From 5ba3ea7af572611778d74f0cad51cb0cff10f9a8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Dec 2023 12:29:22 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 01/40] Fix silly typos in "whats.new" file.

---
 whats.new | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/whats.new b/whats.new
index 31f53a36..dc156735 100644
--- a/whats.new
+++ b/whats.new
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ New in version 4.00:
   ISOlink changes ...
   -------------------
 - Add "-sgx" CLI parameter to put a SuperGRAFX string into CD-ROM projects.
-- Slight changes to the CLI format to allow HuC uses to name CD projects.
+- Slight changes to the CLI format to allow HuC users to name CD projects.
 - Change sector location and format of the directory information.
 - Change HuC location for patching directory info into HuC projects.
 - Change default startup location for HuC projects.
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ New in version 4.00:
 - Allow KickC to run multiple passes to resolve forward-referenced symbols.
 - Fix some data directives not expanding the ROM size during early passes.
 - Enable JMP from one procedure to another to allow tail-call optimization.
-- Enable expression evalution to be used in CALL pseudo-op.
+- Enable expression evaluation to be used in CALL pseudo-op.
 - Change default procedure packing to match PCEAS v3.21, use "-O" for enable
   the newer optimized procedure packing.
 - Fix procedure relocation from breaking some code declared after procedures.

From b6e6c256b0f3bdd8a627b9f93136fe4f658c9b73 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Dec 2023 12:51:39 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 02/40] Change GulliverBoy HuVIDEO example to check for the
 correct CD, and skip video playback if not.

---
 .../asm/elmer/ted2-core-gulliver/gulliver.asm | 68 ++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 57 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-core-gulliver/gulliver.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-core-gulliver/gulliver.asm
index d7b1a665..fed599a3 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-core-gulliver/gulliver.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-core-gulliver/gulliver.asm
@@ -135,6 +135,9 @@ SUPPORT_TIMING	=	1	; Include the HuVIDEO timing information.
 ;
 
 		.zp
+
+which_video:	ds	1
+
 		.bss
 		.code
 
@@ -241,13 +244,14 @@ core_main:	; Turn the display off and initialize the screen mode.
 	.endif
 
 .sign_on:	PRINTF	"\eX3\eY22GulliverBoy HuVIDEO Player"
-		PRINTF	"\eX35\eY22GulliverBoy HuVIDEO Player"
 
 		PRINTF	"\eX2\eY23Buffer used when refill: $xx"
 		PRINTF	"\eX2\eY24Buffer used refill done: $xx"
 		PRINTF	"\eX2\eY25Buffer refill time  1st: $xx"
 		PRINTF	"\eX2\eY26Buffer refill time rest: $xx"
 
+		PRINTF	"\eX35\eY22GulliverBoy HuVIDEO Player"
+
 		PRINTF	"\eX34\eY23Buffer used when refill: $xx"
 		PRINTF	"\eX34\eY24Buffer used refill done: $xx"
 		PRINTF	"\eX34\eY25Buffer refill time  1st: $xx"
@@ -262,11 +266,30 @@ core_main:	; Turn the display off and initialize the screen mode.
 		beq	!+			; Are we ready?
 		jmp	.main_loop
 
+!:		lda	#$25			; Default to NOT Gulliver CD!
+
+		ldx	tnomax			; Gulliver CD has 10 BCD tracks.
+		cpx	#$10
+		bne	!+
+		ldx	outmin			; Gulliver CD has 73 BCD minutes.
+		cpx	#$73
+		bne	!+
+		ldx	outsec			; Gulliver CD has 23 BCD seconds.
+		cpx	#$23
+		bne	!+
+		ldx	outfrm			; Gulliver CD has 53 BCD frames.
+		cpx	#$53
+		bne	!+
+
+;		lda	#$24			; Star Boy Movie.
+		lda	#$22			; Title Movie
+
 		; Play the "GulliverBoy" title HuVIDEO.
 
-!:
-;		lda	#$24			; Star Boy
-		lda	#$22			; Title Movie
+!:		sta	<which_video		; Which video to play?
+		cmp	#$25			; Skip HuVIDEO if this is not
+		bcs	!+			; the GulliverBoy CD.
+
 		sta	<_al
 		call	play_huvideo
 		beq	!+			; Are we ready?
@@ -291,11 +314,16 @@ core_main:	; Turn the display off and initialize the screen mode.
 		sta	<_bl			; complete, but will always end
 		lda	#3			; just after the sector has been
 		sta	<_dh			; read.
-		lda	gulliver_lba + $22 * 4 + 0
+
+		lda	<which_video		; Which video to play?
+		asl	a
+		asl	a
+		tax
+		lda	gulliver_lba + 0, x
 		sta	<_dl
-		lda	gulliver_lba + $22 * 4 + 1
+		lda	gulliver_lba + 1, x
 		sta	<_ch
-		lda	gulliver_lba + $22 * 4 + 2
+		lda	gulliver_lba + 2, x
 		sta	<_cl
 		stz	irq_cnt
 	.if	CDROM
@@ -314,12 +342,20 @@ core_main:	; Turn the display off and initialize the screen mode.
 		sta	<_bl			; time taken for the reads is
 		lda	#3			; how long it takes to read
 		sta	<_dh			; 150KB.
-		lda	gulliver_lba + $22 * 4 + 0
-		inc	a
+
+		lda	<which_video		; Which video to play?
+		asl	a
+		asl	a
+		tax
+		clc
+		lda	gulliver_lba + 0, x
+		adc	#1
 		sta	<_dl
-		lda	gulliver_lba + $22 * 4 + 1
+		lda	gulliver_lba + 1, x
+		adc	#0
 		sta	<_ch
-		lda	gulliver_lba + $22 * 4 + 2
+		lda	gulliver_lba + 2, x
+		adc	#0
 		sta	<_cl
 		stz	irq_cnt
 	.if	CDROM
@@ -530,6 +566,16 @@ gulliver_lba:	dd	$015002			; $00 Game Start
 		dd	$02EF9C			; $23 Baddie Test?
 		dd	$02F4B0			; $24 Star Boy
 
+		; Sector # for read-speed test if not a GulliverBoy CD.
+		;
+		; This is the sector # of the Sherlock Holmes Consulting
+		; Detective (USA) Intro movie, used as a quick-and-dirty
+		; test that ICOM didn't do anything clever with the data
+		; encoding on the CD itself in order to get that game's
+		; 120KB/s unbuffered playback rate.
+
+		dd	$000F26 - 1		; $25 LBA for 2nd video frame
+
 
 
 ; ***************************************************************************

From d9bfd94013a2c079e28eb2f3f738f34bcd8c3cbd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Dec 2023 12:54:47 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 03/40] Add more alternative far-call implementations to
 common.asm as unused examples of methods.

---
 examples/asm/elmer/include/common.asm | 132 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 131 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/common.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/include/common.asm
index 37b789ba..1ffe527b 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/common.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/common.asm
@@ -224,11 +224,13 @@ inc.h_di_mpr4:	inc.h	<_di			; Increment hi-byte of _di.
 ;		tya
 ;		rts
 ;
-; N.B. This costs 36 bytes, and takes 82 cycles vs 18 for the trampoline
+; N.B. This costs 32 bytes, and takes 82 cycles vs 18 for the trampoline
 ;      code (when you exclude preserving YA in zero-page).
 ;
 ; N.B. This is NOT re-entrant, and must NOT be used in an IRQ handler if
 ;      _temp is not saved and restored!
+;
+; N.B. This was written as an excerise, and I wouldn't recommend using it!
 ;
 
 	.if	0
@@ -264,3 +266,131 @@ far_call:	sta.l	<_bp			; Preserve YA registers as
 		rts				; Jump to routine.
 
 	.endif
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; Far-call a function in another bank.
+;
+; This is compatible with PCEAS's "-newproc" procedure calls, but avoids
+; generating a 10-byte procedure trampoline.
+;
+; To use this ...
+;
+;  brk
+;  tst #bank( myfunc ), myfunc - 1
+;
+; The "TST" instruction itself is skipped and NOT executed after the call,
+; it only exists to make things easier to read in a listing/debugger.
+;
+; The called .PROC routine must exit with "jmp leave_proc" and not "rts".
+;
+; leave_proc:	pla
+;		tam6
+;		tya
+;		rts
+;
+; N.B. This costs 45 bytes, and takes 103 cycles (or 84 on HuCARD) vs 18 for
+;      the trampoline code (when you exclude preserving YA in zero-page).
+;
+; N.B. This is NOT re-entrant, and must NOT be used in an IRQ handler if
+;      _temp is not saved and restored!
+;
+; N.B. This was written as an excerise, and I wouldn't recommend using it!
+;
+
+	.if	0
+
+irq2_handler:	phx				; Preserve X register
+		tsx				;
+		tst	#$10, $2102, x		; Is the B flag set?
+		beq	.got_irq2		;
+		plx				; Restore X register.
+
+		; Handle interrupt as BRK.
+
+.got_brk:	plp				; Restore interrupt flag.
+
+		sta.l	<_bp			; Preserve YA registers as
+		sty.h	<_bp			; an address parameter.
+
+		pla				; Get return address lo-byte.
+		sta.l	<_temp
+		clc				; Skip the far_call()
+		adc	#2			; address parameter.
+		tay
+
+		pla				; Get return address hi-byte.
+		sta.h	<_temp
+		adc	#0
+		pha				; Put updated return address.
+		phy
+
+		tma6				; Preserve MPR6.
+		pha
+
+		ldy	#2			; Push far_call() addr.
+		lda	[_temp], y
+		pha
+		dey
+		lda	[_temp], y
+		pha
+
+		lda	[_temp]			; Read far_call() bank.
+		tam6
+
+		rts				; Jump to routine.
+
+		; Handle interrupt as IRQ2.
+
+.got_irq2:	plx				; Process as an interrupt.
+		; ...
+
+	.endif
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; Far-call a function in another bank.
+;
+; This is a potential alternative procedure call trampoline that uses only 10
+; bytes of common memory per bank of procedures, instead of 10 bytes for each
+; individual procedure call, BUT it uses the X register as a procedure-index,
+; and it needs a table of addresses at the end of every procedure bank.
+;
+; To use this ...
+;
+;  ldx #procedure-index
+;  jsr far_call_nn
+;
+; The called .PROC routine must exit with "jmp leave_proc" and not "rts".
+;
+; leave_proc:	pla
+;		tam6
+;		tya
+;		rts
+;
+; N.B. This costs 21 cycles vs 18 for the .newproc trampoline code (when you
+;      exclude preserving YA in zero-page).
+;
+; N.B. This was written as an excerise, and definitely not for HuC!
+;
+
+	.if	0
+
+far_call_nn:
+;		sta.l	<_bp			; 4 Preserve YA registers as
+;		sty.h	<_bp			; 4 an address parameter.
+
+		tma6				; 4 Preserve MPR6.
+		pha				; 3
+
+		lda	#bank_number		; 2
+		tam6				; 5
+		jmp	[$DF00, x]		; 7
+
+	.endif					; 21

From 294a9f465b3838cf384c39841e7a28c1783195f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Dec 2023 13:36:25 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 04/40] Rename "rom-bare-vdctest" example to "rom-bare-rcrtest"
 because that's really what it is.

---
 examples/asm/elmer/Makefile                         |   3 ++-
 .../{rom-bare-vdctest => rom-bare-rcrtest}/Makefile |   8 ++++----
 .../c8hvuld.bat                                     | Bin
 .../c8hvuld.chr                                     | Bin
 .../vdctest.asm => rom-bare-rcrtest/rcrtest.asm}    |   6 +++---
 .../testspr.png                                     | Bin
 6 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
 rename examples/asm/elmer/{rom-bare-vdctest => rom-bare-rcrtest}/Makefile (55%)
 rename examples/asm/elmer/{rom-bare-vdctest => rom-bare-rcrtest}/c8hvuld.bat (100%)
 rename examples/asm/elmer/{rom-bare-vdctest => rom-bare-rcrtest}/c8hvuld.chr (100%)
 rename examples/asm/elmer/{rom-bare-vdctest/vdctest.asm => rom-bare-rcrtest/rcrtest.asm} (98%)
 rename examples/asm/elmer/{rom-bare-vdctest => rom-bare-rcrtest}/testspr.png (100%)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/Makefile b/examples/asm/elmer/Makefile
index f5d43750..3f1a31ca 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/Makefile
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/Makefile
@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
 #
 
 PREREQS = ipl-scd
-SUBDIRS = rom-bare-tiatest rom-bare-vdctest scd-bios-hello scd-bios-hello-error \
+SUBDIRS = rom-bare-rcrtest rom-bare-tiatest \
           rom-core-hello rom-core-okitest \
+          scd-bios-hello scd-bios-hello-error \
           cd-core-1stage cd-core-2stage scd-core-1stage scd-core-1stage-error \
           scd-core-2stage scd-core-2stage-error scd-core-fastcd \
           rom-kickc-hello rom-kickc-shmup ted2-core-hwdetect ted2-core-sdcard \
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-vdctest/Makefile b/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-rcrtest/Makefile
similarity index 55%
rename from examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-vdctest/Makefile
rename to examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-rcrtest/Makefile
index 359e6219..2fcf586e 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-vdctest/Makefile
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-rcrtest/Makefile
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-all: vdctest.pce
+all: rcrtest.pce
 
 include ../Make_ex.inc
 
 AFLAGS ?= -newproc -strip -m -l 2 -S
 
 SRC_INC	= pceas.inc pcengine.inc joypad.asm tty.asm vce.asm vdc.asm
-SRC_OVL	= vdctest.asm
+SRC_OVL	= rcrtest.asm
 
-vdctest.pce: $(SRC_OVL) $(SRC_INC)
-	$(AS) $(AFLAGS) -raw vdctest.asm
+rcrtest.pce: $(SRC_OVL) $(SRC_INC)
+	$(AS) $(AFLAGS) -raw rcrtest.asm
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-vdctest/c8hvuld.bat b/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-rcrtest/c8hvuld.bat
similarity index 100%
rename from examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-vdctest/c8hvuld.bat
rename to examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-rcrtest/c8hvuld.bat
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-vdctest/c8hvuld.chr b/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-rcrtest/c8hvuld.chr
similarity index 100%
rename from examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-vdctest/c8hvuld.chr
rename to examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-rcrtest/c8hvuld.chr
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-vdctest/vdctest.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-rcrtest/rcrtest.asm
similarity index 98%
rename from examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-vdctest/vdctest.asm
rename to examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-rcrtest/rcrtest.asm
index fae982cb..d856c39d 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-vdctest/vdctest.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-rcrtest/rcrtest.asm
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ;
-; vdctest.asm
+; rcrtest.asm
 ;
-; VDC tester HuCARD example of using the basic HuCARD startup library code.
+; RCR tester HuCARD example of using the basic HuCARD startup library code.
 ;
 ; Copyright John Brandwood 2022.
 ;
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ bare_main:	; Turn the display off and initialize the screen mode.
 
 		; Loop around updating the display each frame.
 
-		PRINTF	"\e<\eX1\eY5\eP2****PC ENGINE VDC IRQ TEST****\eP0\eX1\eY7\x1E\x1F\eP2:Change Delay\eP0 SEL\eP2:Resolution\eP0"
+		PRINTF	"\e<\eX1\eY5\eP2****PC ENGINE RCR IRQ TEST****\eP0\eX1\eY7\x1E\x1F\eP2:Change Delay\eP0 SEL\eP2:Resolution\eP0"
 
 		lda	#1			; Delay first VBLANK cycles
 		sta	irq_cnt			; update.
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-vdctest/testspr.png b/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-rcrtest/testspr.png
similarity index 100%
rename from examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-vdctest/testspr.png
rename to examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-rcrtest/testspr.png

From 733e0ffa3a5e854894e93145095e0ed45666d999 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Dec 2023 14:15:55 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 05/40] Add "rom-bare-buftest" example to show that VDC reads
 are buffered and not direct.

---
 examples/asm/elmer/Makefile                   |   2 +-
 examples/asm/elmer/README.md                  |   9 +-
 examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-buftest/Makefile  |  11 +
 .../asm/elmer/rom-bare-buftest/buftest.asm    | 227 ++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 245 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-buftest/Makefile
 create mode 100644 examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-buftest/buftest.asm

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/Makefile b/examples/asm/elmer/Makefile
index 3f1a31ca..af925c20 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/Makefile
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/Makefile
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #
 
 PREREQS = ipl-scd
-SUBDIRS = rom-bare-rcrtest rom-bare-tiatest \
+SUBDIRS = rom-bare-buftest rom-bare-rcrtest rom-bare-tiatest \
           rom-core-hello rom-core-okitest \
           scd-bios-hello scd-bios-hello-error \
           cd-core-1stage cd-core-2stage scd-core-1stage scd-core-1stage-error \
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/README.md b/examples/asm/elmer/README.md
index 534cf0c7..ca430f15 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/README.md
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/README.md
@@ -14,12 +14,15 @@ This directory contains a number of example programs and utilities for developin
 * ted2-bios-usbcd
   - A modified System Card 3.0 HuCARD that runs a CD-ROM overlay uploaded through USB, rather than loading it from CD-ROM.
 
+* rom-bare-buftest
+  - A HuCARD ROM to compare a PC Engine emulator's buffered VDC reading with real PC Engine console hardware.
+
+* rom-bare-rcrtest
+  - A HuCARD ROM to compare a PC Engine emulator's RCR interrupt handling with real PC Engine console hardware.
+
 * rom-bare-tiatest
   - A HuCARD ROM to compare a PC Engine emulator's TIA-to-VDC cycle timing with real PC Engine console hardware.
 
-* rom-bare-vdctest
-  - A HuCARD ROM to compare a PC Engine emulator's VDC RCR interrupt handling with real PC Engine console hardware.
-
 * rom-core-okitest
   - A HuCARD ROM to compare a PC Engine emulator's ADPCM playback flags and ADPCM write speed with real PC Engine console hardware.
 
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-buftest/Makefile b/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-buftest/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7b419c8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-buftest/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+all: buftest.pce
+
+include ../Make_ex.inc
+
+AFLAGS ?= -newproc -strip -m -l 2 -S
+
+SRC_INC	= pceas.inc pcengine.inc joypad.asm tty.asm vce.asm vdc.asm
+SRC_OVL	= buftest.asm
+
+buftest.pce: $(SRC_OVL) $(SRC_INC)
+	$(AS) $(AFLAGS) -raw buftest.asm
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-buftest/buftest.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-buftest/buftest.asm
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fb4c3df0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-buftest/buftest.asm
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; vdcbuffer.asm
+;
+; VDC buffer test HuCARD example of using the basic HuCARD startup library code.
+;
+; Copyright John Brandwood 2023.
+;
+; Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+; (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+;  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+;
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; The purpose of this example is to check whether the VDC's VRAM reading is
+; buffered or direct.
+;
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; The PC Engine's memory map is set to ...
+;
+;   MPR0 = bank $FF : PCE hardware
+;   MPR1 = bank $F8 : PCE RAM with Stack & ZP
+;   MPR2 = bank $00 : HuCARD ROM
+;   MPR3 = bank $01 : HuCARD ROM
+;   MPR4 = bank $02 : HuCARD ROM
+;   MPR5 = bank $03 : HuCARD ROM
+;   MPR6 = bank $04 : HuCARD ROM
+;   MPR7 = bank $00 : HuCARD ROM with the startup code and IRQ vectors.
+;
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+
+
+		;
+		; Create some equates for a very generic VRAM layout, with a
+		; 64*32 BAT, followed by the SAT, then followed by the tiles
+		; for the ASCII character set.
+		;
+		; This uses the first 8KBytes of VRAM ($0000-$0FFF).
+		;
+
+BAT_LINE	=	64
+BAT_SIZE	=	64 * 32
+SAT_ADDR	=	BAT_SIZE		; SAT takes 16 tiles of VRAM.
+CHR_ZERO	=	BAT_SIZE / 16		; 1st tile # after the BAT.
+CHR_0x10	=	CHR_ZERO + 16		; 1st tile # after the SAT.
+CHR_0x20	=	CHR_ZERO + 32		; ASCII ' ' CHR tile #.
+
+		.list
+		.mlist
+
+		include "bare-startup.asm"	; No "CORE(not TM)" library!
+
+		include	"common.asm"		; Common helpers.
+		include	"vdc.asm"		; Useful VDC routines.
+		include	"font.asm"		; Useful font routines.
+		include "joypad.asm"		; Joypad routines.
+		include	"tty.asm"		; Useful TTY print routines.
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; Constants and Variables.
+;
+
+		.zp
+
+value		ds	2			; Data value from VRAM read.
+
+		.bss
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; bare_main - This is executed after startup library initialization.
+;
+
+		.code
+
+bare_main:	; Turn the display off and initialize the screen mode.
+
+		jsr	init_256x224		; Initialize VDC & VRAM.
+
+		; Upload the font to VRAM.
+
+		stz	<_di + 0		; Destination VRAM address.
+		lda	#>(CHR_0x10 * 16)
+		sta	<_di + 1
+
+		lda	#$FF			; Put font in colors 4-7,
+		sta	<_al			; so bitplane 2 = $FF and
+		stz	<_ah			; bitplane 3 = $00.
+
+		lda	#16 + 96		; 16 graphics + 96 ASCII.
+		sta	<_bl
+
+		lda	#<my_font		; Address of font data.
+		sta	<_bp + 0
+		lda	#>my_font
+		sta	<_bp + 1
+		ldy	#^my_font
+
+		call	dropfnt8x8_vdc		; Upload font to VRAM.
+
+		; Upload the palette data to the VCE.
+
+		stz	<_al			; Start at palette 0 (BG).
+		lda	#2			; Copy 2 palettes of 16 colors.
+		sta	<_ah
+		lda	#<screen_pal		; Set the ptr to the palette
+		sta	<_bp + 0		; data.
+		lda	#>screen_pal
+		sta	<_bp + 1
+		ldy	#^screen_pal
+		call	load_palettes		; Add to the palette queue.
+
+		call	xfer_palettes		; Transfer queue to VCE now.
+
+		; Turn on the BG & SPR layers, then wait for a soft-reset.
+
+		call	set_dspon		; Enable background.
+
+		;
+
+		PRINTF	"\e<\eX1\eY1\eP0***PC ENGINE VDC R/W BUFFER***\n\n\eP1"
+
+		stz.l	<_di			; _di = $8000
+		lda	#$80
+		sta	<_di
+
+		jsr	vdc_di_to_mawr		; Set MAWR=$8000.
+
+		lda	#$34			; Write $1234 to VRAM $8000.
+		sta	VDC_DL
+		lda	#$12
+		sta	VDC_DH
+
+		tii	$2200,$2200,16		; 113 cycle delay.
+
+		jsr	vdc_di_to_marr		; Set MARR=$8000, trigger read.
+
+		tii	$2200,$2200,16		; 113 cycle delay.
+
+		jsr	vdc_di_to_mawr		; Set MAWR=$8000.
+
+		lda	#$55			; Write $AA55 to VRAM $8000.
+		sta	VDC_DL
+		lda	#$AA
+		sta	VDC_DH
+
+		tii	$2200,$2200,16		; 113 cycle delay.
+
+		lda	VDC_DL			; Read contents of VRAM $8000.
+		sta.l	<value
+		lda	VDC_DH
+		sta.h	<value
+
+		PRINTF	" Write $1234 to VRAM $8000.\n"
+		PRINTF	" Set $8000 read address.\n"
+		PRINTF	" Write $AA55 to VRAM $8000.\n"
+		PRINTF	" VRAM $8000 contents are $%x.\n", value
+
+		lda.l	<value
+		cmp.l	#$1234
+		bne	.is_direct
+		lda.h	<value
+		cmp.h	#$1234
+		bne	.is_direct
+
+.is_buffered:	PRINTF	" The VRAM read is buffered.\n"
+		jmp	.next_frame
+
+.is_direct:	PRINTF	" The VRAM read is direct.\n"
+		jmp	.next_frame
+
+		; Loop around updating the display each frame.
+
+.next_frame:	lda	irq_cnt			; Wait for vsync.
+.wait_frame:	cmp	irq_cnt
+		beq	.wait_frame
+
+.got_vblank:	jmp	.next_frame		; Wait for user to reboot.
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; screen_pal - Palette data
+;
+; Note: DEFPAL palette data is in RGB format, 4-bits per value.
+; Note: Packed palette data is in GRB format, 3-bits per value.
+;
+;  $4 = dark blue background
+;  $5 = light blue shadow
+;  $6 = yellow font
+;
+
+		.data
+
+		align	2
+
+none		=	$000
+
+screen_pal:	defpal	$000,none,none,none,$002,$114,$772,none
+		defpal	none,none,none,none,none,none,$111,$777
+
+		defpal	$000,none,none,none,$002,$333,$777,none
+		defpal	none,none,none,none,none,none,$101,$727
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; It's the font data, nothing exciting to see here!
+;
+
+my_font:	incbin	"font8x8-ascii-bold-short.dat"

From f36da9d870d6b2c3de565a229710bbeb5776f1b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Sun, 17 Dec 2023 10:24:09 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 06/40] Add bank information to variable definitions in
 core.inc and bare-startup.asm

---
 examples/asm/elmer/include/bare-startup.asm |  6 ++--
 examples/asm/elmer/include/core.inc         | 32 ++++++++++-----------
 2 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/bare-startup.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/include/bare-startup.asm
index 6de5f3da..5c686c28 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/bare-startup.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/bare-startup.asm
@@ -370,10 +370,10 @@ DATA_BANK	=	BASE_BANK + 1 + RESERVE_BANKS
 _temp		ds	2			; Use within any ASM routine.
 _bank		ds	1			; Use within any ASM routine.
 
-base_zp1st	=	$2003			; 1st free user address.
-base_zpend	=	$20EC
+base_zp1st	=	$F8:2003		; 1st free user address.
+base_zpend	=	$F8:20EC
 
-base_ram1st     =	$22D0			; After the System Card!
+base_ram1st     =	$F8:22D0		; After the System Card!
 
 		.bss
 		.org	base_ram1st
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/core.inc b/examples/asm/elmer/include/core.inc
index 27b65dca..4e707662 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/core.inc
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/core.inc
@@ -71,9 +71,9 @@ sound_hook	=	nmi_hook		; Sound Driver to run in VBL.
 ;
 
 	.if	USING_PSGDRIVER
-core_zpend	=	$20E6
+core_zpend	=	$F8:20E6
 	.else
-core_zpend	=	$20EC
+core_zpend	=	$F8:20EC
 	.endif	USING_PSGDRIVER
 
 	.if	SUPPORT_SGX
@@ -91,23 +91,23 @@ core_zpend	=	$20EC
 PCE_VDC_OFFSET	=	$00			; Offset to PCE VDC hw & vars.
 SGX_VDC_OFFSET	=	$10			; Offset to SGX VDC hw & vars.
 
-_temp		=	$2000			; Use within any ASM routine.
-_bank		=	$2002			; Use within any ASM routine.
-sgx_crl		=	$2003			; SGX shadow (vdc_crl = $20F3).
-sgx_crh		=	$2004			; SGX shadow (vdc_crh = $20F4).
-core_1stbank	=	$2005			; 1st bank of library code.
-sgx_sr		=	$2006			; SGX shadow (vdc_sr  = $20F6).
-sgx_reg		=	$2007			; SGX shadow (vdc_reg = $20F7).
+_temp		=	$F8:2000		; Use within any ASM routine.
+_bank		=	$F8:2002		; Use within any ASM routine.
+sgx_crl		=	$F8:2003		; SGX shadow (vdc_crl = $20F3).
+sgx_crh		=	$F8:2004		; SGX shadow (vdc_crh = $20F4).
+core_1stbank	=	$F8:2005		; 1st bank of library code.
+sgx_sr		=	$F8:2006		; SGX shadow (vdc_sr  = $20F6).
+sgx_reg		=	$F8:2007		; SGX shadow (vdc_reg = $20F7).
 
-core_zp1st	=	$2008			; 1st free user address.
+core_zp1st	=	$F8:2008		; 1st free user address.
 
 	.else	SUPPORT_SGX
 
-_temp		=	$2000			; Use within any ASM routine.
-_bank		=	$2002			; Use within any ASM routine.
-core_1stbank	=	$2003			; 1st bank of engine code.
+_temp		=	$F8:2000		; Use within any ASM routine.
+_bank		=	$F8:2002		; Use within any ASM routine.
+core_1stbank	=	$F8:2003		; 1st bank of engine code.
 
-core_zp1st	=	$2004			; 1st free user address.
+core_zp1st	=	$F8:2004		; 1st free user address.
 
 	.endif	SUPPORT_SGX
 
@@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ core_zp1st	=	$2004			; 1st free user address.
 ;
 
 	.if	USING_PSGDRIVER
-core_ram1st     =	$2680
+core_ram1st     =	$F8:2680
 	.else
-core_ram1st     =	$22D0
+core_ram1st     =	$F8:22D0
 	.endif	USING_PSGDRIVER
 
 		.bss

From 7f519e7f2f18a5e5e2800a0ff89a5234f45338c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Dec 2023 11:42:52 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 07/40] Fix some typos in vdc.asm

---
 examples/asm/elmer/include/vdc.asm | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/vdc.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/include/vdc.asm
index d186a27c..e2eb22f0 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/vdc.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/vdc.asm
@@ -587,18 +587,18 @@ init_240x208	.proc
 		call	clear_vram_sgx
 	.endif
 
-		lda	#<.mode_240x224		; Disable BKG & SPR layers but
+		lda	#<.mode_240x208		; Disable BKG & SPR layers but
 		sta.l	<_bp			; enable RCR & VBLANK IRQ.
-		lda	#>.mode_240x224
+		lda	#>.mode_240x208
 		sta.h	<_bp
 
 	.if	SUPPORT_SGX
 		call	sgx_detect		; Are we really on an SGX?
 		beq	!+
-		ldy	#^.mode_240x224		; Set SGX 1st, with no VBL.
+		ldy	#^.mode_240x208		; Set SGX 1st, with no VBL.
 		call	set_mode_sgx
 	.endif
-!:		ldy	#^.mode_240x224		; Set VDC 2nd, VBL allowed.
+!:		ldy	#^.mode_240x208		; Set VDC 2nd, VBL allowed.
 		call	set_mode_vdc
 
 		call	wait_vsync		; Wait for the next VBLANK.
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ init_240x208	.proc
 
 		; A reduced 240x208 screen to save VRAM.
 
-.mode_240x224:	db	$80			; VCE Control Register.
+.mode_240x208:	db	$80			; VCE Control Register.
 		db	VCE_CR_5MHz		; Video Clock
 
 		db	VDC_MWR			; Memory-access Width Register

From 00dfa3a15fad32fd55732005317621170bfad09e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Dec 2023 11:55:17 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 08/40] Add rom-bare-mwrtest example to show how resolution and
 MWR effect VRAM r/w speed.

---
 examples/asm/elmer/Makefile                   |    2 +-
 examples/asm/elmer/README.md                  |    3 +
 examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-mwrtest/Makefile  |   11 +
 .../asm/elmer/rom-bare-mwrtest/mwrtest.asm    | 1029 +++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 1044 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-mwrtest/Makefile
 create mode 100644 examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-mwrtest/mwrtest.asm

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/Makefile b/examples/asm/elmer/Makefile
index af925c20..73e40439 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/Makefile
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/Makefile
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #
 
 PREREQS = ipl-scd
-SUBDIRS = rom-bare-buftest rom-bare-rcrtest rom-bare-tiatest \
+SUBDIRS = rom-bare-buftest rom-bare-mwrtest rom-bare-rcrtest rom-bare-tiatest \
           rom-core-hello rom-core-okitest \
           scd-bios-hello scd-bios-hello-error \
           cd-core-1stage cd-core-2stage scd-core-1stage scd-core-1stage-error \
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/README.md b/examples/asm/elmer/README.md
index ca430f15..b8e1424d 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/README.md
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/README.md
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ This directory contains a number of example programs and utilities for developin
 * rom-bare-buftest
   - A HuCARD ROM to compare a PC Engine emulator's buffered VDC reading with real PC Engine console hardware.
 
+* rom-bare-mwrtest
+  - A HuCARD ROM to compare a PC Engine emulator's VDC VRAM read/write timings with real PC Engine console hardware.
+
 * rom-bare-rcrtest
   - A HuCARD ROM to compare a PC Engine emulator's RCR interrupt handling with real PC Engine console hardware.
 
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-mwrtest/Makefile b/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-mwrtest/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..482ac3d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-mwrtest/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+all: mwrtest.pce
+
+include ../Make_ex.inc
+
+AFLAGS ?= -newproc -strip -m -l 2 -S
+
+SRC_INC	= pceas.inc pcengine.inc joypad.asm tty.asm vce.asm vdc.asm
+SRC_OVL	= mwrtest.asm
+
+mwrtest.pce: $(SRC_OVL) $(SRC_INC)
+	$(AS) $(AFLAGS) -raw mwrtest.asm
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-mwrtest/mwrtest.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-mwrtest/mwrtest.asm
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4890c668
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-mwrtest/mwrtest.asm
@@ -0,0 +1,1029 @@
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; mwrtest.asm
+;
+; VDC timing test HuCARD example using the basic HuCARD startup library code.
+;
+; Copyright John Brandwood 2023.
+;
+; Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+; (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+;  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+;
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; The purpose of this example is to compare the accuracy of emulation with
+; real console hardware.
+;
+; This checks how many CPU cycles (on average) it takes to execute different
+; code sequences that read/write to VRAM, in both burst mode and also if the
+; the background is enabled, with different MWR access-slot settings, and if
+; during VBLANK or not.
+;
+; Because of the VDC's round-robin method of VDC memory access, and its need
+; to read background data during the line's display, the CPU is subject to a
+; lot of delays that aren't taken into account by the documented cycle times
+; in the HuC6280 manual.
+;
+; Sprites are disabled during the tests to avoid any access slot contention
+; between the CPU and the loading of SPR data during hblank.
+;
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; The PC Engine's memory map is set to ...
+;
+;   MPR0 = bank $FF : PCE hardware
+;   MPR1 = bank $F8 : PCE RAM with Stack & ZP
+;   MPR2 = bank $00 : HuCARD ROM
+;   MPR3 = bank $01 : HuCARD ROM
+;   MPR4 = bank $02 : HuCARD ROM
+;   MPR5 = bank $03 : HuCARD ROM
+;   MPR6 = bank $04 : HuCARD ROM
+;   MPR7 = bank $00 : HuCARD ROM with the startup code and IRQ vectors.
+;
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+
+
+		;
+		; Create some equates for a very generic VRAM layout, with a
+		; 64*32 BAT, followed by the SAT, then followed by the tiles
+		; for the ASCII character set.
+		;
+		; This uses the first 8KBytes of VRAM ($0000-$0FFF).
+		;
+
+BAT_LINE	=	64
+BAT_SIZE	=	64 * 32
+SAT_ADDR	=	BAT_SIZE		; SAT takes 16 tiles of VRAM.
+CHR_ZERO	=	BAT_SIZE / 16		; 1st tile # after the BAT.
+CHR_0x10	=	CHR_ZERO + 16		; 1st tile # after the SAT.
+CHR_0x20	=	CHR_ZERO + 32		; ASCII ' ' CHR tile #.
+
+		.list
+		.mlist
+
+		include "bare-startup.asm"	; No "CORE(not TM)" library!
+
+		include	"common.asm"		; Common helpers.
+		include	"vdc.asm"		; Useful VDC routines.
+		include	"font.asm"		; Useful font routines.
+		include "joypad.asm"		; Joypad routines.
+		include	"tty.asm"		; Useful TTY print routines.
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; Constants and Variables.
+;
+
+test_buff	=	$F8:2800		; 6KB area to run test code.
+
+WAIT_LINES	=	16			; #lines to wait for test.
+
+		.zp
+
+screen_rez	ds	1			; 0=256, 1=352, 2=512.
+want_delay	ds	2			; Minimum  0, Maximum 500.
+delay_count	ds	2			; Minimum  8, Maximum 510.
+
+which_rcr	ds	1
+
+which_test	ds	1
+
+test_flag	ds	1			;
+test_addr	ds	2			; Addr of test sequence.
+test_size	ds	1			; Addr of test sequence.
+
+test_rti	ds	2			; Addr of test result.
+
+burst_count:	ds	2			; #times that the test code was
+burst_extra:	ds	1			; repeated and #extra bytes.
+
+shown_count:	ds	2			; #times that the test code was
+shown_extra:	ds	1			; repeated and #extra bytes.
+
+		.bss
+
+delay_code	ds	256			; Configurable delay code.
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; bare_main - This is executed after startup library initialization.
+;
+
+		.code
+
+		; Reset the IRQ hooks when switching resolution.
+
+bare_main:	jsr	bare_clr_hooks
+
+		; Turn the display off and initialize the screen mode.
+		;
+		; N.B. BG & SPR are disabled, so the VDC is in "burst mode".
+
+		jsr	init_vdc_rez		; Initialize VDC & VRAM.
+
+		; Upload the font to VRAM.
+
+		stz	<_di + 0		; Destination VRAM address.
+		lda	#>(CHR_0x10 * 16)
+		sta	<_di + 1
+
+		lda	#$FF			; Put font in colors 4-7,
+		sta	<_al			; so bitplane 2 = $FF and
+		stz	<_ah			; bitplane 3 = $00.
+
+		lda	#16 + 96		; 16 graphics + 96 ASCII.
+		sta	<_bl
+
+		lda	#<my_font		; Address of font data.
+		sta	<_bp + 0
+		lda	#>my_font
+		sta	<_bp + 1
+		ldy	#^my_font
+
+		call	dropfnt8x8_vdc		; Upload font to VRAM.
+
+		; Upload the palette data to the VCE.
+
+		stz	<_al			; Start at palette 0 (BG).
+		lda	#3			; Copy 3 palettes of 16 colors.
+		sta	<_ah
+		lda	#<screen_pal		; Set the ptr to the palette
+		sta	<_bp + 0		; data.
+		lda	#>screen_pal
+		sta	<_bp + 1
+		ldy	#^screen_pal
+		call	load_palettes		; Add to the palette queue.
+
+		call	xfer_palettes		; Transfer queue to VCE now.
+
+		; Identify this program.
+
+		PRINTF	"\e<\eX1\eY1\eP0**PC ENGINE VDC MWR VRAM R/W**\eP1\eX3\eY3\x1C\x1D\eP0:Change Test\eP1 \x1E\x1F\eP0:VDC Mode\eP2\n\n"
+
+		ldy	<screen_rez		; Identify the resolution.
+		ldx	screen_slo, y
+		lda	screen_shi, y
+		ldy	#bank(*)
+		jsr	tty_printf
+
+		PRINTF	"\n\n Testing code sequence:\n\eP1"
+
+		; Set up the test sequence code in ram.
+
+		ldy	<which_test		; Set up the next test.
+		lda	table_alo, y
+		sta.l	test_addr
+		lda	table_ahi, y
+		sta.h	test_addr
+		lda	table_len, y
+		sta.l	test_size
+
+		ldx	table_slo, y
+		lda	table_shi, y
+		ldy	#bank(*)
+		jsr	tty_printf		; Announce the test.
+
+		jsr	set_delay		; Setup the desired delay.
+
+		jsr	fill_test		; Fill code buffer with test.
+
+		; Enable the IRQ test processing.
+
+!:		lda.l	#vsync_proc
+		sta.l	vsync_hook
+		lda.h	#vsync_proc
+		sta.h	vsync_hook
+		lda	#$10
+		tsb	<irq_vec
+
+		; Run the test code in the VDC's burst mode.
+
+		jsr	wait_vsync		; Ensure BURST enabled.
+		jsr	wait_vsync
+
+		smb0	<test_flag		; Start test next vblank.
+!:		bbs0	<test_flag, !-		; Wait for test completion.
+
+		lda.l	<test_rti		; Calculate # of code repeats
+		sta.l	<_ax			; during the test.
+		lda.h	<test_rti
+		sta.h	<_ax
+		lda	<test_size
+		sta	<_cl
+		jsr	div16_7u
+
+		sty	<burst_extra		; Save # extra bytes.
+		lda.l	<_ax			; Save # of repeats.
+		sta.l	<burst_count
+		lda.h	<_ax
+		sta.h	<burst_count
+
+		; Turn on the BG layer, then wait for a soft-reset.
+
+		call	set_bgon		; Enable background.
+
+		; Run the test code in the VDC's normal mode.
+
+		jsr	wait_vsync		; Ensure BURST disabled.
+		jsr	wait_vsync
+
+		smb0	<test_flag		; Start test next vblank.
+!:		bbs0	<test_flag, !-		; Wait for test completion.
+
+		lda.l	<test_rti		; Calculate # of code repeats
+		sta.l	<_ax			; during the test.
+		lda.h	<test_rti
+		sta.h	<_ax
+		lda	<test_size
+		sta	<_cl
+		jsr	div16_7u
+
+		sty	<shown_extra		; Save # extra bytes.
+		lda.l	<_ax			; Save # of repeats.
+		sta.l	<shown_count
+		lda.h	<_ax
+		sta.h	<shown_count
+
+		; Display the results.
+
+		PRINTF	"\n\n\eP2 Test time is %d cycles.\n\n", test_time
+
+		PRINTF	" In burst mode: Code ran %4d\n times, plus %hd extra bytes.\n\n", burst_count, burst_extra
+
+		PRINTF	" Background on: Code ran %4d\n times, plus %hd extra bytes.\n\n", shown_count, shown_extra
+
+		; Loop around waiting for user input.
+
+.next_frame:	jsr	wait_vsync
+
+.got_vblank:	lda	joytrg + 0		; Read the joypad.
+		bit	#JOY_R
+		bne	.which_next
+		bit	#JOY_L
+		bne	.which_prev
+		bit	#JOY_U
+		bne	.screen_next
+		bit	#JOY_D
+		bne	.screen_prev
+
+		jmp	.next_frame		; Wait for user to reboot.
+
+; Change which test to run.
+
+.which_next:	lda	<which_test		; Select next test.
+		inc	a
+		cmp	#table_ahi - table_alo
+		bcc	!+
+		cla
+!:		sta	<which_test
+		jmp	bare_main
+
+.which_prev:	lda	<which_test		; Select previous test.
+		bne	!+
+		lda	#table_ahi - table_alo
+!:		dec	a
+		sta	<which_test
+		jmp	bare_main
+
+; Change resolution.
+
+.screen_next:	lda	<screen_rez		; Select next test.
+		inc	a
+		cmp	#5
+		bcc	!+
+		cla
+!:		sta	<screen_rez
+		jmp	bare_main
+
+.screen_prev:	lda	<screen_rez		; Select previous test.
+		bne	!+
+		lda	#5
+!:		dec	a
+		sta	<screen_rez
+		jmp	bare_main
+
+; Constant for printing.
+
+test_time:	dw	455 * WAIT_LINES
+
+; Strings for displaying resolution.
+
+screen_slo:	dwl	screen_mode1
+		dwl	screen_mode2
+		dwl	screen_mode3
+		dwl	screen_mode4
+		dwl	screen_mode5
+
+screen_shi:	dwh	screen_mode1
+		dwh	screen_mode2
+		dwh	screen_mode3
+		dwh	screen_mode4
+		dwh	screen_mode5
+
+screen_mode1:	STRING	" VDC resolution 240*192, MWR=$0\eP0\n"
+screen_mode2:	STRING	" VDC resolution 256*224, MWR=$0\eP0\n"
+screen_mode3:	STRING	" VDC resolution 336*224, MWR=$A\eP0\n"
+screen_mode4:	STRING	" VDC resolution 352*224, MWR=$0\eP0\n"
+screen_mode5:	STRING	" VDC resolution 512*224, MWR=$A\eP0\n"
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; vsync_proc - Initialize the RCR chain for the next test when VBLANK occurs.
+;
+
+vsync_proc:	bbr0	<test_flag, !+		; Do we want to run a test?
+
+		stz	<which_rcr		; Prepare first RCR.
+		jsr	set_next_rcr		
+
+!:		jsr	xfer_palettes		; Transfer queue to VCE now.
+
+		rts
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; set_next_rcr - Set up the screen's next RCR and irq1_hook during an IRQ.
+;
+; N.B. This is designed to be run inside an IRQ handler, so it does NOT set
+; VDC_AR back to vdc_reg!
+;
+
+set_next_rcr:	lda	<which_rcr		; 4
+		inc	<which_rcr		; 6
+		asl	a			; 2
+		tax				; 2
+
+		st0	#VDC_RCR		; 5 Set up the next RCR.
+		lda.l	tbl_rcr, x		; 5
+		sta	VDC_DL			; 6
+		lda.h	tbl_rcr, x		; 5
+		sta	VDC_DH			; 6
+
+		lda.l	tbl_hook, x		; 5 Set up the IRQ1 hook.
+		sta.l	irq1_hook		; 5
+		lda.h	tbl_hook, x		; 5
+		sta.h	irq1_hook		; 5
+		rts				; 7 = 68 cycles
+
+tbl_rcr:	dw	64 + (192 + 3)
+		dw	64 + (192 + 4)
+		dw	64 + (192 + 4 + (1 + WAIT_LINES))
+		dw	0			; Disable RCR
+
+tbl_hook:	dw	hsync_proc1
+		dw	hsync_proc2
+		dw	hsync_proc3
+		dw	irq1_handler
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; hsync_proc1 - Ensure 0..2 cycle variance for the next line's RCR interrupt.
+;
+; It takes 23 cycles to get to "hsync_proc1" (including IRQ response).
+;
+
+hsync_proc1:	pha				; 3 Save all registers.
+		phx				; 3
+		phy				; 3
+		bit	VDC_SR			; 6
+
+		jsr	set_next_rcr		; 75 = 7 + 68
+
+		lda	<vdc_reg		; 4 Preserve vdc_reg!
+		pha				; 3
+
+		st0	#VDC_MARR		; 5 Prepare VDC for reading
+		st1	#<$7000			; 5 and writing during test.
+		st2	#>$7000			; 5
+		st0	#VDC_MAWR		; 5
+		st1	#<$7000			; 5
+		st2	#>$7000			; 5
+
+		cli				; 2 Allow next RCR.
+
+		; Make sure that the next line's RCR interrupt is stable.
+
+.wait:		ds	256, $EA		; 256 NOP instructions.
+
+		jmp	.wait			; Shouldn't get here!
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; hsync_proc2 - Wait (455 + want_delay) cycles before starting a TIA.
+;
+; It takes 23 cycles to get to "hsync_proc2" (including IRQ response).
+;
+
+hsync_proc2:	pla				; 4 Throw away the flags and
+		pla				; 4 the return address to
+		pla				; 4 hsync_proc1
+
+		bit	VDC_SR			; 6 Acknowledge IRQ.
+
+		; It takes 41 cycles from RCR to get to here ...
+
+		jsr	set_next_rcr		; 75 = 7 + 68
+
+		st0	#VDC_VWR		; 5
+		lda	#VDC_VWR		; 2
+		sta	<vdc_reg		; 4
+		
+		cli				; 2 Allow next RCR.
+
+		; It takes 129 cycles from RCR to get to here ...
+		;
+		; Burn 312 cycles.
+
+		ldx	#26			; 2
+.loop:		sxy				; 3
+		sxy				; 3
+		dex				; 2
+		bne	.loop			; 4
+
+		; It takes 441 cycles from RCR to get to here ...
+		;
+		; Burn 2 cycles.
+
+		nop
+
+		; It takes 443 cycles from RCR to get to here ...
+		;
+		; Delay, then execute the test_buff, which is required to
+		; never finish!
+		;
+		; We want get here (455 - 12) cycles from the RCR.
+
+		jmp	delay_code		; 4 + 8 (min) delay.
+
+		pla				; Restore VDC_AR in case we
+		sta	<vdc_reg		; changed it.
+		sta	VDC_AR
+
+		ply				; Restore all registers.
+		plx
+		pla
+		rti				; Return from interrupt.
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; hsync_proc3 - This RCR happens WAIT_LINES after the TIA started.
+;
+; It takes 23 cycles to get to "hsync_proc3" (including IRQ response).
+;
+
+hsync_proc3:	bit	VDC_SR			; Acknowledge interrupt.
+
+		jsr	set_next_rcr		; Prepare next RCR.
+
+		pla				; Remove saved flags.
+
+		sec				; Use the RTI address to calc
+		pla				; the number of instructions
+		sbc.l	#test_buff		; that were executed.
+		sta.l	test_rti ; , y
+		pla
+		sbc.h	#test_buff
+		sta.h	test_rti ; , y
+
+	.if	0
+
+		sxy
+		asl.l	tia_delay, x		; #instructions -> #cycles.
+		rol.h	tia_delay, x
+
+		clc				; Add the delay_count that
+		lda.l	tia_delay, x		; we used.
+		adc.l	delay_count
+		sta.l	tia_delay, x
+		lda.h	tia_delay, x
+		adc.h	delay_count
+		sta.h	tia_delay, x
+
+		sec				; Subtract 8, i.e.
+		lda.l	tia_delay, x		; (want_delay - delay_count)
+		sbc.l	#8
+		sta.l	tia_delay, x		
+		lda.h	tia_delay, x
+		sbc.h	#8
+		sta.h	tia_delay, x
+
+		sec				; Subtract the #cycles total
+		lda.l	#455 * WAIT_LINES	; from the time between the
+		sbc.l	tia_delay, x		; two RCR interrupts to get
+		sta.l	tia_delay, x		; the time taken for the TIA.
+		lda.h	#455 * WAIT_LINES
+		sbc.h	tia_delay, x
+		sta.h	tia_delay, x
+
+	.endif
+
+		rmb0	<test_flag		; Signal test is complete.
+
+		pla				; Restore VDC_AR to the value
+		sta	<vdc_reg		; it was before the test.
+		sta	VDC_AR
+
+		ply				; Restore all registers.
+		plx
+		pla
+		rti				; Return from interrupt.
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; init_240x192 - A reduced 240x192 screen to run the tests during VBLANK.
+;
+
+init_240x192	.proc
+
+.BAT_SIZE	=	64 * 32
+.SAT_ADDR	=	.BAT_SIZE		; SAT takes 16 tiles of VRAM.
+.CHR_ZERO	=	.BAT_SIZE / 16		; 1st tile # after the BAT.
+.CHR_0x10	=	.CHR_ZERO + 16		; 1st tile # after the SAT.
+.CHR_0x20	=	.CHR_ZERO + 32		; ASCII ' ' CHR tile #.
+
+		call	clear_vce		; Clear all palettes.
+
+		lda.l	#.CHR_0x20		; Tile # of ' ' CHR.
+		sta.l	<_ax
+		lda.h	#.CHR_0x20
+		sta.h	<_ax
+
+		lda	#>.BAT_SIZE		; Size of BAT in words.
+		sta	<_bl
+
+		call	clear_vram_vdc		; Clear VRAM.
+	.if	SUPPORT_SGX
+		call	clear_vram_sgx
+	.endif
+
+		lda	#<.mode_240x192		; Disable BKG & SPR layers but
+		sta.l	<_bp			; enable RCR & VBLANK IRQ.
+		lda	#>.mode_240x192
+		sta.h	<_bp
+
+	.if	SUPPORT_SGX
+		call	sgx_detect		; Are we really on an SGX?
+		beq	!+
+		ldy	#^.mode_240x192		; Set SGX 1st, with no VBL.
+		call	set_mode_sgx
+	.endif
+!:		ldy	#^.mode_240x192		; Set VDC 2nd, VBL allowed.
+		call	set_mode_vdc
+
+		call	wait_vsync		; Wait for the next VBLANK.
+
+		leave				; All done, phew!
+
+		; A reduced 240x192 screen to run the tests during VBLANK.
+
+.mode_240x192:	db	$80			; VCE Control Register.
+		db	VCE_CR_5MHz		; Video Clock
+
+		db	VDC_MWR			; Memory-access Width Register
+		dw	VDC_MWR_64x32 + VDC_MWR_1CYCLE
+		db	VDC_HSR			; Horizontal Sync Register
+		dw	VDC_HSR_240
+		db	VDC_HDR			; Horizontal Display Register
+		dw	VDC_HDR_240
+		db	VDC_VPR			; Vertical Sync Register
+		dw	VDC_VPR_192
+		db	VDC_VDW			; Vertical Display Register
+		dw	VDC_VDW_192
+		db	VDC_VCR			; Vertical Display END position Register
+		dw	VDC_VCR_192
+		db	VDC_DCR			; DMA Control Register
+		dw	$0010			;   Enable automatic VRAM->SATB
+		db	VDC_DVSSR		; VRAM->SATB address $0400
+		dw	$0800
+		db	VDC_BXR			; Background X-Scroll Register
+		dw	$0008
+		db	VDC_BYR			; Background Y-Scroll Register
+		dw	$0000
+		db	VDC_RCR			; Raster Counter Register
+		dw	$0000			;   Never occurs!
+		db	VDC_CR			; Control Register
+		dw	$000C			;   Enable VSYNC & RCR IRQ
+		db	0
+
+		.endp
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; init_336x224 - R-Type USA's 336x224 screen with slow 2-cycle MWR.
+;
+
+init_336x224	.proc
+
+.BAT_SIZE	=	64 * 32
+.SAT_ADDR	=	.BAT_SIZE		; SAT takes 16 tiles of VRAM.
+.CHR_ZERO	=	.BAT_SIZE / 16		; 1st tile # after the BAT.
+.CHR_0x10	=	.CHR_ZERO + 16		; 1st tile # after the SAT.
+.CHR_0x20	=	.CHR_ZERO + 32		; ASCII ' ' CHR tile #.
+
+		call	clear_vce		; Clear all palettes.
+
+		lda.l	#.CHR_0x20		; Tile # of ' ' CHR.
+		sta.l	<_ax
+		lda.h	#.CHR_0x20
+		sta.h	<_ax
+
+		lda	#>.BAT_SIZE		; Size of BAT in words.
+		sta	<_bl
+
+		call	clear_vram_vdc		; Clear VRAM.
+	.if	SUPPORT_SGX
+		call	clear_vram_sgx
+	.endif
+
+		lda	#<.mode_336x224		; Disable BKG & SPR layers but
+		sta.l	<_bp			; enable RCR & VBLANK IRQ.
+		lda	#>.mode_336x224
+		sta.h	<_bp
+
+	.if	SUPPORT_SGX
+		call	sgx_detect		; Are we really on an SGX?
+		beq	!+
+		ldy	#^.mode_336x224		; Set SGX 1st, with no VBL.
+		call	set_mode_sgx
+	.endif
+!:		ldy	#^.mode_336x224		; Set VDC 2nd, VBL allowed.
+		call	set_mode_vdc
+
+		call	wait_vsync		; Wait for the next VBLANK.
+
+		leave				; All done, phew!
+
+		; R-Type USA's 336x224 screen with slow 2-cycle MWR.
+
+.mode_336x224:	db	$80			; VCE Control Register.
+		db	VCE_CR_7MHz + 4		;   Video Clock + Artifact Reduction
+
+		db	VDC_MWR			; Memory-access Width Register
+		dw	VDC_MWR_64x32 + VDC_MWR_2CYCLE
+		db	VDC_HSR			; Horizontal Sync Register
+		dw	VDC_HSR_336
+		db	VDC_HDR			; Horizontal Display Register
+		dw	VDC_HDR_336
+		db	VDC_VPR			; Vertical Sync Register
+		dw	VDC_VPR_224
+		db	VDC_VDW			; Vertical Display Register
+		dw	VDC_VDW_224
+		db	VDC_VCR			; Vertical Display END position Register
+		dw	VDC_VCR_224
+		db	VDC_DCR			; DMA Control Register
+		dw	$0010			;   Enable automatic VRAM->SATB
+		db	VDC_DVSSR		; VRAM->SATB address $0800
+		dw	$0800
+		db	VDC_BXR			; Background X-Scroll Register
+		dw	$0008
+		db	VDC_BYR			; Background Y-Scroll Register
+		dw	$0000
+		db	VDC_RCR			; Raster Counter Register
+		dw	$0000			;   Never occurs!
+		db	VDC_CR			; Control Register
+		dw	$000C			;   Enable VSYNC & RCR IRQ
+		db	0
+
+		.endp
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; init_vdc_rez - Switch between screen resolutions.
+;
+
+		.code
+
+init_vdc_rez:	lda	<screen_rez		; Multiply by 3.
+		asl	a
+		adc	<screen_rez
+		tax
+		jmp	[.vector + 1, x]	; Skip JMP instruction.
+
+		; JMP instructions in order to fixup procedure addresses!
+
+.vector:	jmp	init_240x192		; Initialize VDC & VRAM.
+		jmp	init_256x224		; Initialize VDC & VRAM.
+		jmp	init_336x224		; Initialize VDC & VRAM.
+		jmp	init_352x224		; Initialize VDC & VRAM.
+		jmp	init_512x224		; Initialize VDC & VRAM.
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; set_delay - Set up an 'n'-cycle delay routine (min 8, max 510).
+;
+; n x NOP = 2n
+; 1 x JMP = 4
+;
+; n x NOP = 2n
+; 1 x BIT = 5
+; 1 x JMP = 4
+;
+
+set_delay:	lda.h	<delay_count		; Minumum delay of 8 cycles.
+		bne	.calc
+		lda.l	<delay_count
+		cmp	#8
+		bcs	.calc
+		lda	#8
+		sta.l	<delay_count
+		stz.h	<delay_count
+
+.calc:		sec
+		lda.l	<delay_count
+		sbc	#4
+		tax
+		lda.h	<delay_count
+		sbc	#0
+		lsr	a
+		txa
+		ror	a
+		tax
+
+		tay				; Fill the delay_code buffer
+		lda	#$EA			; with "NOP" instructions.
+.fill:		dey
+		sta	delay_code, y
+		bne	.fill
+		bcc	.done
+
+		dex	        		; A "BIT" replaces two "NOP".
+		dex
+
+		lda	#$2C			; "BIT abs" opcode.
+		sta	delay_code, x
+		inx
+		lda.l	#$2100
+		sta	delay_code, x
+		inx
+		lda.h	#$2100
+		sta	delay_code, x
+		inx
+
+.done:		lda	#$4C			; "JMP abs" opcode.
+		sta	delay_code, x
+		inx
+		lda.l	#test_buff
+		sta	delay_code, x
+		inx
+		lda.h	#test_buff
+		sta	delay_code, x
+		rts
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; fill_test - Copy a repeating sequence of the test code to the exec buffer.
+;
+
+
+
+fill_test:	ldy.l	#test_buff		; Set start of the buffer
+		lda.h	#test_buff		; to write the repeating
+		stz.l	<_di			; sequence to.
+		sta.h	<_di
+
+.fill_code:	lda.l	<test_addr		; Set pointer to test code
+		sta.l	<_si			; source.
+		lda.h	<test_addr
+		sta.h	<_si
+		clx				; Set test code length.
+
+.fill_byte:	sxy
+		lda	[_si], y
+		sxy
+		sta	[_di], y
+		iny
+		bne	.next_byte
+		inc	<_di + 1
+		bbs6	<_di + 1, .fill_done	; Moved from $3F00 to $4000?
+.next_byte:	inx
+		cpx	<test_size		; #bytes of code sequence to
+		bne	.fill_byte		; test.
+		bra	.fill_code
+
+.fill_done:	rts
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; Define the different test code sequences that we want to run.
+;
+
+		; Tables pointing to each test code sequence.
+
+table_slo:	dwl	test_name1
+		dwl	test_name2
+		dwl	test_name3
+		dwl	test_name4
+		dwl	test_name5
+		dwl	test_name6
+		dwl	test_name7
+		dwl	test_name8
+		dwl	test_name9
+		dwl	test_name10
+		dwl	test_name11
+
+table_shi:	dwh	test_name1
+		dwh	test_name2
+		dwh	test_name3
+		dwh	test_name4
+		dwh	test_name5
+		dwh	test_name6
+		dwh	test_name7
+		dwh	test_name8
+		dwh	test_name9
+		dwh	test_name10
+		dwh	test_name11
+
+table_alo:	dwl	test_code1
+		dwl	test_code2
+		dwl	test_code3
+		dwl	test_code4
+		dwl	test_code5
+		dwl	test_code6
+		dwl	test_code7
+		dwl	test_code8
+		dwl	test_code9
+		dwl	test_code10
+		dwl	test_code11
+
+table_ahi:	dwh	test_code1
+		dwh	test_code2
+		dwh	test_code3
+		dwh	test_code4
+		dwh	test_code5
+		dwh	test_code6
+		dwh	test_code7
+		dwh	test_code8
+		dwh	test_code9
+		dwh	test_code10
+		dwh	test_code11
+
+table_len:	db	test_size1
+		db	test_size2
+		db	test_size3
+		db	test_size4
+		db	test_size5
+		db	test_size6
+		db	test_size7
+		db	test_size8
+		db	test_size9
+		db	test_size10
+		db	test_size11
+
+		; 1st test - Baseline, should take 5 cycles.
+
+test_name1:	STRING	"  st1 #$00\n"
+test_code1:	st1	#0
+test_size1	=	* - test_code1
+
+		; 2nd test - How fast can you clear VRAM?
+
+test_name2:	STRING	"  st2 #$00\n"
+test_code2:	st2	#0
+test_size2	=	* - test_code2
+
+		; 3rd test - How fast can you clear VRAM?
+
+test_name3:	STRING	"  st1 #$00\n  st2 #$00\n"
+test_code3:	st1	#0
+		st2	#0
+test_size3	=	* - test_code3
+
+		; 4th test - Baseline, should take 6 cycles.
+
+test_name4:	STRING	"  stz $0002\n"
+test_code4:	stz	VDC_DL
+test_size4	=	* - test_code4
+
+		; 5th test - How fast can you clear VRAM?
+
+test_name5:	STRING	"  stz $0003\n"
+test_code5:	stz	VDC_DH
+test_size5	=	* - test_code5
+
+		; 6th test - How fast can you clear VRAM?
+
+test_name6:	STRING	"  stz $0002\n  stz $0003\n"
+test_code6:	stz	VDC_DL
+		stz	VDC_DH
+test_size6	=	* - test_code6
+
+		; 7th test - Baseline, should take 9 cycles.
+
+test_name7:	STRING	"  trb $0002\n"
+test_code7:	trb	VDC_DL
+test_size7	=	* - test_code7
+
+		; 8th test - How fast can you modify VRAM?
+
+test_name8:	STRING	"  trb $0003\n"
+test_code8:	trb	VDC_DH
+test_size8	=	* - test_code8
+
+		; 9th test - How fast can you modify VRAM?
+
+test_name9:	STRING	"  trb $0002\n  trb $0003\n"
+test_code9:	trb	VDC_DL
+		trb	VDC_DH
+test_size9	=	* - test_code9
+
+		; 10th test - Can you change a register while the VDC is busy?
+
+test_name10:	STRING	"  st0 #$00\n  st1 #$00\n  st2 #$70\n  st0 #$02\n"
+test_code10:	st0	#VDC_MAWR
+		st1	#$00
+		st2	#$70
+		st0	#VDC_VWR
+test_size10	=	* - test_code10
+
+		; 11th test - Can you change a register while the VDC is busy?
+
+test_name11:	STRING	"  st0 #$01\n  st1 #$00\n  st2 #$70\n  st0 #$02\n"
+test_code11:	st0	#VDC_MARR
+		st1	#$00
+		st2	#$70
+		st0	#VDC_VRR
+test_size11	=	* - test_code11
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; screen_pal - Palette data
+;
+; Note: DEFPAL palette data is in RGB format, 4-bits per value.
+; Note: Packed palette data is in GRB format, 3-bits per value.
+;
+;  $4 = dark blue background
+;  $5 = light blue shadow
+;  $6 = yellow font
+;
+
+		.data
+
+		align	2
+
+none		=	$000
+
+screen_pal:	defpal	$000,none,none,none,$002,$114,$772,none
+		defpal	none,none,none,none,none,none,$111,$777
+
+		defpal	$000,none,none,none,$002,$222,$777,none
+		defpal	none,none,none,none,none,none,$101,$727
+
+		defpal	$000,none,none,none,$002,$114,$277,none
+		defpal	none,none,none,none,none,none,none,none
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; It's the font data, nothing exciting to see here!
+;
+
+my_font:	incbin	"font8x8-ascii-bold-short.dat"

From 2d5a3bb6a1530d3c29bbe1cf899b32f810f2e994 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Dec 2023 15:55:11 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 09/40] Add some CPU-delayed read and write tests to
 rom-bare-mwrtest.

---
 .../asm/elmer/rom-bare-mwrtest/mwrtest.asm    | 212 ++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 212 insertions(+)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-mwrtest/mwrtest.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-mwrtest/mwrtest.asm
index 4890c668..ac97e617 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-mwrtest/mwrtest.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-mwrtest/mwrtest.asm
@@ -864,6 +864,22 @@ table_slo:	dwl	test_name1
 		dwl	test_name9
 		dwl	test_name10
 		dwl	test_name11
+		dwl	test_name12
+		dwl	test_name13
+		dwl	test_name14
+		dwl	test_name15
+		dwl	test_name16
+		dwl	test_name17
+		dwl	test_name18
+		dwl	test_name19
+		dwl	test_name20
+		dwl	test_name21
+		dwl	test_name22
+		dwl	test_name23
+		dwl	test_name24
+		dwl	test_name25
+		dwl	test_name26
+		dwl	test_name27
 
 table_shi:	dwh	test_name1
 		dwh	test_name2
@@ -876,6 +892,22 @@ table_shi:	dwh	test_name1
 		dwh	test_name9
 		dwh	test_name10
 		dwh	test_name11
+		dwh	test_name12
+		dwh	test_name13
+		dwh	test_name14
+		dwh	test_name15
+		dwh	test_name16
+		dwh	test_name17
+		dwh	test_name18
+		dwh	test_name19
+		dwh	test_name20
+		dwh	test_name21
+		dwh	test_name22
+		dwh	test_name23
+		dwh	test_name24
+		dwh	test_name25
+		dwh	test_name26
+		dwh	test_name27
 
 table_alo:	dwl	test_code1
 		dwl	test_code2
@@ -888,6 +920,22 @@ table_alo:	dwl	test_code1
 		dwl	test_code9
 		dwl	test_code10
 		dwl	test_code11
+		dwl	test_code12
+		dwl	test_code13
+		dwl	test_code14
+		dwl	test_code15
+		dwl	test_code16
+		dwl	test_code17
+		dwl	test_code18
+		dwl	test_code19
+		dwl	test_code20
+		dwl	test_code21
+		dwl	test_code22
+		dwl	test_code23
+		dwl	test_code24
+		dwl	test_code25
+		dwl	test_code26
+		dwl	test_code27
 
 table_ahi:	dwh	test_code1
 		dwh	test_code2
@@ -900,6 +948,22 @@ table_ahi:	dwh	test_code1
 		dwh	test_code9
 		dwh	test_code10
 		dwh	test_code11
+		dwh	test_code12
+		dwh	test_code13
+		dwh	test_code14
+		dwh	test_code15
+		dwh	test_code16
+		dwh	test_code17
+		dwh	test_code18
+		dwh	test_code19
+		dwh	test_code20
+		dwh	test_code21
+		dwh	test_code22
+		dwh	test_code23
+		dwh	test_code24
+		dwh	test_code25
+		dwh	test_code26
+		dwh	test_code27
 
 table_len:	db	test_size1
 		db	test_size2
@@ -912,6 +976,22 @@ table_len:	db	test_size1
 		db	test_size9
 		db	test_size10
 		db	test_size11
+		db	test_size12
+		db	test_size13
+		db	test_size14
+		db	test_size15
+		db	test_size16
+		db	test_size17
+		db	test_size18
+		db	test_size19
+		db	test_size20
+		db	test_size21
+		db	test_size22
+		db	test_size23
+		db	test_size24
+		db	test_size25
+		db	test_size26
+		db	test_size27
 
 		; 1st test - Baseline, should take 5 cycles.
 
@@ -988,6 +1068,138 @@ test_code11:	st0	#VDC_MARR
 		st0	#VDC_VRR
 test_size11	=	* - test_code11
 
+		; 12th test - Can you sync to VDC clock?
+
+test_name12:	STRING	"  nop\n  st2 #$00\n"
+test_code12:	nop
+		st2	#0
+test_size12	=	* - test_code12
+
+		; 13th test - Can you sync to VDC clock?
+
+test_name13:	STRING	"  sxy\n  st2 #$00\n"
+test_code13:	sxy
+		st2	#0
+test_size13	=	* - test_code13
+
+		; 14th test - Can you sync to VDC clock?
+
+test_name14:	STRING	"  nop\n  nop\n  st2 #$00\n"
+test_code14:	nop
+		nop
+		st2	#0
+test_size14	=	* - test_code14
+
+		; 15th test - Can you sync to VDC clock?
+
+test_name15:	STRING	"  nop\n  sxy\n  st2 #$00\n"
+test_code15:	nop
+		sxy
+		st2	#0
+test_size15	=	* - test_code15
+
+		; 16th test - Can you sync to VDC clock?
+
+test_name16:	STRING	"  nop\n  nop\n  nop\n  st2 #$00\n"
+test_code16:	nop
+		nop
+		nop
+		st2	#0
+test_size16	=	* - test_code16
+
+		; 17th test - Can you sync to VDC clock?
+
+test_name17:	STRING	"  nop\n  nop\n  sxy\n  st2 #$00\n"
+test_code17:	nop
+		nop
+		sxy
+		st2	#0
+test_size17	=	* - test_code17
+
+		; 18th test - Can you sync to VDC clock?
+
+test_name18:	STRING	"  nop\n  sxy\n  sxy\n  st2 #$00\n"
+test_code18:	nop
+		sxy
+		sxy
+		st2	#0
+test_size18	=	* - test_code18
+
+		; 19th test - Can you sync to VDC clock?
+
+test_name19:	STRING	"  sxy\n  sxy\n  sxy\n  st2 #$00\n"
+test_code19:	sxy
+		sxy
+		sxy
+		st2	#0
+test_size19	=	* - test_code19
+
+		; 20th test - Can you sync to VDC clock?
+
+test_name20:	STRING	"  nop\n  lda $0003\n"
+test_code20:	nop
+		lda	VDC_DH
+test_size20	=	* - test_code20
+
+		; 21st test - Can you sync to VDC clock?
+
+test_name21:	STRING	"  sxy\n  lda $0003\n"
+test_code21:	sxy
+		lda	VDC_DH
+test_size21	=	* - test_code21
+
+		; 22nd test - Can you sync to VDC clock?
+
+test_name22:	STRING	"  nop\n  nop\n  lda $0003\n"
+test_code22:	nop
+		nop
+		lda	VDC_DH
+test_size22	=	* - test_code22
+
+		; 23rd test - Can you sync to VDC clock?
+
+test_name23:	STRING	"  nop\n  sxy\n  lda $0003\n"
+test_code23:	nop
+		sxy
+		lda	VDC_DH
+test_size23	=	* - test_code23
+
+		; 24th test - Can you sync to VDC clock?
+
+test_name24:	STRING	"  nop\n  nop\n  nop\n  lda $0003\n"
+test_code24:	nop
+		nop
+		nop
+		lda	VDC_DH
+test_size24	=	* - test_code24
+
+		; 25th test - Can you sync to VDC clock?
+
+test_name25:	STRING	"  nop\n  nop\n  sxy\n  lda $0003\n"
+test_code25:	nop
+		nop
+		sxy
+		lda	VDC_DH
+test_size25	=	* - test_code25
+
+		; 26th test - Can you sync to VDC clock?
+
+test_name26:	STRING	"  nop\n  sxy\n  sxy\n  lda $0003\n"
+test_code26:	nop
+		sxy
+		sxy
+		lda	VDC_DH
+test_size26	=	* - test_code26
+
+		; 27th test - Can you sync to VDC clock?
+
+test_name27:	STRING	"  sxy\n  sxy\n  sxy\n  lda $0003\n"
+test_code27:	sxy
+		sxy
+		sxy
+		lda	VDC_DH
+test_size27	=	* - test_code27
+
 
 
 ; ***************************************************************************

From 71e608c6d2707b5b8361d6f1b79730c4825805cc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Dec 2023 15:56:48 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 10/40] Split VDC VRAM clearing writes to take advantage of the
 VDC's memory-slot behavior.

---
 examples/asm/elmer/include/vdc.asm | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/vdc.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/include/vdc.asm
index e2eb22f0..6beeee20 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/vdc.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/vdc.asm
@@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ clear_vram_x:	bsr	clear_bat_x		; Clear the BAT.
 ;		cly				; Clear the rest of VRAM.
 .clr_loop:	pha
 		stz	VDC_DL, x
-.clr_pair:	stz	VDC_DH, x
+.clr_pair:	stz	VDC_DH, x		; Seperate writes to minimize
+		dey				; VDC MWR penalty.
 		stz	VDC_DH, x
-		dey
 		bne	.clr_pair
 		pla
 		dec	a
@@ -177,9 +177,9 @@ clear_bat_x:	stz	<_di + 0		; Set VDC or SGX destination
 		lda	<_ax + 0
 		sta	VDC_DL, x
 		lda	<_ax + 1
-.bat_pair:	sta	VDC_DH, x
+.bat_pair:	sta	VDC_DH, x		; Seperate writes to minimize
+		dey				; VDC MWR penalty.
 		sta	VDC_DH, x
-		dey
 		bne	.bat_pair
 
 		pla

From a06a08b5683db8aafedfb9be05eda2f7da89be1d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Dec 2023 13:01:24 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 11/40] Add more VDC test code sequences to rom-bare-mwrtest.

---
 .../asm/elmer/rom-bare-mwrtest/mwrtest.asm    | 83 +++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 83 insertions(+)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-mwrtest/mwrtest.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-mwrtest/mwrtest.asm
index ac97e617..ffa6dc78 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-mwrtest/mwrtest.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-mwrtest/mwrtest.asm
@@ -880,6 +880,12 @@ table_slo:	dwl	test_name1
 		dwl	test_name25
 		dwl	test_name26
 		dwl	test_name27
+		dwl	test_name28
+		dwl	test_name29
+		dwl	test_name30
+		dwl	test_name31
+		dwl	test_name32
+		dwl	test_name33
 
 table_shi:	dwh	test_name1
 		dwh	test_name2
@@ -908,6 +914,12 @@ table_shi:	dwh	test_name1
 		dwh	test_name25
 		dwh	test_name26
 		dwh	test_name27
+		dwh	test_name28
+		dwh	test_name29
+		dwh	test_name30
+		dwh	test_name31
+		dwh	test_name32
+		dwh	test_name33
 
 table_alo:	dwl	test_code1
 		dwl	test_code2
@@ -936,6 +948,12 @@ table_alo:	dwl	test_code1
 		dwl	test_code25
 		dwl	test_code26
 		dwl	test_code27
+		dwl	test_code28
+		dwl	test_code29
+		dwl	test_code30
+		dwl	test_code31
+		dwl	test_code32
+		dwl	test_code33
 
 table_ahi:	dwh	test_code1
 		dwh	test_code2
@@ -964,6 +982,12 @@ table_ahi:	dwh	test_code1
 		dwh	test_code25
 		dwh	test_code26
 		dwh	test_code27
+		dwh	test_code28
+		dwh	test_code29
+		dwh	test_code30
+		dwh	test_code31
+		dwh	test_code32
+		dwh	test_code33
 
 table_len:	db	test_size1
 		db	test_size2
@@ -992,6 +1016,12 @@ table_len:	db	test_size1
 		db	test_size25
 		db	test_size26
 		db	test_size27
+		db	test_size28
+		db	test_size29
+		db	test_size30
+		db	test_size31
+		db	test_size32
+		db	test_size33
 
 		; 1st test - Baseline, should take 5 cycles.
 
@@ -1200,6 +1230,59 @@ test_code27:	sxy
 		lda	VDC_DH
 test_size27	=	* - test_code27
 
+		; 28th test - Can you change VDC_AR during a VRAM write?
+
+test_name28:	STRING	"  st2 #$00\n  st0 #19\n  st0 #2\n"
+test_code28:	st2	#$00
+		st0	#VDC_DVSSR
+		st0	#VDC_VWR
+test_size28	=	* - test_code28
+
+		; 29th test - Can you change VDC_AR during a VRAM write?
+
+test_name29:	STRING	"  st2 #$00\n  st0 #19\n  st1 #$00\n  st0 #2\n"
+test_code29:	st2	#$00
+		st0	#VDC_DVSSR
+		st1	#$00
+		st0	#VDC_VWR
+test_size29	=	* - test_code29
+
+		; 30th test - Can you change VDC_MAWR during a VRAM write?
+
+test_name30:	STRING	"  st2 #$00\n  st0 #$00\n  st1 #$00\n  st0 #$02\n"
+test_code30:	st2	#$00
+		st0	#VDC_MAWR
+		st1	#$00
+		st0	#VDC_VWR
+test_size30	=	* - test_code30
+
+		; 31st test - Can you change VDC_MAWR during a VRAM write?
+
+test_name31:	STRING	"  st2 #$00\n  st0 #$00\n  st2 #$70\n  st0 #$02\n"
+test_code31:	st2	#$00
+		st0	#VDC_MAWR
+		st2	#$70
+		st0	#VDC_VWR
+test_size31	=	* - test_code31
+
+		; 32nd test - Can you change VDC_MARR during a VRAM write?
+
+test_name32:	STRING	"  st2 #$00\n  st0 #$01\n  st1 #$00\n  st0 #$02\n"
+test_code32:	st2	#$00
+		st0	#VDC_MARR
+		st1	#$00
+		st0	#VDC_VWR
+test_size32	=	* - test_code32
+
+		; 33rd test - Can you change VDC_MARR during a VRAM write?
+
+test_name33:	STRING	"  st2 #$00\n  st0 #$01\n  st2 #$70\n  st0 #$02\n"
+test_code33:	st2	#$00
+		st0	#VDC_MARR
+		st2	#$70
+		st0	#VDC_VWR
+test_size33	=	* - test_code33
+
 
 
 ; ***************************************************************************

From a1515a53693754382d73f05ff7f0ef2961025eb8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Dec 2023 13:02:44 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 12/40] Allow selection of # sprites shown in rom-bare-tiatest.

---
 .../asm/elmer/rom-bare-tiatest/tiatest.asm    | 44 +++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 41 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-tiatest/tiatest.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-tiatest/tiatest.asm
index 13251752..bfe79b8e 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-tiatest/tiatest.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-tiatest/tiatest.asm
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 ;
 ; TIA tester HuCARD example of using the basic HuCARD startup library code.
 ;
-; Copyright John Brandwood 2022.
+; Copyright John Brandwood 2022-2023.
 ;
 ; Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 ; (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ WAIT_LINES	=	22			; #lines to wait for TIA.
 screen_rez	ds	1			; 0=256, 1=352, 2=512.
 want_delay	ds	2			; Minimum  0, Maximum 500.
 delay_count	ds	2			; Minimum  8, Maximum 510.
+num_sprites	ds	1			; Minimum  1, Maximum 16.
 
 move_spr	ds	1			;
 
@@ -227,6 +228,11 @@ bare_main:	jsr	bare_clr_hooks
 		bit	VDC_SR
 		plp
 
+		; Initialize the number of sprites on the line.
+
+		lda	#16
+		sta	<num_sprites
+
 		; Enable the IRQ test processing.
 
 !:		lda.l	#vsync_proc
@@ -242,7 +248,7 @@ bare_main:	jsr	bare_clr_hooks
 
 		; Loop around updating the display each frame.
 
-		PRINTF	"\e<\eX1\eY1\eP0***PC ENGINE TIA SPEED TEST***\eP1\eX2\eY3\x1E\x1F\eP0:Delay\eP1 \x1C\x1D\eP0:Bytes\eP1 SEL\eP0:Screen\eP0"
+		PRINTF	"\e<\eX1\eY1\eP0***PC ENGINE TIA SPEED TEST***\eP1\eX1\eY3\x1E\x1F\eP0:Del\eP1 \x1C\x1D\eP0:Siz\eP1 SEL\eP0:Mode\eP1 RUN\eP0:Spr\eP0"
 
 		lda	#1			; Delay first VBLANK cycles
 		sta	irq_cnt			; update.
@@ -255,7 +261,7 @@ bare_main:	jsr	bare_clr_hooks
 		bit	#$1F
 		bne	.skip_update
 
-		PRINTF	"TIA cycles (16 sprites): %5u\n", tia_delay + 0
+		PRINTF	"TIA cycles (%2hu sprites): %5u\n", num_sprites, tia_delay + 0
 		PRINTF	"TIA cycles (no sprites): %5u\n", tia_delay + 2
 
 .skip_update:	lda	irq_cnt			; Wait for vsync.
@@ -280,6 +286,8 @@ bare_main:	jsr	bare_clr_hooks
 		bne	.size_down
 		bit	#JOY_SEL
 		bne	.chg_rez
+		bit	#JOY_RUN
+		bne	.dec_sprites
 
 		jmp	.next_frame		; Wait for user to reboot.
 
@@ -352,6 +360,15 @@ bare_main:	jsr	bare_clr_hooks
 
 .sd_done:	jmp	.next_frame
 
+; Change # sprites.
+
+.dec_sprites:	lda	num_sprites		; Change # of sprites shown.
+		dec	a
+		bne	!+
+		lda	#16
+!:		sta	num_sprites
+		jmp	.next_frame
+
 ; Change resolution.
 
 .chg_rez:	lda	<screen_rez		; 0=256, 1=352, 2=512. 
@@ -549,6 +566,27 @@ vsync_proc:	stz	<which_rcr		; Prepare first RCR.
 
 		jsr	xfer_palettes		; Transfer queue to VCE now.
 
+		; Change # sprites shown by moving others down 256 lines.
+
+		ldy	<num_sprites
+		clc
+		cla
+		clx
+!:		stz.h	ram_sat, x
+		adc	#8
+		tax
+		dey
+		bne	!-
+		bra	.check
+
+!:		lda	#1
+		sta.h	ram_sat, x
+		txa
+		adc	#8
+		tax
+.check:		cpx	#8 * 16
+		bne	!-
+
 		; Wibble the sprites.
 
 !:		lda	irq_cnt			; Move every 8th 1/60th.

From 1845d0cf1e9b0249f735511166b68bb36ca48d91 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Dec 2023 13:04:04 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 13/40] Attempt to improve description of TIA delays for
 VRAM_XFER_SIZE equate in vdc.asm

---
 examples/asm/elmer/include/vdc.asm | 14 ++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/vdc.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/include/vdc.asm
index 6beeee20..c72fd924 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/vdc.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/vdc.asm
@@ -26,13 +26,19 @@
 ;
 ; Choose how much to transfer to VRAM in a single chunk, normally 16-bytes.
 ;
-; 32-byte TIA takes 270/364 cycles in 5MHz, 242/312 cycles in 7MHz. (8.44 cycles-per-byte best-case at 5MHz.)
-; 24-byte TIA takes 210/298 cycles in 5MHz, 186/256 cycles in 7MHz. (8.75 cycles-per-byte best-case at 5MHz.)
-; 16-byte TIA takes 142/234 cycles in 5MHz, 128/200 cycles in 7MHz. (8.88 cycles-per-byte best-case at 5MHz.)
+; The cycle timings for a TIA-to-VRAM depend upon how the VDC's MWR CPU slots
+; line up to the CPU's writes, and how long the VDC has to halt the CPU while
+; it fetches the next scanline's sprite data.
+;
+; These cycle timings are for 0 sprites (best) and 16 sprites (worst) ...
+;
+; 32-byte TIA takes 270..364 cycles in 5MHz, 242..312 cycles in 7MHz. (8.44 cycles-per-byte best-case at 5MHz.)
+; 24-byte TIA takes 210..298 cycles in 5MHz, 186..256 cycles in 7MHz. (8.75 cycles-per-byte best-case at 5MHz.)
+; 16-byte TIA takes 142..234 cycles in 5MHz, 128..200 cycles in 7MHz. (8.88 cycles-per-byte best-case at 5MHz.)
 ;
 ; If a user wishes to be able to put RCR interrupts one-line-after-another,
 ; then it is only safe to use 32-byte chunks if there are no TIMER or IRQ2
-; interrupts ... which is almost-impossible to rely on in library code.
+; interrupts ... which is almost-impossible to rely on in library code!
 ;
 
 	.ifndef	VRAM_XFER_SIZE

From 555975235f70252995f007654c2a80131c9da2ae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Dec 2023 13:08:07 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 14/40] Remove IO_PORT test for IFU in fastcd example, document
 that TEDPro does not set IO_PORT bit.

---
 examples/asm/elmer/include/cdrom.asm          |  4 +++-
 examples/asm/elmer/scd-core-fastcd/fastcd.asm | 17 ++++++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/cdrom.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/include/cdrom.asm
index 652afd70..02c62550 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/cdrom.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/cdrom.asm
@@ -1684,7 +1684,9 @@ cdr_init_disc	.proc
 
 ;		; Check that the CD-ROM IFU is present.
 ;		;
-;		; N.B. The System Card does not check this!
+;		; N.B. The System Card does not check the IO-PORT!
+;		;
+;		; N.B. The Turbo Everdrive Pro does not emulate this!
 ;
 ;		ldy	#CDERR_NO_CDIFU
 ;		lda	IO_PORT
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/scd-core-fastcd/fastcd.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/scd-core-fastcd/fastcd.asm
index 91482f7c..857de09d 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/scd-core-fastcd/fastcd.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/scd-core-fastcd/fastcd.asm
@@ -243,19 +243,26 @@ core_main:	; Turn the display off and initialize the screen mode.
 
 test_init_disc	.proc
 
+		; N.B. The System Card does not check the IO-PORT!
+		;
+		; N.B. The Turbo Everdrive Pro does not emulate this!
+
 		lda	IO_PORT
 		bpl	!+
 
-		PRINTF	"No CD-ROM Interface Unit!\n\n"	
+;		PRINTF	"No CD-ROM Interface Unit!\n\n"	
+;
+;		ldy	#CDERR_NO_CDIFU
+;		jmp	.finished
 
-		ldy	#CDERR_NO_CDIFU
-		jmp	.finished
+		PRINTF	"CD-ROM IFU not detected\n\n"	
+		bra	.reset
 
-!:		PRINTF	"CD-ROM Interface present\n"
+!:		PRINTF	"CD-ROM IFU present\n"
 
 		; Reset the CD-ROM drive.
 
-		call	cdr_reset
+.reset:		call	cdr_reset
 
 		; Wait for the CD-ROM drive to release SCSI_BSY.
 

From 60686911639a84e26f18044718cd66431f5f4eab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Dec 2023 13:46:26 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 15/40] Add missing PCEAS info about <,>,^ and linear() to
 whats.new

---
 whats.new | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/whats.new b/whats.new
index dc156735..f99105a7 100644
--- a/whats.new
+++ b/whats.new
@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@ New in version 4.00:
 - Allow .EQU and .RSSET values to use "$xx:xxxx" to specify bank and addr.
 - Fix zero-byte procedure relocation when at the end of a bank.
 - Fix operator precedence of unary "<" and ">".
-
+- Add "linear(label_name)" operator to get the label's 32-bit address-offset
+  from the start of the ROM/SCD/CD memory.
 
 
 New in version 3.99:
@@ -194,6 +195,7 @@ New in version 3.99:
 - Add "-pad" to PCEAS to pad out HuCard ROM images to next power-of-2 size.
 - Change HuC to use "-raw" and "-pad" options to avoid 384KB HuCard problem.
 - Add warning whenever a 384KB HuCard image is created to highlight problem.
+- Allow unary <,>,^ in PCEAS as synonyms for low(),high(),bank().
 
 
 New in version 3.21:

From a207701c98773b564c35de0c02ee3050012fd4b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Dec 2023 15:03:59 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 16/40] Add 17th and 18th sprites on the line to tiatest.asm

---
 .../asm/elmer/rom-bare-tiatest/tiatest.asm    | 22 ++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-tiatest/tiatest.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-tiatest/tiatest.asm
index bfe79b8e..d263bf57 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-tiatest/tiatest.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/rom-bare-tiatest/tiatest.asm
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ tia_delay	ds	2 * 2
 delay_code	ds	256			; Modified delay before TIA.
 
 ram_tia		ds	6144			; TIA + lots of delay after.
-ram_sat		ds	128
+ram_sat		ds	18*8			; SAT for 18 sprites.
 
 
 
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ bare_main:	jsr	bare_clr_hooks
 		lda	#$60			; RTS
 		sta	ram_tia + 6143
 
-		tii	hex_sat, ram_sat, 16 * 8
+		tii	hex_sat, ram_sat, 18 * 8
 
 		stz	<move_spr
 
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ bare_main:	jsr	bare_clr_hooks
 .dec_sprites:	lda	num_sprites		; Change # of sprites shown.
 		dec	a
 		bne	!+
-		lda	#16
+		lda	#18
 !:		sta	num_sprites
 		jmp	.next_frame
 
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ vsync_proc:	stz	<which_rcr		; Prepare first RCR.
 		txa
 		adc	#8
 		tax
-.check:		cpx	#8 * 16
+.check:		cpx	#8 * 18
 		bne	!-
 
 		; Wibble the sprites.
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ vsync_proc:	stz	<which_rcr		; Prepare first RCR.
 		sta.h	<_di
 		jsr	vdc_di_to_mawr
 
-		tia	ram_sat, VDC_DL, 16 * 8
+		tia	ram_sat, VDC_DL, 18 * 8
 
 !:		rts
 
@@ -618,6 +618,7 @@ vsync_proc:	stz	<which_rcr		; Prepare first RCR.
 		inc	ram_sat + $50, x
 		inc	ram_sat + $60, x
 		inc	ram_sat + $70, x
+		inc	ram_sat + $80, x
 		rts
 
 .dec_spr:	tax				; Move alternate the sprites.
@@ -629,6 +630,7 @@ vsync_proc:	stz	<which_rcr		; Prepare first RCR.
 		dec	ram_sat + $50, x
 		dec	ram_sat + $60, x
 		dec	ram_sat + $70, x
+		dec	ram_sat + $80, x
 		rts
 
 
@@ -973,3 +975,13 @@ hex_sat:	dw	64 + 80 - 4		; '0' sprite.
 		dw	32 + $B8
 		dw	$1E40 >> 5
 		dw	%0011000010000001	; CGY=3, CGX=0 (16x64).
+
+		dw	64 + 80 - 4		; '0' sprite.
+		dw	32 + $C0
+		dw	$1000 >> 5
+		dw	%0011000010000000	; CGY=3, CGX=0 (16x64).
+
+		dw	64 + 80 + 4		; '1' sprite.
+		dw	32 + $C8
+		dw	$1040 >> 5
+		dw	%0011000010000001	; CGY=3, CGX=0 (16x64).

From 2c8c8afcbca4e91c465f45075cc2c2d4fc257897 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Sun, 24 Dec 2023 12:19:38 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 17/40] Recheck and confirm #sprites-per-line and add
 SAT-entries-searched info to pcengine-notes.txt

---
 examples/asm/elmer/doc/pcengine-notes.txt | 68 +++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 44 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/doc/pcengine-notes.txt b/examples/asm/elmer/doc/pcengine-notes.txt
index 3e6947a5..4fd3b659 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/doc/pcengine-notes.txt
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/doc/pcengine-notes.txt
@@ -67,7 +67,6 @@
 ; the next line's sprites during the blank time after it is done displaying
 ; the current line's pixel data.
 ;
-;
 ; VDC @  5.36MHz -> width = total # chr on line = 42 chr
 ; VDC @  7.16MHz -> width = total # chr on line = 56 chr
 ; VDC @ 10.74MHz -> width = total # chr on line = 85 chr
@@ -75,46 +74,67 @@
 ; Sprites-per-line shown (@ 1-clk-per-access) = (width - 2 - (hdw + 1)) * 2
 ; Sprites-per-line shown (@ 2-clk-per-access) = (width - 2 - (hdw + 1))
 ;
+; The hdw value also limits the number of sprite SAT entries that the VDC is
+; able to scan to find the sprites that are on the next line.
+;
 ;
 ; VDC @  5.36MHz, MWR=$x0 (1-clk-per-access)
 ;
-;   hds $02 hdw $1F -> 32 chr = 256 pxl -> 16 sprites
-;   hds $02 hdw $20 -> 33 chr = 264 pxl -> 14 sprites
-;   hds $02 hdw $21 -> 34 chr = 272 pxl -> 12 sprites
+;   hds $02 hdw $1C -> 29 chr = 232 pxl -> 59 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
+;   hds $02 hdw $1D -> 30 chr = 240 pxl -> 61 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
+;   hds $02 hdw $1E -> 31 chr = 248 pxl -> 63 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
+;   hds $02 hdw $1F -> 32 chr = 256 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
+;   hds $02 hdw $20 -> 33 chr = 264 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 14 sprites shown
+;   hds $02 hdw $21 -> 34 chr = 272 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 12 sprites shown
 ;
 ;
 ; VDC @  7.16MHz, MWR=$x0 (1-clk-per-access)
 ;
-;   hds $06 hdw $25 -> 38 chr = 304 pxl -> 16 sprites
+;   hds $07 hdw $1C -> 29 chr = 232 pxl -> 59 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
+;   hds $07 hdw $1D -> 30 chr = 240 pxl -> 61 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
+;   hds $07 hdw $1E -> 31 chr = 248 pxl -> 63 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
+;   hds $07 hdw $1F -> 32 chr = 256 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
+;   ...
+;   hds $06 hdw $25 -> 38 chr = 304 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
 ;   ...
-;   hds $03 hdw $2B -> 44 chr = 352 pxl -> 16 sprites
-;   hds $03 hdw $2C -> 45 chr = 360 pxl -> 16 sprites
-;   hds $03 hdw $2D -> 46 chr = 368 pxl -> 16 sprites
-;   hds $03 hdw $2E -> 47 chr = 376 pxl -> 14 sprites
-;   hds $03 hdw $2F -> 48 chr = 384 pxl -> 12 sprites
+;   hds $03 hdw $2B -> 44 chr = 352 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
+;   hds $03 hdw $2C -> 45 chr = 360 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
+;   hds $03 hdw $2D -> 46 chr = 368 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
+;   hds $03 hdw $2E -> 47 chr = 376 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 14 sprites shown
+;   hds $03 hdw $2F -> 48 chr = 384 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 12 sprites shown
 ;
 ;
 ; VDC @  7.16MHz, MWR=$xA (2-clk-per-access)
 ;
-;   hds $06 hdw $25 -> 38 chr = 304 pxl -> 16 sprites
-;   hds $05 hdw $26 -> 39 chr = 312 pxl -> 15 sprites
-;   hds $05 hdw $27 -> 40 chr = 320 pxl -> 14 sprites
-;   hds $04 hdw $28 -> 41 chr = 328 pxl -> 13 sprites
-;   hds $04 hdw $29 -> 42 chr = 336 pxl -> 12 sprites
-;   hds $03 hdw $2A -> 43 chr = 344 pxl -> 11 sprites
-;   hds $03 hdw $2B -> 44 chr = 352 pxl -> 10 sprites
+;   hds $07 hdw $1C -> 29 chr = 232 pxl -> 58 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
+;   hds $07 hdw $1D -> 30 chr = 240 pxl -> 60 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
+;   hds $07 hdw $1E -> 31 chr = 248 pxl -> 62 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
+;   hds $07 hdw $1F -> 32 chr = 256 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
+;   ...
+;   hds $06 hdw $25 -> 38 chr = 304 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
+;   hds $05 hdw $26 -> 39 chr = 312 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 15 sprites shown
+;   hds $05 hdw $27 -> 40 chr = 320 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 14 sprites shown
+;   hds $04 hdw $28 -> 41 chr = 328 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 13 sprites shown
+;   hds $04 hdw $29 -> 42 chr = 336 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 12 sprites shown
+;   hds $03 hdw $2A -> 43 chr = 344 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 11 sprites shown
+;   hds $03 hdw $2B -> 44 chr = 352 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 10 sprites shown
 ;
 ;
 ; VDC @ 10.74MHz, MWR=$xA (2-clk-per-access)
 ;
-;   hds $0B hdw $3B -> 60 chr = 480 pxl -> 16 sprites
+;   hds $17 hdw $1C -> 29 chr = 232 pxl -> 58 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
+;   hds $17 hdw $1D -> 30 chr = 240 pxl -> 60 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
+;   hds $17 hdw $1E -> 31 chr = 248 pxl -> 62 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
+;   hds $17 hdw $1F -> 32 chr = 256 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
+;   ...
+;   hds $0B hdw $3B -> 60 chr = 480 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
 ;   ...
-;   hds $0B hdw $3F -> 64 chr = 512 pxl -> 16 sprites
-;   hds $0B hdw $40 -> 65 chr = 520 pxl -> 16 sprites
-;   hds $0B hdw $41 -> 66 chr = 528 pxl -> 16 sprites
-;   hds $0B hdw $42 -> 67 chr = 536 pxl -> 16 sprites
-;   hds $0B hdw $43 -> 68 chr = 544 pxl -> 15 sprites
-;   hds $0B hdw $44 -> 69 chr = 552 pxl -> 14 sprites
+;   hds $0B hdw $3F -> 64 chr = 512 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
+;   hds $0B hdw $40 -> 65 chr = 520 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
+;   hds $0B hdw $41 -> 66 chr = 528 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
+;   hds $0B hdw $42 -> 67 chr = 536 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 16 sprites shown
+;   hds $0B hdw $43 -> 68 chr = 544 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 15 sprites shown
+;   hds $0B hdw $44 -> 69 chr = 552 pxl -> 64 SAT searched, 14 sprites shown
 ;
 
 

From 3e178d6cadff303f29cedba9ab53a89c8c6db54c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Jan 2024 13:27:17 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 18/40] Protect VDC initialization from stray IRQs, and fix
 VRAM copy.

---
 examples/asm/elmer/include/vdc.asm | 182 ++++++++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 126 insertions(+), 56 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/vdc.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/include/vdc.asm
index c72fd924..998c4d52 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/vdc.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/vdc.asm
@@ -286,6 +286,14 @@ set_mode_vdc	.proc
 .done:		lda	<vdc_reg, x		; Restore previous VDC_AR from
 		sta	VDC_AR, x		; the shadow variable.
 
+;		; I'm deliberately NOT purging any delayed IRQ in this routine
+;		; because it might legitimately be used during a frame.
+;
+;	.if	SUPPORT_SGX
+;		bit	SGX_SR			; Purge any overdue RCR.
+;	.endif
+;		bit	VDC_SR			; Purge any overdue RCR/VBL.
+
 		plp				; Restore interrupts.
 
 		pla				; Restore MPR4.
@@ -435,72 +443,52 @@ vdc_copy_to	.procgroup			; These routines share code!
 ;
 ; Args: _bp, Y = _farptr to data table mapped into MPR3 & MPR4.
 ; Args: _di = VRAM destination address.
-; Args: _ax = Number of VRAM_XFER_SIZE chunks to copy.
+; Args: _ax = Number of VRAM_XFER_SIZE chunks to copy (max 32768).
+;
+; N.B. This kind of self-modifying spaghetti code is why folks hate asm! ;-)
 ;
 
-	.if	SUPPORT_SGX
-copy_to_sgx	.proc
-
-		ldx	#SGX_VDC_OFFSET		; Offset to SGX VDC.
-		db	$F0			; Turn "clx" into a "beq".
-
-		.endp
-	.endif
-
-copy_to_vdc	.proc
-
-		clx				; Offset to PCE VDC.
-
-		tma3				; Preserve MPR3.
-		pha
-		tma4				; Preserve MPR4.
-		pha
-
-		jsr	set_bp_to_mpr34		; Map data to MPR3 & MPR4.
-
-		jsr	set_di_to_mawr		; Set VRAM write address.
-
-	.if	SUPPORT_SGX
-		inx				; Set VDC or SGX destination.
-		inx
-		stx	tia_to_vram_tia + 3
-	.endif
+		;
+		; This subroutine does the core of the transfer.
+		;
+		; Because it self-modifies, it needs to be in RAM on a HuCARD.
+		;
 
-		lda.l	<_bp			; Source address in CPU RAM.
-		ldy.h	<_bp
-		ldx.l	<_ax			; Number of chunks (lo-byte).
+tia_to_vram_len	=	51			; Size of self-modifying code.
 
 	.if	CDROM
-		bne	tia_to_vram		; On CD-ROM, the code is close.
+tia_to_vram_ram:				; CD-ROM code can self-modify.
 	.else
-		bne	.execute		; On HuCARD, the code is far.
+		.bss
+tia_to_vram_ram:ds	tia_to_vram_len		; HuCARD must put code in RAM.
+		.code
 	.endif
 
-		dec.h	<_ax			; Number of chunks (hi-byte).
-
-.execute:	jmp	tia_to_vram		; Execute the copy.
-
-		;
-		; This routine does the core of the transfer.
-		;
-		; Because it self-modifies, it needs to be in RAM on a HuCARD.
-		;
-
 tia_to_vram_rom:
 
 .next_page:	iny				; Increment source page.
 		bpl	.same_bank		; Still in MPR3?
-.next_bank:	tay
+.next_bank:	tay				; Preserve address lo-byte.
 		tma4
 		tam3
 		inc	a
 		tam4
-		tya
-		ldy.h	#$6000
+		tya				; Restore address lo-byte.
+		ldy.h	#$6000			; Wrap address hi-byte.
 .same_bank:	dex				; Number of chunks (lo-byte).
-		beq	.next_block
+		beq	.next_block		; ... or drop through!
 
-		; The routine starts here!
+		;
+		; The subroutine execution actually starts here!
+		;
+		; Because procedures are relocated just before the final
+		; pass, these addresses can change in the final pass and
+		; so must be ".set" because ".equ" will flag the changed
+		; address as an error!
+		;
+
+tia_to_vram	.set	tia_to_vram_ram + (* - .next_page)
+tia_to_vram_tia	.set	tia_to_vram + 7
 
 .entry_point:	clc
 		sty.h	tia_to_vram_tia + 1	; TIA source address hi-byte.
@@ -520,19 +508,56 @@ tia_to_vram_rom:
 
 		leave				; All done, phew!
 
-tia_to_vram_len	=	(* - .next_page)
-tia_to_vram_off	=	(.entry_point - .next_page)
+	.if	tia_to_vram_len != (* - .next_page)
+		.fail	The tia_to_vram code length has changed!
+	.endif
+
+		;
+		; Main procedure entry points that set up the registers for the
+		; self-modifying subroutine that must be in RAM.
+		;
+
+	.if	SUPPORT_SGX
+copy_to_sgx	.proc
+
+		ldx	#SGX_VDC_OFFSET		; Offset to SGX VDC.
+		db	$F0			; Turn "clx" into a "beq".
+
+		.endp
+	.endif
+
+copy_to_vdc	.proc
+
+		clx				; Offset to PCE VDC.
+
+		tma3				; Preserve MPR3.
+		pha
+		tma4				; Preserve MPR4.
+		pha
+
+		jsr	set_bp_to_mpr34		; Map data to MPR3 & MPR4.
+
+		jsr	set_di_to_mawr		; Set VRAM write address.
+
+	.if	SUPPORT_SGX
+		inx				; Set VDC or SGX destination.
+		inx
+		stx	tia_to_vram_tia + 3
+	.endif
+
+		lda.l	<_bp			; Source address in CPU RAM.
+		ldy.h	<_bp
+		ldx.l	<_ax			; Number of chunks (lo-byte).
 
 	.if	CDROM
-tia_to_vram_ram	=	tia_to_vram_rom		; CD-ROM can just self-modify.
+		bne	tia_to_vram		; On CD-ROM, the code is close.
 	.else
-		.bss
-tia_to_vram_ram:ds	tia_to_vram_len		; HuCARD must put code in RAM.
-		.code
+		bne	.execute		; On HuCARD, the code is far.
 	.endif
 
-tia_to_vram	=	tia_to_vram_ram + tia_to_vram_off
-tia_to_vram_tia	=	tia_to_vram + 7
+		dec.h	<_ax			; Number of chunks (hi-byte).
+
+.execute:	jmp	tia_to_vram		; Now execute the VRAM copy.
 
 		.endp
 
@@ -578,6 +603,9 @@ init_240x208	.proc
 .CHR_0x10	=	.CHR_ZERO + 16		; 1st tile # after the SAT.
 .CHR_0x20	=	.CHR_ZERO + 32		; ASCII ' ' CHR tile #.
 
+		php				; Disable interrupts.
+		sei
+
 		call	clear_vce		; Clear all palettes.
 
 		lda.l	#.CHR_0x20		; Tile # of ' ' CHR.
@@ -607,6 +635,12 @@ init_240x208	.proc
 !:		ldy	#^.mode_240x208		; Set VDC 2nd, VBL allowed.
 		call	set_mode_vdc
 
+	.if	SUPPORT_SGX
+		bit	SGX_SR			; Purge any overdue RCR.
+	.endif
+		bit	VDC_SR			; Purge any overdue RCR/VBL.
+		plp				; Restore interrupts.
+
 		call	wait_vsync		; Wait for the next VBLANK.
 
 		leave				; All done, phew!
@@ -662,6 +696,9 @@ init_256x224	.proc
 .CHR_0x10	=	.CHR_ZERO + 16		; 1st tile # after the SAT.
 .CHR_0x20	=	.CHR_ZERO + 32		; ASCII ' ' CHR tile #.
 
+		php				; Disable interrupts.
+		sei
+
 		call	clear_vce		; Clear all palettes.
 
 		lda.l	#.CHR_0x20		; Tile # of ' ' CHR.
@@ -691,6 +728,12 @@ init_256x224	.proc
 !:		ldy	#^.mode_256x224		; Set VDC 2nd, VBL allowed.
 		call	set_mode_vdc
 
+	.if	SUPPORT_SGX
+		bit	SGX_SR			; Purge any overdue RCR.
+	.endif
+		bit	VDC_SR			; Purge any overdue VBL.
+		plp				; Restore interrupts.
+
 		call	wait_vsync		; Wait for the next VBLANK.
 
 		leave				; All done, phew!
@@ -746,6 +789,9 @@ init_352x224	.proc
 .CHR_0x10	=	.CHR_ZERO + 16		; 1st tile # after the SAT.
 .CHR_0x20	=	.CHR_ZERO + 32		; ASCII ' ' CHR tile #.
 
+		php				; Disable interrupts.
+		sei
+
 		call	clear_vce		; Clear all palettes.
 
 		lda.l	#.CHR_0x20		; Tile # of ' ' CHR.
@@ -775,6 +821,12 @@ init_352x224	.proc
 !:		ldy	#^.mode_352x224		; Set VDC 2nd, VBL allowed.
 		call	set_mode_vdc
 
+	.if	SUPPORT_SGX
+		bit	SGX_SR			; Purge any overdue RCR.
+	.endif
+		bit	VDC_SR			; Purge any overdue RCR/VBL.
+		plp				; Restore interrupts.
+
 		call	wait_vsync		; Wait for the next VBLANK.
 
 		leave				; All done, phew!
@@ -830,6 +882,9 @@ init_512x224	.proc
 .CHR_0x10	=	.CHR_ZERO + 16		; 1st tile # after the SAT.
 .CHR_0x20	=	.CHR_ZERO + 32		; ASCII ' ' CHR tile #.
 
+		php				; Disable interrupts.
+		sei
+
 		call	clear_vce		; Clear all palettes.
 
 		lda.l	#.CHR_0x20		; Tile # of ' ' CHR.
@@ -859,6 +914,12 @@ init_512x224	.proc
 !:		ldy	#^.mode_512x224		; Set VDC 2nd, VBL allowed.
 		call	set_mode_vdc
 
+	.if	SUPPORT_SGX
+		bit	SGX_SR			; Purge any overdue RCR.
+	.endif
+		bit	VDC_SR			; Purge any overdue RCR/VBL.
+		plp				; Restore interrupts.
+
 		call	wait_vsync		; Wait for the next VBLANK.
 
 		leave				; All done, phew!
@@ -916,6 +977,9 @@ init_320x208	.proc
 .CHR_0x10	=	.CHR_ZERO + 16		; 1st tile # after the SAT.
 .CHR_0x20	=	.CHR_ZERO + 32		; ASCII ' ' CHR tile #.
 
+		php				; Disable interrupts.
+		sei
+
 		call	clear_vce		; Clear all palettes.
 
 		lda.l	#.CHR_0x20		; Tile # of ' ' CHR.
@@ -945,6 +1009,12 @@ init_320x208	.proc
 !:		ldy	#^.mode_320x208		; Set VDC 2nd, VBL allowed.
 		call	set_mode_vdc
 
+	.if	SUPPORT_SGX
+		bit	SGX_SR			; Purge any overdue RCR.
+	.endif
+		bit	VDC_SR			; Purge any overdue VBL.
+		plp				; Restore interrupts.
+
 		call	wait_vsync		; Wait for the next VBLANK.
 
 		leave				; All done, phew!

From a15c35bc1595c6f27617533f897ce0bf6512287e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Tue, 9 Jan 2024 15:16:16 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 19/40] Add new optimized-but-still-slow mul_xxx routines to
 math.asm Update Gulliver HuVIDEO example, the only project using mul_xxx!

---
 examples/asm/elmer/include/math.asm           | 431 ++++++++++++++++--
 examples/asm/elmer/include/movie.asm          |  15 +-
 .../asm/elmer/ted2-core-gulliver/gulliver.asm |   2 +-
 3 files changed, 391 insertions(+), 57 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/math.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/include/math.asm
index 0ed17efd..e96e0ec8 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/math.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/math.asm
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 ;
 ; Basic (i.e. slow) math routines.
 ;
-; Copyright John Brandwood 2021-2022.
+; Copyright John Brandwood 2021-2024.
 ;
 ; Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 ; (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -19,32 +19,114 @@
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ;
-; mul_8x16u - Simple 16-bit x 8-bit multiply.
+; mul_8x8u - Simple 8-bit x 8-bit -> 16-bit unsigned multiply.
 ;
-; Args: _ax = 16-bit Multiplicand / Result
-; Args: _cl =  8-bit Multiplier
+; Args:    _al       =  8-bit Multiplier
+; Args:    _cl       = 16-bit Multiplicand
+;
+; Returns: _ax       = 16-bit Result
+;
+; Returns: Y=0,Z-flag,N-flag.
+;
+; Preserved: _cx,_dx
+;
+; Derived from Leo J Scanlon's 16x16 multiply in the book "6502 Software
+; Design" with an optimization to rotate the result into the multiplier.
+;
+; This is very similar to TobyLobster's modificaton to the 16x16 multiply
+; from "The Merlin 128 Macro Assembler" disk, but with optimized branches.
+;
+; See https://github.com/TobyLobster/multiply_test/blob/main/tests/mult2.a
+;
+; Takes between 158..190 cycles, 174 on average.
+;
+; Note: Unrolling the loop once saves 16 cycles, but IMHO that's not worth
+; the extra 8-bytes of code.
+;
+; Note: Fully unrolling the loop saves 36 cycles, but the extra 49 bytes of
+; code mean that it should be a procedure, and then the trampoline overhead
+; would actually make it no faster!
 ;
 
-mul_8x16u:	.proc
+mul_8x8u:	cla				; Clear top byte of result.
 
-		cla				; Clear Result.
-		clx
-		lsr	<_cl			; Shift and test multiplier.
-		bcc	.loop
+		ldy	#8			; Loop 8 times.
 
-.add:		clc				; Add _ax to the Result.
-		adc.l	<_ax
-		sax
-		adc.h	<_ax
-		sax
+		lsr	<_ax + 0		; Divide multiplier by 2 and
+		bcc	.rotate			; clear 8th bit (important).
 
-.loop:		asl.l	<_ax			; _ax = _ax * 2
-		rol.h	<_ax
-		lsr	<_cl			; Shift and test multiplier.
-		bcs	.add
-		bne	.loop
-		sta.l	<_ax			; Save Result.
-		stx.h	<_ax
+.add:		clc				; Add the 8-bit multiplicand
+		adc	<_cl			; to top 8-bits of the result.
+
+.rotate:	ror	a			; Rotate result into the top
+		ror	<_ax + 0		; bits of the multiplier.
+
+		dey
+		bcs	.add			; Add multiplicand to top byte?
+		bne	.rotate			; Completed 8 loops?
+
+		sta	<_ax + 1		; Save top byte of result.
+
+		rts
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; mul_16x8u - Simple 16-bit x 8-bit -> 24-bit unsigned multiply.
+;
+; Args:    _al       =  8-bit Multiplier
+; Args:    _cx       = 16-bit Multiplicand
+;
+; Returns: _ax,_bl   = 24-bit Result
+;
+; Returns: A=Y=0,Z-flag,N-flag.
+;
+; Preserved: _cx,_dx
+;
+; Derived from Leo J Scanlon's 16x16 multiply in the book "6502 Software
+; Design" with an optimization to rotate the result into the multiplier.
+;
+; This is very similar to TobyLobster's modificaton to the 16x16 multiply
+; from "The Merlin 128 Macro Assembler" disk, but with optimized branches.
+;
+; See https://github.com/TobyLobster/multiply_test/blob/main/tests/mult2.a
+;
+; Takes between 243..403 cycles, 323 on average, including 47 cycle procedure
+; call overhead vs 14 cycles for a JSR+RTS.
+;
+
+mul_16x8u:	.proc
+
+		cla				; Clear top word of result.
+		sta	<_ax + 1
+
+		ldy	#8			; Loop 8 times.
+
+		lsr	<_ax + 0		; Divide multiplier by 2 and
+		bcc	.rotate			; clear 8th bit (important).
+
+.add:		tax				; Preserve top byte of result.
+
+		clc				; Add the 16-bit multiplicand
+		lda	<_ax + 1		; to top 16-bits of the result.
+		adc.l	<_cx
+		sta	<_ax + 1
+
+		txa				; Restore top byte of result.
+		adc.h	<_cx
+
+.rotate:	ror	a			; Rotate result into the top
+		ror	<_ax + 1		; bits of the multiplier ...
+
+		ror	<_ax + 0		; and divide multiplier by 2.
+
+		dey
+		bcs	.add			; Add multiplicand to top word?
+		bne	.rotate			; Completed 8 loops?
+
+		sta	<_ax + 2		; Save top byte of result.
 
 		leave
 
@@ -55,38 +137,287 @@ mul_8x16u:	.proc
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ;
-; mul_8x24u - Simple 24-bit x 8-bit multiply.
+; mul_16x16u - Simple 16-bit x 16-bit -> 32-bit unsigned multiply.
 ;
-; Args: _ax,_bl = 24-bit Multiplicand / Result
-; Args: _cl     =  8-bit Multiplier
+; Args:    _ax       = 16-bit Multiplier
+; Args:    _cx       = 16-bit Multiplicand
+;
+; Returns: _ax,_bx   = 32-bit Result
+;
+; Returns: A=Y=0,Z-flag,N-flag.
+;
+; Preserved: _cx,_dx
+;
+; Derived from Leo J Scanlon's 16x16 multiply in the book "6502 Software
+; Design" with an optimization to rotate the result into the multiplier.
+;
+; This is the same as TobyLobster's modificaton to the 16x16 multiply from
+; Dr Jefyll "http://forum.6502.org/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=689&start=0#p19958",
+; but with optimized branches.
+;
+; See https://github.com/TobyLobster/multiply_test/blob/main/tests/mult60.a
+;
+; Takes between 441..809 cycles, 625 on average, including 47 cycle procedure
+; call overhead vs 14 cycles for a JSR+RTS.
+;
+; Note: Unrolling the outer loop saves 12..60 cycles, but IMHO that's not
+; worth the extra 22-bytes of code!
 ;
 
-mul_8x24u:	.proc
+mul_16x16u:	.proc
 
-		cla				; Clear Result.
-		clx
-		cly
-		lsr	<_cl			; Shift and test multiplier.
-		bcc	.loop
+		cla				; Clear top word of result.
+		sta	<_ax + 2
 
-.add:		clc				; Add _ax to the Result.
-		adc	<_ax + 0
-		sax				; x = lo-byte, a = mi-byte
-		adc	<_ax + 1
-		sax
-		say				; y = lo-byte, a = hi-byte
-		adc	<_ax + 2
-		say
+		ldx	#-2			; Multiplier is 2 bytes long.
 
-.loop:		asl	<_ax + 0		; _ax = _ax * 2
-		rol	<_ax + 1
-		rol	<_ax + 2
-		lsr	<_cl			; Shift and test multiplier.
-		bcs	.add
-		bne	.loop
-		sta	<_ax + 0		; Save Result.
-		stx	<_ax + 1
-		sty	<_ax + 2
+.loop:		ldy	#8			; 8 bits in a byte.
+
+		lsr	<_ax + 2, x		; Divide multiplier by 2 and
+		bcc	.rotate			; clear 8th bit (important).
+
+.add:		pha				; Preserve top byte of result.
+
+		clc				; Add the 16-bit multiplicand
+		lda	<_ax + 2		; to top 16-bits of the result.
+		adc.l	<_cx
+		sta	<_ax + 2
+
+		pla				; Restore top byte of result.
+		adc.h	<_cx
+
+.rotate:	ror	a			; Rotate result into the top
+		ror	<_ax + 2		; bits of the multiplier ...
+
+		ror	<_ax + 2, x		; and divide multiplier by 2.
+
+		dey
+		bcs	.add			; Add multiplicand to top word?
+		bne	.rotate			; Completed 8 bits?
+
+		inx				; Loop to the next higher byte
+		bne	.loop			; in the multiplier.
+
+		sta	<_ax + 3		; Save top byte of result.
+
+		leave
+
+		.endp
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; mul_24x8u - Simple 24-bit x 8-bit -> 32-bit unsigned multiply.
+;
+; Args:    _al       =  8-bit Multiplier
+; Args:    _cx,_dl   = 24-bit Multiplicand
+;
+; Returns: _ax,_bx   = 32-bit Result
+;
+; Returns: A=Y=0,Z-flag,N-flag.
+;
+; Preserved: _cx,_dx
+;
+; Derived from Leo J Scanlon's 16x16 multiply in the book "6502 Software
+; Design" with an optimization to rotate the result into the multiplier.
+;
+; This is very similar to TobyLobster's modificaton to the 16x16 multiply
+; from "The Merlin 128 Macro Assembler" disk, but with optimized branches.
+;
+; See https://github.com/TobyLobster/multiply_test/blob/main/tests/mult2.a
+;
+; Takes between 295..551 cycles, 423 on average, including 47 cycle procedure
+; call overhead vs 14 cycles for a JSR+RTS.
+;
+
+mul_24x8u:	.proc
+
+		cla				; Clear top 24-bits of result.
+		sta	<_ax + 2
+		sta	<_ax + 1
+
+		ldy	#8			; Loop 8 times.
+
+		lsr	<_ax + 0		; Divide multiplier by 2 and
+		bcc	.rotate			; clear 8th bit (important).
+
+.add:		tax				; Preserve top byte of result.
+
+		clc				; Add the 24-bit multiplicand
+		lda	<_ax + 1		; to top 24-bits of the result.
+		adc	<_cx + 0
+		sta	<_ax + 1
+
+		lda	<_ax + 2
+		adc	<_cx + 1
+		sta	<_ax + 2
+
+		txa				; Restore top byte of result.
+		adc	<_cx + 2
+
+.rotate:	ror	a			; Rotate result into the top
+		ror	<_ax + 2		; bits of the multiplier ...
+		ror	<_ax + 1
+
+		ror	<_ax + 0		; and divide multiplier by 2.
+
+		dey
+		bcs	.add			; Add multiplicand to top bits?
+		bne	.rotate			; Completed 8 loops?
+
+		sta	<_ax + 3		; Save top byte of result.
+
+		leave
+
+		.endp
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; mul_24x16u - Simple 24-bit x 16-bit -> 40-bit unsigned multiply.
+;
+; Args:    _ax       = 16-bit Multiplier
+; Args:    _cx,_dl   = 24-bit Multiplicand
+;
+; Returns: _ax,_bx,Y = 40-bit Result
+;
+; Returns: A=Y,Z-flag,N-flag.
+;
+; Preserved: _cx,_dx
+;
+; Derived from Leo J Scanlon's 16x16 multiply in the book "6502 Software
+; Design" with an optimization to rotate the result into the multiplier.
+;
+; This is the same as TobyLobster's modificaton to the 16x16 multiply from
+; Dr Jefyll "http://forum.6502.org/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=689&start=0#p19958",
+; but with optimized branches.
+;
+; See https://github.com/TobyLobster/multiply_test/blob/main/tests/mult60.a
+;
+; Takes between 539..1099 cycles, 819 on average, including 47 cycle procedure
+; call overhead vs 14 cycles for a JSR+RTS.
+;
+
+mul_24x16u:	.proc
+
+		cla				; Clear top 24-bits of result.
+		sta	<_ax + 3
+		sta	<_ax + 2
+
+		ldx	#-2			; Multiplier is 2 bytes long.
+
+.loop:		ldy	#8			; 8 bits in a byte.
+
+		lsr	<_ax + 2, x		; Divide multiplier by 2 and
+		bcc	.rotate			; clear 8th bit (important).
+
+.add:		pha				; Preserve top byte of result.
+
+		clc				; Add the 24-bit multiplicand
+		lda	<_ax + 2		; to top 24-bits of the result.
+		adc	<_cx + 0
+		sta	<_ax + 2
+
+		lda	<_ax + 3
+		adc	<_cx + 1
+		sta	<_ax + 3
+
+		pla				; Restore top byte of result.
+		adc	<_cx + 2
+
+.rotate:	ror	a			; Rotate result into the top
+		ror	<_ax + 3		; bits of the multiplier ...
+		ror	<_ax + 2
+
+		ror	<_ax + 2, x		; and divide multiplier by 2.
+
+		dey
+		bcs	.add			; Add multiplicand to top bits?
+		bne	.rotate			; Completed 8 bits?
+
+		inx				; Loop to the next higher byte
+		bne	.loop			; in the multiplier.
+
+		tay				; Save top byte of result.
+
+		leave
+
+		.endp
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; mul_32x8u - Simple 32-bit x 8-bit -> 40-bit unsigned multiply.
+;
+; Args:    _ax       =  8-bit Multiplier
+; Args:    _cx,_dx   = 32-bit Multiplicand
+;
+; Returns: _ax,_bx,Y = 40-bit Result
+;
+; Returns: A=Y,Z-flag,N-flag.
+;
+; Preserved: _cx,_dx
+;
+; Derived from Leo J Scanlon's 16x16 multiply in the book "6502 Software
+; Design" with an optimization to rotate the result into the multiplier.
+;
+; This is very similar to TobyLobster's modificaton to the 16x16 multiply
+; from "The Merlin 128 Macro Assembler" disk, but with optimized branches.
+;
+; See https://github.com/TobyLobster/multiply_test/blob/main/tests/mult2.a
+;
+; Takes between 345..697 cycles, 521 on average, including 47 cycle procedure
+; call overhead vs 14 cycles for a JSR+RTS.
+;
+
+mul_32x8u:	.proc
+
+		cla				; Clear top 32-bits of result.
+		sta	<_ax + 3
+		sta	<_ax + 2
+		sta	<_ax + 1
+
+		ldy	#8			; Loop 8 times.
+
+		lsr	<_ax + 0		; Divide multiplier by 2 and
+		bcc	.rotate			; clear 8th bit (important).
+
+.add:		tax				; Preserve top byte of result.
+
+		clc				; Add the 32-bit multiplicand
+		lda	<_ax + 1		; to top 32-bits of the result.
+		adc	<_cx + 0
+		sta	<_ax + 1
+
+		lda	<_ax + 2
+		adc	<_cx + 1
+		sta	<_ax + 2
+
+		lda	<_ax + 3
+		adc	<_cx + 2
+		sta	<_ax + 3
+
+		txa				; Restore top byte of result.
+		adc	<_cx + 3
+
+.rotate:	ror	a			; Rotate result into the top
+		ror	<_ax + 3		; bits of the multiplier ...
+		ror	<_ax + 2
+		ror	<_ax + 1
+
+		ror	<_ax + 0		; and divide multiplier by 2.
+
+		dey
+		bcs	.add			; Add multiplicand to top bits?
+		bne	.rotate			; Completed 8 loops?
+
+		tay				; Save top byte of result.
 
 		leave
 
@@ -101,10 +432,12 @@ mul_8x24u:	.proc
 ;
 ; Args: _ax = Dividend / Quotient
 ; Args: _bx = Dividend / Quotient (if 32-bit)
-; Args: _cl = Dividor
+; Args: _cl = Divisor
 ;
 ; Returns: Y=A,Z-flag,N-flag = Remainder.
 ;
+; Preserved: _cx,_dx
+;
 
 div16_7u	.proc
 
@@ -139,6 +472,8 @@ div16_7u	.proc
 ;
 ; Returns: Y=A,Z-flag,N-flag = Remainder.
 ;
+; Preserved: _cx,_dx
+;
 
 div32_7u	.proc
 
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/movie.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/include/movie.asm
index 4094a31b..4cdec10f 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/movie.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/movie.asm
@@ -418,10 +418,10 @@ huv_proc_header:lda	#BUFFER_1ST_BANK	; Map the workspace into MPR3.
 
 		lda.l	HUV_FRM_COUNT		; Save the #frames in
 		sta.l	<huv_movie_frms		; movie.
-		sta.l	<_ax
+		sta.l	<_cx
 		lda.h	HUV_FRM_COUNT
 		sta.h	<huv_movie_frms
-		sta.h	<_ax
+		sta.h	<_cx
 
 		jsr	huv_frm_to_lba		; Calc the movie end.
 		tii	huv_read_lba_h, huv_movie_end_h, 3
@@ -477,13 +477,12 @@ huv_proc_header:lda	#BUFFER_1ST_BANK	; Map the workspace into MPR3.
 ;
 ; huv_frm_to_lba - Calculate a frame's LBA and page-offset into the sector.
 ;
-; ARGS: _ax = frame#
+; ARGS: _cx = frame#
 ;
 
 huv_frm_to_lba:	lda.h	#BYTES_PER_FRAME	; A frame is page-aligned so
-		sta	<_cl    		; we don't need the lo-byte.
-		stz	<_ax + 2
-		call	mul_8x24u
+		sta	<_al    		; we don't need the lo-byte.
+		call	mul_16x8u		; 16-bit x 8-bit -> 24-bit
 
 		lda	<_ax + 0		; Preserve page-offset into
 		and	#7			; the sector.
@@ -526,10 +525,10 @@ huv_play_from:	stz.l	bg_x1			; Reset screen flip.
 
 		lda.l	<huv_play_frame		; Get starting frame's LBA.
 		sta.l	<huv_load_frame
-		sta	<_ax + 0
+		sta.l	<_cx
 		lda.h	<huv_play_frame
 		sta.h	<huv_load_frame
-		sta	<_ax + 1
+		sta.h	<_cx
 		jsr	huv_frm_to_lba
 
 		and	#7			; Convert the page-offset to
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-core-gulliver/gulliver.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-core-gulliver/gulliver.asm
index fed599a3..6cfdcb63 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-core-gulliver/gulliver.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-core-gulliver/gulliver.asm
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ BAT_NULL	=	CHR_0x20 + (0 << 12)	; Default BAT tile & palette.
 		;
 
 	.if	CDROM
-SUPPORT_ACD	=	1	; Support the Arcade Card.
+SUPPORT_ACD	=	0	; Support the Arcade Card (does not work yet!).
 	.else
 SUPPORT_TED2	=	1	; Support the Turbo Everdrive's use of bank0.
 	.endif

From 998555b9c9717920ddc4e3560bb0d42190217698 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Tue, 9 Jan 2024 15:56:35 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 20/40] For clarity, change core.inc to use .zp allocation
 instead of equates.

---
 examples/asm/elmer/include/core.inc | 38 ++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/core.inc b/examples/asm/elmer/include/core.inc
index 4e707662..1c52ea9e 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/core.inc
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/core.inc
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 ;
 ; Base include for the "CORE(not TM)" PC Engine library code.
 ;
-; Copyright John Brandwood 2021-2022.
+; Copyright John Brandwood 2021-2024.
 ;
 ; Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 ; (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -88,33 +88,33 @@ core_zpend	=	$F8:20EC
 		; the X register, and then index into either set of hardware
 		; registers and the "sgx_reg" or "vdc_reg" shadow-variables.
 
-PCE_VDC_OFFSET	=	$00			; Offset to PCE VDC hw & vars.
-SGX_VDC_OFFSET	=	$10			; Offset to SGX VDC hw & vars.
+PCE_VDC_OFFSET	=	$00		; Offset to PCE VDC chip & shadow vars.
+SGX_VDC_OFFSET	=	$10		; Offset to SGX VDC chip & shadow vars.
 
-_temp		=	$F8:2000		; Use within any ASM routine.
-_bank		=	$F8:2002		; Use within any ASM routine.
-sgx_crl		=	$F8:2003		; SGX shadow (vdc_crl = $20F3).
-sgx_crh		=	$F8:2004		; SGX shadow (vdc_crh = $20F4).
-core_1stbank	=	$F8:2005		; 1st bank of library code.
-sgx_sr		=	$F8:2006		; SGX shadow (vdc_sr  = $20F6).
-sgx_reg		=	$F8:2007		; SGX shadow (vdc_reg = $20F7).
+		.zp
+		.org	$2000
+_temp		ds	2		; $F8:2000 Use within any ASM routine.
+_bp_bank	ds	1		; $F8:2002 Use within any ASM routine.
+sgx_crl		ds	1		; $F8:2003 SGX shadow (vdc_crl = $20F3).
+sgx_crh		ds	1		; $F8:2004 SGX shadow (vdc_crh = $20F4).
+core_1stbank	ds	1		; $F8:2005 1st bank of library code.
+sgx_sr		ds	1		; $F8:2006 SGX shadow (vdc_sr  = $20F6).
+sgx_reg		ds	1		; $F8:2007 SGX shadow (vdc_reg = $20F7).
 
-core_zp1st	=	$F8:2008		; 1st free user address.
+core_zp1st	=	*		; $F8:2008 1st free user address.
 
 	.else	SUPPORT_SGX
 
-_temp		=	$F8:2000		; Use within any ASM routine.
-_bank		=	$F8:2002		; Use within any ASM routine.
-core_1stbank	=	$F8:2003		; 1st bank of engine code.
+		.zp
+		.org	$2000
+_temp		ds	2		; Use within any ASM routine.
+_bp_bank	ds	1		; Use within any ASM routine.
+core_1stbank	ds	1		; 1st bank of engine code.
 
-core_zp1st	=	$F8:2004		; 1st free user address.
+core_zp1st	=	*		; 1st free user address.
 
 	.endif	SUPPORT_SGX
 
-		.zp
-		.org	core_zp1st
-		.code
-
 ;
 ; The kernel code in RAM follows the System Card's RAM variables.
 ;

From 137472ad6717ba39cc5d320072916b03e78820d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Wed, 10 Jan 2024 13:42:02 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 21/40] Update decompressors to use normal MPR3 mapping, and to
 return a _farptr. Add documentation for compressors to use, and their command
 line flags.

---
 examples/asm/elmer/include/unpack-lzsa1.asm | 29 +++++++---
 examples/asm/elmer/include/unpack-lzsa2.asm | 29 +++++++---
 examples/asm/elmer/include/unpack-zx0.asm   | 59 +++++++++++++--------
 3 files changed, 80 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/unpack-lzsa1.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/include/unpack-lzsa1.asm
index eeff1b31..1e5f6b21 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/unpack-lzsa1.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/unpack-lzsa1.asm
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 ;
 ; HuC6280 decompressor for Emmanuel Marty's LZSA1 format.
 ;
-; The code is 171 bytes for the small version, and 197 bytes for the normal.
+; The code is 172 bytes for the small version, and 198 bytes for the normal.
 ;
-; Copyright John Brandwood 2019-2021.
+; Copyright John Brandwood 2019-2024.
 ;
 ; Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 ; (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -15,6 +15,18 @@
 ;
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; N.B. The decompressor expects the data to be compressed without a header!
+;
+; Use Emmanuel Marty's LZSA compressor which can be found here ...
+;  https://github.com/emmanuel-marty/lzsa
+;
+; To create an LZSA1 file to decompress to RAM
+;
+;  lzsa -r -f 1 <infile> <outfile>
+;
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
 
 
 
@@ -72,7 +84,9 @@ lzsa1_offset	=	lzsa1_winptr
 ; lzsa1_to_ram - Decompress data stored in Emmanuel Marty's LZSA1 format.
 ;
 ; Args: _bp, Y = _farptr to compressed data in MPR3.
-; Args: _di = ptr to output address in RAM.
+; Args: _di = ptr to output address in RAM (anywhere except MPR3!).
+;
+; Returns: _bp, Y = _farptr to byte after compressed data.
 ;
 ; Uses: _bp, _di, _ax, _bl !
 ;
@@ -82,11 +96,9 @@ lzsa1_to_ram	.proc
 		tma3				; Preserve MPR3.
 		pha
 
-		tya				; Map lzsa1_srcptr to MPR3.
-		beq	!+
-		tam3
+		jsr	set_bp_to_mpr3		; Map lzsa1_srcptr to MPR3.
 
-!:		clx				; Initialize hi-byte of length.
+		clx				; Initialize hi-byte of length.
 		cly				; Initialize source index.
 
 		;
@@ -291,6 +303,9 @@ lzsa1_to_ram	.proc
 		pla				; Decompression completed, pop
 		pla				; return address.
 
+		tma3				; Return final MPR3 in Y reg.
+		tay
+
 		pla				; Restore MPR3.
 		tam3
 
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/unpack-lzsa2.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/include/unpack-lzsa2.asm
index cb6d3308..98112b84 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/unpack-lzsa2.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/unpack-lzsa2.asm
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 ;
 ; HuC6280 decompressor for Emmanuel Marty's LZSA2 format.
 ;
-; The code is 247 bytes for the small version, and 262 bytes for the normal.
+; The code is 248 bytes for the small version, and 263 bytes for the normal.
 ;
-; Copyright John Brandwood 2019-2021.
+; Copyright John Brandwood 2019-2024.
 ;
 ; Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 ; (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -15,6 +15,18 @@
 ;
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; N.B. The decompressor expects the data to be compressed without a header!
+;
+; Use Emmanuel Marty's LZSA compressor which can be found here ...
+;  https://github.com/emmanuel-marty/lzsa
+;
+; To create an LZSA2 file to decompress to RAM
+;
+;  lzsa -r -f 2 <infile> <outfile>
+;
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
 
 
 
@@ -73,7 +85,9 @@ lzsa2_nibble	=	_dl			; 1 byte.
 ; lzsa2_to_ram - Decompress data stored in Emmanuel Marty's LZSA2 format.
 ;
 ; Args: _bp, Y = _farptr to compressed data in MPR3.
-; Args: _di = ptr to output address in RAM.
+; Args: _di = ptr to output address in RAM (anywhere except MPR3!).
+;
+; Returns: _bp, Y = _farptr to byte after compressed data.
 ;
 ; Uses: _bp, _di, _ax, _bx, _cx, _dl !
 ;
@@ -83,11 +97,9 @@ lzsa2_to_ram	.proc
 		tma3				; Preserve MPR3.
 		pha
 
-		tya				; Map lzsa2_srcptr to MPR3.
-		beq	!+
-		tam3
+		jsr	set_bp_to_mpr3		; Map lzsa2_srcptr to MPR3.
 
-!:		clx				; Hi-byte of length or offset.
+		clx				; Hi-byte of length or offset.
 		cly				; Initialize source index.
 		stz	<lzsa2_nibflg		; Initialize nibble buffer.
 
@@ -275,6 +287,9 @@ lzsa2_to_ram	.proc
 .finished:	pla				; Decompression completed, pop
 		pla				; return address.
 
+		tma3				; Return final MPR3 in Y reg.
+		tay
+
 		pla				; Restore MPR3.
 		tam3
 
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/unpack-zx0.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/include/unpack-zx0.asm
index 19d2311a..758221f9 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/unpack-zx0.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/unpack-zx0.asm
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
 ;
 ; HuC6280 decompressor for Einar Saukas's "classic" ZX0 format.
 ;
-; The code length is 199 bytes for RAM, 249 bytes for direct-to-VRAM, plus
+; The code length is 200 bytes for RAM, 250 bytes for direct-to-VRAM, plus
 ; some generic utility code.
 ;
-; Copyright John Brandwood 2021-2022.
+; Copyright John Brandwood 2021-2024.
 ;
 ; Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 ; (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -20,6 +20,17 @@
 ; ZX0 "modern" format is not supported, because it costs an extra 4 bytes of
 ; code in this decompressor, and it runs slower.
 ;
+; Use Emmanuel Marty's SALVADOR ZX0 compressor which can be found here ...
+;  https://github.com/emmanuel-marty/salvador
+;
+; To create a ZX0 file to decompress to RAM
+;
+;  salvador -classic <infile> <outfile>
+;
+; To create a ZX0 file to decompress to VRAM, using a 4KB ring-buffer in RAM
+;
+;  salvador -classic -w 4096 <infile> <outfile>
+;
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ; ***************************************************************************
 
@@ -79,7 +90,9 @@ zx0_bitbuf	=	_dl			; 1 byte.
 ; zx0_to_ram - Decompress data stored in Einar Saukas's ZX0 "classic" format.
 ;
 ; Args: _bp, Y = _farptr to compressed data in MPR3.
-; Args: _di = ptr to output address in RAM.
+; Args: _di = ptr to output address in RAM (anywhere except MPR3!).
+;
+; Returns: _bp, Y = _farptr to byte after compressed data.
 ;
 ; Uses: _bp, _di, _ax, _bx, _cx, _dh !
 ;
@@ -89,15 +102,9 @@ zx0_to_ram	.proc
 		tma3				; Preserve MPR3.
 		pha
 
-	.ifdef	_KICKC
 		jsr	set_bp_to_mpr3		; Map zx0_srcptr to MPR3.
-	.else
-		tya				; Map zx0_srcptr to MPR3.
-		beq	!+
-		tam3
-	.endif
 
-!:		ldx	#$40			; Initialize bit-buffer.
+		ldx	#$40			; Initialize bit-buffer.
 
 		ldy	#$FF			; Initialize offset to $FFFF.
 		sty	<zx0_offset + 0
@@ -180,7 +187,10 @@ zx0_to_ram	.proc
 		inc	<zx0_winptr + 1
 		bra	.lz_byte
 
-.got_eof:	pla				; Restore MPR3.
+.got_eof:	tma3				; Return final MPR3 in Y reg.
+		tay
+
+		pla				; Restore MPR3.
 		tam3
 
 		leave				; Finished decompression!
@@ -286,6 +296,8 @@ zx0_to_ram	.proc
 ; Args: _bp, Y = _farptr to compressed data in MPR3.
 ; Args: _di = ptr to output address in VRAM.
 ;
+; Returns: _bp, Y = _farptr to byte after compressed data.
+;
 ; Uses: _bp, _di, _ax, _bx, _cx, _dl, _dh!
 ;
 
@@ -305,15 +317,9 @@ zx0_to_vdc	.proc
 		tma3				; Preserve MPR3.
 		pha
 
-	.ifdef	_KICKC
 		jsr	set_bp_to_mpr3		; Map zx0_srcptr to MPR3.
-	.else
-		tya				; Map zx0_srcptr to MPR3.
-		beq	!+
-		tam3
-	.endif
 
-!:		jsr	set_di_to_mawr		; Map zx0_dstptr to VRAM.
+		jsr	set_di_to_mawr		; Map zx0_dstptr to VRAM.
 
 		lda	#$40			; Initialize bit-buffer.
 		sta	<zx0_bitbuf
@@ -405,11 +411,6 @@ zx0_to_vdc	.proc
 		dec	<zx0_length + 1		; This is rare, so slower.
 		bra	.lz_byte
 
-.got_eof:	pla				; Restore MPR3.
-		tam3
-
-		leave				; Finished decompression!
-
 		;
 		; Copy bytes from compressed source.
 		;
@@ -459,6 +460,18 @@ zx0_to_vdc	.proc
 		dec	<zx0_length + 1		; Decrement because lo-byte=0.
 		bra	.get_lz_win
 
+		;
+		; All done!
+		;
+
+.got_eof:	tma3				; Return final MPR3 in Y reg.
+		tay
+
+		pla				; Restore MPR3.
+		tam3
+
+		leave				; Finished decompression!
+
 		;
 		; Optimized handling of pointers crossing page-boundaries.
 		;

From 17a3e7712b577487f6c2e6cf59f2318244f9953b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Wed, 10 Jan 2024 14:29:52 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 22/40] Change ZX0 sample command-line to 2KB window to match
 default window equates.

---
 examples/asm/elmer/include/unpack-zx0.asm | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/unpack-zx0.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/include/unpack-zx0.asm
index 758221f9..5cdba888 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/unpack-zx0.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/unpack-zx0.asm
@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@
 ;
 ;  salvador -classic <infile> <outfile>
 ;
-; To create a ZX0 file to decompress to VRAM, using a 4KB ring-buffer in RAM
+; To create a ZX0 file to decompress to VRAM, using a 2KB ring-buffer in RAM
 ;
-;  salvador -classic -w 4096 <infile> <outfile>
+;  salvador -classic -w 2048 <infile> <outfile>
 ;
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ; ***************************************************************************

From 39025486f5de7474601a980ea97a9e44470cb136 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Wed, 17 Jan 2024 18:30:47 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 23/40] Improve comments in cdrom.asm after recent findings
 about the SCSI abort.

---
 examples/asm/elmer/include/cdrom.asm | 92 ++++++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 61 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/cdrom.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/include/cdrom.asm
index 02c62550..c7696648 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/cdrom.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/cdrom.asm
@@ -107,6 +107,9 @@ SUPPORT_TIMING	=	0
 
 ; SCSI bus signals.
 
+SCSI_SEL	=	$81	; IFU_SCSI_CTL When PCE selects the CD-ROM device
+SCSI_RST	=	$60	; IFU_SCSI_CTL When aborting the current command
+
 SCSI_MSK	=	$F8	; IFU_SCSI_FLG
 SCSI_BSY	=	$80	; IFU_SCSI_FLG Bus is Busy or Free
 SCSI_REQ	=	$40	; IFU_SCSI_FLG Target Requests next Xfer
@@ -114,7 +117,7 @@ SCSI_MSG	=	$20	; IFU_SCSI_FLG Bus contains a Message
 SCSI_CXD	=	$10	; IFU_SCSI_FLG Bus contains Control or /Data
 SCSI_IXO	=	$08	; IFU_SCSI_FLG Bus Initiator or Target
 
-SCSI_ACK	=	$80	; IFU_IRQ_MSK
+SCSI_ACK	=	$80	; IFU_IRQ_MSK Initiator's side of REQ/ACK handshake
 
 ; SCSI bus phases.
 
@@ -198,7 +201,7 @@ cplay_scsi_buf	=	scsi_send_buf		; Reuse the SCSI buffer.
 
 	.if	SUPPORT_TIMING
 scsi_stat_indx:	ds	1			; Track CD-ROM loading speed
-scsi_stat_time:	ds	256			; (cdr_read_bnk & 
+scsi_stat_time:	ds	256			; (cdr_read_bnk &
 	.endif	SUPPORT_TIMING
 
 		.code
@@ -222,7 +225,12 @@ scsi_stat_time:	ds	256			; (cdr_read_bnk &
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ;
-; scsi_handshake - Clock a byte of data onto the SCSI bus.
+; scsi_handshake - Clock a byte of data on the SCSI bus in or out.
+;
+; Used after a SCSI_REQ from the CD-ROM target to acknowledge the data byte
+; sent or received to/from IFU_SCSI_DAT.
+;
+; This is the manual version of using IFU_SCSI_AUTO to read a byte.
 ;
 ; N.B. On a HuCARD, this must be available for cdr_cplay_irq2!
 ;
@@ -377,7 +385,12 @@ cdrom_group	.procgroup
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ;
-; scsi_handshake - Clock a byte of data onto the SCSI bus.
+; scsi_handshake - Clock a byte of data on the SCSI bus in or out.
+;
+; Used after a SCSI_REQ from the CD-ROM target to acknowledge the data byte
+; sent or received to/from IFU_SCSI_DAT.
+;
+; This is the manual version of using IFU_SCSI_AUTO to read a byte.
 ;
 ; On a CDROM, this can be in the same bank as the rest!
 ;
@@ -398,7 +411,7 @@ scsi_handshake:	lda	#SCSI_ACK		; Send SCSI_ACK signal.
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ;
-; scsi_get_phase - As a subroutine this helps provide a delay between reads!
+; scsi_get_phase - As a subroutine to provide deskew delay between reads!
 ;
 
 scsi_get_phase:	lda	IFU_SCSI_FLG
@@ -430,33 +443,49 @@ scsi_delay:	clx				; The inner loop takes 3584
 ;
 ; scsi_initiate - Initiate CD-ROM command.
 ;
+; Normally the CD-ROM is already idle, and the process is simple. But ...
+;
+; When the CD-ROM is already busy processing a command, such as either ADPCM
+; streaming or when there is an existing unfinalized command (which Sherlock
+; Holmes games do all the time), then the current command must be stopped.
+;
+; In that case the PC Engine asserts the SCSI_RST signal and then delays for
+; 30ms in order to give the CD-ROM time to abort its current command.
+;
+; After the abort the CD-ROM could end up in PHASE_STAT_IN or PHASE_COMMAND,
+; and so the PC Engine just ignores any data coming from the CD-ROM until it
+; finally drops the BSY signal and relinquishes the SCSI bus.
+;
 
-scsi_cd_busy:	lda	#IFU_INT_DAT_IN + IFU_INT_MSG_IN
-		trb	IFU_IRQ_MSK		; Disable SCSI phase interrupts.
+scsi_abort:	lda	#IFU_INT_DAT_IN + IFU_INT_MSG_IN
+		trb	IFU_IRQ_MSK		; Just in case previously set.
 
-		sta	IFU_SCSI_CTL		; Set control bits.
+		sta	IFU_SCSI_CTL		; Signal SCSI_RST to stop cmd.
 
 		ldy	#30 * 2			; Wait 30ms.
 		bsr	scsi_delay
 
-		lda	#$FF
-		sta	IFU_SCSI_DAT
+		lda	#$FF			; Send $FF on SCSI bus in case
+		sta	IFU_SCSI_DAT		; the CD reads it as a command.
+
+		tst	#SCSI_REQ, IFU_SCSI_FLG	; Does the CD-ROM want the PCE
+		beq	scsi_initiate		; to send/recv some data?
+
+.flush_data:	jsr	scsi_handshake		; Flush out stale data byte.
 
-		tst	#SCSI_REQ, IFU_SCSI_FLG
-		beq	scsi_initiate
+.still_busy:	tst	#SCSI_REQ, IFU_SCSI_FLG	; Keep on flushing data while
+		bne	.flush_data		; the CD-ROM requests it.
 
-.flush_data:	jsr	scsi_handshake		; Flush out stale data.
+		tst	#SCSI_BSY, IFU_SCSI_FLG	; Wait for the CD-ROM to drop
+		bne	.still_busy		; the SCSI_BSY signal.
 
-.still_busy:	tst	#SCSI_REQ, IFU_SCSI_FLG
-		bne	.flush_data
-		tst	#SCSI_BSY, IFU_SCSI_FLG
-		bne	.still_busy
+		;
 
-scsi_initiate:	bsr	scsi_select_cd		; Acquire the SCSI bus.
-		bcs	scsi_cd_busy
+scsi_initiate:	bsr	scsi_select_cd		; Attempt to select the CD-ROM.
+		bcs	scsi_abort		; Is the CD-ROM already busy?
 
 .test_scsi_bus:	ldy	#18			; Wait for up to 20ms for the
-		clx				; CD-ROM to acknowledge.
+		clx				; CD-ROM to signal SCSI_BSY.
 .wait_scsi_bus:	bsr	scsi_get_phase
 		and	#SCSI_BSY
 		bne	.ready
@@ -481,16 +510,17 @@ scsi_initiate:	bsr	scsi_select_cd		; Acquire the SCSI bus.
 
 scsi_select_cd:	sec
 
-		lda	#$81			; Abridged SCSI device
-		sta	IFU_SCSI_DAT		; selection phase.
+		lda	#$81			; Set the SCSI device ID bits
+		sta	IFU_SCSI_DAT		; for the PCE and the CD-ROM.
+
+		tst	#SCSI_BSY, IFU_SCSI_FLG	; Is the CD-ROM already busy
+		bne	.done			; doing something?
 
-		tst	#SCSI_BSY, IFU_SCSI_FLG	; Is the SCSI bus already
-		bne	.done			; busy?
+		sta	IFU_SCSI_CTL		; Signal SCSI_SEL to CD-ROM.
 
-		sta	IFU_SCSI_CTL		; Magic Number!
 		clc
 
-.done:		rts				; Returns CS if busy.
+.done:		rts				; Returns CS if CD-ROM busy.
 
 
 
@@ -629,8 +659,8 @@ scsi_get_status:cly				; In case no PHASE_STAT_IN!
 .read_mesg:	lda	IFU_SCSI_DAT		; Flush message byte.
 		jsr	scsi_handshake
 
-.wait_exit:	tst	#SCSI_BSY, IFU_SCSI_FLG	; Wait for the CD-ROM to
-		bne	.wait_exit		; release the SCSI bus.
+.wait_exit:	bit	IFU_SCSI_FLG		; Wait for the CD-ROM to
+		bmi	.wait_exit		; release SCSI_BSY.
 
 		tya				; Return status & set flags.
 		rts
@@ -1438,11 +1468,11 @@ cdr_incdec_len:	lda.l	cplay_len_l		; Decrement the ADPCM length.
 
 cdr_cplay_next	.proc
 
-		jsr	scsi_select_cd		; Acquire the SCSI bus.
-		bcs	.finished		; Signal that we've failed!
+		jsr	scsi_select_cd		; Attempt to select the CD-ROM.
+		bcs	.finished		; Is the CD-ROM already busy?
 
 		ldy	#19			; Wait for up to 20ms for the
-		clx				; CD-ROM to acknowledge.
+		clx				; CD-ROM to signal SCSI_BSY.
 .wait_scsi_bus:	jsr	scsi_get_phase
 		and	#SCSI_BSY
 		bne	.proc_scsi_loop

From b2ee452914cbf03d48cabccf0ec1b5ea65beaa05 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Wed, 17 Jan 2024 18:38:53 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 24/40] Update ipl-scd and core-kernel to get around the System
 Card cd_read bug.

---
 examples/asm/elmer/include/core-kernel.asm |  29 +++++++++++----------
 examples/asm/elmer/include/ipl-scd.dat     | Bin 4096 -> 4096 bytes
 examples/asm/elmer/ipl-scd/ipl-scd.asm     |  28 +++++++++++---------
 3 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/core-kernel.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/include/core-kernel.asm
index 71d75964..b2a975c6 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/core-kernel.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/core-kernel.asm
@@ -490,9 +490,9 @@ get_file_info:	sec				; Calculate file length.
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ; ***************************************************************************
 
-exec_overlay:	phx				; Preserve file number.
+exec_overlay:	jsr	core_clr_hooks		; Reset default hooks.
 
-		jsr	core_clr_hooks		; Reset default hooks.
+.retry:		phx				; Preserve file number.
 
 		cla				; Page System Card into MPR7.
 		tam7
@@ -505,16 +505,6 @@ exec_overlay:	phx				; Preserve file number.
 		sta	<_bl
 		stz	<_bh
 
-		tam2				; Reset bank mapping back to
-		inc	a                       ; its "CORE(not TM)" default.
-		tam3
-		inc	a
-		tam4
-		inc	a
-		tam5
-		inc	a
-		tam6
-
 		lda	#6			; Use MPR6 for loading.
 		sta	<_dh
 
@@ -523,9 +513,20 @@ exec_overlay:	phx				; Preserve file number.
 		plx				; Restore file number.
 
 		cmp	#0			; Was there an error?
-		bne	exec_overlay		; Retry forever!
+		bne	.retry			; Retry forever!
+
+.execute_game:	lda	<core_1stbank		; Reset bank mapping back to
+		tam2				; its "CORE(not TM)" default.
+		inc	a			; This is not done earlier to
+		tam3				; avoid the System Card error
+		inc	a			; handling bug which causes a
+		tam4				; cd_read to an MPRn to leave
+		inc	a			; the MPRn value corrupted.
+		tam5
+		inc	a
+		tam6
 
-.execute_game:	jmp	$4000			; Execute the overlay.
+		jmp	$4000			; Execute the overlay.
 
 	.endif	!CDROM
 
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/ipl-scd.dat b/examples/asm/elmer/include/ipl-scd.dat
index e8ee1a305bb93c070edc910de8237153928b7c78..15ee2c41e4710de131edd5faa62eb71867177f13 100644
GIT binary patch
delta 110
zcmV-!0FnQIAb=pSmIxAAAl~4xR3a&VBH#m%OsQy71e3G~GDK&hF@PFF1R7Ha8dDG&
zQy>~sKuiEYtp7F8wW&s;F-Y1VncyIM;2?xCseOg)sWOG_AjC0Zq9C9gAaCHQ0U&AM
Qsa=yC2_69*vpWgH2ITQ6&Hw-a

delta 111
zcmV-#0FeKHAb=pSmIxkKAl~4xQX(mTBH#m%N~vg51R7Ha8dDG&Qy>~sK$EBlGB#zR
zF@OwA06?t&HPFMUM4~ZB+8~+WAba2-f-$Lkh3u&^h3z21F=C=1pd27?;Hd#1Y2c|_
RlO72k0UNVD3Bv{g000%eDQf@#

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/ipl-scd/ipl-scd.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/ipl-scd/ipl-scd.asm
index 6c6a07fc..48bc18b9 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/ipl-scd/ipl-scd.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/ipl-scd/ipl-scd.asm
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 ; A version of Hudson's IPL for the PC Engine SuperCD that is customized
 ; to load homebrew assembly-language CD games that are built using ISOlink.
 ;
-; Copyright John Brandwood 2021.
+; Copyright John Brandwood 2021-2024.
 ;
 ; Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 ; (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ;
-; NOTE: This is not compatible with the current version of HuC!
+; NOTE: This is not compatible with the old 2021 version of HuC!
 ;
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ; ***************************************************************************
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ ipl_scd:	jsr	ex_getver		; Get System Card version.
 
 		jsr	ex_memopen		; Is there any SCD memory?
 		bcs	.not_supercd
-		sax				; Remove internal-or-HuCard
+		sax				; Remove internal-or-HuCARD
 		and	#$7F			; flag bit.
 		sax
 		cpx	#3			; Are there at-least three
@@ -186,15 +186,7 @@ ipl_scd:	jsr	ex_getver		; Get System Card version.
 
 		lda	#$68			; PCEAS code assumes this!
 
-		tam2				; Map SCD RAM banks to
-		inc	a			; replace the CD RAM banks.
-		tam3
-		inc	a
-		tam4
-		inc	a
-		tam5
-		inc	a
-		tam6
+		tam2				; Map the 1st SCD RAM bank.
 
 		ldy	#1			; Load & run the 1st file.
 
@@ -231,7 +223,17 @@ ipl_scd:	jsr	ex_getver		; Get System Card version.
 
 		bra	.report_error
 
-.execute_game:	jmp	$4000			; Execute the game.
+.execute_game:	tma2				; Setup the bank mapping into
+		inc	a			; its "CORE(not TM)" default.
+		tam3				; This is not done earlier to
+		inc	a			; avoid the System Card error
+		tam4				; handling bug which causes a
+		inc	a			; cd_read to an MPRn to leave
+		tam5				; the MPRn value corrupted.
+		inc	a
+		tam6
+
+		jmp	$4000			; Execute the game.
 
 .not_supercd:	ldy	iso_cderr		; Is there an error file
 		bne	.load_file		; to run?

From 7eaf168c76d0b753bbf37b3fc2c30733424c810a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Wed, 17 Jan 2024 19:02:34 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 25/40] Add some suggested HuVIDEO dimensions for different
 frame rates.

---
 examples/asm/elmer/include/movie.asm | 121 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 121 insertions(+)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/movie.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/include/movie.asm
index 4cdec10f..c8178a90 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/movie.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/movie.asm
@@ -78,6 +78,127 @@
 ;
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; Suggested video sizes for new 8-frames-per-second HuVIDEO data streams ...
+;
+;
+;  256x104 (approximately 2.39x1)
+;   32x13 = 416 CHR
+;    $3400 tiles ($0770 bytes-per-tick * 7 -> $3410)
+;    $0200 palettes
+;    $00D0 tile palettes
+;    $03E8 adpcm (1000 bytes, 2000 samples)
+;    $0028 adpcm resync
+;    =
+;    $3AE0 -> $3B00 * 8 -> 118KB/s
+;
+;
+;  224x120 (approximately 16x9)
+;   28x15 = 420 CHR
+;    $3480 tiles ($0780 bytes-per-tick * 7 -> $3480)
+;    $0200 palettes
+;    $00D2 tile palettes
+;    $03E8 adpcm (1000 bytes, 2000 samples)
+;    $0028 adpcm resync
+;    =
+;    $3B62 -> $3C00 * 8 -> 120KB/s
+;
+;
+;  192x144 (approximately 4x3)
+;   24x18 = 432 CHR
+;    $3600 tiles ($07C0 bytes-per-tick * 7 -> $3640)
+;    $0200 palettes
+;    $00D8 tile palettes
+;    $03E8 adpcm (1000 bytes, 2000 samples)
+;    $0028 adpcm resync
+;    =
+;    $3CE8 -> $3D00 * 8 -> 122KB/s
+;
+;
+; Suggested video sizes for new 10-frames-per-second HuVIDEO data streams ...
+;
+;
+;  224x96 (approximately 2.39x1)
+;   28x12 = 336 CHR
+;    $2A00 tiles ($0700 bytes-per-tick * 6 -> $2A00)
+;    $0200 palettes
+;    $00A8 tile palettes
+;    $0320 adpcm (800 bytes, 1600 samples)
+;    $0028 adpcm resync
+;    =
+;    $2FF0 -> $3000 * 10 -> 120KB/s
+;
+;
+;  192x112 (approximately 16x9)
+;   24x14 = 336 CHR
+;    $2A00 tiles ($0700 bytes-per-tick * 6 -> $2A00)
+;    $0200 palettes
+;    $00A8 tile palettes
+;    $0320 adpcm (800 bytes, 1600 samples)
+;    $0028 adpcm resync
+;    =
+;    $2FF0 -> $3000 * 10 -> 120KB/s
+;
+;
+;  176x120 (approximately 4x3)
+;   22x15 = 330 CHR
+;    $2940 tiles ($06E0 bytes-per-tick * 6 -> $2940)
+;    $0200 palettes
+;    $00A5 tile palettes
+;    $0320 adpcm (800 bytes, 1600 samples)
+;    $0028 adpcm resync
+;    =
+;    $2F2D -> $3000 * 10 -> 120KB/s
+;
+;
+; Suggested video sizes for new 12-frames-per-second HuVIDEO data streams ...
+;
+;
+;  208x88 (approximately 2.39x1)
+;   26x11 = 286 CHR
+;    $23C0 tiles ($0730 bytes-per-tick * 5 -> $23F0)
+;    $01E0 palettes **NOTE**
+;    $008F tile palettes
+;    $02A0 adpcm (669 bytes, 1338 samples)
+;    $0028 adpcm resync
+;    =
+;    $28F7 -> $2900 * 12 -> 123KB/s
+;
+;
+;  176x104 (approximately 16x9)
+;   22x13 = 286 CHR
+;    $23C0 tiles ($0730 bytes-per-tick * 5 -> $23F0)
+;    $01E0 palettes **NOTE**
+;    $008F tile palettes
+;    $02A0 adpcm (669 bytes, 1338 samples)
+;    $0028 adpcm resync
+;    =
+;    $28F7 -> $2900 * 12 -> 123KB/s
+;
+;
+;  184x96 (approximately 16x9)
+;   23x12 = 276 CHR
+;    $2280 tiles ($06F0 bytes-per-tick * 5 -> $22B0)
+;    $0200 palettes
+;    $0090 tile palettes
+;    $02A0 adpcm (669 bytes, 1338 samples)
+;    $0028 adpcm resync
+;    =
+;    $27D8 -> $2800 * 12 -> 120KB/s
+;
+;
+;  160x112 (approximately 4x3)
+;   20x14 = 280 CHR
+;    $2300 tiles ($0700 bytes-per-tick * 5 -> $2300)
+;    $0200 palettes
+;    $008C tile palettes
+;    $02A0 adpcm (669 bytes, 1338 samples)
+;    $0028 adpcm resync
+;    =
+;    $2854 -> $2900 * 12 -> 123KB/s
+;
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
 
 ;
 ; Configure Library ...

From 40a717396ff7725bf3ee3fddb6c475c52fda5213 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Thu, 18 Jan 2024 10:34:20 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 26/40] Update System Card patches with a fix for Hudson's
 cd_read_to_MPR bug.

---
 .../elmer/ted2-bios-romcd/syscard3-ted2.inc   | 48 ++++++++++++++-----
 .../asm/elmer/ted2-bios-usbcd/ted2usbcd.asm   |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-bios-romcd/syscard3-ted2.inc b/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-bios-romcd/syscard3-ted2.inc
index c989b274..35fb2f71 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-bios-romcd/syscard3-ted2.inc
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-bios-romcd/syscard3-ted2.inc
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 ;
 ; TURBO-GRAFX / PC-ENGINE SUPER SYSTEM CARD 3.00 PATCH FOR TURBO EVERDRIVE 2
 ;
-; Copyright John Brandwood 2015-2019.
+; Copyright John Brandwood 2015-2024.
 ;
 ; Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 ; (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
 ; 2015-11-24 - Initial Release 3.01
 ; 2019-01-07 - Release 3.02
 ;              Add patch for Dragon Slayer II crash.
+; 2024-01-05 - Release 3.03
+;              Add patch to fix System Card's CD_READ-to-MPR bug.
 ;
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ; ***************************************************************************
@@ -82,12 +84,18 @@ JPN_SYSCARD     =       1
 
                 .incbin "syscard3.jpn.pce"
 
-SCRSIZ_PATCH    =       $e28e
+SCRSIZ_OLDPATCH =       $e28e ; Patch STA $0002 in TED2 v3.02 patch!!!
+SCRSIZ_NEWPATCH =       $e288 ; Patch STA $0000 in TED2 v3.03 patch!!!
+
 MEMOPEN_ADR     =       $fe92
 UNLOCK_TEST     =       $c86b
 MESSAGE_ADR     =       $c9d1
 RUNBOOT_ADR     =       $e206
 
+CDREAD_PATCH    =       $ed8e
+RESTORE_MPRx    =       $ed91
+RETRY_CDREAD    =       $ecf1
+
 SCRSIZ_FUNC     =       $e267 ; bank 0 ; repair this from TED2 v3.01 patch!!!
 HACKINIT_ADR    =       $c887 ; bank 1 ; repair this from TED2 v3.01 patch!!!
 DISPLAY_SUPER   =       $c950
@@ -98,12 +106,18 @@ DISPLAY_SUPER   =       $c950
 
                 .incbin "syscard3.usa.pce"
 
-SCRSIZ_PATCH    =       $e2a7
+SCRSIZ_OLDPATCH =       $e2a7 ; Patch STA $0002 in TED2 v3.02 patch!!!
+SCRSIZ_NEWPATCH =       $e2a1 ; Patch STA $0000 in TED2 v3.03 patch!!!
+
 MEMOPEN_ADR     =       $feab
 UNLOCK_TEST     =       $c86b ; bank 1
 MESSAGE_ADR     =       $c9c4 ; bank 1
 RUNBOOT_ADR     =       $e21f
 
+CDREAD_PATCH    =       $eda7
+RESTORE_MPRx    =       $edaa
+RETRY_CDREAD    =       $ed0a
+
 SCRSIZ_FUNC     =       $e280 ; bank 0 ; repair this from TED2 v3.01 patch!!!
 HACKINIT_ADR    =       $c887 ; bank 1 ; repair this from TED2 v3.01 patch!!!
 DISPLAY_SUPER   =       $c943
@@ -188,13 +202,14 @@ my_ex_memopen:  lda     #$68            ; Return that 192KB of external SCD RAM
                 clc                     ; internal SCD RAM chip.
                 rts
 
-fix_ex_scrsiz:  pha                     ; Repair "Gate of Thunder" damage.
-                lda     #$80
+fix_ex_scrsiz:  sta     $0000           ; Exec ex_scrsiz instr that was patched.
+                lda     #$80            ; Repair "Gate of Thunder" damage.
                 sta     $FFF5
-                pla
-                sta     $0002           ; Exec ex_scrsiz instr that was patched.
                 rts
 
+fix_ex_cdread:  jsr     RESTORE_MPRx    ; Fix Hudson's bug by restoring the old
+                jmp     RETRY_CDREAD    ; MPRx value before the CD_READ retries.
+
 scd_unlock_test:php                     ; Disable interrupts for the next bit.
                 sei
                 lda     #$A5            ; Unlock TED2 registers.
@@ -221,8 +236,11 @@ scd_unlock_test:php                     ; Disable interrupts for the next bit.
                 .org    $e069
                 jmp     SCRSIZ_FUNC
 
-                .org    SCRSIZ_PATCH
-                jmp     fix_ex_scrsiz
+                .org    SCRSIZ_OLDPATCH
+                sta     $0002
+
+                .org    SCRSIZ_NEWPATCH
+                jsr     fix_ex_scrsiz
 
                 ;
                 ; If we're building for a TED2 or 1MB-RAM card then patch the
@@ -248,9 +266,17 @@ scd_unlock_test:php                     ; Disable interrupts for the next bit.
 
                 .bank   0
                 .org    RUNBOOT_ADR
-
                 jsr     fix_bootload    ; Patch System Card's jump to boot loader.
 
+                ;
+                ; Fix Hudson's System Card bug where ex_cdread to an MPR fails
+                ; to restore the original bank before retrying after an error.
+                ;
+
+                .bank   0
+                .org    CDREAD_PATCH
+                jmp     fix_ex_cdread
+
                 ;
                 ; Check if the IPL of the CD (loaded at $3000) matches
                 ; any of the games that need to be fixed.
@@ -358,4 +384,4 @@ fix_dslayer2:   tii     .patch,$2CD1,(.done - .patch)
                 .bank   1
                 .org    MESSAGE_ADR
 
-                .db     "TED2 3.02"
+                .db     "TED2 3.03"
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-bios-usbcd/ted2usbcd.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-bios-usbcd/ted2usbcd.asm
index 4f487820..689bed6a 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-bios-usbcd/ted2usbcd.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-bios-usbcd/ted2usbcd.asm
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ;
-; Apply some extra patches to run an overlay from ROM instead of loading it
+; Apply some extra patches to run an overlay from USB instead of loading it
 ; from the CD, but try to keep the environment as similar as possible.
 ;
 

From b7191396ddb05939e84eff4afb931788ec9724b4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Jan 2024 19:31:45 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 27/40] Add ted2-test-sherlock example project to investigate
 how Sherlock's video works.

---
 .../asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/Makefile     |  20 +
 .../asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/README.txt   |  24 +
 .../asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/SHERLOCK.DAT | Bin 0 -> 196608 bytes
 .../asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/dat2csv.c    | 431 +++++++++++++
 .../ted2-test-sherlock/sherlock-hack.asm      | 595 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../ted2-test-sherlock/sherlock-ted2.asm      | 502 +++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 1572 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 examples/asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/Makefile
 create mode 100644 examples/asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/README.txt
 create mode 100644 examples/asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/SHERLOCK.DAT
 create mode 100644 examples/asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/dat2csv.c
 create mode 100644 examples/asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/sherlock-hack.asm
 create mode 100644 examples/asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/sherlock-ted2.asm

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/Makefile b/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..59597a72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+all: sherlock-hack.ovl sherlock-ted2.ovl dat2csv
+
+include ../Make_ex.inc
+
+ifeq ($(OS),Windows_NT)
+TARGETS += *.exe
+else
+TARGETS += dat2csv
+endif
+
+sherlock-hack.ovl: sherlock-hack.asm sherlock-boot.bin
+	$(AS) -raw -m -l 2 -S -trim sherlock-hack.asm -o sherlock-hack.ovl
+	cp sherlock-hack.ovl /d/retrogamedev/tools/sherlock/
+
+sherlock-ted2.ovl: sherlock-ted2.asm sherlock-hack.ovl
+	$(AS) -newproc -strip -m -l 2 -S -scd -overlay sherlock-ted2.asm
+	cp sherlock-ted2.ovl /d/retrogamedev/tools/sherlock/
+
+dat2csv: dat2csv.c
+	cc dat2csv.c -o dat2csv
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/README.txt b/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/README.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2cd5a7ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/README.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+*****************************************************************************
+Turbo Everdrive V2 "Sherlock Holmes Consulting Detective" (USA) Logfile Hack
+*****************************************************************************
+
+Note: To build this project, you must first put a copy of the CD's boot code
+      into this directory with the filename "sherlock-boot.bin".
+
+      If you have the ability to save binary files from within your emulator
+      software, you can run the game's CD with a breakpoint at address $2A00
+      and then save the memory from $2A00..$81FF as "sherlock-boot.bin".
+
+      If you have the game's CD image dumped as a MODE1/2048 .iso file, then
+      you can extract the file directly from the image itself using "dd" ...
+
+        dd bs=2048 skip=2 count=11 if=<imagefile.iso> of=sherlock-boot.bin
+
+      You can confirm the validity of your file by checking its MD5 value.
+
+      sherlock-boot.bin - MD5: 60aebcac752ba7b39d133c5d45a44d85
+
+      Because you must provide your own file, this project is not built by
+      default, and you must navigate to this directory and "make".
+
+*****************************************************************************
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/SHERLOCK.DAT b/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/SHERLOCK.DAT
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0d619559f615d35af78144519dd5e322daafaa76
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diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/dat2csv.c b/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/dat2csv.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..76af3ef1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/dat2csv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,431 @@
+// **************************************************************************
+// **************************************************************************
+//
+// dat2csv.c
+//
+// Convert the Sherlock logfile from binary to a CSV spreadsheet.
+//
+// Copyright John Brandwood 2024.
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+//  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)y
+//
+// **************************************************************************
+// **************************************************************************
+//
+// This is a simple PC/Linux/MacOS command-line program that takes the 192KB
+// SHERLOCK.DAT data file and converts the event log into a .CSV spreadsheet
+// so that the data is easier for a human to understand.
+//
+// Just run the "dat2csv" program in the same directory as the SHERLOCK.DAT
+// file and it will output the human-readable SHERLOCK.CSV spreadsheet file.
+//
+// **************************************************************************
+// **************************************************************************
+
+//
+// Standard C99 includes, with Visual Studio workarounds.
+//
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+#if defined (_MSC_VER)
+  #include <io.h>
+  #define SSIZE_MAX UINT_MAX
+  #define S_ISREG(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG)
+  #define S_ISDIR(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
+  #define strcasecmp _stricmp
+  #define strncasecmp _strnicmp
+#else
+  #include <unistd.h>
+  #ifndef O_BINARY
+    #define O_BINARY 0
+    #define O_TEXT   0
+  #endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined (_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER < 1600) // i.e. before VS2010
+  #define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
+  #include "msinttypes/stdint.h"
+#else
+  #include <stdint.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined (_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER < 1800) // i.e. before VS2013
+  #define static_assert( test, message )
+  #include "msinttypes/inttypes.h"
+  #include "msinttypes/stdbool.h"
+#else
+  #include <inttypes.h>
+  #include <stdbool.h>
+#endif
+
+
+
+// **************************************************************************
+// **************************************************************************
+//
+// ReadBinaryFile ()
+//
+// Uses POSIX file functions rather than C file functions.
+//
+// Google "FIO19-C" for the reason why.
+//
+// N.B. Will return an error for files larger than 2GB on a 32-bit system.
+//
+
+bool ReadBinaryFile (const char *pName, uint8_t **pBuffer, size_t *pLength)
+{
+  uint8_t *     pData = NULL;
+  off_t         uSize;
+  struct stat   cStat;
+
+  int hFile = open(pName, O_BINARY | O_RDONLY);
+
+  if (hFile == -1)
+    goto errorExit;
+
+  if ((fstat(hFile, &cStat) != 0) || (!S_ISREG(cStat.st_mode)))
+    goto errorExit;
+
+  if (cStat.st_size > SSIZE_MAX)
+    goto errorExit;
+
+  uSize = cStat.st_size;
+
+  pData = (uint8_t *)malloc(uSize);
+
+  if (pData == NULL)
+    goto errorExit;
+
+  if (read(hFile, pData, uSize) != uSize)
+    goto errorExit;
+
+  close(hFile);
+
+  *pBuffer = pData;
+  *pLength = uSize;
+
+  return (true);
+
+  // Handle errors.
+
+errorExit:
+
+  if (pData != NULL) free(pData);
+  if (hFile >= 0) close(hFile);
+
+  *pBuffer = NULL;
+  *pLength = 0;
+
+  return (false);
+}
+
+
+
+// **************************************************************************
+// **************************************************************************
+//
+// main ()
+//
+
+// Data offsets for the information in each logged event.
+
+#define EVENT_TYPE    0
+#define EVENT_TIMER   1
+#define EVENT_BLANK   2
+#define EVENT_FRAME   3
+#define EVENT_TICK    4
+#define EVENT_LEFT    5
+#define EVENT_WRONG   6
+#define EVENT_DELAY   7
+
+// Event types.
+
+#define INFO_VBLANK     1
+
+#define INFO_WAITVBL    2
+
+#define INFO_SCSIRMV    3
+#define INFO_SCSIIDLE   4
+#define INFO_SCSISEND   5
+
+#define INFO_DATAEND    6
+#define INFO_FILLEND    7
+
+#define INFO_SEEK_BEGIN 10
+#define INFO_SEEK_ENDED 11
+
+#define INFO_NOTBUSY    12
+
+#define INFO_SCSI80     0x80u // PHASE_DATA_OUT
+#define INFO_SCSI88     0x88u // PHASE_DATA_IN
+#define INFO_SCSI98     0x98u // PHASE_STAT_IN
+
+#define PHASE_COMMAND   0xD0u // (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + ........ + SCSI_CXD + ........)
+#define PHASE_DATA_OUT  0xC0u // (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + ........ + ........ + ........)
+#define PHASE_DATA_IN   0xC8u // (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + ........ + ........ + SCSI_IXO)
+#define PHASE_STAT_IN   0xD8u // (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + ........ + SCSI_CXD + SCSI_IXO)
+#define PHASE_MESG_OUT  0xF0u // (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + SCSI_MSG + SCSI_CXD + ........)
+#define PHASE_MESG_IN   0xF8u // (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + SCSI_MSG + SCSI_CXD + SCSI_IXO)
+
+#define REQ_DATA_OUT    (0xC0u+1) // (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + ........ + ........ + ........)
+#define REQ_DATA_IN     (0xC8u+1) // (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + ........ + ........ + SCSI_IXO)
+#define REQ_STAT_IN     (0xD8u+1) // (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + ........ + SCSI_CXD + SCSI_IXO)
+
+#define RMV_COMMAND     (0xD0u+2) // (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + ........ + SCSI_CXD + ........)
+#define RMV_DATA_OUT    (0xC0u+2) // (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + ........ + ........ + ........)
+#define RMV_DATA_IN     (0xC8u+2) // (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + ........ + ........ + SCSI_IXO)
+#define RMV_STAT_IN     (0xD8u+2) // (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + ........ + SCSI_CXD + SCSI_IXO)
+#define RMV_MESG_OUT    (0xF0u+2) // (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + SCSI_MSG + SCSI_CXD + ........)
+#define RMV_MESG_IN     (0xF8u+2) // (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + SCSI_MSG + SCSI_CXD + SCSI_IXO)
+
+#define INFO_EXIT       0x7Fu
+
+//
+
+int main ( int argc, char **argv )
+
+{
+  //
+
+  uint8_t * pDatFile;
+  uint8_t * pDatStop;
+  size_t uDatSize;
+
+  FILE * pCsvFile;
+
+  uint8_t * pLog;
+
+  unsigned uLastData;
+  unsigned uThisData;
+
+  unsigned uTimerAdd;
+  unsigned uBlankAdd;
+  unsigned uFrameAdd;
+
+  uint8_t uLastTimer;
+  uint8_t uLastBlank;
+  uint8_t uLastFrame;
+
+  // Sign on.
+
+  printf("dat2csv - Converting SHERLOCK.DAT to SHERLOCK.CSV\n\n");
+
+  // Read the Sherlock data file.
+
+  pDatFile = NULL;
+  uDatSize = 0;
+
+  if (!ReadBinaryFile( "SHERLOCK.DAT", &pDatFile, &uDatSize))
+  {
+    printf("Cannot load SHERLOCK.DAT!\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  pDatStop = pDatFile + uDatSize;
+
+  //
+
+  pCsvFile = NULL;
+
+  if ((pCsvFile = fopen( "SHERLOCK.CSV", "w" )) == NULL)
+  {
+    printf( "Cannot open SHERLOCK.CSV!\n" );
+    exit( 1 );
+  }
+
+  fprintf( pCsvFile, "Timer,Vblank,Frame,Tick,Sectors,Wrong,Delay,Reason\n" );
+
+  //
+
+  uTimerAdd = 0;
+  uBlankAdd = 0;
+  uFrameAdd = 0;
+
+  uLastTimer = 0;
+  uLastBlank = 0;
+  uLastFrame = 0;
+
+  uLastData = 0;
+  uThisData = 0;
+
+  pLog = pDatFile;
+
+  for (pLog = pDatFile; pLog <= (pDatStop - 8); pLog += 8)
+  {
+    // Put a blank line between each frame of video.
+
+    if (uLastFrame != pLog[EVENT_FRAME])
+    {
+      fprintf( pCsvFile, "\n" );
+    }
+
+    // Did any of the byte values just wrap?
+
+    if (uLastTimer > pLog[EVENT_TIMER]) uTimerAdd += 256;
+    if (uLastBlank > pLog[EVENT_BLANK]) uBlankAdd += 256;
+    if (uLastFrame > pLog[EVENT_FRAME]) uFrameAdd += 256;
+
+    uLastTimer = pLog[EVENT_TIMER];
+    uLastBlank = pLog[EVENT_BLANK];
+    uLastFrame = pLog[EVENT_FRAME];
+
+    // Filter out irrelevent VBLANK events.
+
+    if ((pLog[EVENT_TYPE] == INFO_VBLANK) && (pLog[EVENT_DELAY] == 0))
+    {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Output the data values.
+
+    fprintf( pCsvFile, "%d," , uTimerAdd + pLog[EVENT_TIMER] );
+    fprintf( pCsvFile, "%d," , uBlankAdd + pLog[EVENT_BLANK] );
+    fprintf( pCsvFile, "%d," , uFrameAdd + pLog[EVENT_FRAME] );
+    fprintf( pCsvFile, "%d," , (unsigned) pLog[EVENT_TICK] );
+    fprintf( pCsvFile, "%d," , (unsigned) pLog[EVENT_LEFT] );
+    fprintf( pCsvFile, "%d," , (int) *((int8_t *) (pLog + EVENT_WRONG)) );
+    fprintf( pCsvFile, "%d," , (unsigned) pLog[EVENT_DELAY] );
+
+    // Output the event type.
+
+    switch (pLog[EVENT_TYPE])
+    {
+      case INFO_VBLANK:
+        fprintf( pCsvFile, "VBLANK IRQ\n" );
+        break;
+
+      case INFO_WAITVBL:
+        fprintf( pCsvFile, "Send SCSI command; CD-ROM Busy: Wait for VBLANK\n" );
+        break;
+
+      case INFO_SCSIRMV:
+        fprintf( pCsvFile, "Send SCSI command; CD-ROM Busy: Flush byte from queue\n" );
+        break;
+
+      case INFO_SCSIIDLE:
+        fprintf( pCsvFile, "Send SCSI command; CD-ROM Idle: Awaiting command\n" );
+        break;
+
+      case INFO_SCSISEND:
+        fprintf( pCsvFile, "Send SCSI command; CD-ROM Busy: Sending command\n" );
+        break;
+
+      case INFO_DATAEND:
+        fprintf( pCsvFile, "Finished reading Sector\n" );
+        break;
+
+      case INFO_FILLEND:
+        fprintf( pCsvFile, "ADPCM Prefill Completed\n\n" );
+        break;
+
+      case INFO_SEEK_BEGIN:
+        fprintf( pCsvFile, "Movie finished; System Card cd_seek\n" );
+        break;
+
+      case INFO_SEEK_ENDED:
+        fprintf( pCsvFile, "Movie finished; System Card cd_seek completed\n" );
+        break;
+
+      case INFO_NOTBUSY:
+        fprintf( pCsvFile, "Send SCSI command; CD-ROM Idle: Queue flushed\n" );
+        break;
+
+      case INFO_SCSI80:
+        fprintf( pCsvFile, "Send SCSI command; CD-ROM Busy: Got SCSI $80 (PHASE_DATA_OUT without REQ)\n" );
+        break;
+
+      case INFO_SCSI88:
+        fprintf( pCsvFile, "Send SCSI command; CD-ROM Busy: Got SCSI $88 (PHASE_DATA_IN without REQ)\n" );
+        break;
+
+      case INFO_SCSI98:
+        fprintf( pCsvFile, "Send SCSI command; CD-ROM Busy: Got SCSI $98 (PHASE_STAT_IN without REQ)\n" );
+        break;
+
+      case REQ_DATA_OUT:
+        fprintf( pCsvFile, "Send SCSI command; CD-ROM Busy: REQ asserted beginning PHASE_DATA_OUT\n" );
+        break;
+
+      case REQ_DATA_IN:
+        fprintf( pCsvFile, "Send SCSI command; CD-ROM Busy: REQ asserted beginning PHASE_DATA_IN\n" );
+        break;
+
+      case REQ_STAT_IN:
+        fprintf( pCsvFile, "Send SCSI command; CD-ROM Busy: REQ asserted beginning PHASE_STAT_IN\n" );
+        break;
+
+      case RMV_COMMAND:
+        fprintf( pCsvFile, "Send SCSI command; CD-ROM Busy: Flush byte from queue during PHASE_COMMAND\n" );
+        break;
+
+      case RMV_DATA_OUT:
+        fprintf( pCsvFile, "Send SCSI command; CD-ROM Busy: Flush byte from queue during PHASE_DATA_OUT\n" );
+        break;
+
+      case RMV_DATA_IN:
+        fprintf( pCsvFile, "Send SCSI command; CD-ROM Busy: Flush byte from queue during PHASE_DATA_IN\n" );
+        break;
+
+      case RMV_STAT_IN:
+        fprintf( pCsvFile, "Send SCSI command; CD-ROM Busy: Flush byte from queue during PHASE_STAT_IN\n" );
+        break;
+
+      case RMV_MESG_OUT:
+        fprintf( pCsvFile, "Send SCSI command; CD-ROM Busy: Flush byte from queue during PHASE_MESG_OUT\n" );
+        break;
+
+      case RMV_MESG_IN:
+        fprintf( pCsvFile, "Send SCSI command; CD-ROM Busy: Flush byte from queue during PHASE_MESG_IN\n" );
+        break;
+
+      case PHASE_DATA_IN:
+        uThisData = uTimerAdd + pLog[EVENT_TIMER];
+        if ((uThisData - uLastData) > 18)
+        {
+          fprintf( pCsvFile, "Wait for next Sector; Got SCSI PHASE_DATA_IN; %dms since last sector!\n", uThisData - uLastData );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+          fprintf( pCsvFile, "Wait for next Sector; Got SCSI PHASE_DATA_IN\n" );
+        }
+        uLastData = uThisData;
+        break;
+
+      case PHASE_STAT_IN:
+        fprintf( pCsvFile, "Wait for next Sector; Got SCSI PHASE_STAT_IN\n" );
+        break;
+
+      case INFO_EXIT:
+        fprintf( pCsvFile, "Movie finished!\n" );
+        break;
+
+      default:
+        printf( "Unknown event type 0x%2X in data!\n", pLog[EVENT_TYPE] );
+        fprintf( pCsvFile, "Unknown event type 0x%2X in data!\n", pLog[EVENT_TYPE] );
+        fclose( pCsvFile );
+        exit( 1 );
+    }
+
+    if (pLog[EVENT_TYPE] == INFO_EXIT) break;
+  }
+
+  fclose( pCsvFile );
+
+  //
+
+  printf( "Finished writing SHERLOCK.CSV\n" );
+
+  return( 0 );
+}
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/sherlock-hack.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/sherlock-hack.asm
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..43fd3661
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/sherlock-hack.asm
@@ -0,0 +1,595 @@
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; sherlock-hack.asm
+;
+; This patches the "Sherlock Holmes Consulting Detective" executable code to
+; add a 1ms timer and a lot of event-logging to unused SuperCD memory banks.
+;
+; A copy of Sherlock's executable code must exist in this directory with the
+; filename "sherlock-boot.bin". (Size = 22,528 bytes with CRC32 = $35AE4D73)
+;
+; Copyright John Brandwood 2024.
+;
+; Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+; (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+;  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+;
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; If you are using an emulator, then you can run the game normally but put a
+; breakpoint at address $2A00.
+;
+; When the breakpoint is hit, just load "sherlock-hack.ovl" at $2A00 and run
+; the code.
+;
+; Sherlock's introductory movie should immediately play, with a log of event
+; information being written to banks $6A..$81.
+;
+; When the movie has completed, the game will hang on the next screen, which
+; allows you to enter your emulator's debugger and save the contents of bank
+; $6A..$81 ($0D4000..$103FFF physical) as the SHERLOCK.DAT file.
+;
+; Then run the "dat2csv" program in the same directory as the SHERLOCK.DAT
+; file and it will output the human-readable SHERLOCK.CSV spreadsheet file.
+;
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; Use the original Sherlock Holmes boot program as a base for testing.
+;
+
+		include	"pcengine.inc"
+
+		.bank	0			; Bank $F8 at $2000-$3FFF.
+		.page	1
+
+		.bank	1			; Bank $82 at $4000-$5FFF.
+		.page	2
+
+		.bank	2			; Bank $83 at $6000-$7FFF.
+		.page	3
+
+		.bank	3			; Bank $84 at $8000-$9FFF.
+		.page	4
+
+		.org	$8000			; Sherlock loads $2A00-$81FF.
+		ds	$0A00			; Clear space to $89FF.
+
+		.bank	0
+		.org	$2A00
+        	incbin	"sherlock-boot.bin"	; Load 11 sector boot code.
+
+		;
+		; Sherlock's internal playback variables.
+		;
+
+which_screen	=	$F8:2008		; $00=VRAM $0800, $FF=VRAM $1CA0
+sector_counter	=	$F8:2009		; #vram sectors left to read
+sectors_remain	=	$F8:200A		; #sectors left to read in SCSI read command, send new SCSI when 0.
+		;
+video_wrong	=	$F8:200D		; cumulative #ticks playback is out
+frame_wrong	=	$F8:200E		; #ticks taken this frame - 6 (nominal playback #ticks taken)
+delay_ticks	=	$F8:200F		; #ticks to delay (if video is running too fast)
+
+tick_count	=	$F8:2026		; reset at the start of every video frame
+
+frame_num_lo	=	$F8:2047		; current movie frame number
+frame_num_hi	=	$F8:2048		;
+
+movie_lba_l	=	$F8:26CA
+movie_lba_m	=	$F8:26CB
+movie_lba_h	=	$F8:26CC
+
+		;
+		; Use previously-unused locations in Sherlock for instrumentation.
+		;
+
+timer_val	=	$F8:20C0
+info_addr	=	$F8:20C1
+
+		;
+		;
+		;
+
+INFO_VBLANK	=	1
+
+INFO_WAITVBL	=	2
+
+INFO_SCSIRMV	=	3
+INFO_SCSIIDLE	=	4
+INFO_SCSISEND	=	5
+
+INFO_DATAEND	=	6
+INFO_FILLEND	=	7
+
+INFO_SEEK_BEGIN	=	10
+INFO_SEEK_ENDED	=	11
+
+INFO_NOTBUSY	=	12
+
+INFO_SCSI80	=	$80	; PHASE_DATA_OUT (CD-ROM uses this after a command is received)
+INFO_SCSI88	=	$88	; PHASE_DATA_IN
+INFO_SCSI98	=	$98	; PHASE_STAT_IN
+
+;PHASE_COMMAND	=	$D0	; (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + ........ + SCSI_CXD + ........)
+;PHASE_DATA_OUT	=	$C0	; (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + ........ + ........ + ........)
+;PHASE_DATA_IN	=	$C8	; (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + ........ + ........ + SCSI_IXO)
+;PHASE_STAT_IN	=	$D8	; (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + ........ + SCSI_CXD + SCSI_IXO)
+;PHASE_MESG_OUT	=	$F0	; (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + SCSI_MSG + SCSI_CXD + ........)
+;PHASE_MESG_IN	=	$F8	; (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + SCSI_MSG + SCSI_CXD + SCSI_IXO)
+
+;REQ_DATA_OUT	=	($C0+1)	; (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + ........ + ........ + ........)
+;REQ_DATA_IN	=	($C8+1)	; (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + ........ + ........ + SCSI_IXO)
+;REQ_STAT_IN	=	($D8+1)	; (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + ........ + SCSI_CXD + SCSI_IXO)
+
+;RMV_COMMAND	=	($D0+2)	; (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + ........ + SCSI_CXD + ........)
+;RMV_DATA_OUT	=	($C0+2)	; (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + ........ + ........ + ........)
+;RMV_DATA_IN	=	($C8+2)	; (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + ........ + ........ + SCSI_IXO)
+;RMV_STAT_IN	=	($D8+2)	; (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + ........ + SCSI_CXD + SCSI_IXO)
+;RMV_MESG_OUT	=	($F0+2)	; (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + SCSI_MSG + SCSI_CXD + ........)
+;RMV_MESG_IN	=	($F8+2)	; (SCSI_BSY + SCSI_REQ + SCSI_MSG + SCSI_CXD + SCSI_IXO)
+
+INFO_EXIT	=	$7F
+
+		;
+		; Hack Sherlock's code to add the instrumentation.
+		;
+
+		.list
+		.mlist
+
+		.bank	0
+
+		.org	$2A29			; Disable System Card joypad.
+		ora	#$30
+
+		.org	$2A54			; Replace joypad read with tracking.
+		jsr	track_vbl
+
+		.org	$2B8B			; Start intro video and recording
+		jmp	hijack_start		; when the game code executes.
+
+		.bank	2
+
+		.org	$7A10			; Stop recording when the video ends.
+		jmp	hijack_end
+
+		;
+		; play_movie() routine, after movie has completed
+		;
+
+		.bank	0
+		.org	$328D
+		jsr	begin_seek
+
+		.org	$3290
+		jsr	ended_seek
+
+		;
+		; finish_movie()
+		;
+
+		.bank	0
+		.org	$31CE
+		jsr	start_recording
+
+		;
+		; scsi_send_cmd() and scsi_next_cmd()
+		;
+
+		.bank	0
+		.org	$3ECE
+		jsr	delay_next_read
+
+		.org	$3EF6
+		jsr	scsi_flush_byte
+
+		.org	$3F07
+		jsr	scsi_is_idle
+
+		.org	$3F1D
+		jsr	scsi_cmd_out
+
+		.org	$3F4D
+		jsr	scsi_cmd_end
+
+		.org	$3F6F
+		jsr	scsi_got_req
+
+		;
+		; play_movie_loop()
+		;
+
+		.bank	0
+		.org	$3FCE
+		jsr	end_then_wait
+
+		.org	$3FF7
+		jsr	end_then_wait
+
+		.bank	1
+		.org	$40C9
+		jsr	end_of_frame
+
+		.org	$41BF
+		jsr	end_then_wait
+
+		.org	$42A2
+		jmp	scsi_got_phase
+
+		;
+		; prefill_adpcm()
+		;
+
+		.bank	1
+		.org	$43F9
+		jsr	end_then_wait
+
+		.org	$43FE
+		jmp	prefill_end
+
+		;
+		; There is LOTS of unused space at the end of the Sherlock code.
+		;
+
+		.bank	2
+		.org	$7C80
+
+		;
+		; 1ms timer interrupt.
+		;
+
+timer_irq:	stz	IRQ_ACK			; Clear timer interrupt.
+		inc	<timer_val
+		rti
+
+		;
+		;
+		;
+
+hijack_start:	lda	#$6A			; Initialize the bank and
+		tam6				; location for the recording.
+		stz.l	<info_addr
+		stz.h	<info_addr		; Disable recording (for now).
+
+		lda.l	#timer_irq		; Initialize the 1ms timer.
+		sta.l	timer_hook
+		lda.h	#timer_irq
+		sta.h	timer_hook
+		smb2	<irq_vec
+		stz	IRQ_ACK
+		stz	TIMER_CR
+		lda	#7-1			; 7 -> 7144 cycles -> 1.00124457ms
+		sta	TIMER_DR
+
+		jmp	$2DA0			; Play intro video at boot.
+
+		;
+		;
+		;
+
+start_recording:stz	irq_cnt			; Reset IRQ count.
+		lda.h	#$C000			; Start recording now.
+		sta.h	<info_addr
+		lda	#1			; Start timer now.
+		sta	TIMER_CR
+
+		jmp	$4415
+
+		;
+		;
+		;
+
+hijack_end:	lda	#INFO_EXIT		; Mark the end of the movie.
+		jsr	track_event
+
+		stz.h	<info_addr		; Disable recording.
+
+		lda	#$68			; Is there a SuperCD program
+		tam6				; loaded to execute now?
+		lda	$C000
+		cmp	#$4C			; Look for a JMP instruction.
+
+!:		bne	!-			; Just hang if nothing to run.
+
+goto_ted2:	sei
+		ldx	#$FF
+		txs
+		stz	TIMER_CR
+		stz	IRQ_ACK
+		rmb2	<irq_vec
+
+		tii	ram_goto_ted2, $2100, len_goto_ted2
+		jmp	$2100
+
+ram_goto_ted2:	lda	#$68
+		tam2
+		tam7
+		inc	a
+		tam3
+		inc	a
+		tam4
+		inc	a
+		tam5
+		inc	a
+		tam6
+		jmp	[$FFFC]			; Execute NMI vector.
+
+len_goto_ted2	=	* - ram_goto_ted2
+
+		;
+		; Log interesting events.
+		;
+
+		;	********
+
+delay_next_read:lda	#INFO_WAITVBL
+		jsr	track_event
+		jmp	ex_vsync
+
+		;	********
+
+scsi_got_phase:	sta	$26C1
+		jmp	track_event
+
+		;	********
+
+end_of_frame:	jsr	$436E			; read_adpcm
+		lda	#INFO_DATAEND
+		jmp	track_event
+
+		;	********
+
+prefill_end:	jsr	end_data_phase
+		lda	#INFO_FILLEND
+		jmp	track_event
+
+		;	********
+
+end_data_phase:	lda	#INFO_DATAEND
+		jmp	track_event
+
+		;	********
+
+end_then_wait:	jsr	end_data_phase
+		jmp	$428B
+
+		;	********
+
+scsi_flush_byte:lda	IFU_SCSI_FLG
+		and	#$F8
+		inc	a
+		inc	a
+		jsr	track_event
+		jmp	$4401
+
+		;	********
+
+scsi_is_idle:	sta	IFU_SCSI_CTL
+		lda	#INFO_SCSIIDLE
+		jmp	track_event
+
+		;	********
+
+scsi_cmd_out:	stz	$26C1
+		lda	#INFO_SCSISEND
+		jmp	track_event
+
+		;	********
+
+scsi_cmd_end:	jsr	track_event
+		lda	$26BF
+		rts
+
+		;	********
+
+scsi_got_req:	sta	$26C1
+		bit	#$40
+		beq	!+
+		pha
+		ora	#1
+		jsr	track_event
+		pla
+!:		rts
+
+		;	********
+
+begin_seek:	jsr	scsi_initiate		; Added to see how CD behaves!
+
+		lda	#INFO_SEEK_BEGIN
+		jsr	track_event
+		jmp	$E00C
+
+		;	********
+
+ended_seek:	lda	#INFO_SEEK_ENDED
+		jsr	track_event
+		jmp	$33f8
+
+		;	********
+
+		;
+		;
+		;
+
+track_vbl:	lda	#INFO_VBLANK		; INFO+0
+
+track_event:	php
+		sei
+		pha
+		phy
+
+		ldy.h	<info_addr		; Are we recording?
+		beq	done_info
+		sta	[info_addr]
+
+		ldy	#1
+		lda.l	<timer_val		; INFO+1
+		sta	[info_addr], y
+		iny
+		lda	irq_cnt			; INFO+2
+		sta	[info_addr], y
+		iny
+		lda	<frame_num_lo		; INFO+3
+		sta	[info_addr], y
+		iny
+		lda	<tick_count		; INFO+4
+		sta	[info_addr], y
+		iny
+		lda	<sectors_remain		; INFO+5
+		sta	[info_addr], y
+		iny
+		lda	<video_wrong		; INFO+6
+		sta	[info_addr], y
+		iny
+		lda	<delay_ticks		; INFO+7
+		sta	[info_addr], y
+
+next_info:	clc				; Next info slot.
+		lda.l	<info_addr
+		adc	#8
+		sta.l	<info_addr
+		bcc	done_info
+
+		inc	<info_addr + 1		; Reached $E000?
+		bbr5	<info_addr + 1, done_info
+
+		rmb5	<info_addr + 1		; Reset to $C000.
+		tma6
+		inc	a
+		tam6
+		cmp	#$82
+		bcc	done_info		; Bank $82?
+		stz.h	<info_addr		; Stop recording!
+
+done_info:	ply
+		pla
+		plp
+		rts		
+
+		;		
+		;		
+		;		
+
+	.if	1
+
+		;
+		; This is the SCSI initialization code from cdrom.asm ripped
+		; and included here so that we can see just how the PCE's CD
+		; responds to an abort while in the middle of a read command.
+		;
+		; This is called when Sherlock has finished playing the intro
+		; movie and just before it calls the System Card's cd_seek to
+		; abort the movie's final cd_read command.
+		;
+
+IFU_SCSI_CTL	= $FF:1800	; _W : SCSI control signals out.
+IFU_SCSI_FLG	= $FF:1800	; R_ : SCSI control signals in.
+IFU_SCSI_DAT	= $FF:1801	; RW : SCSI data bus.
+
+IFU_SCSI_ACK	= $FF:1802	; RW : Top bit of IFU_IRQ_MSK!
+IFU_IRQ_MSK	= $FF:1802	; RW : Interrupt mask, 0=disabled.
+
+IFU_IRQ_FLG	= $FF:1803	; R_ : Interrupt flags.
+
+SCSI_MSK	=	$F8	; IFU_SCSI_FLG
+SCSI_BSY	=	$80	; IFU_SCSI_FLG Bus is Busy or Free
+SCSI_REQ	=	$40	; IFU_SCSI_FLG Target Requests next Xfer
+
+SCSI_ACK	=	$80	; IFU_IRQ_MSK
+
+		;	********
+
+scsi_handshake:	lda	#SCSI_ACK		; Send SCSI_ACK signal.
+		tsb	IFU_SCSI_ACK
+
+!:		tst	#SCSI_REQ, IFU_SCSI_FLG	; Wait for drive to clear
+		bne	!-			; the SCSI_REQ signal.
+
+		trb	IFU_SCSI_ACK		; Clear SCSI_ACK signal.
+		rts
+
+		;	********
+
+scsi_get_phase:	lda	IFU_SCSI_FLG
+		and	#SCSI_MSK
+		rts
+
+		;	********
+
+scsi_abort:	lda	#IFU_INT_DAT_IN + IFU_INT_MSG_IN
+		trb	IFU_IRQ_MSK		; Just in case previously set.
+
+		sta	IFU_SCSI_CTL		; Signal SCSI_RST to stop cmd.
+
+		ldy	#30 * 2			; Wait 30ms.
+		clx				; The inner loop takes 3584
+.wait_500us:	sxy				; cycles, which is almost a
+		sxy				; perfect 500 microseconds!
+		nop
+		dex
+		bne	.wait_500us
+		dey
+		bne	.wait_500us
+
+		lda	#$FF			; Send $FF on SCSI bus in case
+		sta	IFU_SCSI_DAT		; the CD reads it as a command.
+
+		tst	#SCSI_REQ, IFU_SCSI_FLG	; Does the CD-ROM want the PCE
+		beq	scsi_initiate		; to send/recv some data?
+
+.flush_data:	lda	IFU_SCSI_FLG		; Report the current state.
+		and	#$F8
+		inc	a
+		inc	a
+		jsr	track_event
+
+		jsr	scsi_handshake		; Flush out stale data byte.
+
+.still_busy:	tst	#SCSI_REQ, IFU_SCSI_FLG	; Keep on flushing data while
+		bne	.flush_data		; the CD-ROM requests it.
+
+		tst	#SCSI_BSY, IFU_SCSI_FLG	; Wait for the CD-ROM to drop
+		bne	.still_busy		; the SCSI_BSY signal.
+
+		lda	#INFO_NOTBUSY		; Report when the CD-ROM is
+		jsr	track_event		; finally idle.
+
+scsi_initiate:	lda	#$81			; Set the SCSI device ID bits
+		sta	IFU_SCSI_DAT		; for the PCE and the CD-ROM.
+
+		tst	#SCSI_BSY, IFU_SCSI_FLG	; Is the CD-ROM already busy
+		bne	scsi_abort		; doing something?
+
+		sta	IFU_SCSI_CTL		; Signal SCSI_SEL to CD-ROM.
+
+.test_scsi_bus:	ldy	#18			; Wait for up to 20ms for the
+		clx				; CD-ROM to signal SCSI_BSY.
+.wait_scsi_bus:	bsr	scsi_get_phase
+		and	#SCSI_BSY
+		bne	.ready
+		dex
+		bne	.wait_scsi_bus
+		dey
+		bne	.wait_scsi_bus
+
+		; Timeout, try again.
+
+		bra	scsi_initiate
+
+.ready:		rts
+
+		;	********
+
+		;
+		;
+		;
+
+	.endif
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/sherlock-ted2.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/sherlock-ted2.asm
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e8e07bd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/ted2-test-sherlock/sherlock-ted2.asm
@@ -0,0 +1,502 @@
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; sherlock-ted2.asm
+;
+; Wrapper for sherlock-hack.asm to save the results to the TED2 afterwards.
+;
+; Copyright John Brandwood 2024.
+;
+; Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+; (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+;  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+;
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; This is a SuperCD overlay program that contains Sherlock's hacked CD game
+; code so that Sherlock's intro video can be profiled and logged on a Turbo
+; Everdrive v2, with the log then written to the file /TBED/SHERLOCK.DAT on
+; the Everdrive's SDcard.
+;
+; The file /TBED/SHERLOCK.DAT *must* already exist on the SDcard before you
+; can run this program (copy the one in this directory to your SDcard)!
+;
+; To use this program ...
+;
+; 1) Put the US release of the "Sherlock Holmes Consulting Detective" CD in
+;    your PC Engine's CD-ROM drive.
+;
+; 2) Use your Turbo Everdrive's USB uploader software to upload and run the
+;    modified "ted2usbcd.pce" System Card image to your PC Engine.
+;    This is a hacked System Card that uploads a CD overlay through USB.
+;    Please see the "../ted2-bios-usbcd" directory for how to create it.
+;
+; 3) After "ted2usbcd.pce" has initialized the CD it will prompt you to use
+;    your Turbo Everdrive's USB uploader software to upload a CD overlay.
+;    Upload the "sherlock-ted2.ovl".
+;
+; 4) Sherlock's intro movie will play, and then the data will be saved over
+;    the current contents of the /TBED/SHERLOCK.DAT file on your SDcard.
+;    You can confirm that the data was saved correctly by comparing the CRC
+;    values displayed on the screen.
+;
+; 5) Turn off the PC Engine and copy the SHERLOCK.DAT file from SDcard onto
+;    your PC.
+;
+; 6) Run the "dat2csv" program in this directory to convert SHERLOCK.DAT to
+;    a human-readable SHERLOCK.CSV spreadsheet file.
+;
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+
+		;
+		; Create some equates for a very generic VRAM layout, with a
+		; 64*32 BAT, followed by the SAT, then followed by the tiles
+		; for the ASCII character set.
+		;
+		; This uses the first 8KBytes of VRAM ($0000-$0FFF).
+		;
+
+BAT_LINE	=	64
+BAT_SIZE	=	64 * 32
+SAT_ADDR	=	BAT_SIZE		; SAT takes 16 tiles of VRAM.
+CHR_ZERO	=	BAT_SIZE / 16		; 1st tile # after the BAT.
+CHR_0x10	=	CHR_ZERO + 16		; 1st tile # after the SAT.
+CHR_0x20	=	CHR_ZERO + 32		; ASCII ' ' CHR tile #.
+
+		;
+		; Include the library, reading the project's configuration
+		; settings from the local "core-config.inc", if it exists.
+		;
+
+		include "core.inc"		; Basic includes.
+
+		.list
+		.mlist
+
+		include	"common.asm"		; Common helpers.
+		include	"vdc.asm"		; Useful VDC routines.
+		include	"font.asm"		; Useful font routines.
+		include	"ted2.asm"		; TED2 hardware routines.
+		include	"crc32.asm"		; CRC32 routines.
+		include	"tty.asm"		; Useful TTY print routines.
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; Constants and Variables.
+;
+
+		.bss
+
+crc_value:	ds	4			; CRC of OS.PCE
+
+		.code
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; core_main - This is executed after "CORE(not TM)" library initialization.
+;
+; This is the first code assembled after the library includes, so we're still
+; in the CORE_BANK, usually ".bank 0"; and because this is assembled with the
+; default configuration from "include/core-config.inc", which sets the option
+; "USING_MPR7", then we're running in MPR7 ($E000-$FFFF).
+;
+
+		.code
+
+SAVED_PC	.set	*			; Remember core_main address.
+
+		.org	$FFFC			; Overwrite CORE NMI vector
+		dw	main_nmi		; which is normally unused.
+
+		.org	SAVED_PC		; Restore core_main address.
+
+		;
+		; Execute Sherlock's game code now.
+		;
+
+core_main:	lda	#$6A			; Results stored in
+		tam6				; bank $6A..$81
+
+		lda	$C000			; Has the Sherlock
+		cmp	#$FF			; code already run?
+		bne	main_save
+
+		sei				; The log data is cleared
+		ldx	#$FF			; so exec Sherlock's code
+		txs				; to create the log data.
+
+		lda	#$81			; Copy Sherlock's
+		tam2				; code to bank $F8.
+		tii	$4A00, $2A00, $4000 - $2A00
+
+		lda	#$FF			; Clear the Sherlock code
+		sta	$4A00			; out of bank $81.
+		tii	$4A00, $4A01, $6000 - $4A01
+
+		tii	ram_goto_game, $2100, len_goto_game
+		jmp	$2100
+
+ram_goto_game:	lda	#$82
+		tam2
+		inc	a
+		tam3
+		inc	a
+		tam4
+		inc	a
+		tam5
+		inc	a
+		tam6
+		cla
+		tam7
+		bit	VDC_SR
+		cli
+		jmp	$2A00			; Execute game code.
+
+len_goto_game	=	* - ram_goto_game
+
+		;
+		; Sherlock's video has finished, so it executes this program's
+		; NMI vector to return control here so we can save the results.
+		;
+
+main_nmi:	stz	core_ram1st		; Clean restart CORE kernel.
+		jmp	core_boot
+
+		;
+		; Sherlock's video has finished, so now do a normal startup and
+		; then save the results to SDcard.
+		;
+
+main_save:	; Turn the display off and initialize the screen mode.
+
+		call	init_512x224		; Initialize VDC & VRAM.
+
+		; Upload the font to VRAM.
+
+		stz	<_di + 0		; Destination VRAM address.
+		lda	#>(CHR_0x10 * 16)
+		sta	<_di + 1
+
+		lda	#$FF			; Put font in colors 4-7,
+		sta	<_al			; so bitplane 2 = $FF and
+		stz	<_ah			; bitplane 3 = $00.
+
+		lda	#16 + 96		; 16 box graphics + 96 ASCII.
+		sta	<_bl
+
+		lda	#<my_font		; Address of font data.
+		sta	<_bp + 0
+		lda	#>my_font
+		sta	<_bp + 1
+		ldy	#^my_font
+
+		call	dropfnt8x8_vdc		; Upload font to VRAM.
+
+		; Upload the palette data to the VCE.
+
+		stz	<_al			; Start at palette 0 (BG).
+		lda	#1			; Copy 1 palette of 16 colors.
+		sta	<_ah
+		lda	#<cpc464_colors		; Set the ptr to the palette
+		sta	<_bp + 0		; data.
+		lda	#>cpc464_colors
+		sta	<_bp + 1
+		ldy	#^cpc464_colors
+		call	load_palettes		; Add to the palette queue.
+
+		call	xfer_palettes		; Transfer queue to VCE now.
+
+		; Turn on the BG & SPR layers, then wait for a soft-reset.
+
+		call	set_dspon		; Enable background.
+
+		call	wait_vsync		; Wait for vsync.
+
+		; Reset the CD-ROM, because Sherlock leaves it in a mess!
+
+		system	cd_reset
+
+		; Save Sherlock's log data to the SDcard.
+
+		jsr	save_data		;
+
+		; Wait for user to reboot.
+
+		lda	ted2_unlocked		; If running on a TED2, then
+		bne	.hang_usb		; allow for a USB upload.
+
+.hang:		call	wait_vsync		; Wait for vsync, or xfer.
+
+		bra	.hang			; Wait for user to reboot.
+
+.hang_usb:	call	wait_vsync_usb		; Wait for vsync, or xfer.
+
+		bra	.hang_usb		; Wait for user to reboot.
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; save_data - Save the data in memory to /TBED/SHERLOCK.DAT on the SDcard
+;
+
+LOG_BANK	=	$6A
+LOG_SIZE	=	($82 - $6A) * $2000
+
+save_data:	PRINTF	"\x1B<\eP0\eXL1\nInitializing Turbo Everdrive v2.\n"
+
+		; Unlock the TED2 hardware, which takes over bank $00.
+
+		call	unlock_ted2		; Unlock the TED2 hardware.
+		beq	.ted2_ok
+
+.ted2_fail:	PRINTF	"Turbo Everdrive v2 not found!\n"
+		jmp	.finished
+
+.ted2_ok:	PRINTF	"Turbo Everdrive v2 found and unlocked!\n"
+
+		; Checksum the log data.
+
+		PRINTF	"Calculating CRC32 of data.\n"
+
+		call	init_crc32		; Initialize the CRC32 tables.
+
+		lda.l	#LOG_SIZE
+		sta.l	<_ax			; L-byte of #bytes to checksum.
+		lda.h	#LOG_SIZE
+		sta.h	<_ax			; M-byte of #bytes to checksum.
+		lda	#LOG_SIZE >> 16
+		sta	<_ax + 2		; H-byte of #bytes to checksum. 
+		stz.l	<_bp			; Checksum the log data.
+		lda	#$60
+		sta.h	<_bp
+		ldy	#LOG_BANK
+		call	calc_crc32		; Calculate the CRC32.
+
+		tii	_cx, crc_value, 4
+
+		PRINTF	"The CRC32 of the data is $%0lx.\n\n", crc_value
+
+		; Initialize and mount the SDcard.
+
+		PRINTF	"Initializing SD card.\n"
+
+		call	f32_mount_vol		; Mount the SDcard FAT-32.
+		beq	.fat32_ok
+
+.fat32_fail:	PRINTF	"FAT32 parition not found!\n"
+		jmp	.finished
+
+.fat32_ok:	PRINTF	"FAT32 parition mounted.\n\n"
+
+		; Select "/TBED/" directory.
+
+		PRINTF	"Selecting SDcard /TBED/ directory.\n"
+
+		call	f32_select_root		; Start back at the root.
+		bne	.cd_fail
+
+		lda	#<.dirname		; Locate the 'TBED' folder.
+		sta.l	<_bp
+		lda	#>.dirname
+		sta.h	<_bp
+		ldy	#^.dirname
+		call	f32_find_name
+		bne	.cd_fail
+
+		call	f32_change_dir		; Select the directory.
+		beq	.cd_ok
+
+.cd_fail:	PRINTF	"Directory change failed!\n"
+		jmp	.finished
+
+.dirname:	db	"TBED",0
+
+.cd_ok:		PRINTF	"Directory selected.\n"
+
+		; Open the "SHERLOCK.DAT" file.
+
+		PRINTF	"Writing file /TBED/SHERLOCK.DAT from memory.\n"
+
+		lda	#<.filename		; Locate the file.
+		sta.l	<_bp
+		lda	#>.filename
+		sta.h	<_bp
+		ldy	#^.filename
+		call	f32_find_name		; Locate the named file in
+		bne	.write_fail		; the current directory.
+
+		call	f32_open_file		; Open the file, after which
+		bne	.write_fail		; f32_cache_buf free for use!
+
+		; Overwrite the "SHERLOCK.DAT" file from memory.
+
+		lda.l	#LOG_SIZE / 512		; Or look at f32_file_length!
+		sta.l	<_ax			; Lo-byte of # blocks in file.
+		lda.h	#LOG_SIZE / 512
+		sta.h	<_ax			; Hi-byte of # blocks in file.
+
+		lda	#LOG_BANK		; First unused bank, reported
+		tam3				; by PCEAS!
+		stz.l	<_bx			; Save from MPR3, which will
+		lda.h	#$6000			; autoincrement the bank# as
+		sta.h	<_bx			; necessary.
+
+		call	f32_file_write		; Write the file from memory.
+		bne	.write_fail
+
+		call	f32_close_file		; Close the file & set N & Z.
+		beq	.write_ok
+
+.write_fail:	pha				; Preserve error code.
+		call	f32_close_file		; Close the file & set N & Z.
+
+		PRINTF	"File write failed!\n"
+		pla				; Restore error code.
+		jmp	.finished
+
+.write_ok:	PRINTF	"File write complete.\n"
+
+		; Open the "SHERLOCK.DAT" file.
+
+		PRINTF	"Reading file /TBED/SHERLOCK.DAT into memory.\n"
+
+		lda	#<.filename		; Locate the file.
+		sta.l	<_bp
+		lda	#>.filename
+		sta.h	<_bp
+		ldy	#^.filename
+		call	f32_find_name		; Locate the named file in
+		bne	.read_fail		; the current directory.
+
+		call	f32_open_file		; Open the file, after which
+		bne	.read_fail		; f32_cache_buf free for use!
+
+		; Read the "SHERLOCK.DAT" file into memory.
+
+		lda.l	#LOG_SIZE / 512		; Or look at f32_file_length!
+		sta.l	<_ax			; Lo-byte of # blocks in file.
+		lda.h	#LOG_SIZE / 512
+		sta.h	<_ax			; Hi-byte of # blocks in file.
+
+		lda	#$40			; Read file into TED2 memory.
+		tam3
+		stz.l	<_bx			; Load into MPR3, which will
+		lda	#$60			; autoincrement the bank# as
+		sta.h	<_bx			; necessary.
+
+		call	f32_file_read		; Read the file into memory.
+		bne	.read_fail
+
+		call	f32_close_file		; Close the file & set N & Z.
+		beq	.read_ok
+
+.read_fail:	pha				; Preserve error code.
+		call	f32_close_file		; Close the file & set N & Z.
+
+		PRINTF	"File read failed!\n"
+		pla				; Restore error code.
+		jmp	.finished
+
+.filename:	db	"SHERLOCK.DAT",0
+
+.read_ok:	PRINTF	"File read complete.\n"
+
+		; Checksum the log file.
+
+		PRINTF	"Calculating CRC32 of file.\n"
+
+		call	init_crc32		; Initialize the CRC32 tables.
+
+		lda.l	#LOG_SIZE
+		sta.l	<_ax			; L-byte of #bytes to checksum.
+		lda.h	#LOG_SIZE
+		sta.h	<_ax			; M-byte of #bytes to checksum.
+		lda	#LOG_SIZE >> 16
+		sta	<_ax + 2		; H-byte of #bytes to checksum. 
+		stz.l	<_bp			; Checksum 32KB from $6000.
+		lda	#$60
+		sta.h	<_bp
+		ldy	#$40			; Test file from TED2 memory.
+		call	calc_crc32		; Calculate the CRC32.
+
+		tii	_cx, crc_value, 4
+
+		PRINTF	"The CRC32 of the file is $%0lx.\n\n", crc_value
+
+		; All Done!
+
+.finished:	rts
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; The "CORE(not TM)" library initializes .DATA, so we don't do it again!
+;
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+
+		.data
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; cpc464_colors - Palette data (a blast-from-the-past!)
+;
+; Note: DEFPAL palette data is in RGB format, 4-bits per value.
+; Note: Packed palette data is in GRB format, 3-bits per value.
+;
+;  $0 = transparent
+;  $1 = dark blue shadow
+;  $2 = white font
+;
+;  $4 = dark blue background
+;  $5 = light blue shadow
+;  $6 = yellow font
+;
+
+none		=	$000
+
+		align	2
+
+cpc464_colors:	defpal	$000,$001,$662,none,$002,$114,$551,none
+		defpal	none,none,none,none,none,none,none,none
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; It's the font data, nothing exciting to see here!
+;
+
+my_font:	incbin	"font8x8-ascii-bold-short.dat"
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; Finally, include the hacked Sherlock CD boot-program image in the correct
+; bank/address so that it can be executed just by paging it in to memory.
+;
+
+		.bank	$81 - $68		; Sherlock runs in bank $81.
+
+		.org	$2A00
+		incbin	"sherlock-hack.ovl"
+
+		ds	$2000 - (* & $1FFF)	; Clear to end of bank.

From ac6753fa179531bb8023d8243d8f4572673b9d97 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Tue, 23 Jan 2024 10:08:50 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 28/40] Allow .BANK/.PAGE/.ORG within a .PROC if not in a .CODE
 section. .PROC already allows changing (temporarily) to .DATA/.BSS, this adds
 more flexibility for defining data within a procedure.

---
 src/mkit/as/command.c | 12 ++++++------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/mkit/as/command.c b/src/mkit/as/command.c
index 0e5abf6b..6a4365f2 100644
--- a/src/mkit/as/command.c
+++ b/src/mkit/as/command.c
@@ -747,8 +747,8 @@ void
 do_page(int *ip)
 {
 	/* not allowed in procs */
-	if (proc_ptr) {
-		fatal_error("PAGE can not be changed in procs!");
+	if (proc_ptr && (section == S_CODE)) {
+		fatal_error("Code PAGE can not be changed within a .proc!");
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -812,8 +812,8 @@ do_org(int *ip)
 	case S_CODE:
 	case S_DATA:
 		/* not allowed in procs */
-		if (proc_ptr) {
-			fatal_error("ORG can not be changed in procs!");
+		if (proc_ptr && (section == S_CODE)) {
+			fatal_error("Code ORG can not be changed within a .proc!");
 			return;
 		}
 
@@ -855,8 +855,8 @@ do_bank(int *ip)
 	char name[128];
 
 	/* not allowed in procs */
-	if (proc_ptr) {
-		fatal_error("Bank can not be changed in procs!");
+	if (proc_ptr && (section == S_CODE)) {
+		fatal_error("Code BANK can not be changed within a .proc!");
 		return;
 	}
 

From b8edc7481cf0533932c928674c686e6c73d41345 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Jan 2024 18:57:36 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 29/40] Fix missing dependencies in a couple of Makefiles.

---
 examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-2stage/Makefile        | 2 +-
 examples/asm/elmer/scd-core-2stage-error/Makefile | 4 ++--
 examples/asm/elmer/scd-core-2stage/Makefile       | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-2stage/Makefile b/examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-2stage/Makefile
index 2b16c454..a673db58 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-2stage/Makefile
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-2stage/Makefile
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ AFLAGS ?= -newproc -strip -m -l 2 -S -overlay
 SRC1_INC = pceas.inc pcengine.inc core.inc core-startup.asm core-kernel.asm joypad.asm
 SRC1_OVL = core-stage1.asm core-config.inc
 
-SRC2_INC = pceas.inc pcengine.inc core.inc core-startup.asm core-kernel.asm joypad.asm
+SRC2_INC = pceas.inc pcengine.inc core.inc core-startup.asm core-kernel.asm joypad.asm unpack-zx0.asm
 SRC2_OVL = stage2.asm core-config.inc
 
 SRC_ISO  = core-stage1.bin stage2.ovl
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/scd-core-2stage-error/Makefile b/examples/asm/elmer/scd-core-2stage-error/Makefile
index b718d3f1..b1b8aab0 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/scd-core-2stage-error/Makefile
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/scd-core-2stage-error/Makefile
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ AFLAGS ?= -newproc -strip -m -l 2 -S -overlay
 SRC1_INC = pceas.inc pcengine.inc core.inc core-startup.asm core-kernel.asm joypad.asm
 SRC1_OVL = core-stage1.asm core-config.inc
 
-SRC2_INC = pceas.inc pcengine.inc core.inc core-startup.asm core-kernel.asm joypad.asm
+SRC2_INC = pceas.inc pcengine.inc core.inc core-startup.asm core-kernel.asm joypad.asm unpack-zx0.asm
 SRC2_OVL = stage2.asm core-config.inc
 
-ERR_INC = pceas.inc pcengine.inc core.inc core-startup.asm core-kernel.asm joypad.asm
+ERR_INC = pceas.inc pcengine.inc core.inc core-startup.asm core-kernel.asm joypad.asm unpack-zx0.asm
 ERR_OVL = error.asm core-config.inc saz_vdc.zx0 saz_vce.zx0
 
 SRC_ISO  = core-stage1.bin stage2.ovl
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/scd-core-2stage/Makefile b/examples/asm/elmer/scd-core-2stage/Makefile
index 3d0b8339..8fa52eaa 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/scd-core-2stage/Makefile
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/scd-core-2stage/Makefile
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ AFLAGS ?= -newproc -strip -m -l 2 -S -overlay
 SRC1_INC = pceas.inc pcengine.inc core.inc core-startup.asm core-kernel.asm joypad.asm
 SRC1_OVL = core-stage1.asm core-config.inc
 
-SRC2_INC = pceas.inc pcengine.inc core.inc core-startup.asm core-kernel.asm joypad.asm
+SRC2_INC = pceas.inc pcengine.inc core.inc core-startup.asm core-kernel.asm joypad.asm unpack-zx0.asm
 SRC2_OVL = stage2.asm core-config.inc
 
 SRC_ISO  = core-stage1.bin stage2.ovl

From 5b48461a93ca82b43fc2e000bd073f49e67e9dbd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Jan 2024 18:58:36 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 30/40] More tiny cleanups in cdrom.asm

---
 examples/asm/elmer/include/cdrom.asm | 43 +++++-----------------------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/cdrom.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/include/cdrom.asm
index c7696648..57225aa3 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/cdrom.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/cdrom.asm
@@ -325,8 +325,7 @@ cdr_cplay_irq2:	pha
 .got_int_stop:	lda	#IFU_INT_END		; Disable IFU_INT_END.
 		trb	IFU_IRQ_MSK
 
-		lda	#$01			; Disable IRQ2 vector.
-		trb	<irq_vec
+		rmb0	<irq_vec		; Disable IRQ2 vector.
 
 		stz	cplay_playing		; Signal ADPCM finished.
 		bra	.irq2_done
@@ -452,7 +451,7 @@ scsi_delay:	clx				; The inner loop takes 3584
 ; In that case the PC Engine asserts the SCSI_RST signal and then delays for
 ; 30ms in order to give the CD-ROM time to abort its current command.
 ;
-; After the abort the CD-ROM could end up in PHASE_STAT_IN or PHASE_COMMAND,
+; After the abort the CD-ROM could end up in PHASE_COMMAND or PHASE_STAT_IN,
 ; and so the PC Engine just ignores any data coming from the CD-ROM until it
 ; finally drops the BSY signal and relinquishes the SCSI bus.
 ;
@@ -462,14 +461,14 @@ scsi_abort:	lda	#IFU_INT_DAT_IN + IFU_INT_MSG_IN
 
 		sta	IFU_SCSI_CTL		; Signal SCSI_RST to stop cmd.
 
-		ldy	#30 * 2			; Wait 30ms.
-		bsr	scsi_delay
+		ldy	#30 * 2			; Wait 30ms, get PHASE_COMMAND
+		bsr	scsi_delay		; or PHASE_STAT_IN as response.
 
 		lda	#$FF			; Send $FF on SCSI bus in case
 		sta	IFU_SCSI_DAT		; the CD reads it as a command.
 
 		tst	#SCSI_REQ, IFU_SCSI_FLG	; Does the CD-ROM want the PCE
-		beq	scsi_initiate		; to send/recv some data?
+		beq	scsi_initiate		; to send/recv a byte of data?
 
 .flush_data:	jsr	scsi_handshake		; Flush out stale data byte.
 
@@ -621,8 +620,6 @@ scsi_send_cmd:	clx
 ; Returns: Y,Z-flag,N-flag = CDSTS_GOOD ($00) or an error code.
 ;
 
-	.if	1
-
 scsi_get_status:ldy	IFU_SCSI_DAT		; Read status code.
 		jsr	scsi_handshake
 
@@ -641,32 +638,6 @@ scsi_get_status:ldy	IFU_SCSI_DAT		; Read status code.
 		tya				; Return status & set flags.
 		rts
 
-	.else
-
-scsi_get_status:cly				; In case no PHASE_STAT_IN!
-
-.wait_mesg:	jsr	scsi_get_phase		; Do the final phases of the
-		cmp	#PHASE_STAT_IN		; SCSI transaction sequence.
-		beq	.read_status
-		cmp	#PHASE_MESG_IN
-		beq	.read_mesg
-		bra	.wait_mesg
-
-.read_status:	ldy	IFU_SCSI_DAT		; Read status code.
-		jsr	scsi_handshake
-		bra	.wait_mesg
-
-.read_mesg:	lda	IFU_SCSI_DAT		; Flush message byte.
-		jsr	scsi_handshake
-
-.wait_exit:	bit	IFU_SCSI_FLG		; Wait for the CD-ROM to
-		bmi	.wait_exit		; release SCSI_BSY.
-
-		tya				; Return status & set flags.
-		rts
-
-	.endif
-
 
 
 ; ***************************************************************************
@@ -879,7 +850,7 @@ cdr_read_ram	.proc
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ;
-; cdr_read_bnk - with BNK memory as destination (like CD_READ to RAM).
+; cdr_read_bnk - with BNK memory as destination (like CD_READ to BNK).
 ;
 ; Returns: Y,Z-flag,N-flag = $00 or an error code.
 ;
@@ -2106,4 +2077,4 @@ cdr_dinfo	.proc
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ; ***************************************************************************
 
-		.endprocgroup
+		.endprocgroup			; cdrom_group

From 425d941d16f68f77fdcdc503ecf538fb07a42d30 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Jan 2024 18:59:24 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 31/40] Add some more comments on register usage in common.asm

---
 examples/asm/elmer/include/common.asm | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/common.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/include/common.asm
index 1ffe527b..37107c02 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/common.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/common.asm
@@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ wait_nvsync:	bsr	wait_vsync		; # of VBLANK IRQs to wait in
 ; banks, with the 2nd bank having no specific relation to the 1st, there
 ; is no way to deal with a bank-increment, so do not map that region.
 ;
+; N.B. Library code relies on this preserving X!
+;
 
 set_bp_to_mpr3:	lda.h	<_bp			; Do not remap a ptr to RAM,
 		cmp	#$60			; which is $2000-$5FFF.
@@ -93,6 +95,8 @@ set_bp_to_mpr34:lda.h	<_bp			; Do not remap a ptr to RAM,
 ;
 ; Increment the hi-byte of _bp and change TMA3 if necessary.
 ;
+; N.B. Library code relies on this preserving A,X,Y!
+;
 
 inc.h_bp_mpr3:	inc.h	<_bp			; Increment hi-byte of _bp.
 		bpl	!+			; OK if within MPR0-MPR3.
@@ -111,6 +115,8 @@ inc.h_bp_mpr3:	inc.h	<_bp			; Increment hi-byte of _bp.
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ;
 ; Increment the hi-byte of _bp and change TMA3 and TMA4 if necessary.
+;
+; N.B. Library code relies on this preserving A,X,Y!
 ;
 
 	.if	1				; Save memory, for now.

From 04e6e422bf639e61189857a3755c718dceae2fe2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Jan 2024 19:00:34 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 32/40] Change tty.asm to use the MPR3 banking subroutine for
 consistency.

---
 examples/asm/elmer/include/tty.asm | 8 ++------
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/tty.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/include/tty.asm
index c9cd2af1..052dea50 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/tty.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/tty.asm
@@ -297,13 +297,9 @@ tty_printf_huc	.proc				; HuC entry point.
 		tma3				; Preserve MPR3.
 		pha
 
-		tya				; Map farptr to MPR3.
-		beq	!+
-		tam3
-		inc	a
-		tam4
+		jsr	set_bp_to_mpr34		; Map farptr to MPR3 & MPR4.
 
-!:		stz	tty_xyok		; Make sure VRAM addr is set!
+		stz	tty_xyok		; Make sure VRAM addr is set!
 
 		lda	[_bp]			; Get string length from the
 		inc	a			; PASCAL-format string, the

From 1ae2c91ffbe6e4c5d22aad4796507ca5a9c36c57 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Jan 2024 19:01:50 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 33/40] Fix stupid typo in pcengine.inc

---
 examples/asm/elmer/include/pcengine.inc | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/pcengine.inc b/examples/asm/elmer/include/pcengine.inc
index 37029011..a8b030e2 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/pcengine.inc
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/pcengine.inc
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ IFU_AUDIO_FADE	= $FF:180F	; RW : IFU audio fade control/status.
 IFU_BRAM_LOCK	= $FF:1803	; _W :
 IFU_BRAM_UNLOCK	= $FF:1807	; _W :
 
-; IFU interrupt bits in IFU_IRQ_CTL/IFU_IRQ_FLG
+; IFU interrupt bits in IFU_IRQ_MSK/IFU_IRQ_FLG
 
 IFU_INT_HALF	= $04		; Set if ADPCM LENGTH <= $7FFF.
 IFU_INT_END	= $08		; Set if ADPCM LENGTH == 0 (when ADPCM_AUTO).

From 8e63ff1d4bdfc256ecb08400eaf5f3489f39639f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Jan 2024 19:07:52 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 34/40] Add cd-core-scsitest example project investigating how
 the CD-ROM works.

---
 examples/asm/elmer/Makefile                   |    3 +-
 examples/asm/elmer/README.md                  |    3 +
 examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-scsitest/Makefile  |   19 +
 .../elmer/cd-core-scsitest/core-scsitest.cue  |    3 +
 .../asm/elmer/cd-core-scsitest/scsitest.asm   | 1636 +++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 1663 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-scsitest/Makefile
 create mode 100644 examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-scsitest/core-scsitest.cue
 create mode 100644 examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-scsitest/scsitest.asm

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/Makefile b/examples/asm/elmer/Makefile
index 73e40439..43726863 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/Makefile
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/Makefile
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ PREREQS = ipl-scd
 SUBDIRS = rom-bare-buftest rom-bare-mwrtest rom-bare-rcrtest rom-bare-tiatest \
           rom-core-hello rom-core-okitest \
           scd-bios-hello scd-bios-hello-error \
-          cd-core-1stage cd-core-2stage scd-core-1stage scd-core-1stage-error \
+          cd-core-1stage cd-core-2stage cd-core-scsitest \
+          scd-core-1stage scd-core-1stage-error \
           scd-core-2stage scd-core-2stage-error scd-core-fastcd \
           rom-kickc-hello rom-kickc-shmup ted2-core-hwdetect ted2-core-sdcard \
           ted2-core-gulliver
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/README.md b/examples/asm/elmer/README.md
index b8e1424d..5b1b163a 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/README.md
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/README.md
@@ -53,6 +53,9 @@ The "CORE(not TM)" PC Engine library is a small and configurable set of library
 * cd-core-2stage
   - A simple example of creating an ISO for a CD-ROM, and loading the "CORE(not TM)" kernel code in a startup overlay.
 
+* cd-core-scsitest
+  - A CD-ROM and a HuCARD for testing some low-level details of the PC Engine's SCSI CD-ROM behavior.
+
 * scd-core-1stage
   - A simple example of creating an ISO for a Super CD-ROM, and loading the "CORE(not TM)" kernel code from the overlay program.
 
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-scsitest/Makefile b/examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-scsitest/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f24643fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-scsitest/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+all: core-scsitest.iso scsitest.pce
+
+include ../Make_ex.inc
+
+AFLAGS ?= -newproc -strip -m -l 2 -S
+
+SRC_INC = pceas.inc pcengine.inc core.inc core-startup.asm core-kernel.asm joypad.asm adpcm.asm cdrom.asm
+SRC_OVL = scsitest.asm core-config.inc
+
+SRC_ISO = scsitest.ovl ../data/alice.vdc ../data/alice.ram ../data/umbrella-16k.vox
+
+core-scsitest.iso: $(SRC_ISO)
+	$(IL) core-scsitest.iso -ipl="test-CD CD-ROM2",0x4000,0x4000,0,1,2,3,4 -asm $(SRC_ISO)
+
+scsitest.ovl: $(SRC_OVL) $(SRC_INC) scsitest.pce
+	$(AS) $(AFLAGS) -cd -overlay scsitest.asm
+
+scsitest.pce: $(SRC_OVL) $(SRC_INC)
+	$(AS) $(AFLAGS) scsitest.asm
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-scsitest/core-scsitest.cue b/examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-scsitest/core-scsitest.cue
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5652adee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-scsitest/core-scsitest.cue
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+FILE core-scsitest.iso BINARY
+  TRACK 01 MODE1/2048
+    INDEX 01 00:00:00
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-scsitest/scsitest.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-scsitest/scsitest.asm
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..28981cd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-scsitest/scsitest.asm
@@ -0,0 +1,1636 @@
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; scsitest.asm
+;
+; Testing program to investigate the PC Engine's SCSI CD-ROM behavior.
+;
+; This could be used by emulator authors to compare a real PCE vs emulation.
+;
+; Copyright John Brandwood 2024.
+;
+; Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+; (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+;  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+;
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; When running on a HuCARD the setup is standard for the CORE library.
+;
+; The PC Engine's memory map is set to ...
+;
+;   MPR0 = bank $FF : PCE hardware
+;   MPR1 = bank $F8 : PCE RAM with Stack & ZP
+;   MPR2 = bank $00 : HuCard ROM
+;   MPR3 = bank $01 : HuCard ROM
+;   MPR4 = bank $02 : HuCard ROM
+;   MPR5 = bank $03 : HuCard ROM
+;   MPR6 = bank $xx : HuCard ROM banked ASM library procedures.
+;   MPR7 = bank $00 : HuCard ROM with "CORE(not TM)" kernel and IRQ vectors.
+;
+; If it is running on an old CD-ROM2 System the overlay is loaded from the
+; ISO into banks $80-$87 (64KB max).
+;
+; The PC Engine's memory map is set to ...
+;
+;   MPR0 = bank $FF : PCE hardware
+;   MPR1 = bank $F8 : PCE RAM with Stack & ZP & "CORE(not TM)" kernel
+;   MPR2 = bank $80 : CD RAM
+;   MPR3 = bank $81 : CD RAM
+;   MPR4 = bank $82 : CD RAM
+;   MPR5 = bank $83 : CD RAM
+;   MPR6 = bank $84 : CD RAM
+;   MPR6 = bank $xx : CD RAM banked ASM library procedures.
+;   MPR7 = bank $80 : CD RAM or System Card's bank $00
+;
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+
+
+		;
+		; Create some equates for a very generic VRAM layout, with a
+		; 64*32 BAT, followed by the SAT, then followed by the tiles
+		; for the ASCII character set.
+		;
+		; This uses the first 8KBytes of VRAM ($0000-$0FFF).
+		;
+
+BAT_LINE	=	64
+BAT_SIZE	=	64 * 32
+SAT_ADDR	=	BAT_SIZE		; SAT takes 16 tiles of VRAM.
+CHR_ZERO	=	BAT_SIZE / 16		; 1st tile # after the BAT.
+CHR_0x10	=	CHR_ZERO + 16		; 1st tile # after the SAT.
+CHR_0x20	=	CHR_ZERO + 32		; ASCII ' ' CHR tile #.
+
+		;
+		; Include the library, reading the project's configuration
+		; settings from the local "core-config.inc", if it exists.
+		;
+
+		include "core.inc"		; Basic includes.
+
+		.list
+		.mlist
+
+		include	"common.asm"		; Common helpers.
+		include	"vdc.asm"		; Useful VDC routines.
+		include	"font.asm"		; Useful font routines.
+		include	"tty.asm"		; Useful TTY print routines.
+		include	"cdrom.asm"		; Fast CD-ROM routines.
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; Constants and Variables.
+;
+
+		.zp
+
+timer_val:	ds	2
+data_relative:	ds	1			; $80=DATA_IN clears timer.
+
+		.bss
+
+		; Display variables.
+
+count_was:	ds	2
+timer_was:	ds	2
+text_message:	ds	80
+
+retry_count:	ds	2
+
+lba_top:	ds	1
+lba_add:	ds	1
+
+		; Hacks to the CD-ROM test_read() to create bad behavior.
+		;
+		; Neither the System Card nor Hudson's "fast" code ever do
+		; stupid things like these, but all the Sherlock Holmes CD
+		; games rely on this behavior.
+		;
+
+exit_on_data:	ds	1			; Exit cd_read early?
+exit_on_stat:	ds	1			; Exit cd_read early?
+exit_on_mesg:	ds	1			; Exit cd_read early?
+
+delay_data:	ds	1			; Add delay after DATA_IN?
+
+		.code
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; core_main - This is executed after "CORE(not TM)" library initialization.
+;
+; This is the first code assembled after the library includes, so we're still
+; in the CORE_BANK, usually ".bank 0"; and because this is assembled with the
+; default configuration from "include/core-config.inc", which sets the option
+; "USING_MPR7", then we're running in MPR7 ($E000-$FFFF).
+;
+
+		.code
+
+core_main:	; Turn the display off and initialize the screen mode.
+
+		call	init_512x224		; Initialize VDC & VRAM.
+
+		; Upload the font to VRAM.
+
+		stz	<_di + 0		; Destination VRAM address.
+		lda	#>(CHR_0x10 * 16)
+		sta	<_di + 1
+
+		lda	#$FF			; Put font in colors 4-7,
+		sta	<_al			; so bitplane 2 = $FF and
+		stz	<_ah			; bitplane 3 = $00.
+
+		lda	#16 + 96		; 16 box graphics + 96 ASCII.
+		sta	<_bl
+
+		lda	#<my_font		; Address of font data.
+		sta	<_bp + 0
+		lda	#>my_font
+		sta	<_bp + 1
+		ldy	#^my_font
+
+		call	dropfntbox_vdc		; Upload font to VRAM.
+
+		; Upload the 8x8 font to VRAM in colors 0-3, with box tiles
+		; using colors 4-7.
+		;
+		; Thus we call dropfntbox_vdc() instead of dropfnt8x8_vdc()!
+
+		stz	<_di + 0		; Destination VRAM address.
+		lda	#>(CHR_0x10 * 16)
+		sta	<_di + 1
+
+		lda	#$FF			; Put font in colors 4-7,
+		sta	<_al			; so bitplane 2 = $FF and
+		stz	<_ah			; bitplane 3 = $00.
+
+		lda	#16 + 96		; 16 graphics + 96 ASCII.
+		sta	<_bl
+
+		lda	#<my_font		; Address of font data.
+		sta	<_bp + 0
+		lda	#>my_font
+		sta	<_bp + 1
+		ldy	#^my_font
+
+		call	dropfnt8x8_vdc		; Upload font to VRAM.
+
+		; Upload the palette data to the VCE.
+
+		stz	<_al			; Start at palette 0 (BG).
+		lda	#3			; Copy 3 palettes of 16 colors.
+		sta	<_ah
+		lda	#<cpc464_colors		; Set the ptr to the palette
+		sta.l	<_bp			; data.
+		lda	#>cpc464_colors
+		sta.h	<_bp
+		ldy	#^cpc464_colors
+		call	load_palettes		; Add to the palette queue.
+
+		; Turn on the BG & SPR layers, then wait for a soft-reset.
+
+		setvec	vsync_hook, .vblank_irq	; Enable vsync_hook.
+		smb4	<irq_vec
+
+		call	set_bgon		; Enable background.
+
+		call	wait_vsync		; Wait for vsync.
+
+		; Initialize the timer.
+
+		tii	timer_code, timer_irq, timer_len
+
+		stz	TIMER_CR		; Reset timer hardware.
+		stz	IRQ_ACK
+		stz	TIMER_DR		; 0 -> 1024 cycles -> 143.034939us
+
+		lda.l	#timer_irq		; Install timer_irq vector.
+		sta.l	timer_hook
+		lda.h	#timer_irq
+		sta.h	timer_hook
+		smb2	<irq_vec		; Enable timer_hook.
+
+		; Reset the TTY.
+
+		PRINTF	"\e<\eP0\eXL1\eYT1\n"
+
+		; Give the CD-ROM hardware a little time to wake up.
+
+		ldy	#30			; Wait for CD drive to get
+		call	wait_nvsync		; stable after power-on.
+
+		; Run tests until the user reboots.
+
+.main_loop:	jsr	test_number1
+		jsr	test_number2
+		jsr	test_number3
+		jsr	test_number4
+		jsr	test_number5
+		jsr	test_number6
+		jsr	test_number7
+		jsr	test_number8
+		jsr	test_number9
+		jsr	test_number10
+		jsr	test_number11
+
+		PRINTF	"\fAll tests completed!\n\nExecuting CD_RESET to stop the CD.\n\n"
+		call	cdr_reset
+		jsr	test_finished
+
+		jmp	.main_loop
+
+		; Simple VBLANK IRQ handler for the CORE library.
+
+.vblank_irq:	cli				; Allow RCR and TIMER IRQ.
+		jmp	xfer_palettes		; Transfer queue to VCE now.
+
+		;
+		; 1024-cycle timer interrupt.
+		;
+
+timer_code:	stz	IRQ_ACK			; Clear timer interrupt.
+		inc.l	<timer_val
+		bne	!+
+		inc.h	<timer_val
+!:		rti
+
+timer_len	=	* - timer_code
+
+		.bss				; Run the timer code in RAM
+timer_irq:	ds	timer_len		; because this bank is gone
+		.code				; during System Card calls.
+
+		;
+		; Clear timer value.
+		;
+
+clear_timer:	stz	TIMER_CR
+		lda	#1
+		stz.l	<timer_val
+		stz.h	<timer_val
+		sta	TIMER_CR
+		rts
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; Event logging code, data and macro.
+;
+
+		; Circular buffer for log entries.
+
+		.bss
+logtbl_tag:	ds	256			; Tag# of entry.
+logtbl_flg:	ds	256			; IFU_SCSI_FLG.
+logtbl_rlo:	ds	256			; Count lo-byte.
+logtbl_rhi:	ds	256			; Count hi-byte.
+logtbl_tlo:	ds	256			; Timer lo-byte.
+logtbl_thi:	ds	256			; Timer hi-byte.
+		.zp
+log_entry:	ds	1			; Input offset.
+log_print:	ds	1			; Output offset.
+		.code
+
+		; Add an event to the log.
+
+log_flg:	lda	IFU_SCSI_FLG
+log_tag:	php
+		sei
+		nop
+		ldx	<log_entry
+
+		say
+		cmp	logtbl_tag, x
+		say
+		bne	.unique
+		cmp	logtbl_flg, x
+		bne	.unique
+
+.repeated:	inc	logtbl_rlo, x
+		bne	!+
+		inc	logtbl_rhi, x
+		bra	!+
+
+.unique:	inx
+		stx	<log_entry
+		sta	logtbl_flg, x
+		tya
+		sta	logtbl_tag, x
+		stz	logtbl_rlo, x
+		stz	logtbl_rhi, x
+
+!:		lda.l	<timer_val
+		sta	logtbl_tlo, x
+		lda.h	<timer_val
+		sta	logtbl_thi, x
+		plp
+		rts
+
+		; Table of event tag strings to be printed.
+
+MAX_TAGS	=	64
+
+tagtbl_lo:	ds	MAX_TAGS
+tagtbl_hi:	ds	MAX_TAGS
+tagtbl_bk:	ds	MAX_TAGS
+
+tag_number	.set	-1			; Next TAG will be 0.
+
+		;
+		; Macro to create a tag string and add a log entry.
+		;
+
+TAG		.macro
+tag_number	.set	tag_number + 1
+	.if	(tag_number >= MAX_TAGS)
+		.fail	Too many TAGs, increase MAX_TAGS!
+	.endif
+		.data
+!string:	db	(!end+ - !string-)	; PASCAL-style string.
+		db	\1
+!end:		db	0
+SAVED_BANK	.set	bank(*) - _bank_base	; Remember data bank.
+SAVED_ADDR	.set	*			; Remember data addr.
+		.bank	CORE_BANK
+		.org	tagtbl_lo + tag_number
+		db	<!string-
+		.org	tagtbl_hi + tag_number
+		db	>!string-
+		.org	tagtbl_bk + tag_number
+		db	^!string-
+		.bank	SAVED_BANK		; Restore data bank.
+		.org	SAVED_ADDR		; Restore data addr.
+		.code
+		.endm
+
+TAG_FLG		.macro
+		TAG	\1
+		ldy	#tag_number
+		jsr	log_flg
+		.endm
+
+TAG_A		.macro
+		TAG	\1
+		ldy	#tag_number
+		jsr	log_tag
+		.endm
+
+		;
+		; Clear the current log entries.
+		;
+
+clear_log:	php
+		sei
+		nop
+		stz	<log_entry
+		stz	<log_print
+		lda	#$FF
+		sta	logtbl_tag
+		plp
+		rts
+
+		;
+		; Display the current log entries.
+		;
+
+print_log	.proc
+
+.next:		ldx	<log_print
+		cpx	<log_entry
+		bcc	.show
+
+.exit:		jsr	clear_log
+
+		inc	tty_ypos		; End with a blank line.
+
+		leave
+
+.show:		inx
+		stx	<log_print
+
+		lda	tty_ypos		; Stop at end of screen.
+		cmp	#28
+		bcs	.next
+
+		lda	logtbl_rlo, x
+		sta.l	count_was
+		lda	logtbl_rhi, x
+		sta.h	count_was
+		lda	logtbl_tlo, x
+		sta.l	timer_was
+		lda	logtbl_thi, x
+		sta.h	timer_was
+		lda	logtbl_flg, x
+		pha
+
+		lda	logtbl_tag, x		; Print the tag string.
+		tax
+		lda	tagtbl_lo, x
+		sta.l	<_bp
+		lda	tagtbl_hi, x
+		sta.h	<_bp
+		ldy	tagtbl_bk, x
+		call	tty_printf_huc
+
+		lda.l	count_was		; Only repeated once?
+		ora.h	count_was
+		beq	.unique
+		
+.repeated:	inc.l	count_was		; Increment the count
+		bne	!+			; for display.
+		inc.h	count_was
+!:		PRINTF	" \eP1(repeated %d times)\eP0", count_was
+
+.unique:	PRINTF	"\n"
+
+		pla
+		and	#SCSI_MSK
+		pha
+		sta	<_temp
+
+		clx
+		cly
+
+.bit_loop:	phy
+		asl	<_temp
+		bcs	!+
+		ldy	#.nul - .bsy
+
+!:		lda	.bsy, y
+		sta	text_message, x
+		inx
+		iny
+		lda	.bsy, y
+		sta	text_message, x
+		inx
+		iny
+		lda	.bsy, y
+		sta	text_message, x
+		inx
+		lda	#'-'
+		sta	text_message, x
+		inx
+
+		pla
+		clc
+		adc	#3
+		tay
+		cmp	#.nul - .bsy
+		bcc	.bit_loop
+
+		dex
+
+		ldy	#8
+		pla
+		bpl	!+
+
+		ldy	#9
+		cmp	#$C0
+		bcc	!+
+
+		lsr	a
+		lsr	a
+		lsr	a
+		and	#7
+		tay
+!:		lda	.table, y
+		tay
+
+.phase_loop:	lda	.data_out, y
+		sta	text_message, x
+		beq	!+
+		inx
+		iny
+		bra	.phase_loop
+
+!:		PRINTF	" \eP2Timer = %5u, SCSI flags = %s\eP0\n", timer_was, text_message
+
+		jmp	.next
+
+.bsy:		db	"BSY"
+.req:		db	"REQ"
+.msg:		db	"MSG"
+.csd:		db	"CSD"
+.ixo:		db	"IXO"
+.nul:		db	"---"
+
+.table:		db	.data_out - .data_out	; 0
+		db	.data_in  - .data_out	; 1
+		db	.command  - .data_out	; 2
+		db	.stat_in  - .data_out	; 3
+		db	.invalid  - .data_out	; 4
+		db	.invalid  - .data_out	; 5
+		db	.mesg_out - .data_out	; 6
+		db	.mesg_in  - .data_out	; 7
+		db	.idle - .data_out	; 8
+		db	.busy - .data_out	; 9
+		db	.invalid  - .data_out	; A
+
+.data_out:	db	" = DATA_OUT",0
+.data_in:	db	" = DATA_IN",0
+.command:	db	" = COMMAND",0
+.stat_in:	db	" = STAT_IN",0
+.mesg_out:	db	" = MESG_OUT",0
+.mesg_in:	db	" = MESG_IN",0
+.idle:		db	" = IDLE",0
+.busy:		db	" = BUSY",0
+.invalid:	db	" = INVALID",0
+
+		.endp
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; test_finished - Wait for a button press.
+;
+
+test_finished:	PRINTF	"Test completed, press \eP1RUN\eP0 to continue.\n"
+
+.loop:		jsr	wait_vsync
+
+		lda	joytrg + 0		; Read the joypad.
+		bit	#JOY_RUN + JOY_SEL + JOY_B1 + JOY_B2
+		beq	.loop
+
+		rts
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; test_number1 - Initialize the CD drive and scan the CD TOC.
+;
+
+test_number1:	PRINTF	"\f\eP1SCSI TEST #1: Reset CD-ROM and Initialize Disc.\eP0\n\n"
+
+		PRINTF	"SuperCD-ROM Internal (default hidden) HuCARD memory:\n"
+		PRINTF	"$18C1=%0hx $18C2=%0hx $18C3=%0hx\n", $18C1, $18C2, $18C3
+		PRINTF	"SuperCD-ROM External (always enabled) HuCARD memory:\n"
+		PRINTF	"$18C5=%0hx $18C6=%0hx $18C7=%0hx\n\n", $18C5, $18C6, $18C7
+
+		jsr	clear_timer
+
+	.if	CDROM
+
+		; System Card processing for changing a disc.
+
+.reset_cd:	TAG_FLG	"Reset CD-ROM hardware (start) ..."
+
+		system	cd_reset		; Reset the CD drive.
+
+		TAG_FLG	"Reset CD-ROM hardware (finished)."
+
+.wait_busy:	cla				; Check for CD drive busy.
+		system	cd_stat
+		cmp	#$00
+		bne	.wait_busy
+
+		TAG_FLG	"CD-ROM Drive idle but stopped."
+
+.wait_ready:	lda	#1			; Check for CD drive ready.
+		system	cd_stat
+		cmp	#$00
+		beq	.drive_ready
+
+		ldy	#60			; Wait a second and try again.
+		jsr	wait_nvsync
+		bra	.wait_ready
+
+.drive_ready:	TAG_FLG	"CD-ROM Drive spun up and ready."
+
+		system	cd_contnts		; Read the CD-ROM disc TOC.
+		cmp	#$00
+		bne	.reset_cd
+
+		TAG_FLG	"Got CD-ROM TOC information."
+
+	.else
+
+		; Or use the cdrom.asm code if on HuCARD.
+
+;		call	cdr_init_disc		; Without messages!
+		call	test_init_disc		; With messages!
+
+	.endif
+
+		call	print_log
+
+		jmp	test_finished
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; test_number2 - See what selects the CD-ROM
+;
+
+test_number2:	PRINTF	"\f\eP1SCSI TEST #2: What selects the CD-ROM?\eP0\n\n"
+
+		; Does a simple write to IFU_SCSI_CTL do it?
+
+		jsr	clear_timer
+
+		TAG_FLG	"Checking for IDLE."
+
+		lda	#$00
+		sta	IFU_SCSI_CTL
+
+		TAG_FLG	"Written $00 to $1800 SCSI Control bits."
+
+		ldy	#20 * 2			; Wait 20ms.
+		jsr	test_delay
+
+		TAG_FLG	"Wait 20ms to see if state changes."
+
+		call	print_log
+
+		jsr	test_abort
+		jsr	clear_log
+
+		; Does an abort write to IFU_SCSI_CTL do it?
+
+		jsr	clear_timer
+
+		TAG_FLG	"Checking for IDLE."
+
+		lda	#$81
+		sta	IFU_SCSI_CTL
+
+		TAG_FLG	"Written $81 to $1800 SCSI Control bits."
+
+		ldy	#20 * 2			; Wait 20ms.
+		jsr	test_delay
+
+		TAG_FLG	"Wait 20ms to see if state changes."
+
+		call	print_log
+
+		jsr	test_abort
+		jsr	clear_log
+
+		; Let's see what MiSTer does!
+
+		jsr	clear_timer
+
+		TAG_FLG	"Checking for IDLE."
+
+		stz	IFU_IRQ_MSK
+
+		TAG_FLG	"Written $00 to $1802 SCSI IRQ mask."
+
+		ldy	#20 * 2			; Wait 20ms.
+		jsr	test_delay
+
+		TAG_FLG	"Wait 20ms to see if state changes."
+
+		call	print_log
+
+		jsr	test_abort
+		jsr	clear_log
+
+		jmp	test_finished
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; test_number3 - Begin communication, then don't send a command.
+;
+
+test_number3:	PRINTF	"\f\eP1SCSI TEST #3: Initiate communication with CD-ROM, then ...\eP0\n\n"
+
+		jsr	clear_timer
+
+		jsr	test_initiate
+		call	print_log
+
+		jmp	test_finished
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; test_number4 - Restart communication, then don't send a command.
+;
+
+test_number4:	PRINTF	"\f\eP1SCSI TEST #4: ... Restart communication with CD-ROM.\eP0\n\n"
+
+		jsr	clear_timer
+
+		jsr	test_initiate
+		call	print_log
+
+		jsr	test_abort
+		jsr	clear_log
+
+		jmp	test_finished
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; test_number5 - Read 2 sectors.
+;
+
+test_number5:	PRINTF	"\f\eP1SCSI TEST #5: Read 2 sectors.\eP0\n\n"
+
+		jsr	clear_timer
+
+		lda	#$04			; Read LBA #$000004
+		stz	<_ch
+		stz	<_cl
+		sta	<_dl
+
+		lda	#2			; Read 2 sectors.
+		sta	<_al
+
+		jsr	test_initiate		; Acquire the SCSI bus.
+
+		jsr	test_cd_read		; Issue read command.
+
+		call	print_log		; Display the states.
+
+		jmp	test_finished
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; test_number6 - Read 2 sectors, abort before 1st.
+;
+
+test_number6:	PRINTF	"\f\eP1SCSI TEST #6: Read 2 sectors, abort before 1st.\eP0\n\n"
+
+		jsr	clear_timer
+
+		lda	#1
+		sta	exit_on_data
+
+		lda	#$04			; Read LBA #$000004
+		stz	<_ch
+		stz	<_cl
+		sta	<_dl
+
+		lda	#2			; Read 2 sectors.
+		sta	<_al
+
+		jsr	test_initiate		; Acquire the SCSI bus.
+
+		call	clear_log		; Hide early states.
+
+		jsr	test_cd_read		; Issue read command.
+
+		jsr	test_abort		; Abort the command.
+
+		call	print_log		; Display the states.
+
+		stz	exit_on_data
+
+		jmp	test_finished
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; test_number7 - Read 2 sectors, abort before 2nd.
+;
+
+test_number7:	PRINTF	"\f\eP1SCSI TEST #7: Read 2 sectors, abort before 2nd.\eP0\n\n"
+
+		jsr	clear_timer
+
+		lda	#2
+		sta	exit_on_data
+
+		lda	#$04			; Read LBA #$000004
+		stz	<_ch
+		stz	<_cl
+		sta	<_dl
+
+		lda	#2			; Read 2 sectors.
+		sta	<_al
+
+		jsr	test_initiate		; Acquire the SCSI bus.
+
+		call	clear_log		; Hide early states.
+
+		jsr	test_cd_read		; Issue read command.
+
+		jsr	test_abort		; Abort the command.
+
+		call	print_log		; Display the states.
+
+		stz	exit_on_data
+
+		jmp	test_finished
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; test_number8 - Read 2 sectors, abort during STAT_IN.
+;
+
+test_number8:	PRINTF	"\f\eP1SCSI TEST #8: Read 2 sectors, abort during STAT_IN.\eP0\n\n"
+
+		jsr	clear_timer
+
+		inc	exit_on_stat
+
+		lda	#$04			; Read LBA #$000004
+		stz	<_ch
+		stz	<_cl
+		sta	<_dl
+
+		lda	#2			; Read 2 sectors.
+		sta	<_al
+
+		jsr	test_initiate		; Acquire the SCSI bus.
+
+		call	clear_log		; Hide early messages.
+
+		jsr	test_cd_read		; Issue read command.
+
+		jsr	test_abort		; Abort the command.
+
+		call	print_log		; Display the states.
+
+		stz	exit_on_stat
+
+		jmp	test_finished
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; test_number9 - Read 2 sectors, abort during MESG_IN.
+;
+
+test_number9:	PRINTF	"\f\eP1SCSI TEST #9: Read 2 sectors, abort during MESG_IN.\eP0\n\n"
+
+		jsr	clear_timer
+
+		dec	exit_on_mesg
+
+		lda	#$04			; Read LBA #$000004
+		stz	<_ch
+		stz	<_cl
+		sta	<_dl
+
+		lda	#2			; Read 2 sectors.
+		sta	<_al
+
+		jsr	test_initiate		; Acquire the SCSI bus.
+
+		call	clear_log		; Hide early states.
+
+		jsr	test_cd_read		; Issue read command.
+
+		jsr	test_abort		; Abort the command.
+
+		call	print_log		; Display the states.
+
+		stz	exit_on_mesg
+
+		jmp	test_finished
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; test_number10 - Read 5 sectors, delaying after each read.
+;
+
+test_number10:	stz	delay_data		; No delay while positioning.
+
+		lda	#$04			; Read LBA #$000004
+		stz	<_ch
+		stz	<_cl
+		sta	<_dl
+
+		lda	#5			; Read 5 sectors.
+		sta	<_al
+
+		jsr	test_initiate		; Acquire the SCSI bus.
+
+		jsr	test_cd_read		; Perform a cd_seek.
+
+		call	clear_log		; Hide results.
+
+.retry:		lda	delay_data		; No point in a zero delay!
+		bne	!+
+		inc	delay_data
+
+!:		PRINTF	"\f\eP1SCSI TEST #10: Read 5 sectors, delay %hdms after each.\eP0\n\n", delay_data
+
+		smb7	<data_relative		; PHASE_DATA_IN clears timer.
+
+		lda	#$04			; Read LBA #$000004
+		stz	<_ch
+		stz	<_cl
+		sta	<_dl
+
+		lda	#5			; Read 5 sectors.
+		sta	<_al
+
+		jsr	test_initiate		; Acquire the SCSI bus.
+
+		jsr	test_cd_read		; Issue read command.
+
+		call	clear_log		; Hide end states.
+
+		PRINTF	"Press \eP1\x1E\x1F\eP0 to change delay, \eP1RUN\eP0 to continue.\n"
+
+.loop:		jsr	wait_vsync
+
+		lda	joytrg + 0		; Read the joypad.
+
+		bit	#JOY_L + JOY_R
+		bne	.retry
+
+		bit	#JOY_U
+		beq	!+
+		lda	delay_data
+		inc	a
+		and	#$1F
+		sta	delay_data
+		bra	.retry
+
+!:		bit	#JOY_D
+		beq	!+
+		lda	delay_data
+		dec	a
+		and	#$1F
+		sta	delay_data
+		bra	.retry
+
+!:		bit	#JOY_RUN + JOY_SEL + JOY_B1 + JOY_B2
+		beq	.loop
+
+		stz	delay_data		; Reset back to 0.
+
+		rts
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; test_number11 - Seek then read.
+;
+
+test_number11:	stz	lba_top			; Reset back to 0.
+		stz	lba_add			; Reset back to 0.
+
+.retry:		PRINTF	"\f\eP1SCSI TEST #11: Seek to LBA $%02hx0004, then read LBA+%hd.\eP0\n\n", lba_top, lba_add
+
+		lda	#$04			; Read LBA #$000004
+		sta	<_dl
+		stz	<_ch
+		lda	lba_top
+		sta	<_cl
+
+		lda	#1			; Read 1 sector, i.e. cd_seek.
+		sta	<_al
+
+		jsr	test_initiate		; Acquire the SCSI bus.
+
+		jsr	test_cd_read		; Issue read command.
+
+		jsr	clear_timer
+
+		lda	#$04			; Read LBA #$000004 + lba_add
+		clc
+		adc	lba_add
+		sta	<_dl
+		stz	<_ch
+		lda	lba_top
+		sta	<_cl
+
+		lda	#3			; Read 3 sectors.
+		sta	<_al
+
+		jsr	test_initiate		; Acquire the SCSI bus.
+
+		call	clear_log		; Hide early states.
+
+		jsr	test_cd_read		; Issue read command.
+
+		call	print_log		; Display the states.
+
+	.if	CDROM
+		PRINTF	"Press \eP1\x1E\x1F\eP0 to change offset, \eP1RUN\eP0 to continue.\n"
+	.else
+		PRINTF	"Press \eP1\x1E\x1F\eP0 to change offset, \eP1\x1C\x1D\eP0 to change LBA, \eP1RUN\eP0 to continue.\n"
+	.endif
+
+.loop:		jsr	wait_vsync
+
+		lda	joytrg + 0		; Read the joypad.
+
+	.if	CDROM
+	.else
+		; Only a HuCARD runs with a real 384MB+ CD large enough to change lba_top!
+
+!:		bit	#JOY_L
+		beq	!+
+		lda	lba_top
+		dec	a
+		and	#3
+		sta	lba_top
+		bra	.retry
+
+!:		bit	#JOY_R
+		beq	!+
+		lda	lba_top
+		inc	a
+		and	#3
+		sta	lba_top
+		bra	.retry
+
+	.endif
+
+!:		bit	#JOY_U
+		beq	!+
+		lda	lba_add
+		inc	a
+		and	#$1F
+		sta	lba_add
+		bra	.retry
+
+!:		bit	#JOY_D
+		beq	!+
+		lda	lba_add
+		dec	a
+		and	#$1F
+		sta	lba_add
+		jmp	.retry
+
+!:		bit	#JOY_RUN + JOY_SEL + JOY_B1 + JOY_B2
+		beq	.loop
+
+		stz	lba_top			; Reset back to 0.
+		stz	lba_add			; Reset back to 0.
+
+		rts
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; test_init_disc - Initialize the CD drive and scan the CD TOC.
+;
+; Returns: Y,Z-flag,N-flag = $00 or an error code.
+;
+
+test_init_disc	.proc
+
+		; Reset the CD-ROM drive.
+
+.reset:		TAG_FLG	"Reset CD-ROM hardware (start) ..."
+
+		call	cdr_reset
+
+		TAG_FLG	"Reset CD-ROM hardware (finished)."
+
+		; Wait for the CD-ROM drive to release SCSI_BSY.
+
+		stz.l	retry_count		; Retry 1024 times, which is
+		lda.h	#1024			; *far* more than needed, if
+		sta.h	retry_count		; the drive is attached.
+
+.wait_busy:	lda.l	retry_count
+		bne	!+
+		dec.h	retry_count
+		bpl	!+			; Check for timeout!
+
+		ldy	#CDERR_NO_DRIVE
+		jmp	.finished
+
+!:		dec.l	retry_count
+
+		cly				; Is the drive busy?
+		call	cdr_stat
+		bne	.wait_busy
+
+		; Wait for the CD-ROM to spin-up and become ready.
+
+		TAG_FLG	"CD-ROM Drive idle but stopped."
+
+		stz.l	retry_count
+		stz.h	retry_count
+
+.wait_ready:	ldy	#1			; Is the drive ready? Calling
+		call	cdr_stat		; this is what actually makes
+		beq	.drive_ready		; the drive start spinning up
+		cmp	#CDERR_NOT_READY	; after reset.
+		bne	.error
+
+		ldy	#60			; Wait a second and try again.
+		jsr	wait_nvsync
+
+		inc.l	retry_count
+		bne	.wait_ready
+		inc.h	retry_count
+		bra	.wait_ready
+
+.error:		sta	retry_count
+		ldy	retry_count
+		bra	.finished
+
+		; Get the CD-ROM disc's Table Of Contents info.
+
+.drive_ready:	TAG_FLG	"CD-ROM Drive spun up and ready."
+
+		call	cdr_contents
+		bne	.finished
+
+		TAG_FLG	"Got CD-ROM TOC information."
+
+		cly				; Set return-code.
+
+.finished:	leave
+
+		.endp
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; test_cd_read - with CPU memory as destination (like CD_READ to RAM).
+;
+; Returns: Y,Z-flag,N-flag = $00 or an error code.
+;
+
+		; Initiate CD-ROM command.
+
+test_cd_retry:	jsr	test_initiate		; Acquire the SCSI bus.
+
+
+		; Test cd_read, assume already initiated.
+
+test_cd_read:
+
+		; Process SCSI phases.
+
+.proc_scsi_loop:jsr	test_get_phase
+		cmp	#PHASE_COMMAND		; 1st phase.
+		beq	.send_command
+		cmp	#PHASE_DATA_IN		; 2nd phase.
+		beq	.get_response
+		cmp	#PHASE_STAT_IN		; 3rd phase.
+		beq	.get_status
+		cmp	#PHASE_MESG_IN		; End phase.
+		bne	.proc_scsi_loop
+
+		; SCSI command done.
+
+.read_mesg:	phy
+
+		lda	exit_on_mesg		; Test aborting when we get to
+		beq	!+			; PHASE_MESG_IN?
+
+		call	clear_log		; Hide previous messages.
+
+!:		TAG_FLG	"cd_read: Got PHASE_MESG_IN"
+		ply
+
+		lda	exit_on_mesg		; Test aborting when we get to
+		bne	.test_exit		; PHASE_MESG_IN?
+
+		bit	IFU_SCSI_DAT		; Flush message byte.
+		jsr	test_handshake
+
+.wait_exit:	bit	IFU_SCSI_FLG		; Wait for the CD-ROM to
+		bmi	.wait_exit		; release SCSI_BSY.
+
+		cpy	#CDSTS_CHECK
+		beq	.read_error
+
+		phy
+		TAG_FLG	"cd_read: Finished"
+		ply
+
+		tya				; Returns code in Y & A.
+		rts
+
+.test_exit:	TAG_FLG	"cd_read: Quitting early as a test!"
+
+		cly				; Fake return code for test.
+
+		tya				; Returns code in Y & A.
+		rts
+
+.read_error:	TAG_FLG	"cd_read: Read error!"
+
+;		jsr	scsi_req_sense		; Clear error, get code in Y.
+		bra	test_cd_retry
+
+		; Get SCSI post-command status.
+
+.get_status:	lda	exit_on_stat		; Test aborting when we get to
+		beq	!+			; PHASE_STAT_IN?
+
+		call	clear_log		; Hide previous messages.
+
+!:		lda	delay_data
+		beq	!+
+
+		call	print_log		; Display the states.
+
+!:		TAG_FLG	"cd_read: Got PHASE_STAT_IN"
+
+		lda	exit_on_stat		; Test aborting when we get to
+		bne	.test_exit		; PHASE_STAT_IN?
+
+		ldy	IFU_SCSI_DAT		; Read status code.
+		jsr	test_handshake
+		jmp	.proc_scsi_loop
+
+		; Send SCSI command.
+
+.send_command:	TAG_FLG	"cd_read: Got PHASE_COMMAND"
+
+		jsr	test_read_cmd
+
+		lda	exit_on_data		; Test aborting when we get to
+		ora	delay_data		; PHASE_DATA_IN?
+		beq	.sent_command
+
+		call	clear_log		; Hide previous messages.
+
+.sent_command:	jmp	.proc_scsi_loop
+
+		; Read SCSI reply.
+		;
+		; Fast-copy 2048 byte sector to RAM.
+		;
+		; It takes approx 55,000 cycles to read a sector.
+
+.get_response:	lda	#$80			; Reset the timer?
+		trb	<data_relative
+		bpl	!+
+		jsr	clear_timer
+
+!:		TAG_FLG	"cd_read: Got PHASE_DATA_IN"
+
+		lda	exit_on_data		; Test aborting when we get to
+		beq	.read			; PHASE_DATA_IN?
+
+		dec	exit_on_data		; Abort on 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc
+		beq	.test_exit		; sector?
+
+.read:		ldx	#$07			; Read a sector's data.
+		cly
+!loop:		lda	IFU_SCSI_AUTO
+
+;		sta	[scsi_ram_ptr], y	; Replace write-to-RAM with a
+		pha				; harmless delay operation.
+		pla
+
+		nop
+		nop
+		nop
+		iny
+		bne	!loop-
+
+;		inc.h	<scsi_ram_ptr		; Replace write-to-RAM with a
+		sxy				; harmless delay operation.
+		sxy
+
+		dex
+		bne	!loop-
+
+!loop:		lda	IFU_SCSI_AUTO
+
+;		sta	[scsi_ram_ptr], y	; Replace write-to-RAM with a
+		pha				; harmless delay operation.
+		pla
+
+		nop
+		nop
+		iny
+		cpy	#$F6
+		bne	!loop-
+
+		php
+		sei
+		lda	IFU_SCSI_AUTO
+
+;		sta	[scsi_ram_ptr], y	; Replace write-to-RAM with a
+		pha				; harmless delay operation.
+		pla
+
+		iny
+		nop
+		nop
+		nop
+		nop
+		nop
+		lda	IFU_SCSI_AUTO
+		plp
+
+;		sta	[scsi_ram_ptr], y	; Replace write-to-RAM with a
+		pha				; harmless delay operation.
+		pla
+
+		iny
+		nop
+		nop
+		nop
+		nop
+
+!loop:		lda	IFU_SCSI_AUTO
+
+;		sta	[scsi_ram_ptr], y	; Replace write-to-RAM with a
+		pha				; harmless delay operation.
+		pla
+
+		nop
+		nop
+		nop
+		iny
+		bne	!loop-
+		inc.h	<scsi_ram_ptr
+		cla
+
+		; Add an artificial delay between sectors?
+
+		lda	delay_data
+		beq	!+
+
+		asl	a
+		tay
+		jsr	test_delay		; Delay Y * 500us.
+
+		TAG_FLG	"cd_read: Finished reading sector data and delay."
+
+		jmp	.proc_scsi_loop
+
+!:		TAG_FLG	"cd_read: Finished reading sector data."
+
+		jmp	.proc_scsi_loop
+
+		;
+		;	********
+		;
+
+test_handshake:	lda	#SCSI_ACK		; Send SCSI_ACK signal.
+		tsb	IFU_SCSI_ACK
+
+!:		tst	#SCSI_REQ, IFU_SCSI_FLG	; Wait for drive to clear
+		bne	!-			; the SCSI_REQ signal.
+
+		trb	IFU_SCSI_ACK		; Clear SCSI_ACK signal.
+		rts
+
+		;
+		;	********
+		;
+
+test_get_phase:	lda	IFU_SCSI_FLG
+		and	#SCSI_MSK
+		rts
+
+		;
+		;	********
+		;
+
+test_delay:	clx				; The inner loop takes 3584
+.wait_500us:	sxy				; cycles, which is almost a
+		sxy				; perfect 500 microseconds!
+		nop
+		dex
+		bne	.wait_500us
+		dey
+		bne	.wait_500us
+		rts
+
+		;
+		;	********
+		;
+
+test_abort:	TAG_FLG	"Writing $00 to $1800 to send abort signal to CD-ROM."
+
+		lda	#IFU_INT_DAT_IN + IFU_INT_MSG_IN
+		trb	IFU_IRQ_MSK		; Just in case previously set.
+
+		stz	IFU_SCSI_CTL		; Signal SCSI_RST to stop cmd.
+;		sta	IFU_SCSI_CTL		; Signal SCSI_RST to stop cmd.
+
+		ldy	#30 * 2			; Wait 30ms.
+		jsr	test_delay
+
+		TAG_FLG	"Finished 30ms wait."
+
+		lda	#$FF			; Send $FF on SCSI bus in case
+		sta	IFU_SCSI_DAT		; the CD reads it as a command.
+
+		tst	#SCSI_REQ, IFU_SCSI_FLG	; Does the CD-ROM want the PCE
+		beq	.abort_done		; to send/recv some data?
+
+.flush_data:	TAG_FLG	"Flushing byte from bus."
+
+		jsr	test_handshake		; Flush out stale data byte.
+
+.still_busy:	tst	#SCSI_REQ, IFU_SCSI_FLG	; Keep on flushing data while
+		bne	.flush_data		; the CD-ROM requests it.
+
+		tst	#SCSI_BSY, IFU_SCSI_FLG	; Wait for the CD-ROM to drop
+		bne	.still_busy		; the SCSI_BSY signal.
+
+.abort_done:	TAG_FLG	"Abort completed, CD-ROM Idle."
+
+		rts
+
+		;
+		;	********
+		;
+
+test_initiate:	TAG_FLG	"Attempting to select CD-ROM."
+
+		lda	#$81			; Set the SCSI device ID bits
+		sta	IFU_SCSI_DAT		; for the PCE and the CD-ROM.
+
+		tst	#SCSI_BSY, IFU_SCSI_FLG	; Is the CD-ROM already busy
+		beq	.not_busy		; doing something?
+
+		jsr	test_abort
+		bra	test_initiate
+
+.not_busy:	stz	IFU_SCSI_CTL		; Signal SCSI_SEL to CD-ROM.
+
+;		lda	#$81
+;		sta	IFU_SCSI_CTL		; Signal SCSI_SEL to CD-ROM.
+
+		lda	IFU_SCSI_FLG		; Read IFU_SCSI_FLG ASAP!
+		TAG_A	"CD-ROM Idle, written $00 to $1800 to select CD-ROM."
+
+.test_scsi_bus:	ldy	#18			; Wait for up to 20ms for the
+		clx				; CD-ROM to signal SCSI_BSY.
+.wait_scsi_bus:	jsr	test_get_phase
+		and	#SCSI_BSY
+		bne	.ready
+		dex
+		bne	.wait_scsi_bus
+		dey
+		bne	.wait_scsi_bus
+
+		TAG_FLG	"CD-ROM selection timeout."
+
+		; Timeout, try again.
+
+		bra	test_initiate
+
+		; The normal PC Engine code just returns as soon
+		; as it gets BSY, but let's see just how long it
+		; takes to get a valid COMMAND phase ...
+
+.ready:		jsr	test_get_phase
+		and	#SCSI_REQ
+		beq	.ready
+
+		TAG_FLG	"CD-ROM selected and got REQ."
+
+		rts
+
+		;
+		;	********
+		;
+
+test_read_cmd:	stz	scsi_send_buf + 5	; scsi_ctrl
+
+		lda	<_al
+		sta	scsi_send_buf + 4	; scsi_len_l =	bios_len_l
+
+		clc
+		lda	<_dl
+		adc	recbase0_l		; Start of data track.
+		sta	scsi_send_buf + 3	; scsi_lba_l = bios_rec_l + data_lba_l
+
+		lda	<_ch
+		adc	recbase0_m		; Start of data track.
+		sta	scsi_send_buf + 2	; scsi_lba_m = bios_rec_m + data_lba_m
+
+		lda	<_cl
+		adc	recbase0_h		; Start of data track.
+		sta	scsi_send_buf + 1	; scsi_lba_h = bios_rec_h + data_lba_h
+
+		lda	#CDROM_READ		; SCSI read command.
+		sta	scsi_send_buf + 0	; scsi_opcode
+
+		clx
+.send_byte:	lda	IFU_SCSI_FLG
+		and	#SCSI_MSK
+		cmp	#PHASE_COMMAND
+		bne	.send_byte
+
+		lda	scsi_send_buf, x
+		sta	IFU_SCSI_DAT
+		jsr	test_handshake
+
+		inx
+		cpx	#6			; 6-byte SCSI command.
+		bne	.send_byte
+
+		rts
+
+		;
+		;	********
+		;
+
+test_get_status:ldy	IFU_SCSI_DAT		; Read status code.
+		jsr	test_handshake
+
+.wait_mesg:	jsr	test_get_phase		; Do the final phases of the
+		cmp	#PHASE_STAT_IN		; SCSI transaction sequence.
+		beq	test_get_status
+		cmp	#PHASE_MESG_IN
+		bne	.wait_mesg
+
+.read_mesg:	lda	IFU_SCSI_DAT		; Flush message byte.
+		jsr	test_handshake
+
+.wait_exit:	bit	IFU_SCSI_FLG		; Wait for the CD-ROM to
+		bmi	.wait_exit		; release SCSI_BSY.
+
+		tya				; Return status & set flags.
+		rts
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; The "CORE(not TM)" library initializes .DATA, so we don't do it again!
+;
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+
+		.data
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; cpc464_colors - Palette data (a blast-from-the-past!)
+;
+; Note: DEFPAL palette data is in RGB format, 4-bits per value.
+; Note: Packed palette data is in GRB format, 3-bits per value.
+;
+;  $4 = dark blue background
+;  $5 = light blue shadow
+;  $6 = yellow font
+;
+
+		align	2
+
+none		=	$000
+
+cpc464_colors:	defpal	$000,none,none,none,$002,$114,$662,none
+		defpal	none,none,none,none,none,none,none,none
+
+		defpal	$000,none,none,none,$002,$114,$666,none
+		defpal	none,none,none,none,none,none,none,none
+
+		defpal	$000,none,none,none,$002,$114,$266,none
+		defpal	none,none,none,none,none,none,none,none
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; It's the font data, nothing exciting to see here!
+;
+
+my_font:	incbin	"font8x8-ascii-bold-short.dat"

From 6861d2c5ffb65d1c3889a4765a4377f343608a1b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Mon, 5 Feb 2024 14:31:54 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 35/40] Add a symbol's bank information to sym2inc now that
 PCEAS supports it.

---
 examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-scsitest/scsitest.asm |  2 +-
 src/tools/sym2inc/sym2inc.c                      | 11 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-scsitest/scsitest.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-scsitest/scsitest.asm
index 28981cd1..ccd3fd55 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-scsitest/scsitest.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-scsitest/scsitest.asm
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ print_log	.proc
 		lda.l	count_was		; Only repeated once?
 		ora.h	count_was
 		beq	.unique
-		
+
 .repeated:	inc.l	count_was		; Increment the count
 		bne	!+			; for display.
 		inc.h	count_was
diff --git a/src/tools/sym2inc/sym2inc.c b/src/tools/sym2inc/sym2inc.c
index bc8dbb26..e5a46441 100644
--- a/src/tools/sym2inc/sym2inc.c
+++ b/src/tools/sym2inc/sym2inc.c
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ char * strupr ( char *pStr )
 // document titled "A Painless Guide to CRC Error Detection Algorithms"
 // by Ross Williams (ross@guest.adelaide.edu.au.). This document is
 // likely to be in the FTP archive "ftp.adelaide.edu.au/pub/rocksoft".
+//
 
 static  uint32_t s_aCRC32Table [256] =
 {
@@ -172,6 +173,7 @@ static  uint32_t s_aCRC32Table [256] =
 // CalculateCRC32 ()
 //
 // Basically, it is the CRC32 calculation as used in Ethernet, PKZIP, etc.
+//
 
 uint32_t CalculateCRC32 ( const void * pData, size_t iSize )
 {
@@ -203,6 +205,7 @@ uint32_t CalculateCRC32 ( const void * pData, size_t iSize )
 // Google "FIO19-C" for the reason why.
 //
 // N.B. Will return an error for files larger than 2GB on a 32-bit system.
+//
 
 bool ReadBinaryFile ( const char * pName, void ** pBuffer, size_t * pLength )
 {
@@ -259,6 +262,7 @@ bool ReadBinaryFile ( const char * pName, void ** pBuffer, size_t * pLength )
 //
 // Uses POSIX file functions rather than C file functions, just because
 // it might save some space since ReadBinaryFile() uses POSIX functions.
+//
 
 bool WriteBinaryFile ( const char * pName, void * pBuffer, size_t iLength )
 {
@@ -501,6 +505,13 @@ void OutputSymbols ( char * pFileName )
 
       fputs( "=\t$", pFile );
 
+      strupr( pSymbol->pBankString );
+
+      if (( pSymbol->pBankString[0] != 'F' ) || ( pSymbol->pBankString[1] != '0' )) {
+        fputs( pSymbol->pBankString, pFile );
+        fputs( ":", pFile );
+      }
+
       fputs( strupr( pSymbol->pAddrString ), pFile );
 
       fputs( "\n", pFile );

From 8f8b1487acc5b55446c1eefd7e47fab6166cb409 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Mon, 5 Feb 2024 14:41:36 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 36/40] Add "hulz" tool for compressing/decompressing some of
 Hudson's LZSS variants.

---
 src/tools/Makefile         |    2 +-
 src/tools/hulz/Makefile    |   42 +
 src/tools/hulz/elmer.h     |   82 ++
 src/tools/hulz/hulz.c      | 2083 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/hulz/targetver.h |   10 +
 5 files changed, 2218 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 src/tools/hulz/Makefile
 create mode 100644 src/tools/hulz/elmer.h
 create mode 100644 src/tools/hulz/hulz.c
 create mode 100644 src/tools/hulz/targetver.h

diff --git a/src/tools/Makefile b/src/tools/Makefile
index 305c4175..9b6bdf5f 100644
--- a/src/tools/Makefile
+++ b/src/tools/Makefile
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # Makefile for HuC tools sources
 #
 
-SUBDIRS = pcxtool mod2mml mml wav2vox sym2inc pce2png
+SUBDIRS = pcxtool mod2mml mml wav2vox sym2inc pce2png hulz
 
 all clean:
 	@$(MAKE) $(SUBDIRS) "COMMAND=$@"
diff --git a/src/tools/hulz/Makefile b/src/tools/hulz/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9e585cae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/hulz/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Makefile for hulz
+#
+# Written for Linux development version, September 27, 2001 by Dave Shadoff 
+#
+
+#
+# Defines
+#
+
+BASEDIR=..d ..d ..
+include ../../Make_src.inc
+
+HDRS = elmer.h targetver.h
+OBJS = hulz.o
+
+LIBS =
+
+EXE  = hulz$(EXESUFFIX)
+
+#
+# Subdirectories
+#
+
+all::
+	$(MAKE) $(EXE)
+
+#
+# Executable
+#
+
+$(EXE): $(OBJS) $(LIBS) $(HDRS)
+	$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(OBJS) $(LIBS) -o $@
+	$(CP) $(EXE) $(BINDIR)
+
+#
+# Targets
+#
+
+include $(MAKETARG)
+
+clean::
+	rm -f $(EXE) $(BINDIR)/$(EXE) $(OBJS)
diff --git a/src/tools/hulz/elmer.h b/src/tools/hulz/elmer.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..811ca43e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/hulz/elmer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// **************************************************************************
+// **************************************************************************
+//
+// elmer.h
+//
+// General type definitions.
+//
+// Copyright John Brandwood 1994-2021.
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+//  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+//
+// **************************************************************************
+// **************************************************************************
+
+#ifndef __ELMER_h
+#define __ELMER_h
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  #include "targetver.h"
+  #define  WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+  #include <windows.h>
+#endif
+
+//
+// Standard C99 includes, with Visual Studio workarounds.
+//
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+#if defined (_MSC_VER)
+  #include <io.h>
+  #define SSIZE_MAX UINT_MAX
+  #define S_ISREG(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG)
+  #define S_ISDIR(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
+  #define strcasecmp _stricmp
+  #define strncasecmp _strnicmp
+#else
+  #include <unistd.h>
+  #ifndef O_BINARY
+    #define O_BINARY 0
+    #define O_TEXT   0
+  #endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined (_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER < 1600) // i.e. before VS2010
+  #define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
+  #include "msinttypes/stdint.h"
+#else
+  #include <stdint.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined (_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER < 1800) // i.e. before VS2013
+  #define static_assert( test, message )
+  #include "msinttypes/inttypes.h"
+  #include "msinttypes/stdbool.h"
+#else
+  #include <inttypes.h>
+  #include <stdbool.h>
+#endif
+
+// DETERMINE TARGET MACHINE BYTE ORDERING ...
+//
+// either BYTE_ORDER_LO_HI for 80x86 ordering,
+// or     BYTE_ORDER_HI_LO for 680x0 ordering.
+
+#ifdef PC
+  #define BYTE_ORDER_LO_HI  1
+  #define BYTE_ORDER_HI_LO  0
+#endif
+
+#endif // __ELMER_h
diff --git a/src/tools/hulz/hulz.c b/src/tools/hulz/hulz.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..068020be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/hulz/hulz.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2083 @@
+// **************************************************************************
+// **************************************************************************
+//
+// HULZ.C
+//
+// Simple compressor for some LZSS-derived schemes found on the PC Engine.
+//
+// Copyright John Brandwood 2014-2024.
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+//  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+//
+// **************************************************************************
+// **************************************************************************
+
+#include "elmer.h"
+
+//
+// DEFINITIONS
+//
+
+#ifndef GIT_VERSION
+  #define GIT_VERSION "unknown"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef GIT_DATE
+  #define GIT_DATE __DATE__
+#endif
+
+#define VERSION_STR "hulz (" GIT_VERSION ", " GIT_DATE ")"
+
+// Which compressor has been chosen?
+
+typedef uint8_t * (*compressor) (
+  uint8_t * pSrcBuffer,
+  unsigned  uSrcLength,
+  uint8_t * pDstBuffer,
+  unsigned  uDstLength );
+
+compressor    g_pCompressorFunc = NULL;
+compressor    g_pDecompressFunc = NULL;
+
+//
+
+bool          g_fDecompress = false;
+bool          g_fLazyMatch  = true;
+
+uint8_t *     g_pOutBuffer;
+unsigned      g_uOutLength;
+
+int           g_iWindowFix;
+
+
+
+// **************************************************************************
+// **************************************************************************
+//
+// BitInit ()
+// BitWriteHiLo ()
+// BitWriteLoHi ()
+//
+// Bit-oriented buffered output to global g_pOutBuffer.
+//
+
+unsigned    g_uOutMask;
+uint8_t *   g_pOutBits = NULL;
+
+void BitInit ( void )
+{
+  g_pOutBits = NULL;
+}
+
+void BitWriteHiLo ( unsigned uBitValue )
+{
+  if (g_pOutBits == NULL) {
+    g_uOutMask = 0x80;
+    g_pOutBits = g_pOutBuffer;
+    *g_pOutBuffer++ = 0;
+  }
+
+  if (uBitValue & 1) {
+    *g_pOutBits |= g_uOutMask;
+  }
+
+  g_uOutMask >>= 1;
+
+  if (g_uOutMask == 0) {
+    g_pOutBits = NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+void BitWriteLoHi ( unsigned uBitValue )
+{
+  if (g_pOutBits == NULL) {
+    g_uOutMask = 0x01;
+    g_pOutBits = g_pOutBuffer;
+    *g_pOutBuffer++ = 0;
+  }
+
+  if (uBitValue & 1) {
+    *g_pOutBits |= g_uOutMask;
+  }
+
+  g_uOutMask <<= 1;
+
+  if (g_uOutMask == 256) {
+    g_pOutBits = NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+// **************************************************************************
+// **************************************************************************
+//
+// NibbleInit ()
+// NibbleWriteHiLo ()
+//
+// Nibble-oriented buffered output to global g_pOutBuffer.
+//
+
+uint8_t *   g_pNibble = NULL;
+
+void NibbleInit ( void )
+{
+  g_pNibble = NULL;
+}
+
+void NibbleWriteHiLo ( unsigned uValue )
+{
+  if (g_pNibble == NULL)
+  {
+    g_pNibble = g_pOutBuffer++;
+
+    *g_pNibble = (uValue & 15) << 4;
+  } else {
+    *g_pNibble = (uValue & 15) | *g_pNibble;
+
+    g_pNibble = NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+// **************************************************************************
+// **************************************************************************
+//
+// InitStringMatch ()
+//
+// Simple hash-based string search for Lempel-Ziv compression.
+//
+// HASH_WIN_SIZE is the size of the hash window used to track previous string
+// occurrences, do not confuse it with the iMaxLzssDelta used to search for a
+// current match!
+//
+// HASH_WIN_SIZE must be a power-of-two that is >= the largest iMaxLzssDelta.
+//
+// There is no harm to having a HASH_WIN_SIZE > iMaxLzssDelta, it just takes
+// up more memory during compression.
+//
+
+#define HASH_VAL_SIZE 16384
+#define CALC_HASH( iSrcOffset ) ((pSrcBuffer[ iSrcOffset + 0 ] & 0x7F) + 128 * (pSrcBuffer[ iSrcOffset + 1 ] & 0x7F))
+
+#define HASH_WIN_SIZE 0x2000 // Use a default 8KB tracking window on the PC Engine.
+#define HASH_WIN_MASK (HASH_WIN_SIZE - 1)
+
+// Array of the most recent source-offset for every possible hash value.
+
+int * g_pHashOffset;
+
+// Array of previous source-offset with the same hash value for every window location
+// in the tracking window.
+
+int * g_pPrevOffset;
+
+//
+
+void InitStringMatch ( void )
+{
+  int i;
+
+  if (g_pHashOffset == NULL) {
+    g_pHashOffset = (int *) malloc( sizeof(int) * (HASH_VAL_SIZE + HASH_WIN_SIZE) );
+    g_pPrevOffset = g_pHashOffset + HASH_VAL_SIZE;
+  }
+
+  // Initialize the hash table.
+
+  for (i = 0; i < HASH_VAL_SIZE; ++i) {
+    g_pHashOffset[i] = - 1;
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+// **************************************************************************
+// **************************************************************************
+//
+// FindStringMatch ()
+//
+// Simple hash-based string search for Lempel-Ziv compression.
+//
+// HASH_WIN_SIZE is the size of the hash window used to track previous string
+// occurrences, do not confuse it with the iMaxLzssDelta used to search for a
+// current match!
+//
+// HASH_WIN_SIZE must be a power-of-two that is >= the largest iMaxLzssDelta.
+//
+// There is no harm to having a HASH_WIN_SIZE > iMaxLzssDelta, it just takes
+// up more memory during compression.
+//
+
+void __inline FindStringMatch (
+  int * pFoundOffset, int * pFoundLength,
+  const uint8_t * pSrcBuffer, const int iSrcLength,
+  int iFromOffset, int iMaxLzssDelta, int iMaxLzssLength )
+
+{
+  // Local Variables.
+
+  int iMinOffset  = ((iFromOffset - iMaxLzssDelta) < 0) ? 0 : (iFromOffset - iMaxLzssDelta);
+  int iBestOffset = iMinOffset;
+  int iBestLength = 0;
+  int iTestOffset = g_pHashOffset[ CALC_HASH( iFromOffset ) ];
+  int iTestLength;
+
+  // Don't read beyond the pSrcBuffer.
+
+  iMaxLzssLength = ((iSrcLength - iFromOffset) < iMaxLzssLength) ? (iSrcLength - iFromOffset) : iMaxLzssLength;
+
+  // Stop searching when the test string is outside the iMaxLzssDelta window.
+
+  while (iTestOffset >= iMinOffset)
+  {
+    // Quickly reject strings that won't be longer than the current-best.
+
+    if (pSrcBuffer[ iFromOffset + iBestLength ] == pSrcBuffer[ iTestOffset + iBestLength ])
+    {
+      iTestLength = 0;
+
+      while ((iTestLength < iMaxLzssLength) &&
+        (pSrcBuffer[ iFromOffset + iTestLength ] == pSrcBuffer[ iTestOffset + iTestLength ])) {
+        ++iTestLength;
+      }
+
+      if (iTestLength > iBestLength) {
+        iBestOffset = iTestOffset;
+        iBestLength = iTestLength;
+        if (iBestLength == iMaxLzssLength) break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Test the previous string with the same CALC_HASH() value.
+
+    iTestOffset = g_pPrevOffset[ iTestOffset & HASH_WIN_MASK ];
+  }
+
+  *pFoundOffset = iBestOffset;
+  *pFoundLength = iBestLength;
+}
+
+
+
+// **************************************************************************
+// **************************************************************************
+//
+// CompressHLZ ()
+//
+// Compress data in Hudson's 4-bit length, 8-bit offset LZSS.
+//
+// The window offset is stored as relative to the start of the data, and not
+// as a delta from the current output, but some games start decompressing to
+// their 256 byte ring-buffer at $xxEF intead of $xx00, and so an offset has
+// to be added to the window address that is written.
+//
+// With a window start of $EF, this method is used by (at least) ...
+//  Tengai Makyo II - Manji Maru
+//  Dragon Slayer - The Legend of Heroes II
+//  Emerald Dragon
+//  Linda3
+//
+// With a window start of $00, this method is used by (at least) ...
+//  Ys IV - The Dawn of Ys
+//  Gulliver Boy
+//
+// The bit buffer is stored hi-lo.
+// The nibble buffer is stored hi-lo.
+//
+// Ys4 and Gulliver add a 1-byte header to signal whether the compressed data
+// is encoded in byte (0) or word (1) format.
+//
+// This compressor does NOT handle Ys4's word format scheme!
+//
+
+uint8_t * CompressHLZ (
+  uint8_t * pSrcBuffer, unsigned uSrcLength,
+  uint8_t * pDstBuffer, unsigned uDstLength )
+
+{
+  // Local Variables.
+
+  int iSrcOffset = 0;
+  int iCopyCount = 0;
+  int iSkipCount;
+
+  int iHashValue;
+  int iSrcRemain;
+  int iBestOffset = 0;
+  int iBestLength;
+  int iNextOffset;
+  int iNextLength;
+
+  // Set the search parameters for this particular LZSS-variant.
+
+  const int iMinMatch = 2;
+  const int iMaxMatch = 17;
+  const int iMaxDelta = 256;
+
+  // Initialize the hash table and window for string matching.
+
+  InitStringMatch();
+
+  // Initialize the output.
+
+  g_pOutBuffer = pDstBuffer;
+  g_uOutLength = uDstLength;
+
+  BitInit();
+  NibbleInit();
+
+  // Write a header to signal Ys4's BYTE compression if using Ys4's g_iWindowFix.
+
+  if (g_iWindowFix == 0) {
+    *g_pOutBuffer++ = 0;
+  }
+
+  // Loop around encoding strings until the buffer is empty.
+
+  for (;;)
+  {
+    // Update the window and calc how much data is left to compress.
+
+    iSrcRemain = uSrcLength - iSrcOffset;
+
+    if (iSrcRemain < iMinMatch) {
+      iSrcOffset += iSrcRemain;
+      iCopyCount += iSrcRemain;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // Find the best match at the current position.
+
+    iBestLength = 0;
+
+    if (iSrcOffset != 0) {
+      FindStringMatch( &iBestOffset, &iBestLength, pSrcBuffer, uSrcLength, iSrcOffset, iMaxDelta, iMaxMatch );
+    }
+
+    // Move the window on by 1 byte.
+
+    iHashValue = CALC_HASH( iSrcOffset );
+
+    g_pPrevOffset[ iSrcOffset & HASH_WIN_MASK ] = g_pHashOffset[ iHashValue ];
+    g_pHashOffset[ iHashValue ] = iSrcOffset;
+
+    // Lazy match (compresses up to 1% better on a good day, usually less).
+    //
+    // Basically, if you can compress 1 extra byte, then that is a better thing
+    // to do instead of encoding 2 literals after the current match.
+
+    if (g_fLazyMatch)
+    {
+      if ((iBestLength >= iMinMatch) && (iBestLength < iMaxMatch) && (iSrcRemain != iMinMatch))
+      {
+        FindStringMatch( &iNextOffset, &iNextLength, pSrcBuffer, uSrcLength, iSrcOffset + 1, iMaxDelta, iMaxMatch );
+
+        if (iNextLength > iBestLength) {
+          ++iCopyCount;
+          ++iSrcOffset;
+          iBestLength = iNextLength;
+          iBestOffset = iNextOffset;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Keep track of COPY bytes, but don't process them, yet.
+
+    if (iBestLength < iMinMatch) {
+      ++iCopyCount;
+      ++iSrcOffset;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // First, write any COPY bytes.
+
+    if (iCopyCount)
+    {
+      uint8_t * pCopyFrom = pSrcBuffer + iSrcOffset - iCopyCount;
+
+      do {
+        // Signal that COPY is next.
+
+        BitWriteHiLo( 1 );
+
+        *g_pOutBuffer++ = *pCopyFrom++;
+      } while (--iCopyCount);
+    }
+
+    // Then write the LZSS "match".
+    //
+    // Signal that LZSS is next.
+
+    BitWriteHiLo( 0 );
+
+    // Save LZSS offset (as an absolute window offset).
+
+    *g_pOutBuffer++ = (iBestOffset + g_iWindowFix) & 255;
+
+    // Save LZSS length - 2.
+
+    NibbleWriteHiLo( iBestLength - 2 );
+
+    // Skip passed "matched" bytes, updating the window contents.
+
+    ++iSrcOffset;
+
+    iSkipCount = iBestLength - 1;
+
+    while (iSkipCount--)
+    {
+      iHashValue = CALC_HASH( iSrcOffset );
+
+      g_pPrevOffset[ iSrcOffset & HASH_WIN_MASK ] = g_pHashOffset[ iHashValue ];
+      g_pHashOffset[ iHashValue ] = iSrcOffset;
+
+      ++iSrcOffset;
+    }
+
+  } // End of "for (;;)"
+
+  // Encode the last COPY byte(s) (if there are any).
+
+  if (iCopyCount)
+  {
+    uint8_t * pCopyFrom = pSrcBuffer + iSrcOffset - iCopyCount;
+
+    do {
+      // Signal that COPY is next.
+
+      BitWriteHiLo( 1 );
+
+      *g_pOutBuffer++ = *pCopyFrom++;
+    } while (--iCopyCount);
+  }
+
+  // All done.
+
+  return (g_pOutBuffer);
+}
+
+
+
+// **************************************************************************
+// **************************************************************************
+//
+// DecompressHLZ ()
+//
+// Decompress data in Hudson's 4-bit length, 8-bit offset LZSS.
+//
+// The window offset is stored as relative to the start of the data, and not
+// as a delta from the current output, but some games start decompressing to
+// their 256 byte ring-buffer at $xxEF intead of $xx00.
+//
+// With a window start of $EF, this method is used by (at least) ...
+//  Tengai Makyo II - Manji Maru
+//  Dragon Slayer - The Legend of Heroes II
+//  Emerald Dragon
+//  Linda3
+//
+// With a window start of $00, this method is used by (at least) ...
+//  Ys IV - The Dawn of Ys
+//  Gulliver Boy
+//
+// The bit buffer is stored hi-lo.
+// The nibble buffer is stored hi-lo.
+//
+// The compression has no end-of-file marker, and data is decompressed until
+// all of the source file is used, whether the data makes sense or not.
+//
+// Ys4 and Gulliver add a 1-byte header to signal whether the compressed data
+// is encoded in byte (0) or word (1) format.
+//
+// This decompressor does NOT handle Ys4's word format scheme!
+//
+
+uint8_t * DecompressHLZ (
+  uint8_t * pSrcBuffer, unsigned uSrcLength,
+  uint8_t * pDstBuffer, unsigned uDstLength )
+
+{
+  // Local Variables.
+
+  int iSrcOffset = 0;
+  int iDstOffset = 0;
+  int iMatchLength = 0;
+
+  int iNibbleOffset = 0;
+
+  uint8_t uBitMask = 0;
+  uint8_t uBitFlag = 0;
+
+  uint8_t uWinOffset;
+  uint8_t uMatchOffset;
+
+  uint8_t aWinBuffer[ 256 ];
+
+  // Initialize the ring-buffer window, just in case Hudson really thought
+  // that a preload filled with $00 bytes was actually a sane idea.
+  //
+  // N.B. I *hate* LZSS decompressors using a ring-buffer, it isn't needed
+  // unless you are using a preload, and it just obfuscates the simplicity
+  // of the LZSS algorithm.
+
+  memset( aWinBuffer, 0, 256 );
+
+  // Detect the Ys4 style compression-type.
+  //
+  // Since HLZ compression stores its LZSS flags hi-lo, and there absolutely
+  // must be a COPY (a 1-bit) in the first few bits, normally in the top bit
+  // if there is no preload, then the type can be easily determined.
+
+  uWinOffset = 0xEF;
+
+  if (pSrcBuffer[0] < 2) {
+    // This must be the Ys4 style compression-type.
+
+    if (pSrcBuffer[0] == 1) {
+      printf( "hulz - Hudson's WORD compression is not supported!\n" );
+      return (NULL);
+    }
+
+    uWinOffset = 0x00;
+    ++iSrcOffset;
+  }
+
+  // Loop around decompressing data bytes until something stops us.
+
+  while ((iSrcOffset <= (int) uSrcLength) && (iDstOffset < (int) uDstLength))
+  {
+    if (iMatchLength == 0)
+    {
+      // Before starting a new COPY or MATCH, is there any data left to decompress?
+
+      if (iSrcOffset >= (int) uSrcLength) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // Do we need to load another byte of flag bits?
+
+      if (uBitMask == 0) {
+        uBitFlag = pSrcBuffer[ iSrcOffset++ ];
+        uBitMask = 0x80;
+      }
+
+      if (uBitFlag & uBitMask) {
+        // COPY 1 byte.
+
+        pDstBuffer[ iDstOffset++ ] =
+        aWinBuffer[ uWinOffset++ ] = pSrcBuffer[ iSrcOffset++ ];
+      } else {
+        // Read MATCH offset.
+
+        uMatchOffset = pSrcBuffer[ iSrcOffset++ ];
+
+        // Read MATCH length.
+
+        if (iNibbleOffset == 0) {
+          iNibbleOffset = iSrcOffset++;
+          iMatchLength = (pSrcBuffer[ iNibbleOffset ] >> 4) + 2;
+        } else {
+          iMatchLength = (pSrcBuffer[ iNibbleOffset ] & 15) + 2;
+          iNibbleOffset = 0;
+        }
+      }
+
+      uBitMask >>= 1;
+    } else {
+      // MATCH 1 byte.
+
+      pDstBuffer[ iDstOffset++ ] =
+      aWinBuffer[ uWinOffset++ ] = aWinBuffer[ uMatchOffset++ ];
+      --iMatchLength;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Warn the user if something seems to be wrong.
+
+  if ((iMatchLength != 0) || (iDstOffset == (int) uDstLength)) {
+    printf( "hulz - WARNING, too much decompessed data, output truncated!\n" );
+  } else {
+    if (iSrcOffset != (int) uSrcLength) {
+      printf( "hulz - WARNING, read passed the end of compressed data!\n" );
+      printf( "hulz - The file is either too short or a byte too long.\n" );
+    } else {
+      if (uBitMask != 0) {
+        do {
+          if (uBitFlag & uBitMask) {
+            printf( "hulz - WARNING, flag bits indicate the input file is too short!\n" );
+          }
+          uBitMask >>= 1;
+        } while (uBitMask != 0);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (pDstBuffer + iDstOffset);
+}
+
+
+
+// **************************************************************************
+// **************************************************************************
+//
+// g_aHudsonPreload []
+//
+// Hudson's runtime-generated 4KByte preload for Anearth Fantasy Stories.
+//
+
+uint8_t g_aHudsonPreload [4096] =
+{
+  0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x01,0x01, // |................|
+  0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02, // |................|
+  0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x03,0x03,0x03,0x03,0x03,0x03,0x03,0x03,0x03, // |................|
+  0x03,0x03,0x03,0x03,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04, // |................|
+  0x04,0x05,0x05,0x05,0x05,0x05,0x05,0x05,0x05,0x05,0x05,0x05,0x05,0x05,0x06,0x06, // |................|
+  0x06,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07, // |................|
+  0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08, // |................|
+  0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09, // |................|
+  0x09,0x09,0x0a,0x0a,0x0a,0x0a,0x0a,0x0a,0x0a,0x0a,0x0a,0x0a,0x0a,0x0a,0x0a,0x0b, // |................|
+  0x0b,0x0b,0x0b,0x0b,0x0b,0x0b,0x0b,0x0b,0x0b,0x0b,0x0b,0x0b,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c, // |................|
+  0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0d,0x0d,0x0d,0x0d,0x0d,0x0d,0x0d, // |................|
+  0x0d,0x0d,0x0d,0x0d,0x0d,0x0d,0x0e,0x0e,0x0e,0x0e,0x0e,0x0e,0x0e,0x0e,0x0e,0x0e, // |................|
+  0x0e,0x0e,0x0e,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f, // |................|
+  0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x11,0x11,0x11, // |................|
+  0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x12,0x12,0x12,0x12,0x12,0x12, // |................|
+  0x12,0x12,0x12,0x12,0x12,0x12,0x12,0x13,0x13,0x13,0x13,0x13,0x13,0x13,0x13,0x13, // |................|
+  0x13,0x13,0x13,0x13,0x14,0x14,0x14,0x14,0x14,0x14,0x14,0x14,0x14,0x14,0x14,0x14, // |................|
+  0x14,0x15,0x15,0x15,0x15,0x15,0x15,0x15,0x15,0x15,0x15,0x15,0x15,0x15,0x16,0x16, // |................|
+  0x16,0x16,0x16,0x16,0x16,0x16,0x16,0x16,0x16,0x16,0x16,0x17,0x17,0x17,0x17,0x17, // |................|
+  0x17,0x17,0x17,0x17,0x17,0x17,0x17,0x17,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // |................|
+  0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x19,0x19,0x19,0x19,0x19,0x19,0x19,0x19,0x19,0x19,0x19, // |................|
+  0x19,0x19,0x1a,0x1a,0x1a,0x1a,0x1a,0x1a,0x1a,0x1a,0x1a,0x1a,0x1a,0x1a,0x1a,0x1b, // |................|
+  0x1b,0x1b,0x1b,0x1b,0x1b,0x1b,0x1b,0x1b,0x1b,0x1b,0x1b,0x1b,0x1c,0x1c,0x1c,0x1c, // |................|
+  0x1c,0x1c,0x1c,0x1c,0x1c,0x1c,0x1c,0x1c,0x1c,0x1d,0x1d,0x1d,0x1d,0x1d,0x1d,0x1d, // |................|
+  0x1d,0x1d,0x1d,0x1d,0x1d,0x1d,0x1e,0x1e,0x1e,0x1e,0x1e,0x1e,0x1e,0x1e,0x1e,0x1e, // |................|
+  0x1e,0x1e,0x1e,0x1f,0x1f,0x1f,0x1f,0x1f,0x1f,0x1f,0x1f,0x1f,0x1f,0x1f,0x1f,0x1f, // |................|
+  0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x21,0x21,0x21, // |             !!!|
+  0x21,0x21,0x21,0x21,0x21,0x21,0x21,0x21,0x21,0x21,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22, // |!!!!!!!!!!""""""|
+  0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x23,0x23,0x23,0x23,0x23,0x23,0x23,0x23,0x23, // |"""""""#########|
+  0x23,0x23,0x23,0x23,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x24, // |####$$$$$$$$$$$$|
+  0x24,0x25,0x25,0x25,0x25,0x25,0x25,0x25,0x25,0x25,0x25,0x25,0x25,0x25,0x26,0x26, // |$%%%%%%%%%%%%%&&|
+  0x26,0x26,0x26,0x26,0x26,0x26,0x26,0x26,0x26,0x26,0x26,0x27,0x27,0x27,0x27,0x27, // |&&&&&&&&&&&'''''|
+  0x27,0x27,0x27,0x27,0x27,0x27,0x27,0x27,0x28,0x28,0x28,0x28,0x28,0x28,0x28,0x28, // |''''''''((((((((|
+  0x28,0x28,0x28,0x28,0x28,0x29,0x29,0x29,0x29,0x29,0x29,0x29,0x29,0x29,0x29,0x29, // |((((()))))))))))|
+  0x29,0x29,0x2a,0x2a,0x2a,0x2a,0x2a,0x2a,0x2a,0x2a,0x2a,0x2a,0x2a,0x2a,0x2a,0x2b, // |))*************+|
+  0x2b,0x2b,0x2b,0x2b,0x2b,0x2b,0x2b,0x2b,0x2b,0x2b,0x2b,0x2b,0x2c,0x2c,0x2c,0x2c, // |++++++++++++,,,,|
+  0x2c,0x2c,0x2c,0x2c,0x2c,0x2c,0x2c,0x2c,0x2c,0x2d,0x2d,0x2d,0x2d,0x2d,0x2d,0x2d, // |,,,,,,,,,-------|
+  0x2d,0x2d,0x2d,0x2d,0x2d,0x2d,0x2e,0x2e,0x2e,0x2e,0x2e,0x2e,0x2e,0x2e,0x2e,0x2e, // |------..........|
+  0x2e,0x2e,0x2e,0x2f,0x2f,0x2f,0x2f,0x2f,0x2f,0x2f,0x2f,0x2f,0x2f,0x2f,0x2f,0x2f, // |.../////////////|
+  0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x31,0x31,0x31, // |0000000000000111|
+  0x31,0x31,0x31,0x31,0x31,0x31,0x31,0x31,0x31,0x31,0x32,0x32,0x32,0x32,0x32,0x32, // |1111111111222222|
+  0x32,0x32,0x32,0x32,0x32,0x32,0x32,0x33,0x33,0x33,0x33,0x33,0x33,0x33,0x33,0x33, // |2222222333333333|
+  0x33,0x33,0x33,0x33,0x34,0x34,0x34,0x34,0x34,0x34,0x34,0x34,0x34,0x34,0x34,0x34, // |3333444444444444|
+  0x34,0x35,0x35,0x35,0x35,0x35,0x35,0x35,0x35,0x35,0x35,0x35,0x35,0x35,0x36,0x36, // |4555555555555566|
+  0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x37,0x37,0x37,0x37,0x37, // |6666666666677777|
+  0x37,0x37,0x37,0x37,0x37,0x37,0x37,0x37,0x38,0x38,0x38,0x38,0x38,0x38,0x38,0x38, // |7777777788888888|
+  0x38,0x38,0x38,0x38,0x38,0x39,0x39,0x39,0x39,0x39,0x39,0x39,0x39,0x39,0x39,0x39, // |8888899999999999|
+  0x39,0x39,0x3a,0x3a,0x3a,0x3a,0x3a,0x3a,0x3a,0x3a,0x3a,0x3a,0x3a,0x3a,0x3a,0x3b, // |99:::::::::::::;|
+  0x3b,0x3b,0x3b,0x3b,0x3b,0x3b,0x3b,0x3b,0x3b,0x3b,0x3b,0x3b,0x3c,0x3c,0x3c,0x3c, // |;;;;;;;;;;;;<<<<|
+  0x3c,0x3c,0x3c,0x3c,0x3c,0x3c,0x3c,0x3c,0x3c,0x3d,0x3d,0x3d,0x3d,0x3d,0x3d,0x3d, // |<<<<<<<<<=======|
+  0x3d,0x3d,0x3d,0x3d,0x3d,0x3d,0x3e,0x3e,0x3e,0x3e,0x3e,0x3e,0x3e,0x3e,0x3e,0x3e, // |======>>>>>>>>>>|
+  0x3e,0x3e,0x3e,0x3f,0x3f,0x3f,0x3f,0x3f,0x3f,0x3f,0x3f,0x3f,0x3f,0x3f,0x3f,0x3f, // |>>>?????????????|
+  0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x41,0x41,0x41, // |@@@@@@@@@@@@@AAA|
+  0x41,0x41,0x41,0x41,0x41,0x41,0x41,0x41,0x41,0x41,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42, // |AAAAAAAAAABBBBBB|
+  0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x43,0x43,0x43,0x43,0x43,0x43,0x43,0x43,0x43, // |BBBBBBBCCCCCCCCC|
+  0x43,0x43,0x43,0x43,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44, // |CCCCDDDDDDDDDDDD|
+  0x44,0x45,0x45,0x45,0x45,0x45,0x45,0x45,0x45,0x45,0x45,0x45,0x45,0x45,0x46,0x46, // |DEEEEEEEEEEEEEFF|
+  0x46,0x46,0x46,0x46,0x46,0x46,0x46,0x46,0x46,0x46,0x46,0x47,0x47,0x47,0x47,0x47, // |FFFFFFFFFFFGGGGG|
+  0x47,0x47,0x47,0x47,0x47,0x47,0x47,0x47,0x48,0x48,0x48,0x48,0x48,0x48,0x48,0x48, // |GGGGGGGGHHHHHHHH|
+  0x48,0x48,0x48,0x48,0x48,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x49, // |HHHHHIIIIIIIIIII|
+  0x49,0x49,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4b, // |IIJJJJJJJJJJJJJK|
+  0x4b,0x4b,0x4b,0x4b,0x4b,0x4b,0x4b,0x4b,0x4b,0x4b,0x4b,0x4b,0x4c,0x4c,0x4c,0x4c, // |KKKKKKKKKKKKLLLL|
+  0x4c,0x4c,0x4c,0x4c,0x4c,0x4c,0x4c,0x4c,0x4c,0x4d,0x4d,0x4d,0x4d,0x4d,0x4d,0x4d, // |LLLLLLLLLMMMMMMM|
+  0x4d,0x4d,0x4d,0x4d,0x4d,0x4d,0x4e,0x4e,0x4e,0x4e,0x4e,0x4e,0x4e,0x4e,0x4e,0x4e, // |MMMMMMNNNNNNNNNN|
+  0x4e,0x4e,0x4e,0x4f,0x4f,0x4f,0x4f,0x4f,0x4f,0x4f,0x4f,0x4f,0x4f,0x4f,0x4f,0x4f, // |NNNOOOOOOOOOOOOO|
+  0x50,0x50,0x50,0x50,0x50,0x50,0x50,0x50,0x50,0x50,0x50,0x50,0x50,0x51,0x51,0x51, // |PPPPPPPPPPPPPQQQ|
+  0x51,0x51,0x51,0x51,0x51,0x51,0x51,0x51,0x51,0x51,0x52,0x52,0x52,0x52,0x52,0x52, // |QQQQQQQQQQRRRRRR|
+  0x52,0x52,0x52,0x52,0x52,0x52,0x52,0x53,0x53,0x53,0x53,0x53,0x53,0x53,0x53,0x53, // |RRRRRRRSSSSSSSSS|
+  0x53,0x53,0x53,0x53,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x54, // |SSSSTTTTTTTTTTTT|
+  0x54,0x55,0x55,0x55,0x55,0x55,0x55,0x55,0x55,0x55,0x55,0x55,0x55,0x55,0x56,0x56, // |TUUUUUUUUUUUUUVV|
+  0x56,0x56,0x56,0x56,0x56,0x56,0x56,0x56,0x56,0x56,0x56,0x57,0x57,0x57,0x57,0x57, // |VVVVVVVVVVVWWWWW|
+  0x57,0x57,0x57,0x57,0x57,0x57,0x57,0x57,0x58,0x58,0x58,0x58,0x58,0x58,0x58,0x58, // |WWWWWWWWXXXXXXXX|
+  0x58,0x58,0x58,0x58,0x58,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59, // |XXXXXYYYYYYYYYYY|
+  0x59,0x59,0x5a,0x5a,0x5a,0x5a,0x5a,0x5a,0x5a,0x5a,0x5a,0x5a,0x5a,0x5a,0x5a,0x5b, // |YYZZZZZZZZZZZZZ[|
+  0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5c,0x5c,0x5c,0x5c, // |[[[[[[[[[[[[\\\\|
+  0x5c,0x5c,0x5c,0x5c,0x5c,0x5c,0x5c,0x5c,0x5c,0x5d,0x5d,0x5d,0x5d,0x5d,0x5d,0x5d, // |\\\\\\\\\]]]]]]]|
+  0x5d,0x5d,0x5d,0x5d,0x5d,0x5d,0x5e,0x5e,0x5e,0x5e,0x5e,0x5e,0x5e,0x5e,0x5e,0x5e, // |]]]]]]^^^^^^^^^^|
+  0x5e,0x5e,0x5e,0x5f,0x5f,0x5f,0x5f,0x5f,0x5f,0x5f,0x5f,0x5f,0x5f,0x5f,0x5f,0x5f, // |^^^_____________|
+  0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x61,0x61,0x61, // |`````````````aaa|
+  0x61,0x61,0x61,0x61,0x61,0x61,0x61,0x61,0x61,0x61,0x62,0x62,0x62,0x62,0x62,0x62, // |aaaaaaaaaabbbbbb|
+  0x62,0x62,0x62,0x62,0x62,0x62,0x62,0x63,0x63,0x63,0x63,0x63,0x63,0x63,0x63,0x63, // |bbbbbbbccccccccc|
+  0x63,0x63,0x63,0x63,0x64,0x64,0x64,0x64,0x64,0x64,0x64,0x64,0x64,0x64,0x64,0x64, // |ccccdddddddddddd|
+  0x64,0x65,0x65,0x65,0x65,0x65,0x65,0x65,0x65,0x65,0x65,0x65,0x65,0x65,0x66,0x66, // |deeeeeeeeeeeeeff|
+  0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x67,0x67,0x67,0x67,0x67, // |fffffffffffggggg|
+  0x67,0x67,0x67,0x67,0x67,0x67,0x67,0x67,0x68,0x68,0x68,0x68,0x68,0x68,0x68,0x68, // |gggggggghhhhhhhh|
+  0x68,0x68,0x68,0x68,0x68,0x69,0x69,0x69,0x69,0x69,0x69,0x69,0x69,0x69,0x69,0x69, // |hhhhhiiiiiiiiiii|
+  0x69,0x69,0x6a,0x6a,0x6a,0x6a,0x6a,0x6a,0x6a,0x6a,0x6a,0x6a,0x6a,0x6a,0x6a,0x6b, // |iijjjjjjjjjjjjjk|
+  0x6b,0x6b,0x6b,0x6b,0x6b,0x6b,0x6b,0x6b,0x6b,0x6b,0x6b,0x6b,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c, // |kkkkkkkkkkkkllll|
+  0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x6d,0x6d,0x6d,0x6d,0x6d,0x6d,0x6d, // |lllllllllmmmmmmm|
+  0x6d,0x6d,0x6d,0x6d,0x6d,0x6d,0x6e,0x6e,0x6e,0x6e,0x6e,0x6e,0x6e,0x6e,0x6e,0x6e, // |mmmmmmnnnnnnnnnn|
+  0x6e,0x6e,0x6e,0x6f,0x6f,0x6f,0x6f,0x6f,0x6f,0x6f,0x6f,0x6f,0x6f,0x6f,0x6f,0x6f, // |nnnooooooooooooo|
+  0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x71,0x71,0x71, // |pppppppppppppqqq|
+  0x71,0x71,0x71,0x71,0x71,0x71,0x71,0x71,0x71,0x71,0x72,0x72,0x72,0x72,0x72,0x72, // |qqqqqqqqqqrrrrrr|
+  0x72,0x72,0x72,0x72,0x72,0x72,0x72,0x73,0x73,0x73,0x73,0x73,0x73,0x73,0x73,0x73, // |rrrrrrrsssssssss|
+  0x73,0x73,0x73,0x73,0x74,0x74,0x74,0x74,0x74,0x74,0x74,0x74,0x74,0x74,0x74,0x74, // |sssstttttttttttt|
+  0x74,0x75,0x75,0x75,0x75,0x75,0x75,0x75,0x75,0x75,0x75,0x75,0x75,0x75,0x76,0x76, // |tuuuuuuuuuuuuuvv|
+  0x76,0x76,0x76,0x76,0x76,0x76,0x76,0x76,0x76,0x76,0x76,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77, // |vvvvvvvvvvvwwwww|
+  0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x77,0x78,0x78,0x78,0x78,0x78,0x78,0x78,0x78, // |wwwwwwwwxxxxxxxx|
+  0x78,0x78,0x78,0x78,0x78,0x79,0x79,0x79,0x79,0x79,0x79,0x79,0x79,0x79,0x79,0x79, // |xxxxxyyyyyyyyyyy|
+  0x79,0x79,0x7a,0x7a,0x7a,0x7a,0x7a,0x7a,0x7a,0x7a,0x7a,0x7a,0x7a,0x7a,0x7a,0x7b, // |yyzzzzzzzzzzzzz{|
+  0x7b,0x7b,0x7b,0x7b,0x7b,0x7b,0x7b,0x7b,0x7b,0x7b,0x7b,0x7b,0x7c,0x7c,0x7c,0x7c, // |{{{{{{{{{{{{|||||
+  0x7c,0x7c,0x7c,0x7c,0x7c,0x7c,0x7c,0x7c,0x7c,0x7d,0x7d,0x7d,0x7d,0x7d,0x7d,0x7d, // ||||||||||}}}}}}}|
+  0x7d,0x7d,0x7d,0x7d,0x7d,0x7d,0x7e,0x7e,0x7e,0x7e,0x7e,0x7e,0x7e,0x7e,0x7e,0x7e, // |}}}}}}~~~~~~~~~~|
+  0x7e,0x7e,0x7e,0x7f,0x7f,0x7f,0x7f,0x7f,0x7f,0x7f,0x7f,0x7f,0x7f,0x7f,0x7f,0x7f, // |~~~.............|
+  0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x81,0x81,0x81, // |................|
+  0x81,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x82,0x82,0x82,0x82,0x82,0x82, // |................|
+  0x82,0x82,0x82,0x82,0x82,0x82,0x82,0x83,0x83,0x83,0x83,0x83,0x83,0x83,0x83,0x83, // |................|
+  0x83,0x83,0x83,0x83,0x84,0x84,0x84,0x84,0x84,0x84,0x84,0x84,0x84,0x84,0x84,0x84, // |................|
+  0x84,0x85,0x85,0x85,0x85,0x85,0x85,0x85,0x85,0x85,0x85,0x85,0x85,0x85,0x86,0x86, // |................|
+  0x86,0x86,0x86,0x86,0x86,0x86,0x86,0x86,0x86,0x86,0x86,0x87,0x87,0x87,0x87,0x87, // |................|
+  0x87,0x87,0x87,0x87,0x87,0x87,0x87,0x87,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88, // |................|
+  0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x89,0x89,0x89,0x89,0x89,0x89,0x89,0x89,0x89,0x89,0x89, // |................|
+  0x89,0x89,0x8a,0x8a,0x8a,0x8a,0x8a,0x8a,0x8a,0x8a,0x8a,0x8a,0x8a,0x8a,0x8a,0x8b, // |................|
+  0x8b,0x8b,0x8b,0x8b,0x8b,0x8b,0x8b,0x8b,0x8b,0x8b,0x8b,0x8b,0x8c,0x8c,0x8c,0x8c, // |................|
+  0x8c,0x8c,0x8c,0x8c,0x8c,0x8c,0x8c,0x8c,0x8c,0x8d,0x8d,0x8d,0x8d,0x8d,0x8d,0x8d, // |................|
+  0x8d,0x8d,0x8d,0x8d,0x8d,0x8d,0x8e,0x8e,0x8e,0x8e,0x8e,0x8e,0x8e,0x8e,0x8e,0x8e, // |................|
+  0x8e,0x8e,0x8e,0x8f,0x8f,0x8f,0x8f,0x8f,0x8f,0x8f,0x8f,0x8f,0x8f,0x8f,0x8f,0x8f, // |................|
+  0x90,0x90,0x90,0x90,0x90,0x90,0x90,0x90,0x90,0x90,0x90,0x90,0x90,0x91,0x91,0x91, // |................|
+  0x91,0x91,0x91,0x91,0x91,0x91,0x91,0x91,0x91,0x91,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x92, // |................|
+  0x92,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x93,0x93,0x93,0x93,0x93,0x93,0x93,0x93,0x93, // |................|
+  0x93,0x93,0x93,0x93,0x94,0x94,0x94,0x94,0x94,0x94,0x94,0x94,0x94,0x94,0x94,0x94, // |................|
+  0x94,0x95,0x95,0x95,0x95,0x95,0x95,0x95,0x95,0x95,0x95,0x95,0x95,0x95,0x96,0x96, // |................|
+  0x96,0x96,0x96,0x96,0x96,0x96,0x96,0x96,0x96,0x96,0x96,0x97,0x97,0x97,0x97,0x97, // |................|
+  0x97,0x97,0x97,0x97,0x97,0x97,0x97,0x97,0x98,0x98,0x98,0x98,0x98,0x98,0x98,0x98, // |................|
+  0x98,0x98,0x98,0x98,0x98,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99, // |................|
+  0x99,0x99,0x9a,0x9a,0x9a,0x9a,0x9a,0x9a,0x9a,0x9a,0x9a,0x9a,0x9a,0x9a,0x9a,0x9b, // |................|
+  0x9b,0x9b,0x9b,0x9b,0x9b,0x9b,0x9b,0x9b,0x9b,0x9b,0x9b,0x9b,0x9c,0x9c,0x9c,0x9c, // |................|
+  0x9c,0x9c,0x9c,0x9c,0x9c,0x9c,0x9c,0x9c,0x9c,0x9d,0x9d,0x9d,0x9d,0x9d,0x9d,0x9d, // |................|
+  0x9d,0x9d,0x9d,0x9d,0x9d,0x9d,0x9e,0x9e,0x9e,0x9e,0x9e,0x9e,0x9e,0x9e,0x9e,0x9e, // |................|
+  0x9e,0x9e,0x9e,0x9f,0x9f,0x9f,0x9f,0x9f,0x9f,0x9f,0x9f,0x9f,0x9f,0x9f,0x9f,0x9f, // |................|
+  0xa0,0xa0,0xa0,0xa0,0xa0,0xa0,0xa0,0xa0,0xa0,0xa0,0xa0,0xa0,0xa0,0xa1,0xa1,0xa1, // |................|
+  0xa1,0xa1,0xa1,0xa1,0xa1,0xa1,0xa1,0xa1,0xa1,0xa1,0xa2,0xa2,0xa2,0xa2,0xa2,0xa2, // |................|
+  0xa2,0xa2,0xa2,0xa2,0xa2,0xa2,0xa2,0xa3,0xa3,0xa3,0xa3,0xa3,0xa3,0xa3,0xa3,0xa3, // |................|
+  0xa3,0xa3,0xa3,0xa3,0xa4,0xa4,0xa4,0xa4,0xa4,0xa4,0xa4,0xa4,0xa4,0xa4,0xa4,0xa4, // |................|
+  0xa4,0xa5,0xa5,0xa5,0xa5,0xa5,0xa5,0xa5,0xa5,0xa5,0xa5,0xa5,0xa5,0xa5,0xa6,0xa6, // |................|
+  0xa6,0xa6,0xa6,0xa6,0xa6,0xa6,0xa6,0xa6,0xa6,0xa6,0xa6,0xa7,0xa7,0xa7,0xa7,0xa7, // |................|
+  0xa7,0xa7,0xa7,0xa7,0xa7,0xa7,0xa7,0xa7,0xa8,0xa8,0xa8,0xa8,0xa8,0xa8,0xa8,0xa8, // |................|
+  0xa8,0xa8,0xa8,0xa8,0xa8,0xa9,0xa9,0xa9,0xa9,0xa9,0xa9,0xa9,0xa9,0xa9,0xa9,0xa9, // |................|
+  0xa9,0xa9,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xab, // |................|
+  0xab,0xab,0xab,0xab,0xab,0xab,0xab,0xab,0xab,0xab,0xab,0xab,0xac,0xac,0xac,0xac, // |................|
+  0xac,0xac,0xac,0xac,0xac,0xac,0xac,0xac,0xac,0xad,0xad,0xad,0xad,0xad,0xad,0xad, // |................|
+  0xad,0xad,0xad,0xad,0xad,0xad,0xae,0xae,0xae,0xae,0xae,0xae,0xae,0xae,0xae,0xae, // |................|
+  0xae,0xae,0xae,0xaf,0xaf,0xaf,0xaf,0xaf,0xaf,0xaf,0xaf,0xaf,0xaf,0xaf,0xaf,0xaf, // |................|
+  0xb0,0xb0,0xb0,0xb0,0xb0,0xb0,0xb0,0xb0,0xb0,0xb0,0xb0,0xb0,0xb0,0xb1,0xb1,0xb1, // |................|
+  0xb1,0xb1,0xb1,0xb1,0xb1,0xb1,0xb1,0xb1,0xb1,0xb1,0xb2,0xb2,0xb2,0xb2,0xb2,0xb2, // |................|
+  0xb2,0xb2,0xb2,0xb2,0xb2,0xb2,0xb2,0xb3,0xb3,0xb3,0xb3,0xb3,0xb3,0xb3,0xb3,0xb3, // |................|
+  0xb3,0xb3,0xb3,0xb3,0xb4,0xb4,0xb4,0xb4,0xb4,0xb4,0xb4,0xb4,0xb4,0xb4,0xb4,0xb4, // |................|
+  0xb4,0xb5,0xb5,0xb5,0xb5,0xb5,0xb5,0xb5,0xb5,0xb5,0xb5,0xb5,0xb5,0xb5,0xb6,0xb6, // |................|
+  0xb6,0xb6,0xb6,0xb6,0xb6,0xb6,0xb6,0xb6,0xb6,0xb6,0xb6,0xb7,0xb7,0xb7,0xb7,0xb7, // |................|
+  0xb7,0xb7,0xb7,0xb7,0xb7,0xb7,0xb7,0xb7,0xb8,0xb8,0xb8,0xb8,0xb8,0xb8,0xb8,0xb8, // |................|
+  0xb8,0xb8,0xb8,0xb8,0xb8,0xb9,0xb9,0xb9,0xb9,0xb9,0xb9,0xb9,0xb9,0xb9,0xb9,0xb9, // |................|
+  0xb9,0xb9,0xba,0xba,0xba,0xba,0xba,0xba,0xba,0xba,0xba,0xba,0xba,0xba,0xba,0xbb, // |................|
+  0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbb,0xbc,0xbc,0xbc,0xbc, // |................|
+  0xbc,0xbc,0xbc,0xbc,0xbc,0xbc,0xbc,0xbc,0xbc,0xbd,0xbd,0xbd,0xbd,0xbd,0xbd,0xbd, // |................|
+  0xbd,0xbd,0xbd,0xbd,0xbd,0xbd,0xbe,0xbe,0xbe,0xbe,0xbe,0xbe,0xbe,0xbe,0xbe,0xbe, // |................|
+  0xbe,0xbe,0xbe,0xbf,0xbf,0xbf,0xbf,0xbf,0xbf,0xbf,0xbf,0xbf,0xbf,0xbf,0xbf,0xbf, // |................|
+  0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc1,0xc1,0xc1, // |................|
+  0xc1,0xc1,0xc1,0xc1,0xc1,0xc1,0xc1,0xc1,0xc1,0xc1,0xc2,0xc2,0xc2,0xc2,0xc2,0xc2, // |................|
+  0xc2,0xc2,0xc2,0xc2,0xc2,0xc2,0xc2,0xc3,0xc3,0xc3,0xc3,0xc3,0xc3,0xc3,0xc3,0xc3, // |................|
+  0xc3,0xc3,0xc3,0xc3,0xc4,0xc4,0xc4,0xc4,0xc4,0xc4,0xc4,0xc4,0xc4,0xc4,0xc4,0xc4, // |................|
+  0xc4,0xc5,0xc5,0xc5,0xc5,0xc5,0xc5,0xc5,0xc5,0xc5,0xc5,0xc5,0xc5,0xc5,0xc6,0xc6, // |................|
+  0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc7,0xc7,0xc7,0xc7,0xc7, // |................|
+  0xc7,0xc7,0xc7,0xc7,0xc7,0xc7,0xc7,0xc7,0xc8,0xc8,0xc8,0xc8,0xc8,0xc8,0xc8,0xc8, // |................|
+  0xc8,0xc8,0xc8,0xc8,0xc8,0xc9,0xc9,0xc9,0xc9,0xc9,0xc9,0xc9,0xc9,0xc9,0xc9,0xc9, // |................|
+  0xc9,0xc9,0xca,0xca,0xca,0xca,0xca,0xca,0xca,0xca,0xca,0xca,0xca,0xca,0xca,0xcb, // |................|
+  0xcb,0xcb,0xcb,0xcb,0xcb,0xcb,0xcb,0xcb,0xcb,0xcb,0xcb,0xcb,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc, // |................|
+  0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcd,0xcd,0xcd,0xcd,0xcd,0xcd,0xcd, // |................|
+  0xcd,0xcd,0xcd,0xcd,0xcd,0xcd,0xce,0xce,0xce,0xce,0xce,0xce,0xce,0xce,0xce,0xce, // |................|
+  0xce,0xce,0xce,0xcf,0xcf,0xcf,0xcf,0xcf,0xcf,0xcf,0xcf,0xcf,0xcf,0xcf,0xcf,0xcf, // |................|
+  0xd0,0xd0,0xd0,0xd0,0xd0,0xd0,0xd0,0xd0,0xd0,0xd0,0xd0,0xd0,0xd0,0xd1,0xd1,0xd1, // |................|
+  0xd1,0xd1,0xd1,0xd1,0xd1,0xd1,0xd1,0xd1,0xd1,0xd1,0xd2,0xd2,0xd2,0xd2,0xd2,0xd2, // |................|
+  0xd2,0xd2,0xd2,0xd2,0xd2,0xd2,0xd2,0xd3,0xd3,0xd3,0xd3,0xd3,0xd3,0xd3,0xd3,0xd3, // |................|
+  0xd3,0xd3,0xd3,0xd3,0xd4,0xd4,0xd4,0xd4,0xd4,0xd4,0xd4,0xd4,0xd4,0xd4,0xd4,0xd4, // |................|
+  0xd4,0xd5,0xd5,0xd5,0xd5,0xd5,0xd5,0xd5,0xd5,0xd5,0xd5,0xd5,0xd5,0xd5,0xd6,0xd6, // |................|
+  0xd6,0xd6,0xd6,0xd6,0xd6,0xd6,0xd6,0xd6,0xd6,0xd6,0xd6,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7, // |................|
+  0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd8,0xd8,0xd8,0xd8,0xd8,0xd8,0xd8,0xd8, // |................|
+  0xd8,0xd8,0xd8,0xd8,0xd8,0xd9,0xd9,0xd9,0xd9,0xd9,0xd9,0xd9,0xd9,0xd9,0xd9,0xd9, // |................|
+  0xd9,0xd9,0xda,0xda,0xda,0xda,0xda,0xda,0xda,0xda,0xda,0xda,0xda,0xda,0xda,0xdb, // |................|
+  0xdb,0xdb,0xdb,0xdb,0xdb,0xdb,0xdb,0xdb,0xdb,0xdb,0xdb,0xdb,0xdc,0xdc,0xdc,0xdc, // |................|
+  0xdc,0xdc,0xdc,0xdc,0xdc,0xdc,0xdc,0xdc,0xdc,0xdd,0xdd,0xdd,0xdd,0xdd,0xdd,0xdd, // |................|
+  0xdd,0xdd,0xdd,0xdd,0xdd,0xdd,0xde,0xde,0xde,0xde,0xde,0xde,0xde,0xde,0xde,0xde, // |................|
+  0xde,0xde,0xde,0xdf,0xdf,0xdf,0xdf,0xdf,0xdf,0xdf,0xdf,0xdf,0xdf,0xdf,0xdf,0xdf, // |................|
+  0xe0,0xe0,0xe0,0xe0,0xe0,0xe0,0xe0,0xe0,0xe0,0xe0,0xe0,0xe0,0xe0,0xe1,0xe1,0xe1, // |................|
+  0xe1,0xe1,0xe1,0xe1,0xe1,0xe1,0xe1,0xe1,0xe1,0xe1,0xe2,0xe2,0xe2,0xe2,0xe2,0xe2, // |................|
+  0xe2,0xe2,0xe2,0xe2,0xe2,0xe2,0xe2,0xe3,0xe3,0xe3,0xe3,0xe3,0xe3,0xe3,0xe3,0xe3, // |................|
+  0xe3,0xe3,0xe3,0xe3,0xe4,0xe4,0xe4,0xe4,0xe4,0xe4,0xe4,0xe4,0xe4,0xe4,0xe4,0xe4, // |................|
+  0xe4,0xe5,0xe5,0xe5,0xe5,0xe5,0xe5,0xe5,0xe5,0xe5,0xe5,0xe5,0xe5,0xe5,0xe6,0xe6, // |................|
+  0xe6,0xe6,0xe6,0xe6,0xe6,0xe6,0xe6,0xe6,0xe6,0xe6,0xe6,0xe7,0xe7,0xe7,0xe7,0xe7, // |................|
+  0xe7,0xe7,0xe7,0xe7,0xe7,0xe7,0xe7,0xe7,0xe8,0xe8,0xe8,0xe8,0xe8,0xe8,0xe8,0xe8, // |................|
+  0xe8,0xe8,0xe8,0xe8,0xe8,0xe9,0xe9,0xe9,0xe9,0xe9,0xe9,0xe9,0xe9,0xe9,0xe9,0xe9, // |................|
+  0xe9,0xe9,0xea,0xea,0xea,0xea,0xea,0xea,0xea,0xea,0xea,0xea,0xea,0xea,0xea,0xeb, // |................|
+  0xeb,0xeb,0xeb,0xeb,0xeb,0xeb,0xeb,0xeb,0xeb,0xeb,0xeb,0xeb,0xec,0xec,0xec,0xec, // |................|
+  0xec,0xec,0xec,0xec,0xec,0xec,0xec,0xec,0xec,0xed,0xed,0xed,0xed,0xed,0xed,0xed, // |................|
+  0xed,0xed,0xed,0xed,0xed,0xed,0xee,0xee,0xee,0xee,0xee,0xee,0xee,0xee,0xee,0xee, // |................|
+  0xee,0xee,0xee,0xef,0xef,0xef,0xef,0xef,0xef,0xef,0xef,0xef,0xef,0xef,0xef,0xef, // |................|
+  0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf1,0xf1,0xf1, // |................|
+  0xf1,0xf1,0xf1,0xf1,0xf1,0xf1,0xf1,0xf1,0xf1,0xf1,0xf2,0xf2,0xf2,0xf2,0xf2,0xf2, // |................|
+  0xf2,0xf2,0xf2,0xf2,0xf2,0xf2,0xf2,0xf3,0xf3,0xf3,0xf3,0xf3,0xf3,0xf3,0xf3,0xf3, // |................|
+  0xf3,0xf3,0xf3,0xf3,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4, // |................|
+  0xf4,0xf5,0xf5,0xf5,0xf5,0xf5,0xf5,0xf5,0xf5,0xf5,0xf5,0xf5,0xf5,0xf5,0xf6,0xf6, // |................|
+  0xf6,0xf6,0xf6,0xf6,0xf6,0xf6,0xf6,0xf6,0xf6,0xf6,0xf6,0xf7,0xf7,0xf7,0xf7,0xf7, // |................|
+  0xf7,0xf7,0xf7,0xf7,0xf7,0xf7,0xf7,0xf7,0xf8,0xf8,0xf8,0xf8,0xf8,0xf8,0xf8,0xf8, // |................|
+  0xf8,0xf8,0xf8,0xf8,0xf8,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9,0xf9, // |................|
+  0xf9,0xf9,0xfa,0xfa,0xfa,0xfa,0xfa,0xfa,0xfa,0xfa,0xfa,0xfa,0xfa,0xfa,0xfa,0xfb, // |................|
+  0xfb,0xfb,0xfb,0xfb,0xfb,0xfb,0xfb,0xfb,0xfb,0xfb,0xfb,0xfb,0xfc,0xfc,0xfc,0xfc, // |................|
+  0xfc,0xfc,0xfc,0xfc,0xfc,0xfc,0xfc,0xfc,0xfc,0xfd,0xfd,0xfd,0xfd,0xfd,0xfd,0xfd, // |................|
+  0xfd,0xfd,0xfd,0xfd,0xfd,0xfd,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe, // |................|
+  0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff, // |................|
+  0x00,0x01,0x02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08,0x09,0x0a,0x0b,0x0c,0x0d,0x0e,0x0f, // |................|
+  0x10,0x11,0x12,0x13,0x14,0x15,0x16,0x17,0x18,0x19,0x1a,0x1b,0x1c,0x1d,0x1e,0x1f, // |................|
+  0x20,0x21,0x22,0x23,0x24,0x25,0x26,0x27,0x28,0x29,0x2a,0x2b,0x2c,0x2d,0x2e,0x2f, // | !"#$%&'()*+,-./|
+  0x30,0x31,0x32,0x33,0x34,0x35,0x36,0x37,0x38,0x39,0x3a,0x3b,0x3c,0x3d,0x3e,0x3f, // |0123456789:;<=>?|
+  0x40,0x41,0x42,0x43,0x44,0x45,0x46,0x47,0x48,0x49,0x4a,0x4b,0x4c,0x4d,0x4e,0x4f, // |@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO|
+  0x50,0x51,0x52,0x53,0x54,0x55,0x56,0x57,0x58,0x59,0x5a,0x5b,0x5c,0x5d,0x5e,0x5f, // |PQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_|
+  0x60,0x61,0x62,0x63,0x64,0x65,0x66,0x67,0x68,0x69,0x6a,0x6b,0x6c,0x6d,0x6e,0x6f, // |`abcdefghijklmno|
+  0x70,0x71,0x72,0x73,0x74,0x75,0x76,0x77,0x78,0x79,0x7a,0x7b,0x7c,0x7d,0x7e,0x7f, // |pqrstuvwxyz{|}~.|
+  0x80,0x81,0x82,0x83,0x84,0x85,0x86,0x87,0x88,0x89,0x8a,0x8b,0x8c,0x8d,0x8e,0x8f, // |................|
+  0x90,0x91,0x92,0x93,0x94,0x95,0x96,0x97,0x98,0x99,0x9a,0x9b,0x9c,0x9d,0x9e,0x9f, // |................|
+  0xa0,0xa1,0xa2,0xa3,0xa4,0xa5,0xa6,0xa7,0xa8,0xa9,0xaa,0xab,0xac,0xad,0xae,0xaf, // |................|
+  0xb0,0xb1,0xb2,0xb3,0xb4,0xb5,0xb6,0xb7,0xb8,0xb9,0xba,0xbb,0xbc,0xbd,0xbe,0xbf, // |................|
+  0xc0,0xc1,0xc2,0xc3,0xc4,0xc5,0xc6,0xc7,0xc8,0xc9,0xca,0xcb,0xcc,0xcd,0xce,0xcf, // |................|
+  0xd0,0xd1,0xd2,0xd3,0xd4,0xd5,0xd6,0xd7,0xd8,0xd9,0xda,0xdb,0xdc,0xdd,0xde,0xdf, // |................|
+  0xe0,0xe1,0xe2,0xe3,0xe4,0xe5,0xe6,0xe7,0xe8,0xe9,0xea,0xeb,0xec,0xed,0xee,0xef, // |................|
+  0xf0,0xf1,0xf2,0xf3,0xf4,0xf5,0xf6,0xf7,0xf8,0xf9,0xfa,0xfb,0xfc,0xfd,0xfe,0xff, // |................|
+  0xff,0xfe,0xfd,0xfc,0xfb,0xfa,0xf9,0xf8,0xf7,0xf6,0xf5,0xf4,0xf3,0xf2,0xf1,0xf0, // |................|
+  0xef,0xee,0xed,0xec,0xeb,0xea,0xe9,0xe8,0xe7,0xe6,0xe5,0xe4,0xe3,0xe2,0xe1,0xe0, // |................|
+  0xdf,0xde,0xdd,0xdc,0xdb,0xda,0xd9,0xd8,0xd7,0xd6,0xd5,0xd4,0xd3,0xd2,0xd1,0xd0, // |................|
+  0xcf,0xce,0xcd,0xcc,0xcb,0xca,0xc9,0xc8,0xc7,0xc6,0xc5,0xc4,0xc3,0xc2,0xc1,0xc0, // |................|
+  0xbf,0xbe,0xbd,0xbc,0xbb,0xba,0xb9,0xb8,0xb7,0xb6,0xb5,0xb4,0xb3,0xb2,0xb1,0xb0, // |................|
+  0xaf,0xae,0xad,0xac,0xab,0xaa,0xa9,0xa8,0xa7,0xa6,0xa5,0xa4,0xa3,0xa2,0xa1,0xa0, // |................|
+  0x9f,0x9e,0x9d,0x9c,0x9b,0x9a,0x99,0x98,0x97,0x96,0x95,0x94,0x93,0x92,0x91,0x90, // |................|
+  0x8f,0x8e,0x8d,0x8c,0x8b,0x8a,0x89,0x88,0x87,0x86,0x85,0x84,0x83,0x82,0x81,0x80, // |................|
+  0x7f,0x7e,0x7d,0x7c,0x7b,0x7a,0x79,0x78,0x77,0x76,0x75,0x74,0x73,0x72,0x71,0x70, // |.~}|{zyxwvutsrqp|
+  0x6f,0x6e,0x6d,0x6c,0x6b,0x6a,0x69,0x68,0x67,0x66,0x65,0x64,0x63,0x62,0x61,0x60, // |onmlkjihgfedcba`|
+  0x5f,0x5e,0x5d,0x5c,0x5b,0x5a,0x59,0x58,0x57,0x56,0x55,0x54,0x53,0x52,0x51,0x50, // |_^]\[ZYXWVUTSRQP|
+  0x4f,0x4e,0x4d,0x4c,0x4b,0x4a,0x49,0x48,0x47,0x46,0x45,0x44,0x43,0x42,0x41,0x40, // |ONMLKJIHGFEDCBA@|
+  0x3f,0x3e,0x3d,0x3c,0x3b,0x3a,0x39,0x38,0x37,0x36,0x35,0x34,0x33,0x32,0x31,0x30, // |?>=<;:9876543210|
+  0x2f,0x2e,0x2d,0x2c,0x2b,0x2a,0x29,0x28,0x27,0x26,0x25,0x24,0x23,0x22,0x21,0x20, // |/.-,+*)('&%$#"! |
+  0x1f,0x1e,0x1d,0x1c,0x1b,0x1a,0x19,0x18,0x17,0x16,0x15,0x14,0x13,0x12,0x11,0x10, // |................|
+  0x0f,0x0e,0x0d,0x0c,0x0b,0x0a,0x09,0x08,0x07,0x06,0x05,0x04,0x03,0x02,0x01,0x00, // |................|
+  0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // |................|
+  0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // |................|
+  0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // |................|
+  0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // |................|
+  0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // |................|
+  0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // |................|
+  0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // |................|
+  0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // |................|
+  0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20, // |                |
+  0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20, // |                |
+  0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20, // |                |
+  0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20, // |                |
+  0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20, // |                |
+  0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20, // |                |
+  0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20, // |                |
+  0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20  // |                |
+};
+
+
+
+// **************************************************************************
+// **************************************************************************
+//
+// CompressAFS ()
+//
+// Compress data in Hudson's 4-bit length, 12-bit offset LZSS, with preload.
+//
+// The window offset is stored as relative to the start of the preload data,
+// and not as a delta from the current output, and some games do not use all
+// of the 4096-byte preload and start compressing at offset $xFEE instead of
+// $x000.
+//
+// With a window start of $0FEE, this method is used by (at least) ...
+//  Anearth Fantasy Stories
+//
+// The bit buffer is stored lo-hi.
+//
+// The compressed data is preceded by an 8-byte header containing the sizes
+// of both the compressed and uncompressed data.
+//
+
+uint8_t * CompressAFS (
+  uint8_t * pSrcBuffer, unsigned uSrcLength,
+  uint8_t * pDstBuffer, unsigned uDstLength )
+
+{
+  // Local Variables.
+
+  int iSrcOffset = 0;
+  int iCopyCount = 0;
+  int iSkipCount;
+
+  int iHashValue;
+  int iSrcRemain;
+  int iBestOffset;
+  int iBestLength;
+  int iNextOffset;
+  int iNextLength;
+
+  uint8_t * pTmpBuffer = NULL;
+
+  bool usePreload = true;
+
+  // Set the search parameters for this particular LZSS-variant.
+
+  const int iMinMatch = 3;
+  const int iMaxMatch = 18;
+  const int iMaxDelta = 0x1000;
+
+  // Initialize the hash table and window for string matching.
+
+  InitStringMatch();
+
+  // Initialize the output, which begins with an 8-byte chunk header.
+
+  g_pOutBuffer = pDstBuffer + 8;
+  g_uOutLength = uDstLength - 8;
+
+  BitInit();
+
+  // Write the uncompressed length to the chunk header.
+
+  pDstBuffer[4] = (uint8_t) (uSrcLength & 255);
+  pDstBuffer[5] = (uint8_t) (uSrcLength / 256);
+  pDstBuffer[6] = 0;
+  pDstBuffer[7] = 0;
+
+  // Handle preload by creating a copy of the pSrcBuffer.
+  //
+  // Hudson's AFS only uses 0x0FEE bytes out of the 0x1000 byte preload!
+
+  pTmpBuffer = (uint8_t *) malloc( uSrcLength + 0x0FEE );
+
+  memcpy( pTmpBuffer + 0x0000, g_aHudsonPreload, 0x0FEE );
+  memcpy( pTmpBuffer + 0x0FEE, pSrcBuffer, uSrcLength );
+
+  pSrcBuffer = pTmpBuffer;
+  uSrcLength = uSrcLength + 0x0FEE;
+
+  if (usePreload)
+  {
+    // Add preload data to the window of known strings.
+
+    while (iSrcOffset != 0x0FEE)
+    {
+      iHashValue = CALC_HASH( iSrcOffset );
+
+      g_pPrevOffset[ iSrcOffset & HASH_WIN_MASK ] = g_pHashOffset[ iHashValue ];
+      g_pHashOffset[ iHashValue ] = iSrcOffset;
+
+      ++iSrcOffset;
+    }
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    // Ignore the preload data, but still start at offset 0x0FEE to keep
+    // Hudson's decompressor happy.
+
+    iSrcOffset = 0x0FEE;
+  }
+
+  // Loop around encoding strings until the buffer is empty.
+
+  for (;;)
+  {
+    // Update the window and calc how much data is left to compress.
+
+    iSrcRemain = uSrcLength - iSrcOffset;
+
+    if (iSrcRemain < iMinMatch) {
+      iSrcOffset += iSrcRemain;
+      iCopyCount += iSrcRemain;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // Find the best match at the current position.
+
+    iBestLength = 0;
+
+    if (iSrcOffset != 0) {
+      FindStringMatch( &iBestOffset, &iBestLength, pSrcBuffer, uSrcLength, iSrcOffset, iMaxDelta, iMaxMatch );
+    }
+
+    // Move the window on by 1 byte.
+
+    iHashValue = CALC_HASH( iSrcOffset );
+
+    g_pPrevOffset[ iSrcOffset & HASH_WIN_MASK ] = g_pHashOffset[ iHashValue ];
+    g_pHashOffset[ iHashValue ] = iSrcOffset;
+
+    // Lazy match (compresses up to 1% better on a good day, usually less).
+    //
+    // Basically, if you can compress 1 extra byte, then that is a better thing
+    // to do instead of encoding 2 literals after the current match.
+
+    if (g_fLazyMatch)
+    {
+      if ((iBestLength >= iMinMatch) && (iBestLength < iMaxMatch) && (iSrcRemain != iMinMatch))
+      {
+        FindStringMatch( &iNextOffset, &iNextLength, pSrcBuffer, uSrcLength, iSrcOffset + 1, iMaxDelta, iMaxMatch );
+
+        if (iNextLength > iBestLength) {
+          ++iCopyCount;
+          ++iSrcOffset;
+          iBestLength = iNextLength;
+          iBestOffset = iNextOffset;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Keep track of COPY bytes, but don't process them, yet.
+
+    if (iBestLength < iMinMatch) {
+      ++iCopyCount;
+      ++iSrcOffset;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // First, write any COPY bytes.
+
+    if (iCopyCount)
+    {
+      uint8_t * pCopyFrom = pSrcBuffer + iSrcOffset - iCopyCount;
+
+      do {
+        // Signal that COPY is next.
+
+        BitWriteLoHi( 1 );
+
+        *g_pOutBuffer++ = *pCopyFrom++;
+      } while (--iCopyCount);
+    }
+
+    // Then write the LZSS "match".
+    //
+    // Mark this as an LZSS and not a COPY.
+
+    BitWriteLoHi( 0 );
+
+    // In Hudson's compression, the offset is not relative to the output, but
+    // is actually the index into the 4KB window[] array!
+
+    g_pOutBuffer[0] = (uint8_t) (iBestOffset & 255);
+    g_pOutBuffer[1] = (uint8_t) ((0xF0u & (iBestOffset >> 4)) + (iBestLength - 3));
+
+    g_pOutBuffer += 2;
+
+    // Skip passed "matched" bytes, updating the window contents.
+
+    ++iSrcOffset;
+
+    iSkipCount = iBestLength - 1;
+
+    while (iSkipCount--)
+    {
+      iHashValue = CALC_HASH( iSrcOffset );
+
+      g_pPrevOffset[ iSrcOffset & HASH_WIN_MASK ] = g_pHashOffset[ iHashValue ];
+      g_pHashOffset[ iHashValue ] = iSrcOffset;
+
+      ++iSrcOffset;
+    }
+
+  } // End of "for (;;)"
+
+  // Encode the last COPY byte(s) (if there are any).
+
+  if (iCopyCount)
+  {
+    uint8_t * pCopyFrom = pSrcBuffer + iSrcOffset - iCopyCount;
+
+    do {
+      // Signal that COPY is next.
+
+      BitWriteLoHi( 1 );
+
+      *g_pOutBuffer++ = *pCopyFrom++;
+    } while (--iCopyCount);
+  }
+
+  // Write the compressed length to the chunk header.
+
+  uDstLength = g_pOutBuffer - (pDstBuffer + 8);
+
+  pDstBuffer[0] = (uint8_t) (uDstLength & 255);
+  pDstBuffer[1] = (uint8_t) (uDstLength / 256);
+  pDstBuffer[2] = 0;
+  pDstBuffer[3] = 0;
+
+  // Free up the preload buffer.
+
+  if (pTmpBuffer != NULL)
+    free( pTmpBuffer );
+
+  // All done.
+
+  return (g_pOutBuffer);
+}
+
+
+
+// **************************************************************************
+// **************************************************************************
+//
+// DecompressAFS ()
+//
+// Decompress data in Hudson's 4-bit length, 12-bit offset LZSS, with buffer
+// preload.
+//
+// The window offset is stored as relative to the start of the preload data,
+// and not as a delta from the current output, and some games do not use all
+// of the 4096-byte preload and start compressing at offset $xFEE instead of
+// $x000.
+//
+// With a window start of $0FEE, this method is used by (at least) ...
+//  Anearth Fantasy Stories
+//
+// The bit buffer is stored lo-hi.
+//
+// The compressed data is preceded by an 8-byte header containing the sizes
+// of both the compressed and uncompressed data.
+//
+
+uint8_t * DecompressAFS (
+  uint8_t * pSrcBuffer, unsigned uSrcLength,
+  uint8_t * pDstBuffer, unsigned uDstLength )
+
+{
+  // Local Variables.
+
+  int iSrcLength;
+  int iDstLength;
+
+  int iSrcOffset = 0;
+  int iDstOffset = 0;
+  int iMatchLength = 0;
+
+  uint8_t uBitMask = 0;
+  uint8_t uBitFlag = 0;
+
+  int iWinOffset;
+  int iMatchOffset;
+
+  uint8_t aWinBuffer[ 4096 ];
+
+  // Initialize the ring-buffer window.
+
+  memcpy( aWinBuffer, g_aHudsonPreload, 4096 );
+
+  iWinOffset = 0x0FEE;
+
+  // Read the compressed and decompressed sizes from the header.
+
+  iSrcLength = pSrcBuffer[0] + (0x00000100 * pSrcBuffer[1]) + (0x00010000 * pSrcBuffer[2]) + (0x01000000 * pSrcBuffer[3]);
+  iDstLength = pSrcBuffer[4] + (0x00000100 * pSrcBuffer[5]) + (0x00010000 * pSrcBuffer[6]) + (0x01000000 * pSrcBuffer[7]);
+
+  if ((iSrcLength < 0) || (uSrcLength < (unsigned) (iSrcLength + 8))) {
+    printf( "hulz - ERROR, header indicates some compressed data is missing!\n" );
+    return (NULL);
+  }
+
+  iSrcLength += 8;
+
+  if ((iDstLength < 0) || (uDstLength < (unsigned) (iDstLength))) {
+    printf( "hulz - ERROR, header says the decompressed data is more than %u bytes!\n", uDstLength );
+    return (NULL);
+  }
+
+  iSrcOffset = 8;
+
+  // Loop around decompressing data bytes until something stops us.
+
+  while ((iSrcOffset <= iSrcLength) && (iDstOffset < iDstLength))
+  {
+    if (iMatchLength == 0)
+    {
+      // Before starting a new COPY or MATCH, is there any data left to decompress?
+
+      if (iSrcOffset >= (int) uSrcLength) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // Do we need to load another byte of flag bits?
+
+      if (uBitMask == 0) {
+        uBitFlag = pSrcBuffer[ iSrcOffset++ ];
+        uBitMask = 0x01;
+      }
+
+      if (uBitFlag & uBitMask) {
+        // COPY 1 byte.
+
+        pDstBuffer[ iDstOffset++ ] =
+        aWinBuffer[ iWinOffset++ ] = pSrcBuffer[ iSrcOffset++ ];
+        iWinOffset &= 0x0FFF;
+      } else {
+        // Read MATCH offset.
+
+        iMatchOffset = pSrcBuffer[ iSrcOffset++ ];
+        iMatchOffset = iMatchOffset + 256 * (pSrcBuffer[ iSrcOffset ] >> 4);
+
+        // Read MATCH length.
+
+        iMatchLength = (pSrcBuffer[ iSrcOffset++ ] & 15) + 3;
+      }
+
+      uBitMask <<= 1;
+    } else {
+      // MATCH 1 byte.
+
+      pDstBuffer[ iDstOffset++ ] =
+      aWinBuffer[ iWinOffset++ ] = aWinBuffer[ iMatchOffset++ ];
+      iWinOffset   &= 0x0FFF;
+      iMatchOffset &= 0x0FFF;
+      --iMatchLength;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Warn the user if something seems to be wrong.
+
+  if ((iMatchLength != 0) || (iDstOffset != iDstLength)) {
+    printf( "hulz - WARNING, decompessed data length does not match length in header!\n" );
+  } else {
+    if (iSrcOffset != iSrcLength) {
+      printf( "hulz - WARNING, read passed the end of compressed data!\n" );
+    } else {
+      if (uBitMask != 0) {
+        do {
+          if (uBitFlag & uBitMask) {
+            printf( "hulz - WARNING, flag bits indicate the input file is too short!\n" );
+          }
+          uBitMask <<= 1;
+        } while (uBitMask != 0);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (pDstBuffer + iDstOffset);
+}
+
+
+
+// **************************************************************************
+// **************************************************************************
+//
+// CompressLZ8 ()
+//
+// Compress data in Elmer's 16-bit length, 8-bit offset LZ4-variant.
+//
+// The window offset is stored as relative to the start of the data, and not
+// as a delta from the current output, which is quicker for decompression to
+// a page-aligned output (or ring-buffer).
+//
+// Both COPY and MATCH counts are encoded as variable-length formats, either
+// nibble or nibble+byte or nibble+byte+word.
+//
+// The nibble buffer is stored hi-lo.
+//
+// N.B. This is a pretty useless format, please use ZX0 instead!
+//
+
+uint8_t * CompressLZ8 (
+  uint8_t * pSrcBuffer, unsigned uSrcLength,
+  uint8_t * pDstBuffer, unsigned uDstLength )
+
+{
+  // Local Variables.
+
+  int iSrcOffset = 0;
+  int iCopyCount = 0;
+  int iSkipCount;
+
+  int iHashValue;
+  int iSrcRemain;
+  int iBestOffset;
+  int iBestLength;
+  int iNextOffset;
+  int iNextLength;
+  int iPrevOffset = 0;
+  int iPrevLength = 0;
+
+  // Set the search parameters for this particular LZSS-variant.
+
+  const int iMinMatch = 2;
+  const int iMaxMatch = 65536;
+  const int iMaxDelta = 256;
+
+  // Initialize the hash table and window for string matching.
+
+  InitStringMatch();
+
+  // Initialize the output.
+
+  g_pOutBuffer = pDstBuffer;
+  g_uOutLength = uDstLength;
+
+  BitInit();
+  NibbleInit();
+
+  // Loop around encoding strings until the buffer is empty.
+
+  for (;;)
+  {
+    // Update the window and calc how much data is left to compress.
+
+    iSrcRemain = uSrcLength - iSrcOffset;
+
+    if (iSrcRemain < iMinMatch) {
+      iSrcOffset += iSrcRemain;
+      iCopyCount += iSrcRemain;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // Find the best match at the current position.
+
+    iBestLength = 0;
+
+    if (iSrcOffset != 0) {
+      FindStringMatch( &iBestOffset, &iBestLength, pSrcBuffer, uSrcLength, iSrcOffset, iMaxDelta, iMaxMatch );
+    }
+
+    // Move the window on by 1 byte.
+
+    iHashValue = CALC_HASH( iSrcOffset );
+
+    g_pPrevOffset[ iSrcOffset & HASH_WIN_MASK ] = g_pHashOffset[ iHashValue ];
+    g_pHashOffset[ iHashValue ] = iSrcOffset;
+
+    // Lazy match (compresses up to 1% better on a good day, usually less).
+    //
+    // With variable-length encoding, the cost of ignoring the current match is
+    // rather ugly to calculate.
+
+    if (g_fLazyMatch)
+    {
+      if ((iBestLength >= iMinMatch) && (iBestLength < iMaxMatch) && (iSrcRemain != iMinMatch))
+      {
+        int iLazyCost = 8;
+
+        FindStringMatch( &iNextOffset, &iNextLength, pSrcBuffer, uSrcLength, iSrcOffset + 1, iMaxDelta, iMaxMatch );
+
+        if (iCopyCount == 0) {
+          iLazyCost += 4;
+        } else
+        if (iCopyCount == 15) {
+          iLazyCost += 8;
+        } else
+        if (iCopyCount == 255) {
+          iLazyCost += 16;
+        }
+
+        if (iBestLength <= 16) {
+          if (iNextLength > 256) {
+            iLazyCost += 16;
+          } else
+          if (iNextLength > 16) {
+            iLazyCost += 8;
+          }
+        } else
+        if (iBestLength <= 256) {
+          if (iNextLength > 256) {
+            iLazyCost += 16;
+          }
+        }
+
+        iLazyCost = (iLazyCost + 7) / 8;
+
+        if (iNextLength >= (iBestLength + iLazyCost)) {
+          ++iCopyCount;
+          ++iSrcOffset;
+          iBestLength = iNextLength;
+          iBestOffset = iNextOffset;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Keep track of COPY bytes, but don't process them, yet.
+
+    if (iBestLength < iMinMatch) {
+      ++iCopyCount;
+      ++iSrcOffset;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Got a new LZSS match!
+    //
+    // First, write the previous match now that we know what follows it.
+
+    if (iPrevLength) {
+      // Save LZSS length with "followed-by-copy-or-lzss" flag in the bottom bit.
+
+      int iTempLength = ((iPrevLength - 1) * 2) + ((iCopyCount == 0) ? 1 : 0);
+
+      if (iTempLength < 16) {
+        NibbleWriteHiLo( iTempLength );
+      } else {
+        NibbleWriteHiLo( 0 );
+        if (iTempLength < 256) {
+          *g_pOutBuffer++ = iTempLength;
+        } else {
+          *g_pOutBuffer++ = 0;
+          *g_pOutBuffer++ = (iTempLength >> 8);
+          *g_pOutBuffer++ = (iTempLength & 255);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Save LZSS offset.
+
+      *g_pOutBuffer++ = iPrevOffset & 255;
+    }
+
+    // Then write any COPY bytes.
+
+    if (iCopyCount) {
+      uint8_t * pCopyFrom;
+
+      // Save COPY length.
+
+      if (iCopyCount < 16) {
+        NibbleWriteHiLo( iCopyCount );
+      } else {
+        NibbleWriteHiLo( 0 );
+        if (iCopyCount < 256) {
+          *g_pOutBuffer++ = iCopyCount;
+        } else {
+          *g_pOutBuffer++ = 0;
+          *g_pOutBuffer++ = (iCopyCount >> 8) - (((iCopyCount & 255) == 0) ? 1 : 0);
+          *g_pOutBuffer++ = (iCopyCount & 255);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Save each individual COPY byte.
+
+      pCopyFrom = pSrcBuffer + iSrcOffset - iCopyCount;
+
+      do {
+        *g_pOutBuffer++ = *pCopyFrom++;
+      } while (--iCopyCount);
+    }
+
+    // Remember the LZSS "match", but don't write it until we know what follows it.
+
+    iPrevLength = iBestLength;
+    iPrevOffset = iBestOffset;
+
+    // Skip passed "matched" bytes, updating the window contents.
+
+    ++iSrcOffset;
+
+    iSkipCount = iBestLength - 1;
+
+    while (iSkipCount--)
+    {
+      iHashValue = CALC_HASH( iSrcOffset );
+
+      g_pPrevOffset[ iSrcOffset & HASH_WIN_MASK ] = g_pHashOffset[ iHashValue ];
+      g_pHashOffset[ iHashValue ] = iSrcOffset;
+
+      ++iSrcOffset;
+    }
+
+  } // End of "for (;;)"
+
+  // We have now reached the end of the data to compress!
+  //
+  // First, write the previous match now that we know what follows it.
+
+  if (iPrevLength) {
+    // Save LZSS length with "what-comes-next" flag in the bottom bit.
+
+    int iTempLength = ((iPrevLength - 1) * 2) + ((iCopyCount == 0) ? 1 : 0);
+
+    if (iTempLength < 16) {
+      NibbleWriteHiLo( iTempLength );
+    } else {
+      NibbleWriteHiLo( 0 );
+      if (iTempLength < 256) {
+        *g_pOutBuffer++ = iTempLength;
+      } else {
+        *g_pOutBuffer++ = 0;
+        *g_pOutBuffer++ = (iTempLength >> 8);
+        *g_pOutBuffer++ = (iTempLength & 255);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Save LZSS offset.
+
+    *g_pOutBuffer++ = iPrevOffset & 255;
+  }
+
+  // Write the last COPY byte(s) (if there are any).
+
+  if (iCopyCount) {
+    uint8_t * pCopyFrom;
+
+    // Save COPY length.
+
+    if (iCopyCount < 16) {
+      NibbleWriteHiLo( iCopyCount );
+    } else {
+      NibbleWriteHiLo( 0 );
+      if (iCopyCount < 256) {
+        *g_pOutBuffer++ = iCopyCount;
+      } else {
+        *g_pOutBuffer++ = 0;
+        *g_pOutBuffer++ = (iCopyCount >> 8) - (((iCopyCount & 255) == 0) ? 1 : 0);
+        *g_pOutBuffer++ = (iCopyCount & 255);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Save each individual COPY byte.
+
+    pCopyFrom = pSrcBuffer + iSrcOffset - iCopyCount;
+
+    do {
+      *g_pOutBuffer++ = *pCopyFrom++;
+    } while (--iCopyCount);
+  }
+
+  // Write the end-of-file token.
+
+  NibbleWriteHiLo( 0 );
+
+  *g_pOutBuffer++ = 1;
+
+  // All done.
+
+  return (g_pOutBuffer);
+}
+
+
+
+// **************************************************************************
+// **************************************************************************
+//
+// DecompressLZ8 ()
+//
+// Compress data in Elmer's 16-bit length, 8-bit offset LZ4-variant.
+//
+// The window offset is stored as relative to the start of the data, and not
+// as a delta from the current output, which is quicker for decompression to
+// a page-aligned output (or ring-buffer).
+//
+// Both COPY and MATCH counts are encoded as variable-length formats, either
+// nibble or nibble+byte or nibble+byte+word.
+//
+// The nibble buffer is stored hi-lo.
+//
+// N.B. This is a pretty useless format, please use ZX0 instead!
+//
+
+uint8_t * DecompressLZ8 (
+  uint8_t * pSrcBuffer, unsigned uSrcLength,
+  uint8_t * pDstBuffer, unsigned uDstLength )
+
+{
+  // Local Variables.
+
+  int iSrcOffset = 0;
+  int iDstOffset = 0;
+
+  int iMatchIsNext = 0;
+
+  int iCopyLength = 0;
+  int iMatchLength = 0;
+
+  uint8_t * pNibbleOffset = NULL;
+
+  uint8_t uWinOffset = 0;
+  uint8_t uMatchOffset;
+
+  uint8_t aWinBuffer[ 256 ];
+
+  // Initialize the ring-buffer window.
+  //
+  // N.B. I *hate* LZSS decompressors using a ring-buffer, it isn't needed
+  // unless you are using a preload, and it just obfuscates the simplicity
+  // of the LZSS algorithm ... but I guess that it's a simple way to avoid
+        // reading outside the buffer area if we're given bad data to decompress.
+
+  memset( aWinBuffer, 0, 256 );
+
+  // Loop around decompressing data bytes until something stops us.
+
+  while ((iSrcOffset <= (int) uSrcLength) && (iDstOffset < (int) uDstLength))
+  {
+    if ((iCopyLength == 0) && (iMatchLength == 0))
+    {
+      int iLength;
+
+      // Before starting a new COPY or MATCH, is there any data left to decompress?
+      //
+      // This shouldn't be necessary with an EOF marker, but it helps if given bad
+      // data.
+
+      if (iSrcOffset >= (int) uSrcLength) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // Read the next length.
+
+      if (pNibbleOffset == NULL) {
+        pNibbleOffset = pSrcBuffer + iSrcOffset++;
+        iLength = (*pNibbleOffset >> 4);
+      } else {
+        iLength = (*pNibbleOffset & 15);
+        pNibbleOffset = NULL;
+      }
+
+      if (iLength == 0) {
+        // Read 8-bit length.
+
+        iLength = pSrcBuffer[ iSrcOffset++ ];
+
+        if (iLength == 1) {
+          // Got EOF marker.
+
+          break;
+        }
+
+        if (iLength == 0) {
+          // Read 16-bit length.
+
+          iLength = 256 * pSrcBuffer[ iSrcOffset++ ];
+          iLength = iLength + pSrcBuffer[ iSrcOffset++ ];
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Now that we've got the length, what to do with it?
+
+      if (iMatchIsNext == 0) {
+        iMatchIsNext = 1;
+
+        // Set COPY length.
+
+        iCopyLength = iLength;
+        if ((iLength & 255) == 0) iCopyLength += 256;
+      } else {
+        iMatchIsNext = iLength & 1;
+
+        // Set MATCH length.
+
+        iMatchLength = (iLength >> 1) + 1;
+
+        // Get MATCH offset.
+
+        uMatchOffset = pSrcBuffer[ iSrcOffset++ ];
+      }
+    } else {
+                        // There's still an incomplete COPY or MATCH to process.
+
+      if (iMatchLength == 0) {
+        // COPY 1 byte.
+
+        pDstBuffer[ iDstOffset++ ] =
+        aWinBuffer[ uWinOffset++ ] = pSrcBuffer[ iSrcOffset++ ];
+        --iCopyLength;
+      } else {
+        // MATCH 1 byte.
+
+        pDstBuffer[ iDstOffset++ ] =
+        aWinBuffer[ uWinOffset++ ] = aWinBuffer[ uMatchOffset++ ];
+        --iMatchLength;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Warn the user if something seems to be wrong.
+
+  if (iDstOffset == (int) uDstLength) {
+    printf( "hulz - WARNING, too much decompessed data, output truncated!\n" );
+  } else
+  if ((iCopyLength != 0) || (iMatchLength != 0) || (iSrcOffset != (int) uSrcLength)) {
+    printf( "hulz - WARNING, read passed the end of compressed data!\n" );
+    printf( "hulz - The file is probably too short.\n" );
+  }
+
+  return (pDstBuffer + iDstOffset);
+}
+
+
+
+// **************************************************************************
+// **************************************************************************
+//
+// ReadBinaryFile ()
+//
+// Uses POSIX file functions rather than C file functions.
+//
+// Google "FIO19-C" for the reason why.
+//
+// N.B. Will return an error for files larger than 2GB on a 32-bit system.
+//
+// N.B. Pads allocated buffer size to next 16-byte boundary.
+//
+
+bool ReadBinaryFile ( const char *pName, uint8_t **pBuffer, size_t *pLength )
+{
+  uint8_t *     pData = NULL;
+  off_t         uSize;
+  struct stat   cStat;
+
+  int hFile = open( pName, O_BINARY | O_RDONLY );
+
+  if (hFile == -1)
+    goto errorExit;
+
+  if ((fstat( hFile, &cStat ) != 0) || (!S_ISREG( cStat.st_mode )))
+    goto errorExit;
+
+  if (cStat.st_size > SSIZE_MAX)
+    goto errorExit;
+
+  uSize = cStat.st_size;
+
+  pData = (uint8_t *) calloc( (uSize + 15) >> 4, 16 );
+
+  if (pData == NULL)
+    goto errorExit;
+
+  if (read( hFile, pData, uSize ) != uSize)
+    goto errorExit;
+
+  close(  hFile );
+
+  *pBuffer = pData;
+  *pLength = uSize;
+
+  return (true);
+
+  // Handle errors.
+
+errorExit:
+
+  if (pData != NULL) free( pData );
+  if (hFile >= 0) close( hFile );
+
+  *pBuffer = NULL;
+  *pLength = 0;
+
+  return (false);
+}
+
+
+
+// **************************************************************************
+// **************************************************************************
+//
+// WriteBinaryFile ()
+//
+// Uses POSIX file functions rather than C file functions, just because
+// it might save some space since ReadBinaryFile() uses POSIX functions.
+//
+
+bool WriteBinaryFile ( const char *pName, uint8_t *pBuffer, size_t iLength )
+{
+  int hFile = open( pName, O_BINARY | O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, S_IREAD | S_IWRITE );
+
+  if (hFile == -1)
+    goto errorExit;
+
+  if (write( hFile, pBuffer, iLength) != iLength )
+    goto errorExit;
+
+  close( hFile );
+
+  return (true);
+
+  // Handle errors.
+
+errorExit:
+
+  if (hFile >= 0) close( hFile );
+
+  return (false);
+}
+
+
+
+// **************************************************************************
+// **************************************************************************
+//
+// ProcessFile ()
+//
+
+int ProcessFile ( const char *pSrcName, const char *pDstName )
+
+{
+  // Local variables.
+
+  uint8_t * pSrcBuffer = NULL;
+  size_t  uSrcLength = 0;
+
+  uint8_t * pDstBuffer = NULL;
+  size_t  uDstLength = 0;
+
+  uint8_t * pDstFinish = NULL;
+
+  // Read the original data from the source file.
+
+  if (!ReadBinaryFile( pSrcName, &pSrcBuffer, &uSrcLength ))
+  {
+    printf( "hulz - Unable to read \"%s\" into memory!\n", pSrcName );
+    return (1);
+  }
+
+  // Some of Hudson's compression schemes are limited to a 16-bit length.
+
+  if (uSrcLength > 65536)
+  {
+    printf( "hulz - File is too big, PC Engine compression is limited to 64KB!\n" );
+    return (1);
+  }
+
+  // Allocate 128KB of memory for the compresed data.
+
+  uDstLength = 128 * 1024;
+  pDstBuffer = malloc( uDstLength );
+
+  // Compress or decompress the data using the desired method.
+
+  if (g_fDecompress) {
+    if (g_pDecompressFunc == NULL) {
+      printf( "hulz - Decompression method not specified!\n" );
+      return (1);
+    }
+    pDstFinish = (*g_pDecompressFunc)( pSrcBuffer, (int) uSrcLength,  pDstBuffer, (int) uDstLength );
+  } else {
+    if (g_pCompressorFunc == NULL) {
+      printf( "hulz - Compression method not specified!\n" );
+      return (1);
+    }
+    pDstFinish = (*g_pCompressorFunc)( pSrcBuffer, (int) uSrcLength,  pDstBuffer, (int) uDstLength );
+  }
+
+  if (pDstFinish == NULL)
+  {
+    return (1);
+  }
+
+  // Write the compressed data to the output file.
+
+  if (!WriteBinaryFile( pDstName, pDstBuffer, pDstFinish - pDstBuffer ))
+  {
+    printf( "hulz - Unable to write output file \"%s\"!\n", pDstName );
+    return (1);
+  }
+
+  // Free up the buffers before finishing.
+
+  free( pDstBuffer );
+  free( pSrcBuffer );
+
+  return (0);
+}
+
+
+
+// **************************************************************************
+// **************************************************************************
+//
+// ProcessOption ()
+//
+
+int ProcessOption ( char * pOption )
+
+{
+  // Process option string.
+
+  switch( pOption[1] )
+  {
+    // Display help.
+
+    case '?':
+    case 'h':
+    {
+      printf
+        (
+          "Purpose    : Compress data with various methods used on the PC Engine\n"
+          "\n"
+          "Usage      : hulz [<option>] <input-file> <output-file>\n"
+          "\n"
+          "<option>   : Option........Description........................................\n"
+          "\n"
+          "             -afs          Hudson's 4-bit length, 12-bit offset, with preload\n"
+          "             -tm2          Hudson's 4-bit length, 8-bit offset, older version\n"
+          "             -ys4          Hudson's 4-bit length, 8-bit offset, newer version\n"
+//        "             -lz8          Elmer's 16-bit length, 8-bit offset, similar to LZ4\n"
+          "\n"
+          "             -d            Decompress (the default is to compress)\n"
+          "             -g            Use Greedy matching (the default is Lazy)\n"
+          "\n"
+        );
+
+      return (0);
+    }
+
+    // Select compression method.
+
+    case 'a':
+    {
+      if ( strcmp(&pOption[1], "afs") == 0 ) {
+        g_pCompressorFunc = CompressAFS;
+        g_pDecompressFunc = DecompressAFS;
+        return (0);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case 'd':
+    {
+      if ( strcmp(&pOption[1], "d") == 0 ) {
+        g_fDecompress = true;
+        return (0);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case 'g':
+    {
+      if ( strcmp(&pOption[1], "g") == 0 ) {
+        g_fLazyMatch = false;
+        return (0);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case 'l':
+    {
+      if ( strcmp(&pOption[1], "lz8") == 0 ) {
+        g_pCompressorFunc = CompressLZ8;
+        g_pDecompressFunc = DecompressLZ8;
+        return (0);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case 't':
+    {
+      if ( strcmp(&pOption[1], "tm2") == 0 ) {
+        g_pCompressorFunc = CompressHLZ;
+        g_pDecompressFunc = DecompressHLZ;
+        g_iWindowFix = 0xEF;
+        return (0);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case 'y':
+    {
+      if ( strcmp(&pOption[1], "ys4") == 0 ) {
+        g_pCompressorFunc = CompressHLZ;
+        g_pDecompressFunc = DecompressHLZ;
+        g_iWindowFix = 0x00;
+        return (0);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // Unknown option.
+
+    default:
+    {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // It's an unrecognized option!
+
+  printf( "hulz - Unknown option \"%s\"!\n", pOption );
+
+  return (1);
+}
+
+
+
+// **************************************************************************
+// **************************************************************************
+//
+// main ()
+//
+
+int main ( int argc, char **argv )
+
+{
+  // Local variables.
+
+  int i;
+
+  const char * pSrcName = NULL;
+  const char * pDstName = NULL;
+
+  // Sign on.
+
+  printf("\n%s by John Brandwood\n\n", VERSION_STR);
+
+  // Check the command line arguments.
+
+  if (argc < 2)
+  {
+    ProcessOption("-?");
+    goto exit;
+  }
+
+  // Read through and process the arguments.
+
+  for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+  {
+    if ((*argv[i] == '-') || (*argv[i] == '/'))
+    {
+      if (ProcessOption(argv[i]) != 0) goto exit;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      if (pSrcName == NULL) {
+        pSrcName = argv[i];
+      } else
+      if (pDstName == NULL) {
+        pDstName = argv[i];
+      } else {
+        printf( "hulz - Too many filenames!\n" );
+        return (1);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Then compress/decompress the requested file.
+
+  if (pSrcName == NULL) {
+    printf( "hulz - Source filename missing!\n" );
+    return (1);
+  }
+
+  if (pDstName == NULL) {
+    printf( "hulz - Destination filename missing!\n" );
+    return (1);
+  }
+
+  if (ProcessFile( pSrcName, pDstName )) goto exit;
+
+  // Program exit.
+  //
+  // This will either be dropped through to if everything is OK, or 'goto'ed
+  // if there was an error.
+
+exit:
+
+  // All done.
+
+  return (0);
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/hulz/targetver.h b/src/tools/hulz/targetver.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9ff8e865
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/hulz/targetver.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#ifndef _TARGETVER_h
+#define _TARGETVER_h
+
+// Set the minimum supported platform (WINXP/WIN6/WIN7).
+#define _WIN32_WINNT _WIN32_WINNT_WINXP
+
+// Use _WIN32_WINNT to set up NTDDI_VERSION, WINVER, and _WIN32_IE.
+#include <sdkddkver.h>
+
+#endif

From 32d3907a7092d9fcb5c3cd49ad787b235bd6da80 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Mon, 5 Feb 2024 22:59:54 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 37/40] Add -raw flag that was missing from cd-core-scsitest
 makefile.

---
 examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-scsitest/Makefile | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-scsitest/Makefile b/examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-scsitest/Makefile
index f24643fe..b10eb262 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-scsitest/Makefile
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-scsitest/Makefile
@@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ scsitest.ovl: $(SRC_OVL) $(SRC_INC) scsitest.pce
 	$(AS) $(AFLAGS) -cd -overlay scsitest.asm
 
 scsitest.pce: $(SRC_OVL) $(SRC_INC)
-	$(AS) $(AFLAGS) scsitest.asm
+	$(AS) $(AFLAGS) -raw scsitest.asm

From 3e22eb80631dc595c81fce8560c5bd8877e09b95 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Mon, 5 Feb 2024 23:07:59 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 38/40] Change unpack_zx0 to share Elias Gamma code, and
 provide build flags. Optional optimized VDC decompressor when using a small
 VDC window.

---
 examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-2stage/stage2.asm  |   6 +
 examples/asm/elmer/data/saz_vdc.zx0.256       | Bin 0 -> 5643 bytes
 examples/asm/elmer/include/unpack-zx0.asm     | 889 ++++++++++++++----
 .../asm/elmer/scd-core-2stage-error/error.asm |  11 +-
 4 files changed, 731 insertions(+), 175 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 examples/asm/elmer/data/saz_vdc.zx0.256

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-2stage/stage2.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-2stage/stage2.asm
index 33382a17..2180005c 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-2stage/stage2.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/cd-core-2stage/stage2.asm
@@ -65,6 +65,12 @@ CHR_0x20	=	CHR_ZERO + 32		; ASCII ' ' CHR tile #.
 
 USING_STAGE1	=	1
 
+		;
+		; Since we don't use it here, let's verify that this works.
+		;
+
+SUPPORT_ZX0VRAM	=	0			; Include decompress-to-VRAM?
+
 		;
 		; Include the library, reading the project's configuration
 		; settings from the local "core-config.inc", if it exists.
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/data/saz_vdc.zx0.256 b/examples/asm/elmer/data/saz_vdc.zx0.256
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..51dbc65c2e60f882eaec7592be6ffdafc71cf078
GIT binary patch
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z><K#H31~St>k)f10__Tjr<UED8W;%~{}b*wIXrMky1crXyhA^nTE?NNZ#peqR*)mC
zCbA82j5sG)-|K?g3xk)}rtUii@>6PKhM>)%8heFq9talj_LBk3eWR6jKRcHQ$MumI
zOHHn@5m)QFbElme_3RJo=VPf&$jk9147ZA*=q>g0#1p`+|CsdWaKLB;;ikFWJ(_a2
z%@$Ep_Hg_o4336{>(8361*-yC3)~ClMuBBol_;|H3;5IJ4MOL##88p(umUIWyks!?
zY35|56sOr_{6)V64~UI(&jQ{6Y_2wh%Is-jLN({7sBCeQu*b^OHW4T+1r%T*F9%om
zPXjO^#1^(TlgSijv=So~aEPnnr4AG|TLJ<3E!cHfZ2ZUNA|6miVE=pPLv**HCCwuE
zIVO`B&g)d`cg3ihsKG<CB7E5V?Crpg{Boc{dUkfoLMEFR#q3ed$4B<-5BWJKRMRDl
F{~zI;Ww!tT

literal 0
HcmV?d00001

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/unpack-zx0.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/include/unpack-zx0.asm
index 5cdba888..4c5f8e97 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/unpack-zx0.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/unpack-zx0.asm
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 ;
 ; HuC6280 decompressor for Einar Saukas's "classic" ZX0 format.
 ;
-; The code length is 200 bytes for RAM, 250 bytes for direct-to-VRAM, plus
-; some generic utility code.
+; The code length is 205 bytes for RAM, plus 222 (shorter) or 262 (faster)
+; bytes for direct-to-VRAM, plus some generic utility code.
 ;
 ; Copyright John Brandwood 2021-2024.
 ;
@@ -38,31 +38,47 @@
 ; Configure Library ...
 ;
 
-	.ifndef	SUPPORT_ACD
+	.ifndef SUPPORT_ACD
 SUPPORT_ACD	=	1
 	.endif
 
+	.ifndef SUPPORT_ZX0RAM
+SUPPORT_ZX0RAM	=	1			; Include decompress-to-RAM?
+	.endif
+
+	.ifndef SUPPORT_ZX0VRAM
+SUPPORT_ZX0VRAM =	1			; Include decompress-to-VRAM?
+	.endif
+
+	.ifndef ZX0_PREFER_SIZE
+ZX0_PREFER_SIZE =	1			; Smaller size or 10% faster.
+	.endif
+
 
 
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ;
 ; If you decompress directly to VRAM, then you need to define a ring-buffer
-; in RAM, both sized and aligned to a power-of-two (i.e. 512, 1KB, 2KB, 4KB).
+; in RAM, both sized and aligned to a power-of-two (i.e. 256, 512, 1KB, 2KB).
 ;
 ; You also need to make sure that you tell the compressor that it needs to
 ; limit the window size with its "-w" option.
 ;
 ; Note that CD-ROM developers should really just decompress to RAM, and then
-; use a TIA to copy the data to VRAM; because that is faster, you get better
+; use a TIA to copy the data to VRAM, because that is faster, you get better
 ; compression without a window, and you save code memory by not needing both
 ; versions of the decompression routine.
+;
+; HuCARD developers who either can't afford the RAM, or who prefer execution
+; speed over compression, can choose a ring-buffer size of 256 bytes so that
+; a faster version of the decompression code is used.
 ;
 
-	.ifndef	ZX0_WINBUF
+	.ifndef ZX0_WINBUF
 
-ZX0_WINBUF	=	($3800) >> 8		; Default to a 2KB window in
-ZX0_WINMSK	=	($0800 - 1) >> 8	; RAM, located at $3800.
+ZX0_WINBUF	=	($3800)			; Default to a 2KB window in
+ZX0_WINMSK	=	($0800 - 1)		; RAM, located at $3800.
 
 	.endif
 
@@ -71,19 +87,24 @@ ZX0_WINMSK	=	($0800 - 1) >> 8	; RAM, located at $3800.
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ;
-; Data usage is 11 bytes of zero-page, using aliases for clarity.
+; Data usage is 10..14 bytes of zero-page, using aliases for clarity.
 ;
 
 zx0_srcptr	=	_bp			; 1 word.
 zx0_dstptr	=	_di			; 1 word.
+zx0_winptr	=	_si			; 1 word.
 
 zx0_length	=	_ax			; 1 word.
 zx0_offset	=	_bx			; 1 word.
-zx0_winptr	=	_cx			; 1 word.
-zx0_bitbuf	=	_dl			; 1 byte.
 
 
 
+	.if	(SUPPORT_ZX0RAM + SUPPORT_ZX0VRAM)
+
+zx0_group	.procgroup			; Keep RAM and VDC together.
+
+	.if	SUPPORT_ZX0RAM
+
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ;
@@ -94,7 +115,7 @@ zx0_bitbuf	=	_dl			; 1 byte.
 ;
 ; Returns: _bp, Y = _farptr to byte after compressed data.
 ;
-; Uses: _bp, _di, _ax, _bx, _cx, _dh !
+; Uses: _bp, _di, _si, _ax, _bx !
 ;
 
 zx0_to_ram	.proc
@@ -106,15 +127,18 @@ zx0_to_ram	.proc
 
 		ldx	#$40			; Initialize bit-buffer.
 
-		ldy	#$FF			; Initialize offset to $FFFF.
-		sty	<zx0_offset + 0
-		sty	<zx0_offset + 1
+		lda	#$FF			; Initialize offset to $FFFF.
+		sta.l	<zx0_offset
+		sta.h	<zx0_offset
 
-		iny				; Initialize hi-byte of length
-		sty	<zx0_length + 1		; to zero.
+		stz.h	<zx0_length		; Initialize hi-byte of length.
 
-.lz_finished:	iny				; Initialize length back to 1.
-		sty	<zx0_length + 0
+		;
+		; Decide what to do next.
+		;
+
+.lz_finished:	ldy	#1			; Initialize length back to 1.
+		sty.l	<zx0_length
 
 		txa				; Restore bit-buffer.
 
@@ -125,68 +149,76 @@ zx0_to_ram	.proc
 		; Copy bytes from new offset.
 		;
 
-.new_offset:	jsr	.get_gamma_flag		; Get offset MSB, returns CS.
+.new_offset:	jsr	zx0_gamma_flag		; Get offset MSB, returns CS.
+
+		tax				; Preserve bit-buffer.
 
 		cla				; Negate offset MSB and check
-		sbc	<zx0_length + 0		; for zero (EOF marker).
+		sbc.l	<zx0_length		; for zero (EOF marker).
 		beq	.got_eof
 
 		sec
 		ror	a
-		sta	<zx0_offset + 1		; Save offset MSB.
+		sta.h	<zx0_offset		; Save offset MSB.
 
 		lda	[zx0_srcptr]		; Get offset LSB.
-		inc	<zx0_srcptr + 0
+		inc.l	<zx0_srcptr
 		beq	.inc_off_src
 
-.off_skip1:	ror	a			; Last offset bit starts gamma.
-		sta	<zx0_offset + 0		; Save offset LSB.
+.next_off_src:	ror	a			; Last offset bit starts gamma.
+		sta.l	<zx0_offset		; Save offset LSB.
 
 		lda	#-2			; Minimum length of 2?
 		bcs	.get_lz_dst
 
-		sty	<zx0_length + 0		; Initialize length back to 1.
+		sty.l	<zx0_length		; Initialize length back to 1.
 
 		txa				; Restore bit-buffer.
 
-		bsr	.get_gamma_data		; Get length, returns CS.
+		bsr	zx0_gamma_data		; Get length, returns CS.
+
+		tax				; Preserve bit-buffer.
 
-		lda	<zx0_length + 0		; Negate lo-byte of (length+1).
+		lda.l	<zx0_length		; Negate lo-byte of (length+1).
 		eor	#$FF
 
 ;		bne	.get_lz_dst		; N.B. Optimized to do nothing!
 ;
-;		inc	<zx0_length + 1		; Increment from (length+1).
-;		dec	<zx0_length + 1		; Decrement because lo-byte=0.
+;		inc.h	<zx0_length		; Increment from (length+1).
+;		dec.h	<zx0_length		; Decrement because lo-byte=0.
 
 .get_lz_dst:	tay				; Calc address of partial page.
 		eor	#$FF
-		adc	<zx0_dstptr + 0		; Always CS from .get_gamma_data.
-		sta	<zx0_dstptr + 0
+		adc.l	<zx0_dstptr		; Always CS from .get_gamma_data.
+		sta.l	<zx0_dstptr
 		bcs	.get_lz_win
 
-		dec	<zx0_dstptr + 1
+		dec.h	<zx0_dstptr
 
 .get_lz_win:	clc				; Calc address of match.
-		adc	<zx0_offset + 0		; N.B. Offset is negative!
-		sta	<zx0_winptr + 0
-		lda	<zx0_dstptr + 1
-		adc	<zx0_offset + 1
-		sta	<zx0_winptr + 1
+		adc.l	<zx0_offset		; N.B. Offset is negative!
+		sta.l	<zx0_winptr
+		lda.h	<zx0_dstptr
+		adc.h	<zx0_offset
+		sta.h	<zx0_winptr
 
 .lz_byte:	lda	[zx0_winptr], y		; Copy bytes from window into
 		sta	[zx0_dstptr], y		; decompressed data.
 		iny
 		bne	.lz_byte
-		inc	<zx0_dstptr + 1
+		inc.h	<zx0_dstptr
 
-		lda	<zx0_length + 1		; Any full pages left to copy?
+		lda.h	<zx0_length		; Any full pages left to copy?
 		beq	.lz_finished
 
-		dec	<zx0_length + 1		; This is rare, so slower.
-		inc	<zx0_winptr + 1
+		dec.h	<zx0_length		; This is rare, so slower.
+		inc.h	<zx0_winptr
 		bra	.lz_byte
 
+		;
+		; All done!
+		;
+
 .got_eof:	tma3				; Return final MPR3 in Y reg.
 		tay
 
@@ -199,7 +231,9 @@ zx0_to_ram	.proc
 		; Copy bytes from compressed source.
 		;
 
-.cp_literals:	bsr	.get_gamma_flag		; Get length, returns CS.
+.cp_literals:	bsr	zx0_gamma_flag		; Get length, returns CS.
+
+		tax				; Preserve bit-buffer.
 
 		ldy	<zx0_length + 0		; Check if lo-byte of length
 		bne	.cp_byte		; == 0 without effecting CS.
@@ -211,10 +245,10 @@ zx0_to_ram	.proc
 
 		inc	<zx0_srcptr + 0
 		beq	.inc_cp_src
-.cp_skip1:	inc	<zx0_dstptr + 0
+.next_cp_src:	inc	<zx0_dstptr + 0
 		beq	.inc_cp_dst
 
-.cp_skip2:	dey				; Any bytes left to copy?
+.next_cp_dst:	dey				; Any bytes left to copy?
 		bne	.cp_byte
 
 		lda	<zx0_length + 1		; Any pages left to copy?
@@ -232,7 +266,9 @@ zx0_to_ram	.proc
 		; Copy bytes from last offset (rare so slower).
 		;
 
-.old_offset:	bsr	.get_gamma_flag		; Get length, returns CS.
+.old_offset:	bsr	zx0_gamma_flag		; Get length, returns CS.
+
+		tax				; Preserve bit-buffer.
 
 		cla				; Negate the lo-byte of length.
 		sbc	<zx0_length + 0
@@ -247,50 +283,63 @@ zx0_to_ram	.proc
 		;
 
 .inc_off_src:	jsr	inc.h_bp_mpr3
-		bra	.off_skip1
+		bra	.next_off_src
 
 .inc_cp_src:	jsr	inc.h_bp_mpr3
-		bra	.cp_skip1
+		bra	.next_cp_src
 
 .inc_cp_dst:	inc	<zx0_dstptr + 1
-		bra	.cp_skip2
+		bra	.next_cp_dst
 
-.gamma_page:	jsr	inc.h_bp_mpr3
-		bra	.gamma_skip1
+		.endp
 
-		;
-		; Get 16-bit interlaced Elias gamma value.
-		;
+	.endif	SUPPORT_ZX0RAM
 
-.get_gamma_data:asl	a			; Get next bit.
-		rol	<zx0_length + 0
-.get_gamma_flag:asl	a
-		bcc	.get_gamma_data		; Loop until finished or empty.
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; zx0_gamma_data - Get 16-bit interlaced Elias gamma value.
+; zx0_gamma_flag - Get 16-bit interlaced Elias gamma value.
+;
+; Shared support routine used by zx0_to_ram and zx0_to_vdc/zx0_to_sgx.
+;
+
+zx0_gamma_data: asl	a			; Get next bit.
+		rol.l	<zx0_length
+zx0_gamma_flag: asl	a
+		bcc	zx0_gamma_data		; Loop until finished or empty.
 		bne	.gamma_done		; Bit-buffer empty?
 
 .gamma_reload:	lda	[zx0_srcptr]		; Reload the empty bit-buffer
-		inc	<zx0_srcptr + 0		; from the compressed source.
+		inc.l	<zx0_srcptr		; from the compressed source.
 		beq	.gamma_page
-.gamma_skip1:	rol	a
+.gamma_next:	rol	a
 		bcs	.gamma_done		; Finished?
 
 .get_gamma_loop:asl	a			; Get next bit.
-		rol	<zx0_length + 0
-		rol	<zx0_length + 1
+		rol.l	<zx0_length
+		rol.h	<zx0_length
 		asl	a
 		bcc	.get_gamma_loop		; Loop until finished or empty.
 		beq	.gamma_reload		; Bit-buffer empty?
 
-.gamma_done:	tax				; Preserve bit-buffer.
-		rts
+.gamma_done:	rts
+
+.gamma_page:	jsr	inc.h_bp_mpr3
+		bra	.gamma_next
 
-		.endp
 
 
+	.if	SUPPORT_ZX0VRAM
+
+	.if	ZX0_PREFER_SIZE
 
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ;
+; zx0_to_sgx - Decompress data stored in Einar Saukas's ZX0 "classic" format.
 ; zx0_to_vdc - Decompress data stored in Einar Saukas's ZX0 "classic" format.
 ;
 ; Args: _bp, Y = _farptr to compressed data in MPR3.
@@ -298,16 +347,16 @@ zx0_to_ram	.proc
 ;
 ; Returns: _bp, Y = _farptr to byte after compressed data.
 ;
-; Uses: _bp, _di, _ax, _bx, _cx, _dl, _dh!
+; Uses: _bp, _di, _si, _ax, _bx !
 ;
 
-		.procgroup			; Group code in the same bank.
-
 	.if	SUPPORT_SGX
+
 zx0_to_sgx	.proc
 		ldx	#SGX_VDC_OFFSET		; Offset to SGX VDC.
 		db	$F0			; Turn "clx" into a "beq".
 		.endp
+
 	.endif
 
 zx0_to_vdc	.proc
@@ -322,23 +371,102 @@ zx0_to_vdc	.proc
 		jsr	set_di_to_mawr		; Map zx0_dstptr to VRAM.
 
 		lda	#$40			; Initialize bit-buffer.
-		sta	<zx0_bitbuf
+		pha				; Preserve bit-buffer.
 
-		ldy	#$FF			; Initialize offset to $FFFF.
-		sty	<zx0_offset + 0
-		sty	<zx0_offset + 1
+		lda	#$FF			; Initialize offset to $FFFF.
+		sta.l	<zx0_offset
+		sta.h	<zx0_offset
 
-		iny				; Initialize hi-byte of length
-		sty	<zx0_length + 1		; to zero.
+		stz.h	<zx0_length		; Initialize hi-byte of length.
 
-		lda	#ZX0_WINBUF		; Initialize window ring-buffer
-		sta	<zx0_dstptr + 1		; location in RAM.
-		sty	<zx0_dstptr + 0
+		stz.l	<zx0_dstptr		; Initialize window ring-buffer
+		lda.h	#ZX0_WINBUF		; location in RAM.
+		sta.h	<zx0_dstptr
 
-.lz_finished:	iny				; Initialize length back to 1.
-		sty	<zx0_length + 0
+		bra	.lz_finished		; Let's get started!
+
+		;
+		; Optimized handling of pointers crossing page-boundaries.
+		;
+
+.inc_cp_src:	jsr	inc.h_bp_mpr3
+		bra	.next_cp_src
 
-		lda	<zx0_bitbuf		; Restore bit-buffer.
+.inc_cp_dst:	bsr	.next_dstpage
+		bra	.next_cp_dst
+
+		;
+		; Copy bytes from compressed source.
+		;
+
+.cp_literals:	jsr	zx0_gamma_flag		; Get length, returns CS.
+
+		pha				; Preserve bit-buffer.
+
+		ldy.l	<zx0_length		; Check the lo-byte of length
+		bne	.cp_byte		; without effecting CS.
+
+.cp_page:	dec.h	<zx0_length
+
+.cp_byte:	lda	[zx0_srcptr]		; Copy byte from compressed
+		sta	[zx0_dstptr]		; data to decompressed data.
+		sta	VDC_DL, x
+		txa
+		eor	#1
+		tax
+
+		inc.l	<zx0_srcptr
+		beq	.inc_cp_src
+.next_cp_src:	inc.l	<zx0_dstptr
+		beq	.inc_cp_dst
+
+.next_cp_dst:	dey				; Any bytes left to copy?
+		bne	.cp_byte
+
+		lda.h	<zx0_length		; Any pages left to copy?
+		bne	.cp_page		; Optimized for branch-unlikely.
+
+		iny				; Initialize length back to 1.
+		sty.l	<zx0_length
+
+		pla				; Restore bit-buffer.
+
+		asl	a			; Copy from last offset or new offset?
+		bcs	.new_offset
+
+		;
+		; Copy bytes from last offset (rare so slower).
+		;
+
+.old_offset:	jsr	zx0_gamma_flag		; Get length, returns CS.
+
+		pha				; Preserve bit-buffer.
+
+		ldy.l	<zx0_length		; Check the lo-byte of length.
+		bne	.get_lz_win
+
+		dec.h	<zx0_length		; Decrement because lo-byte=0.
+		bra	.get_lz_win
+
+		;
+		; Increment destination page.
+		;
+
+.next_dstpage:	lda.h	<zx0_dstptr
+		inc	a
+		and.h	#ZX0_WINMSK
+		ora.h	#ZX0_WINBUF
+		sta.h	<zx0_dstptr
+		rts
+
+		;
+		; Decide what to do next.
+		;
+
+.lz_finished:	ldy	#1			; Initialize length back to 1.
+		sty.l	<zx0_length
+
+		pla				; Restore bit-buffer.
 
 		asl	a			; Copy from literals or new offset?
 		bcc	.cp_literals
@@ -347,103 +475,248 @@ zx0_to_vdc	.proc
 		; Copy bytes from new offset.
 		;
 
-.new_offset:	jsr	.get_gamma_flag		; Get offset MSB, returns CS.
+.new_offset:	jsr	zx0_gamma_flag		; Get offset MSB, returns CS.
+
+		pha				; Preserve bit-buffer.
 
 		cla				; Negate offset MSB and check
-		sbc	<zx0_length + 0		; for zero (EOF marker).
+		sbc.l	<zx0_length		; for zero (EOF marker).
 		beq	.got_eof
 
 		sec
 		ror	a
-		sta	<zx0_offset + 1		; Save offset MSB.
+		sta.h	<zx0_offset		; Save offset MSB.
 
 		lda	[zx0_srcptr]		; Get offset LSB.
-		inc	<zx0_srcptr + 0
+		inc.l	<zx0_srcptr
 		beq	.inc_off_src
 
-.off_skip1:	ror	a			; Last offset bit starts gamma.
-		sta	<zx0_offset + 0		; Save offset LSB.
+.next_off_src:	ror	a			; Last offset bit starts gamma.
+		sta.l	<zx0_offset		; Save offset LSB.
 
 		bcs	.got_lz_two		; Minimum length of 2?
 
-		sty	<zx0_length + 0		; Initialize length back to 1.
+		sty.l	<zx0_length		; Initialize length back to 1.
+
+		pla				; Restore bit-buffer.
 
-		lda	<zx0_bitbuf		; Restore bit-buffer.
+		jsr	zx0_gamma_data		; Get length, returns CS.
 
-		jsr	.get_gamma_data		; Get length, returns CS.
+		pha				; Preserve bit-buffer.
 
-		ldy	<zx0_length + 0		; Get lo-byte of (length+1).
+		ldy.l	<zx0_length		; Get lo-byte of (length+1).
 .got_lz_two:	iny
 
 ;		bne	.get_lz_win		; N.B. Optimized to do nothing!
 ;
-;		inc	<zx0_length + 1		; Increment from (length+1).
-;		dec	<zx0_length + 1		; Decrement because lo-byte=0.
+;		inc.h	<zx0_length		; Increment from (length+1).
+;		dec.h	<zx0_length		; Decrement because lo-byte=0.
 
 .get_lz_win:	clc				; Calc address of match.
-		lda	<zx0_dstptr + 0		; N.B. Offset is negative!
-		adc	<zx0_offset + 0
-		sta	<zx0_winptr + 0
-		lda	<zx0_dstptr + 1
-		adc	<zx0_offset + 1
-		and	#ZX0_WINMSK
-		ora	#ZX0_WINBUF
-		sta	<zx0_winptr + 1
-
-.lz_byte:	lda	[zx0_winptr]		; Copy bytes from window into
+		lda.l	<zx0_dstptr		; N.B. Offset is negative!
+		adc.l	<zx0_offset
+		sta.l	<zx0_winptr
+		lda.h	<zx0_dstptr
+		adc.h	<zx0_offset
+		and.h	#ZX0_WINMSK
+		ora.h	#ZX0_WINBUF
+		sta.h	<zx0_winptr
+
+.lz_byte:	lda	[zx0_winptr]		; Copy byte from window into
 		sta	[zx0_dstptr]		; decompressed data.
 		sta	VDC_DL, x
 		txa
 		eor	#1
 		tax
 
-		inc	<zx0_winptr + 0
+		inc.l	<zx0_winptr
 		beq	.inc_lz_win
-.lz_skip1:	inc	<zx0_dstptr + 0
+.next_lz_win:	inc.l	<zx0_dstptr
 		beq	.inc_lz_dst
 
-.lz_skip2:	dey				; Any bytes left to copy?
+.next_lz_dst:	dey				; Any bytes left to copy?
 		bne	.lz_byte
 
-		lda	<zx0_length + 1		; Any pages left to copy?
+		lda.h	<zx0_length		; Any pages left to copy?
 		beq	.lz_finished		; Optimized for branch-likely.
 
-		dec	<zx0_length + 1		; This is rare, so slower.
+		dec.h	<zx0_length		; This is rare, so slower.
 		bra	.lz_byte
 
+		;
+		; Optimized handling of pointers crossing page-boundaries.
+		;
+
+.inc_off_src:	jsr	inc.h_bp_mpr3
+		bra	.next_off_src
+
+.inc_lz_dst:	bsr	.next_dstpage
+		bra	.next_lz_dst
+
+.inc_lz_win:	lda.h	<zx0_winptr
+		inc	a
+		and.h	#ZX0_WINMSK
+		ora.h	#ZX0_WINBUF
+		sta.h	<zx0_winptr
+		bra	.next_lz_win
+
+		;
+		; All done!
+		;
+
+.got_eof:	pla				; Discard bit-buffer.
+
+		tma3				; Return final MPR3 in Y reg.
+		tay
+
+		pla				; Restore MPR3.
+		tam3
+
+		leave				; Finished decompression!
+
+		.endp
+
+	.else	ZX0_PREFER_SIZE
+
+
+
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; zx0_to_sgx - Decompress data stored in Einar Saukas's ZX0 "classic" format.
+; zx0_to_vdc - Decompress data stored in Einar Saukas's ZX0 "classic" format.
+;
+; Args: _bp, Y = _farptr to compressed data in MPR3.
+; Args: _di = ptr to output address in VRAM.
+;
+; Returns: _bp, Y = _farptr to byte after compressed data.
+;
+; Uses: _bp, _di, _si, _ax, _bx, _cx, _dx!
+;
+
+	.if	SUPPORT_SGX
+
+zx0_to_sgx	.proc
+		ldx	#SGX_VDC_OFFSET		; Offset to SGX VDC.
+		db	$F0			; Turn "clx" into a "beq".
+		.endp
+
+zx0_vdc_dl	=	_cx			; 1 word.
+zx0_vdc_dh	=	_dx			; 1 word.
+
+WRITE_VRAM_LO	.macro
+		sta	[zx0_vdc_dl]
+		.endm
+WRITE_VRAM_HI	.macro
+		sta	[zx0_vdc_dh]
+		.endm
+
+	.else
+
+WRITE_VRAM_LO	.macro
+		sta	VDC_DL
+		.endm
+WRITE_VRAM_HI	.macro
+		sta	VDC_DH
+		.endm
+
+	.endif
+
+zx0_to_vdc	.proc
+
+		clx				; Offset to PCE VDC.
+
+		tma3				; Preserve MPR3.
+		pha
+
+		jsr	set_bp_to_mpr3		; Map zx0_srcptr to MPR3.
+
+		jsr	vdc_di_to_mawr		; Map zx0_dstptr to VRAM.
+
+	.if	SUPPORT_SGX
+		inx				; Use ZP aliases for which
+		inx				; VDC chip to output to on
+		stx.l	<zx0_vdc_dl		; a SuperGRAFX.
+		stz.h	<zx0_vdc_dl		; It's a few cycles slower
+		inx				; but you could decompress
+		stx.l	<zx0_vdc_dh		; to RAM and copy if speed
+		stz.h	<zx0_vdc_dh		; is a critical concern!
+	.endif
+
+		lda	#$40			; Initialize bit-buffer.
+		pha				; Preserve bit-buffer.
+
+		lda	#$FF			; Initialize offset to $FFFF.
+		sta.l	<zx0_offset
+		sta.h	<zx0_offset
+
+		stz.h	<zx0_length		; Initialize hi-byte of length.
+
+		cly				; Initialize window offset.
+
+	.if	(ZX0_WINMSK == 0x00FF)
+
+		; ****************************************
+		; VERSION OPTIMIZED FOR WINDOW SIZE == 256
+		; ****************************************
+
+		bra	.lz_finished		; Let's get started!
+
+		;
+		; Optimized handling of pointers crossing page-boundaries.
+		;
+
+.inc_cp_src1:	jsr	inc.h_bp_mpr3
+		bra	.nxt_cp_src1
+
+.inc_cp_src2:	jsr	inc.h_bp_mpr3
+		bra	.nxt_cp_src2
+
 		;
 		; Copy bytes from compressed source.
 		;
 
-.cp_literals:	bsr	.get_gamma_flag		; Get length, returns CS.
+.cp_literals:	jsr	zx0_gamma_flag		; Get length, returns CS.
 
-		ldy	<zx0_length + 0		; Check the lo-byte of length
-		bne	.cp_byte		; without effecting CS.
+		pha				; Preserve bit-buffer.
 
-.cp_page:	dec	<zx0_length + 1
+		ldx.l	<zx0_length		; Check the lo-byte of length.
+		bne	.cp_which
 
-.cp_byte:	lda	[zx0_srcptr]		; Copy bytes from compressed
-		sta	[zx0_dstptr]		; data to decompressed data.
-		sta	VDC_DL, x
-		txa
-		eor	#1
-		tax
+.cp_page:	dec.h	<zx0_length
 
-		inc	<zx0_srcptr + 0
-		beq	.inc_cp_src
-.cp_skip1:	inc	<zx0_dstptr + 0
-		beq	.inc_cp_dst
+.cp_which:	tya				; Is this written to an even or
+		lsr	a			; odd output address?
+		bcs	.cp_odd
 
-.cp_skip2:	dey				; Any bytes left to copy?
-		bne	.cp_byte
+.cp_even:	lda	[zx0_srcptr]		; Copy byte from compressed
+		inc.l	<zx0_srcptr		; data to decompressed data.
+		beq	.inc_cp_src1
+.nxt_cp_src1:	WRITE_VRAM_LO
+		sta	ZX0_WINBUF, y
+		iny
 
-		lda	<zx0_length + 1		; Any pages left to copy?
+
+		dex				; Any bytes left to copy?
+		beq	.cp_next
+
+.cp_odd:	lda	[zx0_srcptr]		; Copy byte from compressed
+		inc.l	<zx0_srcptr		; data to decompressed data.
+		beq	.inc_cp_src2
+.nxt_cp_src2:	WRITE_VRAM_HI
+		sta	ZX0_WINBUF, y
+		iny
+
+		dex				; Any bytes left to copy?
+		bne	.cp_even
+
+.cp_next:	lda.h	<zx0_length		; Any pages left to copy?
 		bne	.cp_page		; Optimized for branch-unlikely.
 
-		iny				; Initialize length back to 1.
-		sty	<zx0_length + 0
+		inx				; Initialize length back to 1.
+		stx.l	<zx0_length
 
-		lda	<zx0_bitbuf		; Restore bit-buffer.
+		pla				; Restore bit-buffer.
 
 		asl	a			; Copy from last offset or new offset?
 		bcs	.new_offset
@@ -452,87 +725,355 @@ zx0_to_vdc	.proc
 		; Copy bytes from last offset (rare so slower).
 		;
 
-.old_offset:	bsr	.get_gamma_flag		; Get length, returns CS.
+.old_offset:	jsr	zx0_gamma_flag		; Get length, returns CS.
 
-		ldy	<zx0_length + 0		; Check the lo-byte of length.
+		pha				; Preserve bit-buffer.
+
+		ldx.l	<zx0_length		; Check the lo-byte of length.
 		bne	.get_lz_win
 
-		dec	<zx0_length + 1		; Decrement because lo-byte=0.
+		dec.h	<zx0_length		; Decrement because lo-byte=0.
 		bra	.get_lz_win
 
 		;
-		; All done!
+		; Decide what to do next.
 		;
 
-.got_eof:	tma3				; Return final MPR3 in Y reg.
-		tay
+.lz_finished:	ldx	#1			; Initialize length back to 1.
+		stx.l	<zx0_length
 
-		pla				; Restore MPR3.
-		tam3
+		pla				; Restore bit-buffer.
 
-		leave				; Finished decompression!
+		asl	a			; Copy from literals or new offset?
+		bcc	.cp_literals
+
+		;
+		; Copy bytes from new offset.
+		;
+
+.new_offset:	jsr	zx0_gamma_flag		; Get offset MSB, returns CS.
+
+		pha				; Preserve bit-buffer.
+
+		cla				; Negate offset MSB and check
+		sbc.l	<zx0_length		; for zero (EOF marker).
+		beq	.got_eof
+
+		lsr	a			; Put offset MSB lo-bit in C.
+
+		lda	[zx0_srcptr]		; Get offset LSB.
+		inc.l	<zx0_srcptr
+		beq	.inc_off_src
+
+.next_off_src:	ror	a			; Last offset bit starts gamma.
+		sta.l	<zx0_offset		; Save offset LSB.
+
+		stx.l	<zx0_length		; Initialize length back to 1.
+
+		bcs	.got_lz_two		; Minimum length of 2?
+
+		pla				; Restore bit-buffer.
+
+		jsr	zx0_gamma_data		; Get length, returns CS.
+
+		pha				; Preserve bit-buffer.
+
+.got_lz_two:	inc.l	<zx0_length		; Get lo-byte of (length+1).
+
+;		bne	.get_lz_win		; N.B. Optimized to do nothing!
+;
+;		inc.h	<zx0_length		; Increment from (length+1).
+;		dec.h	<zx0_length		; Decrement because lo-byte=0.
+
+.get_lz_win:	clc				; Calc address of match.
+		tya				; N.B. Offset is negative!
+		adc.l	<zx0_offset
+		tax
+
+.lz_which:	tya				; Is this written to an even or
+		lsr	a			; odd output address?
+		bcs	.lz_odd
+
+.lz_even:	lda	ZX0_WINBUF, x		; Copy byte from window into
+		inx				; decompressed data.
+		WRITE_VRAM_LO
+		sta	ZX0_WINBUF, y
+		iny
+
+		dec	<zx0_length		; Any bytes left to copy?
+		beq	.lz_page
+
+.lz_odd:	lda	ZX0_WINBUF, x		; Copy byte from window into
+		inx				; decompressed data.
+		WRITE_VRAM_HI
+		sta	ZX0_WINBUF, y
+		iny
+
+		dec	<zx0_length		; Any bytes left to copy?
+		bne	.lz_even
+
+.lz_page:	lda.h	<zx0_length		; Any pages left to copy?
+		beq	.lz_finished		; Optimized for branch-likely.
+
+		dec.h	<zx0_length		; This is rare, so slower.
+		bra	.lz_which
 
 		;
 		; Optimized handling of pointers crossing page-boundaries.
 		;
 
 .inc_off_src:	jsr	inc.h_bp_mpr3
-		bra	.off_skip1
+		bra	.next_off_src
 
-.inc_lz_dst:	bsr	.next_dstpage
-		bra	.lz_skip2
+	.else	(ZX0_WINMSK == 0x00FF)
 
-.inc_cp_src:	jsr	inc.h_bp_mpr3
-		bra	.cp_skip1
+		; ****************************************
+		; VERSION OPTIMIZED FOR WINDOW SIZE != 256
+		; ****************************************
 
-.inc_cp_dst:	bsr	.next_dstpage
-		bra	.cp_skip2
+		stz.l	<zx0_dstptr		; Initialize window ring-buffer
+		lda.h	#ZX0_WINBUF		; location in RAM.
+		sta.h	<zx0_dstptr
 
-.inc_lz_win:	lda	<zx0_winptr + 1
-		inc	a
-		and	#ZX0_WINMSK
-		ora	#ZX0_WINBUF
-		sta	<zx0_winptr + 1
-		bra	.lz_skip1
+		bra	.lz_finished		; Let's get started!
 
-.next_dstpage:	lda	<zx0_dstptr + 1
+		;
+		; Optimized handling of pointers crossing page-boundaries.
+		;
+
+.inc_cp_src1:	jsr	inc.h_bp_mpr3
+		bra	.nxt_cp_src1
+
+.inc_cp_src2:	jsr	inc.h_bp_mpr3
+		bra	.nxt_cp_src2
+
+.inc_cp_dst2:	bsr	.next_dstpage
+		bra	.nxt_cp_dst2
+
+		;
+		; Copy bytes from compressed source.
+		;
+
+.cp_literals:	jsr	zx0_gamma_flag		; Get length, returns CS.
+
+		pha				; Preserve bit-buffer.
+
+		ldx.l	<zx0_length		; Check the lo-byte of length.
+		bne	.cp_which
+
+.cp_page:	dec.h	<zx0_length
+
+.cp_which:	tya				; Is this written to an even or
+		lsr	a			; odd output address?
+		bcs	.cp_odd
+
+.cp_even:	lda	[zx0_srcptr]		; Copy byte from compressed
+		sta	[zx0_dstptr], y		; data to decompressed data.
+		WRITE_VRAM_LO
+
+		inc.l	<zx0_srcptr
+		beq	.inc_cp_src1
+.nxt_cp_src1:	iny
+
+		dex				; Any bytes left to copy?
+		beq	.cp_next
+
+.cp_odd:	lda	[zx0_srcptr]		; Copy byte from compressed
+		sta	[zx0_dstptr], y		; data to decompressed data.
+		WRITE_VRAM_HI
+
+		inc.l	<zx0_srcptr
+		beq	.inc_cp_src2
+.nxt_cp_src2:	iny
+		beq	.inc_cp_dst2
+
+.nxt_cp_dst2:	dex				; Any bytes left to copy?
+		bne	.cp_even
+
+.cp_next:	lda.h	<zx0_length		; Any pages left to copy?
+		bne	.cp_page		; Optimized for branch-unlikely.
+
+		inx				; Initialize length back to 1.
+		stx.l	<zx0_length
+
+		pla				; Restore bit-buffer.
+
+		asl	a			; Copy from last offset or new offset?
+		bcs	.new_offset
+
+		;
+		; Copy bytes from last offset (rare so slower).
+		;
+
+.old_offset:	jsr	zx0_gamma_flag		; Get length, returns CS.
+
+		pha				; Preserve bit-buffer.
+
+		ldx.l	<zx0_length		; Check the lo-byte of length.
+		bne	.get_lz_win
+
+		dec.h	<zx0_length		; Decrement because lo-byte=0.
+		bra	.get_lz_win
+
+		;
+		; Increment destination page.
+		;
+
+.next_dstpage:	lda.h	<zx0_dstptr
 		inc	a
-		and	#ZX0_WINMSK
-		ora	#ZX0_WINBUF
-		sta	<zx0_dstptr + 1
+		and.h	#ZX0_WINMSK
+		ora.h	#ZX0_WINBUF
+		sta.h	<zx0_dstptr
 		rts
 
-.gamma_page:	jsr	inc.h_bp_mpr3
-		bra	.gamma_skip1
+		;
+		; Decide what to do next.
+		;
+
+.lz_finished:	ldx	#1			; Initialize length back to 1.
+		stx.l	<zx0_length
+
+		pla				; Restore bit-buffer.
+
+		asl	a			; Copy from literals or new offset?
+		bcc	.cp_literals
 
 		;
-		; Get 16-bit interlaced Elias gamma value.
+		; Copy bytes from new offset.
 		;
 
-.get_gamma_data:asl	a			; Get next bit.
-		rol	<zx0_length + 0
-.get_gamma_flag:asl	a
-		bcc	.get_gamma_data		; Loop until finished or empty.
-		bne	.gamma_done		; Bit-buffer empty?
+.new_offset:	jsr	zx0_gamma_flag		; Get offset MSB, returns CS.
 
-.gamma_reload:	lda	[zx0_srcptr]		; Reload the empty bit-buffer
-		inc	<zx0_srcptr + 0		; from the compressed source.
-		beq	.gamma_page
-.gamma_skip1:	rol	a
-		bcs	.gamma_done		; Finished?
+		pha				; Preserve bit-buffer.
 
-.get_gamma_loop:asl	a			; Get next bit.
-		rol	<zx0_length + 0
-		rol	<zx0_length + 1
-		asl	a
-		bcc	.get_gamma_loop		; Loop until finished or empty.
-		beq	.gamma_reload		; Bit-buffer empty?
+		cla				; Negate offset MSB and check
+		sbc.l	<zx0_length		; for zero (EOF marker).
+		beq	.got_eof
+
+		sec
+		ror	a
+		sta.h	<zx0_offset		; Save offset MSB.
+
+		lda	[zx0_srcptr]		; Get offset LSB.
+		inc.l	<zx0_srcptr
+		beq	.inc_off_src
+
+.next_off_src:	ror	a			; Last offset bit starts gamma.
+		sta.l	<zx0_offset		; Save offset LSB.
+
+		bcs	.got_lz_two		; Minimum length of 2?
+
+		stx.l	<zx0_length		; Initialize length back to 1.
+
+		pla				; Restore bit-buffer.
+
+		jsr	zx0_gamma_data		; Get length, returns CS.
 
-.gamma_done:	sta	<zx0_bitbuf		; Preserve bit-buffer.
+		pha				; Preserve bit-buffer.
+
+		ldx.l	<zx0_length		; Get lo-byte of (length+1).
+.got_lz_two:	inx
+
+;		bne	.get_lz_win		; N.B. Optimized to do nothing!
+;
+;		inc.h	<zx0_length		; Increment from (length+1).
+;		dec.h	<zx0_length		; Decrement because lo-byte=0.
+
+.get_lz_win:	clc				; Calc address of match.
+		tya				; N.B. Offset is negative!
+		adc.l	<zx0_offset
+		sta.l	<zx0_winptr
+		lda.h	<zx0_dstptr
+		adc.h	<zx0_offset
+		and.h	#ZX0_WINMSK
+		ora.h	#ZX0_WINBUF
+		sta.h	<zx0_winptr
+
+.lz_which:	tya				; Is this written to an even or
+		lsr	a			; odd output address?
+		bcs	.lz_odd
+
+.lz_even:	lda	[zx0_winptr]		; Copy byte from window into
+		sta	[zx0_dstptr], y		; decompressed data.
+		WRITE_VRAM_LO
+
+		inc.l	<zx0_winptr
+		beq	.inc_lz_win1
+.nxt_lz_win1:	iny
+
+		dex				; Any bytes left to copy?
+		beq	.lz_page
+
+.lz_odd:	lda	[zx0_winptr]		; Copy byte from window into
+		sta	[zx0_dstptr], y		; decompressed data.
+		WRITE_VRAM_HI
+
+		inc.l	<zx0_winptr
+		beq	.inc_lz_win2
+.nxt_lz_win2:	iny
+		beq	.inc_lz_dst2
+
+.nxt_lz_dst2:	dex				; Any bytes left to copy?
+		bne	.lz_even
+
+.lz_page:	lda.h	<zx0_length		; Any pages left to copy?
+		beq	.lz_finished		; Optimized for branch-likely.
+
+		dec.h	<zx0_length		; This is rare, so slower.
+		bra	.lz_which
+
+		;
+		; Optimized handling of pointers crossing page-boundaries.
+		;
+
+.inc_off_src:	jsr	inc.h_bp_mpr3
+		bra	.next_off_src
+
+.inc_lz_dst2:	bsr	.next_dstpage
+		bra	.nxt_lz_dst2
+
+.inc_lz_win1:	bsr	.next_winpage
+		bra	.nxt_lz_win1
+
+.inc_lz_win2:	bsr	.next_winpage
+		bra	.nxt_lz_win2
+
+		;
+		; Increment window page.
+		;
+
+.next_winpage:	lda.h	<zx0_winptr
+		inc	a
+		and.h	#ZX0_WINMSK
+		ora.h	#ZX0_WINBUF
+		sta.h	<zx0_winptr
 		rts
 
+	.endif	(ZX0_WINMSK == 0x00FF)
+
+		;
+		; All done!
+		;
+
+.got_eof:	pla				; Discard bit-buffer.
+
+		tma3				; Return final MPR3 in Y reg.
+		tay
+
+		pla				; Restore MPR3.
+		tam3
+
+		leave				; Finished decompression!
+
 		.endp
-		.endprocgroup
+
+	.endif	ZX0_PREFER_SIZE
+
+	.endif	SUPPORT_ZX0VRAM
+
+		.endprocgroup			; zx0_group
+
+	.endif	(SUPPORT_ZX0RAM + SUPPORT_ZX0VRAM)
 
 
 
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/scd-core-2stage-error/error.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/scd-core-2stage-error/error.asm
index c39b899e..fcf0b1df 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/scd-core-2stage-error/error.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/scd-core-2stage-error/error.asm
@@ -62,6 +62,15 @@ CHR_0x20	=	CHR_ZERO + 32		; ASCII ' ' CHR tile #.
 
 USING_STAGE1	=	1
 
+		;
+		; Choose a smaller ZX0 window than the default 2KB in order
+		; to test the optimized decompressor for a 256-byte window.
+		;
+
+ZX0_PREFER_SIZE	=	0			; Smaller size or 10% faster.
+ZX0_WINBUF	=	($3F00)			; Choose a 256 byte window in
+ZX0_WINMSK	=	($0100 - 1)		; RAM, located at $3F00.
+
 		;
 		; Include the library, reading the project's configuration
 		; settings from the local "core-config.inc", if it exists.
@@ -196,7 +205,7 @@ core_main:	; Turn the display off and initialize the screen mode.
 ; The compressed graphics for the error screen.
 ;
 
-saz_vdc:	incbin	"saz_vdc.zx0"
+saz_vdc:	incbin	"saz_vdc.zx0.256"
 
 
 

From 1aa7165147d31be27d13d21dc69d7f3c900fa6bf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Feb 2024 12:59:03 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 39/40] Add .AREA and area() functionality to PCEAS, info in
 whats.new file.

---
 src/mkit/as/command.c | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/mkit/as/defs.h    |  2 ++
 src/mkit/as/expr.c    | 12 ++++++++++++
 src/mkit/as/expr.h    | 14 ++++++++------
 src/mkit/as/externs.h |  1 +
 src/mkit/as/inst.h    |  2 ++
 src/mkit/as/main.c    |  1 +
 src/mkit/as/protos.h  |  1 +
 src/mkit/as/symbol.c  |  6 ++++++
 src/mkit/as/vars.h    |  1 +
 whats.new             | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 11 files changed, 93 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/mkit/as/command.c b/src/mkit/as/command.c
index 6a4365f2..82331adc 100644
--- a/src/mkit/as/command.c
+++ b/src/mkit/as/command.c
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ char pseudo_flag[] = {
 	0x0C, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0F, 0x0F,
 	0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x04, 0x0F, 0x04, 0x0F,
 	0x04, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F,
-	0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F
+	0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F
 };
 
 
@@ -720,6 +720,7 @@ do_equ(int *ip)
 	if ((optype == 1) && (lablptr->type == DEFABS)) {
 		lablptr->value = value;
 		lablptr->bank = expr_valbank;
+		lablptr->area = area;
 	} else
 	if (undef != 0) {
 		/* needed for KickC forward-references */
@@ -867,6 +868,12 @@ do_bank(int *ip)
 	if (!evaluate(ip, 0, 0))
 		return;
 
+	/* check for undefined symbol - they are not allowed in .bank */
+	if (undef != 0) {
+		error("Undefined symbol in operand field!");
+		return;
+	}
+
 	if (value > bank_limit) {
 		error("Bank index out of range!");
 		return;
@@ -933,6 +940,38 @@ do_bank(int *ip)
 }
 
 
+/* ----
+ * do_area()
+ * ----
+ * .area pseudo
+ */
+
+void
+do_area(int *ip)
+{
+	/* define label */
+	labldef(0, 0, LOCATION);
+
+	/* get area value */
+	if (!evaluate(ip, 0, 0))
+		return;
+
+	/* check for undefined symbol - they are not allowed in .area */
+	if (undef != 0) {
+		error("Undefined symbol in operand field!");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	area = value;
+
+	/* output on last pass */
+	if (pass == LAST_PASS) {
+		loadlc(area, 1);
+		println();
+	}
+}
+
+
 /* ----
  * do_incbin()
  * ----
diff --git a/src/mkit/as/defs.h b/src/mkit/as/defs.h
index b6340965..0f3ccf1a 100644
--- a/src/mkit/as/defs.h
+++ b/src/mkit/as/defs.h
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@
 #define P_ENCODING	62	// .encoding
 #define P_STRUCT	63	// .struct
 #define P_ENDS		64	// .ends
+#define P_AREA		65	// .area
 
 /* symbol flags */
 #define UNDEF	1	/* undefined - may be zero page */
@@ -222,6 +223,7 @@ typedef struct t_symbol {
 	int type;
 	int value;
 	int section;
+	int area;
 	int bank;
 	int page;
 	int nb;
diff --git a/src/mkit/as/expr.c b/src/mkit/as/expr.c
index 28cf0f18..60406165 100644
--- a/src/mkit/as/expr.c
+++ b/src/mkit/as/expr.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ t_symbol pc_symbol = {
 	DEFABS, /* type */
 	0, /* value */
 	0, /* section */
+	0, /* area */
 	0, /* bank */
 	0, /* page */
 	0, /* nb */
@@ -587,6 +588,7 @@ push_val(int type)
 			else
 				pc_symbol.value = data_loccnt;
 
+			pc_symbol.area = area;
 			pc_symbol.page = page;
 
 			if (bank >= RESERVED_BANK)
@@ -895,6 +897,8 @@ check_keyword(void)
 		op = OP_SIZEOF;
 	else if (symbol[0] == keyword[8][0] && !strcasecmp(symbol, keyword[8]))
 		op = OP_LINEAR;
+	else if (symbol[0] == keyword[9][0] && !strcasecmp(symbol, keyword[9]))
+		op = OP_AREA;
 	else {
 		if (machine->type == MACHINE_PCE) {
 			/* PCE specific functions */
@@ -916,6 +920,7 @@ check_keyword(void)
 	case OP_PAL:
 	case OP_SIZEOF:
 	case OP_LINEAR:
+	case OP_AREA:
 		expr_lablptr = NULL;
 		expr_lablcnt = 0;
 		break;
@@ -997,6 +1002,13 @@ do_op(void)
 		val[0] = (exbank << 13) + (val[0] & 0x1FFF);
 		break;
 
+	/* AREA */
+	case OP_AREA:
+		if (!check_func_args("AREA"))
+			return (0);
+		val[0] = expr_lablptr->area;
+		break;
+
 	/* BANK */
 	case OP_BANK:
 		if (!check_func_args("BANK"))
diff --git a/src/mkit/as/expr.h b/src/mkit/as/expr.h
index 9a2d438e..dadcae20 100644
--- a/src/mkit/as/expr.h
+++ b/src/mkit/as/expr.h
@@ -36,8 +36,9 @@
 #define OP_PAL		27
 #define OP_SIZEOF	28
 #define OP_LINEAR	29
-#define OP_dotLO	30
-#define OP_dotHI	31
+#define OP_AREA		30
+#define OP_dotLO	31
+#define OP_dotHI	32
 
 /* operator priority */
 const int op_pri[] = {
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ const int op_pri[] = {
 	 5 /* <=    */,  5 /* >     */,  5 /* >=    */,
 	11 /* DEFIN.*/, 11 /* HIGH  */, 11 /* LOW   */, 11 /* PAGE  */,
 	11 /* BANK  */, 11 /* VRAM  */, 11 /* PAL   */, 11 /* SIZEOF*/,
-	11 /* LINEAR*/,  6 /* dotLO */,  6 /* dotHI */
+	11 /* LINEAR*/, 11 /* AREA  */,  6 /* dotLO */,  6 /* dotHI */
 };
 
 /* second argument */
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ const int op_2nd[] = {
 	 1 /* <=    */,  1 /* >     */,  1 /* >=    */,
 	 0 /* DEFIN.*/,  0 /* HIGH  */,  0 /* LOW   */,  0 /* PAGE  */,
 	 0 /* BANK  */,  0 /* VRAM  */,  0 /* PAL   */,  0 /* SIZEOF*/,
-	 0 /* LINEAR*/,  0 /* dotLO */,  0 /* dotHI */
+	 0 /* LINEAR*/,  0 /* AREA  */,  0 /* dotLO */,  0 /* dotHI */
 };
 
 unsigned int op_stack[64] = {
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ struct t_symbol *expr_lablptr;	/* pointer to the last-referenced label */
 int expr_lablcnt;		/* number of label seen in an expression */
 int expr_valbank;		/* last-defined bank# in an expression */
 int complex_expr;		/* NZ if an expression contains operators */
-const char *keyword[9] = {	/* predefined functions */
+const char *keyword[10] = {	/* predefined functions */
 	"\7DEFINED",
 	"\4HIGH",
 	"\3LOW",
@@ -87,5 +88,6 @@ const char *keyword[9] = {	/* predefined functions */
 	"\4VRAM",
 	"\3PAL",
 	"\6SIZEOF",
-	"\6LINEAR"
+	"\6LINEAR",
+	"\4AREA"
 };
diff --git a/src/mkit/as/externs.h b/src/mkit/as/externs.h
index acdd0ac1..1b129233 100644
--- a/src/mkit/as/externs.h
+++ b/src/mkit/as/externs.h
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ extern int data_loccnt;			/* data location counter */
 extern int data_size;			/* size of binary output (in bytes) */
 extern int data_level;			/* data output level, must be <= listlevel to be outputed */
 extern int loccnt;			/* location counter */
+extern int area;			/* current area */
 extern int bank;			/* current bank */
 extern int bank_base;			/* bank base index */
 extern int bank_limit;			/* bank limit */
diff --git a/src/mkit/as/inst.h b/src/mkit/as/inst.h
index 2c0c6901..b7d8017c 100644
--- a/src/mkit/as/inst.h
+++ b/src/mkit/as/inst.h
@@ -204,6 +204,7 @@ struct t_opcode base_pseudo[] = {
 	{NULL,  "CALL",         do_call,        PSEUDO, P_CALL,    0},
 
 	{NULL,  "ALIGN",        do_align,       PSEUDO, P_ALIGN,   0},
+//	{NULL,  "AREA",         do_area,        PSEUDO, P_AREA,    0},
 	{NULL,  "BANK",         do_bank,        PSEUDO, P_BANK,    0},
 	{NULL,  "BSS",          do_section,     PSEUDO, P_BSS,     S_BSS},
 //	{NULL,  "BYTE",         do_db,          PSEUDO, P_DB,      0},
@@ -252,6 +253,7 @@ struct t_opcode base_pseudo[] = {
 	{NULL,  "ZP",           do_section,     PSEUDO, P_ZP,      S_ZP},
 
 	{NULL, ".ALIGN",        do_align,       PSEUDO, P_ALIGN,   0},
+	{NULL, ".AREA",         do_area,        PSEUDO, P_AREA,    0},
 	{NULL, ".BANK",         do_bank,        PSEUDO, P_BANK,    0},
 	{NULL, ".BSS",          do_section,     PSEUDO, P_BSS,     S_BSS},
 	{NULL, ".BYTE",         do_db,          PSEUDO, P_DB,      0},
diff --git a/src/mkit/as/main.c b/src/mkit/as/main.c
index 05a1965d..9f2995de 100644
--- a/src/mkit/as/main.c
+++ b/src/mkit/as/main.c
@@ -544,6 +544,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	for (pass = FIRST_PASS; pass <= LAST_PASS; pass++) {
 		infile_error = -1;
 		page = 7;
+		area = 0;
 		bank = 0;
 		loccnt = 0;
 		slnum = 0;
diff --git a/src/mkit/as/protos.h b/src/mkit/as/protos.h
index 85fe5d7b..8874f173 100644
--- a/src/mkit/as/protos.h
+++ b/src/mkit/as/protos.h
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ void do_equ(int *ip);
 void do_page(int *ip);
 void do_org(int *ip);
 void do_bank(int *ip);
+void do_area(int *ip);
 void do_incbin(int *ip);
 void do_mx(char *fname);
 void forget_included_files(void);
diff --git a/src/mkit/as/symbol.c b/src/mkit/as/symbol.c
index 0dd1671b..b11e2f6a 100644
--- a/src/mkit/as/symbol.c
+++ b/src/mkit/as/symbol.c
@@ -229,6 +229,7 @@ stinstall(int hash, int type)
 	sym->scope = NULL;
 	sym->proc = NULL;
 	sym->section = -1;
+	sym->area = -1;
 	sym->bank = RESERVED_BANK;
 	sym->nb = 0;
 	sym->size = 0;
@@ -340,6 +341,7 @@ labldef(int lval, int lbnk, int lsrc)
 		case UNDEF:
 		case IFUNDEF:
 			lablptr->type = DEFABS;
+			lablptr->area = area;
 			lablptr->bank = lbnk;
 			lablptr->value = lval;
 			break;
@@ -392,6 +394,10 @@ labldef(int lval, int lbnk, int lsrc)
 			fatal_error("Symbol's bank or address changed in final pass!");
 			return (-1);
 		}
+		if (lablptr->area != area) {
+			fatal_error("Symbol's area changed in final pass!");
+			return (-1);
+		}
 	}
 
 	/* update symbol data */
diff --git a/src/mkit/as/vars.h b/src/mkit/as/vars.h
index 6b9a96c3..45068eac 100644
--- a/src/mkit/as/vars.h
+++ b/src/mkit/as/vars.h
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ int data_loccnt;	/* data location counter */
 int data_size;		/* size of binary output (in bytes) */
 int data_level;		/* data output level, must be <= listlevel to be outputed */
 int loccnt;		/* location counter */
+int area;		/* current area */
 int bank;		/* current bank */
 int bank_base;		/* bank base index */
 int rom_limit;		/* bank limit */
diff --git a/whats.new b/whats.new
index f99105a7..3371484d 100644
--- a/whats.new
+++ b/whats.new
@@ -1,3 +1,22 @@
+  All HuC project tools ...
+  -------------------------
+- Add new "hulz" tool to compress/decompress Hudson's common LZSS data formats.
+- Change "sym2inc" tool to include bank information in the output equates.
+
+  PCEAS changes ...
+  -----------------
+- Add .AREA pseudo-op. This just sets a 32-bit "area" value which PCEAS copies
+  into every symbol when it is defined. The .AREA value can be changed at any
+  time so that subsequent symbol definitions can have different values.
+  The "area" value is set to 0 at the start of each pass.
+- Add "area()" operator to retrieve the "area" value stored within a symbol.
+  The purpose of the "area" is to allow symbols to have an extra value which
+  can then be used to tag symbols that are located in different code or data
+  overlays.
+- Change .BANK to give an error if undefined symbols are used.
+- Allow .BANK/.PAGE/.ORG within a .PROC if not in a .CODE section.
+
+
 New in version 4.00:
 --------------------
 

From 5268673c66d879dcd90c3d24b7da9f378c4411f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Brandwood <john.brandwood@telzey.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Feb 2024 13:02:39 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 40/40] Change CORE to work with (and test) PCEAS's new .AREA
 functionality.

---
 examples/asm/elmer/include/core-kernel.asm  | 10 ++++++++++
 examples/asm/elmer/include/core-stage1.s2i  |  2 +-
 examples/asm/elmer/include/core-startup.asm | 18 ++++++++++++++++--
 examples/asm/elmer/include/core.inc         |  4 ----
 4 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/core-kernel.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/include/core-kernel.asm
index b2a975c6..347a0616 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/core-kernel.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/core-kernel.asm
@@ -44,6 +44,16 @@
 
 
 
+; ***************************************************************************
+; ***************************************************************************
+;
+; core_kernel - Start of kernel code.
+;
+
+core_kernel	=	*
+
+
+
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ;
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/core-stage1.s2i b/examples/asm/elmer/include/core-stage1.s2i
index 0757f489..6000553a 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/core-stage1.s2i
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/core-stage1.s2i
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 ; ***************************************************************************
 ; ***************************************************************************
 
-core_ram1st
+core_kernel
 
 const_FFFF
 const_0000
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/core-startup.asm b/examples/asm/elmer/include/core-startup.asm
index b89b75e3..db619c85 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/core-startup.asm
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/core-startup.asm
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ core_boot:	jmp	* + 3			; Allow someone to patch this.
 
 	.if	!USING_STAGE1			; Because the Stage1 does it!
 
-		lda	core_ram1st		; Did a previous overlay set
+		lda	core_kernel		; Did a previous overlay set
 		bne	.not_first		; up the kernel already?
 
 		; Is there a duplicate of the main ISO data track?
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ core_boot:	jmp	* + 3			; Allow someone to patch this.
 
 		; Copy the kernel code to its destination in MPR1.
 
-		tii	(core_ram1st + $2000), core_ram1st, (core_ramcpy - core_ram1st)
+		tii	(core_kernel + $2000), core_ram1st, (core_ramcpy - core_ram1st)
 
 		; Copy the ISO's directory into kernel memory in MPR1.
 
@@ -414,9 +414,23 @@ core_hw_reset:	sei				; Disable interrupts.
 	.if	USING_STAGE1
 
 		; Read the already-assembled equates for the kernel code.
+		;
+		; N.B. The area() changes are only here to test PCEAS!
+
+!:		.area	-1			; Tag the STAGE1 symbols.
 
 		include "core-stage1.s"
 
+		.area	area(!-)		; Restore previous area.
+
+	.if	(core_kernel != core_ram1st)
+		.fail	Stage1 kernel has not been built with the same core_ram1st!
+	.endif
+
+	.if	(area(core_kernel) != -1)
+		.fail	.AREA is not working correctly!
+	.endif
+
 	.else	USING_STAGE1
 
 		; Remember where the startup code ends in MPR2.
diff --git a/examples/asm/elmer/include/core.inc b/examples/asm/elmer/include/core.inc
index 1c52ea9e..91d7ea6c 100644
--- a/examples/asm/elmer/include/core.inc
+++ b/examples/asm/elmer/include/core.inc
@@ -125,10 +125,6 @@ core_ram1st     =	$F8:2680
 core_ram1st     =	$F8:22D0
 	.endif	USING_PSGDRIVER
 
-		.bss
-		.org	core_ram1st
-		.code
-
 ;
 ; Include the "CORE(not TM)" startup code to begin the HuCARD / Overlay.
 ;