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Kubernetes 실습환경구성

Single Master, Multi node Kubernets 환경을 구성합니다.

appwiz.cpl Hiper-V

VirtualBox

Ubuntu Noble 24.04 LTS

XShell

HOST IP address arch CPU Memory OS
master.example.com 10.100.0.104 X86_64 2core 4GiB Ubuntu 6.8
node1.example.com 10.100.0.101 X86_64 2core 2GiB Ubuntu 6.8
node2.example.com 10.100.0.102 X86_64 2core 2GiB Ubuntu 6.8
node3.example.com 10.100.0.103 X86_64 2core 2GiB Ubuntu 6.8
HOST IP address arch CPU Memory OS
master.example.com 10.100.0.104 X86_64 2core 4GiB CentOS 7.6
node1.example.com 10.100.0.101 X86_64 2core 2GiB CentOS 7.6
node2.example.com 10.100.0.102 X86_64 2core 2GiB CentOS 7.6
node3.example.com 10.100.0.103 X86_64 2core 2GiB CentOS 7.6

네트워크 설정 및 xshell 연결

sudo apt-get install ssh sudo apt install net-tools

virtualbox 네트워크 설정

포트포워딩 : Rule1, 호스트포트 22, 게스트포트 22

xshell 연결

host : 127.0.0.1

=============================================================================================================================

1. Docker Install

master, node1,node2, node3 시스템에 도커 설치

docs.docker.com on ubuntu

https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/

for pkg in docker.io docker-doc docker-compose docker-compose-v2 podman-docker containerd runc; do sudo apt-get remove $pkg; done

Add Docker's official GPG key:

sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings sudo curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

Add the repository to Apt sources:

echo
"deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu
$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" |
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

sudo docker run hello-world

sudo usermod -aG docker groundivy

=============================================================================================================================

2. kubeadm, kubectl, kubelet 설치 동작

master, node1,node2, node3 시스템에 kubeadm, kubectl, kubelet 설치 및 동작

kubernetes.io

1) Swap disabled

sudo swapoff -a && sudo sed -i '/swap/s/^/#/' /etc/fstab

2) Letting iptables see bridged traffic
# cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
# sysctl --system

3) Disable firewall
# systemctl stop firewalld 
# systemctl disable firewalld

4) Set SELinux in permissive mode (effectively disabling it)
# setenforce 0
# sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config

5) kubeadm, kubelet, kubectl 설치
# cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl
EOF

# yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --disableexcludes=kubernetes
# systemctl start kubelet && systemctl enable kubelet

=============================================================================================================================

sudo apt install apt-utils sudo apt update sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

# yum install -y yum-utils
# sudo apt install apt-utils
# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
# systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker
# docker version
    Client: Docker Engine - Community
	 Version:           19.03.8
	 API version:       1.40
	 Go version:        go1.12.17
	 Git commit:        afacb8b
	 Built:             Wed Mar 11 01:27:04 2020
	 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
	 Experimental:      false

	Server: Docker Engine - Community
	 Engine:
	  Version:          19.03.8
	  API version:      1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
	  Go version:       go1.12.17
	  Git commit:       afacb8b
	  Built:            Wed Mar 11 01:25:42 2020
	  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
	  Experimental:     false
	 containerd:
	  Version:          1.2.13
	  GitCommit:        7ad184331fa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429
	 runc:
	  Version:          1.0.0-rc10
	  GitCommit:        dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
	 docker-init:
	  Version:          0.18.0
	  GitCommit:        fec3683

2. kubeadm, kubectl, kubelet 설치 동작

master, node1,node2, node3 시스템에 kubeadm, kubectl, kubelet 설치 및 동작

kubernetes.io

1) Swap disabled
# swapoff -a && sed -i '/swap/s/^/#/' /etc/fstab

2) Letting iptables see bridged traffic
# cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
# sysctl --system

3) Disable firewall
# systemctl stop firewalld 
# systemctl disable firewalld

4) Set SELinux in permissive mode (effectively disabling it)
# setenforce 0
# sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config

5) kubeadm, kubelet, kubectl 설치
# cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl
EOF

# yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --disableexcludes=kubernetes
# systemctl start kubelet && systemctl enable kubelet

3. Master 컴포넌트 구성및 네트워크 환경구성

master 시스템에서만 구성

Creating a single control-plane cluster with kubeadm

# kubeadm init
...
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
...
kubeadm join 10.100.0.104:6443 --token 1ou05o.kkist9u6fbc2uhp3 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:8d9a7308ea6ff73.........576c112f326690

kubeadm init 명령실행시 master에 kubernetes 컴포넌트들이 생성된다. 출력 결과에서 위의 내용중 mkdir, cp, chown 명령을 kubernetes 관리자 계정에서 실행한다.

$ mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
$ sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
$ sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

kubeadm init 명령 실행 결과 나오는 kubeadm join <토크> 은 worker node가 master에 연결될때 필요하다. 별도로 저장해두는것이 좋다.

# cat > token.tx
kubeadm join 10.100.0.104:6443 --token 1ou05o.kk...3 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:8d9a7308ea6ff73.........576c112f326690
<Ctrl>+<d>

Installing a Pod network add-on

Weave Net works

# kubectl apply -f "https://cloud.weave.works/k8s/net?k8s-version=$(kubectl version | base64 | tr -d '\n')"

# kubectl get nodes

4. Worker Node 구성

node1, node2, node3에서 실행 master의 kubeadm init 명령 실행시 출력된 토큰을 가지고 마스터와 연결

# kubeadm join 10.100.0.104:6443 --token 1ou05o.kk...3 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:8d9a7308ea6ff73.........576c112f326690

마스터 노드에서 kubectl 명령으로 쿠버네티스 상태 확인

# kubectl get nodes
NAME                 STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
master.example.com   Ready    master   10m   v1.18.0
node1.example.com    Ready    <none>   17m   v1.18.0
node2.example.com    Ready    <none>   17m   v1.18.0
node3.example.com    Ready    <none>   17m   v1.18.0

5. bash shell에서 [TAB]키를 이용해 kubernetes command 자동완성 구성하기

# source <(kubectl completion bash)
# echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc

6. 실습 : 간단한 yaml 파일을 생성해서 nginx를 배포해보자.

1. 아래와 같은 example.yaml을 생성한다.
$ cat > example.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: deploy-exam
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx

2. 앞에서 생성한 yaml을 이용해 웹서버 nginx를 실행한다.
# kubectl create -f example.yaml

3. 동작중인 deploy를 확인
# kubectl get deploy

4. depoy의 child로 동작되는 replicaset과 pod를 확인한다.
# kubectl get rs
# kubectl get pod

Pod 확장하기
5. 다음 명령을 사용하여 Pod 수를 5개로 확장하자:
$ kubectl scale deploy deploy-exam --replicas=5
$ kubectl get pod
$ kubectl get pod -o wide

4. 생성된 deploy를 제거한다.
$ kubectl delete deploy deploy-exam

쿠버네티스 실습 LAB

따배쿠 사용 example

Last updated on: 2023.09.02

CONTENTS

├── 5
│   ├── init-container-exam2.yaml
│   ├── init-container-exam-svc.yaml
│   ├── init-container-exam.yaml
│   ├── liveness-exam.yaml
│   ├── pod-liveness.yaml
│   ├── pod-multi.yaml
│   ├── pod-mysql.yaml
│   ├── pod-nginx-env.yaml
│   ├── pod-nginx-liveness.yaml
│   ├── pod-nginx-resources.yaml
│   ├── pod-nginx.yaml
│   ├── redis.yaml
│   └── stress.yaml
├── 6
│   ├── cronjob-exam.yaml
│   ├── daemonset-exam.yaml
│   ├── deployment-exam1.yaml
│   ├── deployment-exam2.yaml
│   ├── deploy-nginx.yaml
│   ├── job-exam.yaml
│   ├── pod-redis.yaml
│   ├── rc-exam.yaml
│   ├── rc-lab1.yaml
│   ├── rc-nginx.yaml
│   ├── redis.yaml
│   ├── rs-exam1.yaml
│   ├── rs-nginx.yaml
│   └── statefulset-exam.yaml
├── 7
│   ├── clusterip-nginx.yaml
│   ├── deploy-nginx.yaml
│   ├── external-name.yaml
│   ├── headless-nginx.yaml
│   ├── loadbalancer-nginx.yaml
│   ├── nodeport-nginx.yaml
│   └── service-nginx.yaml
├── 8
│   ├── deploy.yaml
│   └── webserver-demo
│   ├── ingress
│   │   ├── ingress.yaml
│   │   ├── marvel-home.yaml
│   │   └── pay.yaml
│   ├── marvel-collection
│   │   ├── Dockerfile
│   │   └── html
│   │   ├── images
│   │   │   ├── category.png
│   │   │   └── marvel_logo.png
│   │   └── index.html
│   └── paymentjs
│   ├── app.js
│   └── Dockerfile
├── 9
│   ├── annotation.yaml
│   ├── deployment.yaml
│   ├── mainui-canary.yaml
│   ├── mainui-service.yaml
│   ├── mainui-stable.yaml
│   ├── nodeselector.yaml
│   ├── pod1.yaml
│   └── pod2.yaml
├── 10
│   ├── build
│   │   ├── Dockerfile
│   │   └── genid.sh
│   ├── config.dir
│   │   └── nginx-config.conf
│   ├── genid-volume.yaml
│   ├── genid-whole.yaml
│   ├── genid.yaml
│   └── text.file
├── 11
│   ├── genid-env-secret.yaml
│   ├── genid-volume-secret.yaml
│   └── genid-web-config
│   └── nginx-config.conf
├── 12
│   ├── deploy-nginx.yaml
│   ├── nodeselector.yaml
│   ├── pod-affinity.yaml
│   ├── pod-antiaffinity.yaml
│   ├── redis-ssd.yaml
│   ├── tensorflow-gpu-ssd.yaml
│   └── tensorflow-gpu.yaml
├── 13
│   ├── csr-myuser.yaml
│   ├── myuser.crt
│   ├── myuser.csr
│   ├── myuser.key
│   └── testpod.yaml
├── 14
│   ├── empty.yaml
│   ├── hostpath.yaml
│   ├── nfs.yaml
│   ├── pvc-pod-web.yaml
│   ├── pvc.yaml
│   ├── pv-hostpath.yaml
│   ├── pv.yaml
│   ├── testpods.yaml
│   └── volume-hostpath.yaml
├── 15
│   ├── deployment.yaml
│   └── svc.yaml
├── 16
│   ├── custom-dns.yaml
│   ├── deployment.yaml
│   └── svc.yaml
├── 17
├── 18
│   ├── deploy_web.yaml
│   └── hpa_web.yaml ├── 21 │   ├── Helm_note
│   └── d └── README.md

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