Allow mutation in server-side service implementation

README.md

@@ -51,44 +51,57 @@ Learn how to get up and running with Mojo on the [Modular website](https://www.m
 Once you have a Mojo project set up locally,
 
 1. Add the `mojo-community` channel to your `mojoproject.toml`, e.g:
+
    ```toml
    [project]
    channels = ["conda-forge", "https://conda.modular.com/max", "https://repo.prefix.dev/mojo-community"]
    ```
+
 2. Add `lightbug_http` as a dependency:
+
    ```toml
    [dependencies]
    lightbug_http = ">=0.1.5"
    ```
+
 3. Run `magic install` at the root of your project, where `mojoproject.toml` is located
 4. Lightbug should now be installed as a dependency. You can import all the default imports at once, e.g:
+
     ```mojo
     from lightbug_http import *
     ```
+
     or import individual structs and functions, e.g. 
+
     ```mojo
     from lightbug_http.service import HTTPService
     from lightbug_http.http import HTTPRequest, HTTPResponse, OK, NotFound
     ```
+
     there are some default handlers you can play with:
+
     ```mojo
     from lightbug_http.service import Printer # prints request details to console
     from lightbug_http.service import Welcome # serves an HTML file with an image (currently requires manually adding files to static folder, details below)
     from lightbug_http.service import ExampleRouter # serves /, /first, /second, and /echo routes
     ```
+
 5. Add your handler in `lightbug.🔥` by passing a struct that satisfies the following trait:
+
    ```mojo
    trait HTTPService:
-    fn func(self, req: HTTPRequest) raises -> HTTPResponse:
+    fn func(inout self, req: HTTPRequest) raises -> HTTPResponse:
         ...
    ```
+
    For example, to make a `Printer` service that prints some details about the request to console:
+
    ```mojo
     from lightbug_http import *
 
     @value
     struct Printer(HTTPService):
-        fn func(self, req: HTTPRequest) raises -> HTTPResponse:
+        fn func(inout self, req: HTTPRequest) raises -> HTTPResponse:
             var uri = req.uri
             print("Request URI: ", to_string(uri.request_uri))
 
@@ -104,7 +117,9 @@ Once you have a Mojo project set up locally,
 
             return OK(body)
    ```
-6. Start a server listening on a port with your service like so. 
+
+6. Start a server listening on a port with your service like so.
+
     ```mojo
     from lightbug_http import Welcome, Server
 
@@ -113,20 +128,22 @@ Once you have a Mojo project set up locally,
         var handler = Welcome()
         server.listen_and_serve("0.0.0.0:8080", handler)
     ```
+
 Feel free to change the settings in `listen_and_serve()` to serve on a particular host and port.
 
 Now send a request `0.0.0.0:8080`. You should see some details about the request printed out to the console.
-   
+
 Congrats 🥳 You're using Lightbug!
 
 
 Routing is not in scope for this library, but you can easily set up routes yourself:
+
 ```mojo
 from lightbug_http import *
 
 @value
 struct ExampleRouter(HTTPService):
-    fn func(self, req: HTTPRequest) raises -> HTTPResponse:
+    fn func(inout self, req: HTTPRequest) raises -> HTTPResponse:
         var body = req.body_raw
         var uri = req.uri
 
@@ -156,7 +173,7 @@ from lightbug_http import *
 
 @value
 struct Welcome(HTTPService):
-    fn func(self, req: HTTPRequest) raises -> HTTPResponse:
+    fn func(inout self, req: HTTPRequest) raises -> HTTPResponse:
         var uri = req.uri
 
         if uri.path == "/":
@@ -216,10 +233,13 @@ fn main() -> None:
 Pure Mojo-based client is available by default. This client is also used internally for testing the server.
 
 ## Switching between pure Mojo and Python implementations
+
 By default, Lightbug uses the pure Mojo implementation for networking. To use Python's `socket` library instead, just import the `PythonServer` instead of the `Server` with the following line:
+
 ```mojo
 from lightbug_http.python.server import PythonServer
 ```
+
 You can then use all the regular server commands in the same way as with the default server.
 Note: as of September, 2024, `PythonServer` and `PythonClient` throw a compilation error when starting. There's an open [issue](https://github.com/saviorand/lightbug_http/issues/41) to fix this - contributions welcome!
 

lightbug_http/__init__.mojo

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from lightbug_http.http import HTTPRequest, HTTPResponse, OK, NotFound, StatusCo
 from lightbug_http.uri import URI
 from lightbug_http.header import Header, Headers, HeaderKey
 from lightbug_http.cookie import Cookie, RequestCookieJar, ResponseCookieJar
-from lightbug_http.service import HTTPService, Welcome
+from lightbug_http.service import HTTPService, Welcome, Counter
 from lightbug_http.server import Server
 from lightbug_http.strings import to_string
 

lightbug_http/cookie/cookie.mojo

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from collections import Optional
 from lightbug_http.header import HeaderKey
 
+
 struct Cookie(CollectionElement):
     alias EXPIRES = "Expires"
     alias MAX_AGE = "Max-Age"
@@ -25,7 +26,6 @@ struct Cookie(CollectionElement):
     var path: Optional[String]
     var max_age: Optional[Duration]
 
-
     @staticmethod
     fn from_set_header(header_str: String) raises -> Self:
         var parts = header_str.split(Cookie.SEPERATOR)
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ struct Cookie(CollectionElement):
             elif part.startswith(Cookie.MAX_AGE):
                 cookie.max_age = Duration.from_string(part.removeprefix(Cookie.MAX_AGE + Cookie.EQUAL))
             elif part.startswith(Cookie.EXPIRES):
-                var expires =  Expiration.from_string(part.removeprefix(Cookie.EXPIRES + Cookie.EQUAL))
+                var expires = Expiration.from_string(part.removeprefix(Cookie.EXPIRES + Cookie.EQUAL))
                 if expires:
                     cookie.expires = expires.value()
 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ struct Cookie(CollectionElement):
         self.partitioned = partitioned
 
     fn __str__(self) -> String:
-        return "Name: " +  self.name + " Value: " + self.value
+        return "Name: " + self.name + " Value: " + self.value
 
     fn __copyinit__(inout self: Cookie, existing: Cookie):
         self.name = existing.name
@@ -120,7 +120,6 @@ struct Cookie(CollectionElement):
         return Header(HeaderKey.SET_COOKIE, self.build_header_value())
 
     fn build_header_value(self) -> String:
-
         var header_value = self.name + Cookie.EQUAL + self.value
         if self.expires.is_datetime():
             var v = self.expires.http_date_timestamp()

lightbug_http/cookie/duration.mojo

@@ -1,14 +1,8 @@
 @value
-struct Duration():
+struct Duration:
     var total_seconds: Int
 
-    fn __init__(
-        inout self,
-        seconds: Int = 0,
-        minutes: Int = 0,
-        hours: Int = 0,
-        days: Int = 0
-    ):
+    fn __init__(inout self, seconds: Int = 0, minutes: Int = 0, hours: Int = 0, days: Int = 0):
         self.total_seconds = seconds
         self.total_seconds += minutes * 60
         self.total_seconds += hours * 60 * 60

lightbug_http/cookie/expiration.mojo

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 alias HTTP_DATE_FORMAT = "ddd, DD MMM YYYY HH:mm:ss ZZZ"
 alias TZ_GMT = TimeZone(0, "GMT")
 
+
 @value
 struct Expiration:
     var variant: UInt8

lightbug_http/cookie/request_cookie_jar.mojo

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from lightbug_http.strings import to_string, lineBreak
 from lightbug_http.header import HeaderKey, write_header
 from lightbug_http.utils import ByteReader, ByteWriter, is_newline, is_space
 
+
 @value
 struct RequestCookieJar(Formattable, Stringable):
     var _inner: Dict[String, String]
@@ -34,7 +35,6 @@ struct RequestCookieJar(Formattable, Stringable):
             # TODO value must be "unquoted"
             self._inner[key] = value
 
-
     @always_inline
     fn empty(self) -> Bool:
         return len(self._inner) == 0

lightbug_http/cookie/response_cookie_jar.mojo

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ struct ResponseCookieKey(KeyElement):
         inout self,
         name: String,
         domain: Optional[String] = Optional[String](None),
-        path: Optional[String] = Optional[String](None)
+        path: Optional[String] = Optional[String](None),
     ):
         self.name = name
         self.domain = domain.or_else("")
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ struct ResponseCookieKey(KeyElement):
     fn __hash__(self: Self) -> UInt:
         return hash(self.name + "~" + self.domain + "~" + self.path)
 
+
 @value
 struct ResponseCookieJar(Formattable, Stringable):
     var _inner: Dict[ResponseCookieKey, Cookie]
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ struct ResponseCookieJar(Formattable, Stringable):
         return to_string(self)
 
     fn __len__(self) -> Int:
-       return len(self._inner)
+        return len(self._inner)
 
     @always_inline
     fn set_cookie(inout self, cookie: Cookie):
@@ -86,7 +87,6 @@ struct ResponseCookieJar(Formattable, Stringable):
     fn empty(self) -> Bool:
         return len(self) == 0
 
-
     fn from_headers(inout self, headers: List[String]) raises:
         for header in headers:
             try:
@@ -97,10 +97,9 @@ struct ResponseCookieJar(Formattable, Stringable):
     fn encode_to(inout self, inout writer: ByteWriter):
         for cookie in self._inner.values():
             var v = cookie[].build_header_value()
-            write_header(writer, HeaderKey.SET_COOKIE , v)
-
+            write_header(writer, HeaderKey.SET_COOKIE, v)
 
     fn format_to(self, inout writer: Formatter):
         for cookie in self._inner.values():
             var v = cookie[].build_header_value()
-            write_header(writer, HeaderKey.SET_COOKIE , v)
+            write_header(writer, HeaderKey.SET_COOKIE, v)

lightbug_http/cookie/same_site.mojo

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 @value
-struct SameSite():
-    var value : UInt8
+struct SameSite:
+    var value: UInt8
 
     alias none = SameSite(0)
     alias lax = SameSite(1)

lightbug_http/http/request.mojo

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ struct HTTPRequest(Formattable, Stringable):
         var protocol: String
         var uri_str: String
         try:
-            var rest =  headers.parse_raw(reader)
+            var rest = headers.parse_raw(reader)
             method, uri_str, protocol = rest[0], rest[1], rest[2]
         except e:
             raise Error("Failed to parse request headers: " + e.__str__())
@@ -89,7 +89,6 @@ struct HTTPRequest(Formattable, Stringable):
         if HeaderKey.HOST not in self.headers:
             self.headers[HeaderKey.HOST] = uri.host
 
-
     fn set_connection_close(inout self):
         self.headers[HeaderKey.CONNECTION] = "close"
 

lightbug_http/http/response.mojo

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ struct HTTPResponse(Formattable, Stringable):
         var status_text: String
 
         try:
-            var properties =  headers.parse_raw(reader)
+            var properties = headers.parse_raw(reader)
             protocol, status_code, status_text = properties[0], properties[1], properties[2]
             cookies.from_headers(properties[3])
             reader.skip_newlines()

lightbug_http/server.mojo

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ struct Server:
             concurrency = DefaultConcurrency
         return concurrency
 
-    fn listen_and_serve[T: HTTPService](inout self, address: String, handler: T) raises -> None:
+    fn listen_and_serve[T: HTTPService](inout self, address: String, inout handler: T) raises -> None:
         """
         Listen for incoming connections and serve HTTP requests.
 
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ struct Server:
         _ = self.set_address(address)
         self.serve(listener, handler)
 
-    fn serve[T: HTTPService](inout self, ln: NoTLSListener, handler: T) raises -> None:
+    fn serve[T: HTTPService](inout self, ln: NoTLSListener, inout handler: T) raises -> None:
         """
         Serve HTTP requests.
 
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ struct Server:
             var conn = self.ln.accept()
             self.serve_connection(conn, handler)
 
-    fn serve_connection[T: HTTPService](inout self, conn: SysConnection, handler: T) raises -> None:
+    fn serve_connection[T: HTTPService](inout self, conn: SysConnection, inout handler: T) raises -> None:
         """
         Serve a single connection.
 

lightbug_http/service.mojo

@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ from lightbug_http.header import HeaderKey
 
 
 trait HTTPService:
-    fn func(self, req: HTTPRequest) raises -> HTTPResponse:
+    fn func(inout self, req: HTTPRequest) raises -> HTTPResponse:
         ...
 
 
 @value
 struct Printer(HTTPService):
-    fn func(self, req: HTTPRequest) raises -> HTTPResponse:
+    fn func(inout self, req: HTTPRequest) raises -> HTTPResponse:
         var uri = req.uri
         print("Request URI: ", to_string(uri.request_uri))
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ struct Printer(HTTPService):
 
 @value
 struct Welcome(HTTPService):
-    fn func(self, req: HTTPRequest) raises -> HTTPResponse:
+    fn func(inout self, req: HTTPRequest) raises -> HTTPResponse:
         var uri = req.uri
 
         if uri.path == "/":
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ struct Welcome(HTTPService):
 
 @value
 struct ExampleRouter(HTTPService):
-    fn func(self, req: HTTPRequest) raises -> HTTPResponse:
+    fn func(inout self, req: HTTPRequest) raises -> HTTPResponse:
         var body = req.body_raw
         var uri = req.uri
 
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ struct ExampleRouter(HTTPService):
 
 @value
 struct TechEmpowerRouter(HTTPService):
-    fn func(self, req: HTTPRequest) raises -> HTTPResponse:
+    fn func(inout self, req: HTTPRequest) raises -> HTTPResponse:
         var uri = req.uri
 
         if uri.path == "/plaintext":
@@ -75,3 +75,15 @@ struct TechEmpowerRouter(HTTPService):
             return OK('{"message": "Hello, World!"}', "application/json")
 
         return OK("Hello world!")  # text/plain is the default
+
+
+@value
+struct Counter(HTTPService):
+    var counter: Int
+
+    fn __init__(inout self):
+        self.counter = 0
+
+    fn func(inout self, req: HTTPRequest) raises -> HTTPResponse:
+        self.counter += 1
+        return OK("I have been called: " + str(self.counter) + " times")

lightbug_http/strings.mojo

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from utils import Span
+from utils import Span, StringSlice
 from lightbug_http.io.bytes import Bytes
 from lightbug_http.io.bytes import Bytes, bytes, byte
 
@@ -107,12 +107,10 @@ fn to_string(b: Span[UInt8]) -> String:
     Args:
         b: The Span of bytes to convert to a String.
     """
-    var bytes = List[UInt8, True](b)
-    bytes.append(0)
-    return String(bytes^)
+    return String(StringSlice(unsafe_from_utf8=b))
 
 
-fn to_string(owned bytes: List[UInt8, True]) -> String:
+fn to_string(owned bytes: Bytes) -> String:
     """Creates a String from the provided List of bytes.
     If you do not transfer ownership of the List, the List will be copied.