engine-stressor

A stressor tool for container engines.

This latest revision is based on Podman, cgroupv2, and systemd. It creates a cgroupv2 namespace with limited resources according to user input and starts 'N' containers to ensure Podman engine behaves correctly.

Additionally, it is possible to enable a stress feature that uses the stress-ng tool to stress each container in parallel and verify if the applications and services running in the container environment are stable and secure. This tool also ensures that containers do not exceed their resource limits, even in the presence of memory, CPU, or other system interferences.

Furthermore, it is an excellent way to test container scalability and interference between containers using Podman, allowing you to trigger 100, 1k, 5k, or even 1 million containers.

Why this project?

When working in the auto industry, it's important to prove for certifications that components in the entire solution are as resilient as possible and do not fail in the initial rounds in different angles of tests.

Why bash?

We just call existing programs, no need to add extra layer of python, golang or rust for calling program at this moment.

ASCII Diagram

+-------------------------------------------------------+
|                      User Space                       |
|                                                       |
|  +-----------------------+                            |
|  |    engine-stressor    |                            |
|  |    (Bash Script)      |                            |
|  +-----------+-----------+                            |
|              |                                        |
|              v                                        |
|  +-----------------------+                            |
|  |      systemd-run      |                            |
|  |      (CLI Command)    |                            |
|  +-----------+-----------+                            |
|              |                                        |
|              v                                        |
|  +-----------------------+                            |
|  |        systemd        |                            |
|  |   (Service Manager)   |                            |
|  +-----------+-----------+                            |
|              |                                        |
|              v                                        |
|  +---------------------------------+                  |
|  |         Slice                   |                  |
|  |    (e.g., engine-stressor.slice)|                  |
|  +-----------+---------------------+                  |
|              |                                        |
|              v                                        |
|  +-----------------------+                            |
|  |       cgroupv2        |                            |
|  |    (Control Groups)   |                            |
|  +-----------+-----------+                            |
|              |                                        |
|              v                                        |
|  +-----------------------+                            |
|  |        podman         |                            |
|  |   (Container Engine)  |                            |
|  +-----------+-----------+                            |
|              |                                        |
|              v                                        |
|  +-----------------------+                            |
|  |     Optional:         |                            |
|  |      stress-ng        |                            |
|  | (Stress Testing Tool) |                            |
|  +-----------+-----------+                            |
|              |                                        |
|              v                                        |
|  +-----------------------+                            |
|  |        glibc          |                            |
|  |  (C Library for       |                            |
|  |   System Calls)       |                            |
|  +-----------+-----------+                            |
|              |                                        |
|              v                                        |
+--------------+----------------------------------------+
|                      Kernel Space                     |
|                                                       |
|  +-----------------------+                            |
|  |        Kernel         |                            |
|  |    (Linux Kernel)     |                            |
|  +-----------+-----------+                            |
|              ^                                        |
|              |                                        |
|  +-----------------------+                            |
|  |       cgroupv2        |                            |
|  |    (Kernel Part)      |                            |
|  +-----------------------+                            |
|                                                       |
+-------------------------------------------------------+

How to install and run it?

git clone

Clone the repo and install via make

$ git clone https://github.com/containers/engine-stressor
$ pushd engine-stressor
    $ sudo make install
    Installation complete.
$ popd

$ sudo engine-stressor

Monitoring resources

Option 1: Using watch + systemd-cgls (cgroup ls) on the host:

sudo watch -n 1 \
    "systemd-cgls /sys/fs/cgroup/engine_stressor.slice"

Option 2: Use systemd-cgtop to monitor resource usage of slices and services (on the host):

sudo systemd-cgtop

Running

Let's start with an example below:

"Create a Podman network named my_network, a volume named my_volume, and 200 containers using the automotive-osbuild image with the image command sleep 3600."

sudo CLEANUP=true \
     NETWORK_NAME="my_network" \
     VOLUME_NAME="my_volume" \
     IMAGE_NAME_CONTAINER="quay.io/centos-sig-automotive/automotive-osbuild" \
     IMAGE_COMMAND="sleep 3600" \
     NUMBER_OF_CONTAINERS="200" \
     ./engine-stressor

Stressing mode

How to run in the stress mode?

Add the STRESS_ env variables as showed below.

sudo CLEANUP=false \
     VERBOSE=true \
     LIST_CURRENT_STATE=true \
     STRESS_CPU="6" \
     STRESS_DISK="8" \
     STRESS_DISK_SIZE="1G" \
     STRESS_MEMORY="1G" \
     STRESS_VM_STRESSOR_INSTANCES=100 \
     STRESS_TIME="60s" \
     NETWORK_NAME="my_network" \
     VOLUME_NAME="my_volume" \
     IMAGE_NAME_CONTAINER="quay.io/centos-sig-automotive/automotive-osbuild" \
     IMAGE_COMMAND="sleep 3600" \
     NUMBER_OF_CONTAINERS="100" \
     ./engine-stressor

Output:

<snip>
PASS: All containers requested are running successfully.
INFO: Running stress-ng in container test_container_100...
stress-ng: info:  [48] setting to a 1 min, 0 secs run per stressor
stress-ng: info:  [48] dispatching hogs: 100 vm, 6 cpu, 8 hdd
stress-ng: info:  [52] setting to a 1 min, 0 secs run per stressor
stress-ng: info:  [52] dispatching hogs: 100 vm, 6 cpu, 8 hdd
stress-ng: info:  [45] setting to a 1 min, 0 secs run per stressor
stress-ng: info:  [45] dispatching hogs: 100 vm, 6 cpu, 8 hdd
stress-ng: info:  [48] skipped: 0
stress-ng: info:  [48] passed: 114: vm (100) cpu (6) hdd (8)
stress-ng: info:  [48] failed: 0
stress-ng: info:  [48] metrics untrustworthy: 0
stress-ng: info:  [48] successful run completed in 1 min, 22.14 secs
stress-ng: info:  [52] skipped: 0
stress-ng: info:  [52] passed: 114: vm (100) cpu (6) hdd (8)
stress-ng: info:  [52] failed: 0
stress-ng: info:  [52] metrics untrustworthy: 0
stress-ng: info:  [52] successful run completed in 1 min, 22.27 secs
stress-ng: info:  [45] skipped: 0
stress-ng: info:  [45] passed: 114: vm (100) cpu (6) hdd (8)
stress-ng: info:  [45] failed: 0
stress-ng: info:  [45] metrics untrustworthy: 0
stress-ng: info:  [45] successful run completed in 1 min, 22.49 secs
<snip>

Other examples

"Create a Podman network named my_network, a volume named my_volume, and 100 containers using the alpine image with the image command sleep 3600. List current network, storage and verbose mode. Once created, remove everything, as this setup is just for testing the environment!"

sudo CLEANUP=true \
     VERBOSE=true \
     LIST_CURRENT_STATE=true \
     NETWORK_NAME="my_network" \
     VOLUME_NAME="my_volume" \
     IMAGE_NAME_CONTAINER="alpine" \
     IMAGE_COMMAND="sleep 3600" \
     NUMBER_OF_CONTAINERS="100" \
     ./engine-stressor

Still interested to continue reading about?

See the output for a PASS test (no VERBOSE mode or LIST_CURRENT_STATE):

sudo CLEANUP=false \
     NETWORK_NAME="my_network" \
     VOLUME_NAME="my_volume" \
     IMAGE_NAME_CONTAINER="alpine" \
     IMAGE_COMMAND="sleep 3600" \
     NUMBER_OF_CONTAINERS="100" \
     ./engine-stressor

Output

PASS: volume my_volume created.
PASS: network my_network created.
PASS: All containers requested are running successfully.
PASS: Total number of containers created in parallel: 100
PASS: Time taken: 1 seconds.

PASS: All tests passed.

Checking if really worked:

$ sudo podman ps
CONTAINER ID  IMAGE                            COMMAND     CREATED        STATUS        PORTS       NAMES
e7c04505c83d  docker.io/library/alpine:latest  sleep 3600  2 seconds ago  Up 2 seconds              test_container_1
abb513b64cd5  docker.io/library/alpine:latest  sleep 3600  2 seconds ago  Up 2 seconds              test_container_2
....

Checking volume and network created:

$ sudo podman volume ls | grep my_volume
local       my_volume

$ podman network ls | grep my_network
1a33f12e7eee  my_network  bridge

Output for a FAIL test:

sudo CLEANUP=false \
     NETWORK_NAME="my_network" \
     VOLUME_NAME="my_volume" \
     IMAGE_NAME_CONTAINER="alpine" \
     IMAGE_COMMAND="sleep 3600" \
     NUMBER_OF_CONTAINERS="100" \
     ./engine-stressor

Error: volume with name my_volume already exists: volume already exists
FAIL: unable to create volume my_volume.

Let's get an output from a more verbose mode (VERBOSE=true plus LIST_CURRENT_STATE=true):

sudo CLEANUP=true \
     VERBOSE=true \
     LIST_CURRENT_STATE=true \
     NETWORK_NAME="my_network" \
     VOLUME_NAME="my_volume" \
     IMAGE_NAME_CONTAINER="alpine" \
     IMAGE_COMMAND="sleep 3600" \
     NUMBER_OF_CONTAINERS="3" \
     ./engine-stressor

INFO: =======================================================
INFO: VERBOSE MODE IS ON
INFO: =======================================================
INFO: NETWORK_NAME is my_network
INFO: VOLUME_NAME is my_volume
INFO: NUMBER_OF_CONTAINERS is 100
INFO: IMAGE_NAME_CONTAINER is alpine
INFO: IMAGE_COMMAND is sleep 3600
INFO: LIST_CURRENT_STATE is set

INFO: ===============================================
INFO:              Listing current podman processes
INFO: ===============================================
INFO: CONTAINER ID  IMAGE       COMMAND     CREATED     STATUS      PORTS       NAMES
INFO: ===============================================

INFO: ===============================================
INFO:              Listing current podman volume
INFO: ===============================================
INFO: DRIVER      VOLUME NAME
INFO: local       test
INFO: local       super
INFO: local       dogz
INFO: local       medogz
INFO: ===============================================

INFO: ===============================================
INFO:              Listing current podman network
INFO: ===============================================
INFO: NETWORK ID    NAME        DRIVER
INFO: 41af11b0f3d5  netcow      bridge
INFO: 2f259bab93aa  podman      bridge
INFO: ===============================================
INFO: creating volume my_volume
PASS: volume my_volume created.
INFO: creating network my_network
PASS: network my_network created.
INFO: creating container test_container_1
INFO: creating container test_container_2
...
PASS: All containers requested are running successfully.
PASS: Total number of containers created in parallel: 100
PASS: Time taken: 1 seconds.

INFO: ===============================================
INFO:              Listing current podman processes
INFO: ===============================================
INFO: CONTAINER ID  IMAGE                            COMMAND     CREATED                 STATUS                 PORTS       NAMES
INFO: 1012e9a1e865  docker.io/library/alpine:latest  sleep 3600  Less than a second ago  Up Less than a second              test_container_2
INFO: 1ee043d0a2ed  docker.io/library/alpine:latest  sleep 3600  Less than a second ago  Up Less than a second              test_container_1
....
INFO: ===============================================

INFO: ===============================================
INFO:              Listing current podman volume
INFO: ===============================================
INFO: DRIVER      VOLUME NAME
INFO: local       my_volume
INFO: local       test
INFO: local       super
INFO: local       dogz
INFO: local       medogz
INFO: ===============================================

INFO: ===============================================
INFO:              Listing current podman network
INFO: ===============================================
INFO: NETWORK ID    NAME        DRIVER
INFO: 2a2543c7b7d9  my_network  bridge
INFO: 41af11b0f3d5  netcow      bridge
INFO: 2f259bab93aa  podman      bridge
INFO: ===============================================

PASS: All tests passed.

Building rpm

Use rpmbuild tool to create an rpm package.

$ git clone https://github.com/containers/engine-stressor
$ mv engine-stressor engine-stressor-0.1.0
$ tar cvz -f v0.1.0.tar.gz engine-stressor-0.1.0
$ cp v0.1.0.tar.gz ~/rpmbuild/SOURCES/
$ cd engine-stressor
$ rpmbuild -ba engine-stressor.spec

Additional help

How to enable cgroup v2?

sudo grubby --update-kernel=ALL --args="systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy=1"

Reboot the system for the changes to take effect.

Configuring sudo without asking password

To configure sudo to not ask for a password, you need to modify the /etc/sudoers file. This can be done using the visudo command, which safely edits the sudoers file.

sudo visudo

Add the following line to the file:

username_to_run_script_here ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

Behind the scenes

As engine-stressor is based on cgroupv2 and systemd lets share some common knowledge.

In systemd and cgroup v2 terminology, a "slice" is a unit of resource management that groups together related services or scopes. When you create a slice using systemd, it also creates the corresponding cgroup hierarchy under the cgroup v2 filesystem.

List Processes in the Podman Stressor Slice

systemd-cgls /sys/fs/cgroup/engine_stressor.slice
Directory /sys/fs/cgroup/engine_stressor.slice:
├─run-r809b4252c4834592933b123056e6254d.scope …
│ └─1944002 /usr/bin/conmon --api-version 1 -c be7879833ce654481fe90c1abd3ccd1b3b2ed93f6974494cf43cff92a0>
├─run-r6851c76c5ca74580ba2353b7f6b7df0d.scope …
│ └─1944165 /usr/bin/conmon --api-version 1 -c 514c304c5c66481a4a05ab0c8366635dc98400a9d8cfa5c58ace33e5dc>
└─run-r25ae5d9b81fd43a79fbc203bbea2ad59.scope …
  └─1944087 /usr/bin/conmon --api-version 1 -c 76b2df670d9536ff7d145c98607627f941e1dd59a910d5516350ef2e70>

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 159 Commits
.github/workflows		.github/workflows
demo		demo
disk-exhaustion		disk-exhaustion
memory-exhaustion		memory-exhaustion
tests		tests
tools		tools
.gitignore		.gitignore
CODE-OF-CONDUCT.md		CODE-OF-CONDUCT.md
LICENSE		LICENSE
Makefile		Makefile
NOTICE		NOTICE
README.md		README.md
SECURITY.md		SECURITY.md
cgroup		cgroup
common		common
constants		constants
cpu		cpu
date		date
engine		engine
engine-operations		engine-operations
engine-stressor		engine-stressor
engine-stressor.spec		engine-stressor.spec
memory		memory
monitor		monitor
network		network
processes		processes
rpm		rpm
selinux		selinux
stress		stress
system		system
systemd		systemd
volume		volume

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engine-stressor

ASCII Diagram

How to install and run it?

git clone

Monitoring resources

Running

Stressing mode

Other examples

Building rpm

Additional help

How to enable cgroup v2?

Configuring sudo without asking password

Behind the scenes

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engine-stressor

ASCII Diagram

How to install and run it?

git clone

Monitoring resources

Running

Stressing mode

Other examples

Building rpm

Additional help

How to enable cgroup v2?

Configuring sudo without asking password

Behind the scenes

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