This is my fifth or sixth attempt at doing the Bowling Game kata using TDD. In previous attempts, after the first couple of tests, i would throw caution to the wind and create the Frame class with major refactoring This time, after re-reading the Transformation Priority Premise and the word-wrap kata, I set out again, expecting to get to the same design and instead found all tests passing with far less complexity. There are four different Iterations: BowlingGameI0: return 0 (constant) BowlingGameI1: return sum of rolls (variable) BowlingGameI2: sum of rolls with spare logic (conditional) BowlingGameI3: sum of rolls with spare logic and strike logic (extra conditional) At this point, all tests pass, and other than any desired refactoring, nothing needs to be done