simplify the gha jdk selection and enable the build cache for graalvm #4856

All 10 513 436 tests pass in 2h 52m 7s

10 513 436 tests ±0 10 513 436 ✅ ±0 2h 52m 7s ⏱️ ±0s
1 051 suites ±0 0 💤 ±0
1 051 files ±0 0 ❌ ±0

Results for commit 1a3fde1. ± Comparison against earlier commit 9ce7876.