diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-msrv.yml b/.github/workflows/build-msrv.yml
index 6f40ce893a71..c0e4808c7cf4 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-msrv.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-msrv.yml
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install Rust
         run: |
           rustup set profile minimal
-          rustup toolchain install 1.74
-          rustup default 1.74
-          rustup override set 1.74
+          rustup toolchain install 1.75
+          rustup default 1.75
+          rustup override set 1.75
       - name: Build with All Features Enabled (Unix)
         if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' || runner.os == 'macOS' }}
         run: cargo build --verbose --features "full-extra local-flow-stat utility-url-outline"
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index cc983117a178..c4609e4bb199 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ checksum = "3b43422f69d8ff38f95f1b2bb76517c91589a924d1559a0e935d7c8ce0274c11"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.87",
+ "syn 2.0.89",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ checksum = "721cae7de5c34fbb2acd27e21e6d2cf7b886dce0c27388d46c4e6c47ea4318dd"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.87",
+ "syn 2.0.89",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.87",
+ "syn 2.0.89",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -642,9 +642,9 @@ checksum = "773648b94d0e5d620f64f280777445740e61fe701025087ec8b57f45c791888b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cpufeatures"
-version = "0.2.15"
+version = "0.2.16"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0ca741a962e1b0bff6d724a1a0958b686406e853bb14061f218562e1896f95e6"
+checksum = "16b80225097f2e5ae4e7179dd2266824648f3e2f49d9134d584b76389d31c4c3"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
@@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-error",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.87",
+ "syn 2.0.89",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -828,7 +828,28 @@ checksum = "97369cbbc041bc366949bc74d34658d6cda5621039731c6310521892a3a20ae0"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.87",
+ "syn 2.0.89",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "dynosaur"
+version = "0.1.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "92fac44672fabad44990176319b9e94393f3a38b960b5ca2af6cd90f5ecd1497"
+dependencies = [
+ "dynosaur_derive",
+ "trait-variant",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "dynosaur_derive"
+version = "0.1.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "16c187d1e575ef546d24f0fcd7701cc04abfe6b5e7e2758aabc450b99e835ac3"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.89",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -888,7 +909,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.87",
+ "syn 2.0.89",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1119,7 +1140,7 @@ checksum = "162ee34ebcb7c64a8abebc059ce0fee27c2262618d7b60ed8faf72fef13c3650"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.87",
+ "syn 2.0.89",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1214,9 +1235,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "h2"
-version = "0.4.6"
+version = "0.4.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "524e8ac6999421f49a846c2d4411f337e53497d8ec55d67753beffa43c5d9205"
+checksum = "ccae279728d634d083c00f6099cb58f01cc99c145b84b8be2f6c74618d79922e"
 dependencies = [
  "atomic-waker",
  "bytes",
@@ -1270,9 +1291,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
-version = "0.15.1"
+version = "0.15.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3a9bfc1af68b1726ea47d3d5109de126281def866b33970e10fbab11b5dafab3"
+checksum = "bf151400ff0baff5465007dd2f3e717f3fe502074ca563069ce3a6629d07b289"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "heapless"
@@ -1663,7 +1684,7 @@ checksum = "1ec89e9337638ecdc08744df490b221a7399bf8d164eb52a665454e60e075ad6"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.87",
+ "syn 2.0.89",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1780,9 +1801,9 @@ checksum = "7943c866cc5cd64cbc25b2e01621d07fa8eb2a1a23160ee81ce38704e97b8ecf"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "itoa"
-version = "1.0.11"
+version = "1.0.13"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "49f1f14873335454500d59611f1cf4a4b0f786f9ac11f4312a78e4cf2566695b"
+checksum = "540654e97a3f4470a492cd30ff187bc95d89557a903a2bbf112e2fae98104ef2"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "jemalloc-sys"
@@ -1872,7 +1893,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4979f22fdb869068da03c9f7528f8297c6fd2606bc3a4affe42e6a823fdb8da4"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
- "windows-targets 0.48.5",
+ "windows-targets 0.52.6",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1910,9 +1931,9 @@ checksum = "78b3ae25bc7c8c38cec158d1f2757ee79e9b3740fbc7ccf0e59e4b08d793fa89"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "litemap"
-version = "0.7.3"
+version = "0.7.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "643cb0b8d4fcc284004d5fd0d67ccf61dfffadb7f75e1e71bc420f4688a3a704"
+checksum = "4ee93343901ab17bd981295f2cf0026d4ad018c7c31ba84549a4ddbb47a45104"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lock_api"
@@ -2191,7 +2212,7 @@ checksum = "a948666b637a0f465e8564c73e89d4dde00d72d4d473cc972f390fc3dcee7d9c"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.87",
+ "syn 2.0.89",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2355,7 +2376,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "pest_meta",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.87",
+ "syn 2.0.89",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2386,7 +2407,7 @@ checksum = "3c0f5fad0874fc7abcd4d750e76917eaebbecaa2c20bde22e1dbeeba8beb758c"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.87",
+ "syn 2.0.89",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2501,9 +2522,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
-version = "1.0.89"
+version = "1.0.92"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f139b0662de085916d1fb67d2b4169d1addddda1919e696f3252b740b629986e"
+checksum = "37d3544b3f2748c54e147655edb5025752e2303145b5aefb3c3ea2c78b973bb0"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
@@ -2570,7 +2591,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "socket2",
  "tracing",
- "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.59.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2840,9 +2861,9 @@ checksum = "583034fd73374156e66797ed8e5b0d5690409c9226b22d87cb7f19821c05d152"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustix"
-version = "0.38.40"
+version = "0.38.41"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "99e4ea3e1cdc4b559b8e5650f9c8e5998e3e5c1343b4eaf034565f32318d63c0"
+checksum = "d7f649912bc1495e167a6edee79151c84b1bad49748cb4f1f1167f459f6224f6"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.6.0",
  "errno",
@@ -2853,9 +2874,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustls"
-version = "0.23.17"
+version = "0.23.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7f1a745511c54ba6d4465e8d5dfbd81b45791756de28d4981af70d6dca128f1e"
+checksum = "9c9cc1d47e243d655ace55ed38201c19ae02c148ae56412ab8750e8f0166ab7f"
 dependencies = [
  "log",
  "once_cell",
@@ -2937,9 +2958,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "schannel"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.27"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "01227be5826fa0690321a2ba6c5cd57a19cf3f6a09e76973b58e61de6ab9d1c1"
+checksum = "1f29ebaa345f945cec9fbbc532eb307f0fdad8161f281b6369539c8d84876b3d"
 dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.59.0",
 ]
@@ -3045,7 +3066,7 @@ checksum = "ad1e866f866923f252f05c889987993144fb74e722403468a4ebd70c3cd756c0"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.87",
+ "syn 2.0.89",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3114,13 +3135,13 @@ version = "1.22.0"
 dependencies = [
  "aes",
  "arc-swap",
- "async-trait",
  "base64 0.22.1",
  "blake3",
  "bloomfilter",
  "byte_string",
  "bytes",
  "cfg-if",
+ "dynosaur",
  "env_logger",
  "futures",
  "hickory-resolver",
@@ -3142,6 +3163,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "thiserror 2.0.3",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-tfo",
+ "trait-variant",
  "url",
  "windows-sys 0.59.0",
 ]
@@ -3220,7 +3242,6 @@ name = "shadowsocks-service"
 version = "1.22.0"
 dependencies = [
  "arc-swap",
- "async-trait",
  "brotli",
  "bson",
  "byte_string",
@@ -3261,6 +3282,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "tokio",
  "tokio-native-tls",
  "tokio-rustls",
+ "trait-variant",
  "tun2",
  "webpki-roots",
  "windows-sys 0.59.0",
@@ -3439,9 +3461,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "2.0.87"
+version = "2.0.89"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "25aa4ce346d03a6dcd68dd8b4010bcb74e54e62c90c573f394c46eae99aba32d"
+checksum = "44d46482f1c1c87acd84dea20c1bf5ebff4c757009ed6bf19cfd36fb10e92c4e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -3450,9 +3472,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "sync_wrapper"
-version = "1.0.1"
+version = "1.0.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a7065abeca94b6a8a577f9bd45aa0867a2238b74e8eb67cf10d492bc39351394"
+checksum = "0bf256ce5efdfa370213c1dabab5935a12e49f2c58d15e9eac2870d3b4f27263"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-core",
 ]
@@ -3465,7 +3487,7 @@ checksum = "c8af7666ab7b6390ab78131fb5b0fce11d6b7a6951602017c35fa82800708971"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.87",
+ "syn 2.0.89",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3526,7 +3548,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "fastrand",
  "once_cell",
  "rustix",
- "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.59.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3565,7 +3587,7 @@ checksum = "4fee6c4efc90059e10f81e6d42c60a18f76588c3d74cb83a0b242a2b6c7504c1"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.87",
+ "syn 2.0.89",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3576,7 +3598,7 @@ checksum = "f077553d607adc1caf65430528a576c757a71ed73944b66ebb58ef2bbd243568"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.87",
+ "syn 2.0.89",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3683,7 +3705,7 @@ checksum = "693d596312e88961bc67d7f1f97af8a70227d9f90c31bba5806eec004978d752"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.87",
+ "syn 2.0.89",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3763,7 +3785,7 @@ checksum = "34704c8d6ebcbc939824180af020566b01a7c01f80641264eba0999f6c2b6be7"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.87",
+ "syn 2.0.89",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3806,6 +3828,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "tracing-log",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "trait-variant"
+version = "0.1.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "70977707304198400eb4835a78f6a9f928bf41bba420deb8fdb175cd965d77a7"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.89",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "try-lock"
 version = "0.2.5"
@@ -3862,9 +3895,9 @@ checksum = "5ab17db44d7388991a428b2ee655ce0c212e862eff1768a455c58f9aad6e7893"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-ident"
-version = "1.0.13"
+version = "1.0.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e91b56cd4cadaeb79bbf1a5645f6b4f8dc5bde8834ad5894a8db35fda9efa1fe"
+checksum = "adb9e6ca4f869e1180728b7950e35922a7fc6397f7b641499e8f3ef06e50dc83"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-normalization"
@@ -4011,7 +4044,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.87",
+ "syn 2.0.89",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
@@ -4045,7 +4078,7 @@ checksum = "26c6ab57572f7a24a4985830b120de1594465e5d500f24afe89e16b4e833ef68"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.87",
+ "syn 2.0.89",
  "wasm-bindgen-backend",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
@@ -4113,7 +4146,7 @@ version = "0.1.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cf221c93e13a30d793f7645a0e7762c55d169dbb0a49671918a2319d289b10bb"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-sys 0.48.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.59.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4374,9 +4407,9 @@ checksum = "213b7324336b53d2414b2db8537e56544d981803139155afa84f76eeebb7a546"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yoke"
-version = "0.7.4"
+version = "0.7.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6c5b1314b079b0930c31e3af543d8ee1757b1951ae1e1565ec704403a7240ca5"
+checksum = "120e6aef9aa629e3d4f52dc8cc43a015c7724194c97dfaf45180d2daf2b77f40"
 dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "stable_deref_trait",
@@ -4386,13 +4419,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yoke-derive"
-version = "0.7.4"
+version = "0.7.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "28cc31741b18cb6f1d5ff12f5b7523e3d6eb0852bbbad19d73905511d9849b95"
+checksum = "2380878cad4ac9aac1e2435f3eb4020e8374b5f13c296cb75b4620ff8e229154"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.87",
+ "syn 2.0.89",
  "synstructure",
 ]
 
@@ -4414,27 +4447,27 @@ checksum = "fa4f8080344d4671fb4e831a13ad1e68092748387dfc4f55e356242fae12ce3e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.87",
+ "syn 2.0.89",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerofrom"
-version = "0.1.4"
+version = "0.1.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "91ec111ce797d0e0784a1116d0ddcdbea84322cd79e5d5ad173daeba4f93ab55"
+checksum = "cff3ee08c995dee1859d998dea82f7374f2826091dd9cd47def953cae446cd2e"
 dependencies = [
  "zerofrom-derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerofrom-derive"
-version = "0.1.4"
+version = "0.1.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0ea7b4a3637ea8669cedf0f1fd5c286a17f3de97b8dd5a70a6c167a1730e63a5"
+checksum = "595eed982f7d355beb85837f651fa22e90b3c044842dc7f2c2842c086f295808"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.87",
+ "syn 2.0.89",
  "synstructure",
 ]
 
@@ -4463,7 +4496,7 @@ checksum = "6eafa6dfb17584ea3e2bd6e76e0cc15ad7af12b09abdd1ca55961bed9b1063c6"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.87",
+ "syn 2.0.89",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 67404a8c1921..d353f2ade57b 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ documentation = "https://docs.rs/shadowsocks-rust"
 keywords = ["shadowsocks", "proxy", "socks", "socks5", "firewall"]
 license = "MIT"
 edition = "2021"
-rust-version = "1.74"
+rust-version = "1.75"
 
 [badges]
 maintenance = { status = "passively-maintained" }
diff --git a/crates/shadowsocks-service/Cargo.toml b/crates/shadowsocks-service/Cargo.toml
index 5e87e32d2f74..9c08924e5a00 100644
--- a/crates/shadowsocks-service/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/shadowsocks-service/Cargo.toml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ documentation = "https://docs.rs/shadowsocks-service"
 keywords = ["shadowsocks", "proxy", "socks", "socks5", "firewall"]
 license = "MIT"
 edition = "2021"
-rust-version = "1.74"
+rust-version = "1.75"
 
 [badges]
 maintenance = { status = "passively-maintained" }
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ tokio-rustls = { version = "0.26", optional = true, default-features = false, fe
     "ring",
 ] }
 rustls-native-certs = { version = "0.8", optional = true }
-async-trait = "0.1"
+trait-variant = "0.1"
 
 socket2 = { version = "0.5", features = ["all"] }
 libc = "~0.2.141"
diff --git a/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/dns/dns_resolver.rs b/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/dns/dns_resolver.rs
index 065c28205501..6831578eccd6 100644
--- a/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/dns/dns_resolver.rs
+++ b/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/dns/dns_resolver.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ use std::{
     net::{Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr, SocketAddr},
 };
 
-use async_trait::async_trait;
 use futures::future;
 use hickory_resolver::proto::{
     op::{Message, Query},
@@ -104,7 +103,6 @@ impl DnsResolver {
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl DnsResolve for DnsResolver {
     async fn resolve(&self, host: &str, port: u16) -> io::Result<Vec<SocketAddr>> {
         let mut name = Name::from_utf8(host)?;
diff --git a/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/net/udp/association.rs b/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/net/udp/association.rs
index 5ca4da94c6cb..d0563158ea7a 100644
--- a/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/net/udp/association.rs
+++ b/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/net/udp/association.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ use std::{
     time::Duration,
 };
 
-use async_trait::async_trait;
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use futures::future;
 use log::{debug, error, trace, warn};
@@ -35,10 +34,7 @@ use crate::{
 };
 
 /// Writer for sending packets back to client
-///
-/// Currently it requires `async-trait` for `async fn` in trait, which will allocate a `Box`ed `Future` every call of `send_to`.
-/// This performance issue could be solved when `generic_associated_types` and `generic_associated_types` are stabilized.
-#[async_trait]
+#[trait_variant::make(Send)]
 pub trait UdpInboundWrite {
     /// Sends packet `data` received from `remote_addr` back to `peer_addr`
     async fn send_to(&self, peer_addr: SocketAddr, remote_addr: &Address, data: &[u8]) -> io::Result<()>;
diff --git a/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/redir/redir_ext.rs b/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/redir/redir_ext.rs
index 071a2d1aea55..7caa03773eb2 100644
--- a/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/redir/redir_ext.rs
+++ b/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/redir/redir_ext.rs
@@ -8,14 +8,12 @@ use std::{
     task::{Context, Poll},
 };
 
-use async_trait::async_trait;
 use shadowsocks::net::AcceptOpts;
 use tokio::net::TcpListener;
 
 use crate::config::RedirType;
 
 /// Extension function for `TcpListener` for setting extra options before `bind()`
-#[async_trait]
 pub trait TcpListenerRedirExt {
     // Create a TcpListener for transparent proxy
     //
diff --git a/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/redir/tcprelay/sys/unix/bsd.rs b/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/redir/tcprelay/sys/unix/bsd.rs
index 1c011f425160..7c860c7b38ee 100644
--- a/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/redir/tcprelay/sys/unix/bsd.rs
+++ b/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/redir/tcprelay/sys/unix/bsd.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ use std::{
     net::SocketAddr,
 };
 
-use async_trait::async_trait;
 use log::warn;
 use shadowsocks::net::{is_dual_stack_addr, set_tcp_fastopen, AcceptOpts};
 use socket2::Protocol;
@@ -17,7 +16,6 @@ use crate::{
     },
 };
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl TcpListenerRedirExt for TcpListener {
     async fn bind_redir(ty: RedirType, addr: SocketAddr, accept_opts: AcceptOpts) -> io::Result<TcpListener> {
         match ty {
diff --git a/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/redir/tcprelay/sys/unix/linux.rs b/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/redir/tcprelay/sys/unix/linux.rs
index f0d32c60086f..dc12a3398f1d 100644
--- a/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/redir/tcprelay/sys/unix/linux.rs
+++ b/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/redir/tcprelay/sys/unix/linux.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ use std::{
     os::unix::io::AsRawFd,
 };
 
-use async_trait::async_trait;
 use log::warn;
 use shadowsocks::net::{is_dual_stack_addr, set_tcp_fastopen, AcceptOpts};
 use socket2::SockAddr;
@@ -19,7 +18,6 @@ use crate::{
     },
 };
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl TcpListenerRedirExt for TcpListener {
     async fn bind_redir(ty: RedirType, addr: SocketAddr, accept_opts: AcceptOpts) -> io::Result<TcpListener> {
         match ty {
diff --git a/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/redir/tcprelay/sys/windows/mod.rs b/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/redir/tcprelay/sys/windows/mod.rs
index a15e239a1d66..257168740a29 100644
--- a/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/redir/tcprelay/sys/windows/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/redir/tcprelay/sys/windows/mod.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ use std::{
     net::SocketAddr,
 };
 
-use async_trait::async_trait;
 use shadowsocks::net::AcceptOpts;
 use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};
 
@@ -12,7 +11,6 @@ use crate::{
     local::redir::redir_ext::{TcpListenerRedirExt, TcpStreamRedirExt},
 };
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl TcpListenerRedirExt for TcpListener {
     async fn bind_redir(_ty: RedirType, _addr: SocketAddr, _accept_opts: AcceptOpts) -> io::Result<TcpListener> {
         let err = Error::new(
diff --git a/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/redir/udprelay/mod.rs b/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/redir/udprelay/mod.rs
index 1c327a6c7790..cb16e68001db 100644
--- a/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/redir/udprelay/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/redir/udprelay/mod.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ use std::{
     time::Duration,
 };
 
-use async_trait::async_trait;
 use log::{debug, error, info, trace, warn};
 use lru_time_cache::LruCache;
 use shadowsocks::{
@@ -91,7 +90,6 @@ impl UdpRedirInboundWriter {
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl UdpInboundWrite for UdpRedirInboundWriter {
     async fn send_to(&self, mut peer_addr: SocketAddr, remote_addr: &Address, data: &[u8]) -> io::Result<()> {
         // If IPv6 Transparent Proxy is supported on the current platform,
diff --git a/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/socks/server/socks5/udprelay.rs b/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/socks/server/socks5/udprelay.rs
index 7d36091b08cf..59190238821d 100644
--- a/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/socks/server/socks5/udprelay.rs
+++ b/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/socks/server/socks5/udprelay.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ use std::{
     time::Duration,
 };
 
-use async_trait::async_trait;
 use byte_string::ByteStr;
 use bytes::{BufMut, BytesMut};
 use log::{debug, error, info, trace};
@@ -96,7 +95,6 @@ struct Socks5UdpInboundWriter {
     inbound: Arc<UdpSocket>,
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl UdpInboundWrite for Socks5UdpInboundWriter {
     async fn send_to(&self, peer_addr: SocketAddr, remote_addr: &Address, data: &[u8]) -> io::Result<()> {
         let remote_addr = match remote_addr {
diff --git a/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/tun/udp.rs b/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/tun/udp.rs
index 924f22a49625..2a25ba9de029 100644
--- a/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/tun/udp.rs
+++ b/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/tun/udp.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ use std::{
     time::Duration,
 };
 
-use async_trait::async_trait;
 use bytes::{BufMut, BytesMut};
 use etherparse::PacketBuilder;
 use log::debug;
@@ -93,7 +92,6 @@ impl UdpTunInboundWriter {
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl UdpInboundWrite for UdpTunInboundWriter {
     async fn send_to(&self, peer_addr: SocketAddr, remote_addr: &Address, data: &[u8]) -> io::Result<()> {
         let addr = match *remote_addr {
diff --git a/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/tunnel/udprelay.rs b/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/tunnel/udprelay.rs
index daab725efdcc..4015a1195180 100644
--- a/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/tunnel/udprelay.rs
+++ b/crates/shadowsocks-service/src/local/tunnel/udprelay.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 use std::{io, net::SocketAddr, sync::Arc, time::Duration};
 
-use async_trait::async_trait;
 use log::{debug, error, info};
 use shadowsocks::{
     relay::{socks5::Address, udprelay::MAXIMUM_UDP_PAYLOAD_SIZE},
@@ -87,7 +86,6 @@ struct TunnelUdpInboundWriter {
     inbound: Arc<UdpSocket>,
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl UdpInboundWrite for TunnelUdpInboundWriter {
     async fn send_to(&self, peer_addr: SocketAddr, _remote_addr: &Address, data: &[u8]) -> io::Result<()> {
         self.inbound.send_to(data, peer_addr).await.map(|_| ())
diff --git a/crates/shadowsocks/Cargo.toml b/crates/shadowsocks/Cargo.toml
index ba3928baed6c..b4382d7ae25a 100644
--- a/crates/shadowsocks/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/shadowsocks/Cargo.toml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ documentation = "https://docs.rs/shadowsocks-core"
 keywords = ["shadowsocks", "proxy", "socks", "socks5", "firewall"]
 license = "MIT"
 edition = "2021"
-rust-version = "1.74"
+rust-version = "1.75"
 
 [badges]
 maintenance = { status = "passively-maintained" }
@@ -71,7 +71,8 @@ serde_json = "1.0"
 percent-encoding = "2.1"
 
 futures = "0.3"
-async-trait = "0.1"
+trait-variant = "0.1"
+dynosaur = "0.1.2"
 
 socket2 = { version = "0.5", features = ["all"] }
 tokio = { version = "1.9.0", features = [
diff --git a/crates/shadowsocks/src/dns_resolver/resolver.rs b/crates/shadowsocks/src/dns_resolver/resolver.rs
index 04bb6d15dc3f..dfd78b45e0d6 100644
--- a/crates/shadowsocks/src/dns_resolver/resolver.rs
+++ b/crates/shadowsocks/src/dns_resolver/resolver.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ use std::{
 
 #[cfg(feature = "hickory-dns")]
 use arc_swap::ArcSwap;
-use async_trait::async_trait;
 use cfg_if::cfg_if;
 #[cfg(feature = "hickory-dns")]
 use hickory_resolver::config::ResolverConfig;
@@ -31,12 +30,17 @@ use crate::net::ConnectOpts;
 use super::hickory_dns_resolver::DnsResolver as HickoryDnsResolver;
 
 /// Abstract DNS resolver
-#[async_trait]
+#[trait_variant::make(Send)]
+#[dynosaur::dynosaur(DynDnsResolve)]
 pub trait DnsResolve {
     /// Resolves `addr:port` to a list of `SocketAddr`
     async fn resolve(&self, addr: &str, port: u16) -> io::Result<Vec<SocketAddr>>;
 }
 
+// Equivalent to (dyn DnsResolve + Send + Sync)
+unsafe impl Send for DynDnsResolve<'_> {}
+unsafe impl Sync for DynDnsResolve<'_> {}
+
 #[cfg(feature = "hickory-dns")]
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct HickoryDnsSystemResolver {
@@ -63,7 +67,7 @@ pub enum DnsResolver {
     #[cfg(feature = "hickory-dns")]
     HickoryDns(HickoryDnsResolver),
     /// Customized Resolver
-    Custom(Box<dyn DnsResolve + Send + Sync>),
+    Custom(Box<DynDnsResolve<'static>>),
 }
 
 impl Default for DnsResolver {
@@ -282,7 +286,7 @@ impl DnsResolver {
     where
         R: DnsResolve + Send + Sync + 'static,
     {
-        DnsResolver::Custom(Box::new(custom) as Box<dyn DnsResolve + Send + Sync>)
+        DnsResolver::Custom(DynDnsResolve::boxed(custom))
     }
 
     /// Resolve address into `SocketAddr`s