Tracy - PHP debugger

Tracy library is a useful helper for everyday PHP programmers. It helps you to:

• quickly detect and correct errors
• log errors
• dump variables
• measure execution time of scripts/queries
• see memory consumption

PHP is a perfect language for making hardly detectable errors because it gives a great flexibility to programmers. Tracy\Debugger is more valuable because of that. It is a ultimate tool among the diagnostic ones. If you are meeting Tracy the first time, believe me, your life starts to be divided one before the Tracy and the one with her. Welcome to the good part!

Installation and requirements

The best way how to install Tracy is to download a latest package or use a Composer:

php composer.phar require tracy/tracy

Tracy requires PHP version 5.3.0 or newer (master requires PHP 5.4.4).

Usage

Activating Tracy is easy. Simply add these two lines of code, preferably just after library loading (using require 'src/tracy.php' or via Composer):

use Tracy\Debugger;

Debugger::enable();

The first thing you will notice on the website is a Debugger Bar.

Debugger Bar

The Debugger Bar is a floating panel. It is displayed in the bottom right corner of a page. You can move it using the mouse. It will remember its position after the page reloading.

You can add other useful panels into the Debugger Bar. You can find interesing ones in Addons or you can create your own.

Visualization of errors and exceptions

Surely, you know how PHP reports errors: there is something like this in the page source code:

<b>Parse error</b>:  syntax error, unexpected '}' in <b>HomepagePresenter.php</b> on line <b>15</b>

or uncaught exception:

<b>Fatal error</b>:  Uncaught Nette\MemberAccessException: Call to undefined method Nette\Application\UI\Form::addTest()? in /sandbox/vendor/nette/utils/src/Utils/ObjectMixin.php:100
Stack trace:
#0 /sandbox/vendor/nette/utils/src/Utils/Object.php(75): Nette\Utils\ObjectMixin::call(Object(Nette\Application\UI\Form), 'addTest', Array)
#1 /sandbox/app/forms/SignFormFactory.php(32): Nette\Object-&gt;__call('addTest', Array)
#2 /sandbox/app/presenters/SignPresenter.php(21): App\Forms\SignFormFactory-&gt;create()
#3 /sandbox/vendor/nette/component-model/src/ComponentModel/Container.php(181): App\Presenters\SignPresenter-&gt;createComponentSignInForm('signInForm')
#4 /sandbox/vendor/nette/component-model/src/ComponentModel/Container.php(139): Nette\ComponentModel\Container-&gt;createComponent('signInForm')
#5 /sandbox/temp/cache/latte/15206b353f351f6bfca2c36cc.php(17): Nette\ComponentModel\Co in <b>/sandbox/vendor/nette/utils/src/Utils/ObjectMixin.php</b> on line <b>100</b><br />

It is not so easy to navigate through this output. If you enable Tracy, both errors and exceptions are displayed in a completely different form:

The error message literally screams. You can see a part of the source code with the highlighted line where the error occurred. A message clearly explains an error. The entire site is interactive, try it.

And you know what? Fatal errors are captured and displayed in the same way. No need to install any extension (click for live example):

Errors like a typo in a variable name or an attempt to open a nonexistent file generate reports of E_NOTICE or E_WARNING level. These can be easily overlooked and/or can be completely hidden in a web page graphic layout. Let Tracy manage them:

Or they may be displayed like errors:

Debugger::$strictMode = TRUE;

If your site uses Content Security Policy, you'll need to add 'unsafe-inline' to style-src, and 'unsafe-inline' & 'unsafe-eval' to script-src for Tracy to work properly. Avoid adding these in production mode, if you can. Since version 2.4.0 Tracy also requires 'self' (or the origin itself) in script-src.

Production mode and error logging

As you can see, Tracy is quite eloquent. It is appreciated in a development environment, but on a production server it would cause a disaster. Any debugging information cannot be listed there. Therefore Tracy has an environment autodetection and logging functionality. Instead of showing herself, Tracy stores information into a log file and shows the visitor a user-comprehensible server error message:

Production output mode suppresses all debugging information which is sent out via Debugger::dump() or Debugger::fireLog(), and of course all error messages generated by PHP. So, even if you forget Debugger::dump($obj) in the source code, you do not have to worry about it on your production server. Nothing will be seen.

The output mode is set by the first parameter of Debugger::enable(). You can specify either a constant Debugger::PRODUCTION or Debugger::DEVELOPMENT.

If it is not specified, the default value Debugger::DETECT is used. In this case the system detects a server by IP address. The production mode is chosen if an application is accessed via public IP address. A local IP address leads to development mode. It is not necessary to set the mode in most cases. The mode is correctly recognized when you are launching the application on your local server or in production.

In the production mode, Tracy automatically captures all errors and exceptions into a text log. Unless you specify otherwise, it will be stored in log/error.log. This error logging is extremely useful. Imagine, that all users of your application are actually betatesters. They are doing cutting-edge work for free when hunting bugs and you would be silly if you threw away their valuable reports to a recycle bin unnoticed.

If you need to log your own messages or caught exceptions, use the method log():

Debugger::log('Unexpected error'); // text message

try {
	criticalOperation();
} catch (Exception $e) {
	Debugger::log($e); // log exception
	// or
	Debugger::log($e, Debugger::ERROR) // also sends an email notification
}

A directory for errors logging can be set by the second parameter of the enable() method:

Debugger::enable(Debugger::DETECT, __DIR__ . '/mylog');

If you want Tracy to log PHP errors like E_NOTICE or E_WARNING with detailed information (HTML report), set Debugger::$logSeverity:

Debugger::$logSeverity = E_NOTICE | E_WARNING;

For a real professional the error log is a crucial source of information and he or she wants to be notified about any new error immediately. Tracy helps him. She is capable of sending an email for every new error record. The variable $email identifies where to send these e-mails:

Debugger::$email = '[email protected]';

To protect your e-mail box from flood, Tracy sends only one message and creates a file email-sent. When a developer receives the e-mail notification, he checks the log, corrects his application and deletes the email-sent monitoring file. This activates the e-mail sending again.

Variable dumping

Every debugging developer is a good friend with the function var_dump, which lists all contents of any variable in detail. Unfortunately, its output is without HTML formatting and outputs the dump into a single line of HTML code, not to mention context escaping. It is necessary to replace the var_dump by a handier function. That is just what Debugger::dump() is.

$arr = array(10, 20.2, TRUE, NULL, 'hello');

dump($arr);
// or Tracy\Debugger::dump($arr);

generates the output:

You can also change the nesting depth by Debugger::$maxDepth and displayed strings length by Debugger::$maxLength. Naturally, lower values accelerate Tracy rendering.

Debugger::$maxDepth = 2; // default: 3
Debugger::$maxLength = 50; // default: 150

The dump() function can display other useful information. Tracy\Dumper::LOCATION_SOURCE adds tooltip with path to the file, where the function was called. Tracy\Dumper::LOCATION_LINK adds a link to the file. Tracy\Dumper::LOCATION_CLASS adds a tooltip to every dumped object containing path to the file, in which the object's class is defined. All these constants can be set in Debugger::$showLocation variable before calling the dump(). You can set multiple values at once using the | operator.

Debugger::$showLocation = Tracy\Dumper::LOCATION_SOURCE; // Shows path to where the dump() was called
Debugger::$showLocation = Tracy\Dumper::LOCATION_CLASS | Tracy\Dumper::LOCATION_LINK; // Shows both paths to the classes and link to where the dump() was called
Debugger::$showLocation = FALSE; // Hides additional location information
Debugger::$showLocation = TRUE; // Shows all additional location information

Very handy alternative to Debugger::dump() is Debugger::barDump(). This allows us to dump variables in Debugger Bar. This is useful, because dumps don't mess up the output and we can also add a title to the dump.

Debugger::barDump([2, 4, 6, 8], 'even numbers up to ten');
Debugger::barDump([1, 3, 5, 7, 9], 'odd numbers up to ten');

Timing

Another useful tool is the debugger stopwatch with a precision of microseconds:

Debugger::timer();

// sweet dreams my cherrie
sleep(2);

$elapsed = Debugger::timer();
// $elapsed = 2

Multiple measurements at once can be achieved by an optional parameter.

Debugger::timer('page-generating');
// some code

Debugger::timer('rss-generating');
// some code

$rssElapsed = Debugger::timer('rss-generating');
$pageElapsed = Debugger::timer('page-generating');

Debugger::timer(); // runs the timer

... // some time consuming operation

echo Debugger::timer(); // elapsed time in seconds

FireLogger

You cannot always send debugging information to the browser window. This applies to AJAX requests, or generating XML files to output. In such cases, you can send the messages by a separate channel into FireLogger. Error, Notice and Warning levels are sent to FireLogger window automatically. It is also possible to log suppressed exceptions in running application when attention to them is important.

How to do it?

Firefox:

• install extension Firebug and FireLogger
• turn on Firebug (using F12 key), enable tabs Net and Logger (stay on Logger)

Chrome:

• install extension FireLogger for Chrome
• turn on Chrome DevTools (using Ctrl-Shift-I key) and open Console

Navigate to demo page and you will see messages sent from PHP.

Because Tracy\Debugger communicates with FireLogger via HTTP headers, you must call the logging function before the PHP script sends anything to output. It is also possible to enable output buffering and delay the output.

use Tracy\Debugger;

Debugger::fireLog('Hello World'); // send string into FireLogger console

Debugger::fireLog($_SERVER); // or even arrays and objects

Debugger::fireLog(new Exception('Test Exception')); // or exceptions

The result looks like this: