Add vertical diagnostics

[Julians42]

Purpose

Adds 7 vertical diagnostics: clwvi, dsevi, clvi, prw, hurvi, lwp, clivi as well as vapor specific humidity husv. Diagnostics are tested in the prognostic edmf gcm driven single column case, e.g., config/model_configs/prognostic_edmfx_gcmdriven_column.yml and in an entry to ci plots

To-do

Edit - The following was updated:

Before merge we to fix the column vertical integral function in ClimaCore.jl (@dennisYatunin) by changing the third argument to Fields.Δz_field(axes(ᶜinput)) from Fields.Δz_field(ᶜinput)

import ClimaCore: Operators, RecursiveApply, Fields
function Operators.column_integral_definite!(
    ∫field,
    ᶜinput,
    init = RecursiveApply.rzero(eltype(∫field)),
)
    ᶜinput_times_Δz = Base.Broadcast.broadcasted(
        RecursiveApply.:⊠,
        ᶜinput,
        Fields.Δz_field(axes(ᶜinput)),
    )
    Operators.column_reduce!(RecursiveApply.:⊞, ∫field, ᶜinput_times_Δz; init)
end

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• I have read and checked the items on the review checklist.

[szy21]

The diagnostics look good to me. Could you add prw, lwp, clwvi, clivi to the default diagnostics here? @Sbozzolo Would you like to take a look at the code again?

[szy21]

And after #3262 is merged, you can rebase and add compat 0.14.12 for ClimaCore.

[Sbozzolo]

I left some comments where allocations can be removed.

Also, is this run routinely in CI? Can we add some plots to ci_plots maybe?

[Julians42]

@szy21 I added the diagnostics to defaults as requested and bumped the compat for ClimaCore

[Sbozzolo]

If your simulation is just a column, you can slice(var, x = 0, y = 0) to get its value