feat:created README.md file for best security practices react #69
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Siddharth9890
requested review from
ulises-jeremias and
rpmolina
as code owners
WalkthroughThis pull request introduces a comprehensive guide on React security best practices. It covers a wide range of topics from XSS prevention, URL validation, HTML sanitization, DOM access avoidance, server-side rendering security, dependency vulnerability checks, JSON injection attack prevention, to the use of non-vulnerable React versions and linter configurations. Changes
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Review Status
Actionable comments generated: 8
Files selected for processing (1)
- examples/react-security-best-practices/README.md (1 hunks)
Additional comments (Suppressed): 2
examples/react-security-best-practices/README.md (2)
91-91: The code snippet provided here is a duplicate of the one provided at lines 74-76. Consider removing this duplicate to avoid redundancy.
131-131: The link provided for the ESLint React security config seems to be broken or non-existent. Please verify and provide the correct link.
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| ### How to prevent XSS attacks? | ||
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| Use default data binding with curly braces `` {} `` and React will automatically escape values to protect against XSS attacks. Note that this protection only occurs when rendering textContent and not when rendering HTML attributes. |
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The statement "React will automatically escape values to protect against XSS attacks" is partially correct. While React does escape values when rendering text content, it doesn't do so for HTML attributes or JSX properties. This could lead to potential security vulnerabilities if not handled correctly. Consider clarifying this point in your guide.
| ``` | ||
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| function validateURL(url) { | ||
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| const parsed = new URL(url) | ||
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| return ['https:', 'http:'].includes(parsed.protocol) | ||
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| } | ||
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| <a href={validateURL(url) ? url : ''}>Click here!</a> | ||
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| ``` |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
This code snippet has a potential issue. The validateURL function returns a boolean value indicating whether the URL's protocol is either 'http:' or 'https:'. However, in the anchor tag, you're using this boolean value directly as the href attribute if the URL is valid. This would result in the href being set to 'true' or 'false', which is not the intended behavior. Instead, you should use the original URL if it's valid, and fallback to an empty string or some default URL if it's not.
- <a href={validateURL(url) ? url : ''}>Click here!</a>
+ <a href={validateURL(url) ? url : '#'}>Click here!</a>| One of the was to do XSS attacks is by possbily inserting HTML directly into rendered DOM nodes using dangerouslySetInnerHTML. Any content inserted this way must be sanitized beforehand. Use a sanitization library like **dompurify** on any values before placing them into the dangerouslySetInnerHTML prop. | ||
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The phrase "One of the was to do XSS attacks" seems to have a typo. It should probably be "One of the ways to do XSS attacks". Please correct this to improve readability.
| ## Avoid Direct DOM Access | ||
| Always avoid accessing the DOM to inject content into DOM nodes directly. But if you do have to, use `dangerouslySetInnerHTML` to inject HTML and sanitize it before injecting it using **dompurify**. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The statement "Always avoid accessing the DOM to inject content into DOM nodes directly" might be misleading. Direct DOM manipulation is sometimes necessary, especially when integrating with third-party libraries or for performance optimization. However, it's true that in most cases, especially when dealing with user-generated content, it's safer to let React handle the DOM updates. Consider rephrasing this sentence to make it more accurate.
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| Some versions of third-party components might contain JavaScript security issues. Always check your dependencies with a software composition analysis (SCA) tool before adding them to a project, and be sure to update when a newer version becomes available. The following ones are recommended to check for vulnerabilities | ||
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| - [Synk](https://app.snyk.io/login) | ||
| - [Github dependabot](https://github.com/dependabot) | ||
| - [Sonar Qube](https://www.sonarsource.com/products/sonarqube/) | ||
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There was a problem hiding this comment.
It's great that you're recommending tools for checking known vulnerabilities in dependencies. However, the link provided for Synk seems to be incorrect. It should be Snyk, not Synk. Please correct this.
- - [Synk](https://app.snyk.io/login)
+ - [Snyk](https://snyk.io/)|
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| For example: | ||
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| `` window.__PRELOADED_STATE__ = ${JSON.stringify(preloadedState).replace( /</g, '\\u003c')} `` |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The code snippet provided here is a good example of how to prevent JSON injection attacks. However, it would be helpful to provide some context or explanation about why replacing < characters with \u003c can help prevent these types of attacks.
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| The React library has had a few [high severity vulnerabilities](https://snyk.io/vuln/npm:react/) in the past, so it is a good idea to stay up to date with the latest version. | ||
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| Avoid vulnerable versions of the `react` and `react-dom` by verifying that you are on the latest version using npm outdated to see the latest versions. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The command npm outdated is mentioned here but it might be useful to show an example of how to use it to check for outdated packages. This could help readers who are not familiar with this command.
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| Avoid libraries that do use `dangerouslySetInnerHTML`, `innerHTML`, unvalidated URLs or other unsafe patterns. Use security linters on your `node_modules` folder to detect unsafe patterns in your library code. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The statement "Avoid libraries that do use dangerouslySetInnerHTML, innerHTML, unvalidated URLs or other unsafe patterns" might be too broad. While it's true that these features can lead to security vulnerabilities if misused, they are sometimes necessary and can be used safely with proper precautions. Consider rephrasing this sentence to make it more accurate.
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@Siddharth9890 this is a great contribution! I'll wait until you apply the suggestions made by @coderabbutai and then I'll take another look 😊
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Review Status
Actionable comments generated: 7
Files selected for processing (1)
- examples/react-security-best-practices/README.md (1 hunks)
Additional comments (Suppressed): 3
examples/react-security-best-practices/README.md (3)
176-190: The advice to check for known vulnerabilities in dependencies is crucial. The tools recommended are appropriate and widely used in the industry.
211-223: The advice to use non-vulnerable versions of React is important. The
npm outdatedcommand is a useful tool for checking outdated packages.225-237: The recommendation to use linter configurations and plugins to automatically detect security issues is excellent. It's also great to see the suggestion to use a pre-commit hook to fail when security-related linter issues are detected.
| ## Use Default XSS Protection with Data Binding 🚀 | ||
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| ### Firstly what is XSS? | ||
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| XSS, or Cross-Site Scripting, is a type of security vulnerability that can occur in any web applications. XSS happens when an application allows untrusted data to be included in web pages that are then viewed by other users. This can lead to malicious code execution in the context of a user's browser, potentially compromising the security and privacy of that user. | ||
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| So basically it happens when we render user generated data directly in DOM without proper sanitization. | ||
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| ### How to prevent XSS attacks? | ||
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| Use default data binding with curly braces `` {} `` and React will automatically escape values to protect against XSS attacks. Note that this protection only occurs when rendering textContent and not when rendering HTML attributes. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The section on XSS protection is well explained. However, it would be beneficial to mention that while React's default data binding provides some level of protection against XSS attacks, it does not cover all cases. For instance, it doesn't protect against XSS when using dangerouslySetInnerHTML or when attributes are being set dynamically. This could lead developers into a false sense of security.
| ## Watch Out for Dangerous URLs and URL-Based Script Injection | ||
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| URLs can contain dynamic script content via javascript: protocol URLs. Use validation to assure your links are http: or https: to avoid javascript: URL-based script injection. Achieve URL validation using a native URL parsing function then match the parsed protocol property to an allow list. | ||
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| For example:- | ||
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| function validateURL(url) { | ||
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| return ['https:', 'http:'].includes(parsed.protocol) |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
This section correctly highlights the dangers of URL-based script injection and provides a good example of how to validate URLs. However, it might be worth mentioning that this validation should be done server-side as well, as client-side JavaScript can be tampered with by an attacker.
| ## Sanitize and Render HTML | ||
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| One of the ways to do XSS attacks is by possbily inserting HTML directly into rendered DOM nodes using dangerouslySetInnerHTML. Any content inserted this way must be sanitized beforehand. Use a sanitization library like **dompurify** on any values before placing them into the dangerouslySetInnerHTML prop. | ||
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| Use **dompurify** when inserting HTML into the DOM. | ||
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| ``` | ||
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| import purify from "dompurify"; | ||
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| <div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html:purify.sanitize(data) }} /> | ||
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| ``` |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The section on sanitizing and rendering HTML is clear and concise. It correctly advises the use of a sanitization library like dompurify when using dangerouslySetInnerHTML. However, it would be helpful to also mention that even with sanitization, dangerouslySetInnerHTML should be used sparingly and only when absolutely necessary, as it increases the risk of XSS attacks.
| ## Avoid Direct DOM Access | ||
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| Always avoid accessing the DOM to inject content into DOM nodes directly. But if you do have to, use `dangerouslySetInnerHTML` to inject HTML and sanitize it before injecting it using **dompurify**. | ||
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There was a problem hiding this comment.
This section correctly advises against direct DOM access. However, it might be useful to explain why direct DOM access is discouraged in React (e.g., it breaks the unidirectional data flow model of React, can lead to unexpected behavior, etc.).
| ## Secure React server-side rendering | ||
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| Data binding will provide automatic content escaping when using server-side rendering functions like `ReactDOMServer.renderToString()` and `ReactDOMServer.renderToStaticMarkup()`. | ||
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| Avoid concatenating strings onto the output of `renderToStaticMarkup()` before sending the strings to the client for hydration. | ||
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| To avoid XSS, don’t concatenate unsanitized data with the output of `renderToStaticMarkup()` |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The section on securing server-side rendering is accurate and important. It might be worth expanding on why concatenating unsanitized data with the output of renderToStaticMarkup() can lead to XSS attacks.
| ## Avoid JSON Injection Attacks | ||
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| It is common to send JSON data along with server-side rendered React pages. Always escape `<` characters with a benign value to avoid injection attacks. | ||
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| Always escape HTML significant values from JSON with benign equivalent characters. | ||
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| For example: | ||
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| `` window.__PRELOADED_STATE__ = ${JSON.stringify(preloadedState).replace( /</g, '\\u003c')} `` | ||
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| Here replacing the `<` character with `\u003c` is a security measure to ensure that potentially malicious data included in JSON does not have unintended consequences when rendered in HTML context. It's a part of a broader strategy to protect against JSON injection and XSS attacks by properly escaping and validating data. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The section on avoiding JSON Injection Attacks is well written and provides a good example of how to escape potentially harmful characters in JSON data. However, it might be worth mentioning that this is just one part of a broader strategy to protect against JSON injection and XSS attacks by properly escaping and validating data.
| ## Avoid dangerous library code | ||
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| Library code is often used to perform dangerous operations like directly inserting HTML into the DOM. Review library code manually or with linters to detect unsafe usage of React’s security mechanisms. | ||
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| Consider the use of libraries with a caution that do use `dangerouslySetInnerHTML`, `innerHTML`, unvalidated URLs or other unsafe patterns. Use security linters on your `node_modules` folder to detect unsafe patterns in your library code. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The section on avoiding dangerous library code correctly highlights the risks associated with using libraries that perform unsafe operations. However, it would be beneficial to provide some examples of what these "unsafe patterns" might look like.
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Review Status
Actionable comments generated: 8
Files selected for processing (1)
- examples/react-security-best-practices/README.md (1 hunks)
Additional comments (Suppressed): 2
examples/react-security-best-practices/README.md (2)
204-220: This section does a great job explaining why direct DOM access is discouraged in React. It covers all the main points including breaking unidirectional data flow, inefficiency, security concerns, and maintenance challenges. The explanations are clear and concise.
306-332: This section does a good job explaining JSON injection attacks and how to prevent them by escaping certain characters in JSON data. The provided example clearly demonstrates how to implement this security measure.
| ## Use Default XSS Protection with Data Binding 🚀 | ||
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| ### Firstly what is XSS? | ||
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| XSS, or Cross-Site Scripting, is a type of security vulnerability that can occur in any web applications. XSS happens when an application allows untrusted data to be included in web pages that are then viewed by other users. This can lead to malicious code execution in the context of a user's browser, potentially compromising the security and privacy of that user. | ||
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| So basically it happens when we render user generated data directly in DOM without proper sanitization. | ||
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| ### How to prevent XSS attacks? | ||
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| Use default data binding with curly braces `` {} `` and React will automatically escape values to protect against XSS attacks. Note that this protection only occurs when rendering textContent and not when rendering HTML attributes. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The section on XSS protection is well written and provides a good explanation of what XSS is and how to prevent it in React. However, it would be beneficial to include an example of how XSS might occur when rendering HTML attributes, as mentioned in line 50. This would provide a clearer understanding for readers who are not familiar with this concept.
| ## Watch Out for Dangerous URLs and URL-Based Script Injection | ||
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| URLs can contain dynamic script content via javascript: protocol URLs. Use validation to assure your links are http: or https: to avoid javascript: URL-based script injection. Achieve URL validation using a native URL parsing function then match the parsed protocol property to an allow list. | ||
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| ``` | ||
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| function validateURL(url) { | ||
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| return ['https:', 'http:'].includes(parsed.protocol) | ||
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| } |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
This section does a good job explaining the dangers of URL-based script injection and how to prevent it. However, there's a potential issue in the validateURL function. If the URL is invalid or malformed, the new URL(url) constructor will throw an error which isn't currently being handled. Consider adding error handling to this function.
function validateURL(url) {
+ try {
const parsed = new URL(url)
return ['https:', 'http:'].includes(parsed.protocol)
+ } catch (error) {
+ console.error(`Invalid URL: ${url}`)
+ return false
+ }
}| ## Sanitize and Render HTML | ||
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| One of the ways to do XSS attacks is by possbily inserting HTML directly into rendered DOM nodes using dangerouslySetInnerHTML. Any content inserted this way must be sanitized beforehand. Use a sanitization library like **dompurify** on any values before placing them into the dangerouslySetInnerHTML prop. | ||
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| Use **dompurify** when inserting HTML into the DOM. | ||
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| <div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html:purify.sanitize(data) }} /> | ||
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| ``` | ||
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There was a problem hiding this comment.
The section about sanitizing and rendering HTML correctly identifies the risks associated with using dangerouslySetInnerHTML and recommends using a library like dompurify to sanitize data. However, it would be helpful to mention that even sanitized data can still pose risks if not used carefully, and that dangerouslySetInnerHTML should be avoided whenever possible.
| ## Secure React server-side rendering | ||
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| Data binding will provide automatic content escaping when using server-side rendering functions like `ReactDOMServer.renderToString()` and `ReactDOMServer.renderToStaticMarkup()`. | ||
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| Avoid concatenating strings onto the output of `renderToStaticMarkup()` before sending the strings to the client for hydration. | ||
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| To avoid XSS, don’t concatenate unsanitized data with the output of `renderToStaticMarkup()` | ||
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| **Why Concatenating Unsanitized Data with `renderToStaticMarkup()` Output is Risky for XSS Attacks:** | ||
| 1. **Injection of Malicious Code**: If you concatenate unsanitized or untrusted data directly into the HTML generated by `renderToStaticMarkup()`, you open up the possibility of injecting malicious code, such as JavaScript, into your rendered HTML. Attackers can craft payloads that include script tags or other HTML elements, and if these payloads are included in your page, they can execute arbitrary code in the context of your web application. | ||
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| 2. **XSS Attack Surface**: By not properly sanitizing or escaping user-generated data, you create an XSS attack surface. Attackers can exploit this surface to inject scripts that steal user data, perform actions on behalf of users, or otherwise compromise the security and integrity of your application. | ||
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| 3. **Browser Security Context**: When a browser encounters unsanitized data in your HTML, it interprets it as code to execute, not as plain text. This behavior is what makes XSS attacks possible. Properly escaping or sanitizing data ensures that it is treated as data and not executable code. | ||
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There was a problem hiding this comment.
The section on securing server-side rendering provides important information about avoiding XSS attacks by not concatenating unsanitized data with the output of renderToStaticMarkup(). However, it would be beneficial to include an example demonstrating the correct and incorrect way to use renderToStaticMarkup().
| ## Check for Known Vulnerabilities in Dependencies | ||
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| Some versions of third-party components might contain JavaScript security issues. Always check your dependencies with a software composition analysis (SCA) tool before adding them to a project, and be sure to update when a newer version becomes available. The following ones are recommended to check for vulnerabilities | ||
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| - [Snyk](https://snyk.io/) | ||
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| - [Github dependabot](https://github.com/dependabot) | ||
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| - [Sonar Qube](https://www.sonarsource.com/products/sonarqube/) | ||
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| ## Avoid JSON Injection Attacks |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The section on checking for known vulnerabilities in dependencies is well written. It provides useful tools for checking dependencies and explains why this is important. However, it might be helpful to provide a brief example or step-by-step guide on how to use one of these tools.
| ## Use non-vulnerable versions of React | ||
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| The React library has had a few [high severity vulnerabilities](https://snyk.io/vuln/npm:react/) in the past, so it is a good idea to stay up to date with the latest version. | ||
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| Avoid vulnerable versions of the `react` and `react-dom` by verifying that you are on the latest version using `npm outdated` to see the latest versions.See how to use this command below | ||
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| Navigate to your code directory first and then run | ||
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| `npm outdated` | ||
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| It will show all the outdated packages in a tabular format. | ||
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There was a problem hiding this comment.
The section on using non-vulnerable versions of React is informative and provides a practical command (npm outdated) to check for outdated packages. However, it would be helpful to also mention that developers should regularly update all their dependencies, not just React, to ensure they are using secure versions.
| ## Use linter configurations | ||
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| Install linter configurations and plugins that will automatically detect security issues in your code and offer remediation advice. | ||
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| Use the [ESLint React security config](https://github.com/snyk-labs/eslint-config-react-security/) to detect security issues in our code base. | ||
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| Configure a pre-commit hook that fails when security-related linter issues are detected using a library like [husky](https://github.com/typicode/husky). | ||
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| ## Avoid dangerous library code |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The section on using linter configurations is well written and provides useful resources for setting up linters to detect security issues. However, it would be beneficial to provide a brief example or step-by-step guide on how to set up a pre-commit hook with husky.
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| Library code is often used to perform dangerous operations like directly inserting HTML into the DOM. Review library code manually or with linters to detect unsafe usage of React’s security mechanisms. | ||
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| Consider the use of libraries with a caution that do use `dangerouslySetInnerHTML`, `innerHTML`, unvalidated URLs or other unsafe patterns. Use security linters on your `node_modules` folder to detect unsafe patterns in your library code. | ||
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The section on avoiding dangerous library code correctly identifies potential risks associated with certain libraries and recommends reviewing library code manually or with linters. However, it would be helpful to provide examples of what unsafe patterns to look for when reviewing library code.
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@ulises-jeremias hey man are you sure about this code rabbit ai because the thing is it is suggesting the changes but firstly the readme is getting too big for the end user to read and secondly now it is suggesting things which should not be there like how to update outdated packages. I believe this should provide a short summary not a 10 page long file to read |
Yeah, you are right. You can ignore those suggestions 👌 I'll run the CI now and then I'll do another review |
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Review Status
Actionable comments generated: 1
Files selected for processing (1)
- examples/react-security-best-practices/README.md (1 hunks)
Additional comments (Suppressed): 11
examples/react-security-best-practices/README.md (11)
17-21: The explanation of how to prevent XSS attacks is clear and concise. The use of default data binding with curly braces
{}in React for automatic escaping of values is a good practice.27-29: This section correctly highlights the limitations of React's default XSS protection, specifically mentioning
dangerouslySetInnerHTMLand dynamic attribute values as potential sources of vulnerabilities. It's important to note that developers are responsible for ensuring the safety of these features.65-69: The use of
dompurifyto sanitize data before usingdangerouslySetInnerHTMLis a good practice to prevent XSS attacks. However, it's important to remember that this should only be used when absolutely necessary, as mentioned in line 70.78-85: The explanation of why direct DOM access is discouraged in React is comprehensive and accurate. It covers the main reasons including breaking unidirectional data flow, inefficiency, security concerns, and maintenance challenges.
91-95: This code snippet repeats the same example given in lines 65-69. It would be better to provide a different example or remove this duplicate to avoid confusion.
- import purify from "dompurify"; - - <div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{__html:purify.sanitize(data) }} />
106-110: The risks associated with concatenating unsanitized data with
renderToStaticMarkup()output are well explained. This section correctly highlights the potential for injection of malicious code, XSS attack surface, and browser security context issues.114-120: The recommendation to use software composition analysis (SCA) tools like Snyk, Github dependabot, and Sonar Qube to check for known vulnerabilities in dependencies is a good practice for maintaining secure applications.
130-132: The advice to escape
<characters in JSON data to prevent injection attacks is a good security measure. The provided example clearly demonstrates how to implement this.136-144: The suggestion to use non-vulnerable versions of React and to check for outdated packages using
npm outdatedis a good practice for maintaining secure applications.148-152: The recommendation to use linter configurations and pre-commit hooks to automatically detect and fix security issues is a good practice for maintaining secure applications.
156-158: The caution against dangerous library code and the suggestion to use security linters on the
node_modulesfolder are good practices for maintaining secure applications.
| function validateURL(url) { | ||
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| const parsed = new URL(url) | ||
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| return ['https:', 'http:'].includes(parsed.protocol) | ||
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| <a href={validateURL(url) ? url : '#'}>Click here!</a> | ||
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| ``` |
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The function validateURL(url) is a good example of how to validate URLs to prevent script injection. However, it would be better to throw an error or return a default safe URL when the input URL is invalid, rather than just returning a boolean. This way, the function can be used directly in the href attribute without additional checks.
- function validateURL(url) {
- const parsed = new URL(url)
- return ['https:', 'http:'].includes(parsed.protocol)
- }
- <a href={validateURL(url) ? url : '#'}>Click here!</a>
+ function validateURL(url) {
+ try {
+ const parsed = new URL(url)
+ if (['https:', 'http:'].includes(parsed.protocol)) {
+ return url;
+ } else {
+ throw new Error('Invalid URL protocol');
+ }
+ } catch (error) {
+ console.error(error);
+ return '#'; // Default safe URL
+ }
+ }
+ <a href={validateURL(url)}>Click here!</a>There was a problem hiding this comment.
@ulises-jeremias Understood, I will disregard the previous comment. If you have any other requests or need further assistance, feel free to ask.
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@Siddharth9890 I'll pause coderabbit right now. You can focus on just fixing the issues from markdownlint and then I'll approve the PR and merge it 😊 feel free to reach out if you have any question @coderabbitai pause |
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@Siddharth9890 all checks passed! thank you very much for your contribution! you have done a great work on this! 🔥
…s#69) * feat:created README.md file for best security practices react * chore:improve suggestions suggested by coderabbit * chore:improve suggestions suggested by coderabbit nanlabs#2 * chore:removed extra spaces * chore: removed leading and trailing spaces * chore:linting changes for code * chore:hopefully final fixes for linting
What's this PR do?
Create a Readme file for issue #67
It gives the end user a idea about how to secure they react applications.
@ulises-jeremias @rpmolina
Summary by CodeRabbit