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<title>Stone skipping - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</title>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en"><span dir="auto">Stone skipping</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="hatnote">"Skipping stones" redirects here. For the Orson Scott Card short story, see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skipping_Stones" title="Skipping Stones">Skipping Stones</a>. For the Alexz Johnson EP, see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skipping_Stone" title="Skipping Stone">Skipping Stone</a>.</div>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stone_skimming_-Patagonia-9Mar2010.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="./wiki_files/220px-Stone_skimming_-Patagonia-9Mar2010.jpg" width="220" height="146" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Stone_skimming_-Patagonia-9Mar2010.jpg/330px-Stone_skimming_-Patagonia-9Mar2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Stone_skimming_-Patagonia-9Mar2010.jpg/440px-Stone_skimming_-Patagonia-9Mar2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2473" data-file-height="1643"></a>
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A stone skipping on calm water</div>
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<p><b>Stone skipping</b> is a pastime which involves <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throwing" title="Throwing">throwing</a> a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology)">stone</a> with a flattened surface across a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">lake</a> or other body of water in such a way that it bounces off the surface of the water. The object of the game is to see how many times a stone can be made to bounce before sinking.</p>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
<span class="toctoggle"> [<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>] </span></div>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#Championships_and_records"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Championships and records</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#Scientific_explanation"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Scientific explanation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#Names"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Names</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Championships_and_records">Championships and records</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stone_skipping&action=edit§ion=1" title="Edit section: Championships and records">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The North American Stone Skipping Association (NASSA), founded by Coleman-McGhee, in 1989 and based in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driftwood,_Texas" title="Driftwood, Texas">Driftwood, Texas</a>, sanctioned world championships for four years from 1989 through 1992<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> in Wimberley, Texas. The next official NASSA World Championships is expected to be held at Platja d'en Ros beach in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadaqu%C3%A9s" title="Cadaqués">Cadaqués</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p>
<p>The world record according to the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_Book_of_Records" title="Guinness Book of Records" class="mw-redirect">Guinness Book of Records</a></i> is 51 skips, set by Russell Byars on July 19, 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> The previous record was 40 skips, set by Kurt Steiner at the Pennsylvania Qualifying Stone Skipping Tournament on September 14, 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>A stone skipping championship of a different nature takes place every year in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easdale" title="Easdale">Easdale, Scotland</a>, that competes for distance as opposed to number of skips.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Every year since 1997, competitors from all over the world have taken part in the World Stone Skimming Championships in a disused quarry on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easdale_Island" title="Easdale Island" class="mw-redirect">Easdale Island</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> using stones made from Easdale slate. The 2007 winner was Dougie Isaacs from Scotland. Eric Robertson won in 2008. David Gee was the 2009 winner. Dougie Isaacs won the title again in 2010, 2011 and 2013, making him the World Stone Skimming champion with the most titles in the competition's history. Lucy Wood won the Women's title in 2012 and 2013. <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Scientific_explanation">Scientific explanation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stone_skipping&action=edit§ion=2" title="Edit section: Scientific explanation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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Stone skipping</div>
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<p>An early explanation of the physics of stone-skipping was provided by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazzaro_Spallanzani" title="Lazzaro Spallanzani">Lazzaro Spallanzani</a> in the 18th century.</p>
<p>The stone generates lift in the same manner as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_disc" title="Flying disc">flying disc</a>, by pushing water down as it moves across the water at an angle. Surface tension has very little to do with it. The stone's rotation acts to stabilize it against the torque of lift being applied to the back.</p>
<p>Research undertaken by a team led by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">physicist</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lyd%C3%A9ric_Bocquet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lydéric Bocquet (page does not exist)">Lydéric Bocquet</a>, has discovered that an angle of about 20° between the stone and the water's surface is optimal.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid14702075_6-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#cite_note-pmid14702075-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> Bocquet and his colleagues were surprised to discover that changes in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed" title="Speed">speed</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation" title="Rotation">rotation</a> did not change this fact.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid14702075_6-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#cite_note-pmid14702075-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> Work by Hewitt, Balmforth and McElwaine has shown that if the horizontal speed can be maintained skipping can continue indefinitely.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> Earlier research reported by Bocquet calculated that the world record of 38 rebounds set by Coleman-McGhee, unchallenged for many years, required a speed of 12 m/s (25 mph), with a rotation of 14 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turn_(geometry)" title="Turn (geometry)">revolutions</a> per second.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid14702075_6-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#cite_note-pmid14702075-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Names">Names</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stone_skipping&action=edit§ion=3" title="Edit section: Names">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>. <span class="hide-when-compact">Please help <a class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stone_skipping&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1" title="Help:Introduction to referencing/1">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <small><i>(October 2012)</i></small></span></td>
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<ul>
<li>North America: "skipping rocks" or "skipping stones"</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Cantonese</a>: 片石(仔) [pin sek (tzai)] ("skipping (little) stones")</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: "little frogs" (βατραχάκια) <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Mongolian: "making rabbit leap" ('tuulai kharailgakh')</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: rimbalzello</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: baking pancakes (<i>pech blini</i>)</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: letting the frogs out (<i>zapuskaty zhabky</i>)</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: letting the ducks out (<i>puszczanie kaczek</i>)</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: making it to waddle (<i>kacsáztatás</i>, lit. <i>making it walk like a duck</i>)</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: making white-caps or frogging(?) (<i>hacer cabrillas</i> or <i>hacer ranitas</i>)</li>
<li>Among other names, in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>, making step-stone bridges or furrows, or simply skipping stones (<i>fer passeres</i>, <i>fer rigalets</i>, <i>llençar passanelles</i>)</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a> throwing a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burbot" title="Burbot">burbot</a> (<i>lutsu viskama</i>)</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> Bengachi (frog jumps)</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> Kappa Gantulu (frog jumps)</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian language</a>: (bacati) žabice [(to throw) little frogs]</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> either peixinho (little fish) or conchinhas (little seashells)</li>
<li>French: Faire des ricochets</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>: throwing a sandwich, if translated literally</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: <i>smut</i> or <i>at smutte</i> (slipping) or, "at slå smut" (to make slips)</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech language</a> <i>dělat (házet) žabky/žabičky</i> (to make/throw little frogs – countrywide, especially in Central and North Bohemia and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Silesia" title="Czech Silesia">Czech Silesia</a>) or <i>kačky/kačeny/kařery/kačenky/káčata/káčery/káčírky</i> (ducks/drakes/ducklings, East Bohemia and parts of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia">Moravia</a>) but there are many other local and dialectal words: rybičky/rybky (little fishes), mističky (saucers), talíře (plates/dishes), podlisky/podlíšky/lyšky (wagtails), potápky (divers), pokličky/pukličky (pot-lids), plisky, plesky (flaps), žbluňky (plops), šipky (darts), bubliny (bubbles), židy (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jew" title="Jew" class="mw-redirect">jews</a>), páni/panáky (sirs/figures), babky (gammers/wagtails), panenky (dolls/girls/dragonflies), převážet panenku Mariu (to ferry <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Mary" title="Virgin Mary" class="mw-redirect">Virgin Mary</a>) and many others.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>: <b>stone skimming</b>, <b>stone skiting</b>, and <b>ducks and drakes</b></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>: <b>stone skiffing</b>, according to Jerdone "Jerry" Coleman-McGhee, in his book, <i>The Secrets of Stone Skipping</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>:mizu kiri 「水切り」(cutting water)</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian language</a>: flounder ("flyndre")</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi language</a>: "Bhakrya kadhne"</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>: жабки (frogs)</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Mandarin</a>: 打水漂 (da shui piao)</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: Mulsujebi (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a>: <span lang="ko-Hang" xml:lang="ko-Hang">물수제비</span>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">RR</a>: <i><span title="Korean transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">mulsujebi</span></i>), meaning Water(<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a>: <span lang="ko-Hang" xml:lang="ko-Hang">물</span>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">RR</a>: <i><span title="Korean transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">mul</span></i>) and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean soup</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sujebi" title="Sujebi">Sujebi</a>.</li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stone_skipping&action=edit§ion=4" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul>
<li><i>Spinning Flight: Dynamics of Frisbees, Boomerangs, Samaras and Skipping Stones</i>, Ralph Lorenz, Copernicus New York, September 2006 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0387307796" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-387-30779-6</a></li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stone_skipping&action=edit§ion=5" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_locomotion_on_the_water_surface" title="Animal locomotion on the water surface">Animal locomotion on the water surface</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouncing_bomb" title="Bouncing bomb">Bouncing bomb</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricochet" title="Ricochet">Ricochet</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_bombing" title="Skip bombing">Skip bombing</a></li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stone_skipping&action=edit§ion=6" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#cite_ref-1"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Silver, Jonathan D. (2007-09-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/07273/821782-85.stm">"A stone's throw and then some to a Guinness record"</a>. <i>Pittsburgh Post-Gazette</i>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStone+skipping&rft.atitle=A+stone%27s+throw+and+then+some+to+a+Guinness+record&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+D.&rft.aulast=Silver&rft.au=Silver%2C+Jonathan+D.&rft.date=2007-09-30&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.post-gazette.com%2Fpg%2F07273%2F821782-85.stm&rft.jtitle=Pittsburgh+Post-Gazette&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#cite_ref-2"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pastoneskipping.com/steiner.htm">Kurt Steiner, Guinness World Record Stone Skipper</a></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#cite_ref-3"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/4280078.stm">Scots dominate in stone skimming. BBC News, 25 September 2005</a></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#cite_ref-4"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotlandontv.tv/scotland_on_tv/video.html?vxSiteId=60fdd544-9c52-4e17-be7e-57a2a2d76992&vxChannel=Active%20Sport%20Events&vxClipId=1380_SMG1204&vxBitrate=300">World Stone Skimming Championships 2007</a></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#cite_ref-5"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.stoneskimming.com/results/index.htm">http://www.stoneskimming.com/results/index.htm</a></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-pmid14702075-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#cite_ref-pmid14702075_6-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#cite_ref-pmid14702075_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#cite_ref-pmid14702075_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal">Clanet C, Hersen F, Bocquet L (January 2004). "Secrets of successful stone-skipping". <i>Nature</i> <b>427</b> (6969): 29. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F427029a">10.1038/427029a</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14702075">14702075</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStone+skipping&rft.atitle=Secrets+of+successful+stone-skipping&rft.au=Clanet+C%2C+Hersen+F%2C+Bocquet+L&rft.aulast=Clanet+C%2C+Hersen+F%2C+Bocquet+L&rft.date=January+2004&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F427029a&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14702075&rft.issue=6969&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=427" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#cite_ref-7"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal">I. J. Hewitt, N. J. Balmforth, and J. N. McElwaine (2011). "Continual Skipping on Water". <i>J. Fluid Mech.</i> <b>669</b>: 328–353. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS0022112010005057">10.1017/S0022112010005057</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStone+skipping&rft.atitle=Continual+Skipping+on+Water&rft.au=I.+J.+Hewitt%2C+N.+J.+Balmforth%2C+and+J.+N.+McElwaine&rft.aulast=I.+J.+Hewitt%2C+N.+J.+Balmforth%2C+and+J.+N.+McElwaine&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0022112010005057&rft.jtitle=J.+Fluid+Mech.&rft.pages=328-353&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=669" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#cite_ref-8"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.slang.gr/search/user/8273">http://www.slang.gr/search/user/8273</a></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#cite_ref-9"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Český jazykový atlas 1</i> (Czech Language Atlas 1), Academia, Praha, 2004, p. 110–113, <i>(dělat) žabky</i></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#cite_ref-10"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Secrets of Stone Skipping, Coleman-McGhee, 1996, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1883856019" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-883856-01-9</a></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stone_skipping&action=edit§ion=7" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="./wiki_files/37px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" width="37" height="40" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/55px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/73px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089"></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ducks_and_drakes" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:ducks and drakes">ducks and drakes</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</td>
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<ul>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johnskippykolar.com/">John "Skippy" Kolar Skipumentary</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yeeha.net/nassa/a1.html">NASSA homepage</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stoneskimming.com/">Easdale's Stone Skimming World Championships</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4280078.stm">World Championships on the BBC</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skimwales.com/">Wales Open Stone Skimming Championships</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stoneskipping.com/">Mackinac Island Stone Skipping & Gerplunking Club</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stoneskippinghalloffame.com/">The Stone Skipping Hall of Fame (virtual)</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stoneskimmingbrouwersdam.nl/">European Championships Stone Skimming</a></li>
</ul>
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