flake8-simplify

A flake8 plugin that helps you simplify your code.

Installation

Install with pip:

pip install flake8-simplify

Python 3.8 to 3.11 are supported.

Usage

Just call flake8 . in your package or flake your.py:

$ flake8 .
./foo/__init__.py:690:12: SIM101 Multiple isinstance-calls which can be merged into a single call for variable 'other'

Rules

Python-specific rules:

• SIM101: Multiple isinstance-calls which can be merged into a single call by using a tuple as a second argument (example)
• SIM104 : Use 'yield from iterable' (introduced in Python 3.3, see PEP 380) (example)
• SIM105: Use 'contextlib.suppress(...)' instead of try-except-pass (example)
• SIM107: Don't use return in try/except and finally (example)
• SIM108: Use the ternary operator if it's reasonable (example)
• SIM109: Use a tuple to compare a value against multiple values (example)
• SIM110: Use any(...) (example)
• SIM111: Use all(...) (example)
• SIM113: Use enumerate instead of manually incrementing a counter (example)
• SIM114: Combine conditions via a logical or to prevent duplicating code (example)
• SIM115: Use context handler for opening files (example)
• SIM116: Use a dictionary instead of many if/else equality checks (example)
• SIM117: Merge with-statements that use the same scope (example)
• SIM119: Moved to flake8-scream due to issue 63
• SIM120 : Use 'class FooBar:' instead of 'class FooBar(object):' (example)
• SIM121: Reserved for SIM908 once it's stable
• SIM125: Reserved for SIM905 once it's stable
• SIM126: Reserved for SIM906 once it's stable
• SIM127: Reserved for SIM907 once it's stable

Simplifying Comparisons:

• SIM201: Use 'a != b' instead of 'not a == b' (example)
• SIM202: Use 'a == b' instead of 'not a != b' (example)
• SIM203: Use 'a not in b' instead of 'not (a in b)' (example)
• SIM204: Moved to flake8-scream due to issue 116
• SIM205: Moved to flake8-scream due to issue 116
• SIM206: Moved to flake8-scream due to issue 116
• SIM207: Moved to flake8-scream due to issue 116
• SIM208: Use 'a' instead of 'not (not a)' (example)
• SIM210: Use 'bool(a)' instead of 'True if a else False' (example)
• SIM211: Use 'not a' instead of 'False if a else True' (example)
• SIM212: Use 'a if a else b' instead of 'b if not a else a' (example)
• SIM220: Use 'False' instead of 'a and not a' (example)
• SIM221: Use 'True' instead of 'a or not a' (example)
• SIM222: Use 'True' instead of '... or True' (example)
• SIM223: Use 'False' instead of '... and False' (example)
• SIM224: Reserved for SIM901 once it's stable
• SIM300: Use 'age == 42' instead of '42 == age' (example)

Simplifying usage of dictionaries:

• SIM401: Use 'a_dict.get(key, "default_value")' instead of an if-block (example)
• SIM118: Use 'key in dict' instead of 'key in dict.keys()' (example)
• SIM119 Reserved for SIM911 once it's stable

General Code Style:

• SIM102: Use a single if-statement instead of nested if-statements (example)
• SIM103: Return the boolean condition directly (example)
• SIM106: Handle error-cases first (example). This rule was removed due to too many false-positives.
• SIM112: Use CAPITAL environment variables (example)
• SIM122 / SIM902: Moved to flake8-scream due to issue 125
• SIM123 / SIM902: Moved to flake8-scream due to issue 130
• SIM124: Reserved for SIM909 once it's stable

Experimental rules:

Getting rules right for every possible case is hard. I don't want to disturb peoples workflows. For this reason, flake8-simplify introduces new rules with the SIM9 prefix. Every new rule will start with SIM9 and stay there for at least 6 months. In this time people can give feedback. Once the rule is stable, the code will change to another number.

Current experimental rules:

• SIM901: Use comparisons directly instead of wrapping them in a bool(...) call (example)
• SIM904: Assign values to dictionary directly at initialization (example)
• SIM905: Split string directly if only constants are used (example)
• SIM906: Merge nested os.path.join calls (example)
• SIM907: Use Optional[Type] instead of Union[Type, None] (example)
• SIM908: Use dict.get(key) (example)
• SIM909: Avoid reflexive assignments (example)
• SIM910: Avoid to use dict.get(key, None) (example)
• SIM911: Avoid using zip(dict.keys(), dict.values()) (example)

Disabling Rules

You might have good reasons to ignore some flake8 rules. To do that, use the standard Flake8 configuration. For example, within the setup.cfg file:

[flake8]
ignore = SIM106, SIM113, SIM119, SIM9

Examples

SIM101

# Bad
isinstance(a, int) or isinstance(a, float)

# Good
isinstance(a, (int, float))

SIM102

# Bad
if a:
    if b:
        c

# Good
if a and b:
    c

SIM105

# Bad
try:
    foo()
except ValueError:
    pass

# Good
from contextlib import suppress

with suppress(ValueError):
    foo()

Please note that contextlib.suppress is roughly 3x slower than try/except (source).

SIM107

# Bad: This example returns 3!
def foo():
    try:
        1 / 0
        return "1"
    except:
        return "2"
    finally:
        return "3"


# Good
def foo():
    return_value = None
    try:
        1 / 0
        return_value = "1"
    except:
        return_value = "2"
    finally:
        return_value = "3"  # you might also want to check if "except" happened
    return return_value

SIM108

# Bad
if a:
    b = c
else:
    b = d

# Good
b = c if a else d

SIM109

# Bad
if a == b or a == c:
    d

# Good
if a in (b, c):
    d

SIM110

# Bad
for x in iterable:
    if check(x):
        return True
return False

# Good
return any(check(x) for x in iterable)

SIM111

# Bad
for x in iterable:
    if check(x):
        return False
return True

# Good
return all(not check(x) for x in iterable)

SIM112

# Bad
os.environ["foo"]
os.environ.get("bar")

# Good
os.environ["FOO"]
os.environ.get("BAR")

SIM113

Using enumerate in simple cases like the loops below is a tiny bit easier to read as the reader does not have to figure out where / when the loop variable is incremented (or if it is incremented in multiple places).

# Bad
idx = 0
for el in iterable:
    ...
    idx += 1

# Good
for idx, el in enumerate(iterable):
    ...

SIM114

# Bad
if a:
    b
elif c:
    b

# Good
if a or c:
    b

SIM115

# Bad
f = open(...)
...  # (do something with f)
f.close()

# Good
with open(...) as f:
    ...  # (do something with f)

SIM116

# Bad
if a == "foo":
    return "bar"
elif a == "bar":
    return "baz"
elif a == "boo":
    return "ooh"
else:
    return 42

# Good
mapping = {"foo": "bar", "bar": "baz", "boo": "ooh"}
return mapping.get(a, 42)

SIM117

# Bad
with A() as a:
    with B() as b:
        print("hello")

# Good
with A() as a, B() as b:
    print("hello")

Thank you for pointing this one out, Aaron Gokaslan!

SIM118

# Bad
key in a_dict.keys()

# Good
key in a_dict

Thank you for pointing this one out, Aaron Gokaslan!

SIM120

# Bad
class FooBar(object):
    ...


# Good
class FooBar:
    ...

Both notations are equivalent in Python 3, but the second one is shorter.

SIM201

# Bad
not a == b

# Good
a != b

SIM202

# Bad
not a != b

# Good
a == b

SIM203

# Bad
not a in b

# Good
a not in b

SIM208

# Bad
not (not a)

# Good
a

SIM210

# Bad
True if a else False

# Good
bool(a)

SIM211

# Bad
False if a else True

# Good
not a

SIM212

# Bad
b if not a else a

# Good
a if a else b

SIM220

# Bad
a and not a

# Good
False

SIM221

# Bad
a or not a

# Good
True

SIM222

# Bad
... or True

# Good
True

SIM223

# Bad
... and False

# Good
False

SIM300

# Bad; This is called a "Yoda-Condition"
42 == age

# Good
age == 42

SIM401

# Bad
if key in a_dict:
    value = a_dict[key]
else:
    value = "default_value"

# Good
thing = a_dict.get(key, "default_value")

SIM901

This rule will be renamed to SIM224 after its 6-month trial period is over. Please report any issues you encounter with this rule!

The trial period starts on 23rd of January and will end on 23rd of August 2022.

# Bad
bool(a == b)

# Good
a == b

SIM904

This rule will be renamed to SIM224 after its 6-month trial period is over. Please report any issues you encounter with this rule!

The trial period starts on 12th of February and will end on 12th of September 2022.

# Bad
a = {}
a["b"] = "c"

# Good
a = {"b": "c"}

SIM905

This rule will be renamed to SIM225 after its 6-month trial period is over. Please report any issues you encounter with this rule!

The trial period starts on 13th of February and will end on 13th of September 2022.

# Bad
domains = "de com net org".split()

# Good
domains = ["de", "com", "net", "org"]

SIM906

This rule will be renamed to SIM126 after its 6-month trial period is over. Please report any issues you encounter with this rule!

The trial period starts on 20th of February and will end on 20th of September 2022.

# Bad
os.path.join(a, os.path.join(b, c))

# Good
os.path.join(a, b, c)

SIM907

This rule will be renamed to SIM127 after its 6-month trial period is over. Please report any issues you encounter with this rule!

The trial period starts on 28th of March and will end on 28th of September 2022.

# Bad
def foo(a: Union[int, None]) -> Union[int, None]:
    return a


# Good
def foo(a: Optional[int]) -> Optional[int]:
    return a

SIM908

This rule will be renamed to SIM121 after its 6-month trial period is over. Please report any issues you encounter with this rule!

The trial period starts on 28th of March and will end on 28th of September 2022.

# Bad
name = "some_default"
if "some_key" in some_dict:
    name = some_dict["some_key"]

# Good
name = some_dict.get("some_key", "some_default")

SIM909

Thank you Ryan Delaney for the idea!

This rule will be renamed to SIM124 after its 6-month trial period is over. Please report any issues you encounter with this rule!

The trial period starts on 28th of March and will end on 28th of September 2022.

# Bad
foo = foo

# Good: Nothing. Reflexive assignments have no purpose.

or

# Bad
foo = foo = 42

# Good
foo = 42

SIM910

# Bad
dict.get(key, None)

# Good
dict.get(key)