C# 12 goodies

build/Build.cs

@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ partial class Build : NukeBuild
 
     string VipsVersion => Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("VIPS_VERSION");
 
-    string[] NuGetArchitectures => new[]
-    {
+    string[] NuGetArchitectures =>
+    [
         "win-x64",
         "win-x86",
         "win-arm64",
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ partial class Build : NukeBuild
         "linux-arm64",
         "osx-x64",
         "osx-arm64"
-    };
+    ];
 
     protected override void OnBuildInitialized()
     {

build/common.props

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
     <CLSCompliant>false</CLSCompliant>
     <ComVisible>false</ComVisible>
 
-    <LangVersion>11</LangVersion>
+    <LangVersion>12</LangVersion>
 
     <Major>2</Major>
     <Minor>4</Minor>

samples/NetVips.Samples/Program.cs

@@ -8,11 +8,13 @@ namespace NetVips;
 
 internal class Program
 {
-    private static readonly List<ISample> Samples = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetTypes()
-        .Where(x => x.GetInterfaces().Contains(typeof(ISample)) && x.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes) != null)
-        .Select(x => Activator.CreateInstance(x) as ISample)
-        .OrderBy(s => s?.Category)
-        .ToList();
+    private static readonly List<ISample> Samples =
+    [
+        .. Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetTypes()
+            .Where(x => x.GetInterfaces().Contains(typeof(ISample)) && x.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes) != null)
+            .Select(x => Activator.CreateInstance(x) as ISample)
+            .OrderBy(s => s?.Category)
+    ];
 
     private static void Main(string[] args)
     {
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ private static void Main(string[] args)
             }
 
             // Clear any arguments
-            args = Array.Empty<string>();
+            args = [];
         } while (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(input) && !string.Equals(input, "Q", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
     }
 

samples/NetVips.Samples/SampleExtensions.cs

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ internal static string FirstLetterToLower(this string str)
     /// <returns>A new camel cased string.</returns>
     internal static string ToPascalCase(this string str)
     {
-        return str.Split(new[] { "_" }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)
+        return str.Split(["_"], StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)
             .Select(s => char.ToUpperInvariant(s[0]) + s[1..])
             .Aggregate(string.Empty, (s1, s2) => s1 + s2);
     }

samples/NetVips.Samples/Samples/CaptchaGenerator.cs

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ public void Execute(string[] args)
         }
 
         // remove any unused edges
-        var trim = textLayer.FindTrim(background: new double[] { 0 });
+        var trim = textLayer.FindTrim(background: [0]);
         using (textLayer)
         {
             textLayer = textLayer.Crop((int)trim[0], (int)trim[1], (int)trim[2], (int)trim[3]);

samples/NetVips.Samples/Samples/Duotone.cs

@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ public class Duotone : ISample
     public const string Filename = "images/equus_quagga.jpg";
 
     // #C83658 as CIELAB triple
-    public double[] Start = { 46.479, 58.976, 15.052 };
+    public double[] Start = [46.479, 58.976, 15.052];
 
     // #D8E74F as CIELAB triple
-    public double[] Stop = { 88.12, -23.952, 69.178 };
+    public double[] Stop = [88.12, -23.952, 69.178];
 
     public void Execute(string[] args)
     {

samples/NetVips.Samples/Samples/GenerateImageClass.cs

@@ -179,9 +179,9 @@ private string GenerateFunction(string operationName, string indent = "
         }
 
         string[] reservedKeywords =
-        {
+        [
             "in", "ref", "out", "ushort"
-        };
+        ];
 
         string SafeIdentifier(string name) =>
             reservedKeywords.Contains(name)
@@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ string ToCref(string name) =>
         if (optionalOutput.Length > 0 && outParameters == null)
         {
             result.AppendLine()
-                .Append(GenerateFunction(operationName, indent, mutable, new[] { optionalOutput[0] }));
+                .Append(GenerateFunction(operationName, indent, mutable, [optionalOutput[0]]));
         }
         else if (outParameters != null && outParameters.Count != optionalOutput.Length)
         {

samples/NetVips.Samples/Samples/GenerateImageOperators.cs

@@ -267,22 +267,22 @@ public string GenerateOperators()
         // generate list of all operator overloads and supported types
         var allOverloads = new Dictionary<string, string[]>
         {
-            {"+", new[] {"Image", "double", "double[]", "int[]"}},
-            {"-", new[] {"Image", "double", "double[]", "int[]"}},
-            {"*", new[] {"Image", "double", "double[]", "int[]"}},
-            {"/", new[] {"Image", "double", "double[]", "int[]"}},
-            {"%", new[] {"Image", "double", "double[]", "int[]"}},
-            {"&", new[] {"Image", "double", "double[]", "int[]"}},
-            {"|", new[] {"Image", "double", "double[]", "int[]"}},
-            {"^", new[] {"Image", "double", "double[]", "int[]"}},
-            {"<<", new[] {"int"}},
-            {">>", new[] {"int"}},
-            {"==", new[] {"double", "double[]", "int[]"}},
-            {"!=", new[] {"double", "double[]", "int[]"}},
-            {"<", new[] {"Image", "double", "double[]", "int[]"}},
-            {">", new[] {"Image", "double", "double[]", "int[]"}},
-            {"<=", new[] {"Image", "double", "double[]", "int[]"}},
-            {">=", new[] {"Image", "double", "double[]", "int[]"}}
+            {"+", ["Image", "double", "double[]", "int[]"]},
+            {"-", ["Image", "double", "double[]", "int[]"]},
+            {"*", ["Image", "double", "double[]", "int[]"]},
+            {"/", ["Image", "double", "double[]", "int[]"]},
+            {"%", ["Image", "double", "double[]", "int[]"]},
+            {"&", ["Image", "double", "double[]", "int[]"]},
+            {"|", ["Image", "double", "double[]", "int[]"]},
+            {"^", ["Image", "double", "double[]", "int[]"]},
+            {"<<", ["int"]},
+            {">>", ["int"]},
+            {"==", ["double", "double[]", "int[]"]},
+            {"!=", ["double", "double[]", "int[]"]},
+            {"<", ["Image", "double", "double[]", "int[]"]},
+            {">", ["Image", "double", "double[]", "int[]"]},
+            {"<=", ["Image", "double", "double[]", "int[]"]},
+            {">=", ["Image", "double", "double[]", "int[]"]}
         };
 
         const string preamble = """

samples/NetVips.Samples/Samples/Indexer.cs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ public class Indexer : ISample
 
     public void Execute(string[] args)
     {
-        using var r = Image.NewFromArray(new[] { 1, 2, 3 });
+        using var r = Image.NewFromArray([1, 2, 3]);
         using var g = r + 1;
         using var b = r + 2;
         using var image = r.Bandjoin(g, b);

samples/NetVips.Samples/Samples/MutableImage.cs

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ public void Execute(string[] args)
             for (var i = 0; i <= 100; i++)
             {
                 var j = i / 100.0;
-                x.DrawLine(new[] { 255.0 }, (int)(x.Width * j), 0, 0, (int)(x.Height * (1 - j)));
+                x.DrawLine([255.0], (int)(x.Width * j), 0, 0, (int)(x.Height * (1 - j)));
             }
         });
         mutated.WriteToFile("mutated.jpg");

samples/NetVips.Samples/Samples/OnePointMosaic.cs

@@ -11,19 +11,13 @@ public class OnePointMosaic : ISample
     public string Name => "1 Point Mosaic";
     public string Category => "Mosaicing";
 
-    public struct Point
+    public struct Point(int x, int y)
     {
-        public int X, Y;
-
-        public Point(int x, int y)
-        {
-            X = x;
-            Y = y;
-        }
+        public int X = x, Y = y;
     }
 
-    public List<string> Images = new()
-    {
+    public List<string> Images =
+    [
         "images/cd1.1.jpg",
         "images/cd1.2.jpg",
         "images/cd2.1.jpg",
@@ -32,29 +26,29 @@ public Point(int x, int y)
         "images/cd3.2.jpg",
         "images/cd4.1.jpg",
         "images/cd4.2.jpg"
-    };
+    ];
 
-    public List<Point> HorizontalMarks = new()
-    {
-        new Point(489, 140),
-        new Point(66, 141),
-        new Point(453, 40),
-        new Point(15, 43),
-        new Point(500, 122),
-        new Point(65, 121),
-        new Point(495, 58),
-        new Point(40, 57)
-    };
+    public List<Point> HorizontalMarks =
+    [
+        new(489, 140),
+        new(66, 141),
+        new(453, 40),
+        new(15, 43),
+        new(500, 122),
+        new(65, 121),
+        new(495, 58),
+        new(40, 57)
+    ];
 
-    public List<Point> VerticalMarks = new()
-    {
-        new Point(364, 346),
-        new Point(388, 44),
-        new Point(385, 629),
-        new Point(384, 17),
-        new Point(503, 959),
-        new Point(527, 42)
-    };
+    public List<Point> VerticalMarks =
+    [
+        new(364, 346),
+        new(388, 44),
+        new(385, 629),
+        new(384, 17),
+        new(503, 959),
+        new(527, 42)
+    ];
 
     public void Execute(string[] args)
     {

samples/NetVips.Samples/Samples/ShapeCropping.cs

@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ public int[] ResolveShapeTrim(int width, int height, int maskWidth, int maskHeig
         var left = (int)Math.Round((width - trimWidth) / 2);
         var top = (int)Math.Round((height - trimHeight) / 2);
 
-        return new[] { left, top, (int)Math.Round(trimWidth), (int)Math.Round(trimHeight) };
+        return [left, top, (int)Math.Round(trimWidth), (int)Math.Round(trimHeight)];
     }
 
     #region helpers

src/NetVips/ExtensionMethods.cs

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ internal static object[] PrependImage<T>(this T[] args, Image image)
     {
         if (args == null)
         {
-            return new object[] { image };
+            return [image];
         }
 
         var newValues = new object[args.Length + 1];
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ internal static string ToUtf8String(this nint utf8Str, bool freePtr = false, int
     /// <returns>The readable format of the bytes.</returns>
     internal static string ToReadableBytes(this ulong value)
     {
-        string[] sizeSuffixes = { "bytes", "KB", "MB", "GB", "TB", "PB", "EB", "ZB", "YB" };
+        string[] sizeSuffixes = ["bytes", "KB", "MB", "GB", "TB", "PB", "EB", "ZB", "YB"];
 
         var i = 0;
         decimal dValue = value;

src/NetVips/GObject.cs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ public class GObject : SafeHandle
     /// <remarks>
     /// All recorded delegates are freed in <see cref="ReleaseDelegates"/>.
     /// </remarks>
-    private readonly ICollection<GCHandle> _handles = new List<GCHandle>();
+    private readonly ICollection<GCHandle> _handles = [];
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Hint of how much native memory is actually occupied by the object.

src/NetVips/Image.cs

@@ -1236,7 +1236,7 @@ public string[] GetFields()
 
         GLib.GFree(ptrArr);
 
-        return names.ToArray();
+        return [.. names];
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -1378,7 +1378,7 @@ public Image Case(params int[] ints) =>
     /// <param name="images">Array of case images.</param>
     /// <returns>A new <see cref="Image"/>.</returns>
     public Image Case(params Image[] images) =>
-        this.Call("case", new object[] { images }) as Image;
+        this.Call("case", [images]) as Image;
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Use pixel values to pick cases from an a set of mixed images and constants.
@@ -1391,7 +1391,7 @@ public Image Case(params Image[] images) =>
     /// <param name="objects">Array of mixed images and constants.</param>
     /// <returns>A new <see cref="Image"/>.</returns>
     public Image Case(params object[] objects) =>
-        this.Call("case", new object[] { objects }) as Image;
+        this.Call("case", [objects]) as Image;
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Append a set of constants bandwise.
@@ -1430,7 +1430,7 @@ public Image Bandjoin(params int[] ints) =>
     /// <param name="images">Array of images.</param>
     /// <returns>A new <see cref="Image"/>.</returns>
     public Image Bandjoin(params Image[] images) =>
-        this.Call("bandjoin", new object[] { images.PrependImage(this) }) as Image;
+        this.Call("bandjoin", [images.PrependImage(this)]) as Image;
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Append a set of mixed images and constants bandwise.
@@ -1443,7 +1443,7 @@ public Image Bandjoin(params Image[] images) =>
     /// <param name="objects">Array of mixed images and constants.</param>
     /// <returns>A new <see cref="Image"/>.</returns>
     public Image Bandjoin(params object[] objects) =>
-        this.Call("bandjoin", new object[] { objects.PrependImage(this) }) as Image;
+        this.Call("bandjoin", [objects.PrependImage(this)]) as Image;
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Band-wise rank a set of constants.
@@ -1496,7 +1496,7 @@ public Image Bandrank(Image[] images, int? index = null)
 
         options.AddIfPresent(nameof(index), index);
 
-        return this.Call("bandrank", options, new object[] { images.PrependImage(this) }) as Image;
+        return this.Call("bandrank", options, [images.PrependImage(this)]) as Image;
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -1511,7 +1511,7 @@ public Image Bandrank(Image[] images, int? index = null)
     /// <param name="index">Select this band element from sorted list.</param>
     /// <returns>A new <see cref="Image"/>.</returns>
     public Image Bandrank(Image other, int? index = null) =>
-        Bandrank(new[] { other }, index);
+        Bandrank([other], index);
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Band-wise rank a set of mixed images and constants.
@@ -1530,7 +1530,7 @@ public Image Bandrank(object[] objects, int? index = null)
 
         options.AddIfPresent(nameof(index), index);
 
-        return this.Call("bandrank", options, new object[] { objects.PrependImage(this) }) as Image;
+        return this.Call("bandrank", options, [objects.PrependImage(this)]) as Image;
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -1603,7 +1603,7 @@ public Image Crop(int left, int top, int width, int height) =>
     public double[] MaxPos()
     {
         var v = Max(out var x, out var y);
-        return new[] { v, x, y };
+        return [v, x, y];
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -1613,7 +1613,7 @@ public double[] MaxPos()
     public double[] MinPos()
     {
         var v = Min(out var x, out var y);
-        return new[] { v, x, y };
+        return [v, x, y];
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -1754,7 +1754,7 @@ public double[] MinPos()
     /// </summary>
     /// <param name="exp">To the power of this.</param>
     /// <returns>A new <see cref="Image"/>.</returns>
-    public Image Pow(double exp) => Math2Const(Enums.OperationMath2.Pow, new[] { exp });
+    public Image Pow(double exp) => Math2Const(Enums.OperationMath2.Pow, [exp]);
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Raise to power of an array.
@@ -1783,7 +1783,7 @@ public Image Pow(int[] exp) =>
     /// </summary>
     /// <param name="base">To the base of this.</param>
     /// <returns>A new <see cref="Image"/>.</returns>
-    public Image Wop(double @base) => Math2Const(Enums.OperationMath2.Wop, new[] { @base });
+    public Image Wop(double @base) => Math2Const(Enums.OperationMath2.Wop, [@base]);
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Raise to power of an array, but with the arguments reversed.
@@ -1812,7 +1812,7 @@ public Image Wop(int[] @base) =>
     /// </summary>
     /// <param name="x">Arc tangent of y / <paramref name="x"/>.</param>
     /// <returns>A new <see cref="Image"/>.</returns>
-    public Image Atan2(double x) => Math2Const(Enums.OperationMath2.Atan2, new[] { x });
+    public Image Atan2(double x) => Math2Const(Enums.OperationMath2.Atan2, [x]);
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Arc tangent of an array in degrees.