fnv-rs

An implementation of the Fowler–Noll–Vo hash function (FNV-1a) - including 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, & 1024 bit variants.

API Docs

About

The FNV hash function provides a custom Hasher implementation that is more efficient for smaller hash keys, along with other variants that can provide longer hash outputs.

The Rust Standard Library documentation states that while the default Hasher implementation, SipHash, is good in many cases, it is notably slower than other algorithms with short keys, such as when you have a map of integers to other values. In cases like these, FNV is demonstrably faster.

Its disadvantages are that it performs badly on larger inputs, and provides no protection against collision attacks, where a malicious user can craft specific keys designed to slow a hasher down. Thus, it is important to profile your program to ensure that you are using small hash keys, and be certain that your program could not be exposed to malicious inputs (including being a networked server).

The Rust compiler itself uses FNV, as it is not worried about denial-of-service attacks, and can assume that its inputs are going to be small—a perfect use case for FNV.

Examples

If you want to use any of the larger output FNV variants (256, 512, or 1024), make sure you enable the bigint feature:

[dependencies]
fnv_rs = { version = "0.4.0", features = ["bigint"] }

Hash Method

use fnv_rs::{Fnv64, FnvHasher, FnvHashResult};

let hash = Fnv64::hash(b"Hash this!testing123");    // returns FnvHashResult
println!("{}", hash);               // AD2808D0C15A663E
println!("{:X}", hash);             // AD2808D0C15A663E
println!("{:x}", hash);             // ad2808d0c15a663e
println!("{}", hash.as_hex());      // AD2808D0C15A663E
println!("{:?}", hash.as_bytes());  // [173, 40, 8, 208, 193, 90, 102, 62]

Update Method

use fnv_rs::{Fnv64, FnvHasher, FnvHashResult};

let mut hasher = Fnv64::new();
hasher.update(b"Hash this!");
hasher.update(b"testing123");
let hash = hasher.finalize();       // returns FnvHashResult
println!("{}", hash);               // AD2808D0C15A663E

Using FNV in a HashMap

The FnvHashMap type alias is the easiest way to use the standard library’s HashMap with FNV. (This uses FNV with a 64 bit output.)

use fnv_rs::FnvHashMap;

let mut map = FnvHashMap::default();
map.insert(1, "one");
map.insert(2, "two");

map = FnvHashMap::with_capacity_and_hasher(10, Default::default());
map.insert(1, "one");
map.insert(2, "two");

Note, the standard library’s HashMap::new and HashMap::with_capacity are only implemented for the RandomState hasher, so using Default to get the hasher is the next best option.

Using FNV in a HashSet

Similarly, FnvHashSet is a type alias for the standard library’s HashSet with FNV.

use fnv_rs::FnvHashSet;

let mut set = FnvHashSet::default();
set.insert(1);
set.insert(2);

set = FnvHashSet::with_capacity_and_hasher(10, Default::default());
set.insert(1);
set.insert(2);