CI: Remove deprecated macos12 runner and add macos13 and macos15 #4815

Job	Run time
ci (ubuntu-20.04, 18, gcc, g++, Release)	6m 19s
ci (ubuntu-20.04, 18, gcc, g++, Debug)	6m 5s
ci (ubuntu-22.04, 20, gcc, g++, Release)	5m 56s
ci (ubuntu-22.04, 20, gcc, g++, Debug)	5m 10s
ci (ubuntu-22.04, 22, gcc, g++, Release)	6m 10s
ci (ubuntu-22.04, 22, gcc, g++, Debug)	5m 35s
ci (ubuntu-24.04, 22, gcc, g++, -Db_sanitize=address, Release)	8m 48s
ci (ubuntu-24.04, 22, gcc, g++, -Db_sanitize=address, Debug)	6m 27s
ci (ubuntu-24.04, 22, clang, clang++, -Db_sanitize=undefined, Release)	9m 58s
ci (ubuntu-24.04, 22, clang, clang++, -Db_sanitize=undefined, Debug)	7m 16s
ci (ubuntu-24.04, 22, gcc, g++, -Db_sanitize=thread, Release)	7m 24s
ci (ubuntu-24.04, 22, gcc, g++, -Db_sanitize=thread, Debug)	6m 27s
ci (macos-13, 18, clang, clang++, Release)	11m 24s
ci (macos-13, 18, clang, clang++, Debug)	10m 32s
ci (macos-14, 20, clang, clang++, Release)	3m 59s
ci (macos-14, 20, clang, clang++, Debug)	4m 22s
ci (macos-15, 22, clang, clang++, Release)	4m 3s
ci (macos-15, 22, clang, clang++, Debug)	3m 51s
ci (windows-2022, 20, cl, cl, Release)	9m 45s
ci (windows-2022, 20, cl, cl, Debug)	8m 20s
ci (windows-2022, 22, cl, cl, Release)	8m 49s
ci (windows-2022, 22, cl, cl, Debug)	7m 52s
	2h 34m 32s

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