mymetatable.lua

--对指定的表设置元表
mytable = {}                          -- 普通表 
mymetatable = {}                      -- 元表
setmetatable(mytable,mymetatable)     -- 把 mymetatable 设为 mytable 的元表
getmetatable(mytable)                 -- 这行返回mymetatable

--[[
如果__index包含一个函数的话，Lua就会调用那个函数，table和键会作为参数传递给函数
__index 元方法查看表中元素是否存在，如果不存在，返回结果为 nil；如果存在则由 __index 返回结果
]]--
mytable = setmetatable({key1 = "value1"}, {
  __index = function(mytable, key)
    if key == "key2" then
      return "metatablevalue"
    else
      return nil
    end
  end
})

print(mytable.key1,mytable.key2)

mytable = setmetatable({key1 = "value1"}, { __index = { key2 = "metatablevalue" } })
print(mytable.key1,mytable.key2)

mymetatable = {}
mytable = setmetatable({key1 = "value1"}, { __newindex = mymetatable })

print(mytable.key1)

mytable.newkey = "新值2"
print(mytable.newkey,mymetatable.newkey)

mytable.key1 = "新值1"
print(mytable.key1,mymetatable.key1)

mytable = setmetatable({key1 = "value1"}, {
  __newindex = function(mytable, key, value)
		rawset(mytable, key, "\""..value.."\"")

  end
})

mytable.key1 = "new value"
mytable.key2 = 4

print(mytable.key1,mytable.key2)

-- 计算表中最大值，table.maxn在Lua5.2以上版本中已无法使用
-- 自定义计算表中最大值函数 table_maxn
function table_maxn(t)
    local mn = 0
    for k, v in pairs(t) do
        if mn < k then
            mn = k
        end
    end
    return mn
end

-- 两表相加操作
mytable = setmetatable({ 1, 2, 3 }, {
  __add = function(mytable, newtable)
    for i = 1, table_maxn(newtable) do
      table.insert(mytable, table_maxn(mytable)+1,newtable[i])
    end
    return mytable
  end
})

secondtable = {4,5,6}

mytable = mytable + secondtable
	for k,v in ipairs(mytable) do
print(k,v)
end

-- 计算表中最大值，table.maxn在Lua5.2以上版本中已无法使用
-- 自定义计算表中最大值函数 table_maxn
function table_maxn(t)
    local mn = 0
    for k, v in pairs(t) do
        if mn < k then
            mn = k
        end
    end
    return mn
end

-- 定义元方法__call
mytable = setmetatable({10}, {
  __call = function(mytable, newtable)
	sum = 0
	for i = 1, table_maxn(mytable) do
		sum = sum + mytable[i]
	end
    for i = 1, table_maxn(newtable) do
		sum = sum + newtable[i]
	end
	return sum
  end
})
newtable = {10,20,30}
print(mytable(newtable))

mytable = setmetatable({ 10, 20, 30 }, {
  __tostring = function(mytable)
    sum = 0
    for k, v in pairs(mytable) do
		sum = sum + v
	end
    return "表所有元素的和为 " .. sum
  end
})
print(mytable)