Problem 1: Program to display Fibonacci Series.

    Input: How Many Terms do you want to Display: 10
    Output: 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34

Problem 2: Program to find Factorial of number.

    Input: Enter a Number: 5
    Output: 5! = 120

Problem 3: Program to find HCF of numbers.

    Input: Enter 1st Number: 5
            Enter 2nd Number: 12
    Output: HCF: 1

Problem 4: Program to find LCM of numbers.

    Input: Enter 1st Number: 5
            Enter 2nd Number: 12
    Output: LCM: 1

Problem 5: Program to check whether given number is Fibonacci or not.

    Input: Enter a Number: 78
    Output: It's not an Fibonacci Number
    
    Input: Enter a Number: 55
    Output: Yup! It's a Fibinacci Number

---

Problem 1: Program to Check whether numbers is Armstrong or not.

    Input: Enter a Number: 189
    Output: No, It's not an Armstrong Number
    
    Input: Enter a Number: 153
    Output: It's an Armstrong Number

Problem 2: Program for Array Rotation.

    Input: [ 5, 6, 7, 8, 1, 11, 15, 16], N = 4
    Output: [1, 11, 15, 16, 5, 6, 7, 8]

Problem 3: Program for Maximum and Minimum elements in a list.

    Input: [5, 7, 9, 4, 6, 23, 11, 12]
    Output: Max: 23, MIN: 4

Problem 4: Program to check whether number is Palindrome or not.

    Input: Enter a Number: 121
    Output: Palindrome Number
       
    Input: Enter a Number: 123
    Output: Not a Palindrome Number

Problem 5: Program to check Prime Number using Sieve of Eratosthenes.

    Input: Upto How Many Terms: 20
    Output: 2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19

---

Problem 1: Program to check whether list is Monotonic or not.

    Input: [5, 6, 7, 9, 1, 10, 25, 31]
    Output: No, It's not an Monotonic List
    
    Input: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
    Output: Yup, It's an Monotonic List

Problem 2: Program for Reversing a list.

    Input: [7, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1]
    Output: [1, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 7]

Problem 3: Program for Searching elements in a list.

    Input: [7, 6, 5, 3, 2, 6, 5, 10], N = 6
    Output: Present 

Problem 4: Program for Second Largest element in a list.

    Input: [7, 6, 5, 3, 2, 6, 5, 10]
    Output: Second Largest Element is: 7

Problem 5: Program to Swap first element with last element in a list.

    Input: [10, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7, 9, 4]
    Output: [4, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7, 9, 10]

---

Problem 1: Program for Cloning/Copying the list.

    Input: [4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 6, 10, 15]
    Output: [4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 6, 10, 15]

Problem 2: Program for N Largest elements in a list.

    Input: [4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 6, 10, 15]
    Output: [15, 10, 9, 8]

Problem 3: Program for Occurrences of elements.

    Input: [14, 25, 16, 23, 10, 5, 6, 8, 7, 9, 10, 25, 14], N = 14
    Output: 14 Occurs 2 times

Problem 4: Program for Removing Empty list.

    Input: [5, 6, [], 7, 8, 9, [], 12, [], 4,[]]
    Output: [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 4]

Problem 5: Program for Removing Multiple Elements.

    Input: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], N = [2, 4]
    Output: [1, 3, 5]

---

Problem 1: Program to Break list into Chunks of list.

    Input: [10, 45, 20, 62, 47, 85, 12, 63, 24, 78, 10], N = 2
    Output: [[45, 20], [62, 47], [85, 12], [63, 24], [78, 10]]

Problem 2: Program for Cumulative Sum of list.

    Input: [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]
    Output: [10, 30, 60, 100, 150, 210]

Problem 3: Program to print Duplicates in list.

    Input: [4, 5, 1, 2, 6, 5, 2]
    Output: [5, 2]

Problem 4: Program for Flattening a list.

    Input: [1, 2, [3, 4, [5, 6], 7], [[[8, 9], 10]], [11, [12, 13]]]
    Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]

---

Problem 1: Program for Increamenting Numeric String.

    Input: ["100", "Days", "of", "CodeChallenge", "234", "is", "98", "123", "best", "4"], N = 10
    Output: ['110', 'Days', 'of', 'CodeChallenge', '244', 'is', '108', '133', 'best', '14']

Problem 2: Program to find Maximum of each key in list.

    Input: [{"Days": 8, "Code": 1, "Challenge": 9}, {
             "Days": 2, "Code": 9, "Challenge": 1}, {"Days": 5, "Code": 10, "Challenge": 7}]
    Output: {'Days': 8, 'Code': 10, 'Challenge': 9}

Problem 3: Program to Sort list_1 by list_2.

    Input: ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i"], [0,   1,   1,    0,   1,   2,   2,   0,   1]
    Output: ['a', 'd', 'h', 'b', 'c', 'e', 'i', 'f', 'g']

Problem 4: Program for Words Reverse Pairs in list.

    Input: ["skeeg", "best", "tseb", "for", "skeeg", "skeeg", "best", "geeks", "tseb"]
    Output: 3 Reverse Pairs

---

Problem 1: Program to Remove Row with custom elements.

    Input: Test_list = [[5, 3, 1], [7, 8, 9], [1, 10, 22], [12, 18, 21]], N = [3, 10, 19, 29, 20, 15]
    Output: [[7, 8, 9], [12, 18, 21]]

Problem 2: Program for Removing Specific Digit from every element.

    Input: [343, 893, 1948, 3433333, 2346], N = 3
    Output: ['4', '89', '1948', '4', '246']

Problem 3: Program to print strings Based on Prefix.

    Input: Test_list = ["geeks", "peeks", "meeks", "leeks", "mean"], Prefix_list = ["ge", "ne", "me", "re"]
    Output: ['geeks', 'meeks', 'mean']

Problem 4: Program to Swap ith with jth element.

    Input: Test_list = [4, 7, 8, 0, 8, 4, 2, 9, 4, 8, 4], i, j = 4, 8
    Output: [8, 7, 4, 0, 4, 8, 2, 9, 8, 4, 8]

---

Problem 1: Program for elements Mutiple of elements in a list.

    Input: Test_list = [4, 24, 8, 10, 12, 23], Check_list = [6, 4]
    Output: [24, 12]

Problem 2: Program to print element with Maximum Vowel in a list.

    Input: ["gfg", "beaeioust", "for", "geeks"]
    Output: beaeioust

Problem 3: Program for Occurrences of i before first j in a list.

    Input: Test_list = [4, 5, 6, 4, 1, 4, 8, 5, 4, 3, 4, 9], i, j = 4, 8
    Output: 4 Occurs 3 times before 8 Occur

Problem 4: Program to Sort Row by frequency of key.

    Input: [[10, 2, 3, 2, 3], [5, 5, 4, 7, 7, 4], [1, 2], [1, 1, 2, 2, 2]], n = 2
    Output: [[5, 5, 4, 7, 7, 4], [1, 2], [10, 2, 3, 2, 3], [1, 1, 2, 2, 2]]

---

Problem 1: Program to Add Two Matrix.

    Input: X = [[1, 2, 3],
    		[4, 5, 6],
     		[7, 8, 9]]

	    Y = [[9, 8, 7],
    		[6, 5, 4],
     		[3, 2, 1]]
    Output: [10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10]

Problem 2: Program to Multiply Two Matrix.

    Input: A = [[12, 7, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]], B = [[5, 8, 1, 2], [6, 7, 3, 0], [4, 5, 9, 1]]
    Output: [[114, 160, 60, 27], [74, 97, 73, 14], [119, 157, 112, 23]]

Problem 3: Program for Product of all elements in Matrix.

    Input: [[1, 4, 5], [7, 3], [4], [46, 7, 3]]
    Output: 1622880

Problem 4: Program to Transpose a Matrix.

    Input: [[12, 7], [4, 5], [3, 8]]
    Output: [12, 4, 3]
	     [7, 5, 8]

---

Problem 1: Program for Kth Element in Matrix.

    Input: Test_list = [[4, 5, 6],
                        [8, 1, 10],
             	        [7, 12, 5]]
            K = 2
    Output: [5, 1, 12]

Problem 1: Program for String Palindrome.

    Input: amma
    Output: Palindrome String
    
    Input: code
    Output: Not a Palindrome String

Problem 1: Program to check whether string is Symmetric or Palindrome.

    Input: amam
    Output: Symmetric and Not Palindrome
    
    Input: amaama
    Output: Symmetric and Palindrome

Problem 1: Program for Vertical Concatenation of Matrix.

    Input: [["Gfg", "good"], ["is", "for"], ["Best"]]
    Output: ['GfgisBest', 'goodfor', '']

---

Problem 1: Program to Remove Duplicates from a List.

    Input: [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6]
    Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

Problem 2: Program to Remove Particular Character.

    Input: Hey! There satyam here, K = !
    Output: Hey There satyam here

Problem 3: Program to Reverse Words of string.

    Input: 100 Days of Code Challenge
    Output: Challenge Code of Days 100

Problem 4: Program to Convert Snake Case to Pascal case.

    Input: 100 days of code challenge
    Output: 100DaysOfCodeChallenge

Problem 5: Program to Find word with Maximum Frequency.

    Input: hey you yeah you where are you
    Output: you

---

Problem 1: Program for Even length String.

    Input: 100 Days of Code Challenge
    Output: Days, of, Code

Problem 2: Program for least Frequency Character.

    Input: this is github challenge
    Output: u

Problem 3: Program for Matching Characters in string.

    Input: F1 = 100 Days of Code Challenge, F2 = Code Challenge
    Output: Code Challenge

Problem 4: Program to print String with Vowels.

    Input: Github Challenge
    Output: Not Accepted
    
    Input: aaoaao
    Output: Accepted

---

Problem 1: Program for Removing ith Character from string.

    Input: Code Challenge, K = 6
    Output: Code Callenge

Problem 2: Program for Special Characters in string.

    Input:  github@io
    Output: Not Accepted
    
    
    Input:  githubio
    Output: Accepted

Problem 3: Program for checking string is Binary or not.

    Input: 123456
    Output: Not a Binary
    
    
    Input: 1011001011
    Output: Binary

Problem 4: Program to print all the words greater than given length.

    Input: Hey! this is 100 Days of Code Challenge, N = 4
    Output: Challenge

---

Problem 1: Program for PERMUTATION of string.

    Input: ABC
    Output: ABC, ACB, BAC, BCA, CAB, CBA

Problem 2: Program for Replace Duplicate Occurrences in string.

    Input: Hey! this is 100 Days of Code Challenge, N = 4
    Output: Challenge

Problem 3: Program for Replace Multiple Words in string.

    Input: Hey! this is 100 Days of Code Challenge, N = 4
    Output: Challenge

Problem 4: Program to print Uncommon Words in strings.

    Input: Hey! this is 100 Days of Code Challenge, N = 4
    Output: Challenge

---

Problem 1: Program for Executing a String of Code.

    Input: Test_string = """ 
				def factorial(num): 
				    fact=1 
				    for i in range(1,num+1): 
					fact = fact*i 
				    return fact 
				print(factorial(5)) 
			  """
	    N = 5
    Output: 120

Problem 2: Program for checking URL in String.

    Input: "These are the links http://www.google.com  and http://stackoverflow.com/questions/839994/extracting-a-url-in-python"
    Output: http://www.google.com
	     http://stackoverflow.com/questions/839994/extracting-a-url-in-python

Problem 3: Program for String Slicing to Rotate a String.

    Input: Hey! There this is 100 Days of Code Challenge
    Output: Left Rotation:  There this is 100 Days of Code ChallengeHey!
	     Right Rotation: engeHey! There this is 100 Days of Code Chall

Problem 4: Program for String Slicing to check if a string can become empty by Recursive relation.

    Input: a = CoCodede, b = Code
    Output: True

---

Problem 1: Program for Checking Strings for Specific Characters

    Input: Test_string = "@geeksfor#geeks123%^&*"
	    Test_list = ['#', '%', '8', '@', ')']
    Output: [True, True, False, True, False]

Problem 2: Program for Duplicates Characters in string.

    Input: hey this is Github Repo
    Output: hey tis

Problem 3: Program to Sort a list of names using Last Names.

    Input: ['John Wick', 'Jason Voorhees', 'Freddy Krueger', 'Keyser Soze', 'Mohinder Singh Pandher']
    Output: ['Freddy Krueger', 'Mohinder Singh Pandher', 'Keyser Soze', 'Jason Voorhees', 'John Wick']

Problem 4: Program to find letters which are not common in two strings.

    Input: 1st String: Hey this is Code Challenge
	    2nd String: wait this is Github Repo
    Output: C R p u d n G l g y H b w

---

Problem 1: Program for Maximum UpperCase run.

    Input: GeEKSforGEEKSISBESt
    Output: GEEKSISBES 10

Problem 2: Program for Moving Numbers to the end of the string.

    Input: This is 100 Days of Code Challenge Plus 50 Days Also
    Output: This is  Days of Code Challenge Plus  Days Also10050

Problem 3: Program for Replacing String with Sub-String.

    Input: String: This is 50 Days of Code Challenge
	    Which: 50
	    To: 100
    Output: This is 100 Days of Code Challenge

Problem 4: Program to print strings based on Prefix.

    Input: Test_list = ["geeks", "peeks", "meeks", "leeks", "mean"]
	    Pref_list = ["ge", "ne", "me", "re"]
    Output: geeks meeks mean

---

Problem 1: Extracting Values from Dictionary.

    Input: Test_dict = {'Challenges': [5, 6, 7, 8],
             		 'are': [10, 11, 7, 5],
                         'best': [6, 12, 10, 8],
                         'for': [1, 2, 5]}
    Output: [1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12]

Problem 2: Remove a Key from Dictionary.

    Input: {'This': 12, 'is': 24, 'Code': 36, 'Challenge': 48, 'Github': 60}
	    Which Key to Delete: Github
    Output: {'This': 12, 'is': 24, 'Code': 36, 'Challenge': 48}

Problem 3: Sort a list of Dictionaries by values using itemgetter.

    Input: Test_list = [{"Name": "Tushar", "Age": 20},
            		 {"Name": "Aditya", "Age": 19},
            		 {"Name": "Satyam", "Age": 21}]
    Output: Age Sorting: [{'Name': 'Aditya', 'Age': 19}, {'Name': 'Tushar', 'Age': 20}, {'Name': 'Satyam', 'Age': 21}]
	     Name and Age Sorting: [{'Name': 'Aditya', 'Age': 19}, {'Name': 'Tushar', 'Age': 20}, {'Name': 'Satyam', 'Age': 21}]

Problem 4: Find the Sum of all items in a Dictionary.

    Input: {'a': 100, 'b': 200, 'c': 300, 'd': 400}
    Output: Total Sum: 1000

---

Problem 1: Program to check Order of Characters in string.

    Input: Enter String: CodeChallenge
	    Enter Pattern: Co
    Output: True
    
    Input: Enter String: CodeChallenge
	    Enter Pattern: oC
    Output: False

Problem 2: Program to Convert Key-Values list to flat Dictionary.

    Input: Test_dict = {'Month': [1, 2, 3],
             		 'Name': ['Jan', 'Feb', 'March']}
    Output: Total Sum: {1: 'Jan', 2: 'Feb', 3: 'March'}

Problem 3: Program for Merging Two Dictionaries.

    Input: Test_dict_1 = {'A': 10, 'B': 8}
	    Test_dict_2 = {'D': 6, 'C': 4}
    Output: {'A': 10, 'B': 8, 'D': 6, 'C': 4}

Problem 4: Program to Sort list of Dictionaries using lambda function.

    Input: Test_list = [{"Name": "Satyam", "Age": 20},
             {"Name": "Aditya", "Age": 20},
             {"Name": "Tushar", "Age": 19}]
    Output: [{'Name': 'Tushar', 'Age': 19}, {'Name': 'Satyam', 'Age': 20}, {'Name': 'Aditya', 'Age': 20}]

---

Problem 1: Program to Append Dictionary Keys and Values.

    Input: {"Code": 1, "Challenge": 10, "is": 100, "Best": 1000}
    Output: ['Code', 'Challenge', 'is', 'Best', 1, 10, 100, 1000]

Problem 2: Program for Counter in Python to find the Winner of the Election.

    Input: Test_list = ['john', 'johnny', 'jackie', 'johnny', 'john', 'jackie',
             		 'jamie', 'jamie', 'john', 'johnny', 'jamie', 'johnny', 'john']
    Output: john

Problem 3: Program to Sort Dictionary Keys and Values List.

    Input: {'Code': [7, 6, 3], 'Challenge': [2, 10, 3], 'is': [19, 4], 'Best': [18, 20, 7]}
    Output: {'Best': [7, 18, 20], 'Challenge': [2, 3, 10], 'Code': [3, 6, 7], 'is': [4, 19]}

Problem 4: Program to Sort Python Dictionaries by Keys and Values.

    Input: {2: 56, 1: 2, 5: 12, 4: 24, 6: 18, 3: 323}
    Output: Sorting by Keys: {1: 2, 2: 56, 3: 323, 4: 24, 5: 12, 6: 18}
	     Sorting by Values: {1: 2, 5: 12, 6: 18, 4: 24, 2: 56, 3: 323}

---

Problem 1: Program to print Anagram together in Python using list and Dictionaries.

    Input: ['cat', 'dog', 'tac', 'god', 'act']
    Output: cat tac act dog god

Problem 2: Program to check if Binary Representations of two numbers are Anagram.

    Input: 8, 4
    Output: True, because both have same number of 0's and 1's

Problem 3: Program for Handling missing keys in Python Dictionaries.

    Input: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}), key = d
    Output: Key not found...

Problem 4: Program for K’th Non-repeating Character in Python using OrderedDict.

    Input: CodeChallenge, K = 2
    Output: d, because ['o', 'd', 'h', 'a', 'n', 'g'] ---> This is the list of Non-Repeating Characters in the Given String

---

Problem 1: Program for counting the frequencies of elements.

    Input: [1, 1, 1, 5, 5, 3, 1, 3, 3, 1, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2, 2, 2]
    Output: 1 : 5, 5 : 2, 3 : 3, 4 : 3, 2 : 4

Problem 2: Program to Convert any string to a string contains it's Mirror Characters.

    Input: codechallenge, K = 4
    Output: codvxszoovmtv

Problem 3: Program to Remove all Duplicate words from a given sentence.

    Input: Coding is great and challenges is great
    Output: Coding is great and challenges

Problem 4: Program to find the size of largest subset of anagram words.

    Input: magenta magnate tan gnamate
    Output: 3

---

Problem 1: Program for Dictionary Intersection in Python.

    Input: s1 = ABHISHEKsinGH
            s2 = gfhfBHkooIHnfndSHEKsiAnG
    Output: Possible
    
    Input: s1 = Hello
            s2 = dnaKfhelddf
    Output: Not Possible
    
    Input: s1 = GeeksforGeeks
            s2 = rteksfoGrdsskGeggehes
    Output: Possible

Problem 2: Program to check if Frequency of characters in string can become same after removing atmost one character.

    Input: xxxyyzz
    Output: True
    
    Input: xxxxyyzz
    Output: False

Problem 3: Program for Keys associated with Values in Dictionary.

    Input: {'Code': [1, 2, 3], "Challenge": [3, 4, 5], 'is': [1, 4], 'best': [4, 2]}
    Output: {1: ['Code', 'is'], 2: ['Code', 'best'], 3: ['Code', 'Challenge'], 4: ['Challenge', 'is', 'best'], 5: ['Challenge']}

Problem 4: Program for Possible Words using Given Characters.

    Input: Test_list = ['go', 'bat', 'me', 'eat', 'goal', 'boy', 'run']
    	    Test_chars = ['e', 'o', 'b', 'a', 'm', 'g', 'l']
    Output: go, me, goal

---

Problem 1: Program for Assigning keys with Maximum Element Index.

    Input: {"Challenges": [5, 3, 6, 3], "are": [1, 7, 5, 3], "Best": [9, 1, 3, 5]}
    Output: {'Challenges': 2, 'are': 1, 'Best': 0}

Problem 2: Program for Index Directory of Elements.

    Input: [7, 6, 3, 7, 8, 3, 6, 7, 8]
    Output: {8: [4, 8], 3: [2, 5], 6: [1, 6], 7: [0, 3, 7]}

Problem 3: Program for Minimum Value Key Assignment.

    Input: Test_dict_1 = {"Code": 1, "Challenge": 7, "is": 8, "Best": 10}
	    Test_dict_2 = {"Code": 5, "Challenge": 5, "is": 7, "Best": 14}
	    
    Output: {'Code': 1, 'Challenge': 5, 'is': 7, 'Best': 10}

Problem 4: Program for Shuffling Dictionary Values.

    Input: {"Code": 1, "Challenge": 7, "is": 8, "Best": 10}
    Output: {'Code': 10, 'Challenge': 8, 'is': 1, 'Best': 7}

---

Problem 1: Program to display keys with same values in a dictionary List.

    Input: {'S': 2, 'a': 3, 'm': 1, 't': 4, 'y': 1, 'y': 4, 't': 3}
    Output: ['S', 'S', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'm', 't', 't', 't', 'y', 'y', 'y', 'y']

Problem 2: Filter dictionaries by values in Kth Key in list.

    Input: Test_list = [{"Gfg": 3, "is": 5, "best": 10},
            		 {"Gfg": 5, "is": 1, "best": 1},
             		 {"Gfg": 8, "is": 3, "best": 9},
             		 {"Gfg": 9, "is": 9, "best": 8},
             		 {"Gfg": 4, "is": 10, "best": 7}]
			 
    Output: [{'Gfg': 5, 'is': 1, 'best': 1}, {'Gfg': 8, 'is': 3, 'best': 9}, {'Gfg': 9, 'is': 9, 'best': 8}]

Problem 3: Program to Remove Duplicity from a Dictionary.

    Input: {'All': ['All', 'Time', 'Favourite'], 'Favourite': ['All'], 'Code': ['Challenge']}
    Output: {'All': ['All', 'Time', 'Favourite'], 'Code': ['Challenge']}

Problem 4: Program for Unique values count of each Key.

    Input: Test_dict = [{"Challenges": 1, "are": 3, "Best": 2}, {
                          "Challenges": 1, "are": 3, "Best": 6}, {"Challenges": 7, "are": 3, "Best": 10}]
			  
    Output: {'Challenges': 2, 'are': 1, 'Best': 3}

---

Problem 1: Program to convert each list element to Key-Value Pair.

    Input: [2323, 82, 129388, 234, 95]
    Output: {23: 23, 8: 2, 129: 388, 2: 34, 9: 5}

Problem 2: Program to Resize keys in Dictionary.

    Input: {"geeksforgeeks": 3, "best": 3, "coding": 4, "practice": 3}, K = 2
    Output: {'ge': 3, 'be': 3, 'co': 4, 'pr': 3}

Problem 3: Program for Rotating Dictionary by K.

    Input: {1: 6, 8: 1, 9: 3, 10: 8, 12: 6, 4: 9}, K = 2
    Output: {12: 6, 4: 9, 1: 6, 8: 1, 9: 3, 10: 8}

Problem 4: Program to test if Values Sum is Greater than Keys Sum in Dictionary.

    Input: {5: 3, 1: 3, 10: 4, 7: 3, 8: 1, 9: 5}
    Output: False, because Sum of all the Values is less than sum of all the Keys.

---

Problem 1: Program to Extract digits from Tuple list.

    Inpu: [(15, 3), (3, 9), (1, 10), (99, 2)]
    Output: [5, 9, 2, 1, 3, 0]

Problem 2: Program to Join Tuples if similar initial element.

    Inpu: [(5, 6), (5, 7), (6, 8), (6, 10), (7, 13)]
    Output: [(5, 6, 7), (6, 8, 10), (7, 13)]

Problem 3: Program for Maximum and Minimum K elements in Tuple.

    Inpu: (5, 20, 3, 7, 6, 8, 2, 87, 9, 14), K = 2
    Output: (2, 3, 20, 87)

Problem 4: Program to Find the size of a Tuple.

    Inpu: Tuple_1 = ("A", 1, "B", 2, "C", 3)
	    Tuple_2 = ("Geek1", "Satyam", "hey you yeah you", "Tushar", "Geek3", "Aditya")
	    Tuple_3 = ((1, "Lion"), (2, "Tiger"), (3, "Fox"), (4, "Wolf"))
	    
    Output: Size of Tuple_1: 44 bytes
	     Size of Tuple_2: 44 bytes
	     Size of Tuple_3: 36 bytes

---

Problem 1: Program for Occurrences of Characters in string.

    Inpu: "ABBBBCCCCCCCCAB"
    Output: 1A4B8C1A1B

Problem 2: Program for all pair combinations of 2 tuples.

    Inpu: (4, 5), (7, 8)
    Output: [(4, 7), (4, 8), (5, 7), (5, 8), (7, 4), (7, 5), (8, 4), (8, 5)]

Problem 3: Program to Remove Tuples of Length K.

    Inpu: [(4, 5), (4, ), (8, 6, 7), (1, ), (3, 4, 6, 7)], K = 3
    Output: [(4, 5), (4,), (1,), (3, 4, 6, 7)]

Problem 4: Program to Sort a list of tuples by second Item.

    Inpu: [('for', 24), ('is', 10), ('Geeks', 28), ('Geeksforgeeks', 5), ('portal', 20), ('a', 15)]
    Output: [('Geeksforgeeks', 5), ('is', 10), ('a', 15), ('portal', 20), ('for', 24), ('Geeks', 28)]

---

Problem 1: Program for Inverted Number Pattern.

    1 2 3 4 5 6
    1 2 3 4 5
    1 2 3 4
    1 2 3
    1 2
    1

Problem 2: Program for Inverted Star Pattern.

    * * * * * *
    * * * * *
    * * * *
    * * *
    * *
    *

Problem 3: Program to generate the next 15 leap years starting from a given year.

      Input:  2000
      Output: [2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020, 2024, 2028, 2032, 2036, 2040, 2044, 2048, 2052, 2056]

Problem 4: Write a python program to solve a classic ancient Chinese puzzle. We count 35 heads and 94 legs among the chickens and rabbits in a farm. How many rabbits and how many chickens do we have?

                  Sample Input		    Expected Output
                heads-150 legs-400	      100 50
                heads-3 legs-11		        No solution
                heads-3 legs-12		        0 3
                heads-5 legs-10		        5 0

---

Problem 1: Program to Flatten tuple of list.

    Input:  ([5, 6], [6, 7, 8, 9], [3])
    Output: (5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9, 3)

Problem 2: Program to Convert Nested tuple to Custom Key Dictionary.

    Input:  ((4, 'Gfg', 10), (3, 'is', 8), (6, 'Best', 10)), ['key', 'value', 'id']
    Output: [{'key': 4, 'value': 'Gfg', 'id': 10}, {'key': 3, 'value': 'is', 'id': 8}, {'key': 6, 'value': 'Best', 'id': 10}]

Problem 3: Program to arrange the tuple of list according to given order.

    Input:  [('Gfg', 3), ('best', 9), ('CS', 10), ('Geeks', 2)], ['Geeks', 'best', 'CS', 'Gfg']
    Output: [('Geeks', 2), ('best', 9), ('CS', 10), ('Gfg', 3)]

Problem 4: Program to Remove Duplicate tuples from a list of tuples.

    Input:  [(4, 6), (1, 2), (9, 2), (2, 1), (5, 7), (6, 4), (9, 2)]
    Output: [(2, 9), (1, 2), (4, 6), (5, 7)]

---

Problem 1: Program to Extract tuples having K digit elements.

   Input:  [(54, 2), (34, 55), (222, 23), (12, 45), (78, )], k = 2
   Output: [(34, 55), (12, 45), (78,)]

Problem 2: Program to Remove None elements from Tuple.

   Input:  [(None, 2), (None, None), (3, 4), (12, 3), (None, )]
   Output: [(None, 2), (3, 4), (12, 3)]

Problem 3: Program to Sort tuple by Total digits.

   Input:  [(3, 4, 6, 723), (1, 2), (12345,), (134, 234, 34)]
   Output: [(1, 2), (12345,), (3, 4, 6, 723), (134, 234, 34)]

Problem 4: Program to Sort tuple by it's last element.

   Input:  [(1, 3), (3, 2), (2, 1)]
   Output: [(2, 1), (3, 2), (1, 3)] 

---

Problem 1: Program to Sort Tuples by their Maximum element.

  Input:  [(4, 5, 5, 7), (1, 3, 7, 4), (19, 4, 5, 3), (1, 2)]
  Output: [(19, 4, 5, 3), (4, 5, 5, 7), (1, 3, 7, 4), (1, 2)]

Problem 2: Program to find tuples which have all elements divisible by K from a list of tuples.

  Input:  [(6, 24, 12), (7, 9, 6), (12, 18, 21)], k = 3
  Output: [(6, 24, 12), (12, 18, 21)]

---

Problem 1: Program for Binary Search.

  Input:  [2, 5, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10], n = 8
  Output: Found at index 4

Problem 2: Program for Linear Search.

  Input:  [2, 5, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10], n = 8
  Output: Found at index 4

---

Problem 1: Write a function to find the medical specialty visited by the maximum number of patients and return the name of the specialty.

Fortis Hospital wants to know the medical specialty visited by the maximum number of patients. Assume that the Patient id
of the patient along with the medical specialty visited by the patient is stored in a list. The details of the medical
specialties are stored in a dictionary as follows:
			
 { "P" : "Pediatrics", "O" : "Orthopedics", "E" : "ENT" }

Write a function to find the medical specialty visited by the maximum number of patients and return 
the name of the specialty.
      
Note:  Assume that there is always only one medical specialty which is visited by maximum number of patients.
      
				Sample Input		               	          Expected Output
	[ 101, 'P', 102, 'O', 302, 'P', 305, 'P']				    Pediatrics
	[ 101, 'O', 102, 'O', 302, 'P', 305, 'E', 401, 'O',656, 'O']		    Orthopedics
	[ 101, 'P', 102, 'E', 302, 'P', 305, 'P', 401, 'E', 656, 'O', 987, 'E']	    ENT

Problem 2: Write a python function translate() that accepts the bilingual dictionary and a list of English words (your Christmas wish) and returns a list of equivalent Swedish words.

 Represent a small bilingual (English-Swedish) glossary given below as a Python dictionary
      		
 d={"merry":"god", "christmas":"jul", "and":"och", "happy":"gott", "new":"nytt","year":"ar"} and use it to translate your
 
 Christmas wishes from English into Swedish. That is, write a python function translate() that accepts the bilingual
 
 dictionary and a list of English words (your Christmas wish) and returns a list of equivalent Swedish words.
 
    Input:  ["merry", "christmas"]
    Output: ['god', 'jul']

---

Problem 1: Program for Insertion Sort.

  Input:  [5,14,6,23,15,12,34]
  Output: [5,6,12,14,15,23,34]

Problem 2: Program for Recursive Insertion Sort.

  Input:  [5,14,6,23,15,12,34]
  Output: [5,6,12,14,15,23,34]

---

Problem 1: Program for Quick Sort.

  Input:  [5,14,6,23,15,12,34]
  Output: [5,6,12,14,15,23,34]

Problem 2: Write a program for to input name of the gems separated by comma and the respective quantities to be purchased separated by comma. Then print the total cost of the gems user want to purchase and also reduce the quantity of the gems purchased.

 Let we have two dictionaries.  
 gem_qty={“ruby” : 25,“diamond”: 30,“emrald”:15,“topaz”: 18,“sapphire”: 20}
 gem_price={“ruby” : 2000,“diamond”: 4000,“emrald”:1900,“topaz”:500,“sapphire”:2500}
 
     Input                           Output
 diamond,ruby,topaz            Total Cost: 47500
 5,10,15                       Gem_Qty: {'ruby': 15, 'diamond': 25, 'emrald': 15, 'topaz': 3, 'sapphire': 20}

---

Problem 1: Program for Bubble Sort.

  Input:  [64, 25, 12, 22, 11]
  Output: [11, 12, 22, 25, 64]

Problem 2: Program for Selection Sort.

  Input:  [64, 25, 12, 22, 11]
  Output: [11, 12, 22, 25, 64]

---

Problem 1: Program for Inverted Star Pattern.

  Input:   6
  Output:  ******
	    *****
             ****
  	      ***
    	       **
    	        *

Problem 2: Program for Merge Sort.

  Input:  [64, 25, 12, 22, 11]
  Output: [11, 12, 22, 25, 64]
   

---

Problem 1: Program to get Current Time.

    Time: 19:29:53

Problem 2: Program to get Current Date and Time.

    Time: 19:29:53
    Date: 13-02-2021

---

Problem 1: Find Yesterday’s, Today’s and Tomorrow’s Date.

Problem 2: Program to convert time from 12 hour to 24 hour format.

  
   Input : 11:28:33 PM
   Output: 23:28:33

   Input : 12:15:21 AM
   Output: 00:15:21
    

---

Problem 1: Python program to find difference between current time and given time.

  Input : h1=7, m1=20, h2=9, m2=45
  Output: 2 : 25

Problem 2: Convert date string to timestamp in Python.

  Input : "02/04/2021"
  Output: 1617301800.0

---

Problem 1: Find number of times every day occurs in a Year.

  Input : 2021
  Output: Monday : 52
          Tuesday : 52
          Wednesday : 52
          Thursday : 52
          Friday : 53
          Saturday : 52
          Sunday : 52

Problem 2: Convert timestamp string to datetime object in Python.

  Input : 1617301800
  Output: "02/04/2021"

---

Problem 1: Python program to Count Uppercase, Lowercase, special character and numeric values using RegEx.

    Input: "ThisIsGeeksforGeeks!, 123" 

    Output: No. of uppercase characters = 4
	    No. of lowercase characters = 15
	    No. of numerical characters = 3
	    No. of special characters = 2

Problem 2: Python Program to Check if String Contain Only Defined Characters using RegEx.

    Input: ‘657’ let us say regular expression contain following characters - (‘78653’)
    Output: Valid
    Explanation: The Input string only consist of characters present in the given string.

    Input: ‘7606’ let us say regular expression contain following characters - (‘102’) 
    Output: Invalid

---

Problem 1: Python RegEx to extract maximum numeric value from a string.

    Input: 100klh564abc365bg
    Output: 564
    Maximum numeric value among 100, 564, and 365 is 564.

    Input: abchsd0sdhs
    Output: 0

Problem 2: Python Program to find the most occurring number in a string using RegEx.

    Input: geek55of55geeks4abc3dr2 
    Output: 55

    Input: abcd1def2high2bnasvd3vjhd44
    Output: 2

---

Problem 1: Python Program to put spaces between words starting with capital letters using RegEx.

    Input: BruceWayneIsBatman
    Output: bruce wayne is batman

    Input: GeeksForGeeks
    Output: geeks for geeks

Problem 2: Check whether a string starts and ends with the same character or not.

    Input: abba
    Output: Valid

    Input: a
    Output: Valid

    Input: abc
    Output: Invalid

---

Problem 1: Python program to Remove duplicate words from Sentence.

    Input: str = “Good bye bye world world” 
    Output: Good bye world 

    Input: str = “Hello hello world world” 
    Output: Hello world 

Problem 2: Python RegEx to find sequences of one upper case letter followed by lower case letters.

    Input: Geeks
    Output: Yes

    Input: geeksforgeeks
    Output: No

---

Problem 1: Python RegEx to Remove all characters except letters and numbers.

    Input:  123abcjw:, .@! eiw
    Output: 123abcjweiw

Problem 2: Program to accept string ending with alphanumeric character.

    Input: ankitrai326
    Output: Accept

    Input: ankirai@
    Output: Discard

---

Problem 1: Python RegEx to accept string starting with vowel.

    Input: animal
    Output: Accepted

    Input: zebra
    Output: Not Accepted

Problem 2: Program to check if a string starts with a substring using RegEx.

    Input: 
        String: "geeks for geeks makes learning fun" 
        Substring: "geeks" 
    Output: True 
    
    Input: 
        String: "geeks for geeks makes learning fun" 
        Substring: "makes" 
    Output: False

---

Problem 1: Parsing and Processing URL using Python-RegEx.

    Input: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/courses
    Output: 
    	Hostname: geeksforgeeks.com
        Protocol: https

Problem 2: Check if an URL is valid or not using Validator Module.

    Input: “https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/” 
    Output: Yes 

    Input: “https:// www.geeksforgeeks.org/”
    Output: No 

---

Problem 1: Program to find files having a particular extension using RegEx.

    Input: ["gfg.html", "geeks.xml", "computer.txt", "geeksforgeeks.jpg", "hey.png"], x = png
    Output: hey.png

Problem 2: Check if email address valid or not.

    Input:  ankitrai326@gmail.com
    Output: Valid Email

    Input: my.ownsite@ourearth.org
    Output: Valid Email

    Input: ankitrai326.com
    Output: Invalid Email 

---

Problem 1: Program to check the validity of a Password.

    Primary conditions for password validation :

      1) Minimum 8 characters.
      2) The alphabets must be between [a-z]
      3) At least one alphabet should be of Upper Case [A-Z]
      4) At least 1 number or digit between [0-9].
      5) At least 1 character from [ _ or @ or $ ]

    Input: R@m@_f0rtu9e$
    Output: Valid Password

    Input: Rama_fortune$
    Output: Invalid Password
    Explanation: Number is missing

    Input: Rama#fortu9e 
    Output: Invalid Password
    Explanation: Must consist from _ or @ or $

Problem 2: Categorize Password as Strong or Weak using RegEx.

    Conditions to be fulfilled are:

      1) Minimum 9 characters and maximum 20 characters.
      2) Cannot be a newline or a space
      3) There should not be three or more repeating characters in a row.
      4) The same string pattern(minimum of two character length) should not be repeating.

    Input1: Qggf!@ghf3
    Output1: Strong Password!

    Input2: aaabnil1gu
    Output2: Weak Password: Same character repeats three or more times in a row

    Input3: Geeksforgeeks
    Output3: Weak Password: Same character repeats three or more times in a row

    Input4: Aasd!feasnm
    Output4: Weak password: Same string pattern repetition

    Input5: 772*hdf77
    Output5: Weak password: Same string pattern repetition

    Input6: " "
    Output6: Password cannot be a newline or space!

---

Problem 1: Program to check if a given positive integer is a power of 2.

    Input:  64
    Output: True(because 2^6 = 64)
    
    Input:  32
    Output: True(because 2^5 = 32)
    
    Input:  63
    Output: False

Problem 2: Program to check if a given positive integer is a power of 3.

    Input:  27 
    Output: True(because 3^3 = 27)
    
    Input:  81 
    Output: True(because 3^4 = 81)

    Input:  21
    Output: False 

---

Problem 1: Program to check if an integer is the power of another integer.

    Input: 16, 2
    Output: True
    
    Input: 12, 2
    Output: False
    
    Input: 81, 3
    Output: True

Problem 2: Program to check if a number is a perfect square.

    Input:  8
    Output: False
    
    Input:  9
    Output: True
    
    Input:  100
    Output: True

---

Problem 1: Program to find missing numbers from a list.

    Input: [1,2,3,4,6,7,10]
    Output: [5, 8, 9]                                          
    
    Input: [10,11,12,14,17]
    Output: [13, 15, 16]

Problem 2: Program to find a missing number from a list.

    Input: [1,2,3,4,6,7,8]
    Output: 5
    
    Input:  [10,11,12,14,15,16,17]
    Output: 13

---

Problem 1: Program to find three numbers from an array such that the sum of three numbers equal to zero.

    Input: [-1,0,1,2,-1,-4]
    Output: [[-1, -1, 2], [-1, 0, 1]]
    Note: Find the Unique Triplets in the array.

Problem 2: Program to find three numbers from an array such that the sum of three numbers equal to a given number.

    Input: [1, 0, -1, 0, -2, 2], N = 0
    Output: [[-2, -1, 1, 2], [-2, 0, 0, 2], [-1, 0, 0, 1]]
    Explanation: In the output list you can see that all the elements have the Sum = 0.
                 (-2) + (-1) + (1) + (2) = 0

---

Problem 1: Program to add the digits of a positive integer repeatedly until the result has a single digit.

    Input: 48
    Output: 3
    For example given number is 48, the result will be 3.
        Step 1: 4 + 8 = 12
        Step 2: 1 + 2 = 3

Problem 2: Program to find the single number in a list that doesn't occur twice.

    Input: [5, 3, 4, 3, 4]
    Output: 5

Note:

^

          10 ^ 12
     	  10: 1010
     	  12: 1100
 	      0110 ---> 6
     
 	  Explanation: 1 ^ 0 -> 1, 0 ^ 1 -> 1, 1 ^ 1 = 0 

&

          10 & 12
     	  10: 1010
     	  12: 1100
 	      1000 ---> 8
     
 	  Explanation: 1 & 0 -> 0, 0 & 1 -> 0, 1 & 1 = 1

|

          10 | 12
     	  10: 1010
     	  12: 1100
 	      1110 ---> 14
     
 	  Explanation: 1 | 0 -> 1, 0 | 1 -> 1, 1 | 1 = 1

and

      10 and 12 -> 12
      12 and 10 -> 10
      15 and 14 -> 14

or

      10 or 12 -> 10
      12 or 10 -> 12
      15 or 14 -> 15     

---

Problem: Program to find whether it contains an Additive Sequence or not.

    ->] The Additive Sequence is a sequence of numbers where the sum of the first two numbers 
        is equal to the third one.

    Input: 66121830
    Output: True, because 6 + 6 = 12, 6 + 12 = 18, 12 + 18 = 30
    
    Input: 51123
    Output: False
    
    Input: 5115516
    Output: True, because 511 + 5 = 516

---

Problem: Program to reverse the bits of an integer (32 bits unsigned).

    Input: 1234
    Output: 1260388352
    Explanation: 1234 represented in binary as 10011010010 and returns 1260388352 which 
                 represents in binary as 1001011001000000000000000000000.

---

Problem: Program to check a sequence of numbers is an Arithmetic Progression or not.

   ->] Arithmetic Progression or arithmetic sequence is a sequence of numbers such that the difference 
       between the consecutive terms is constant.

    Input: [5, 7, 9, 11]
    Output: True
   
    Input: [5, 8, 9, 11]
    Output: False
    Explanation: The sequence 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 ... is an arithmetic progression
                 with common difference of 2.

Some Conversions:

Hexadecimal ---> Decimal

3B₁₆ = 3×16¹ + 11×16⁰ = 48 + 11 = 5`₁₀ , here B = 11

E7A9₁₆ = 14×16³ + 7×16² + 10×16¹ + 9×16⁰ = 57344 + 1792 + 160 + 9 = 59305₁₀ , here E = 14 & A = 10

0.8₁₆ = 0×16⁰ + 8×16^-1 = 0 + 0.5 = 0.5₁₀

1F.01B₁₆ = 1×16¹ + 15×16⁰ + 0×16^-1 + 1×16^-2 + 11×16^-3 = 31.0065918₁₀

Decimal ---> Hexadecimal

Conversion Steps:

• Divide the number by 16.
• Get the integer quotient for the next iteration.
• Get the remainder for the hex digit.
• Repeat the steps until the quotient is equal to 0.

Example #1:

7562₁₀

Division by 16	Quotient	Remainder	Hex
7562 / 16	472	10	A
472 / 16	29	8	8
29 / 16	1	13	D
1 / 16	0	1	1

So, 7562₁₀ = 1D8A₁₆

Example #2:

35631₁₀

Division by 16	Quotient	Remainder	Hex
35631 / 16	2226	15	F
2226 / 16	139	2	2
139 / 16	8	11	B
8 / 16	0	8	8

So, 35631₁₀ = 8B2F₁₆

---

Problem: Program to check a sequence of numbers is a Geometric Progression or not.

   ->] Geometric Progression or geometric sequence is a sequence of numbers where each term after the first is found by 
       multiplying the previous one by a fixed, non-zero number called the common ratio.

    Input: [2, 6, 18, 54]
    Output: True
   
    Input: [10, 5, 2.5, 1.25]
    Output: False
    
    Input: [5, 8, 9, 11]
    Output: False
    Explanation: The sequence 2, 6, 18, 54, ... is a geometric progression with common ratio 3.
                 Similarly, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, ... is a geometric sequence with common ratio 1/2.

---

Problem 1: Program to compute the sum of the two reversed numbers and display the sum in reversed form.

    Input: 13, 14
    Output: 27
    
    Input: 130, 1
    Output: 23
    
    Input: 305, 794
    Output: 1
    Note : The result will not be unique for every number for example 31 is a reversed form of several numbers of 13, 130, 1300 etc. 
           Therefore all the leading zeros will be omitted. Means 031 -> 31, 0001 -> 1

Problem 2: Program where you take any positive integer n, if n is even, divide it by 2 to get n / 2. If n is odd, multiply it by 3 and add 1 to obtain 3n + 1. Repeat the process until you reach 1.

    Input: 12
    Output: [12, 6.0, 3.0, 10.0, 5.0, 16.0, 8.0, 4.0, 2.0, 1.0]
    Info: The Collatz conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics. The conjecture is also known as the 3n + 1 conjecture.
	  The conjecture can be summarized as follows. Take any positive integer n. If n is even, divide it by 2 to get n / 2.
	  If n is odd, multiply it by 3 and add 1 to obtain 3n + 1.
	  Repeat the process (which has been called "Half Or Triple Plus One") indefinitely. 
	  The conjecture is that no matter what number you start with, you will always eventually reach 1.

---

Problem 1: Program to get the Hamming numbers upto a given numbers also check whether a given number is a Hamming number.

    Input: 6
    Output: True
    
    Input: 7
    Output: False
    
    Note: Hamming numbers are numbers of the form H = 2i x 3j x 5k, Where i, j, k ≥ 0.
	  The sequence of Hamming numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24, 25, 27. . . 
	  consists of all numbers of the form 2i.3j.5k where i, j and k are non-negative integers.

Problem 2: Program to get the Hamming Sequence upto a given numbers.

    Input: 24
    Output: 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 12 15 16 18 20 24

---

Problem 1: Program to check if a given string is an Anagram of another given string.

    Input: cautioned, education
    Output: True
    
    Input: cat, rat
    Output: False

Problem 2: Program to the push the occurrences of the first number to the end of a list.

    Input: [0, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10]
    Output: [2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 0]
    
    Input: [10, 0, 11, 12, 10, 14, 0, 17]
    Output: [0, 11, 12, 14, 0, 17, 10, 10]

Problem 3: Program to check whether a given number is an Ugly number.

    Input: 12
    Output: True
    
    Input: 13
    Output: False
    Info: Ugly numbers are positive numbers whose only prime factors are 2, 3 or 5. The sequence 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, ...
  	  shows the first 10 ugly numbers.
	  Note: 1 is typically treated as an ugly number.

---

Problem 1: Program to find the single number which occurs odd times.

    Input: [4, 5, 4, 5, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 4, 4]
    Output: 2, here 2 occurs 3 times i.e odd times.

Problem 2: Program to compute the sum of the even-valued terms in the Fibonacci sequence whose values do not exceed the given limit.

    Input: limit = 8
    Output: 10
    Explanation: 2 + 8 = 10
    
    Input: limit = 400
    Output: 188
    Explanation: 2 + 8 + 34 + 144 = 188

---

Problem 1: Program to find the largest palindrome made from the product of two n-digit numbers.

    Input: 4
    Output: 99000099
    
    Input: 3
    Output: 906609

Problem 2: Program to find the largest prime factor of a given number.

    Input: 330
    Output: 11
    Explanation: The Prime Factors of 330 are 2, 3, 5 and 11. Therefore 11 is the largest prime factor of 330.
    
    Input: limit = 200
    Output: 5

---

Problem: Program to find the smallest positive number that is evenly divisible by all of the numbers from 1 to n.

    Input: 10
    Output: 2520
    Explanation: 2520 is the smallest number that can be divided by each of the numbers from 1 to 10 without any remainder.
    
    Input: 20
    Output: 232792560

---

Problem 1: Program to find the difference between the sum of the squares of the first two hundred natural numbers and the square of the sum.

    Input: 200
    Output: 401323300
    Explanation: 
		The sum of the squares of the first twenty natural numbers is, 12+22+32+.....+202 = 404010000
		The square of the sum of the first twenty natural numbers is, (1 + 2 + ... + 10)2 = 2686700
		Hence,  the difference between the sum of the squares of the first twenty natural numbers 
		        and the square of the sum is 404010000 – 2686700 = 401323300

Problem 2: Program to find the n^th prime number.

    Input: 6
    Output: 13
    Explanation: 13 is the 6th Prime Number.
    
    Input: 600
    Output: 4409

---

Problem: Program to compute the sum of all the Amicable Numbers under a given number.

    Input: 500
    Output: 504
    Explanation: The smallest pair of amicable numbers is (220, 284). They are amicable 
    		 because the proper divisors of 220 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 11, 20, 22, 44, 55 and 110, of which the 
		 sum is 284; and the proper divisors of 284 are 1, 2, 4, 71 and 142, of which the sum is 220.
    
    Input: 10000
    Output: 31626

---

Problem: Program to find the first Triangle Number to have over n divisors.

    Input: 15
    Output: 28
    Explanation: A triangular number is a number that is the sum of all of the natural numbers up to a certain number.
    		 For example, 10 is a triangular number because 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10. The first 25 triangular 
		 numbers are: 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, 55, 78, 91, 105, 120, 136, 153, 171, 190, 210, 231, 253, 276, 300, 325, and 351.

		 A triangular number is calculated by the equation: n(n+1)/2
		
		 The factors of the first five triangle numbers:
		 1: 1
		 3: 1, 3
		 6: 1, 2, 3, 6
		 10: 1, 2, 5, 10
		 15: 1, 3, 5, 15
		 In the above list 6 is the first triangle number to have over four divisors.
    
    Input: 100
    Output: 73920

---

Problem 1: Program that takes a string of numbers and letters and return string which consists of letters.

    Input: 4A3B2C1D2A
    Output: AAAABBBCCDAA
    
    Input: 1P1H1P
    Output: PHP
    

Problem 2: Program to find the index of the first term in the Fibonacci sequence to contain n digits.

    Input: 3
    Output: Index - 12, Numbers - 144
    Explanation: F1 = 1
		 F2 = 1
		 F3 = 2
		 F4 = 3
		 F5 = 5
		 F6 = 8
		 F7 = 13
		 F8 = 21
		 F9 = 34
		 F10 = 55
		 F11 = 89
		 F12 = 144
		 The 12th term, F12, is the first term to contain three digits.

---

Problem: Program to compute the edit distance between two given strings.

    Input: "kitten", "sitting"
    Output: Replace: K <--> S
            Replace: e <--> i
            Replacement Required: 3
    Explanation: The edit distance between two strings refers to the minimum number of character insertions, deletions, 
                 and substitutions required to change one string to the other. 
		 
		 For example, the edit distance between "kitten" and "sitting" is three: substitute the "k" for "s",
		              substitute the "e" for "i", and append a "g".
    
    Input: "medium", "median"
    Output: Replace: u <--> a
	    Replace: m <--> n
	    Replacement Required: 2

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Problem: Program to create a new array such that each element at index i of the new array is the product of all the numbers of a given array of integers except the one at i.

    Input: [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
    Output: [1200000, 600000, 400000, 300000, 240000]
    
    Input: [1, 2, 0, 4]
    Output: [0, 0, 8, 0]

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Problem: Program to compute the person's itinerary. If no such itinerary exists, return null. If there are multiple possible itineraries, return the lexicographically smallest one.

    Input: [('SFO', 'HKO'), ('YYZ', 'SFO'), ('YUL', 'YYZ'), ('HKO', 'ORD')], Start_string = 'YUL'
    Output: ['YUL', 'YYZ', 'SFO', 'HKO', 'ORD']
    Explanation: For example, given the list of flights [('SFO', 'HKO'), ('YYZ', 'SFO'), ('YUL', 'YYZ'), ('HKO', 'ORD')]
                         and starting airport 'YUL', you should return the list ['YUL', 'YYZ', 'SFO', 'HKO', 'ORD'].
    
    Input: [('A', 'B'), ('A', 'C'), ('B', 'C'), ('C', 'A')], Start_string = 'A'
    Output: ['A', 'C', 'A', 'B', 'C']
    
    Input: [('SFO', 'COM'), ('COM', 'YYZ')], Start_string = 'COM'
    Output: Invalid Intinerary

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Problem: Program to generate list with 'width'-bit gray code.

    Input: 3
    Output: 0  0  0
            0  0  1
            0  1  0
            0  1  1
            1  0  0
            1  0  1
            1  1  0
            1  1  1
    
    Input: 2
    Output: 0  0
            0  1
            1  0
            1  1
    

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Problem: Program to Reverse a linked list.

    Input: 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> NULL
    Output: 4  -> 3 -> 2 -> 1 -> NULL
    
    Input: NULL
    Output: NULL

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Problem: Program for Tower of Hanoi.

    Input: 2
    Output: Move Disk from A to B
	    Move Disk from A to C
	    Move Disk from B to C
    
    Input: 3
    Output: Move Disk from A to C
	    Move Disk from A to B
	    Move Disk from C to B
	    Move Disk from A to C
	    Move Disk from B to A
	    Move Disk from B to C
	    Move Disk from A to C

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Problem: Program for Difference between sums of odd and even digits.

    Input: 1212112
    Output: Yes
    Explanation: the odd position element is 2+2+1=5
                 the even position element is 1+1+1+2=5
                 the difference is 5-5=0.so print yes.
	    
     Input: 12345
     Output: No
     Explanation: the odd position element is 1+3+5=9
                  the even position element is 2+4=6
                  the difference is 9-6=3 not  equal to zero. So print no.

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Problem: Program to Print Matrix in Z form.

    Input: [[4, 5, 6, 8], 
            [1, 2, 3, 1], 
            [7, 8, 9, 4], 
            [1, 8, 7, 5]]
	    
    Output: 4 5 6 8
                3
              8
            1 8 7 5
    
    Input: [[4, 5, 6, 8, 5],
            [1, 2, 3, 1, 4],
            [7, 8, 9, 4, 7],
            [1, 8, 7, 5, 2],
            [7, 9, 5, 6, 9],
            [9, 4, 5, 6, 6]]
	    
    Output: 4 5 6 8 5
                  1
                9
              8
            7
           9 4 5 6 6

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Problem: Program to perform all the Insert operations in Linked List.

    Input: L_list.Insert_At_Beginning(1)
           L_list.Insert_At_Beginning(2)
           L_list.Insert_At_Beginning(3)
           L_list.Insert_At_End(4)
           L_list.Insert_At_End(5)
           L_list.Insert_At_End(6)
           L_list.Insert_After(L_list.head.next, 10)
    Output: 3 -> 2 -> 10 -> 1 -> 4 -> 5 -> 6 -> None

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Problem: Program to Delete a node of Linked List.

    Input: 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 6 -> None, key = 4
    Output: 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 5 -> 6 -> None

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Problem: Program to Sort a Linked List.

    Input: 8 -> 5 -> 10 -> 7 -> 6 -> 11 -> 9 -> None
    Output: 5 -> 6 -> 7 -> 8 -> 9 -> 10 -> 11 -> None

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Problem: Program to swap nodes in a Singly Linked List without swapping data.

    Input: 8 -> 5 -> 10 -> 7 -> 6 -> 11 -> 9 -> None, key1 = 8, key2 = 5
    Output: 5 -> 8 -> 10 -> 7 -> 6 -> 11 -> 9 -> None

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Problem: Program to Merge 2 sorted linked lists.

    Input: L1 = 5 -> 8 -> 10, L2 = 7 -> 9 -> 11 ->12
    Output: 5 -> 7 -> 8 -> 9 -> 10 -> 11 -> 12 -> None

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Problem: Program for Merge Sort using Linked List.

    Input: 5 -> 8 -> 10 -> 7 -> 9 -> 11 -> 12 -> None
    Output: 5 -> 7 -> 8 -> 9 -> 10 -> 11 -> 12 -> None

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Problem: Program to Reverse a Linked List in groups of given size.

    Input: 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 6 -> 7 -> None, size = 2
    Output: 2 -> 1 -> 4 -> 3 -> 6 -> 5 -> 7 -> None

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Problem: Program to Detect and Remove Loop in a Linked List.

    Input: 8 -> 5 -> 10 -> 7 -> 6 -> 11 -> 9 -> 5
    Output: Loop Found, 8 -> 5 -> 10 -> 7 -> 6 -> 11 -> 9 -> None

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Problem: Program to Add two numbers represented by Linked Lists.

    Input: 7 -> 5 -> 9 -> 4 -> 6 -> None // i.e. 64957, 8 -> 4 -> None // i.e. 48
    Output: 5 -> 0 -> 0 -> 5 -> 6 -> None // i.e. 65005

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Problem: Program to Rotate a Linked List.

    Input: 9 -> 11 -> 6 -> 7 -> 10 -> 5 -> 8 -> None, key = 4
    Output: 10 -> 5 -> 8 -> 9 -> 11 -> 6 -> 7 -> None

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Problem: Program for Circular Singly Linked List Insertion.

    Input:  L_list.Add_to_Empty(6)
    	    L_list.Add_to_Begin(4)
    	    L_list.Add_to_Begin(2)
    	    L_list.Add_to_End(8)
    	    L_list.Add_to_End(12)
    	    L_list.Add_After(10, 8)
    Output: 2 -> 4 -> 6 -> 8 -> 10 -> 12 -> 2

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Problem: Program to Split a Circular Linked List into two halves.

    Input: 10 -> 12 -> 8 -> 2 -> 4 -> 6
    Output: First Split Linked List: 10 -> 12 -> 8
            Second Split Linked List: 2 -> 4 -> 6

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Problem: Program for Sorted insert in Circular Linked List.

    Input: [12, 56, 2, 11, 1, 90]
    Output: 1 -> 2 -> 11 -> 12 -> 56 -> 90 -> 1

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Problem: Program for Doubly Linked List Insertion.

    Input: L_list.Add_at_front(5)
           L_list.Add_at_front(7)
           L_list.Add_at_front(9)
           L_list.Add_at_front(8)
           L_list.Add_End(2)
           L_list.Add_End(6)
           L_list.Add_After(L_list.head.next, 1)
	   
    Output: Traversal in Forward Direction: 8 -> 9 -> 1 -> 7 -> 5 -> 2 -> 6
	    Traversal in Reverse Direction: 6 -> 2 -> 5 -> 7 -> 1 -> 9 -> 8

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Problem 1: Program for Binary Insertion Sort.

    Input: 12, 56, 2, 11, 1, 90
    Output: 1, 2, 11, 12, 56, 90

Problem 2: Program for Linear Insertion Sort.

    Input: 12, 56, 2, 11, 1, 90
    Output: 1, 2, 11, 12, 56, 90

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Problem: Program to Delete a node in Doubly Linked List.

    Input: 8 -> 9 -> 1 -> 7 -> 5 -> 2 -> 6, Node to be Deleted: 1, 7, 6
    Output: 8 -> 9 -> 5 -> 2

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Problem: Program to Reverse a Doubly Linked List.

    Input: 8 -> 9 -> 1 -> 7 -> 5 -> 2 -> 6
    Output: 6 -> 2 -> 5 -> 7 -> 1 -> 9 -> 8

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Problem: Program to Reverse a Doubly Linked List using Stack.

    Input: 8 -> 9 -> 1 -> 7 -> 5 -> 2 -> 6
    Output: 6 -> 2 -> 5 -> 7 -> 1 -> 9 -> 8

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Problem: Program for Infix to Postfix Conversion using Stack.

    Input: "a+b*(c^d-e)^(f+g*h)-i"
    Output: abcd^e-fgh*+^*+i-

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Problem: Program for Evaluation of Postfix Expression Using Stack.

    Input: "231*+9-"
    Output: -4

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Problem: Check for Balanced Parentheses in an expression.

    Input: [()]{}{[()()]()}
    Output: Balanced

    Input: [(])
    Output: Not Balanced 

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Problem: The Stock Span Problem.

    Input: [100, 80, 60, 70, 60, 75, 85]
    Output: [1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 4, 6]