Feature - Schemata Typescript Edition [wip]

[jmurth1234]

This is a PR to rewrite schemata using typescript, with all the benefits that gives us including type inference of:

• Basic types
• Schemata Types
• Schemata Arrays
• Extended types

All without having to define any additional interfaces

There are minimal API changes, the use of schemata in a project should be the same as it is now.

The main difference is how schemata instances and schemata arrays are handled. Previously, these were standard JS Objects. Now, in order to infer their type when used in a schema, they are now passed as functions.

Things still left to do:

• Rewrite the rest of the codebase + tests in TypeScript
• Write documentation
• Make sure any helper types that might be needed outside schemata are exported