PipeCNN is an OpenCL-based FPGA Accelerator for Large-Scale Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). There is a growing trend among the FPGA community to utilize High Level Synthesis (HLS) tools to design and implement customized circuits on FPGAs. Compared with RTL-based design methodology, the HLS tools provide faster hardware development cycle by automatically synthesizing an algorithm in high-level languages (e.g. C/C++) to RTL/hardware. OpenCL™ is an open, emergying cross-platform parallel programming language that can be used in both GPU and FPGA developments. The main goal of this project is to provide a generic, yet efficient OpenCL-based design of CNN accelerator on FPGAs. PipeCNN utilizes Pipelined CNN functional kernels to achieved improved throughput in inference computation. Our design is scalable both in performance and hardware resource, and thus can be deployed on a variety of FPGA platforms.
First, download the pre-trained CNN models, input test vectors and golden reference files from PipeCNN's own ModelZoo. Place the data in the correct folder. Then, compile the project by using the Makefile provided. After finishing the compilation, simply type the following command to run PipeCNN:
./run.exe conv.aocx
The ModelZoo now provides pre-quantized model for the following networks:
- CaffeNet(AlexNet)
- VGG-16
- ResNet-50
For more detailed instructions, please check out the User Instructions.
Currently, we are using Intel's OpenCL SDK v18.1 toolset for compilation of the OpenCL code and implementation of the generated RTL on Intel's FPGAs. The following boards have been tested working:
- Terasic's DE5-net (Stratix-V A7 FPGA)
- Terasic's DE10-standard (Cyclone-V SXC6 FPGA)
For Xilinx, our fpga boards were no longer supported by the latest SDAccel tool, so the scripts and codes are provided as is, and there is no guarantee that the code could be successfully compiled.
Now you can run classification on the ImageNet dataset by using PipeCNN, and measure the top-1/5 accuracy for different CNN models.
To run this demo, first, set USE_OPENCV = 1 in the Makefile. Secondly, download the ImageNet validation dataset, extract and place all the pictures in the "/data" folder. Rename the variable "picture_file_path_head" in the host file to indicate the correct image data set path. Finally, recompile the host program and run PipeCNN.
The following piture shows that the demo runs on our own computer with the DE5-net board.
It's been four years since the release of the this project. Deep Learning Architecture (DLA) is constantly evolving, and lots of new techniques have been invented to improve the efficiency of DLA. The performance of PipeCNN is no longer comparable to the state-of-the-art designs. Therefore, the current goal of this project is to provide a complete design that can be used to learn DLA and try out new ideas.
This following table lists the performance and cost information on some of the boards we used as a reference. For each FPGA device, one needs to perform design space exploration (with hardware parameters VEC_SIZE, LANE_NUM and CONV_GP_SIZE_X) to find the optimal design that maximizes the throughput or minimizes the excution time. Suggested hardware parameters for the above boards are summarized here. Since we are constantly optimzing the design and updating the codes, the performance data in the following table might be out-dated, and please use the latest version to get the exect data. We welcome other vendors/researches to provide the latest performance and cost information on other FPGA platforms/boards.
| Boards | Excution Time* | Batch Size | DSP Consumed | Frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1-standard | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| DE5-net | 15ms | 16 | 228 | 206MHz |
*Note: AlexNet was used as the benchmark. Image size is 227x227x3.
Please kindly cite our work of PipeCNN if it helped your research:
Dong Wang, Ke Xu and Diankun Jiang, “PipeCNN: An OpenCL-Based Open-Source FPGA Accelerator for Convolution Neural Networks”, FPT 2017.
Architectural and algorithm level optimizations can be conducted to further improve the performance of PipeCNN. We list a few latest research achievements that are based on PipeCNN for reference:
- Improving the throughput by introducing a new opencl-friendly sparse-convolution algorithm
Dong Wang, Ke Xu, Qun Jia and Soheil Ghiasi, “ABM-SpConv: A Novel Approach to FPGA-Based Acceleration of Convolutional Neural Network Inference”, DAC 2019.
The following people have also contributed to this project:
Diankun Jiang, Ke Xu, Qun Jia, Jianjing An, Xiaoyun Wang, Shihang Fu, Zhihong Bai.
There are other FPGA accelerators that also adopt HLS-based design scheme. Some brilliant works are listed as follow. Note that PipeCNN is the first, and only one that is Open-Source （￣︶￣）↗
- U. Aydonat, S. O'Connell, D. Capalija, A. C. Ling, and G. R. Chiu. "An OpenCL™ Deep Learning Accelerator on Arria 10," in Proc. FPGA 2017.
- N. Suda, V. Chandra, G. Dasika, A. Mohanty, Y. F. Ma, S. Vrudhula, J. S. Seo, and Y. Cao, "Throughput-Optimized OpenCL-based FPGA accelerator for large-scale convolutional neural networks," in Proc. FPGA 2016.
- C. Zhang, P. Li, G. Sun, Y. Guan, B. J. Xiao, and J. Cong, "Optimizing FPGA-based accelerator design for deep convolutional neural networks," in Proc. FPGA 2015.