Remove Ventura Support

[BetsyMcPhail]

Part of #21910

1. Document current status Do this first, before making any changes

• Document current split of Ventura vs Sonoma jobs to use as reference when Sequoia is added

2. Switch Ventura-only jobs to Sonoma (excluding wheel/packaging/staging) Complete in any order, at any time

• Jenkins: Switch cache check and keepalive jobs to Sonoma - https://github.com/RobotLocomotion/drake-jenkins-jobs/pull/150
• Doc: Switch mac examples from Ventura to Sonoma. Notably this does NOT include updating the officially supported version OR updating the release playbook - [doc] Move Mac examples from Ventura to Sonoma #21983
• Switch pre-merge job to Sonoma https://github.com/RobotLocomotion/drake-jenkins-jobs/pull/153 and https://github.com/RobotLocomotion/drake-jenkins-jobs/pull/154
• Update D-E-E to Sonoma Upgrade macOS builds to Sonoma (14) and switch to arm64 drake-external-examples#288

3. Switch packaging, wheel and staging jobs to Sonoma Coordinate with release schedule, deploy last 3 changes together

• drake-jenkins-jobs: Add Sonoma experimental packaging and wheel jobs (if don't exist, do this first) https://github.com/RobotLocomotion/drake-jenkins-jobs/pull/151
• drake-jenkins-jobs: Move packaging and wheel jobs to Sonoma https://github.com/RobotLocomotion/drake-jenkins-jobs/pull/152
• drake-ci: Switch packaging to Sonoma Switch Mac packaging from Ventura to Sonoma drake-ci#292
• drake: Update release playbook, download_release_candidate script and other documentation. Move Mac packaging and wheel jobs to Sonoma #21984

4. Remove Ventura Support Coordinate with Ventura "end of life" date, implement one at a time, in order

• drake doc: Remove Ventura from list of supported platforms. Add Sequoia as TBD [doc] Remove official support of macOS 13 (Ventura) #22004
• drake-jenkins-jobs: Remove remaining Ventura jobs (at this point there shouldn't be any Ventura-only jobs) https://github.com/RobotLocomotion/drake-jenkins-jobs/pull/155
• drake-ci: Remove remaining mentions of Ventura Remove support for Ventura drake-ci#293

[BetsyMcPhail]

Continuous
mac-arm-sonoma-clang-bazel-continuous-release
mac-arm-ventura-clang-bazel-continuous-release
mac-arm-ventura-continuous-cache-server-health-check

Nightly
mac-arm-sonoma-clang-bazel-nightly-everything-release
mac-arm-sonoma-clang-cmake-nightly-everything-release
mac-arm-sonoma-clang-cmake-nightly-release
mac-arm-sonoma-unprovisioned-clang-bazel-nightly-release
mac-arm-ventura-clang-bazel-nightly-everything-release
mac-arm-ventura-clang-cmake-nightly-everything-release
mac-arm-ventura-clang-cmake-nightly-release
mac-arm-ventura-nightly-cache-server-health-check
mac-arm-ventura-unprovisioned-clang-bazel-nightly-release
mac-arm-ventura-unprovisioned-clang-cmake-nightly-packaging
mac-arm-ventura-unprovisioned-clang-wheel-nightly-release

Pre-Merge
mac-arm-ventura-clang-bazel-experimental-release

Staging
mac-arm-ventura-unprovisioned-clang-cmake-staging-packaging
mac-arm-ventura-unprovisioned-clang-wheel-staging-release

Other
mac-arm-ventura-keepalive

[BetsyMcPhail]

Ensure wheel and packaging experimental jobs run successfully:

mac-arm-sonoma-unprovisioned-clang-cmake-experimental-packaging
mac-arm-sonoma-unprovisioned-clang-wheel-experimental-release

[BetsyMcPhail]

The last remaining tasks to fully remove Ventura is to 1. remove the images from orka and 2. remove ventura from Jenkins cloud configuration. It probably makes sense to do those tasks in coordination with adding Sequoia, so I am going to add them to the parent issue and call this done.