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OSs (operating systems) worth using in 2019 and beyond

Списък с операционни системи, които си заслужава да се използват през 2019 г. и занапред...

The Big Holy Trinity of Desktop OSs

Microsoft (MS) Windows (XP SP3 (obsolete except for some compatibility with older apps&older video-games); 7 SP1 (Pro/Ultimate x64), (8.1), 10) (important related FOSS projects: see below), (GNU/)Linux (Linux distros recommended by @sahwar for use in 2019: see below), and macOS (X+; Homebrew, MacPorts, Wine for macOS, KDE apps for macOS X).

ve4ernik's pick: a hex-ple boot with: 1x Windows 7 (Professional or Ultimate)/8.1/10 (64-bit), 2x (GNU/)Linux distros, 1x macOS 10.10+, and latest 1x Google Android v9-v10+ (or CyanogenMod or PureOS), and 1x other OS (the Windows NTFS partitions and 2+ of the Linux XFS-or-ZFS partitions are for data storage, the rest is for application-software usage, AAA-videogaming (Windows & Wine/PlayOnLinux+Valve SteamOS Linux), and general testing, programming, and tinkering, and R&D... (but this greatly depends on the specific types, models, and number of hardware PCs, smartphones, tablets, graphics tablets, etc. at your disposal/ownership/usage)... And a multi-monitor, keyboard+mouse+gamepads system setup config plus a home-owned setupbox entertainment box (x86 Windows, Linux, or XBMC/Kodi, or Android)... OR just multibooting several OSs, having 1 or several Linux LiveCD/LiveDVD/LiveBluRay/LiveDVD+-RW & especially LiveUSB-flashstick distros installed (&runnable as bootable via changing your computer's BIOS/UEFI boot-order settings) onto a USB-flashstick via Rufus.akeo.io, via YUMI, etc. AND also just simultaneously using several operating-systems installed on different physical computers, as well as using ssh/mosh/VNC/NX3/RDP (like with the Remmina client app and via OpenSSH) & TeamViewer & Desktopable & app-running-in-a-virtualized-jailbox remote-control of other OSs remotely (physically located on other computers), and also using VirtualBox/QEMU/bellard.org virtualization to run even more OSs as VM (virtual-machines), aided by Docker and Kubernetes, and by binary-releases app-hosting files-downloader mirrors websites... plus hooking up several physical computer display screens/monitors and hooking up several external physical media disks (HDDs, SSDs, etc.) via USB2&USB3+/SATAv?.?/eSATA/Lightning-port/DisplayPort cables (and possibly with hardware-level/software-level RAID redundancy and rsync, zsync, FreeFileSync, etc. data-deduplication - with OPTIONAL full-disk encryption, and MirrorBrain-based http://ibiblio.org -like data-mirroring on set intervals with added report/diagnostics logs...) and by hooking up several physical keyboards & using virtual keyboards (e.g. osk.exe for MS Windows7+, OnBoard & other such software for Linux distros, etc.), and also hooking up several other different video-gaming/CAD-CGI-3D/4D-sculpting & 2D-drawing computer peripheral devices (like gaming pads and headphones, and microphones, and yarn-headphones, and audio-speakers, and gaming wheels, live-streaming on-demand/on-schedule/on-remote-control webcams, etc.) + WakeOnLAN/MINIX-OS-in-Intel-CPUs-Intel-AME & more, neural-networks-algorithms in Internet online social-media websites/platforms/IM+VoIP+p2p-filesharing-apps(-for-desktop-computers-AND/OR-for-smartphones-and-video-gaming-consoles-and-for-ARM-CPU-devices), etc. ...

Important MS Windows-related Microsoft & FOSS projects

ReactOS, Wine/PlayOnLinux, Cygwin, MinGW, MinGW-w64, NSYSv2, MSVC (which versions?), Linux Subsystem for Windows10 (WSLv2+), Chocolatey, NuGet, OneGet (Windows10), cmd.exe&PowerShell, Win-Builds, KDE apps for MS Windows 2, BusyBox, Heirloom toolkit, etc.

Полезен софтуер за cmd.exe/PowerShell & Windows Explorer

cmd.exe, PowerShell / PowerShell Core (open-source), ConEmu, Process Explorer, Clink, PSReadLine, PSGet, Chocolatey / NuGet / MS OneGet, Process Hacker, cmder, GitForWindows, mintty, wsltty, NirSoft apps (especially NirCmd), Windows utilities by Code.Kliu.org (like elevate), Babun, plus Windows (x64) builds of curl, wget, wget2, ffmpeg/libav, etc.

Viable Linux distros 2019

(2020 - new additions:

for more (GNU/)Linux distros, please see: https://distrowatch.com/ & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Linux_distributions

...

Linux kernel downloads - https://www.kernel.org/ Линукс (статия с полезни хипервръзки (препратки) накрая, от българоезичната Уикипедия) - https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81

https://flatpak.org/setup/
http://flathub.org

Quick Setup
Select your distro to get set up.

Ubuntu
Fedora
Endless OS
Chrome OS
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Linux Mint
openSUSE
Arch
Debian
CentOS
Gentoo
Kubuntu
Solus
Alpine
Mageia
Pop!_OS
elementary OS
Raspbian
Clear Linux
Void Linux
NixOS
PureOS
SulinOS
Ataraxia Linux
Zorin OS

Searching for packages for (GNU/)Linux distros: https://pkgs.org (!!!) https://packages.ubuntu.com/ https://www.debian.org/distrib/packages https://www.archlinux.org/packages/ https://aur.archlinux.org/ http://packages.linuxmint.com/ https://launchpad.net (Ubuntu-specific, Linux Mint-specific, and Debian-specific .deb/source PPAs, e.g. https://launchpad.net/lazpaint, https://launchpad.net/openshot, https://launchpad.net/gnome-paint) https://apps.fedoraproject.org/packages/ https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/ (!!! Includes distro-agnostic AppImage's for apps!) https://rpmfusion.org/ https://src.fedoraproject.org/ https://packages.gentoo.org/ https://rpms.remirepo.net/rpmphp/ https://getfedora.org/keys/ ... https://distrowatch.com/packages.php https://freshfoss.com/ https://www.icewalkers.com/

Other notable UNIX-like OSs apart from (GNU/)Linux (primarily used for servers)

FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, DragonflyBSD, etc.

The mainstream OSs for mobile devices (smartphones, phablets, tablets)

Google Android, Apple iOS, Windows10 mobile, Samsung Tizen, SailfishOS (by Jolla, with a heritage from Nokia and MeeGo), maruOS, BlissOS, Mer Project, Ubuntu Touch, KaiOS, KDE Plasma Mobile (Qt5-based?), postmarketOS, PureOS Librem, LineageOS, eelo, etc.

Older OSs for older mobile devices

SymbianOS 10, WinCEv5&v6 (Windows Embedded Compact) (all are obsolete except for older mobile devices or for hobbyist projects involving them), JavaME-based old cell-phones' custom OSs, etc.

Some other notable OSs

Google ChromeOS / Chromium OS 2, HaikuOS (inspired by BeOS), IllumosOS (OpenIndiana=OpenSolaris continuation), OpenCSW (Oracle Solaris 10 Update 8 or later), Oracle Solaris (previously: Sun Solaris), OpenIndiana, MINIX3, Plan9 (from Bell Labs), Inferno OS, HelenOS, OSv 2, BeOS, AmigaOS, OS/2, RISC OS, QNX, etc., {some micro FOSS-or-freeware small independent OSs to add}, etc.

EXTRA - Emulators for old and legacy video-game consoles & ancient PC hardware

for DirectX/Direct 3D video games compatibility:

DxWnd ( https://sourceforge.net/p/dxwnd/home/Home/ , https://sourceforge.net/projects/dxwnd/files/ ) ( , https://www.play-old-pc-games.com/compatibility-tools/using-dxwnd/ , https://softradar.com/dxwnd/ , https://www.majorgeeks.com/files/details/dxwnd.html , https://browsehappy.com/ , https://downloads.tomsguide.com/DxWnd,0301-65235.html ;

EXTRA2 - Good computers for FLOSS/FOSS users

There appeared a number of new manufacturers&vendors of computers suitable for FLOSS users. Apart from buying&using older second-hand laptops (IBM/Lenovo ThinkPad's, HP EliteBook, Fujitsu LifeBook, etc. brands), I find these 2 companies to be selling great laptops: https://puri.sm/, https://system76.com/, https://www.pine64.org/?page_id=3707 (https://archive.fo/U1ths), 2nd-hand IBM/Lenovo ThinkPad's, 2nd-hand HP laptops (e.g. HP EliteBook's), 2nd-hand/new Dell XPS 13+/16/17+, https://www.maketecheasier.com/best-linux-laptops/ (information accurate as of February 2019).

If you want to go full-copyleft/free-software, see https://stallman.org/stallman-computing.html (https://archive.fo/aiMTs) https://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group:Hardware/Freest (https://archive.fo/B6obD) https://libreboot.org/docs/hardware/ (https://archive.fo/mDL52) http://www.gnewsense.org/Main/LaptopGuide

  • ThinkPad T400s + libreboot + Trisquel GNU/Linux;
  • Lemote Yeeloong, OLPC (One Laptop Per Child) (https://archive.fo/yHryi) + WiFi adaptor due to a nonfree firmware blob for the WiFi card. RMS (Richard M. Stallman) dislikes 'Windows on the Intel Classmate, or nowadays a Chromebook that sends the child's personal data to Google.'
  • Hardware (laptops&desktop PCs) endorsed by the FSF (Free Software Foundation) (https://archive.fo/HFXfE)
  • Minifree Libreboot T400
  • Minifree Libreboot X200
  • Libiquity Taurinus X200
  • Technoethical X200 Laptop with Libreboot and GNU/Linux-libre (Technoethical TET-X200 is a refurbished 12.1″ fairly modular/customizable Lenovo ThinkPad X200 laptop preinstalled with Libreboot, the fully free BIOS replacement, and with a fully free GNU/Linux operating system Trisquel.)
  • Technoethical X200s Laptop with Libreboot and GNU/Linux-libre (The Technoethical TET-X200s is a refurbished 12.1″ fairly modular/customizable Lenovo ThinkPad X200s laptop preinstalled with Libreboot, the fully free BIOS replacement, and with a fully free GNU/Linux operating system Trisquel.)
  • Technoethical T400 Laptop with Libreboot and GNU/Linux-libre (The Technoethical TET-T400 is a refurbished 14.1″ fairly modular/customizable Lenovo ThinkPad T400 laptop preinstalled with Libreboot, the fully free BIOS replacement, and with a fully free GNU/Linux operating system Trisquel.)
  • Technoethical T400s Laptop with Libreboot and GNU/Linux-libre (The Technoethical T400s is a refurbished 14.1″ fairly modular/customizable Lenovo ThinkPad T400s laptop preinstalled with Libreboot, the fully free BIOS replacement, and with a fully free GNU/Linux operating system Trisquel.)
  • Technoethical T500 Laptop with Libreboot and GNU/Linux-libre (The Technoethical TET-T500 is a refurbished 15.4″ fairly modular/customizable Lenovo ThinkPad T500 laptop preinstalled with Libreboot, the fully free BIOS replacement, and with a fully free GNU/Linux operating system Trisquel.)
  • Vikings X200 ultraportable libre-friendly laptop - FSF RYF certified

https://www.gnu.org/distros/ https://www.gnu.org/distros/free-non-gnu-distros.html https://www.gnu.org/distros/common-distros.html https://www.gnu.org/distros/optionally-free-not-enough.html https://archive.fo/yHryi https://h-node.org/ - a database for open-hardware https://www.gnu.org/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html

If you wish to go FULL F(L)OSS in terms of software AND hardware, see these:

http://lilypond.org/ = GNU software for musical notation

Google Android-related projects: https://replicant.us/ & https://www.cyanogenmods.org/ & https://lineageos.org/

FSF-approved Desktops/Servers:

  • Technoethical D16 Server Mainboard with Libreboot (The Tehnoethical TET-D16 is a dual-socket ASUS KGPE D16 server/workstation board preinstalled with Libreboot, the fully free BIOS replacement.)
  • Vikings ASUS KGPE D16 Mainboard - FSF RYF Certified

Version-control systems (e.g. GitHub alternatives):

I personally like&use GitHub BUT I understand that many people dislike Microsoft buying GitHub and so they prefer self-hosted GitLab/etc. or hosting their website elsewhere with some free or paid hosting company...

The cool alternatives are: self-hosted instance(s) of GitLab OR Gitea OR Gogs (e.g. https://gogs.librecmc.org/libreCMC/libreCMC/src/v1.4/docs/Supported_Hardware.md ) - Git-scm; Fossil (https://fossil-scm.org/home/doc/trunk/www/index.wiki), Bazaar, SVC, Mercurial, etc.

F(L)OSS chemistry software:

OpenBabel (opens-source chemistry software package): http://openbabel.org/wiki/Main_Page open chemistry periodic table of chemical elements by Dmitry Mendeleev & IUPUC, et al.

FOSS CAD:

  • OpenCAD

ETC. ... (to be continued... in some other lifetime, hehe... Maybe. SEE YOU, SPACE COWBOY... AND THANKS FOR ALL THE FISH. Nah, keep breathing, soldier of fortune... and impregnate the woman before dying!)