From c75624f1176b59b0d1005aa9bd590286efa010bf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Vincenzo Sicurella <sicurella12@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Jul 2022 17:19:49 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] Add MTS pitch and SysEx format conversion methods

---
 src/__tests__/conversion.spec.ts | 30 ++++++++++++
 src/conversion.ts                | 80 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 109 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/__tests__/conversion.spec.ts b/src/__tests__/conversion.spec.ts
index e50af77..cd72e01 100644
--- a/src/__tests__/conversion.spec.ts
+++ b/src/__tests__/conversion.spec.ts
@@ -3,9 +3,12 @@ import {
   centOffsetToFrequency,
   centsToValue,
   frequencyToCentOffset,
+  ftomts,
+  frequencyToMtsBytes,
   ftom,
   mtof,
   valueToCents,
+  mtsBytesToHex
 } from '../conversion';
 
 describe('Ratio to cents converter', () => {
@@ -38,6 +41,33 @@ describe('MIDI to frequency converter', () => {
   });
 });
 
+describe('Frequency to MTS converter', () => {
+  it('converts a known value', () => {
+    expect(ftomts(261.625565)).toBeCloseTo(60);
+    expect(ftomts(0, false)).toBe(0);
+    expect(ftomts(14080, false)).toBe(127);
+    expect(ftomts(14080, true)).toBeCloseTo(129);
+  })
+})
+
+describe("Frequency to MTS sysex value", () => {
+  it('converts a known value', () => {
+    expect(frequencyToMtsBytes(261.625565)).toMatchObject(new Uint8Array([60, 0, 0]));
+    expect(frequencyToMtsBytes(440)).toMatchObject(new Uint8Array([69, 0, 0]));
+    expect(frequencyToMtsBytes(442)).toMatchObject(new Uint8Array([69, 10, 6]));
+    expect(frequencyToMtsBytes(0)).toMatchObject(new Uint8Array([0, 0, 0]));
+  })
+})
+
+describe("MTS data hex string converter", () => {
+  it('converts a known value', () => {
+    expect(mtsBytesToHex(new Uint8Array([60, 0, 0]))).toEqual("3c0000");
+    expect(mtsBytesToHex(new Uint8Array([69, 0, 0]))).toEqual("450000");
+    expect(mtsBytesToHex(new Uint8Array([69, 10, 6]))).toEqual("450a06");
+    expect(mtsBytesToHex(new Uint8Array([69, 256, 6]))).toEqual("450006");
+  })
+})
+
 describe('Frequency to MIDI converter', () => {
   it('converts a known value', () => {
     const [index, offset] = ftom(261.625565);
diff --git a/src/conversion.ts b/src/conversion.ts
index fa3a78a..f060fe8 100644
--- a/src/conversion.ts
+++ b/src/conversion.ts
@@ -51,13 +51,30 @@ export function centOffsetToFrequency(offset: number, baseFrequency = 440) {
 const MIDI_NOTE_NUMBER_OF_A4 = 69;
 /**
  * Convert MIDI note number to frequency.
- * @param index MIDI note number.
+ * @param index MIDI note number or MTS value.
  * @returns Frequency in Hertz.
  */
 export function mtof(index: number) {
   return 440 * Math.pow(2, (index - MIDI_NOTE_NUMBER_OF_A4) / 12);
 }
 
+function mtsRound(mtsValue: number): number {
+  return Math.round(mtsValue * 100000) / 100000;
+  }
+/**
+ * Convert frequency to MTS number (semitones with A440=69).
+ * @param frequency Frequency in Hertz.
+ * @returns MTS value
+ */
+ export function ftomts(frequency: number, ignoreLimit: boolean=false): number {
+  const mts = mtsRound(MIDI_NOTE_NUMBER_OF_A4 + 12 * Math.log2(frequency / 440));
+  if (mts < 0 && !ignoreLimit)
+    return 0;
+  if (mts > 127.9999 && !ignoreLimit) // Last accepted value - 7F 7F 7F is reserved 
+    return 127.9999;
+  return mts;
+}
+
 /**
  * Convert frequency to MIDI note number and pitch offset measured in cents.
  * @param frequency Frequency in Hertz.
@@ -70,6 +87,67 @@ export function ftom(frequency: number): [number, number] {
   return [midiNoteNumber, centsOffset];
 }
 
+/**
+ * Convert MTS pitch value to 3-byte representation
+ * @param number MTS pitch value
+ * @returns Uint8Array 3-byte of 7-bit MTS data
+ */
+export function mtsToMtsBytes(mtsValue: number): Uint8Array {
+  const noteNumber = Math.trunc(mtsValue);
+  const fine = Math.round(0x3fff * (mtsValue - noteNumber));
+  
+  const data = new Uint8Array(3);
+  data[0] = noteNumber;
+  data[1] = (fine >> 7) & 0x7f;
+  data[2] = fine & 0x7f;
+  return data;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert frequency to 3-byte MTS value
+ * @param frequency Frequency in Hertz.
+ * @returns Uint8Array of length 3
+ */
+ export function frequencyToMtsBytes(frequency: number): Uint8Array {
+  const mtsValue = ftomts(frequency);
+ return mtsToMtsBytes(mtsValue);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert 3-byte MTS value to frequency
+ * @param Uint8Array of 3-bytes of 7-bit MTS values
+ * @returns frequency Frequency in Hertz
+ */
+export function mtsBytesToMts(mtsBytes: Uint8Array): number {
+  const noteNumber = mtsBytes[0];
+
+  const high = (mtsBytes[1] & 0x7f) << 7;
+  const low = mtsBytes[2] & 0x7f;
+  const fine = (high + low) / 0x3fff;
+  return noteNumber + fine;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert 3-byte MTS value to frequency
+ * @param Uint8Array of 3-bytes of 7-bit MTS values
+ * @returns frequency Frequency in Hertz
+ */
+export function mtsBytesToFrequency(mtsBytes: Uint8Array): number {
+  const mts = mtsBytesToMts(mtsBytes);
+  return mtof(mts);
+}
+
+/** Convert MTS Data value into readable hex string 
+ * @param Uint8Array of 3-bytes of 7-bit MTS values
+ * @returns String representation of MTS value in hexadecimal
+ *          can be used in MIDI messages
+*/
+export function mtsBytesToHex(mtsBytes: Uint8Array): String {
+  return (mtsBytes[0] & 0x7f).toString(16).padStart(2, "0")
+       + (mtsBytes[1] & 0x7f).toString(16).padStart(2, "0")
+       + (mtsBytes[2] & 0x7f).toString(16).padStart(2, "0");
+}
+
 /**
  * Convert cents to natural units.
  * @param cents Musical interval in cents.