Packer Templates mainly for the Vagrant libvirt and virtualbox

Customized+Clean/Minimal boxes for libvirt and virtualbox

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Github repository for bug reports or feature requests

• https://github.com/ruzickap/packer-templates/

Vagrant Cloud repository for the images build by these templates

• https://app.vagrantup.com/peru

Requirements

• QEMU-KVM
• Vagrant
• Vagrant Libvirt Plugin
• VirtualBox

Login Credentials

(root/Administrator password is "vagrant" or is not set )

• Username: vagrant
• Password: vagrant

VM Specifications

Drivers / Devices added for the VMs for specific providers.

Libvirt

• VirtIO dynamic Hard Disk (up to 50 GiB)
• VirtIO Network Interface
• QXL Video Card (SPICE display)
• Channel Device (com.redhat.spice.0)

VirtualBox

• SATA Disk

Configuration

Minimal Linux installation

• en_US.UTF-8
• keymap for standard US keyboard
• UTC timezone
• NTP enabled (default configuration)
• full-upgrade
• unattended-upgrades
• /dev/vda1 mounted on / using ext4/xfs filesystem (all files in one partition)
• no swap

Customized Linux installation

Some of the Linux images/templates begins with "my_" - they are preconfigured with the following:

• there are usually many customization depends on distribution - all are described in Ansible playbook.
• added packages: see the Common list and Debian list or CentOS list
• mouse disabled in Midnight Commander + other MC customizations
• preconfigured snmpd, vim, screen
• logrotate using xz instead of gzip
• logwatch is running once per week instead of once per day
• sshd is using only the strong algorithms
• sysstat (sar) is running every minute instead of every 5 minutes

Minimal Windows installation

• UTC timezone
• IEHarden disabled
• Home Page set to "about:blank"
• First Run Wizard disabled
• Firewall allows Remote Desktop connections
• AutoActivation skipped
• DoNotOpenInitialConfigurationTasksAtLogon set to true
• WinRM (ssl) enabled
• New Network Window turned off
• Administrator account enabled
• EnableLUA
• Windows image was finalized using sysprep: unattended.xml

Customized Windows 10 installation

• added packages: see the common_windows_packages
• Additional configuration done via ansible playbook Win32NT-common.yml

Additional Drivers installed for libvirt boxes - VirtIO

Installed during installation:

• NetKVM: VirtIO Network driver
• qxldod: QXL graphics driver
• viostor: VirtIO Block driver (VirtIO SCSI controller driver)

Installed components via Ansible playbook win-simple.yml for Windows:

• vioscsi: Support for VirtIO SCSI pass-through controller
• Balloon: VirtIO Memory Balloon driver
• viorng: VirtIO RNG Device driver
• vioser: VirtIO Serial Driver
• vioinput: VirtIO Input Driver - support for new QEMU input devices virtio-keyboard-pci, virtio-mouse-pci, virtio-tablet-pci, virtio-input-host-pci
• pvpanic: QEMU pvpanic device driver
• qemu-ga: Qemu Guest Agent

Additional Drivers installed for virtualbox boxes

• VirtualBox Guest Additions

How to build images remotely

If you want to build the images yourself you will need passwordless ssh access to the latest Fedora server and locally installed Ansible. The server should not have IPs from this range 192.168.121.0/24 - this is used by Vagrant + libvirt by default.

Then you just need to modify the REMOTE_IP and REMOTE_USER in build_remote_ssh.sh file.

The build_remote_ssh.sh script will connect to your Fedora server, downloads necessary packages (initiate reboot if necessary for kernel update) and start building the images using Packer. It will also test the newly created images by Vagrant. The whole procedure will take several hours. You can check the progress by sshing to the server and checking the log files in /tmp/ directory.

How to build images locally

If you have necessary software installed+configured on your local machine you can use the following commands to build the images. You can build the images using the build script build.sh or directly with Packer.

Build process with the build.sh script

Real examples can be found here: https://gitlab.com/ruzickap/packer-templates/pipelines

• Ubuntu:

# Ubuntu Server
./build.sh ubuntu-{18.04,16.04,14.04}-server-amd64-{libvirt,virtualbox}

# Ubuntu Desktop
./build.sh ubuntu-19.04-desktop-amd64-{libvirt,virtualbox}

# Ubuntu Server - customized
./build.sh my_ubuntu-{18.04,16.04,14.04}-server-amd64-{libvirt,virtualbox}

• Windows:

# Windows Server
./build.sh windows-server-2012_r2-standard-x64-eval-{libvirt,virtualbox}
./build.sh windows-server-2016-standard-x64-eval-{libvirt,virtualbox}
./build.sh windows-server-2019-standard-x64-eval-{libvirt,virtualbox}

# Windows 10
./build.sh windows-10-enterprise-x64-eval-{libvirt,virtualbox}

# Windows 10 - customized
./build.sh my_windows-10-enterprise-x64-eval-{libvirt,virtualbox}

Build process with the Docker image

If you do not want to install Packer, Vagrant, Vagrant plugins or Ansible, then you can use Docker image. You can find the Docker image and it's source on these URLs:

• Docker image: https://hub.docker.com/r/peru/packer_qemu_virtualbox_ansible/
• Dockerfile: https://github.com/ruzickap/docker-packer_qemu_virtualbox_ansible

Ubuntu example with Docker image

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y --no-install-recommends curl git jq docker.io virtualbox
sudo gpasswd -a ${USER} docker
# This is mandatory for Ubuntu otherwise docker container will not have
# access to /dev/kvm - this is default in Fedora (https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=993491)
sudo bash -c "echo 'KERNEL==\"kvm\", GROUP=\"kvm\", MODE=\"0666\"' > /etc/udev/rules.d/60-qemu-system-common.rules"
sudo sed -i 's/^unix_sock_/#&/' /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf
sudo reboot

Fedora example with Docker image

sudo sed -i 's@^SELINUX=enforcing@SELINUX=disabled@' /etc/selinux/config
sudo dnf upgrade -y
# Reboot if necessary (especialy if you upgrade the kernel or related packages)

FEDORA_VESION=$(rpm -E %fedora)
sudo dnf install -y \
  http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-${FEDORA_VESION}.noarch.rpm\
  http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-${FEDORA_VESION}.noarch.rpm
sudo dnf install -y akmod-VirtualBox curl docker git jq \
  kernel-devel-$(uname -r) libvirt-daemon-kvm
sudo akmods

sudo bash -c 'echo "vboxdrv" > /etc/modules-load.d/vboxdrv.conf'
sudo usermod -a -G libvirt ${USER}
sudo groupadd docker && sudo gpasswd -a ${USER} docker
sudo systemctl enable docker

sudo reboot

Build process with the Packer

Use the USE_DOCKERIZED_PACKER=true to use Dockerized Packer to build images.

• Ubuntu:

# Ubuntu Server
NAME="ubuntu-18.04-server-amd64" UBUNTU_CODENAME="bionic" \
UBUNTU_TYPE="server" PACKER_IMAGES_OUTPUT_DIR="/var/tmp/" \
packer build -only="qemu" ubuntu-server.json

NAME="ubuntu-16.04-server-amd64" UBUNTU_CODENAME="xenial" \
UBUNTU_TYPE="server" PACKER_IMAGES_OUTPUT_DIR="/var/tmp/" \
packer build -only="qemu" ubuntu-server.json

NAME="ubuntu-14.04-server-amd64" UBUNTU_CODENAME="trusty" \
UBUNTU_TYPE="server" PACKER_IMAGES_OUTPUT_DIR="/var/tmp/" \
packer build -only="qemu" ubuntu-server.json

# Ubuntu Desktop
NAME="ubuntu-19.04-desktop-amd64" UBUNTU_CODENAME="disco" \
UBUNTU_TYPE="desktop" PACKER_IMAGES_OUTPUT_DIR="/var/tmp/" \
packer build -only="qemu" ubuntu-desktop.json

NAME="ubuntu-18.10-desktop-amd64" UBUNTU_CODENAME="cosmic" \
UBUNTU_TYPE="desktop" PACKER_IMAGES_OUTPUT_DIR="/var/tmp/" \
packer build -only="qemu" ubuntu-desktop.json

# Ubuntu Server - customized
NAME="my_ubuntu-18.04-server-amd64" UBUNTU_CODENAME="bionic" \
UBUNTU_TYPE="server" PACKER_IMAGES_OUTPUT_DIR="/var/tmp/"    \
packer build -only="qemu" my_ubuntu-server.json

NAME="my_ubuntu-16.04-server-amd64" UBUNTU_CODENAME="xenial" \
UBUNTU_TYPE="server" PACKER_IMAGES_OUTPUT_DIR="/var/tmp/"    \
packer build -only="qemu" my_ubuntu-server.json

NAME="my_ubuntu-14.04-server-amd64" UBUNTU_CODENAME="trusty" \
UBUNTU_TYPE="server" PACKER_IMAGES_OUTPUT_DIR="/var/tmp/"    \
packer build -only="qemu" my_ubuntu-server.json

• Windows:

wget -P /var/tmp/ https://fedorapeople.org/groups/virt/virtio-win/direct-downloads/latest-virtio/virtio-win.iso
export TMPDIR=/var/tmp

# Windows Server
## Windows Server 2012
export NAME="windows-server-2012_r2-standard-x64-eval"
export WINDOWS_VERSION="2012"
export VIRTIO_WIN_ISO="/var/tmp/virtio-win.iso"
export ISO_CHECKSUM="6612b5b1f53e845aacdf96e974bb119a3d9b4dcb5b82e65804ab7e534dc7b4d5"
export ISO_URL="http://care.dlservice.microsoft.com/dl/download/6/2/A/62A76ABB-9990-4EFC-A4FE-C7D698DAEB96/9600.17050.WINBLUE_REFRESH.140317-1640_X64FRE_SERVER_EVAL_EN-US-IR3_SSS_X64FREE_EN-US_DV9.ISO"
export PACKER_IMAGES_OUTPUT_DIR="/var/tmp/"
packer build -only="qemu" windows.json

## Windows Server 2019
export NAME="windows-server-2019-standard-x64-eval"
export WINDOWS_VERSION="2019"
export VIRTIO_WIN_ISO="/var/tmp/virtio-win.iso"
export ISO_CHECKSUM="57FAF4A2EA4484CFDF5E964C539313C061C4D9CAC474E723D60405F2EA02D570"
export ISO_URL="https://software-download.microsoft.com/download/sg/17763.253.190108-0006.rs5_release_svc_refresh_SERVER_EVAL_x64FRE_en-us.iso"
export PACKER_IMAGES_OUTPUT_DIR="/var/tmp/"
packer build -only="qemu" windows.json

## Windows Server 2016
export NAME="windows-server-2016-standard-x64-eval"
export WINDOWS_VERSION="2016"
export VIRTIO_WIN_ISO="/var/tmp/virtio-win.iso"
export ISO_CHECKSUM="1ce702a578a3cb1ac3d14873980838590f06d5b7101c5daaccbac9d73f1fb50f"
export ISO_URL="https://software-download.microsoft.com/download/pr/Windows_Server_2016_Datacenter_EVAL_en-us_14393_refresh.ISO"
export PACKER_IMAGES_OUTPUT_DIR="/var/tmp/"
packer build -only="qemu" windows.json

# Windows 10
export NAME="windows-10-enterprise-x64-eval"
export WINDOWS_VERSION="10"
export VIRTIO_WIN_ISO="/var/tmp/virtio-win.iso"
export ISO_CHECKSUM="ab4862ba7d1644c27f27516d24cb21e6b39234eb3301e5f1fb365a78b22f79b3"
export ISO_URL="https://software-download.microsoft.com/download/pr/18362.30.190401-1528.19h1_release_svc_refresh_CLIENTENTERPRISEEVAL_OEMRET_x64FRE_en-us.iso"
export PACKER_IMAGES_OUTPUT_DIR="/var/tmp/"
packer build -only="qemu" windows.json

# Windows 10 - customized
export NAME="my_windows-10-enterprise-x64-eval"
export WINDOWS_VERSION="10"
export VIRTIO_WIN_ISO="/var/tmp/virtio-win.iso"
export ISO_CHECKSUM="27e4feb9102f7f2b21ebdb364587902a70842fb550204019d1a14b120918e455"
export ISO_URL="https://software-download.microsoft.com/download/pr/17134.1.180410-1804.rs4_release_CLIENTENTERPRISEEVAL_OEMRET_x64FRE_en-us.iso"
export PACKER_IMAGES_OUTPUT_DIR="/var/tmp/"
packer build -only="qemu" my_windows.json

Helper scripts

• build.sh - build single image specified on command line
• build_all.sh - builds all images
• build_all_remote_ssh.sh - connects to remote Ubuntu server, install the necessary packages for building images and execute build_all.sh
• vagrant_init_destroy_boxes.sh - tests all *.box images in the current directory using vagrant add/up/ssh/winrm/destroy

GitLab CI configuration can be found here: GitLab_CI_configuration.md