build: update Dockerfile to use Python 3.12

Dockerfile

@@ -2,6 +2,17 @@ FROM ubuntu:focal as base
 
 # System requirements.
 
+# ENV variables for Python 3.12 support
+ARG PYTHON_VERSION=3.12
+ENV TZ=UTC
+ENV TERM=xterm-256color
+ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+
+# software-properties-common is needed to setup Python 3.12 env
+RUN apt-get update && \
+  apt-get install -y software-properties-common && \
+  apt-add-repository -y ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
+
 # pkg-config; mysqlclient>=2.2.0 requires pkg-config (https://github.com/PyMySQL/mysqlclient/issues/620)
 
 RUN apt update && \
@@ -10,14 +21,24 @@ RUN apt update && \
   vim \
   language-pack-en \
   build-essential \
-  python3.8-dev \
-  python3-virtualenv \
-  python3.8-distutils \
+  libffi-dev \
+  libsqlite3-dev \
+  python3-pip \
+  python${PYTHON_VERSION} \
+  python${PYTHON_VERSION}-dev \
+  python${PYTHON_VERSION}-distutils \
   libmysqlclient-dev \
   pkg-config \
   libssl-dev && \
   rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
+# Set Zoneinfo settings for Python 3.12 support
+RUN ln -snf /usr/share/zoneinfo/$TZ /etc/localtime && echo $TZ > /etc/timezone
+
+# need to use virtualenv pypi package with Python 3.12
+RUN curl -sS https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python${PYTHON_VERSION}
+RUN pip install virtualenv
+
 # Use UTF-8.
 RUN locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
 ENV LANG en_US.UTF-8
@@ -39,7 +60,7 @@ ENV ANALYTICS_API_CFG "/edx/etc/${ANALYTICS_API_SERVICE_NAME}.yml"
 # Working directory will be root of repo.
 WORKDIR ${ANALYTICS_API_CODE_DIR}
 
-RUN virtualenv -p python3.8 --always-copy ${ANALYTICS_API_VENV_DIR}
+RUN virtualenv -p python${PYTHON_VERSION} --always-copy ${ANALYTICS_API_VENV_DIR}
 
 # Expose canonical Analytics port
 EXPOSE 19001