Treeview.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- Treeview是tkinter.ttk的控件，该控件主要是提供多栏的显示功能，可称其为**树状表格数据(Treeview)**。\n",
    "- 在设计时也可在左边栏设计成树状结构或称层次结构，用户可以显示或隐藏任何部分，这个最左边的栏称为图标栏。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 18-1 Treeview的基本概念\n",
    "- Treeview(父对象,options,...)\n",
    " - columns:栏位的字符串。其中第一个栏位是默认的图标栏，不在此设置范围。若设置columns=(\"Name\",\"Age\")，则控件有三栏，最左边是图标栏，可进行展开(expand)或(collapse)操作，另外两栏是Name和Age。\n",
    " - cursor:可设置光标在此控件上的外观\n",
    " - displaycolumns:可以设置栏位显示顺序\n",
    "   1. 若参数是\"#all\"表示显示所有栏，同时依建立顺序显示\n",
    "   2. 若设置columns=(\"Name\",\"Age\",\"Date\")，使用insert()插入元素时需要依次插入元素。同样状况若使用columns(2,0)，(2,0)是指实体索引，则图标栏在最前面，紧跟着是Date栏，然后是Name栏。这种状况也可写成columns=(\"Date\",\"Name\")\n",
    " - height:控件每行的高度\n",
    " - padding:可使用1～4个参数设置内容与控件框的间距，规则如下：\n",
    " \n",
    "值|Left|Top|Right|Bottom\n",
    ":-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:\n",
    "a|a|a|a|a\n",
    "ab|a|b|a|b\n",
    "abc|a|c|b|c\n",
    "abcd|a|b|c|d\n",
    " \n",
    " - selectmode:用户可使用鼠标选择项目的方式\n",
    "   1. selectmode=BROWSE,一次选择一项，默认\n",
    "   2. selectmode=EXTENDED,一次可以选择多项\n",
    "   3. selectmode=NONE,无法用鼠标执行选择\n",
    " - show:默认是设置显示图标栏的标签show=\"tree\",若省略则显示图标栏，若设为show=\"headings\",则不显示图标栏\n",
    " - takefocus:默认是True，若不想被访问则可设为False"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#简单建立Treeview控件的应用\n",
    "\n",
    "from tkinter import *\n",
    "from tkinter.ttk import *\n",
    "\n",
    "root=Tk()\n",
    "root.title(\"18_1\")\n",
    "\n",
    "#建立Treeview\n",
    "tree=Treeview(root,columns=(\"cities\"))\n",
    "#建立栏标题\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#0\",text=\"State\")               #图标栏\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#1\",text=\"City\")\n",
    "#建立内容\n",
    "tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=\"伊利诺\",values=\"芝加哥\")\n",
    "tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=\"加州\",values=\"洛杉矶\")\n",
    "tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=\"江苏\",values=\"南京\")\n",
    "tree.pack()\n",
    "\n",
    "root.mainloop()\n",
    "\n",
    "#控件名称是tree，此控件有一个栏位，域名是cities，未来程序设计可以使用此cities代表这一个栏位。\n",
    "#经这样设置后，可知此多栏窗体有两个栏位，除了cities外，另外左边有图标栏位。\n",
    "#使用heading()方法，在该方法内建立了栏标题，\"#0\"指最左栏图标栏位，\"#1\"指第一个栏位。\n",
    "#insert()方法插入Treeview控件内容。第一个参数\"\"，代表父id，因为图标栏未来可有树状结构，所以有该栏位设计。\n",
    "#当所建的栏是最顶层时，可用\"\"空字符串处理。\n",
    "#第二个参数index=END代表将资料插入Treeview末端。\n",
    "#第三个参数text是设置图标栏的内容。\n",
    "#第四个参数的values是设置City栏的内容。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#重新设计上例。增加show=\"headings\"参数，将不显示图标栏。\n",
    "\n",
    "from tkinter import *\n",
    "from tkinter.ttk import *\n",
    "\n",
    "root=Tk()\n",
    "root.title(\"18_1_1\")\n",
    "\n",
    "#建立Treeview\n",
    "tree=Treeview(root,columns=(\"cities\"),show=\"headings\")\n",
    "#建立栏标题\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#0\",text=\"State\")               #图标栏\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#1\",text=\"City\")\n",
    "#建立内容\n",
    "tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=\"伊利诺\",values=\"芝加哥\")\n",
    "tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=\"加州\",values=\"洛杉矶\")\n",
    "tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=\"江苏\",values=\"南京\")\n",
    "tree.pack()\n",
    "\n",
    "root.mainloop()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#上例中columns=(\"cities\")，指出栏标题名称是cities，可用此字符串代表栏位。在后面设置栏标题时，用\"cities\"取代\"#1\"。\n",
    "\n",
    "from tkinter import *\n",
    "from tkinter.ttk import *\n",
    "\n",
    "root=Tk()\n",
    "root.title(\"18_2\")\n",
    "\n",
    "#建立Treeview\n",
    "tree=Treeview(root,columns=(\"cities\"),show=\"headings\")\n",
    "#建立栏标题\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#0\",text=\"State\")               #图标栏\n",
    "tree.heading(\"cities\",text=\"City\")\n",
    "#建立内容\n",
    "tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=\"伊利诺\",values=\"芝加哥\")\n",
    "tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=\"加州\",values=\"洛杉矶\")\n",
    "tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=\"江苏\",values=\"南京\")\n",
    "tree.pack()\n",
    "\n",
    "root.mainloop()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#insert()方法中第4个参数values是设置所插入的内容。\n",
    "#若有多栏时，需使用values=(value1,value2,...)。\n",
    "#若所设内容数太少，则其他栏将是空白。\n",
    "#若所设内容数太多，则多出来的内容将被抛弃。\n",
    "\n",
    "#重新设计上例。增加show=\"headings\"参数，将不显示图标栏。\n",
    "\n",
    "from tkinter import *\n",
    "from tkinter.ttk import *\n",
    "\n",
    "root=Tk()\n",
    "root.title(\"18_3\")\n",
    "\n",
    "#建立Treeview\n",
    "tree=Treeview(root,columns=(\"cities\",\"populations\"))\n",
    "#建立栏标题\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#0\",text=\"State\")               #图标栏\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#1\",text=\"City\")\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#2\",text=\"Populations\")\n",
    "#建立内容\n",
    "tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=\"伊利诺\",values=(\"芝加哥\",\"800\"))\n",
    "tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=\"加州\",values=(\"777\",\"888\",\"洛杉矶\"))\n",
    "tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=\"江苏\",values=\"南京\")\n",
    "tree.pack()\n",
    "\n",
    "root.mainloop()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- insert()方法的用法\n",
    " - text:设置图标栏的内容\n",
    " - values:设置一般栏位的内容，values=(\"1\",\"2\")，这是以顺序方式放置栏位，\"1\"是第一个栏位，\"2\"是第二个栏位\n",
    " - 列表或元组形式都可以设置values参数内容。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#用列表方式建立栏位内容。\n",
    "\n",
    "#重新设计上例。增加show=\"headings\"参数，将不显示图标栏。\n",
    "\n",
    "from tkinter import *\n",
    "from tkinter.ttk import *\n",
    "\n",
    "root=Tk()\n",
    "root.title(\"18_3_1\")\n",
    "\n",
    "list1=[\"1\",\"2\"]\n",
    "list2=[\"3\",\"4\"]\n",
    "list3=[\"5\",\"6\"]\n",
    "\n",
    "#建立Treeview\n",
    "tree=Treeview(root,columns=(\"cities\",\"populations\"))\n",
    "#建立栏标题\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#0\",text=\"State\")               #图标栏\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#1\",text=\"City\")\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#2\",text=\"Populations\")\n",
    "#建立内容\n",
    "tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=\"伊利诺\",values=list1)\n",
    "tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=\"加州\",values=list2)\n",
    "tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=\"江苏\",values=list3)\n",
    "tree.pack()\n",
    "\n",
    "root.mainloop()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 18-2 格式化Treeview栏位内容\n",
    "- Treeview控件的column()方法主要用于格式化特定栏位的内容，它的语法格式如下：\n",
    "- column(id,options),id是指出特定栏位，可用字符串表达，或用\"#index\"索引方式。\n",
    " - anchor:可设置栏内容参考位置\n",
    " - minwidth:最小栏宽，默认是20像素\n",
    " - stretch:默认是1,当控件大小改变时栏宽将随着改变\n",
    " - width:默认栏宽是200像素\n",
    " - 若使用此方法不含参数，即ret=column(id)，将以字典方式传回特定栏所有参数的内容"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#格式化上例，将第1,2栏宽度改为150,同时居中对齐，图标栏不改变。\n",
    "\n",
    "from tkinter import *\n",
    "from tkinter.ttk import *\n",
    "\n",
    "root=Tk()\n",
    "root.title(\"18_4\")\n",
    "\n",
    "list1=[\"1\",\"2\"]\n",
    "list2=[\"3\",\"4\"]\n",
    "list3=[\"5\",\"6\"]\n",
    "\n",
    "#建立Treeview\n",
    "tree=Treeview(root,columns=(\"cities\",\"populations\"))\n",
    "#建立栏标题\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#0\",text=\"State\")               #图标栏\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#1\",text=\"City\")\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#2\",text=\"Populations\")\n",
    "#格式化栏位\n",
    "tree.column(\"#1\",anchor=CENTER,width=150)\n",
    "tree.column(\"#2\",anchor=CENTER,width=150)\n",
    "#建立内容\n",
    "tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=\"伊利诺\",values=list1)\n",
    "tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=\"加州\",values=list2)\n",
    "tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=\"江苏\",values=list3)\n",
    "tree.pack()\n",
    "\n",
    "root.mainloop()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'width': 150, 'minwidth': 20, 'stretch': 1, 'anchor': 'center', 'id': 'cities'}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#扩充设计上例。以字典方式列出cities栏位的所有内容。\n",
    "\n",
    "from tkinter import *\n",
    "from tkinter.ttk import *\n",
    "\n",
    "root=Tk()\n",
    "root.title(\"18_1\")\n",
    "\n",
    "list1=[\"1\",\"2\"]\n",
    "list2=[\"3\",\"4\"]\n",
    "list3=[\"5\",\"6\"]\n",
    "\n",
    "#建立Treeview\n",
    "tree=Treeview(root,columns=(\"cities\",\"populations\"))\n",
    "#建立栏标题\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#0\",text=\"State\")               #图标栏\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#1\",text=\"City\")\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#2\",text=\"Populations\")\n",
    "#格式化栏位\n",
    "tree.column(\"#1\",anchor=CENTER,width=150)\n",
    "tree.column(\"#2\",anchor=CENTER,width=150)\n",
    "#建立内容\n",
    "tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=\"伊利诺\",values=list1)\n",
    "tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=\"加州\",values=list2)\n",
    "tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=\"江苏\",values=list3)\n",
    "tree.pack()\n",
    "cityDict=tree.column(\"cities\")\n",
    "print(cityDict)\n",
    "root.mainloop()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 18-3 建立不同颜色的行内容\n",
    "- 建立Treeview控件内容时，常需要在不同行之间用不同底色做区分，以方便使用者查看。\n",
    "- Treeview控件有tag_configure()方法，可用于建立标签，然后定义此标签的格式。\n",
    "- tag_configure(\"tagName\",options,...)\n",
    " - background:标签背景颜色\n",
    " - font:字形设置\n",
    " - foreground:标签前景颜色\n",
    " - image:图像与列表同时显示\n",
    "- 要将标签导入栏位用insert()方法，insert(...,tags=\"tagName\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#将偶数行使用蓝底显示。\n",
    "\n",
    "from tkinter import *\n",
    "from tkinter.ttk import *\n",
    "\n",
    "root=Tk()\n",
    "root.title(\"ch18_6\")\n",
    "\n",
    "stateCity={\"伊利诺\":\"芝加哥\",\"加州\":\"洛杉矶\",\n",
    "           \"德州\":\"休斯敦\",\"华盛顿州\":\"西雅图\",\n",
    "           \"江苏\":\"南京\",\"山东\":\"青岛\",\n",
    "           \"广东\":\"广州\",\"福建\":\"厦门\"}\n",
    "#建立Treeview\n",
    "tree=Treeview(root,columns=(\"cities\"))\n",
    "#建立栏标题\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#0\",text=\"State\")\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#1\",text=\"City\")\n",
    "#格式栏位\n",
    "tree.column(\"cities\",anchor=CENTER)\n",
    "#建立内容，行号从1算起偶数行是用浅蓝色底\n",
    "tree.tag_configure(\"evenColor\",background=\"lightblue\")    #设置标签\n",
    "rowCount=1                                                #行号从1算起\n",
    "for state in stateCity.keys():\n",
    "    if (rowCount%2==1):                                   #若True则是奇数行\n",
    "        tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=state,values=stateCity[state])\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=state,values=stateCity[state],tags=\"evenColor\")  #建立浅蓝色底\n",
    "    rowCount+=1                                           #行号数加1\n",
    "tree.pack()\n",
    "\n",
    "root.mainloop()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 18-4 建立层级式的Treeview\n",
    "- 在图标栏先建立top-level的项目id，然后将相关子项目放在所属的top-level项目id即可。\n",
    "- 关键是insert()方法，必须在第一个参数放置top-level的id"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#建立层级式的Treeview控件内容\n",
    "\n",
    "from tkinter import *\n",
    "from tkinter.ttk import *\n",
    "\n",
    "root=Tk()\n",
    "root.title(\"ch18_7\")\n",
    "\n",
    "asia={\"中国\":\"北京\",\"日本\":\"东京\",\"泰国\":\"曼谷\",\"韩国\":\"首尔\"}\n",
    "euro={\"英国\":\"伦敦\",\"法国\":\"巴黎\",\"德国\":\"柏林\",\"挪威\":\"奥斯陆\"}\n",
    "\n",
    "#建立Treeview\n",
    "tree=Treeview(root,columns=(\"capital\"))\n",
    "#建立栏标题\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#0\",text=\"国家\")\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#1\",text=\"首都\")\n",
    "#建立图标栏top-level的id\n",
    "idAsia=tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=\"Asia\")\n",
    "idEuro=tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=\"Europe\")\n",
    "#建立idAsia底下内容\n",
    "for country in asia.keys():\n",
    "    tree.insert(idAsia,index=END,text=country,values=asia[country])\n",
    "#建立idEurope底下内容\n",
    "for country in euro.keys():\n",
    "    tree.insert(idEuro,index=END,text=country,values=euro[country])\n",
    "tree.pack()\n",
    "\n",
    "root.mainloop()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 18-5 插入图像\n",
    "- 在insert()方法内若是增加image参数可以添加图像，在添加图像时需考虑可能row的高度不足，所以必须增加高度。可用Style()方法处理。\n",
    "- Style().configure(\"Treeview\",rowheight=xx)                   #xx是高度设置"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#设计一个含有图像的Treeview\n",
    "\n",
    "from tkinter import *\n",
    "from tkinter.ttk import *\n",
    "from PIL import ImageTk,Image\n",
    "\n",
    "root=Tk()\n",
    "root.title(\"ch18_8\")\n",
    "\n",
    "Style().configure(\"Treeview\",rowheight=35)         #格式化扩充row高度\n",
    "\n",
    "info=[\"凤凰新闻App可以获得中国各地最新消息\",\n",
    "     \"瑞士国家铁路App提供全瑞士火车时刻表\",\n",
    "     \"可口可乐App是一个娱乐的软件\"]\n",
    "\n",
    "tree=Treeview(root,columns=(\"说明\"))\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#0\",text=\"App\")\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#1\",text=\"功能说明\")\n",
    "tree.column(\"#1\",width=300)                        #格式化栏标题\n",
    "\n",
    "img1=Image.open(\"test2.jpeg\") \n",
    "imgObj1=ImageTk.PhotoImage(img1)\n",
    "tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=\"凤凰新闻\",image=imgObj1,values=info[0])\n",
    "\n",
    "tree.pack()\n",
    "\n",
    "root.mainloop()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 18-6 Selection选项发生与事件触发\n",
    "- Treeview控件中有三种选择模式，分别是BROWSE（默认），EXTENDED，NONE，这是由selectmode参数设置的。\n",
    "- 当有新选择项目发生时会产生虚拟事件<<TreeviewSelect\\>>，针对此特性可设计相关功能。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#使用默认的BROWSE选项，一次只能选择一个项目，当选择发生时将同步在窗口下方的状态栏显示所选项目\n",
    "\n",
    "from tkinter import *\n",
    "from tkinter.ttk import *\n",
    "\n",
    "def treeSelect(event):\n",
    "    widgetObj=event.widget                          #取得控件\n",
    "    itemselected=widgetObj.selection()[0]           #取得选项\n",
    "    col1=widgetObj.item(itemselected,\"text\")        #取得图标栏内容\n",
    "    col2=widgetObj.item(itemselected,\"values\")[0]   #取得第0索引栏位内容\n",
    "    str=\"{0}:{1}\".format(col1,col2)                 #取得所选项目内容\n",
    "    var.set(str)                                    #设置状态栏内容\n",
    "    \n",
    "root=Tk()\n",
    "root.title(\"ch18_9\")\n",
    "\n",
    "stateCity={\"伊利诺\":\"芝加哥\",\"加州\":\"洛杉矶\",\n",
    "           \"德州\":\"休斯敦\",\"华盛顿州\":\"西雅图\",\n",
    "           \"江苏\":\"南京\",\"山东\":\"青岛\",\n",
    "           \"广东\":\"广州\",\"福建\":\"厦门\"}\n",
    "#建立Treeview\n",
    "tree=Treeview(root,columns=(\"cities\"),selectmode=BROWSE)\n",
    "#建立栏标题\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#0\",text=\"State\")\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#1\",text=\"City\")\n",
    "#格式栏位\n",
    "tree.column(\"cities\",anchor=CENTER)\n",
    "#建立内容，行号从1算起偶数行是用浅蓝色底\n",
    "tree.tag_configure(\"evenColor\",background=\"lightblue\")    #设置标签\n",
    "rowCount=1                                                #行号从1算起\n",
    "for state in stateCity.keys():\n",
    "    if (rowCount%2==1):                                   #若True则是奇数行\n",
    "        tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=state,values=stateCity[state])\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=state,values=stateCity[state],tags=\"evenColor\")  #建立浅蓝色底\n",
    "    rowCount+=1                                           #行号数加1\n",
    "    \n",
    "tree.bind(\"<<TreeviewSelect>>\",treeSelect)                #Treevi控件Select事件发生\n",
    "tree.pack()\n",
    "\n",
    "var=StringVar()\n",
    "label=Label(root,textvariable=var,relief=GROOVE)          #建立状态栏\n",
    "label.pack(fill=BOTH,expand=True)\n",
    "\n",
    "root.mainloop()\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "#本例中，用event.widget取得发生事件的控件并设置给widgetObj，\n",
    "#对widgetObj调用selection()方法来取得目前所选的项目，用itemselected代表该项目，\n",
    "#对widgetObj调用item()方法，即widgetObj.item(itemselected,...)以获取所选项目图标栏的内容和索引栏的内容。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 18-7 删除项目\n",
    "- 在Treeview控件中可用delete()方法删除所选项目。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#删除所选项目。\n",
    "#该程序在建立Treeview控件时设置selectmode=EXTENDED，\n",
    "#相当于一次可以选择多项，第二个选项在单击鼠标时可以同时按Ctrl键，可选择不连续的选项。\n",
    "#如果第二个选项在单击鼠标时同时按Shift键，可选择连续的选项。\n",
    "#该程序下方有Remove按钮，单击此按钮可删除所选项目。\n",
    "\n",
    "from tkinter import *\n",
    "from tkinter.ttk import *\n",
    "\n",
    "def removeItem():                                #删除所选项目\n",
    "    iids=tree.selection()                        #取得所选项目，iids数据类型是元组\n",
    "    for iid in iids:                             #所选项目可能很多所以用循环\n",
    "        tree.delete(iid)                         #删除所选项目\n",
    "        \n",
    "root=Tk()\n",
    "root.title(\"ch18_10\")\n",
    "\n",
    "stateCity={\"伊利诺\":\"芝加哥\",\"加州\":\"洛杉矶\",\n",
    "           \"德州\":\"休斯敦\",\"华盛顿州\":\"西雅图\",\n",
    "           \"江苏\":\"南京\",\"山东\":\"青岛\",\n",
    "           \"广东\":\"广州\",\"福建\":\"厦门\"}\n",
    "#建立Treeview\n",
    "tree=Treeview(root,columns=(\"cities\"),selectmode=EXTENDED)\n",
    "#建立栏标题\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#0\",text=\"State\")\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#1\",text=\"City\")\n",
    "#格式栏位\n",
    "tree.column(\"cities\",anchor=CENTER)\n",
    "#建立内容\n",
    "for state in stateCity.keys(): \n",
    "    tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=state,values=stateCity[state])\n",
    "tree.pack()\n",
    "\n",
    "rmBtn=Button(root,text=\"Remove\",command=removeItem)          #删除按钮\n",
    "rmBtn.pack(pady=5)\n",
    "\n",
    "root.mainloop()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 18-8 插入项目\n",
    "- 在Treeview控件中插入项目，使用insert()方法。而所插入的具体内容则可用Entry控件。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#扩充上例，增加设计插入功能。\n",
    "#由于该Treeview控件包含图标栏共有2个栏位，故必须建立2个Entry控件，由于必须标出所插入的控件，故要在Entry旁加上2个标签。\n",
    "#执行插入时，必须使用一个按钮表示出执行插入操作，所以必须再建立一个按钮。\n",
    "\n",
    "from tkinter import *\n",
    "from tkinter.ttk import *\n",
    "\n",
    "def removeItem():                                #删除所选项目\n",
    "    iids=tree.selection()                        #取得所选项目，iids数据类型是元组\n",
    "    for iid in iids:                             #所选项目可能很多所以用循环\n",
    "        tree.delete(iid)                         #删除所选项目\n",
    "        \n",
    "def insertItem():\n",
    "    state=stateEntry.get()                       #获得stateEntry的输入\n",
    "    city=cityEntry.get()                         #获得cityEntry的输入\n",
    "    #如果输入数据不完全，不往下执行\n",
    "    if (len(state.strip())==0 or len(city.strip())==0):\n",
    "        return\n",
    "    tree.insert(\"\",END,text=state,values=(city)) #插入\n",
    "    stateEntry.delete(0,END)                     #删除stateEntry\n",
    "    cityEntry.delete(0,END)                      #删除cityEntry\n",
    "\n",
    "root=Tk()\n",
    "root.title(\"ch18_10\")\n",
    "\n",
    "stateCity={\"伊利诺\":\"芝加哥\",\"加州\":\"洛杉矶\",\n",
    "           \"德州\":\"休斯敦\",\"华盛顿州\":\"西雅图\",\n",
    "           \"江苏\":\"南京\",\"山东\":\"青岛\",\n",
    "           \"广东\":\"广州\",\"福建\":\"厦门\"}\n",
    "\n",
    "#以下三行主要是应用在缩放窗口，若没有这三行设置，当缩放窗口时，所有组件大小将不会更改。\n",
    "root.rowconfigure(1,weight=1)                    #row1会随窗口缩放1:1变化，影响Treeview控件\n",
    "root.columnconfigure(1,weight=1)                 #column1会随窗口缩放1:1变化，影响stateEntry控件\n",
    "root.columnconfigure(3,weight=1)                 #column3会随窗口缩放1:1变化，影响cityEntry控件\n",
    "\n",
    "stateLab=Label(root,text=\"State:\")               #建立State:标签\n",
    "stateLab.grid(row=0,column=0,padx=5,pady=3,sticky=W)\n",
    "stateEntry=Entry()                               #建立State:文本框\n",
    "stateEntry.grid(row=0,column=1,sticky=W+E,padx=5,pady=3)\n",
    "cityLab=Label(root,text=\"City:\")                 #建立City:标签\n",
    "cityLab.grid(row=0,column=2,sticky=E)\n",
    "cityEntry=Entry()                                #建立City:文本框\n",
    "cityEntry.grid(row=0,column=3,sticky=W+E,padx=5,pady=3)\n",
    "#建立Insert按钮\n",
    "inBtn=Button(root,text=\"插入\",command=insertItem)\n",
    "inBtn.grid(row=0,column=4,padx=5,pady=3)\n",
    "\n",
    "#建立Treeview\n",
    "tree=Treeview(root,columns=(\"cities\"),selectmode=EXTENDED)\n",
    "#建立栏标题\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#0\",text=\"State\")\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#1\",text=\"City\")\n",
    "#格式栏位\n",
    "tree.column(\"cities\",anchor=CENTER)\n",
    "#建立内容\n",
    "for state in stateCity.keys():\n",
    "        tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=state,values=stateCity[state])\n",
    "tree.grid(row=1,column=0,columnspan=5,padx=5,sticky=W+E+N+S)\n",
    "\n",
    "rmBtn=Button(root,text=\"Remove\",command=removeItem)          #“删除”按钮\n",
    "rmBtn.grid(row=2,column=2,padx=5,pady=3,sticky=W)           \n",
    "\n",
    "root.mainloop()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 18-9 双击某个项目\n",
    "- 使用Treeview控件时，常需要双击操作，最常见的是打开文档。\n",
    "- 在Treeview控件中当发生双击时，会产生<Double-1\\>事件，利用该功能建立一个双击的事件处理程序。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#当双击Treeview控件中的某个项目时，会出现对话框，列出所选的项目。\n",
    "\n",
    "from tkinter import *\n",
    "from tkinter.ttk import *\n",
    "from tkinter import messagebox\n",
    "\n",
    "def doubleClick(event):          \n",
    "    e=event.widget                                     #取得事件控件\n",
    "    iid=e.identify(\"item\",event.x,event.y)             #取得双击项目id\n",
    "    state=e.item(iid,\"text\")                           #取得state\n",
    "    city=e.item(iid,\"values\")[0]                       #取得city\n",
    "    str=\"{0}:{1}\".format(state,city)                   #格式化\n",
    "    messagebox.showinfo(\"Double Clicked\",str)          #输出\n",
    "    \n",
    "root=Tk()\n",
    "root.title(\"ch18_12\")\n",
    "\n",
    "stateCity={\"伊利诺\":\"芝加哥\",\"加州\":\"洛杉矶\",\n",
    "           \"德州\":\"休斯敦\",\"华盛顿州\":\"西雅图\",\n",
    "           \"江苏\":\"南京\",\"山东\":\"青岛\",\n",
    "           \"广东\":\"广州\",\"福建\":\"厦门\"}\n",
    "#建立Treeview\n",
    "tree=Treeview(root,columns=(\"cities\"))\n",
    "#建立栏标题\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#0\",text=\"State\")\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#1\",text=\"City\")\n",
    "#格式栏位\n",
    "tree.column(\"cities\",anchor=CENTER)\n",
    "#建立内容\n",
    "for state in stateCity.keys():\n",
    "    tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=state,values=stateCity[state])\n",
    "tree.bind(\"<Double-1>\",doubleClick)                 #双击绑定doubleClick方法\n",
    "tree.pack()\n",
    "\n",
    "root.mainloop()\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "#e=event.widget取得双击事件的控件，\n",
    "#identify(\"xxx\",event.x,event.y)，第一个参数xxx可以是item,column,row，后两个参数是event.x,event.y，\n",
    "#表示用双击时的坐标来取得双击时的item,column或row的信息。此例用item表示获取哪一个项目被双击。\n",
    "#e.item(iid,\"text\")获得被双击项目的\"text\"信息。\n",
    "#e.item(iid,\"values\")[0]获得被双击项目的\"values\"信息。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 18-10 Treeview绑定滚动条"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#将滚动条应用在Treeview控件中\n",
    "\n",
    "from tkinter import *\n",
    "from tkinter.ttk import *\n",
    "\n",
    "root=Tk()\n",
    "root.title(\"ch18_13\")\n",
    "\n",
    "stateCity={\"伊利诺\":\"芝加哥\",\"加州\":\"洛杉矶\",\n",
    "           \"德州\":\"休斯敦\",\"华盛顿州\":\"西雅图\",\n",
    "           \"江苏\":\"南京\",\"山东\":\"青岛\",\n",
    "           \"广东\":\"广州\",\"福建\":\"厦门\"}\n",
    "#建立Treeview\n",
    "tree=Treeview(root,columns=(\"cities\"))\n",
    "yscrollbar=Scrollbar(root)                                   #y轴scrollbar对象\n",
    "yscrollbar.pack(side=RIGHT,fill=Y)                           #y轴scrollbar包装显示\n",
    "tree.pack()\n",
    "yscrollbar.config(command=tree.yview)                        #y轴scrollbar设置\n",
    "tree.configure(yscrollcommand=yscrollbar.set)\n",
    "#建立栏标题\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#0\",text=\"State\")\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#1\",text=\"City\")\n",
    "#格式栏位\n",
    "tree.column(\"cities\",anchor=CENTER)\n",
    "#建立内容\n",
    "for state in stateCity.keys():\n",
    "        tree.insert(\"\",index=END,text=state,values=stateCity[state])\n",
    "\n",
    "root.mainloop()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 18-11 排序\n",
    "- 创建Treeview控件后，可为控件增加排序功能，即单击栏位标题执行排序。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#排序Treeview控件State栏的数据。\n",
    "#该程序中省略了图标栏，故Treeview控件中只有一个State栏。\n",
    "#当单击栏标题时可以正常排序（由小到大），若再单击则反向排序。\n",
    "\n",
    "from tkinter import *\n",
    "from tkinter.ttk import *\n",
    "\n",
    "def treeview_sortColumn(col):  \n",
    "    global reverseFlag                                          #定义排序标识全局变量\n",
    "    print(tree.get_children(\"\"))\n",
    "    lst=[(tree.set(st,col),st) for st in tree.get_children(\"\")]\n",
    "    print(list(enumerate(lst)))                                                  #打印列表\n",
    "    lst.sort(reverse=reverseFlag)                               #排序列表\n",
    "    print(lst)                                                  #打印列表\n",
    "    for index,item in enumerate(lst):                           #重新移动项目内容\n",
    "        tree.move(item[1],\"\",index)\n",
    "    reverseFlag=not reverseFlag                                 #更改排序标识\n",
    "    \n",
    "root=Tk()\n",
    "root.title(\"ch18_14\")\n",
    "reverseFlag=False                                               #排序标识注明是否反向排序\n",
    "\n",
    "myStates={\"Illinois\",\"California\",\"Texas\",\"Washiongton\",\n",
    "          \"Jiangsu\",\"Shandong\",\"Guangdong\",\"Fujian\",\n",
    "         \"Mississippi\",\"Kentucky\",\"Florida\",\"Indiana\"}\n",
    "\n",
    "tree=Treeview(root,columns=(\"states\"),show=\"headings\")\n",
    "yscrollbar=Scrollbar(root)                                      #y轴scrollbar对象\n",
    "yscrollbar.pack(side=RIGHT,fill=Y)                              #y轴scrollbar包装显示\n",
    "tree.pack()\n",
    "yscrollbar.config(command=tree.yview)                           #y轴scrollbar设置\n",
    "tree.configure(yscrollcommand=yscrollbar.set)\n",
    "#建立栏标题\n",
    "#tree.heading(\"states\",text=\"State\")\n",
    "#建立内容\n",
    "for state in myStates:                                          #第一次的Treeview内容\n",
    "    tree.insert(\"\",index=END,values=(state,))\n",
    "#单击标题栏将启动treeview_sortColumn\n",
    "tree.heading(\"#1\",text=\"State\",command=lambda c=\"states\":treeview_sortColumn(c))\n",
    "\n",
    "root.mainloop()\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "#lambda表达式，lambda c=\"states\":treeview_sortColumn(c)，\n",
    "#其中将\"states\"设置给变量c，再将c当作参数传递给treeview_sortColumn()。\n",
    "#tree.get_children([item])方法，会传回item的一个tuple的iid值，若省略item则传回包含top-level的iid值的tuple。\n",
    "#tree.set(st,col)，col是函数的参数，这里即为\"states\"这个栏位，st是该栏位的iid（如'I001'），用该方法列出对应iid的项目内容。\n",
    "#枚举enumerate(sequence,[start=0])，sequence指可迭代的对象，start指索引起始位置，该方法返回含索引的元组元素，如(index,item)。\n",
    "#tree.move(iid,parent,index)，将iid所指项目移至parent层次的index位置，该例用\"\"代表parent层次。"
   ]
  }
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