fix: replace deprecated package with Python 3.13 deprecated decorator

[henryiii]

This is available in typing_extensions already and will be in CPython 3.13, and unlike the third-party package, typing tools can tell this is deprecated (mypy soon, some other typing checkers already support it).

This also enables us to start testing on 3.12 in a followup (fixes a warning importing Traversable).

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: 2 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Comparison is base (70deb39) 95.89% compared to head (c343fda) 95.80%.

Files	Patch %	Lines
src/particle/_compat/typing.py	90.90%	1 Missing ⚠️
src/particle/_compat/warnings.py	83.33%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master     #537      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   95.89%   95.80%   -0.09%     
==========================================
  Files          31       33       +2     
  Lines        1389     1407      +18     
==========================================
+ Hits         1332     1348      +16     
- Misses         57       59       +2     

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