Define CommonSpaces module

[charleskawczynski]

This PR extends the CommonGrids module with the CommonSpaces module, allowing users to construct common spaces. These convenience constructos are a thin layer that simply forward to their convenience grid constructor counterparts and (if necessary) include an additional staggering keyword argument.

[Sbozzolo]

Code looks great to me. (Please, add documentation, examples, and entry in the NEWS file)

[charleskawczynski]

Code looks great to me. (Please, add documentation, examples, and entry in the NEWS file)

I did add documentation, but I'd like to figure out a way to minimize the duplicate documentation, since every argument is forwarded except for the staggering keyword argument.

For the examples, I added similar counterparts. I kind of wish we could automate this somehow.

[Sbozzolo]

I still find the documentation insufficient, but we can iterate over.

Here's why I think that the documentation is insufficent. Thinking about different users:

As a new user

As a new user visiting this repo to learn more about how to set up a simulation, I click on "Docs". Nowhere on the left bar there's a mention of the computational domain. So, I click on "Examples". Nowhere in the page there's a mention about the computation domain. I am lost.

As a user with familiarity with the concept of Space but not the details

The only trace that convenience constructors for Spaces exist is a brief mention to News item. They are never used in any example. The docstring just mentions that they call some Grid constructor, but, having little familiarity with the internals, I don't know what Grids are and why I should care about them. The examples in the docstrings are trivial and don't tell me much. I have to dig to the test cases to find a place where I can learn more about these functions, but even there, the tests are just checking properties of the underlying Grid.

As scientist developing ClimaAtmos

I want to set up use these constructors to set up a Space. I read the docstring to learn about this feature. I've never really heard of Grids or used CommonGrids. I don't have any examples on how to use them, so I have to read the tests.

[charleskawczynski]

Yeah, I'll apply the doc string changes and open an issue to tackle some of the bigger picture docs.

[charleskawczynski]

I widened the scope of #2068, and updated the API docs, and applied a few doc fixes.