DynamoDBEntryConversion AOT compatibility

[Dreamescaper]

Related to #2542.

I was looking into improving AOT compatibility for DynamoDB.
With this PR all DynamoDbEntryConverion-related types are AOT compatible.

(That doesn't make DynamoDbContext AOT compatible as a whole, but it makes it much better, and is an important building block on the way there)

Description

• Converters do not have GetTargetTypes method anymore, therefore they don't need to construct generic types.
• Converters are created lazily using Factories, which create a converter based on target type.
• Converters themselves are mostly reflection free, e.g. CollectionConverters create and populate collections via ToList/ToArray/etc methods instead of reflection.
• In order to do that, Collection converters are generic now.

Motivation and Context

Make DynamoDb closer to being AOT-compatible. Having Converters fully AOT-compatible allows to use them in source-generated code in future.
Even this PR on itself heavily improves AOT compatibility. You still have to set your assembly as TrimmerRootAssembly (because of reflection), but at least DynamoDbContext internals don't fail anymore.

And the performance is better (both steady and cold-start).

Testing

I've added a lot of tests for DynamoDBEntryConversion for both V1 and V2.

I've added a small Aot project, which I have tested using Local DynamoDb. I failed due triming issues before, but works fine now.
It doesn't support nested object (which is expected without a source generator), but it could be resolved by adding TrimmerRootAssembly to csproj file.

In order to test performance impact, I have created the following benchmark:

Benchmark

  [SimpleJob]
  [SimpleJob(RunStrategy.ColdStart, launchCount: 40, iterationCount: 1, invocationCount: 1)]
  [MemoryDiagnoser]
  [MinColumn, MaxColumn, MeanColumn]
  public class ConversionBenchmark
  {
      private static readonly int[] Array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
      private static readonly List<int> List = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
      private static readonly Primitive IntPrimitive = new("42", true);
      private static readonly PrimitiveList PrimitiveList = new(DynamoDBEntryType.Numeric) { Entries = [new("1", true), new("2", true), new("3", true)] };
      private static readonly DynamoDBList DynamoDBList = new([new Primitive("1", true), new Primitive("2", true), new Primitive("3", true)]);

      [Benchmark]
      public void ConvertToEntry_Int()
      {
          _ = DynamoDBEntryConversion.V2.ConvertToEntry(128);
      }

      [Benchmark]
      public void ConvertToEntry_Array()
      {
          _ = DynamoDBEntryConversion.V2.ConvertToEntry(Array);
      }

      [Benchmark]
      public void ConvertToEntry_List()
      {
          _ = DynamoDBEntryConversion.V2.ConvertToEntry(List);
      }

      [Benchmark]
      public void ConvertFromEntry_IntPrimitive()
      {
          _ = DynamoDBEntryConversion.V2.ConvertFromEntry<int>(IntPrimitive);
      }

      [Benchmark]
      public void ConvertFromEntry_PrimitiveListToArray()
      {
          _ = DynamoDBEntryConversion.V2.ConvertFromEntry<int[]>(PrimitiveList);
      }

      [Benchmark]
      public void ConvertFromEntry_DynamoDbListToList()
      {
          _ = DynamoDBEntryConversion.V2.ConvertFromEntry<List<int>>(DynamoDBList);
      }
  }

Benchmark results

Simple job (main):

Method	Mean	Error	StdDev	Min	Max	Gen0	Allocated
ConvertToEntry_Int	28.88 ns	0.592 ns	0.770 ns	27.83 ns	30.23 ns	0.0134	56 B
ConvertToEntry_Array	841.20 ns	16.028 ns	15.742 ns	814.28 ns	864.23 ns	0.1812	761 B
ConvertToEntry_List	586.41 ns	11.369 ns	17.700 ns	560.29 ns	631.60 ns	0.1850	776 B
ConvertFromEntry_IntPrimitive	25.09 ns	0.493 ns	0.506 ns	23.89 ns	25.88 ns	0.0057	24 B
ConvertFromEntry_PrimitiveListToArray	824.03 ns	16.343 ns	18.166 ns	783.82 ns	853.90 ns	0.2537	1064 B
ConvertFromEntry_DynamoDbListToList	644.30 ns	12.341 ns	12.120 ns	618.45 ns	660.40 ns	0.1812	760 B

Simple job (this branch):

Method	Mean	Error	StdDev	Min	Max	Gen0	Allocated
ConvertToEntry_Int	26.24 ns	0.550 ns	0.654 ns	25.41 ns	27.77 ns	0.0134	56 B
ConvertToEntry_Array	289.38 ns	3.258 ns	2.888 ns	284.92 ns	295.16 ns	0.1526	640 B
ConvertToEntry_List	311.13 ns	6.162 ns	7.792 ns	301.78 ns	327.60 ns	0.1545	648 B
ConvertFromEntry_IntPrimitive	22.75 ns	0.480 ns	0.673 ns	21.79 ns	24.12 ns	0.0057	24 B
ConvertFromEntry_PrimitiveListToArray	165.50 ns	3.303 ns	6.205 ns	156.90 ns	184.56 ns	0.0610	256 B
ConvertFromEntry_DynamoDbListToList	158.07 ns	2.776 ns	2.597 ns	154.61 ns	162.72 ns	0.0591	248 B

Cold start (main):

Method	Mean	Error	StdDev	Min	Max
ConvertToEntry_Int	9.856 ms	0.5121 ms	0.9103 ms	8.934 ms	13.84 ms
ConvertToEntry_Array	12.668 ms	0.4000 ms	0.7111 ms	11.368 ms	15.49 ms
ConvertToEntry_List	12.843 ms	0.5912 ms	1.0509 ms	11.667 ms	16.64 ms
ConvertFromEntry_IntPrimitive	11.168 ms	0.8159 ms	1.4503 ms	9.972 ms	18.01 ms
ConvertFromEntry_PrimitiveListToArray	12.760 ms	0.9900 ms	1.7596 ms	11.370 ms	22.73 ms
ConvertFromEntry_DynamoDbListToList	12.646 ms	0.6049 ms	1.0752 ms	11.445 ms	17.80 ms

Cold start (this branch):

Method	Mean	Error	StdDev	Min	Max
ConvertToEntry_Int	3.625 ms	0.2369 ms	0.4212 ms	3.182 ms	5.348 ms
ConvertToEntry_Array	6.181 ms	0.2995 ms	0.5323 ms	5.355 ms	7.493 ms
ConvertToEntry_List	6.324 ms	0.4865 ms	0.8648 ms	5.448 ms	9.297 ms
ConvertFromEntry_IntPrimitive	5.166 ms	0.3534 ms	0.6283 ms	4.324 ms	6.921 ms
ConvertFromEntry_PrimitiveListToArray	6.329 ms	0.4266 ms	0.7582 ms	5.549 ms	9.364 ms
ConvertFromEntry_DynamoDbListToList	6.303 ms	0.2682 ms	0.4767 ms	5.527 ms	7.334 ms

As you can see, there is a significant performance improvement both in speed and memory use, mostly for collection conversions.

Screenshots (if appropriate)

Types of changes

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to change)

Checklist

• My code follows the code style of this project
• My change requires a change to the documentation
• I have updated the documentation accordingly
• I have read the README document
• I have added tests to cover my changes
• All new and existing tests passed

License

• I confirm that this pull request can be released under the Apache 2 license

[Dreamescaper]

I was looking into ways to improve AOT compatibility (and performance), and decided to rework a bit DynamoDBEntryConversion.

Since it's a substantial piece of work, I decided to create a Draft PR (without tests, maybe something else) for further discussion.

[danielmarbach]

FYI I have written for NServiceBus DynamoDB persistence a system.text.json based wrapper that also allows to plug in source generated json context.

https://github.com/Particular/NServiceBus.Persistence.DynamoDB/blob/main/src/NServiceBus.Persistence.DynamoDB/Serialization/Mapper.cs

The approach is fairly library like and we would be happy to contribute it back to the AWS SDK if it can be plugged into the dynamodb context.

Simple Class Serialization and Deserialization

Nested Class Serialization and Deserialization

Benchmark

And these numbers are already quite old and would probably look even better today on NET8

[Dreamescaper]

@normj
Sorry for bothering. Do you have any questions or concerns regarding this PR?
While it doesn't fully solve AOT issues, that's still a first building block, and even by itself it makes the situation much better.

Still, if you think that it's too big of a change or goes in unwanted direction - feel free to close this PR, I would be fine with that as well :)

[Dreamescaper]

Having a separate targetType parameter for a generic Converter kindof defeats the purpose, and not really AOT-friendly, therefore I have removed it.

The only Converter to actually use it is EnumConverter: Converter<Enum>. But it doesn't make any value to have an Enum generic argument, so I've updated it to inherit from non-generic Converter.

(Not a public API, so no breaking changes here)

[Dreamescaper]

Previously all the converters were created upfront, but now they are created lazily, when requested. Therefore, ConcurrentDictionary is used for cache, as it is possible that converter is requested from multiple threads at the same time.

[Dreamescaper]

Existing methods ItemsToCollection (above) theoretically supports any collection type with Add method.
This new one - only array, List, and HashSet.
However, CollectionConverter doesn't support any other collection types (and never did), so no breaking changes here.

[Dreamescaper]

I've added explaining comments, removed unrelated changes, and added tests.
With that, I think this PR should be ready for merging.

[Dreamescaper]

Updated target branch to v4-development

[Dreamescaper]

There is an existing generic method ConvertFromEntry<T>, but there was no generic method for multiple entries