env-verifier

Verify that your environment variables exist, and build up your config object at the same time!

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NPM

Package Purpose

Certain types of apps require the use of different variables depending on the environment that the app is run in.

The purpose of this package is to fail early whenever one of those values is missing from the environment object (ie: process.env).

Using this package properly will prevent the sometimes cryptic errors that occur when environment variables are missing.

Because every missing environment variable that env-verifier encountered is returned (or is displayed in a thrown error), this package can also help with the: run the app, app crashes because of missing environment variable, add environment variable, repeat loop that sometimes occurs.

Getting Started

You probably have code that looks like this in your repo:

module.exports = {
  database: {
    name: process.env.DB_NAME
    host: process.env.DB_HOST
    password: process.env.DB_PASSWORD
  },
  baseUrl: process.env.BASE_URL
}

to get up and running quickly with a verified config file, you can replace the above with something like this:

const { strictVerify } = require('env-verifier')

//throws on one or more env misses
module.exports = strictVerify({
  database: {
    name: 'DB_NAME',
    host: 'DB_HOST',
    password: 'DB_PASSWORD'
  },
  baseUrl: 'BASE_URL'
})

This package exposes two verification functions - verify and strictVerify. Use verify (as seen below) when you want to handle reporting missing values, and strictVerify (as seen above) when you want, when any env misses are encountered, a descriptive error containing all env misses to be thrown.

Use example for verify:

const { verify } = require('env-verifier')

const { config, missingValues } = verify({
  database: {
    name: 'DB_NAME'
    host: 'DB_HOST'
    password: 'DB_PASSWORD'
  },
  baseUrl: 'BASE_URL'
})

// do custom error logging, possibly throw your own errors
missingValues.forEach(
  ({ envKey, path }) => console.log(`missing env variable: ${envKey} from config at path: ${path}`)
)

module.exports = config

You can pass in your own env object as a parameter as long as its an object that is non-nested and has key value pairs with undefined or string as their value type.

---

Usage Notes

• Function Parameters and Return Types
• Processing Missing Values
• Arbitrary Value Insertion
• Secret Insertion
• Error Generation and Reporting
• Variable Transformation
• Dynamic Typings
• env-verifier vs convict

Function Parameters and Return Types

verify

export function insert<T>(value: T) => Insert<T> // see `Arbitrary Value Insertion` documentation

export function secret(envKey: string) => Secret // see `Secret Insertion` documentation

export function transform<T>(envKey: string, transformFn: (envValue: string) => T) => T // see `Variable Transformation` documentation

export function transformFP<T>(transformFn: (envValue: string) => T, envKey: string) => T
export function transformFP<T>(transformFn: (envValue: string) => T) => ((envKey: string) => T) // see `Variable Transformation` documentation

export type TransformTuple = [string, (envValue: string) => any]

// Type given as example only, the real type is a bit more complex
export type ConfigWithEnvKeys<T> = {
  [P in keyof T]: string | TransformTuple | ReturnType<typeof insert> | ReturnType<typeof secret> | ConfigWithEnvKeys<T[P]>
}

// Type given as example only, the real type is a bit more complex
export type MappedConfig<T> = {
  [P in keyof T]: string | null | ReturnType<typeof secret> | MappedConfig<T[P]> | any // ie: return type of `insert` or `TransformTuple` function
}

export type MissingValue = {
  path: string
  envKey: string
}

export function verify<T>(
  config: ConfigWithEnvKeys<T>
  env: { [key: string]: string | undefined } = process.env
): {
  config: MappedConfig<T>,
  missingValues: MissingValue[],
  missingValueMessages: string[],

  /**
   * @deprecated Please use missingValueMessages
  */
  errors: string[]
}

strictVerify

export function insert<T extends any>(value: T) => Insert<T> // see `Arbitrary Value Insertion` documentation

export function secret(envKey: string) => Secret // see `Secret Insertion` documentation

export type TransformTuple = [string, (envValue: string) => any]

// Type given as example only, the real type is a bit more complex
export type ConfigWithEnvKeys<T> = {
  [P in keyof T]: string | TransformTuple | ReturnType<typeof insert> | ReturnType<typeof secret> | ConfigWithEnvKeys<T[P]>
}

// Type given as example only, the real type is a bit more complex
// Similar to MappedConfig<T>, but does not contain nulls (except for as returned by `TransformTuple` functions or `insert` calls)
export type VerifiedConfig<T> = {
  [P in keyof T]: string | ReturnType<typeof secret> | VerifiedConfig<T[P]> | any // ie: return type of `insert` or `TransformTuple` function
}

export function strictVerify<T>(
  config: ConfigWithEnvKeys<T>
  env: { [key: string]: string | undefined } = process.env
): VerifiedConfig<T>

Processing Missing Values

An array of objects of type MissingValue is returned from the verify function.

type MissingValue = {
  path: string
  envKey: string
}

envKey

The key of the missing env value.

path

The path in the config argument to the missing env variable. Example:

import { verify } from 'env-verifier'

const config = {
  db: {
    password: 'DB_PASSWORD'
  }
}

const env = {
  DB_PASSWORD: undefined
}

const result = verify(config, env)

console.log(result.missingValues)
// results in:
// [{ path: 'db.password', envKey: 'DB_PASSWORD' }]

Arbitrary Value Insertion

You may have values that aren't present on your env object, but that you would like to live in your config object, this can be achieved by using the insert() function.

const { verify, insert } = require('env-verifier')

module.exports = verify({
  appName: insert('my_app')
  ... // other env key names
}).config

//exports:
{
  appName: 'my_app'
  ... // other env values
}

Secret Insertion

As of env-verifier version 1.2.0, the obfuscation of env secrets is supported.

by wrapping the env key of the secret in the secret function exported by env-verifier, the secret will be retrieved and wrapped in a Secret object (see function specification above).

Note: support for transforming or inserting secrets is not supported at this time.

To retrieve the secret, the reveal function can be called.

What secret obfuscation will do:

• protect secrets from casual logging of the produced config object
• JSON.stringify of the config object will replace all secrets with the string '[secret]'

What secret obfuscation will not do:

• prevent the actually logging of the revealed secret
• mutate the actual string returned from the env object

const { verify, secret } = require('env-verifier')

const env = {
  PASSWORD: 'superSecretPassword'
}

const { config } = verify({
  password: secret('PASSWORD')
  ... // other env key names
}, env)

module.exports = config

//exports:
{
  password: {
    reveal(): string
  }
  ... // other env values
}

config.password.reveal()
// returns:
'superSecretPassword'

console.log(config)
// prints: 
// {
     // if you're using nodejs:
//   password: [secret]
     // if you're using other JS environments:
//   password: Secret { reveal: [Function] }
//   ... other env values
// }

JSON.stringify(config)
// returns
// {
//   "password": "[secret]"
//   ... other env values
// }

Error Generation and Reporting

Error reports are generated when an env variable is missing. An env variable is considered missing under the following circumstances:

• undefined is returned from the env object.
• an empty string, '', is returned from the env object. (useful for development with Docker)

verify will always return an array of MissingValues, which will be empty if there are no env misses.

strictVerify will evaluate the entire config object before throwing any errors in order to report all missing env variables

Variable Transformation

Since env-verifier only takes environment key-value pair objects that have strings as the values, its sometimes necessary to transform those strings into something else (IE: transform the string "true" to a boolean true)

This can be done in two ways:

1. By passing in an array (called a TransformTuple in this context) containing the env variable name, and the function that you would like to use to transform the env variable value
2. By calling the transform function which takes the env variable name and the transformer function.

Here is an example for both:

const config = {
  useNewFeature: ['USE_NEW_FEATURE', trueOrFalse => trueOrFalse === 'true'], // results a boolean
  serverHosts: ['SERVER_HOSTS', csvString => csvString.split(',')] // results in a string array
  buildDate: transform('BUILD_DATE', dateString => new Date(dateString)) // results in a `Date` object
  ... //other env variables
}

module.exports = verify(config)

Functions passed to either transform or given in a TransformTuple will not be run if its corresponding env value is missing.

A transformFP function is also provided that accepts the transforming function first and will return a partially applied function if an environment key string is not supplied:

import { transformFP, verify } from 'env-verifier'

const parseBoolean = transformFP(trueOrFalse => trueOrFalse === 'true')

export const config = verify({
  useNewFeature: parseBoolean('USE_NEW_FEATURE'), // results in a boolean value
  hosts: transformFP(csvList => csvList.split(','), 'HOSTS') // results in a string array
  ... other values
})

Dynamic Typings

---

Important

As of v1.4.0, env-verifier should now be able to correctly and dynamically infer the return types of both verify and strictVerify without any extra help. the below is only valid for versions that pre-date v1.4.0

---

env-verifier tries to give typescript typings for the config object that it returns, but needs a little help to get the correct types

If you are using TypeScript, you can do the following:

const config: {
  a: 'A',
  b: insert([1, 2])
  c: {
    d: ['A', (envValue) => ([envValue])]
  }
}

const verifiedConfig = strictVerify(config)
// pre-v1.4.0 typings:
// typeof verifiedConfig = {
//   a: VerifiedConfig<unknown>
//   b: VerifiedConfig<unknown>
//   c: VerifiedConfig<unknown>
// }

// add typeof config object
const verifiedConfig = strictVerify<typeof config>(config)
// better typings:
// typeof verifiedConfig = {
//   a: string,
//   b: number[],
//   c: {
//     d: (string | (envVerify: any) => any)
//   }
// }

// cast TransformTuple types correctly
const config = {
  a: 'A',
  b: insert([1, 2])
  c: {
    d: ['A', (envValue) => ([envValue])] as TransformTuple<string>
  }
}

const verifiedConfig = strictVerify<typeof config>(config)
// best typings:
// typeof verifiedConfig = {
//   a: string,
//   b: number[],
//   c: {
//     d: string
//   }
// }

env-verifier vs convict

Mozilla produces the excellent convict package that does most (if not all) of the same things that this package does. Here are a quick list of comparisons between the two:

Feature	env-verifier	convict
Config Merging	⚠️	✔️
Nested Structures	✔️	✔️
Environmental Variables	✔️	✔️
Command-line arguments	❌	✔️
Validation	✔️	✔️
Secret Obfuscation	✔️	✔️

convict does more than what's included on the above list, and certainly more than env-verifier can do; so, it may be the correct choice for your project, especially if your project is a large one with many different/changing contributors.

However env-verifier excels in the following:

• Simplicity: Does one thing, and does it well
• Size: ~8kb packed, ~18kb unpacked, 4 source files total
• No production dependencies

Prerequisites

This package is written in [email protected] and is built/distributed for environments that support the majority of the es2016 specification.

This package also works best with projects that have centralized config files, IE: You map your .env variables to a config object in a file, and import/require that config object wherever you need .env values.

Other than that, just install the package and get going!

One of these:

npm install env-verifier

And one of these:

const { verify, strictVerify } = require('env-verifier')

And you're all set.

Testing

After you've ran npm install, just run npm test.

We use jest as our testing framework.

Contributing

Please read CONTRIBUTING.md for details on our code of conduct, and the process for submitting pull requests to us.

Versioning

We use SemVer for versioning. For the versions available, see the tags on this repository.

Authors

• Snugbear - Initial work

See also the list of contributors who participated in this project.

License

This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE file for details.