diff --git a/enterprise_subsidy/apps/api/v1/serializers.py b/enterprise_subsidy/apps/api/v1/serializers.py
index 383eaa5a..f8e3c1d7 100644
--- a/enterprise_subsidy/apps/api/v1/serializers.py
+++ b/enterprise_subsidy/apps/api/v1/serializers.py
@@ -128,7 +128,9 @@ class Meta:
             "state",
             "idempotency_key",
             "lms_user_id",
+            "lms_user_email",
             "content_key",
+            "content_title",
             "quantity",
             "unit",  # Manually fetch from parent ledger via get_unit().
             "fulfillment_identifier",
diff --git a/enterprise_subsidy/apps/api/v1/tests/test_views.py b/enterprise_subsidy/apps/api/v1/tests/test_views.py
index e79478a1..a3b47215 100644
--- a/enterprise_subsidy/apps/api/v1/tests/test_views.py
+++ b/enterprise_subsidy/apps/api/v1/tests/test_views.py
@@ -51,7 +51,10 @@ class APITestBase(APITestMixin):
     subsidy_access_policy_1_uuid = str(uuid.uuid4())
     subsidy_access_policy_2_uuid = str(uuid.uuid4())
     content_key_1 = "course-v1:edX+test+course.1"
+    content_title_1 = "edx: Test Course 1"
     content_key_2 = "course-v1:edX+test+course.2"
+    content_title_2 = "edx: Test Course 2"
+    lms_user_email = 'edx@example.com'
 
     def setUp(self):
         super().setUp()
@@ -69,8 +72,10 @@ def setUp(self):
             quantity=-1000,
             ledger=self.subsidy_1.ledger,
             lms_user_id=STATIC_LMS_USER_ID,  # This is the only transaction belonging to the requester.
+            lms_user_email=self.lms_user_email,
             subsidy_access_policy_uuid=self.subsidy_access_policy_1_uuid,
             content_key=self.content_key_1,
+            content_title=self.content_title_1,
         )
         self.subsidy_1_transaction_2 = TransactionFactory(
             uuid=self.subsidy_1_transaction_2_uuid,
@@ -78,8 +83,10 @@ def setUp(self):
             quantity=-1000,
             ledger=self.subsidy_1.ledger,
             lms_user_id=STATIC_LMS_USER_ID+1000,
+            lms_user_email=self.lms_user_email,
             subsidy_access_policy_uuid=self.subsidy_access_policy_2_uuid,
             content_key=self.content_key_2,
+            content_title=self.content_title_2,
         )
 
         # Create an extra subsidy with the same enterprise_customer_uuid, but the learner does not have any transactions
@@ -96,6 +103,7 @@ def setUp(self):
             quantity=-1000,
             ledger=self.subsidy_2.ledger,
             lms_user_id=STATIC_LMS_USER_ID+1000,
+            lms_user_email=self.lms_user_email,
         )
         TransactionFactory(
             uuid=self.subsidy_2_transaction_2_uuid,
@@ -103,6 +111,7 @@ def setUp(self):
             quantity=-1000,
             ledger=self.subsidy_2.ledger,
             lms_user_id=STATIC_LMS_USER_ID+1000,
+            lms_user_email=self.lms_user_email,
         )
 
         # Create third subsidy with a different enterprise_customer_uuid.  Neither test learner nor the test admin
@@ -119,6 +128,7 @@ def setUp(self):
             quantity=-1000,
             ledger=self.subsidy_3.ledger,
             lms_user_id=STATIC_LMS_USER_ID+1000,
+            lms_user_email=self.lms_user_email,
         )
         TransactionFactory(
             uuid=self.subsidy_3_transaction_2_uuid,
@@ -126,6 +136,7 @@ def setUp(self):
             quantity=-1000,
             ledger=self.subsidy_3.ledger,
             lms_user_id=STATIC_LMS_USER_ID+1000,
+            lms_user_email=self.lms_user_email,
         )
 
         self.all_initial_transactions = set([
@@ -156,7 +167,7 @@ def test_get_one_subsidy(self):
         expected_result = {
             "uuid": str(self.subsidy_1.uuid),
             "title": self.subsidy_1.title,
-            "enterprise_customer_uuid": self.subsidy_1.enterprise_customer_uuid,
+            "enterprise_customer_uuid": str(self.subsidy_1.enterprise_customer_uuid),
             "active_datetime": self.subsidy_1.active_datetime.strftime(SERIALIZED_DATE_PATTERN),
             "expiration_datetime": self.subsidy_1.expiration_datetime.strftime(SERIALIZED_DATE_PATTERN),
             "unit": self.subsidy_1.unit,
@@ -254,14 +265,18 @@ def test_can_redeem_bad_request(self, query_params):
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
 
     @mock.patch('enterprise_subsidy.apps.api.v1.views.subsidy.can_redeem')
+    @mock.patch("enterprise_subsidy.apps.subsidy.models.Subsidy.lms_user_client")
     @ddt.data(False, True)
-    def test_can_redeem_happy_path(self, has_existing_transaction, mock_can_redeem):
+    def test_can_redeem_happy_path(self, has_existing_transaction, mock_lms_user_client, mock_can_redeem):
         """
         Tests that the result of ``api.can_redeem()`` is returned as the response
         payload for a POST to the can_redeem action, including any relevant
         existing transaction.
         """
         self.set_up_admin(enterprise_uuids=[self.subsidy_1.enterprise_customer_uuid])
+        mock_lms_user_client.return_value.best_effort_user_data.return_value = {
+            'email': self.lms_user_email,
+        }
         expected_redeemable = True
         expected_active = True
         expected_price = 350
@@ -292,8 +307,10 @@ def test_can_redeem_happy_path(self, has_existing_transaction, mock_can_redeem):
                 'state': TransactionStateChoices.COMMITTED,
                 'quantity': -1000,
                 'lms_user_id': STATIC_LMS_USER_ID,
+                'lms_user_email': self.lms_user_email,
                 'subsidy_access_policy_uuid': str(self.subsidy_access_policy_1_uuid),
                 'content_key': self.content_key_1,
+                'content_title': self.content_title_1,
                 'external_reference': [],
                 'transaction_status_api_url': f"{self.transaction_status_api_url}/{self.subsidy_1_transaction_1_uuid}/",
                 'courseware_url': f"http://localhost:2000/course/{self.content_key_1}/home",
@@ -959,10 +976,18 @@ def test_retrieve_invalid_uuid(self):
     @mock.patch("enterprise_subsidy.apps.subsidy.models.Subsidy.enterprise_client")
     @mock.patch("enterprise_subsidy.apps.subsidy.models.Subsidy.price_for_content")
     @mock.patch("enterprise_subsidy.apps.content_metadata.api.ContentMetadataApi.get_content_summary")
-    def test_create(self, mock_get_content_summary, mock_price_for_content, mock_enterprise_client):
+    @mock.patch("enterprise_subsidy.apps.subsidy.models.Subsidy.lms_user_client")
+    def test_create(
+        self,
+        mock_lms_user_client,
+        mock_get_content_summary,
+        mock_price_for_content,
+        mock_enterprise_client,
+    ):
         """
         Test create Transaction, happy case.
         """
+        mock_lms_user_client.return_value.best_effort_user_data.return_value = {'email': 'edx@example.com'}
         url = reverse("api:v1:transaction-list")
         test_enroll_enterprise_fulfillment_uuid = "test-enroll-reference-id"
         mock_enterprise_client.enroll.return_value = test_enroll_enterprise_fulfillment_uuid
@@ -970,6 +995,7 @@ def test_create(self, mock_get_content_summary, mock_price_for_content, mock_ent
         mock_get_content_summary.return_value = {
             'content_uuid': 'course-v1:edX-test-course',
             'content_key': 'course-v1:edX-test-course',
+            'content_title': 'edX: Test Course',
             'source': 'edX',
             'mode': 'verified',
             'content_price': 10000,
@@ -994,7 +1020,9 @@ def test_create(self, mock_get_content_summary, mock_price_for_content, mock_ent
             f"{self.transaction_status_api_url}/{create_response_data['uuid']}/"
         )
         assert create_response_data["content_key"] == post_data["content_key"]
+        assert create_response_data["content_title"] == 'edX: Test Course'
         assert create_response_data["lms_user_id"] == post_data["lms_user_id"]
+        assert create_response_data["lms_user_email"] == 'edx@example.com'
         assert create_response_data["subsidy_access_policy_uuid"] == post_data["subsidy_access_policy_uuid"]
         assert create_response_data["courseware_url"] == f"http://localhost:2000/course/{post_data['content_key']}/home"
         self.assertDictEqual(create_response_data["metadata"], {})
@@ -1011,6 +1039,7 @@ def test_create(self, mock_get_content_summary, mock_price_for_content, mock_ent
         retrieve_response_data = retrieve_response.json()
         assert retrieve_response_data["uuid"] == create_response_data["uuid"]
         assert retrieve_response_data["idempotency_key"] == create_response_data["idempotency_key"]
+        # assert retrieve_response_data["content_title"] == 'edX: Test Course'
 
         # Uncomment after Segment events are setup:
         #
@@ -1030,10 +1059,18 @@ def test_create(self, mock_get_content_summary, mock_price_for_content, mock_ent
     @mock.patch("enterprise_subsidy.apps.subsidy.models.Subsidy.enterprise_client")
     @mock.patch("enterprise_subsidy.apps.subsidy.models.Subsidy.price_for_content")
     @mock.patch("enterprise_subsidy.apps.content_metadata.api.ContentMetadataApi.get_content_summary")
-    def test_create_with_metadata(self, mock_get_content_summary, mock_price_for_content, mock_enterprise_client):
+    @mock.patch("enterprise_subsidy.apps.subsidy.models.Subsidy.lms_user_client")
+    def test_create_with_metadata(
+        self,
+        mock_lms_user_client,
+        mock_get_content_summary,
+        mock_price_for_content,
+        mock_enterprise_client
+    ):
         """
         Test create Transaction, happy case.
         """
+        mock_lms_user_client.return_value.best_effort_user_data.return_value = {'email': 'edx@example.com'}
         url = reverse("api:v1:transaction-list")
         test_enroll_enterprise_fulfillment_uuid = "test-enroll-reference-id"
         mock_enterprise_client.enroll.return_value = test_enroll_enterprise_fulfillment_uuid
@@ -1085,10 +1122,27 @@ def test_create_with_metadata(self, mock_get_content_summary, mock_price_for_con
 
     @mock.patch("enterprise_subsidy.apps.subsidy.models.Subsidy.enterprise_client")
     @mock.patch("enterprise_subsidy.apps.subsidy.models.Subsidy.price_for_content")
-    def test_create_ledger_locked(self, mock_price_for_content, mock_enterprise_client):
+    @mock.patch("enterprise_subsidy.apps.content_metadata.api.ContentMetadataApi.get_content_summary")
+    @mock.patch("enterprise_subsidy.apps.subsidy.models.Subsidy.lms_user_client")
+    def test_create_ledger_locked(
+        self,
+        mock_lms_user_client,
+        mock_get_content_summary,
+        mock_price_for_content,
+        mock_enterprise_client,
+    ):
         """
         Test create Transaction, 429 response due to the ledger being locked.
         """
+        mock_get_content_summary.return_value = {
+            'content_uuid': 'course-v1:edX-test-course',
+            'content_key': 'course-v1:edX-test-course',
+            'source': 'edX',
+            'mode': 'verified',
+            'content_price': 10000,
+            'geag_variant_id': None,
+        }
+        mock_lms_user_client.return_value.best_effort_user_data.return_value = {'email': 'edx@example.com'}
         url = reverse("api:v1:transaction-list")
         test_enroll_enterprise_fulfillment_uuid = "test-enroll-reference-id"
         mock_enterprise_client.enroll.return_value = test_enroll_enterprise_fulfillment_uuid
@@ -1171,29 +1225,40 @@ def test_create_content_not_in_catalog(self, mock_content_metadata_api):
     @mock.patch("enterprise_subsidy.apps.subsidy.models.Subsidy.enterprise_client")
     @mock.patch("enterprise_subsidy.apps.subsidy.models.Subsidy.content_metadata_api")
     @mock.patch("enterprise_subsidy.apps.content_metadata.api.ContentMetadataApi.get_content_summary")
+    @mock.patch("enterprise_subsidy.apps.subsidy.models.Subsidy.lms_user_client")
     def test_create_external_enroll_failed(
         self,
+        mock_lms_user_client,
         mock_get_content_summary,
-        mock_content_metadata_api,
-        mock_enterprise_client
+        mock_subsidy_content_metadata_api,
+        mock_enterprise_client,
     ):
         """
         Test create Transaction, 5xx response due to the external enrollment failing. Check that a transaction is
         created, then rolled back to "failed" state.
         """
         mock_get_content_summary.return_value = {
-            'content_uuid': 'course-v1:edX+test+course.enroll.failed',
-            'content_key': 'course-v1:edX+test+course.enroll.failed',
+            'content_uuid': 'course-v1:edX-test-course',
+            'content_key': 'course-v1:edX-test-course',
             'source': 'edX',
             'mode': 'verified',
-            'content_price': 10000,
+            'content_price': 100,
+            'geag_variant_id': None,
+         }
+        mock_subsidy_content_metadata_api().get_content_summary.return_value = {
+            'content_uuid': 'course-v1:edX-test-course',
+            'content_key': 'course-v1:edX-test-course',
+            'source': 'edX',
+            'mode': 'verified',
+            'content_price': 100,
             'geag_variant_id': None,
         }
+        mock_subsidy_content_metadata_api().get_course_price.return_value = 100
+        mock_lms_user_client.return_value.best_effort_user_data.return_value = {'email': 'edx@example.com'}
         # Create privileged staff user that should be able to create Transactions.
         self.set_up_operator()
         url = reverse("api:v1:transaction-list")
         mock_enterprise_client.enroll.side_effect = HTTPError()
-        mock_content_metadata_api().get_course_price.return_value = 100
         test_content_key = "course-v1:edX+test+course.enroll.failed"
         test_lms_user_id = 1234
         post_data = {
@@ -1430,7 +1495,11 @@ def test_successful_get(
             self.set_up_admin(enterprise_uuids=[str(customer_uuid)])
             mock_oauth_client.return_value.get.return_value = MockResponse(mock_metadata, 200)
             url = reverse('api:v1:content-metadata', kwargs={'content_identifier': expected_content_key})
+
+            # Make a first call that should not run into a cached response
+            # from the cached EnterpriseCustomerViewSet.get view.
             response = self.client.get(url + f'?enterprise_customer_uuid={str(customer_uuid)}')
+
             assert response.status_code == 200
             assert response.json() == {
                 'content_title': expected_content_title,
@@ -1444,10 +1513,14 @@ def test_successful_get(
                 'geag_variant_id': expected_geag_variant_id,
             }
 
-            # Everything after this line is testing the view's cache
-            # If this mock response is ever hit, the test will fail, caching prevents it.
+            # Now make a second call to validate that the view-level cache is utilized.
+            # This means we won't make a second request via the enterprise catalog API client.
+            # Adding an exception side effect proves that we don't actually make
+            # the call with the client.
             mock_oauth_client.return_value.get.side_effect = Exception("Does not reach this")
+
             response = self.client.get(url + f'?enterprise_customer_uuid={str(customer_uuid)}')
+
             assert response.status_code == 200
             assert response.json() == {
                 'content_title': expected_content_title,
@@ -1460,6 +1533,15 @@ def test_successful_get(
                 'mode': expected_mode,
                 'geag_variant_id': expected_geag_variant_id,
             }
+            # Validate that, in the first, non-cached request, we call
+            # the enterprise catalog endpoint via the client, and that
+            # a `skip_customer_fetch` parameter is included in the request.
+            mock_oauth_client.return_value.get.assert_called_once_with(
+                f'api/v1/enterprise-customer/{customer_uuid}/content-metadata/{expected_content_key}/',
+                params={
+                    'skip_customer_fetch': True,
+                },
+            )
 
     def test_failure_no_permission(self):
         self.set_up_admin(enterprise_uuids=[str(uuid.uuid4())])
@@ -1494,6 +1576,14 @@ def test_failure_exception_while_gather_metadata(self, catalog_status_code, expe
                 url=self.mock_http_error_url
             )
             url = reverse('api:v1:content-metadata', kwargs={'content_identifier': 'content_key'})
+
             response = self.client.get(url + f'?enterprise_customer_uuid={str(customer_uuid)}')
+
             assert response.status_code == catalog_status_code
             assert response.json() == expected_response
+            mock_oauth_client.return_value.get.assert_called_once_with(
+                f'api/v1/enterprise-customer/{customer_uuid}/content-metadata/content_key/',
+                params={
+                    'skip_customer_fetch': True,
+                },
+            )
diff --git a/enterprise_subsidy/apps/api/v1/views/content_metadata.py b/enterprise_subsidy/apps/api/v1/views/content_metadata.py
index 90a1c81f..76d80dfd 100644
--- a/enterprise_subsidy/apps/api/v1/views/content_metadata.py
+++ b/enterprise_subsidy/apps/api/v1/views/content_metadata.py
@@ -106,7 +106,8 @@ def get(self, request, content_identifier, enterprise_customer_uuid):
         try:
             content_summary = self.content_metadata_api().get_content_summary(
                 enterprise_customer_uuid[0],
-                content_identifier
+                content_identifier,
+                skip_customer_fetch=True,
             )
             if not content_summary.get('content_price'):
                 logger.warning(f"Could not find course price in metadata for {content_identifier}")
diff --git a/enterprise_subsidy/apps/api/v1/views/transaction.py b/enterprise_subsidy/apps/api/v1/views/transaction.py
index 2d2ee2ad..ecfb217c 100644
--- a/enterprise_subsidy/apps/api/v1/views/transaction.py
+++ b/enterprise_subsidy/apps/api/v1/views/transaction.py
@@ -217,6 +217,10 @@ def base_queryset(self):
         for learner_only_context in learner_only_contexts:
             # For each context (enterprise_customer_uuid) that the requester only has learner access to, filter
             # transactions related to that context to only include their own transactions.
+            # AED 2023-10-31: locally, pylint complains of the binary operation.
+            # In github actions, pylint complains of a useless-suppression.
+            # Suppressing both and letting the code gods sort it out.
+            # pylint: disable=unsupported-binary-operation,useless-suppression
             if request_jwt.get('user_id'):
                 queryset = queryset.filter(
                     (
diff --git a/enterprise_subsidy/apps/api/v2/tests/test_transaction_views.py b/enterprise_subsidy/apps/api/v2/tests/test_transaction_views.py
index ddad4ff5..c13cfe38 100644
--- a/enterprise_subsidy/apps/api/v2/tests/test_transaction_views.py
+++ b/enterprise_subsidy/apps/api/v2/tests/test_transaction_views.py
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ class APITestBase(APITestMixin):
     Contains boilerplate to create a couple of subsidies with related ledgers and starting transactions.
     """
 
+    lms_user_email = 'edx@example.com'
     enterprise_1_uuid = STATIC_ENTERPRISE_UUID
     enterprise_2_uuid = str(uuid.uuid4())
 
@@ -56,6 +57,8 @@ class APITestBase(APITestMixin):
 
     content_key_1 = "course-v1:edX+test+course.1"
     content_key_2 = "course-v1:edX+test+course.2"
+    content_title_1 = "edX: Test Course 1"
+    content_title_2 = "edx: Test Course 2"
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -108,8 +111,10 @@ def _setup_transactions(cls):
             quantity=-1000,
             ledger=cls.subsidy_1.ledger,
             lms_user_id=STATIC_LMS_USER_ID+1000,
+            lms_user_email=cls.lms_user_email,
             subsidy_access_policy_uuid=cls.subsidy_access_policy_2_uuid,
             content_key=cls.content_key_2,
+            content_title=cls.content_title_2,
         )
         # Also create a reversed transaction, and also include metadata on both the transaction and reversal.
         cls.subsidy_1_transaction_3 = TransactionFactory(
@@ -118,8 +123,10 @@ def _setup_transactions(cls):
             quantity=-1000,
             ledger=cls.subsidy_1.ledger,
             lms_user_id=STATIC_LMS_USER_ID,
+            lms_user_email=cls.lms_user_email,
             subsidy_access_policy_uuid=cls.subsidy_access_policy_2_uuid,
             content_key=cls.content_key_2,
+            content_title=cls.content_title_2,
             metadata={"bin": "baz"},
         )
         cls.subsidy_1_transaction_3_reversal = ReversalFactory(
@@ -256,8 +263,10 @@ def setUpClass(cls):
             quantity=0,
             ledger=cls.subsidy_1.ledger,
             lms_user_id=STATIC_LMS_USER_ID,  # This is the only transaction belonging to the requester.
+            lms_user_email=cls.lms_user_email,
             subsidy_access_policy_uuid=cls.subsidy_access_policy_1_uuid,
             content_key=cls.content_key_1,
+            content_title=cls.content_title_1,
         )
 
     def test_list_transactions_metadata_format(self):
@@ -705,8 +714,10 @@ def test_operator_creation_happy_path_transaction_exists(self, mock_price_for_co
     @mock.patch("enterprise_subsidy.apps.subsidy.models.Subsidy.enterprise_client")
     @mock.patch("enterprise_subsidy.apps.subsidy.models.Subsidy.price_for_content")
     @mock.patch("enterprise_subsidy.apps.content_metadata.api.ContentMetadataApi.get_content_summary")
+    @mock.patch("enterprise_subsidy.apps.subsidy.models.Subsidy.lms_user_client")
     def test_operator_creation_happy_path_201(
         self,
+        mock_lms_user_client,
         mock_get_content_summary,
         mock_price_for_content,
         mock_enterprise_client
@@ -717,11 +728,15 @@ def test_operator_creation_happy_path_201(
         """
         self.set_up_operator()
 
+        mock_lms_user_client.return_value.best_effort_user_data.return_value = {
+            'email': self.lms_user_email,
+        }
         mock_enterprise_client.enroll.return_value = 'my-fulfillment-id'
         mock_price_for_content.return_value = 1000
         mock_get_content_summary.return_value = {
             'content_uuid': self.content_key_1,
             'content_key': self.content_key_1,
+            'content_title': self.content_title_1,
             'source': 'edX',
             'mode': 'verified',
             'content_price': 10000,
diff --git a/enterprise_subsidy/apps/api_client/enterprise_catalog.py b/enterprise_subsidy/apps/api_client/enterprise_catalog.py
index 721577cd..c8846b49 100644
--- a/enterprise_subsidy/apps/api_client/enterprise_catalog.py
+++ b/enterprise_subsidy/apps/api_client/enterprise_catalog.py
@@ -31,7 +31,9 @@ def content_metadata_url(self, enterprise_customer_uuid, content_identifier):
             f'content-metadata/{content_identifier}/'
         )
 
-    def get_content_metadata_for_customer(self, enterprise_customer_uuid, content_identifier):
+    def get_content_metadata_for_customer(
+        self, enterprise_customer_uuid, content_identifier, skip_customer_fetch=False, **kwargs
+    ):
         """
         Returns Enterprise Customer related data for a specified piece on content.
 
@@ -40,6 +42,12 @@ def get_content_metadata_for_customer(self, enterprise_customer_uuid, content_id
             content_identifier (str): **Either** the content UUID or content key identifier for a content record.
                 Note: the content needs to be owned by a catalog associated with the provided customer else this
                 method will throw an HTTPError.
+            skip_customer_fetch (bool): Forces enterprise-catalog to skip a sub-call to an edx-enterprise
+                API endpoint running in the edx-platform runtime. This sub-call helps the catalog service
+                understand the last time a catalog's customer record was modified, and also helps
+                to construct course and course run enrollment URLs that are usually not needed
+                in the context of enterprise-subsidy or callers of the EnterpriseCustomerViewSet.
+                Defaults to False.
         Returns:
             response (dict): JSON response object associated with a content metadata record
         Raises:
@@ -48,8 +56,11 @@ def get_content_metadata_for_customer(self, enterprise_customer_uuid, content_id
             does not exist, or is not present in a catalog associated with the customer.
         """
         content_metadata_url = self.content_metadata_url(enterprise_customer_uuid, content_identifier)
+        query_params = {}
+        if skip_customer_fetch:
+            query_params['skip_customer_fetch'] = skip_customer_fetch
         try:
-            response = self.client.get(content_metadata_url)
+            response = self.client.get(content_metadata_url, params=query_params)
             response.raise_for_status()
             return response.json()
         except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as exc:
diff --git a/enterprise_subsidy/apps/content_metadata/api.py b/enterprise_subsidy/apps/content_metadata/api.py
index df8c603b..bd80b4bc 100644
--- a/enterprise_subsidy/apps/content_metadata/api.py
+++ b/enterprise_subsidy/apps/content_metadata/api.py
@@ -136,13 +136,14 @@ def get_course_run(self, content_identifier, content_data):
                 return course_run
         return {}
 
-    def get_content_summary(self, enterprise_customer_uuid, content_identifier):
+    def get_content_summary(self, enterprise_customer_uuid, content_identifier, **kwargs):
         """
         Returns a summary dict some content metadata, makes the client call
         """
         course_details = self.get_content_metadata(
             enterprise_customer_uuid,
-            content_identifier
+            content_identifier,
+            **kwargs,
         )
         return self.summary_data_for_content(content_identifier, course_details)
 
@@ -201,7 +202,7 @@ def get_geag_variant_id(self, enterprise_customer_uuid, content_identifier):
         return self.get_content_summary(enterprise_customer_uuid, content_identifier).get('geag_variant_id')
 
     @staticmethod
-    def get_content_metadata(enterprise_customer_uuid, content_identifier):
+    def get_content_metadata(enterprise_customer_uuid, content_identifier, **kwargs):
         """
         Fetches details about the given content from a tiered (request + django) cache;
         or it fetches from the enterprise-catalog API if not present in the cache,
@@ -214,7 +215,8 @@ def get_content_metadata(enterprise_customer_uuid, content_identifier):
 
         course_details = EnterpriseCatalogApiClient().get_content_metadata_for_customer(
             enterprise_customer_uuid,
-            content_identifier
+            content_identifier,
+            **kwargs,
         )
         if course_details:
             TieredCache.set_all_tiers(
diff --git a/enterprise_subsidy/apps/subsidy/migrations/0019_alter_historicalsubsidy_options.py b/enterprise_subsidy/apps/subsidy/migrations/0019_alter_historicalsubsidy_options.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fb48272b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/enterprise_subsidy/apps/subsidy/migrations/0019_alter_historicalsubsidy_options.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Generated by Django 3.2.19 on 2023-10-31 13:02
+
+from django.db import migrations
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    dependencies = [
+        ('subsidy', '0018_alter_historicalsubsidy_options'),
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.AlterModelOptions(
+            name='historicalsubsidy',
+            options={'get_latest_by': 'history_date', 'ordering': ('-history_date', '-history_id'), 'verbose_name': 'historical subsidy'},
+        ),
+    ]
diff --git a/enterprise_subsidy/apps/subsidy/migrations/0020_remove_subsidy_unique_reference_id_non_internal.py b/enterprise_subsidy/apps/subsidy/migrations/0020_remove_subsidy_unique_reference_id_non_internal.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fe4d43c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/enterprise_subsidy/apps/subsidy/migrations/0020_remove_subsidy_unique_reference_id_non_internal.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Generated by Django 3.2.19 on 2023-10-31 13:04
+
+from django.db import migrations
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    dependencies = [
+        ('subsidy', '0019_alter_historicalsubsidy_options'),
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.RemoveConstraint(
+            model_name='subsidy',
+            name='unique_reference_id_non_internal',
+        ),
+    ]
diff --git a/enterprise_subsidy/apps/subsidy/models.py b/enterprise_subsidy/apps/subsidy/models.py
index 709b021b..2ae374a8 100644
--- a/enterprise_subsidy/apps/subsidy/models.py
+++ b/enterprise_subsidy/apps/subsidy/models.py
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 from unittest import mock
 from uuid import uuid4
 
+from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
 from django.db import models
-from django.db.models import Q
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 from edx_rbac.models import UserRole, UserRoleAssignment
 from edx_rbac.utils import ALL_ACCESS_CONTEXT
@@ -105,13 +105,6 @@ class Meta:
         """
         Metaclass for Subsidy.
         """
-        constraints = [
-            models.UniqueConstraint(
-                condition=Q(internal_only=False),  # Allow more flexibility for internal/test subsidies.
-                fields=["reference_id", "reference_type"],
-                name="unique_reference_id_non_internal",
-            )
-        ]
         ordering = ['-created']
 
     # Please reserve the "subsidy_type" field name for the future when we use it to distinguish between
@@ -219,6 +212,30 @@ class Meta:
     objects = ActiveSubsidyManager()
     all_objects = models.Manager()
 
+    def clean(self):
+        """
+        Ensures that non-internal-only subsidies are unique
+        on (reference_id, reference_type).  This is necessary
+        because MySQL does not support conditional unique constraints.
+        """
+        if not self.internal_only:
+            other_record = Subsidy.objects.filter(
+                reference_id=self.reference_id,
+                reference_type=self.reference_type,
+            ).exclude(uuid=self.uuid).first()
+            if other_record:
+                raise ValidationError(
+                    f'Subsidy {other_record.uuid} already exists with the same '
+                    f'reference_id {self.reference_id} and reference_type {self.reference_type}'
+                )
+
+    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Overrides default save() method to run full_clean.
+        """
+        self.full_clean()
+        super().save(*args, **kwargs)
+
     @property
     def is_active(self):
         """
@@ -268,7 +285,7 @@ def email_for_learner(self, lms_user_id):
         if isinstance(user_data, dict):
             return user_data.get('email')
         return None
-    
+
     def title_for_content(self, content_key):
         """
         Best effort return the title of the given content.
@@ -278,15 +295,18 @@ def title_for_content(self, content_key):
         """
         content_title = None
         try:
-            content_summary = self.content_metadata_api().get_content_summary(self.enterprise_customer_uuid, content_key)
+            content_summary = self.content_metadata_api().get_content_summary(
+                self.enterprise_customer_uuid,
+                content_key
+            )
             if content_summary:
-                    content_title = content_summary.get('title')
+                content_title = content_summary.get('content_title')
         except HTTPError as exc:
             if exc.response.status_code == status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND:
                 raise ContentNotFoundForCustomerException(
                     'The given content_key is not in any catalog for this customer.'
                 ) from exc
-        return content_title    
+        return content_title
 
     def price_for_content(self, content_key):
         """
diff --git a/enterprise_subsidy/apps/subsidy/tests/test_api.py b/enterprise_subsidy/apps/subsidy/tests/test_api.py
index 6ff06ac7..f65fe183 100644
--- a/enterprise_subsidy/apps/subsidy/tests/test_api.py
+++ b/enterprise_subsidy/apps/subsidy/tests/test_api.py
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 """
 Tests for functions defined in the ``api.py`` module.
 """
+from datetime import timedelta
 from unittest import mock
 from uuid import uuid4
 
 import pytest
 from django.test import TestCase
+from django.utils import timezone
 from openedx_ledger.models import Reversal, TransactionStateChoices, UnitChoices
 from openedx_ledger.test_utils.factories import TransactionFactory
 
@@ -25,8 +27,8 @@ def learner_credit_fixture():
         default_enterprise_customer_uuid=uuid4(),
         default_unit=UnitChoices.USD_CENTS,
         default_starting_balance=1000000,
-        default_active_datetime=None,
-        default_expiration_datetime=None,
+        default_active_datetime=timezone.now() - timedelta(days=365),
+        default_expiration_datetime=timezone.now() + timedelta(days=365),
     )
     return subsidy
 
@@ -72,8 +74,8 @@ def test_create_internal_only_subsidy_record(learner_credit_fixture):  # pylint:
         default_enterprise_customer_uuid=other_customer_uuid,
         default_unit=UnitChoices.USD_CENTS,
         default_starting_balance=42,
-        default_active_datetime=None,
-        default_expiration_datetime=None,
+        default_active_datetime=timezone.now() - timedelta(days=365),
+        default_expiration_datetime=timezone.now() + timedelta(days=365),
         default_internal_only=True
     )
     assert created
diff --git a/enterprise_subsidy/apps/subsidy/tests/test_models.py b/enterprise_subsidy/apps/subsidy/tests/test_models.py
index 3d4a30b4..17714daf 100644
--- a/enterprise_subsidy/apps/subsidy/tests/test_models.py
+++ b/enterprise_subsidy/apps/subsidy/tests/test_models.py
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 """
 Tests for functionality provided in the ``models.py`` module.
 """
+import random
 from itertools import product
 from unittest import mock
 from uuid import uuid4
 
 import ddt
 import pytest
+from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
 from django.test import TestCase
 from openedx_ledger.models import Transaction, TransactionStateChoices
 from openedx_ledger.test_utils.factories import (
@@ -99,6 +101,73 @@ def test_price_for_content_not_in_catalog(self):
         with self.assertRaises(ContentNotFoundForCustomerException):
             self.subsidy.price_for_content('some-content-key')
 
+    def test_reference_uniqueness(self):
+        """
+        Tests that not soft-deleted, non-internal-only subsidies
+        are validated to be unique on (reference_id, reference_type).
+        """
+        reference_id = random.randint(1, 10000000)
+        existing_record = SubsidyFactory.create(
+            enterprise_customer_uuid=self.enterprise_customer_uuid,
+            reference_id=reference_id,
+            internal_only=False,
+        )
+        existing_record.save()
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValidationError, 'already exists with the same reference_id'):
+            new_record = SubsidyFactory.create(
+                enterprise_customer_uuid=self.enterprise_customer_uuid,
+                reference_id=reference_id,
+                internal_only=False,
+            )
+            new_record.save()
+
+    def test_reference_uniqueness_not_constrained_on_internal_only(self):
+        """
+        Tests that not soft-deleted, internal-only subsidies
+        are allowed to not be unique on (reference_id, reference_type).
+        """
+        reference_id = random.randint(1, 100000000)
+        existing_record = SubsidyFactory.create(
+            enterprise_customer_uuid=self.enterprise_customer_uuid,
+            reference_id=reference_id,
+            internal_only=True,
+        )
+        existing_record.save()
+
+        new_record = SubsidyFactory.create(
+            enterprise_customer_uuid=self.enterprise_customer_uuid,
+            reference_id=reference_id,
+            internal_only=True,
+        )
+        new_record.save()
+        self.assertEqual(existing_record.reference_id, new_record.reference_id)
+        self.assertEqual(existing_record.reference_type, new_record.reference_type)
+
+    def test_reference_uniqueness_not_constrained_when_soft_deleted(self):
+        """
+        Tests that soft-deleted, non-internal-only subsidies
+        are allowed to not be unique on (reference_id, reference_type).
+        """
+        reference_id = random.randint(1, 100000000)
+        existing_record = SubsidyFactory.create(
+            enterprise_customer_uuid=self.enterprise_customer_uuid,
+            reference_id=reference_id,
+            internal_only=False,
+            is_soft_deleted=True,
+        )
+        existing_record.save()
+
+        new_record = SubsidyFactory.create(
+            enterprise_customer_uuid=self.enterprise_customer_uuid,
+            reference_id=reference_id,
+            internal_only=False,
+            is_soft_deleted=False,
+        )
+        new_record.save()
+        self.assertEqual(existing_record.reference_id, new_record.reference_id)
+        self.assertEqual(existing_record.reference_type, new_record.reference_type)
+
     @ddt.data(True, False)
     def test_is_redeemable(self, expected_to_be_redeemable):
         """
@@ -129,6 +198,8 @@ def setUp(self):
         self.subsidy = SubsidyFactory.create(
             enterprise_customer_uuid=self.enterprise_customer_uuid,
         )
+        self.subsidy.lms_user_client = mock.MagicMock()
+        self.subsidy.lms_user_client.return_value.best_effort_user_data.return_value = {'email': 'edx@example.com'}
         super().setUp()
 
     def test_get_committed_transaction_no_reversal(self):
@@ -231,6 +302,7 @@ def test_redeem_with_metadata(self, mock_get_content_summary, mock_enterprise_cl
         mock_get_content_summary.return_value = {
             'content_uuid': 'course-v1:edX+test+course',
             'content_key': 'course-v1:edX+test+course',
+            'content_title': 'edx: Test Course',
             'source': 'edX',
             'mode': 'verified',
             'content_price': 10000,
diff --git a/enterprise_subsidy/settings/base.py b/enterprise_subsidy/settings/base.py
index 4ad601b1..c020dfaa 100644
--- a/enterprise_subsidy/settings/base.py
+++ b/enterprise_subsidy/settings/base.py
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ def root(*path_fragments):
 
 # per-view cache timeout settings
 # We can disable caching on this view by setting the value below to 0.
-CONTENT_METADATA_VIEW_CACHE_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 60
+CONTENT_METADATA_VIEW_CACHE_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 60 * 15
 
 # disable indexing on history_date
 SIMPLE_HISTORY_DATE_INDEX = False
diff --git a/requirements/base.txt b/requirements/base.txt
index 1d52ee67..4f8dab16 100644
--- a/requirements/base.txt
+++ b/requirements/base.txt
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ openedx-events==8.6.0
     # via
     #   -r requirements/base.in
     #   openedx-ledger
-openedx-ledger==1.3.0
+openedx-ledger==1.3.2
     # via -r requirements/base.in
 packaging==23.2
     # via drf-yasg
diff --git a/requirements/ci.in b/requirements/ci.in
index 37978497..3586cbe3 100644
--- a/requirements/ci.in
+++ b/requirements/ci.in
@@ -3,4 +3,3 @@
 -c constraints.txt
 
 tox                       # Virtualenv management for tests
-tox-battery               # Makes tox aware of requirements file changes
diff --git a/requirements/ci.txt b/requirements/ci.txt
index 3b584191..a8caf1c7 100644
--- a/requirements/ci.txt
+++ b/requirements/ci.txt
@@ -26,8 +26,5 @@ tox==3.28.0
     # via
     #   -c requirements/common_constraints.txt
     #   -r requirements/ci.in
-    #   tox-battery
-tox-battery==0.6.2
-    # via -r requirements/ci.in
 virtualenv==20.24.5
     # via tox
diff --git a/requirements/dev.txt b/requirements/dev.txt
index 76c7a550..975b79d7 100644
--- a/requirements/dev.txt
+++ b/requirements/dev.txt
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ openedx-events==8.6.0
     # via
     #   -r requirements/validation.txt
     #   openedx-ledger
-openedx-ledger==1.3.0
+openedx-ledger==1.3.2
     # via -r requirements/validation.txt
 packaging==23.2
     # via
diff --git a/requirements/doc.txt b/requirements/doc.txt
index 04dddd47..385bf157 100644
--- a/requirements/doc.txt
+++ b/requirements/doc.txt
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ openedx-events==8.6.0
     # via
     #   -r requirements/test.txt
     #   openedx-ledger
-openedx-ledger==1.3.0
+openedx-ledger==1.3.2
     # via -r requirements/test.txt
 packaging==23.2
     # via
diff --git a/requirements/production.txt b/requirements/production.txt
index c0192774..334db2d4 100644
--- a/requirements/production.txt
+++ b/requirements/production.txt
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ openedx-events==8.6.0
     # via
     #   -r requirements/base.txt
     #   openedx-ledger
-openedx-ledger==1.3.0
+openedx-ledger==1.3.2
     # via -r requirements/base.txt
 packaging==23.2
     # via
diff --git a/requirements/quality.txt b/requirements/quality.txt
index 808b6fce..ada9b80a 100644
--- a/requirements/quality.txt
+++ b/requirements/quality.txt
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ openedx-events==8.6.0
     # via
     #   -r requirements/test.txt
     #   openedx-ledger
-openedx-ledger==1.3.0
+openedx-ledger==1.3.2
     # via -r requirements/test.txt
 packaging==23.2
     # via
diff --git a/requirements/test.txt b/requirements/test.txt
index ee6d1f57..bf41fc90 100644
--- a/requirements/test.txt
+++ b/requirements/test.txt
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ openedx-events==8.6.0
     # via
     #   -r requirements/base.txt
     #   openedx-ledger
-openedx-ledger==1.3.0
+openedx-ledger==1.3.2
     # via -r requirements/base.txt
 packaging==23.2
     # via
diff --git a/requirements/validation.txt b/requirements/validation.txt
index 536472b6..b4371938 100644
--- a/requirements/validation.txt
+++ b/requirements/validation.txt
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ openedx-events==8.6.0
     #   -r requirements/quality.txt
     #   -r requirements/test.txt
     #   openedx-ledger
-openedx-ledger==1.3.0
+openedx-ledger==1.3.2
     # via
     #   -r requirements/quality.txt
     #   -r requirements/test.txt
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index 75e00e4a..c69547ee 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ commands =
 setenv = 
     DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE = enterprise_subsidy.settings.test
     PYTHONPATH = {toxinidir}
-whitelist_externals = 
+allowlist_externals = 
     make
     rm
 deps = 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ commands =
     make -e -C docs html
 
 [testenv:translations]
-whitelist_externals = 
+allowlist_externals = 
     make
 deps = 
     -r{toxinidir}/requirements/dev.txt
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ commands =
     make validate_translations
 
 [testenv:quality]
-whitelist_externals = 
+allowlist_externals = 
     make
 deps = 
     -r{toxinidir}/requirements/quality.txt