![\"Portrait](\"https://epsilon.ac.uk/css/images/henslow.jpg\" "\\"Portrait")
![\"Two](\"assets/two-women-computer.png\" "\\"Two")
\n",
+ "\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "\n",
+ "## Jupyter Notebooks\n",
+ "\n",
+ "This 'document' you are reading right now is a Jupyter Notebook. It allows you to combine explanatory **text** and Python **code** that executes to produce the results you can see on the same page. You can also create and display visualisations from your data in the same document.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Notebooks are particularly useful for *exploring* your data at an early stage and *documenting* exactly what steps you have taken (and why) to get to your results. This documentation is extremely important to record what you did so that others can reproduce your work... and because otherwise you are guaranteed to forget what you did in the future.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "![Logo of Jupyter Notebooks](https://jupyter.org/assets/nav_logo.svg \"Logo of Jupyter Notebooks\")\n",
+ "\n",
+ "For a more in-depth tutorial on getting started with Jupyter Notebooks try this [Jupyter Notebook for Beginners Tutorial](https://towardsdatascience.com/jupyter-notebook-for-beginners-a-tutorial-f55b57c23ada)."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Notebook Basics\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#### Text cells\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The box this text is written in is called a *cell*. It is a *text cell* marked up in a very simple language called 'Markdown'. Here is a useful [Markdown cheatsheet](https://github.com/adam-p/markdown-here/wiki/Markdown-Cheatsheet). You can edit and then run cells to produce a result. Running this text cell produces formatted text.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "> **EXERCISE**: Double-click on this cell now to edit it. Run the cell with the keyboard shortcut `Crtl+Enter`, or by clicking the Run button in the toolbar at the top.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "![\"Click](\"https://problemsolvingwithpython.com/02-Jupyter-Notebooks/images/run_cell.png\" "\\"Click")
\n",
+ "\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#### Code cells\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The other main kind of cell is a *code cell*. The cell immediately below this one is a code cell. Running a code cell runs the code in the cell (marked by the **`In [1]:`**) and produces a result (marked by the **`Out [1]:`**). We say the code is **evaluated**.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "> **EXERCISE**: Try running the code cell below to evaluate the Python code. Then change the sum to try and get a different result.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "---"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "3 + 4"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "From now on, always try running every code cell you see."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# This is a comment in a code cell. Comments start with a # symbol. They are ignored and do not do anything."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "**Important!**\n",
+ "\n",
+ "When running code cells you need to run them in order, from top to bottom of the notebook. This is because cells rely on the results of other cells. Without those earlier results being available you will get an error.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "To run all the cells in a notebook at once, and in order, choose Cell > Run All from the menu above. To clear all the results from all the cells, so you can start again, choose Cell > All Output > Clear."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "\n",
+ "## Introduction to the Python Excercises\n",
+ "This is a long notebook that covers many basic topics in Python:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "* Strings, lists, dictionaries and tuples\n",
+ "* String methods\n",
+ "* Indexing and slicing\n",
+ "* Loops and comprehensions\n",
+ "* Imports\n",
+ "* Functions\n",
+ "\n",
+ "It is not really intended to teach you these things from scratch as your only resource if you are a beginner. Run through the cells and do the brief exercises as a reminder or recap. \n",
+ "\n",
+ "Most of what you need to understand about Python to understand the examples in the later notebooks is here (with the exception of objects, which I gloss over). Refer back to this notebook if you find something confusing in a later notebook, but do not be afraid to move on and come back another time. You can still get a lot out of this course without understanding everything."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "\n",
+ "## How to Join In with Coding\n",
+ "\n",
+ "* **Edit** any cell and try changing the code, or delete it and write your own.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "* Before running a cell, try to **guess** what the output will be by thinking through what will happen.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "* If you encounter an **error**, realise this is normal. Errors happen all the time and by reading the error message you will learn something new.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "* Remember: you cannot 'break' your computer by editing this code, so **don't be afraid to experiment**."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "\n",
+ "## Working with Strings in Python\n",
+ "\n",
+ "When we want to store and manipulate books, archives, records or other textual data in a computer, we have to do so with **strings**. Strings are the way that Python (and most programming languages) deal with text.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "A string is a simple *sequence of characters*, for example, the string `coffee` is a sequence of the individual characters `c` `o` `f` `f` `e` `e`.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "![A cup of coffee](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Cup-o-coffee-simple.svg/240px-Cup-o-coffee-simple.svg.png \"A cup of coffee\")\n",
+ "\n",
+ "This section introduces some basic things you can do in Python to create and manipulate strings. What you learn here forms the basis of any and all text-mining you may do with Python in the future. It's worth getting the fundamentals right."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Create and Store Strings with Names\n",
+ "Strings are simple to create in Python. You can simply write some characters in quote marks (either single `'` or double `\"` is fine in general).\n",
+ "\n",
+ "By running the cell below Python will evaluate the code, recognise it is a new string, and then print it out. Try this now."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "'Butterflies are important as pollinators.'"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "In order to do something useful with this string, other than print it out, we need to store it by using the **assignment operator** `=` (equals sign). Whatever is on the right-hand side of the `=` is stored with the **name** on the left-hand side. In other words, the name is assigned to the value. The name is like a label that sticks to the value and can be used to refer to it at a later point.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The pattern is as follows:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "`name = value`\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(In other programming languages this is called creating a *variable*.)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Run the code cell below."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "my_sentence = 'Butterflies are important as pollinators.'"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Notice that nothing is printed to the screen.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "That's because the string is stored with the name `my_sentence` rather than being printed out. In order to see what is 'inside' `my_sentence` we can simply write `my_sentence` in a code cell, run it, and the interpreter will print it out for us.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Remember to run every code cell you come across in the notebook from now on."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "my_sentence"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "> **EXERCISE**: Try creating your own string in the code cell below and assign it the name `my_string`. Then add a second line of code that will cause the string to be printed out. You should have two lines of code before you run the code cell.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "\n",
+ "If you are in need of inspiration, copy and paste a string from the [Cambridge Digital Library Darwin-Hooker letters](https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/darwinhooker/1)."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Write code here. NB: if you don't do this, some of the code below will give an error!"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Concatenate Strings\n",
+ "If you add two numbers together with a plus sign (`+`) you get addition. With strings, if you add two (or more) of them together with `+` they are concatenated, that is, the sequences of characters are joined."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "another_sentence = my_sentence + ' Bees are too.'\n",
+ "another_sentence"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Write code here to create and print a new string that concatenates 3 strings together of your choice"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Manipulate Whole Strings with Methods\n",
+ "Python strings have some built-in **methods** that allow you to manipulate a whole string at once. You apply the method using what is called **dot notation**, with the name of the string first, followed by a dot (`.`), then the name of the method, and finally a pair of parenthesis (`()`), which tells Python to run the method.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The pattern is as follows:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "`name_of_my_string.method_name()`\n",
+ "\n",
+ "You can change all characters to lowercase or uppercase:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "my_string.lower()"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "my_string.upper()"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Note that these functions do not change the original string but instead create a new one. The original string is still the same as it was before:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "my_string"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "In order to 'save' the newly manipulated string, you have to assign it a new name:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "new_string = my_string.lower()\n",
+ "new_string"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Test Strings with Methods\n",
+ "\n",
+ "You can also test a string to see if it is passes some test, e.g. is the string all alphabetic characters only?"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "my_sentence.isalpha()"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "There are many different **string methods** to try. Here is a list:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The [full documentation on string methods](https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/stdtypes.html#string-methods) gives all the technical details. It is a skill and art to read code documentation, and you should start to learn it as soon as you can on your code journey. But it's not necessary for the session today.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "> **EXERCISE**: Try three of the string methods listed in the documentation above on your own string `my_string`.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "---\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Write code here"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Access Individual Characters with an Index\n",
+ "A string is just a sequence of characters, much like a list. You can access individual characters in a string by specifying which ones you want. To do this we use what is called an **index** number in square brackets (`[]`). Like this:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "my_sentence[1]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Here the index is `1` and we expect to get the first character of the string... or do we? Did you notice something unexpected?\n",
+ "\n",
+ "It gave us `u` instead of `B`.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "In programming, things are often counted from 0 rather than 1, which is called **zero-based numbering**. Thus, in the example above, `1` gives us the *second* character in the string, not the first like you might expect.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "If you want the first character in the string, you need to specify the index `0`."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Write code here to get the first character in the string"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Access a Range of Characters with Slicing\n",
+ "\n",
+ "You can also pick out a range of characters from within a string, by giving a start index, followed by an end index, with a semi-colon (`:`) in between. This is called **slice notation**.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The example below gives us the character at index `0` all the way up to, but **not** including, the character at index `20`."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "my_sentence[0:20]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Write code here to access the word \"important\" from the string"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "We can also slice in jumps through a string. To do this, we add what is known is the **step**.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The pattern is as follows:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "`my_sentence[start:stop:step]`\n",
+ "\n",
+ "So, to go in jumps of 2 characters:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "my_sentence[0:20:2]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Lists of Strings\n",
+ "Another important and useful thing we can do with strings is storing them in a **list**. For example, you could have each sentence in a document stored as a list of strings.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "To create a new list of strings we list them inside square brackets `[]` on the right-hand side of the assignment operator (`=`):"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "my_list = ['Butterflies are important as pollinators',\n",
+ " 'Butterflies feed primarily on nectar from flowers',\n",
+ " 'Butterflies are widely used in objects of art']"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Write code here to print out the list"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Yes, we have used square brackets (`[]`) before for indexing individual characters (above), but this is a different use of square brackets to create lists. If you are unfamiliar with Python, I can reassure you that eventually you get used to these different uses of square brackets."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Access Individual Strings in a List with an Index\n",
+ "Just like with strings, we can access individual items inside a list by index number:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "my_list[0]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Access a Range of Strings in a List with Slicing\n",
+ "Likewise, we can access a range of items inside a list by using slice notation:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "my_list[0:2]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Just like with strings, we can also slice in steps."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Write code here to slice every other item in `my_list` (i.e. the first and third item)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "To access the whole list we can use the shorthand:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "my_list[:]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Why would we want to do this? Well, combine this trick with a negative step, and we can go *backwards* through the whole list!"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "my_list[::-1]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "\n",
+ "## Iterate with Loops\n",
+ "\n",
+ "A `for` **loop** goes over every item in a list in turn — and runs some code for every item in that list. It makes sure that every item is visited, and then it stops when it gets to the end. We call this **iteration**; the loop _iterates_ over the list.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Loops also work for many other things other than lists, like strings, but here we stick to lists as an example.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "First, let's create a list to work with:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "game = ['rock', 'paper', 'scissors']\n",
+ "game"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Now we will loop over every item in the list `game` and print it out:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "for move in game:\n",
+ " print(move)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "The pattern is as follows:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "```\n",
+ "for item in list:\n",
+ " # do something here\n",
+ "```\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Let's look at some of the details:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "* `for` is a **keyword** that starts the loop.\n",
+ "* `item` could be any name you give to each item in the list. Name it something that makes sense, e.g. if it's a list of fruit, name it 'fruit', or if it's a list of words, name it 'word'.\n",
+ "* `in` is another keyword that goes before the name of the list.\n",
+ "* `list` could be any name for the list. If your list is a list of novels, for example, it might make sense to name your list 'library'.\n",
+ "* `:` is a colon that starts the **block** of code that you want to run.\n",
+ "* `# do something here` represents whatever code you want to run for every item in the list.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Note that a block of code in Python is indicated by **indenting** the code by several spaces (typically four spaces). If you don't indent code blocks correctly you'll get an error."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Write code here to print out each string on `my_list` with each string lowercase"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "You can also create a loop inside another loop, to access all the items in _nested_ lists (i.e. lists inside of lists):"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# This list has 3 lists in it\n",
+ "list_of_lists = [\n",
+ " [0, 1, 2],\n",
+ " [True, False, True],\n",
+ " ['straw', 'twigs', 'bricks']\n",
+ "]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# First we loop over every list\n",
+ "for list_item in list_of_lists:\n",
+ " # Then we loop over each item in each list\n",
+ " for item in list_item:\n",
+ " print(item)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "\n",
+ "## List Comprehensions\n",
+ "\n",
+ "We can **create new lists** in a quick and elegant way by using **list comprehensions**. Essentially, a list comprehension loops over each item in a list, one by one, and returns something each time, and creates a new list.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "For example, here is a list of strings:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "`['banana', 'apple', 'orange', 'kiwi']`\n",
+ "\n",
+ "We could use a list comprehension to loop over this list and create a new list with every item made UPPERCASE. The resulting list would look like this:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "`['BANANA', 'APPLE', 'ORANGE', 'KIWI']`\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The code for doing this is below:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "fruit = ['banana', 'apple', 'orange', 'kiwi']\n",
+ "fruit_u = [item.upper() for item in fruit]\n",
+ "fruit_u"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "If the `for` and `in` seems familiar, this is because list comprehensions are a special type of loop.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "We have already seen [above](0-introduction-to-python-and-text.ipynb#Iterate-with-Loops) how `for move in game` is a `for` loop that loops over every `move` in `game`. \n",
+ "\n",
+ "In list comprehensions the `for` loop is simply on one line, without any identation."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "The pattern is as follows:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "`[return_something for each_item in list]`\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "> Let's look at some of the details:\n",
+ " * A list comprehension goes inside square brackets (`[]`), which tells Python to create a new list.\n",
+ " * `list` is the name of your list. It has to be a list you have already created in a previous step.\n",
+ " * The `each_item in list` part is the loop.\n",
+ " * `each_item` is the name you assign to each item as it is selected by the loop. The name you choose should be something descriptive that helps you remember what it is.\n",
+ " * The `return_something for` part is what happens each time it loops over an item. The `return_something` could just be the original item, or it could be something fairly complicated.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The most basic example is just to return exactly the same item each time it loops over and return all items in a list.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Here is an example where we have taken our original list `my_list` and created a new list `new_list` with the exact same items unchanged:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "new_list = [item for item in my_list]\n",
+ "new_list"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Why do this? There does not seem much point to creating the same list again."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Manipulate Lists with String Methods\n",
+ "\n",
+ "By adding a string method to a list comprehension we have a powerful way to manipulate a list.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "We have already seen this in the `fruit` example above. Here's another example of the same thing with the 'butterflies' list we've been working with. Every time the Python loops over an item it transforms it to uppercase before adding it to the new list:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "new_list_upper = [item.upper() for item in my_list]\n",
+ "new_list_upper"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Write code to transform every item in the list with a string method (of your choice)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Hint: see the [full documentation on string methods](https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/stdtypes.html#string-methods)."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Filter Lists with a Condition\n",
+ "\n",
+ "We can filter a list by adding a **condition** so that only certain items are included in the new list:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "new_list_p = [item for item in my_list if 'p' in item]\n",
+ "new_list_p"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "The pattern is as follows:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "`[return_something for each_item in list if some_condition]`\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Essentially, what we are saying here is that **if** the character \"p\" is **in** the item when Python loops over it, keep it and add it to the new list, otherwise ignore it and throw it away.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Thus, the new list has only two of the strings in it. The first string has a \"p\" in \"permanent\"; the second has a \"p\" in \"September\"."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "moon_list = ['The Moon formed 4.51 billion years ago',\n",
+ " \"The Moon is Earth's only permanent natural satellite\",\n",
+ " 'The Moon was first reached in September 1959']\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Write code to filter the list `moon_list` for items that include a number (of your choice)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Add New Capabilities with Imports\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Python has a lot of amazing capabilities built-in to the language itself, like being able to manipulate strings. However, in any Python project you are likely to want to use Python code written by someone else to go beyond the built-in capabilities. Code 'written by someone else' comes in the form of a file (or files) separate to the one you are currently working on.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "An external Python file (or sometimes a **package** of files) is called a **module** and in order to use them in your code, you need to **import** it.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "This is a simple process using the keyword `import` and the name of the module. Just make sure that you `import` something _before_ you want to use it!\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The pattern is as follows:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "`import module_name`\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Here are a series of examples. See if you can guess what each one is doing before running it."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "math.pi"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "import random\n",
+ "random.random()"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "import locale\n",
+ "locale.getlocale()"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "The answers are: the value of the mathematical constant *pi*, a random number (different every time you run it), and the current locale that the computer thinks it is working in."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Reuse Code with Functions\n",
+ "\n",
+ "A function is a **reusable block of code** that has been wrapped up and given a name. The function might have been written by someone else, or it could have been written by you. We don't cover how to write functions in this course; just how to run functions written by someone else.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "In order to run the code of a function, we use the name followed by parentheses `()`.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The pattern is as follows:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "`name_of_function()`\n",
+ "\n",
+ "We have already seen this earlier. Here are a selection of functions (or methods) we have run so far:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# 'lower()' is the function (aka method)\n",
+ "my_sentence = 'Butterflies are important as pollinators.'\n",
+ "my_sentence.lower()"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# 'isalpha()' is the function (aka method)\n",
+ "my_sentence.isalpha()"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# 'random()' is the function\n",
+ "random.random()"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "#### Functions and Methods\n",
+ "There is a technical difference between functions and methods. You don't need to worry about the distinction for our course. We will treat all functions and methods as the same.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "If you are interested in learning more about functions and methods try this [Datacamp Python Functions Tutorial](https://www.datacamp.com/community/tutorials/functions-python-tutorial).\n",
+ "\n",
+ "---"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Functions that Take Arguments\n",
+ "If we need to pass particular information to a function, we put that information _in between_ the `()`. Like this:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "math.sqrt(25)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "The `25` is the value we want to pass to the `sqrt()` function so it can do its work. This value is called an **argument** to the function. Functions may take any number of arguments, depending on what the function needs.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Here is another function with an argument:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "import calendar\n",
+ "calendar.isleap(2020)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Essentially, you can think of a function as a box.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "You put an input into the box (the input may be nothing), the box does something with the input, and then the box gives you back an output. You generally don't need to worry _how_ the function does what it does (unless you really want to, in which case you can look at its code). You just know that it works.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "> ***Functions are the basis of how we 'get stuff done' in Python.***\n",
+ "\n",
+ "For example, we can use the `requests` module to get the text of a Web page:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "import requests\n",
+ "response = requests.get('https://www.wikipedia.org/')\n",
+ "response.text[137:267]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "The string `'https://www.wikipedia.org/'` is the argument we pass to the `get()` function for it to open the Web page and read it for us.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "> **EXERCISE**: Try getting the text of a different URL of your choice. What happens if you print the whole of `response.text` instead of slicing out some of the characters?"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Dictionaries\n",
+ "Dictionaries are a form of _mapping_. They map **keys** to **values**. You can think of it like the index at the back of a book, where the key is a word and its value is the page number where you can find that word in the book. To find the page number of a word, you look through the index and find the word you want (the key) and then look at the number (the value).\n",
+ "\n",
+ "```\n",
+ "agriculture, 228\n",
+ "air freight, 46\n",
+ "airplane food, 19\n",
+ "alcohol, 165\n",
+ "alfalfa, 242\n",
+ "```\n",
+ "\n",
+ "_etc._\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The Python dictionary is called a `dict` and it can hold (almost) any type of key and value: strings, numbers, Booleans (`True`, `False`) and more.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "To create a new `dict` we use curly braces `{}` and inside put each key and value separated by a colon `:`"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "my_dict = {\n",
+ " 'agriculture': 228,\n",
+ " 'air freight': 46,\n",
+ " 'airplane food': 19,\n",
+ " 'alcohol': 165,\n",
+ " 'alfalfa': 242\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "my_dict"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "So now we can find the page number (value) of any of these words (keys) by putting the key in square brackets `[]`:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "my_dict['agriculture']"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "To add a new key-value pair to the dictionary we can use the key in square brackets `[]` and assign the new value to it with the assignment operator `=`. In this example, the new key is 'allergies' and the new value is '210'."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "my_dict['allergies'] = 210\n",
+ "my_dict"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Tuples\n",
+ "A tuple is a bit like a list, except unlike a list, tuples cannot be changed. You cannot add or remove items from a tuple once you have created it. Tuples are known as **immutable**.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "NB: Tuple is often pronounced 'toople' if you are from the UK, or 'tupple' if you are from the US, but it doesn't really matter.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "To create a new tuple we use parentheses `()`:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "my_tuple = (1, 5.0, 'ten-thousand')\n",
+ "my_tuple"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "You might be a little confused as we also use parentheses `()` to call a function. However, you can recognise a tuple because the parentheses don't have a function name immediately before them. The use of `()` in tuples is totally unrelated to the use of `()` to call functions. They are merely using the same sort of brackets.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Like a list you can _slice_ a tuple, to access its items:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "my_tuple[2]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "But unlike a list, you cannot assign a new value to any of its items:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%%\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "my_tuple[2] = 'rainbows and unicorns'"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "You should get an error above that says `TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment`. This means you cannot assign a new value to any of the items in a tuple.\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Summary\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Let's take a moment to summarise what we have covered so far:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "* Python is a general-purpose programming language that is good for beginners.\n",
+ "* Jupyter notebooks have two main types of **cell** to run: **code** and **text** (Markdown).\n",
+ "* **Strings** are the basis of how Python handles text.\n",
+ "* Things we can do with strings:\n",
+ " * Create and store a string with a **name** (_aka_ variables).\n",
+ " * **Concatenate** two or more strings together.\n",
+ " * Access an individual character with an **index**.\n",
+ " * Access a range of characters with a **slice**.\n",
+ " * Manipulate whole strings or test strings with **string methods**.\n",
+ "* **Lists** are useful for holding a collection of strings.\n",
+ "* Things we can do with lists:\n",
+ " * Create and store a list of strings with a name.\n",
+ " * Access strings in a list with an index and with slicing.\n",
+ " * **Loop** over each item in a list.\n",
+ " * Create, change and **filter** a new list with a **list comprehension**.\n",
+ "* Add new capabilities by **importing** code someone else has written in a **module**.\n",
+ "* Run a **function** with and without **arguments** between the parentheses.\n",
+ "* Map keys and string values in a **dictionary**.\n",
+ "* Store a collection of strings in a **tuple** that is **immutable**.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "This is a lot! I will just reiterate what I said at the very beginning: this notebook is designed as a reminder or a recap. It is not really intended to teach you these things from scratch as your only resource if you are a beginner.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "In the [next notebook](1-basic-text-mining-concepts.ipynb) we will look at some basic text-mining concepts with Python examples."
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Python 3",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "python3"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 3
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+ "version": "3.7.7"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 1
+}
diff --git a/1-basic-text-mining-concepts.ipynb b/1-basic-text-mining-concepts.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88ea9f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1-basic-text-mining-concepts.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,650 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true,
+ "pycharm": {
+ "name": "#%% md\n"
+ }
+ },
+ "source": [
+ "# Basic Text-Mining Concepts with Python\n",
+ "\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "\n",
+ "## Introduction\n",
+ "This notebook is an introduction to some basic concepts of text wrangling and natural language processing (NLP) you need for this course. With a familiarity of these topics you will better understand the named entity recognition examples in the following notebooks. There is undoubtedly more to learn and consider for each concept, so consider this as a **brief overview** of:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "* The text-mining pipeline\n",
+ "* Tokenising\n",
+ "* Normalising\n",
+ "* Stopwords\n",
+ "* Word stems and lemmatization\n",
+ "* Part-of-speech (POS) tagging\n",
+ "* Syntactic dependency parsing"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "\n",
+ "## The Text-Mining Pipeline: 5 Steps of Text-Mining\n",
+ "There is no set way to do text-mining, but typically a workflow will involve steps like these:\n",
+ "1. Choosing and collecting text\n",
+ "2. Cleaning and preparing text\n",
+ "3. Exploring data\n",
+ "4. Analysing data\n",
+ "5. Presenting results\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "You may go through these steps more than once to refine your data and results, and frequently steps may be merged together. The important thing to realise is that steps 1-2 are critical in ensuring your data is capable of actually addressing the goals of your project. You are likely to spend significant time on cleaning and preparing your text.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "For our purposes, I have saved a copy of Homer's _Iliad_ for us to work with in the [`data`](data) folder as [`data/iliad-butler-2199-0-prepped.txt`](data/iliad-butler-2199-0-prepped.txt). This copy comes from [Project Gutenberg](http://www.gutenberg.org/): [Homer's *Iliad*, translated by Samuel Butler in 1898](http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2199). Therefore, we will start at step 2, with **cleaning and preparing** this text."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Loading Data from a File\n",
+ "\n",
+ "First, we need to open the file containing the _Iliad_ text to play with.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "### Open and Read Text Files\n",
+ "To open and read a text file we use the `open()` function and pass the filepath of the text file as an argument.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "> I am skipping out some detail here of how exactly opening a file works. If you would like to learn more about opening and reading text files, try this guide [Reading and Writing Files in Python](https://realpython.com/read-write-files-python/)."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Import a module that helps with filepaths\n",
+ "from pathlib import Path\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Create a filepath for the file\n",
+ "text_file = Path('data', 'iliad-butler-2199-0-prepped.txt')\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Open the file, read it and store the text with the name `iliad`\n",
+ "with open(text_file, encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n",
+ " iliad = file.read()\n",
+ "\n",
+ "iliad[0:200]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Tokenising with spaCy\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Before we can do anything with a text we have to transform it into a form that can be manipulated by a computer. \n",
+ "\n",
+ "**Tokenising** means splitting a text into its individual elements, such as words, sentences, or symbols. Without this, the computer would just 'see' long strings of characters and have no idea what characters might form meaningful groups.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "\n",
+ "To do some tokenising we are using [spaCy](https://spacy.io), a free and open-source Natural Language Processing (NLP) package. We will also use this same package for named entity recognition (NER) in the rest of the notebooks in this series, when we'll learn a lot more about it. For now, we will just use some of its basic functions.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "\n",
+ "First we import and load an English language model provided by spaCy (`en_core_web_sm`) and give it the name `nlp`, ready to do the work on the text."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "import en_core_web_sm\n",
+ "nlp = en_core_web_sm.load()"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "The book is so long that we might have to process only part of it, depending on how much memory your computer has. To be on the safe side, we will slice the book up to character 400000."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "iliad_small = iliad[0:400000]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Then we pass the text as an argument to the function `nlp` and spaCy does the rest. spaCy processes the text into a **document** that contains a lot of information about the text.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "This may take a while as the book is long. Watch until the `In [*]:` to the left of the code has finished and turned into an output number."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "document = nlp(iliad_small)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "We print out the document text stored in `document.text` just to check that spaCy has correctly parsed it."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "document.text[0:500]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "The document can be treated like a list of **word tokens**, which we can print out using a list comprehension:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "tokens = [word.text for word in document]\n",
+ "tokens"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Write code here to get just the first 20 tokens"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "> **EXERCISE**: What problems can you spot this these word tokens?"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "spaCy has also split the text into **sentence tokens**. The document stores these sentences in the attribute `sents` and again we can print them out using a list comprehension."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "sentences = [sent.text for sent in document.sents]\n",
+ "sentences"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Basic Text Processing\n",
+ "When spaCy runs its various text-mining functions it takes care of many things for you. For example:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "* spaCy understands that titlecase, uppercase and lowercase versions of a word may be the same word.\n",
+ "* spaCy realises that generally punctuation is not part of the beginning or end of a word.\n",
+ "* spaCy knows that words like \"the\" and \"a\" are not meaningful words in English.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Nevetherless, you might not always be using spaCy or another powerful library. Even if you are, it's important to understand how basic text processing works as a foundation for more advanced techniques.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "### Normalise to Lowercase\n",
+ "Normalising all words to lowercase ensures that the same word in different cases can be recognised as the same word.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "For example, we might want 'Shield', 'shield' and 'SHIELD' to be recognised as the same word. Though, in another case, you may not want the word 'Conservative' to be conflated with the word 'conservative'.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "How can we lowercase all the tokens in the list of tokens `tokens`? By using the string method `lower()` and a list comprehension."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "tokens_lower = [token.lower() for token in tokens]\n",
+ "tokens_lower[160:180]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Remove Puctuation\n",
+ "Punctuation such as commas, fullstops and apostrophes can complicate processing a dataset. For example, if punctuation is left in, a word count may not be accurate.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "This is a complicated matter, however, and what you choose to do would vary depending on your project. It may be appropriate to remove punctuation at different stages of processing. In our case we are going to remove it *after* the text has been tokenised.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "We will replace *all* punctuation with the empty string `''`. (You do not need to understand this code fully.)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Import a module that helps with string processing\n",
+ "import string\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Make a table that translates all punctuation to an empty value (`None`)\n",
+ "table = str.maketrans('', '', string.punctuation)\n",
+ "punc_table = {chr(key):value for (key, value) in table.items()}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Print the punctuation translation table to inspect it\n",
+ "punc_table"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Perform the translation\n",
+ "tokens_nopunct = [token.translate(table) for token in tokens_lower]\n",
+ "tokens_nopunct[160:180]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Remove Non-Word Tokens\n",
+ "\n",
+ "We are still left with some problematic tokens that are not useful words, such as empty tokens (`''`) and newline characters (`\\r`, `\\n`).\n",
+ "\n",
+ "We can try a filter condition for the empty tokens. The operator `!=` is the negative equality operator, so `if token != ''` means \"if token is _not_ equal to the empty string\"."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "tokens_notempty = [token for token in tokens_nopunct if token != '']\n",
+ "tokens_notempty[140:160]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "The operator `==` is the equality operator. If you just want a list of empty tokens, write the list comprehension replacing the `!=` with `==`."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Write code here to get a list of empty tokens"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Finally, we can remove all the newline characters by adding a condition that filters out all non-alphabetic characters. The string method to use is `isalpha()`."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "tokens = [token for token in tokens_notempty if token.isalpha()]\n",
+ "tokens"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### English Stopwords\n",
+ "Let's say we are interested in a frequency analysis of words in this book. In other words, we want to find out what are the most common words in order to get an idea about its contents.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "But not all words are equally interesting. Some common words in English carry little meaning, such as \"the\", \"a\" and \"its\". These are called **stopwords**. There is no definitive list of stopwords, but most Python packages used for Natural Language Processing provide one as a starting point, and spaCy is no exception."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Import the spaCy standard stopwords list\n",
+ "from spacy.lang.en.stop_words import STOP_WORDS\n",
+ "stopwords = [stop for stop in STOP_WORDS]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Sort the stopwords in alphabetical order to make them easier to inspect\n",
+ "sorted(stopwords)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Write code here to count the number of stopwords"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "> **EXERCISE**: What do you notice about these stopwords?\n",
+ "\n",
+ "For your own projects you would need to consider which stopwords are most appropriate:\n",
+ "* Will standard stopword lists for modern languages be suitable for that language written 10, 50, 200 years ago?\n",
+ "* Are there special stopwords specific to the topic or style of literature?\n",
+ "* How might you find or create your own stopword list?\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Now we can filter out the stopwords that match this list:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "tokens_nostops = [token for token in tokens if token not in stopwords]\n",
+ "tokens_nostops"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Create a Frequency Distribution\n",
+ "Just to demonstrate how nice and clean our tokens are now, we will create a frequency distribution by counting the frequency of each unique word in the text.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "First, we create a frequency distribution:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Import a module that helps with counting\n",
+ "from collections import Counter\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Count the frequency of words\n",
+ "word_freq = Counter(tokens_nostops)\n",
+ "word_freq"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "This `Counter` maps each word to the number of times it appears in the text, e.g. `'coward': 17`. By scrolling down the list you can inspect what look like common and infrequent words.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Now we can get precisely the 10 most common words using the function `most_common()`:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "scrolled": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "common_words = word_freq.most_common(10)\n",
+ "common_words"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Visualise Results\n",
+ "Visualising results can be very useful during text processing to review how well things are going.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "There are many options for displaying simple charts, and very complex data, in Jupyter notebooks. We are going to use the most well-known library called [Matplotlib](https://matplotlib.org/), although it is perhaps not the easiest to use compared with some others.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "We don't need to dwell on details of this code as we won't be using Matplotlib again in this course.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Let's display our results as a simple line plot:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Display the plot inline in the notebook with interactive controls\n",
+ "%matplotlib notebook\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Import the matplotlib plot function\n",
+ "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Get a list of the most common words\n",
+ "words = [word for word,_ in common_words]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Get a list of the frequency counts for these words\n",
+ "freqs = [count for _,count in common_words]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Set titles, labels, ticks and gridlines\n",
+ "plt.title(\"Top 10 Words used in Homer's Iliad in English translation\")\n",
+ "plt.xlabel(\"Word\")\n",
+ "plt.ylabel(\"Count\")\n",
+ "plt.xticks(range(len(words)), [str(s) for s in words], rotation=90)\n",
+ "plt.grid(b=True, which='major', color='#333333', linestyle='--', alpha=0.2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Plot the frequency counts\n",
+ "plt.plot(freqs)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Show the plot\n",
+ "plt.show()"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Word Stems and Lemmatization\n",
+ "One form of normalisation we have not yet done is to make sure that different **inflections** of the same word are counted together. In English, words are modified to express quantity, tense, etc. (i.e. **declension** and **conjugation**).\n",
+ "\n",
+ "For example, 'fish', 'fishes', 'fishy' and 'fishing' are all formed from the root 'fish'.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "There are two main ways to normalise for inflection:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "* **Stemming** is reducing a word to a stem by removing endings (a **stem** may not be an actual word).\n",
+ "* **Lemmatization** is reducing a word to its meaningful base or dictionary form using its context (a **lemma** is typically a proper word in the language).\n",
+ "\n",
+ "We will only cover lemmas here.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "### Lemmatization with spaCy\n",
+ "When we first processed the _Iliad_ text with spaCy [above](#Tokenising-with-spaCy) it created lemmas for all the tokens automatically."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "lemmas = [(token.text, token.lemma_) for token in document if token.text.isalpha()]\n",
+ "lemmas_interesting = [lemma for lemma in lemmas if lemma[0] != lemma[1] and lemma[1] != '-PRON-']\n",
+ "lemmas_interesting[-20:]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Part-of-Speech (POS) Tagging\n",
+ "Another important natural language processing (NLP) task is marking up a word according to its particular **part of speech**. A part of speech is broadly defined as a category of words with similar grammatical properties. In English the following parts of speech are commonly recognised: **noun**, **verb**, **article**, **adjective**, **preposition**, **pronoun**, **adverb**, **conjunction**, and **interjection**.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "However, in computational linguistics many more sub-categories are recognised.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "> spaCy follows the [Universal Dependences scheme](https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/) and a version of the [Penn Treebank tag set](https://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Fall_2003/ling001/penn_treebank_pos.html). To read about the full set of POS tags see the spaCy documents: [Part-of-speech tagging](https://spacy.io/api/annotation#pos-tagging).\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Again, spaCy has already POS tagged the text. We just need to look at the document:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "pos_tags = [(token.text, token.pos_, token.tag_) for token in document if token.text.isalpha()]\n",
+ "pos_tags[250:270]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Syntactic Dependency Parsing\n",
+ "As well as tagging tokens relatively independently from one another, a further form of NLP is tagging tokens according to their context and **relations with other tokens in a sentence**. \n",
+ "\n",
+ "For example, an adjective (e.g. \"dearest\") of a particular noun (e.g. \"comrades\") might be tagged as being an \"adjectival modifier\" of that _particular_ noun. Parsing a full sentence results in a **tree structure** of how every word in the sentence is related to every other word.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "> Read more about the syntactic dependency labels used by spaCy in the documentation at [Syntactic Dependency Parsing](https://spacy.io/api/annotation#dependency-parsing).\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Once more, spaCy has already done this for us. But rather than show you yet another list, this time we can use a nice visualiser called **displaCy** to see this in action.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "> To play with an online version of syntactic dependency parsing with displaCy see the [displaCy Dependency Visualizer](https://explosion.ai/demos/displacy).\n",
+ "\n",
+ "To prepare something a little more manageable than the whole _Iliad_ we will take an excerpt and create a new spaCy document first."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "excerpt = \"Achilles smiled as he heard this, and was pleased with Antilochus, who was one of his dearest comrades.\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "nlp2 = en_core_web_sm.load()\n",
+ "document2 = nlp2(excerpt)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Import the displacy package\n",
+ "from spacy import displacy\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Add some options to display it nicely\n",
+ "options = {\"compact\": True, \"distance\": 100, \"color\": \"brown\"}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Pass the excert document to displacy to display\n",
+ "displacy.render(document2, options=options)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "> **EXERCISE**: Try visualizing the parse tree of other sentences and see if you can understand the tags and relations."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Summary\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Here's what we have covered in this notebook:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "* For any project a typical **text-mining pipeline** will involve choosing and collecting text, cleaning and preparing text, exploring data, analysing data and presenting results.\n",
+ "* **Tokenising** is splitting a text into its individual elements, such as words, sentences, or symbols.\n",
+ "* Basic text processing can include: **normalising** tokens to lowercase, removing punctuation, removing non-word tokens and **stopwords**.\n",
+ "* **Lemmatization** is reducing a word to its meaningful base or dictionary form to give its **lemma**.\n",
+ "* **Part-of-speech (POS) tagging** is labelling words with the part of speech they represent, for example, noun, verb or adjective.\n",
+ "* **Syntactic dependency parsing** is tagging tokens according to their grammatical relations with other tokens in a sentence. Parsing a full sentence results in a **tree structure** of how every word in the sentence is related to every other word.\n",
+ "* The NLP library **spaCy** automatically does many of these tasks when you feed it a text to process.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "In the [next notebook](2-named-entity-recognition-of-henslow-data.ipynb) we will start our case study of another text-mining method: **named entity recognition** with letters from the Henslow Correspondence Project."
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Python 3",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "python3"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 3
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+ "version": "3.7.9"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 1
+}
diff --git a/2-named-entity-recognition-of-henslow-data.ipynb b/2-named-entity-recognition-of-henslow-data.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdb7d19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2-named-entity-recognition-of-henslow-data.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,580 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Named Entity Recognition of the John Henslow Collection\n",
+ "\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "\n",
+ "## What is Named Entity Recognition (NER)?\n",
+ "The purpose of **named entity recognition** is to extract information from unstructured text, especially where it's impractical to have humans read and markup a large number of documents.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "A named entity can be any type of real-world object or meaningful concept that is assigned a name or a [proper name](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proper_noun#Proper_names). Typically, named entities can include:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "- people\n",
+ "- organisations\n",
+ "- countries\n",
+ "- languages\n",
+ "- locations\n",
+ "- works of art\n",
+ "- dates\n",
+ "- times\n",
+ "- numbers\n",
+ "- quantities\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Examples of possible entities: a person, an organisation and a language (modern or ancient):\n", + "
\n", + "![\"She](\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Punjabi_woman_smile.jpg\" "\\"She")
\n",
+ "![\"World](\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg/320px-World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg.png\" "\\"World"){kind=logo}
\n",
+ "![\"The](\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91_%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9D.jpg/320px-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91_%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9D.jpg\" "\\"The")
\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n", + "In practice, you can define your own entities that are relevant to the sort of data you are working with. For example, a corpus of archaeological reports might need additional entities for 'culture', 'material' and 'method' in order to extract useful information within the texts.\n", + "
\n", + "\n", + "Recognising named entities means finding and classifying tokens according to the types of entities you have defined. Named entities can be single tokens, such as 'Berlin' (a place), or they can be spans or contiguous sequences of tokens, like 'The Royal Society' (an organisation) and 'Charles Robert Darwin' (a person).\n", + " \n", + "Once you have a corpus tagged with named entities, you could enrich the data further by linking each entity to a corresponding unique identifier from a knowledge base, such as [VIAF](https://viaf.org/). We will cover this further topic in the [last notebook](5-linking-named-entities.ipynb)." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "---\n", + "---\n", + "\n", + "## NER with Machine Learning using spaCy\n", + "[spaCy](https://spacy.io) is a free and open-source package that can be used to perform automated named entity recognition.\n", + "\n", + "If you're interested in learning how to work with spaCy more broadly for a variety of NLP tasks I recommend the beginner's tutorial [Natural Language Processing with spaCy in Python](https://realpython.com/natural-language-processing-spacy-python/) and, for intermediate programmers, the book [Natural Language Processing with Python and spaCy](https://nostarch.com/NLPPython).\n", + "\n", + "spaCy uses a form of machine learning called **convolutional neural networks** (CNNs) for named entity recognition. The nature of these neural networks is out of scope for this workshop, but in general terms a CNN produces a **statistical model** that is used to **predict** what are the most likely named entities in a text. This type of machine learning is described as being **supervised**, which means it must be trained on data that has been correctly labelled with named entities before it can do automated labelling on data it's never seen before.\n", + "\n", + "As a statistical technique, the predictions might be wrong; in fact, they often are, and it's usually necessary to re-train and adjust the model until its predictions are better. We will cover training a model in the following notebooks.\n", + "\n", + "Fortunately, we don't need to start completely from scratch because spaCy provides a range of [pre-trained language models](https://spacy.io/usage/models#languages) for modern languages such as English, Spanish, French and German. For other languages you can train your own and use them with spaCy or re-train one of the existing models.\n", + "\n", + "The English models that spaCy offers have been trained on the [OntoNotes corpus](https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/LDC2013T19). These models can predict the following entities 'out of the box':\n", + "\n", + "
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
PERSON | People, including fictional. |
NORP | Nationalities or religious or political groups. |
FAC | Buildings, airports, highways, bridges, etc. |
ORG | Companies, agencies, institutions, etc. |
GPE | Countries, cities, states. |
LOC | Non-GPE locations, mountain ranges, bodies of water. |
PRODUCT | Objects, vehicles, foods, etc. (Not services.) |
EVENT | Named hurricanes, battles, wars, sports events, etc. |
WORK_OF_ART | Titles of books, songs, etc. |
LAW | Named documents made into laws. |
LANGUAGE | Any named language. |
DATE | Absolute or relative dates or periods. |
TIME | Times smaller than a day. |
PERCENT | Percentage, including ”%“. |
MONEY | Monetary values, including unit. |
QUANTITY | Measurements, as of weight or distance. |
ORDINAL | “first”, “second”, etc. |
CARDINAL | Numerals that do not fall under another type. |
Table from: \n", + "https://spacy.io/api/annotation#named-entities\n", + "
\n", + "\n", + "For more detail about how to use spaCy for NER, see the documentation [Named Entity Recognition 101](https://spacy.io/usage/linguistic-features#named-entities-101).\n", + "\n", + "An alternative to spaCy is [Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK)](https://www.nltk.org/), which was the first open-source Python library for NLP, originally released in 2001. It is still a valuable tool for teaching and research and has better support in the community for older and non-Indo-European languages; but spaCy is easier to use and faster, which is why I'm using it here." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "---\n", + "---\n", + "\n", + "## NER in Practice: A Letter from William Christy, Jr., to John Henslow \n", + "Included with these Jupyter notebooks are a set of data from the Henslow Correspondence Project (HCP), which locates and transcribes the letters of the botanist and mineralogist, [John Stevens Henslow](https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/john-stevens-henslow) (1796–1861). John Henslow was professor of Botany and Mineralogy at the University of Cambridge, and mentor and friend to Charles Darwin; they exchanged significant letters throughout their lives.\n", + "\n", + "\n",
+ "Portrait of J.S. Henslow, by T.H. Maguire, 1851.
\n", + "\n", + "The latest release of letters can be viewed on [Epsilon](https://epsilon.ac.uk/search?sort=date;f1-collection=John%20Henslow), a collaborative platform for reuniting nineteenth-century letters of science.\n", + "\n", + "> **Content warning**: The HCP letters were written during the period of British imperialism, therefore some of the correspondence contains content we now find offensive, for example, `letters_138.xml` contains a racist description. These Jupyter notebooks do not contain or discuss any of this material, but please be aware you may come across it if you browse through the letters independently.\n", + "\n", + "You can browse the letters included with these notebooks by clicking this link to the folder: [`data/henslow`](data/henslow/) \n", + "\n", + "The letters are included here courtesy of HCP and under [Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).\n", + "\n", + "---\n", + "---\n", + "## Inspecting the Letter XML\n", + "\n", + "We start with a letter William Christy, Jr. sent to Henslow in 1831 in which he discusses sending and receiving rare plant specimens, including the rather delightful *Arbutus unedo* (Strawberry tree).\n", + "\n", + "![\"Arbutus](\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arbouses.jpg\")
\n",
+ "Arbutus berries (Palombaggia, Corsica)
\n", + "\n", + "Christy was a Fellow of the Linnean Society and a non-resident member of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh.\n", + "\n", + "---\n", + "> **EXERCISE**: Open the letter now in your browser by clicking this link: [`letters_152.xml`](data/henslow/letters_152.xml).\n", + "\n", + "---\n", + "\n", + "Your browser should try to display the XML in a relatively friendly form.\n", + "As you scroll down the letter, notice the various types of information that are marked up in the `![\"Default](\"https://spacy.io/pipeline-7a14d4edd18f3edfee8f34393bff2992.svg\" "\\"Default")
\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Of all these components (tasks), the tokenizer is essential and must happen for every pipeline; the rest are optional, depending on what you want to do with your text.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "In the metadata for this model (`nlp.meta` above), you can see listed the pipeline components:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "`'pipeline': ['tagger', 'parser', 'ner']`\n",
+ "\n",
+ "This is the default processing pipeline included with the `'en_core_web_sm'` language model. You can read more about [spaCy Processing Pipelines](https://spacy.io/usage/processing-pipelines).\n",
+ "\n",
+ "As we only need the `'ner'` component, we could speed up our code by disabling the tagger and the parser like this:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "`nlp = en_core_web_sm.load(disable=['tagger', 'parser'])`"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Write your code here to compare the performance of the model with and without the unnecessary components\n",
+ "# Hint: you could use the Jupyter magic command `%%time` or `import time` and use `time.time()`"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Now, we just need to inspect the data. All the named entities are available on the `ents` attribute. The following code loops over all the named entities and prints each of them out with the labels that spaCy has predicted."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "for entity in document.ents:\n",
+ " print(f'{entity.text}: {entity.label_}')"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "What do you think of the accuracy of the labelling?"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Exporting Named Entities in JSON Format\n",
+ "We can export these named entities in a JSON format, which can be saved in a file or used as input to other spaCy functions."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Create a dictionary form of the document data \n",
+ "doc_dict = document.to_json()\n",
+ "doc_dict"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Get just the named entities item\n",
+ "ents_dict = {key: value for (key, value) in doc_dict.items() if key is 'ents'}\n",
+ "ents_dict"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Import a module for handling json\n",
+ "import json\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Export the named entities dictionary in json format\n",
+ "json.dumps(ents_dict)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Visualising Named Entities with displaCy\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The list above could be useful, but it is much easier as a human to understand how accurate the NER has been if we can see where the named entities fall within the context of the document.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Fortunately, spaCy provides a nice visualiser called **displacy** that does this for us."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "from spacy import displacy\n",
+ "displacy.render(document, style=\"ent\")"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "> **EXERCISE**: Inspect the visualisation above and make a note of what spaCy has predicted well and what it is has got wrong. Has it mislabelled some tokens? Has it missed some entities out? Has it got some of the spans wrong?\n",
+ "\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "We can also **save** the results of a visualisation as an HTML file to review later:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Import a module that helps with filepaths\n",
+ "from pathlib import Path\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Create a filepath for the output file\n",
+ "output_file = Path(\"output/ent_viz.html\")\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Give the document a title for reference\n",
+ "document.user_data[\"title\"] = \"Letter from William Christy, Jr., to John Henslow, 26 February 1831\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Output the visualisation as HTML\n",
+ "html = displacy.render(document, style='ent', jupyter=False, page=True)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Write the HTML to the output file\n",
+ "output_file.open(\"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\").write(html)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Now navigate to the file in the Jupyter file listing, or click on this link to view the file: [`output/ent_viz.html`](output/ent_viz.html). (Note that this file will not exist until you have run the code above!)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The makers of spaCy also run a [named entity visualizer demo](https://explosion.ai/demos/displacy-ent) on their website, where you can experiment with different texts without writing any code."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "> **EXERCISE**: Go back to the code where we parsed the XML of the letter with Beautiful Soup and try running the NER on some other letters. Remember you need to run all the following cells in order.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "---"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Summary\n",
+ "\n",
+ "In this notebook:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "- A **named entity** is defined as any type of real-world object or concept that is assigned a name or proper name.\n",
+ "- The Python library **BeautifulSoup** can parse text in XML, which is useful for extracting the text of Henslow letters marked up in TEI.\n",
+ "- The Python library **spaCy** can predict named entities by using an English language model that has been pre-trained using machine learning on a corpus of general modern texts.\n",
+ "- spaCy can recognise certain **pre-defined** named entities 'out of the box'.\n",
+ "- The **predictions** made by spaCy's default model are quite good but suffer from some inaccuracies.\n",
+ "- spaCy can **visualise** the named entity labels within the context of the original text so we can better assess the accuracy of the predictions.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "In the [next notebook](3-principles-of-machine-learning-for-named-entities.ipynb) we will look in more detail at how machine learning **models** make **predictions** about named entities, how to improve the predictions by **training** the model and how to create **training data** by labelling data manually. "
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Python 3",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "python3"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 3
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+ "version": "3.7.9"
+ },
+ "pycharm": {
+ "stem_cell": {
+ "cell_type": "raw",
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "source": []
+ }
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 1
+}
diff --git a/3-principles-of-machine-learning-for-named-entities.ipynb b/3-principles-of-machine-learning-for-named-entities.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11a5c6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3-principles-of-machine-learning-for-named-entities.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Principles of Machine Learning for Named Entities\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "\n",
+ "## Machine Learning Model Predictions\n",
+ "\n",
+ "A machine learning (ML) algorithm \"learns\" from past experience by storing that experience in a **statistical model**. This happens by training the algorithm on a large amount of relevant data. Then, when it encounters new data, it applies the existing statistical model, makes the best **predictions** it can and calculates a **degree of certainty** in those predictions.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "When a language model creates a named entity label for a particular token (or span of tokens) it is actually making predictions (or \"guesses\", if you like) and recording the one with the highest probability.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "![\"Cambridge](\"https://museums.cam.ac.uk/sites/default/files/inline-images/Herbarium%202.jpg\" "\\"Cambridge")
\n",
+ "Cambridge University Herbarium
\n", + "\n", + "For example, let's consider the word \"Herbarium\" in its context within this sentence in a Henslow letter (see the [last notebook](2-named-entity-recognition-of-henslow-data.ipynb#NER-in-Practice:-A-Letter-from-William-Christy,-Jr.,--to-John-Henslow)):\n", + "\n", + "> _\"I am only anxious to shew you every opportunity of benefiting your Herbarium.\"_\n", + "\n", + "A model might calculate for all possible outcomes a probability of occurrence, which could look something like this:\n", + "\n", + "Named Entities:\n", + "* \"PRODUCT\": 44%\n", + "* \"ORG\": 41%\n", + "* \"WORK_OF_ART\": 9%\n", + "* \"PERSON\": 5%\n", + "* (All others... 1% in total)\n", + "\n", + "So, while we as humans can tell \"PRODUCT\" is not accurate in the context of this letter, it has the highest probability (44%) of being correct as far as the model is concerned, based on what it has learnt in the past.\n", + "\n", + "---\n", + "> I am only anxious to shew you every opportunity of benefiting your \n", + "\n", + " Herbarium\n", + " PRODUCT\n", + "\n", + ".\n", + "\n", + "---\n", + "\n", + "Of course, I have made up these figures for the purpose of my explanation. This is not actually how spaCy's algorithm works in detail, and it's not really possible to access raw scores like this from spaCy in a comparable way, but it helps illustrate my point that a model's output is probabilistic.\n", + "\n", + "---\n", + "---\n", + "\n", + "## Lifecycle of Machine Learning\n", + "\n", + "Clearly, one pass over some training data may not be sufficient in many cases. It's necessary to train the model, check the model, re-train the model, check again, and so on, iterating on the model to achieve the most acceptable result with the time and resources available. This is often referred to as a lifecycle.\n", + "\n", + "* **Train** the model: feed the algorithm a large set of correctly labelled data.\n", + "* **Validate** the model: test its accuracy by asking for predictions on a subset of labelled data that has been reserved for this purpose.\n", + "* **Re-train** the model: if necessary, update the model to make better predictions.\n", + "* **Apply** the model: run the main body of your novel data through the algorithm and get the predictions.\n", + " \n", + "As you work through a ML project, you may need to repeat and finesse these steps.\n", + "\n", + "### Catastrophic Forgetting\n", + "\n", + "Choosing which examples to train or update a model with is a skilled task. For example, if you don't include examples in your training data of named entities in a particular context the model has already seen and can predict correctly, you may find that the model stops bothering to predict those entities. This is called **catastrophic forgetting** and is something you have to work hard to avoid!\n", + "\n", + "![Caïn venant de tuer son frère Abel, by Henri Vidal in Tuileries Garden in Paris, France. Alex E. Proimos: CC BY 2.0](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Paris_Tuileries_Garden_Facepalm_statue.jpg/320px-Paris_Tuileries_Garden_Facepalm_statue.jpg \"Caïn venant de tuer son frère Abel, by Henri Vidal in Tuileries Garden in Paris, France. Alex E. Proimos: CC BY 2.0\")\n", + "\n", + "---\n", + "---\n", + "\n", + "## Working with spaCy's Default Language Models\n", + "\n", + "As we have seen, spaCy provides some [pre-trained language models](https://spacy.io/usage/models) you can download and use for a small range of modern European languages. These have been trained on one or more large, high-quality datasets. \n", + "\n", + "These training sets may have limited relevance for projects that you hope to work with, such as:\n", + "\n", + "* language dialects\n", + "* ancient or historical forms of language\n", + "* context-specific language styles. \n", + "\n", + "For named entities, in particular, you may wish to recognise _new_ named entities or a _different set_ of named entities than provided by default.\n", + "\n", + "The alternatives are:\n", + "\n", + "* **Train a new model from scratch**: this may be appropriate in some cases, but it requires a lot of effort to create labels and it is time consuming computationally.\n", + "* **Improve an existing model**: if you can just re-train a model to improve or modify it, this will be significantly easier and less time consuming.\n", + "\n", + "For an overview of the technical details, you can read more about [Training spaCy’s Statistical Models](https://spacy.io/usage/training#basics)." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Support for Other Languages\n", + "\n", + "Support is currently being developed for many other languages, but they are at various stages of development. Many have some elements of a tokenizer and lemmatizer available, but no pipeline components for parts-of-speech tagging or named entity recognition.\n", + "\n", + "Below is code for how to load and run a blank model with a Russian tokenizer and feed in some example sentences. You can substitute Russian for any of the [supported languages listed](https://spacy.io/usage/models#languages) (with mixed results)." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "import spacy\n", + "from spacy.lang.ru import Russian\n", + "from spacy.lang.ru.examples import sentences\n", + "\n", + "# Create an empty Russian language model\n", + "nlp = Russian()\n", + "\n", + "# Process list of example texts in Russian\n", + "docs = nlp.pipe(sentences)\n", + "\n", + "# Print each sentence and its alphabetic tokens and lemmas\n", + "for doc in docs:\n", + " print(f'\\nSentence: {doc.text}')\n", + " for token in doc:\n", + " if token.is_alpha:\n", + " print(f'Token: {token.text}, Lemma: {token.lemma_}')" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "---\n", + "---\n", + "\n", + "## Training Data Labelling and Format\n", + "Before we starting training a model, we need to consider how we can acquire the training data we need. \n", + "\n", + "As we have seen, training data is a portion of your data that has been accurately **labelled** with the location of each named entity in the text and its entity type. Labelling is one type of **annotation** for machine learning.\n", + "\n", + "However, spaCy only accepts annotations in certain formats, either of:\n", + "\n", + "* A list of texts and named entity labels — when using the [`nlp.update()` method](https://spacy.io/api/language#update)\n", + "* JSON format — when using spaCy's [`spacy train` command](https://spacy.io/usage/training#spacy-train-cli)\n", + "\n", + "For example, the `nlp.update()` method needs to receive training data like this:\n", + "\n", + "`[(\"Yours very sincerely | John Evans\", {\"entities\": [(23, 33, \"PERSON\")]}),]`\n", + "\n", + "It hardly needs to be said, this is not very user friendly for a human! 😫 \n", + "\n", + "We might need to manually add or correct hundreds of labels. **What can we do to make it less painful?**\n", + "\n", + "If we used displaCy to visualise this label it might look like this:\n", + "\n", + "---\n", + "> Yours very sincerely | \n", + "\n", + " John Evans\n", + " PERSON\n", + " \n", + "\n", + "---\n", + "\n", + "This sort of visual interface would be ideal for annotating data as a human. In the next section we will look at software for doing just that." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "---\n", + "---\n", + "\n", + "## Annotation as a Human\n", + "\n", + "### Labelling Tasks\n", + "\n", + "As a human, there are several different labelling tasks you may want to perform:\n", + "* Labelling data from scratch.\n", + "* Verifying or rejecting labels predicted by spaCy.\n", + "* Labelling data for a new type of entity that spaCy doesn't know about yet.\n", + "\n", + "Which of these tasks you need to do depends on your project, but we will have the opportunity to try all three.\n", + "\n", + "### Annotation Using Doccano\n", + "\n", + "There are various software options for annotation as a human. Arguably the best for integration with spaCy is [Prodigy](https://prodi.gy/), which is a high-quality annotation tool made by the same company that created spaCy. It is a paid product, which means we can't use it for CDH Data School this year, but if you are serious about building any machine learning pipeline into your institution's workflow then you may wish to consider this professional annotation tool.\n", + "\n", + "For the moment we need a free and open-source alternative, of which there are many of varying quality, but [Doccano](https://doccano.herokuapp.com/) is perhaps the most polished, and it is collaborative, which means we can all edit the same documents.\n", + "\n", + "![\"Doccano](\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/doccano/doccano/master/frontend/assets/icon.png\" "\\"Doccano"){kind=icon}
\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The Doccano interface for annotating named entities looks something like this:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "![\"Doccano](\"assets/doccano-named-entities.png\" "\\"Doccano")
\n",
+ "\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "> **EXERCISE**: Follow the instructions given to you by the trainer to open Doccano in your browser, log in and try the various tasks.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "> Note: If you are following this notebook outside the context of the CDH Data School 2020, then you can try the [official Doccano demo](https://doccano.herokuapp.com/demo/named-entity-recognition/).\n",
+ "\n",
+ "---"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Converting Between spaCy and Doccano Formats\n",
+ "\n",
+ "In order to load the named entities spaCy produces into Doccano, it is necessary to transform the spaCy output into **Doccano's JSONL format**, where each document sits on a newline:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "```\n",
+ "{\"text\": \"We start with a letter Charles Lyell sent to Darwin in 1865 where he discusses the latest revision of his book Elements of Geology and relates to Darwin his discussions with various aquaintances about Darwin's own book On the Origin of Species. This letter has been transcribed and annotated in TEI-XML by editors from the DCP team in Cambridge.\", \"labels\": [[23, 36, \"PERSON\"], [45, 51, \"PERSON\"], [55, 59, \"DATE\"], [111, 130, \"WORK_OF_ART\"], [146, 152, \"PERSON\"], [201, 207, \"PERSON\"], [219, 243, \"WORK_OF_ART\"], [323, 326, \"ORG\"], [335, 344, \"GPE\"]]}\n",
+ "```\n",
+ "\n",
+ "I have written a utility class called **`DoccanoNamedEnts`** to help us bootstrap a first-pass of named entity recognition into Doccano for annotation. You can browse the code in [doccano/doccano_named_ents.py](doccano/doccano_named_ents.py).\n",
+ "\n",
+ "NB: This script is written specifically for our usage with letters marked up in Cambridge-style TEI. To use it for your own projects you may need to make some modifications to extract relevant data from your XML files. It's also designed for educational rather than production use.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Here is how to use it:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Import the DoccanoNamedEnts class\n",
+ "from doccano.doccano_named_ents import DoccanoNamedEnts\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Create an instance with the whole set of Henslow data\n",
+ "labels = DoccanoNamedEnts('data/henslow')\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Print the NER labels in Doccano format if you want to copy and paste it\n",
+ "labels.print()"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Write the labels in Doccano format to JSONL file\n",
+ "labels.to_file('output/doccano_ner_henslow.jsonl')"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "This JSONL file can now be uploaded to Doccano ready for annotation. \n",
+ "\n",
+ "> Doccano has an upload limit of 1MB on the file size so you may need to batch your output into multiple files. Make sure that all your XML documents have valid non-empty transcriptions as Doccano will reject any file that contains empty fields e.g. `{\"text\": \"\", \"labels\": []}`. You file must not contain any blank lines so check that before you try to upload.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "NB: On the Doccano set up for this workshop, you do not have access to the import feature. To try this out you will need to install your own version."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Summary\n",
+ "\n",
+ "In this notebook:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "- A machine learning algorithm learns from the data it has been trained on and stores its experience as a **statistical model**. The trained model can make **predictions** for text it has never seen before. For example, it can predict which named entities are the most probable for a given token (or span) in a given context.\n",
+ "- The model is not always correct in its predictions and may have to be **trained** again to improve its performance.\n",
+ "- Training takes place by feeding the model **training data**, which is data that has been accurately **labelled** by humans.\n",
+ "- We can use **text annotation software** to make it easier for humans to label training data by hand.\n",
+ "- New predictions must be **evaluated** (validated) with a sub-set of training data reserved for the purpose.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "In the [next notebook](4-updating-the-model-on-henslow-data.ipynb) we will do a **codewalk** through an example of re-training the model with Henslow data. Using Python, we will clean up the tokenization, correct named entity predictions and add a new named entity type."
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Python 3",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "python3"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 3
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+ "version": "3.7.9"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 1
+}
diff --git a/4-updating-the-model-on-henslow-data.ipynb b/4-updating-the-model-on-henslow-data.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2cecf91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/4-updating-the-model-on-henslow-data.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1157 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Updating the Model on Henslow Data\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## First, A Word\n",
+ "\n",
+ "### This Python is Intermediate\n",
+ "This notebook presents a **codewalk showing how to update a spaCy model with Henslow data**. There isn't a lot of explanation of the Python itself; if you're fairly new to the language, there might be some features of Python with which you're not familiar. \n",
+ "\n",
+ "I encourage you to learn whatever new Python features you can as you go along, but if the Python does become too difficult to understand at any point, it's absolutely fine. Just run the examples to see the results, and come back to the Python another time. Of course, you can just copy and paste the code to try with your own data, and see where that takes you!\n",
+ "\n",
+ "![\"Woman](\"assets/woman-back-computer.png\" "\\"Woman")
\n",
+ "\n",
+ "### This Notebook is for Demonstration Purposes\n",
+ "\n",
+ "In a real-world project, you would need **a few hundred to a few thousand examples to update an existing model**, and **a few thousand to a million (!) examples to train for a new entity type**. This would take a long time to arrange and a long time to process. For the purposes of this workshop, the code here uses just a few examples to demonstrate the methods in a simplified way.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "### Issues of Copyright\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The Henslow letters are included here courtesy of the [The Henslow Correspondence Project](https://epsilon.ac.uk/search?sort=date;f1-collection=John%20Henslow) and licensed under [Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Since this license allows for unrestricted remixing and transformation of the material, we should be able to use it freely for text-mining. For the purposes of abiding by the terms of the license: we are creating derivatives.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "### spaCy Annotation Format\n",
+ "\n",
+ "If you remember from the [previous notebook](3-principles-of-machine-learning-for-named-entities.ipynb#Training-Data-Labelling-and-Format), when you train a spaCy model you need to give the `nlp.update()` method training data like this:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "`[(\"Yours very sincerely | John Evans\", {\"entities\": [(23, 33, \"PERSON\")]}),]`\n",
+ "\n",
+ "However, it is hard for a human to look at this format and work out if the entity span is in the correct place. Therefore, **for the purposes of teaching**, I have included the **entity text** when creating the training data in this notebook, and only removed it at the very end when we actually update the model.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Thus, most of this training data looks like this:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "`[(\"Yours very sincerely | John Evans\", {\"entities\": [('John Evans', 23, 33, \"PERSON\")]}),]`\n",
+ "\n",
+ "But be aware, this is **not** correct. Remember not to include the entity text when doing your real-world project!"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Clean up the Sentence Boundaries\n",
+ "As with all text mining projects, a large proportion of time is spent on cleaning up data and correcting outputs.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "So, before we can even start to pick training examples, we need to fix some problems with the sentence boundaries that spaCy has created.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "We start by inspecting how the transcriptions have been split into **sentences** by the default syntactic dependency parser (pipeline component):"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "scrolled": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "from bs4 import BeautifulSoup\n",
+ "import en_core_web_sm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "with open(\"data/henslow/letters_152.xml\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n",
+ " letter = BeautifulSoup(file, \"lxml-xml\")\n",
+ "transcription = letter.find(type='transcription').text\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# We can't disable the `'parser'` component because it contains the sentencizer\n",
+ "nlp = en_core_web_sm.load(disable=['tagger'])\n",
+ "\n",
+ "document = nlp(transcription)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "for i, sentence in enumerate(document.sents):\n",
+ " print(f'Sentence {i + 1}:{sentence}\\n')"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Reviewing these sentences, we can identify a few problems:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "```\n",
+ "Sentence 1:\n",
+ "I am ashamed that I have never before acknowledged the receipt of the very valuable packet of specimens\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Sentence 2:you were so kind as to send me.\n",
+ "```\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Many of the sentences have been chopped up into sentences apparently without a good reason.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "We should also look at letters by other correspondents as well, because punctuation style can be quite different. \n",
+ "\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "> **EXERCISE**: Change the code above to examine `letters_90.xml` (or another Henslow letter) instead. What issues do you notice? Are they the same or different?"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Statistical versus Rule-Based Sentence Segmentation\n",
+ "SpaCy provides two alternative components to find the **sentence boundaries** of texts:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "* A **statistical sentencizer** is included with the syntactic dependency parser (['parser'](https://spacy.io/api/dependencyparser)) — we used this above.\n",
+ "* An independent **rule-based sentencizer** is available (['sentencizer'](https://spacy.io/api/sentencizer)) that can be customised.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "By default, the rule-based sentencizer segments sentences based on the characters `.`, `!`, and `?`. \n",
+ "\n",
+ "> If you wish to experiment with customising the characters used to mark the ends of sentences, you have to create an instance of the `Sentencizer` like this and pass in the characters in a list:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "```\n",
+ "from spacy.pipeline import Sentencizer\n",
+ "sentencizer = Sentencizer(punct_chars=[\".\", \"?\", \"!\", \"。\", \"|\"])`\n",
+ "```\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Let us compare the performance of the `'parser'` component (above) with the `'sentencizer'` component (below):"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Disable both the POS tagger and syntactic dependency parser\n",
+ "nlp = en_core_web_sm.load(disable=['tagger', 'parser'])\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Create a new rule-based sentencizer component with the default sentence markers ., !, and ?\n",
+ "# sentencizer = nlp.create_pipe(\"sentencizer\")\n",
+ "from spacy.pipeline import Sentencizer\n",
+ "sentencizer = Sentencizer(punct_chars=[\".\", \"?\", \"!\", \"。\", \"|\", \"—\"])\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Add the sentencizer to the pipeline\n",
+ "nlp.add_pipe(sentencizer)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "with open(\"data/henslow/letters_152.xml\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n",
+ " letter = BeautifulSoup(file, \"lxml-xml\")\n",
+ "transcription = letter.find(type='transcription').text\n",
+ "\n",
+ "document = nlp(transcription)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "for i, sentence in enumerate(document.sents):\n",
+ " print(f'Sentence {i + 1}:{sentence}\\n')"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "I hope you agree this has resolved some of the problems flagged above? There is still an issue in some letters with splitting on abbreviations that are terminated with a full stop (e.g. 'y.r' and 'w.ch' , but let's move on now."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Process Multiple Texts\n",
+ "So far we have processed only a single letter at a time. In fact, we want to **process the whole corpus** at once, and search the whole corpus for training examples.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The most efficient way to do this is with the **[`nlp.pipe()`](https://spacy.io/api/language#pipe)** method. This streams the texts one-by-one, or in small batches (`batch_size`), so you are not loading the whole corpus into computer memory; and it gives you the option to process using more than one of your computer's CPUs at a time (`n_process`). For example:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "`nlp.pipe(texts, batch_size=25, n_process=2)`\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Let's try named entity recognition over the whole Henslow corpus now:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Import a class that helps to manage filepaths\n",
+ "from pathlib import Path\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Create a filepath to the 1865 directory\n",
+ "dir_path = Path('data/henslow').absolute()\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Get filepaths to all the XML files in the directory\n",
+ "xml_files = (file for file in dir_path.iterdir() if file.is_file() and file.name.lower().endswith('.xml'))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Open each XML file in turn and create a list of the transcriptions\n",
+ "transcriptions = []\n",
+ "for file in xml_files:\n",
+ " with file.open('r', encoding='utf-8') as xml:\n",
+ " letter = BeautifulSoup(xml, \"lxml-xml\")\n",
+ " text = letter.find(type='transcription')\n",
+ " if text:\n",
+ " # Strip out whitespace at start and end, newlines and non-breaking spaces for better readability\n",
+ " # Also replace ampersands with 'and' for better NER\n",
+ " strip_text = text.text.strip().replace('\\n', ' ').replace(u'\\xa0', u' ').replace('& ', 'and ')\n",
+ " transcriptions.append(strip_text)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Disable unnecessary components\n",
+ "nlp = en_core_web_sm.load(disable=['tagger', 'parser'])\n",
+ "# Add the rule-based sentencizer\n",
+ "nlp.add_pipe(sentencizer)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "%%time\n",
+ "# Using the Jupyter magic method %%time to time cell execution\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# From all documents create a list of sentences and named entity labels\n",
+ "# Format: ('My sentence has an entity.', {'entities': [('span', 19, 25, 'LABEL')]})\n",
+ "ner_data = []\n",
+ "for doc in nlp.pipe(transcriptions, batch_size=25, n_process=2):\n",
+ " for sent in doc.sents:\n",
+ " \n",
+ " entities = [(ent.text, \n",
+ " (ent.start_char-sent.start_char), \n",
+ " (ent.end_char-sent.start_char), \n",
+ " ent.label_) \n",
+ " for ent in sent.ents]\n",
+ "\n",
+ " ner_data.append((sent.text, {\"entities\": entities}))"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "> **EXERCISE**: I set the batch size (`batch_size=25`) and number of processors (`n_process=2`) to try and speed up the processing. Try changing these parameters to see if you can speed it up or slow it down. What is the optimum combination? Bear in mind: larger batches take up more memory, and you can't have more processors than your computer has available cores. Also, there is an overhead associated with setting up multi-processing (i.e. using multiple cores/CPUs), so it's only worth doing if you have a lot of things to process.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Now we should have a list of 11,130 sentences and their named entities:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "len(ner_data)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Let's have a quick look at a few of these sentences and their annotations. The output we've created is a **list of tuples**, which is the format we need to input to spaCy's training method."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "ner_data[305:310]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Create Training Examples\n",
+ "We have **two options** for creating training examples:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "1. Find examples within the documents already **labelled by the model's first pass** and correct them.\n",
+ "2. Take examples from a **manually-labelled dataset** created by humans.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "We will try various examples and both ways. But towards the end of this notebook, we will only use the manually-labelled dataset to try updating the model.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "### Sentences, Paragraphs or Documents?\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The example texts can be a sentence, paragraph or longer document. In a real-world project, you should choose **whatever is most similar to what the model will see at runtime**. For example, if you intend to process each letter transcription as a block, you might get better results with examples that are whole-letter transcriptions too.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "For most of the examples below, I will just use sentences for clarity. For updating the model with the manually-labelled dataset, I will use whole transcriptions."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Correct Existing Predictions\n",
+ "\n",
+ "To correct the predictions we recieved from the model's first pass through our corpus of letters, we first need to browse the data and find some problem predictions.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "We find that a token has often been recognised as a named entity, but it is the **wrong entity type**. Examples ('PRODUCT' and 'ORG'):\n",
+ "\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "> I am only anxious to shew you every opportunity of benefiting your \n",
+ "\n",
+ " Herbarium\n",
+ " PRODUCT\n",
+ "\n",
+ ".\n",
+ "\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "> In return I shall be glad to receive as many specimens as you please of the rarer \n",
+ "\n",
+ " Cambridgeshire\n",
+ " ORG\n",
+ "\n",
+ " plants\n",
+ "\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Or that it has **wrongly predicted a span as a named entity**:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "\n",
+ "> but I am not aware of any case in wch such a \n",
+ "\n",
+ " Crystal\n",
+ " LOC\n",
+ "\n",
+ " or case of chert has been found\n",
+ " \n",
+ "---\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Or that it has **wrongly included**, or **excluded**, **tokens** in the span that is labelled. Examples:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "\n",
+ "> you may be assured of the readiness of yours | most truly \n",
+ "\n",
+ " | Edward Wilson\n",
+ " PERSON\n",
+ "\n",
+ " \n",
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "\n",
+ "> \n",
+ " Enc.\n",
+ " WORK_OF_ART\n",
+ "\n",
+ " Britannica\n",
+ " \n",
+ "---"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Nineteenth-century Letter Style and Gold Standard Training\n",
+ "In fact, spaCy's default English language model has not done well at all with this style of letter writing! The model has been confused by frequent capitalisation of nouns, the use of full stops in abbreviations, and the frequent use of ampersands to replace the word 'and'.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "If that wasn't enough, the editors have used a traditional print convention of marking the line break in the signing off with a vertical bar `|`. This character is not even present in the original letter text itself!\n",
+ "\n",
+ "In a real-world scenario, we would want to train the model on a large training set of high-quality fully labelled named entities (**gold standard** data). But for now, we will just settle for making some small corrections."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Find Training Examples for Single Tokens with `Matcher`\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Once we have reviewed the first pass at NER and started to list some predictions that need changing, we need to search for some examples.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "One approach we can take is to use spaCy's **`Matcher`** to find suitable tokens within the documents without having to iterate over each of the tokens one by one. We can then correct the named entity type.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "> For a more detailed look see [Rule-based matching](https://spacy.io/usage/rule-based-matching) and to play with the matcher interactively see the [Rule-based Matcher Explorer](https://explosion.ai/demos/matcher).\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Let's use the example of 'Cambridgeshire' to provide correct training data for this named entity as `GPE`."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "from spacy.matcher import Matcher\n",
+ "\n",
+ "nlp = en_core_web_sm.load(disable=['tagger', 'parser'])\n",
+ "nlp.add_pipe(sentencizer)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Create a new Matcher with English vocabulary\n",
+ "matcher = Matcher(nlp.vocab, validate=True)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Specify the pattern we are looking for\n",
+ "pattern = [[{\"TEXT\": \"Cambridgeshire\"}]]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Add the patterns to the Matcher\n",
+ "matcher.add(\"Cambridgeshire\", pattern)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "loc_train_data=[]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Process the transcriptions into documents\n",
+ "for doc in nlp.pipe(transcriptions, batch_size=25, n_process=2):\n",
+ " \n",
+ " # For every sentence create a new document\n",
+ " for sent in doc.sents:\n",
+ " sent_doc = nlp.make_doc(sent.text)\n",
+ " \n",
+ " # Create a matcher for the sentence document\n",
+ " matches = matcher(sent_doc)\n",
+ " \n",
+ " # If there is match, get the named entities, correct and append them to the training data list\n",
+ " if matches:\n",
+ " \n",
+ " spans = [(sent_doc[start:end]) for match_id, start, end in matches]\n",
+ " entities = [(span.text, span.start_char, span.end_char, \"GPE\") for span in spans]\n",
+ " example = (sent_doc.text, {\"entities\": entities})\n",
+ " \n",
+ " loc_train_data.append(example)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "We now have training data in a format suitable for updating the model (even if the sentencization still needs some work!):"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "loc_train_data"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Find Training Examples of Multiple Tokens with `PhraseMatcher`\n",
+ "If we have a large list of terminology that we would like match for, and those terms may span multiple tokens, then the **[`PhraseMatcher`](https://spacy.io/api/phrasematcher)** is the most efficient way to find examples.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "> For more details on using the `PhraseMatcher` see [Rule-based matching: Efficient phrase matching](https://spacy.io/usage/rule-based-matching#phrasematcher).\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Let's try this on a range of known signatures, in an attempt to correct the sign-offs with the added vertical bar:\n",
+ "* \"J S Henslow\"\n",
+ "* \"H. T. Stainton\"\n",
+ "* \"John Evans\"\n",
+ "* \"R.T. Lowe\"\n",
+ "* \"W. H. Miller\"\n",
+ "* \"J. S. Bowerbank\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(Of course, we already have this particular information in the XML metadata, but with sufficient effort a similar list could be created for mentions of persons in the main body of the transcriptions, or learned societies, or whatever terminology is specific to the context.)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "from spacy.matcher import PhraseMatcher\n",
+ "\n",
+ "nlp = en_core_web_sm.load(disable=['tagger', 'parser'])\n",
+ "nlp.add_pipe(sentencizer)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Create a new PhraseMatcher with English vocabulary\n",
+ "matcher = PhraseMatcher(nlp.vocab, validate=True)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Specify the terms we are looking for\n",
+ "terms = [\"J S Henslow\", \"H. T. Stainton\", \"John Evans\", \"R.T. Lowe\", \"W. H. Miller\", \"J. S. Bowerbank\"]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# PhraseMatcher takes Doc objects rather than text patterns\n",
+ "# We use `nlp.make_doc()` to create the Docs quickly\n",
+ "patterns = [nlp.make_doc(text) for text in terms]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Add the pattern Docs to the Matcher\n",
+ "matcher.add(\"AuthorList\", None, *patterns)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "signoff_train_data=[]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "for doc in nlp.pipe(transcriptions, batch_size=25, n_process=2):\n",
+ " \n",
+ " for sent in doc.sents:\n",
+ " sent_doc = nlp.make_doc(sent.text)\n",
+ " \n",
+ " matches = matcher(sent_doc)\n",
+ " \n",
+ " # If there is match, get the named entities, label and append them to the training data list\n",
+ " if matches:\n",
+ " \n",
+ " spans = [(sent_doc[start:end]) for match_id, start, end in matches]\n",
+ " entities = [(span.text, span.start_char, span.end_char, \"PERSON\") for span in spans]\n",
+ " example = (sent_doc.text, {\"entities\": entities})\n",
+ " \n",
+ " signoff_train_data.append(example)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "signoff_train_data"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Add a New Entity Type\n",
+ "Now we are going to add a completely new entity type **\"TAXONOMY\"**. We shall define this as a type of entity for any Linnaean taxonomic name (domain, kingdom, phylum, division, class, order, family, genus or species). Binomials (genus plus species together) should be labelled as one span. \n",
+ "\n",
+ "> \"TAXONOMY\" seems like a new entity that would be of relevance and interest in the set of Henslow letters, and could be linked to an authority or knowledgebase later. In the much larger set of Darwin's letters edited by the Darwin Correspondence Project (DCP) a lot of information is included in the footnotes where species occur, reconciling historical taxonomic names with new ones. But this sort of metadata isn't included in the Henslow corpus, and neither corpora have, as yet, marked up the species in TEI where they occur in the transcriptions.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "You could add any new entity type that is relevant to your project, but it should be as **general** as possible, otherwise it will be difficult for the model to learn and predict. So you would perhaps not choose \"FLOWER_SPECIES\" as a new named entity; it would be too difficult to learn the difference between that and other species."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Getting Training Examples from Human Annotation\n",
+ "In the annotation exercise using Doccano (see the [previous notebook](3-principles-of-machine-learning-for-named-entities.ipynb#Annotation-Using-Doccano)) you created a training set for \"TAXONOMY\" collaboratively. Since the result of your efforts is not available as I write this notebook, I have done a small amount of annotation manually myself in order to demonstrate what we can do with it. I have a subset of 40 HCP letters labelled up with \"TAXONOMY\" entities: [`data/henslow_data_doccano_taxonomy_ner.jsonl`](data/henslow_data_doccano_taxonomy_ner.jsonl).\n",
+ "\n",
+ "After exporting a training set from Doccano, it is necessary to transform the output from Doccano JSONL format into spaCy's training format.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Doccano's output format looks like this:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "```\n",
+ "{\"id\": 3742, \"text\": \"Could you procure me ripe seeds of Melampyrum arvense\", \"meta\": {}, \"annotation_approver\": null, \"labels\": [[35, 54, \"TAXONOMY\"]]}\n",
+ "```\n",
+ "\n",
+ "But we need to transform it into spaCy's training format:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "```\n",
+ "[('Could you procure me ripe seeds of Melampyrum arvense', {'entities': [(35, 54, 'TAXONOMY')]})]\n",
+ "```\n",
+ "\n",
+ "> REMEMBER: **for the purposes of teaching**, I have included the **entity text** when creating the training data in this notebook, and only removed it at the very end when we actually update the model.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Let's use a package called **srsly** (made by the creators of spaCy) to read the JSONL into a list of dictionaries:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "import srsly\n",
+ "\n",
+ "filepath = Path('data', 'henslow_data_doccano_taxonomy_ner.jsonl').absolute()\n",
+ "annotations = list(srsly.read_jsonl(filepath))\n",
+ "annotations[1]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Now we can transform this list of dictionaries into the list of tuples that we need:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "taxonomy_train_data = []\n",
+ "for annotation in annotations:\n",
+ " text = annotation.get('text')\n",
+ " entities = [(text[start:end], start, end, type_) for start, end, type_ in annotation.get('labels')]\n",
+ " taxonomy_train_data.append((text, {'entities': entities}))\n",
+ " \n",
+ "taxonomy_train_data[1]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Notice that this training set is a list of documents (transcriptions) not sentences, as that is how the data was loaded into Doccano. When working on real-world project you will need to decide how best to segment your data."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Rule-Based Entity Recognition with `EntityRuler`\n",
+ "Before we move onto training the statistical model, I want to cover an important new feature of spaCy, the **[`EntityRuler`](https://spacy.io/api/entityruler)**. This component allows you to **add named entities based on patterns**, and **combine** this rule-based approach with statistical named entity recognition.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "We are going to use it to add some examples of \"TAXONOMY\" named entities in a rule-based way. \n",
+ "\n",
+ "> For more details about what you can do with `EntityRuler` see [Rule-based entity recognition: EntityRuler](https://spacy.io/usage/rule-based-matching#entityruler).\n",
+ "\n",
+ "To use `EntityRuler` we:\n",
+ "* Create the **pattern** we are looking for (\"TAXONOMY\" entities that match things like \"Pulmonaria\").\n",
+ "* Create a new **'ruler'** component and add the pattern to it.\n",
+ "* Ensure that it **overwrites** any named entities predicted by the 'ner' component.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "> BUG ALERT: We should be able to add the new 'ruler' component to the pipeline _before_ the statistical 'ner' component, so that the 'ner' component respects the existing entity spans and adjust its predictions around it. However, there is a bug in spaCy that prevents us loading the 'ner' component manually. See: [Adding EntityRuler before ner and saving model to disk crashes loading the model](https://github.com/explosion/spaCy/issues/4042)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "To bootstrap our list of patterns, we can use the \"TAXONOMY\" entities we have already labelled."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Loop through the \"TAXONOMY\" training data and create a list of named taxons\n",
+ "entity_taxon = []\n",
+ "for item in taxonomy_train_data:\n",
+ " entities = item[1].get('entities')\n",
+ " if entities:\n",
+ " for ent in entities:\n",
+ " taxon = ent[0]\n",
+ " entity_taxon.append(taxon)\n",
+ " \n",
+ "# Create a set from the list to ensure uniqueness\n",
+ "unique_entity_taxons = set(entity_taxon)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "unique_entity_taxons"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Create the patterns to match from this set\n",
+ "patterns = []\n",
+ "for taxon in unique_entity_taxons:\n",
+ " texts = [{\"TEXT\": word} for word in taxon.split()]\n",
+ " patterns.append({\"label\": \"TAXONOMY\", \"pattern\": texts})"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "patterns[:10]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "from spacy.pipeline import EntityRuler\n",
+ "\n",
+ "nlp = en_core_web_sm.load(disable=['tagger', 'parser'])\n",
+ "nlp.add_pipe(sentencizer)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Add the new label to the 'ner' component\n",
+ "ner = nlp.get_pipe('ner')\n",
+ "ner.add_label(\"TAXONOMY\")\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Create the new EntityRuler\n",
+ "ruler = EntityRuler(nlp, overwrite_ents=True, validate=True)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Add patterns to the new EntityRuler\n",
+ "ruler.add_patterns(patterns)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Add new component to the pipeline\n",
+ "nlp.add_pipe(ruler)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Check the components in the pipeline\n",
+ "nlp.pipeline"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Let's now check to see if the new \"TAXONOMY\" entity has been created as we expect it:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "%%time\n",
+ "\n",
+ "from spacy.matcher import Matcher\n",
+ "\n",
+ "matcher = Matcher(nlp.vocab, validate=True)\n",
+ "pattern = [{\"ENT_TYPE\": \"TAXONOMY\"}]\n",
+ "matcher.add(\"Taxonomy\", [pattern])\n",
+ "\n",
+ "taxonomy_data=[]\n",
+ "for doc in nlp.pipe(transcriptions, batch_size=25, n_process=2):\n",
+ " \n",
+ " for sent in doc.sents:\n",
+ " sent_doc = nlp(sent.text)\n",
+ " matches = matcher(sent_doc)\n",
+ " \n",
+ " # If there is match, get all the named entities and append them to the training data list\n",
+ " if matches:\n",
+ " entities = [(ent.text, \n",
+ " (ent.start_char-sent.start_char), \n",
+ " (ent.end_char-sent.start_char), \n",
+ " ent.label_) \n",
+ " for ent in sent.ents]\n",
+ " \n",
+ " taxonomy_data.append((sent.text, {\"entities\": entities}))"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "scrolled": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "taxonomy_data[10:20]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "It is no surprise in this and other examples that while the exact matches for the patterns (e.g. 'Primula vulgaris') have been successfully labelled \"TAXONOMY\", other taxonomic names we know are still wrongly identified, e.g.:\n",
+ "* `('Potentilla', 601, 611, 'PERSON')`\n",
+ "* `('Lactuca', 552, 559, 'ORG')`\n",
+ "\n",
+ "For the model to be able to generalise about the new entity \"TAXONOMY\" we need to train it."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Overview of Training Data Examples\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Over the course of this notebook we have looked at multiple ways to create training data:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "* Using spaCy's \"matchers\" to **match specific patterns** in the predicted named entities _or_\n",
+ "* Creating **manually-annotated** named entity labels.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "We have run through the following examples of creating training data:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "* To correct the named entity type of \"Cambridgeshire\" to `'GPE'` (using `Matcher`).\n",
+ "* To correct sign-offs by providing a list of known person signatures (using `PhraseMatcher`).\n",
+ "* To add a new named entity type \"TAXONOMY\" by providing manually-annotated data (exported from Doccano).\n",
+ "\n",
+ "We have also directly added a new named entity type \"TAXONOMY\" using a rule-based approach (using `EntityRuler`), by providing a list of taxonomic terms.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Now we will try using the **manually-annotated data for a new named entity \"TAXONOMY\"** to update the machine learning model in a **simplified example**."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Prevent Catastrophic Forgetting\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Previously, we saved the manually-annotated \"TAXONOMY\" entities with the name `taxonomy_train_data`. Note that this training set includes whole transcriptions, not sentences."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "taxonomy_train_data[16]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "In general, before any training occurs, we must ensure our training set includes examples that have **no named entity labels** so that the model does not learn to generalise incorrectly. Fortunately, in this example, we already have documents with no \"TAXONOMY\" entities in the manually-labelled data:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "taxonomy_train_data[39]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "It's also crucial that examples are inclusive of entities that have already been **correctly labelled by the model**. Otherwise the model may forget the labels it has already correctly labelled and that certain spans should not be labelled -- **catastrophic forgetting**.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "> There is more you can do to prevent a model from forgetting its initialized knowledge, called **rehearsing**, but this is out of our scope.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "To simplify things, we will not do this in this example. But you should do this in your real-world project!"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Training and Validation Sets\n",
+ "\n",
+ "In general, it's also important that we take our training set and reserve a certain portion for validating the results -- before setting the new model loose on the rest of our data.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "In our simplified case, we only have 33 examples of documents with \"TAXONOMY\" entities out of a total set of 40, so we are not going to do this! But, again, this is a vital step in a real-world project."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "num_examples = [example for example in taxonomy_train_data if example[1].get('entities') != []]\n",
+ "len(num_examples)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Updating the Model\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Training Data\n",
+ "\n",
+ ">Before going any further, we need to make sure our training data does **not** have the **entity texts** in it. If you remember from the introduction to this notebook, I included the entity texts so we could better see the results of our code. Now we need to remove them."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "TRAIN_DATA = []\n",
+ "for annotation in annotations:\n",
+ " text = annotation.get('text')\n",
+ " entities = [(start, end, type_) for start, end, type_ in annotation.get('labels')]\n",
+ " TRAIN_DATA.append((text, {'entities': entities}))\n",
+ " \n",
+ "TRAIN_DATA[1]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### The Training Loop\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Finally, we can try to update the model!\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The steps to training the model are:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "* **Load** the model to start with\n",
+ "* **Shuffle** and **loop** over the examples\n",
+ "* **Update** the model by calling **[`nlp.update()`](https://spacy.io/api/language#update)**\n",
+ "* Save the model\n",
+ "* Test the model\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The **training loop** goes over the examples several times to update the statistical model, and by **shuffling** the examples we prevent the model generalising based on the order of the examples.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "> There's lots and lots more about updating the model in the spaCy documentation: see [Training the named entity recognizer](https://spacy.io/usage/training#ner).\n",
+ "\n",
+ "First, let's set up the default English model we have used before, with unwanted pipes disabled, and the new entity type added to the 'ner' component:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "import en_core_web_sm\n",
+ "nlp = en_core_web_sm.load()\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Disable all the other pipeline components\n",
+ "other_pipes = [pipe for pipe in nlp.pipe_names if pipe != 'ner']\n",
+ "nlp.disable_pipes(*other_pipes)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Add the new label to the 'ner' component\n",
+ "ner = nlp.get_pipe('ner')\n",
+ "ner.add_label(\"TAXONOMY\")"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "We need to create an **optimizer**, which is a function that holds intermediate results when updating the model.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(NB: Some other tutorials will use `nlp.begin_training()`, but if you do this to create the optimizer automatically instead, it forgets all the entity types and you have to add them back. You can also use `nlp.resume_training()` instead of creating an optimizer manually.)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Create an optimizer to hold intermediate results\n",
+ "optimizer = nlp.entity.create_optimizer()"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Then we present the training examples in a loop and in **random order** to avoid training the model to learn anything about the order of the example. We also **batch** the examples up in small sizes (between 2 and 4 documents at a time) in order to improve the contextual awareness of the model.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "> NOTE: The code below may take several minutes to complete."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "%%time\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import random\n",
+ "from spacy.util import minibatch, compounding\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Loop over 10 times\n",
+ "for i in range(10):\n",
+ " \n",
+ " # Randomised the training data\n",
+ " random.shuffle(TRAIN_DATA)\n",
+ " \n",
+ " # Set up the batch sizes\n",
+ " max_batch_size = 4\n",
+ " batch_size = compounding(2.0, max_batch_size, 1.001)\n",
+ " \n",
+ " # Create the batches of training data\n",
+ " batches = minibatch(TRAIN_DATA, size=batch_size)\n",
+ " \n",
+ " losses = {}\n",
+ " \n",
+ " # Update the model with each batch\n",
+ " for batch in batches:\n",
+ " texts, annotations = zip(*batch)\n",
+ " \n",
+ " # Update the model, passing in the optimizer\n",
+ " nlp.update(texts, annotations, sgd=optimizer, drop=0.3, losses=losses)\n",
+ " \n",
+ " print(\"Loss\", losses)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "**Success!** If the code cell returned a time, something like below, then you have successfully updated the model!\n",
+ "\n",
+ "```\n",
+ "CPU times: user 27.4 s, sys: 13.4 ms, total: 27.4 s\n",
+ "Wall time: 27.4 s\n",
+ "```\n",
+ "\n",
+ "### Loss and Model Performance\n",
+ "What is this \"loss\" that has printed out? During training, the goal is to minimize the error of the model prediction. This error is called the **loss**. \n",
+ "\n",
+ "Ideally, the value should **decrease** each time you loop over the training examples. If it increases or stays the same, then you need to make some changes. In a real-world scenario, you would need to fiddle with the various options (loop, batch size, examples, etc.) in order to get the ideal performance.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "If you find that the loss starts going back up again, you need to stop after a certain number of iterations to preserve the best model performance."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Save and Reload the Updated Model\n",
+ "After updating the model, we want to save it so that we can re-use it another time."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Rename the model and serialize it to disk\n",
+ "nlp.meta[\"name\"] = 'core_web_sm_taxonomy'\n",
+ "nlp.to_disk('output/core_web_sm_taxonomy')"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Now if you check the `output/core_web_sm_taxonomy` folder in the Jupyter notebook listing you should see something like this:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "![\"Jupyter](\"assets/taxonomy_saved_model.png\" "\\"Jupyter")
"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "To use the updated model again, we simply load it like this:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "import spacy\n",
+ "nlp2 = spacy.load('output/core_web_sm_taxonomy')\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Review the metadata to see the new name and entity type\n",
+ "nlp2.meta"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Test the Updated Model\n",
+ "So, let's test the updated model with a transcription from the training set that we know it should recognise:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "%%time\n",
+ "\n",
+ "doc2 = nlp2(u\"I have to thank you for copy of Dict.– I have not proceeded with it – still whenever you feel that you have a certain claim on me be pleased to say so & it shall be met duly. I have always believed that the Primula vulgaris, elatior, & veris, were but varieties of one species, & I think you had the same opinion. If it be not inconvenient will you oblige me with a note by return, stating any evidence that has fallen under y. r notice. I shall in next No. of Botanic Garden & Scientist publish two varieties raised by Mr. Williams of Pitmaston from seed of the Cowslip – the one a pretty Polyanthus. Mr W. has many varieties, intermediate between the wild cowslip & garden Polyanthus – perhaps I can find you one – all are from cowslip seed. I am anxious to compare different varieties of Wheat with each other, but do not find it easy to obtain them. If you can oblige me with an Ear of a sort of any Suffolk varieties I shall have pleasure in “Paying in Kind”. Can you direct me to a detail of the proximate principles of many varieties? (besides Mackenzie’s) I find here & there an analysis, but nothing worth notice. It appears to me that if we deal with the Gluten & Starch it is sufficient for ordinary purposes. Does this coincide with your observations? Have you any nice method of mounting your specimens of Wheat? That a happy year be allotted your self & family circle, is the wish of, my dear Prof. r Yours faithfully | Benjamin Maund\")\n",
+ "for ent in doc2.ents:\n",
+ " print(ent.text, ent.label)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "What is the output?\n",
+ "\n",
+ "> **EXERCISE**: Try some other letters or sentences. Has the updated model predicted the new \"TAXONOMY\" named entities correctly? Are there any problems? How can you explain what has happened? How could we improve the results?"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Model Training using the Command-Line\n",
+ "Finally, the recommended way to train a spaCy model for real projects is with the command-line interface (CLI) `spacy train`, which you can read about in the documentation [Training via the command-line interface](https://spacy.io/usage/training#spacy-train-cli).\n",
+ "\n",
+ "In brief, the CLI has lots of ways of helping you optimise model performance. For example, it will run an evaluation on your evaluation set after each training loop, so it stops automatically before model performance starts to worsen.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "You will need the training data in a **[spaCy train JSON format](https://spacy.io/api/annotation#json-input)** rather than the list of tuples needed for scripts.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Doccano provides a utility for transforming its export format into spaCy train JSON format:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "from doccano_transformer.datasets import NERDataset\n",
+ "from doccano_transformer.utils import read_jsonl\n",
+ "\n",
+ "filepath = Path('data', 'doccano_ner_test.jsonl').absolute()\n",
+ "\n",
+ "dataset = read_jsonl(filepath=filepath, dataset=NERDataset, encoding='utf-8')\n",
+ "spacy_train_data = [item for item in dataset.to_spacy(tokenizer=str.split)]\n",
+ "spacy_train_data[0]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Summary\n",
+ "\n",
+ "In this notebook:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "- All machine learning projects require a lot of time to be spent on **cleaning** input data and **correcting** outputs.\n",
+ "- It is possible to combine **rule-based approaches** with machine learning approaches in the same project. A variety of rule-based pipeline components are available with spaCy.\n",
+ "- To clean up **sentence boundaries** we used the rule-based `Sentencizer`. \n",
+ "- When **processing large datasets** the most efficient method is to use **`nlp.pipe()`**. This streams texts one-by-one, or in small batches, to avoid loading everything into computer memory. It also gives the option to process in parallel on multiple computer cores.\n",
+ "- Creating good **training examples** is one of the most difficult aspects of machine learning.\n",
+ "- We tried to create training examples for:\n",
+ " * Correcting wrong named entities, with `Matcher`;\n",
+ " * Large lists of terminology, with `PhraseMatcher`;\n",
+ " * Adding a new named entity, with manual annotation.\n",
+ "- It is possible to add new named entities based on patterns with the rule-based matcher `EntityRuler` and combine this with training the model.\n",
+ "- We re-trained the model by **shuffling** and **looping** over the examples, **updating** the model by calling **`nlp.update()`**, and then **saving** the updated model to disk. During training, we monitored the error of the model prediction, known as the **loss**.\n",
+ "- Upon testing the updated model we found that it had suffered **catastrophic forgetting**.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "In the [next notebook](5-linking-named-entities.ipynb) we will look at how to **link** entities to authorities, so that entities can be reconciled to established people etc.; and to knowledgebases so that entities can be linked to known facts."
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Python 3",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "python3"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 3
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+ "version": "3.7.9"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 1
+}
diff --git a/5-linking-named-entities.ipynb b/5-linking-named-entities.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..227e9f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/5-linking-named-entities.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,860 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Linking Named Entities\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "\n",
+ "## Named Entities and Linked Data\n",
+ "The named entities we have recognised in the Henslow data would be much more useful if they could be linked to other data known about those entities. This principle is called **linked data**. Linked data can enrich the discovery of collections and allow sophisticated searches for the knowledge within those collections.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "If the data is freely available and openly licensed it is known as **linked open data (LOD)**. The diagram below shows the extent of LOD in 2010. Since then then the **linked open data cloud** has grown immensely and you can explore it for yourself at [www.lod-cloud.net](https://www.lod-cloud.net/).\n",
+ "\n",
+ "![\"Linked](\"https://lod-cloud.net/versions/2010-09-22/lod-cloud_colored.png\" "\\"Linked")
\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Linked data is a very big topic, so this notebook will only touch on a few introductory aspects that relate to the NER we have done in this course. In particular, we will focus on the automated ways of linking data that can be enabled by writing code, though the underlying principles can be understood without it."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "\n",
+ "## Disambiguate with an Authority File\n",
+ "One of the challenges with named entities is that there may be many different forms, spellings or abbreviations that refer to the same person, place, country, and so on. \n",
+ "\n",
+ "An **authority file** is a way of normalising and unifying this information for each entity into a single, authoritative **authority record** and giving it a **unique identifier**. Typically, all the known forms of a particular entity will be recorded in its authority record so that every form can be resolved to the same, correct entity.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "You may already be familiar with [VIAF: The Virtual International Authority File](https://viaf.org/), which is an authority service that unifies multiple authority files for people, geographic places, works of art, and more.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "By simply [searching for a name in the search box](https://viaf.org/viaf/27063124/#Darwin,_Charles,_1809-1882.), it returns a VIAF ID, preferred and related names, and associated works. \n",
+ "\n",
+ ""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "\n",
+ "## Lookup Entities Programmatically with Web APIs\n",
+ "The power of centralised authorities such as VIAF is when their data is exposed via an **API** (Application Programming Interface). A web API is accessed via a particular web address and allows computer programs to request information and receive it in a structured format suitable for further processing. Typically, this data will be provided in either JSON or XML.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "VIAF has several different APIs, which we as humans can explore using the [OCLC API Explorer](https://platform.worldcat.org/api-explorer/apis/VIAF).\n",
+ "\n",
+ "> **EXERCISE**: Click on the link above and then on the link \"Auto Suggest\". Modifiy the example query to search for \"john stevens henslow\" or any a personal name from the Henslow letters that you can recall.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "You should get something like this: \n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "It has returned a list of results, in JSON format, with VIAF's suggestions for the best match, which you can see in the right-hand \"Response\" pane."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "We can consume this data programmatically using Python tools with which we are already familiar from earlier notebooks."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "import requests\n",
+ "import json\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Make the query to the API\n",
+ "query = \"john stevens henslow\"\n",
+ "response = requests.get('http://www.viaf.org/viaf/AutoSuggest?query=' + query)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Parse the JSON into a Python dictionary\n",
+ "data = json.loads(response.text)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Get just the first entry in the results\n",
+ "data['result'][0]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "If you compare this with the output of the API explorer above, you should see this is the same structure and information.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The VIAF ID is found in the `'vaifid'` field:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "data['result'][0]['viafid']"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "With this information we could now enrich the original XML with the VIAF ID for this named entity.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "> **EXERCISE**: What are the problems you could anticipate with this sort of automated linking?"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Lookup Named Entities in Bulk using Web APIs\n",
+ "The scientific community has been busy normalising, disambiguating, and aggregating similar types of data for decades, in a movement parallel but largely separate to developments in library science and humanities. \n",
+ "\n",
+ "[The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)](https://www.gbif.org/what-is-gbif) is an international open data aggregator for hundreds of millions of species records. \n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "In the [last notebook](4-updating-the-model-on-henslow-data.ipynb#Add-a-New-Entity-Type) we tried to add a new named entity type `TAXONOMY` for the model to learn. We defined this as a type of entity for any Linnaean taxonomic name (domain, kingdom, phylum, division, class, order, family, genus or species). Binomials (genus plus species together) were labelled as one span. \n",
+ "\n",
+ "Imagine if we wished to link these named taxonomic entities to the corresponding genus or species in the GBIF. How could we do this *en masse*?\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Like VIAF, [GBIF also has a set of web APIs](https://www.gbif.org/developer/summary) and we can use the [Species API](https://www.gbif.org/developer/species) to search for species names.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "> **EXERCISE**: Reading API documentation is a common activity for coders. Before you look at the code example below, open the [Species API](https://www.gbif.org/developer/species) documentation, scroll down to the 'Searching Names' section and see if you can work out which of the four resource URLs would be most useful for our case.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "![\"Lungwort:](\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lungwort.jpg\")
\n",
+ "Flowers of Pulmonaria officinalis
\n", + "\n", + "Let's start by trying one taxonomic (genus) name \"Pulmonaria\" to see what sort of result we can expect:" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "query = \"Pulmonaria\"\n", + "response = requests.get('https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/suggest?q=' + query)\n", + "\n", + "data = json.loads(response.text)\n", + "data[0]" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "So far, so very similar to the VIAF API." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Reconciling Historical Taxa\n", + "In reality, we need to be aware that some of the older names given to organisms in the Henslow letters are not easily reconciled with modern named taxa. (In the Darwin Correspondence Project (DCP), Shelley Innes, editor and research associate, is an expert in historical taxonomy and her work is available in the footnotes of the published DCP letters.)\n", + "\n", + "Also, the Henslow letters often use ligature ash ('æ') rather than 'ae', which is used in family names in GBIF. The GBIF `suggest` API does not recognise 'æ' and 'ae' as equivalent so either our queries will need to be normalised, or we can try a different API.\n", + "\n", + "![\"Gall](\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gall_Wasp_-_Cynipidae_family,_Leesylvania_State_Park,_Woodbridge,_Virginia.jpg\")
\n",
+ "Gall Wasp - Cynipidae family
\n", + "\n", + "If there is no matchable name in GBIF we get an empty result:" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "query = \"Cynipidæ\"\n", + "response = requests.get('https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/suggest?q=' + query)\n", + "\n", + "data = json.loads(response.text)\n", + "data" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "But if we try the `search` API instead there is no problem:" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "query = \"Cynipidæ\"\n", + "response = requests.get('https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/search?q=' + query)\n", + "\n", + "data = json.loads(response.text)\n", + "data['results'][0]" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Let's now take the list of taxonomic names from the previous notebook, cleaned up and normalised, and try to make an query with the whole list:" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "taxonomy = [\n", + " 'Adippe',\n", + " 'Alisma repens',\n", + " 'Alopecurus bulbosus',\n", + " 'Althaea hirsuta',\n", + " 'Anthemis Cotula',\n", + " 'Anthericum serotinum',\n", + " 'Anthyllis vulneraria',\n", + " 'Apargia hirta',\n", + " 'Arabis thaliana',\n", + " 'Araucaria imbricata',\n", + " 'Artemisia gallica',\n", + " 'Asclepiadeae',\n", + " 'Aspidia',\n", + " 'Asterophyllites',\n", + " 'Atriplex laciniata',\n", + " 'Bechera grandis',\n", + " 'Blysmus compressus',\n", + " 'Bos',\n", + " 'Bos primigenius',\n", + " 'Campanula rapunculus',\n", + " 'Campanula rotundifolia',\n", + " 'Carex',\n", + " 'Carex laevigata',\n", + " 'Centaurea solstitialis',\n", + " 'Cerastium humile',\n", + " 'Chara gracilis',\n", + " 'Cheiranthus sinuatus',\n", + " 'Chiasognathus Grantii',\n", + " 'Chironia littoralis',\n", + " 'Chrysosplenium alternifolium',\n", + " 'Cirisia',\n", + " 'Cochlearia danica',\n", + " 'Commelina coelestis',\n", + " 'Corbula costata',\n", + " 'Coryphodon',\n", + " 'Cracidae',\n", + " 'Crocus sativus',\n", + " 'Cryllas',\n", + " 'Cucubalus baccifer',\n", + " 'Cuscuta Epilinum',\n", + " 'Cycas',\n", + " 'Cycas circinalis',\n", + " 'Cyperus',\n", + " 'Cytheraea obliqua',\n", + " 'Daucus maritimum',\n", + " 'Dianthus caryophyllus',\n", + " 'Digitalis',\n", + " 'Diptera',\n", + " 'Epilobium hirsutm',\n", + " 'Eriocaulon',\n", + " 'Eriophorum',\n", + " 'Eriophorum polystachion',\n", + " 'Eriophorum pubescens',\n", + " 'Euphorbia portlandica',\n", + " 'Favularia nodosa',\n", + " 'G.campestris',\n", + " 'Gallinula Baillonii',\n", + " 'Glaucium violaceum',\n", + " 'Globulus',\n", + " 'Hedysarum',\n", + " 'Hedysarum scandens',\n", + " 'Hemiptera',\n", + " 'Holoptychus',\n", + " 'Hortus Siccus',\n", + " 'Hymenophyllum tunbridgense',\n", + " 'Iberis amara',\n", + " 'Inula',\n", + " 'Inula helenium ',\n", + " 'Jungermanniae',\n", + " 'Knautia',\n", + " 'Lathyrus hirsutus',\n", + " 'Lepidoptera',\n", + " 'Linosyris',\n", + " 'Linum angustifol',\n", + " 'Lobelia urens',\n", + " 'Lonicera caprifolium',\n", + " 'Lysimachia',\n", + " 'Malaxis Loeslii',\n", + " 'Medicago denticulata',\n", + " 'Melampyrum arvense',\n", + " 'Melissa',\n", + " 'Mentha gentilis',\n", + " 'Menyanthes Nymphaeoides',\n", + " 'Mespilus cotoneaster',\n", + " 'Milium lendigerum',\n", + " 'Narcissus poeticus',\n", + " 'Nemeolius Lucina',\n", + " 'Neuropteris cordata',\n", + " 'Oenanthe crocata',\n", + " 'Ophrys arachnites',\n", + " 'Orchideae',\n", + " 'Orobanche caryophylacea',\n", + " 'Panicum viride',\n", + " 'Peperomia',\n", + " 'Phleum paniculatum',\n", + " 'Pisidium',\n", + " 'Polyporites Bowmanni',\n", + " 'Potamides plicatus',\n", + " 'Potamogeton fluitans',\n", + " 'Potamogeton gramineum',\n", + " 'Pothos',\n", + " 'Primula',\n", + " 'Primula scotica',\n", + " 'Primula vulgaris',\n", + " 'Psammobia rudis',\n", + " 'Pulicaria',\n", + " 'Pyrola',\n", + " 'Pyrola minor',\n", + " 'Pyrus pinnatifida',\n", + " 'Pyrus torminalis',\n", + " 'Quercus sessiliflora',\n", + " 'Ribes alpinum',\n", + " 'Rubus idaeus',\n", + " 'Ruppia',\n", + " 'Ruppia maritima',\n", + " 'Salicornia radicans',\n", + " 'Salvia pratensis',\n", + " 'Santolina maritima',\n", + " 'Scirpus caricinus',\n", + " 'Scirpus pauciflorus',\n", + " 'Sisymbrium monense',\n", + " 'Sonchus palustris',\n", + " 'Statice cordata',\n", + " 'Tetrandria',\n", + " 'Thalassophytes',\n", + " 'Tormentilla reptans',\n", + " 'Trifolium',\n", + " 'Trifolium subterraneum',\n", + " 'Turritis hirsuta',\n", + " 'Typha',\n", + " 'Ulmus suberosa',\n", + " 'Vaccinium myrtillus',\n", + " 'Velleius',\n", + " 'Vinca major',\n", + " 'Viola palustris',\n", + " 'Volucella',\n", + " 'Wellingtonia',\n", + " 'Zostera marina',\n", + "]" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "%%time\n", + "\n", + "result = {}\n", + "for query in taxonomy:\n", + " print(f'Fetching: https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/suggest?q={query}')\n", + " response = requests.get('https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/suggest?q=' + query)\n", + " data = json.loads(response.text)\n", + " if data:\n", + " print(f\"Result: {data[0]}\")\n", + " result[query] = data[0]" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "len(result)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Why do you think it took so long? How can you tell if no match was found?\n", + "\n", + "We now have all sorts of exciting information about these species names. Try some of the entity names to see if the search got the correct match." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "entity = 'Lobelia urens'\n", + "gbif = result[entity]\n", + "rank = gbif['rank']\n", + "status = gbif['status']\n", + "gbif_id = gbif['key']\n", + "\n", + "print(f'Entity: {entity}, rank: {rank}, status: {status}, gbif_id: {gbif_id}.')" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "---\n", + "---\n", + "## Named Entities and Knowledge Bases\n", + "A **knowlege base** is a system that stores facts and in some way links them with one another into a store of information that can be queried for new knowledge. A knowledge base may store semantic information with **triples** to create a **knowledge graph** where entities (nodes) are linked to other entities (nodes) by relationships (edges).\n", + "\n", + "Formally, a triple is made up of subject, predicate and object. For example:\n", + "\n", + "> \"Odysseus\" (subject) -> \"is married to\" (predicate) -> \"Penelope\" (object)\n", + "\n", + "Many triples together form a graph:\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "Each entity is represented by a URI, which is unique and identifies it unambigiously.\n", + "\n", + "Perhaps the most well-known knowledge base is [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org), which is collaborative (relies on data donations and user editing) and open (all the data is openly licensed for re-use).\n", + "\n", + "You can get an idea of the vast store of data and query possibilities by using the [Wikidata Query Service](https://query.wikidata.org/).\n", + "\n", + "> **EXERCISE**: Try some of the 'Examples' queries from the [Wikidata Query Service](https://query.wikidata.org/). Notice that some queries come with visualisations. Why do you think it takes so long for some of the queries to complete?\n", + "\n", + "### Find Named Entities in a Knowledge Base\n", + "To interact with Wikidata's knowledge base programmatically, we must use a W3C-standard query language called **SPARQL** (SPARQL Protocol And RDF Query Language).\n", + "\n", + "You can see the SPARQL queries in the Wikidata Query Service examples. They look like this:\n", + "\n", + "```\n", + "#Map of hospitals\n", + "#added 2017-08\n", + "#defaultView:Map\n", + "SELECT * WHERE {\n", + " ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q16917;\n", + " wdt:P625 ?geo .\n", + "}\n", + "```\n", + "\n", + "Unfortunately, SPARQL has a demanding learning curve, but fortunately there are a number of [tools for programmers](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Tools/For_programmers) that can make our lives easier. \n", + "\n", + "We are going to use a Python package called **[wptools](https://github.com/siznax/wptools/)** to make querying Wikidata as easy as writing simple Python. wptools actually uses the [MediaWiki API](https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/API:FAQ), which is cheating, or a good idea to avoid SPARQL, or both. 😆\n", + "\n", + "First, let's try a simple string query:" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "import wptools\n", + "\n", + "# Construct a query for the string \"Lobelia urens\"\n", + "page = wptools.page(\"Lobelia urens\")" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "# Get the Wikidata and show it\n", + "page.get_wikidata()\n", + "page.data['wikibase']" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "The ID that is printed out `'Q3257667'` is the unique Wikidata ID, and the `wikidata_url` goes directly to the plant's unique URI. \n", + "\n", + "> **EXERCISE**: Try the Wikidata URL now and examine all the information that Wikidata knows about Lobelia urens. Notice in particular that it has a link to the GBIF ID '5408353'.\n", + "\n", + "We can even get the plant's picture programmatically!" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "# Import some modules to help display images in Jupyter notebook code cells\n", + "from IPython.display import Image\n", + "\n", + "# Get the picture URL from the Wikidata info\n", + "lobelia_pic_url = page.images()[0]['url']\n", + "\n", + "# Display the image\n", + "Image(url=lobelia_pic_url, embed=True, width=400)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "> **EXERCISE**: Try searching Wikidata for some of the other taxonomic names and fetching their pictures. What happens if the search is unsuccessful?\n", + "\n", + "Since Wikidata already has a link to the GBIF ID that we have from before, can we query Wikidata directly with the GBIF ID and get the knowledge base information that way? \n", + "\n", + "The answer is yes! But we will have to make a small dive into the world of SPARQL...\n", + "\n", + "### Make Simple SPARQL Queries\n", + "Rather than use the Wikidata Query Service like a human, we're going to interact with the SPARQL **endpoint** programmatically. An endpoint is the URL where you send a query for a particular web service. For the curious, here is a big list of known [SPARQL endpoints](https://www.w3.org/wiki/SparqlEndpoints).\n", + "\n", + "Wikidata is the top entry on that list! But the endpoint listed is a bit out of date. We are going to use the [main Wikidata SPARQL endpoint](https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikidata_Query_Service/User_Manual#SPARQL_endpoint) at: https://query.wikidata.org/sparql\n", + "\n", + "We're going to use a different Python library called **[SPARQLWrapper](https://github.com/RDFLib/sparqlwrapper)** to make the query." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "from SPARQLWrapper import SPARQLWrapper, XML, JSON\n", + "\n", + "# Set the endpoint URL\n", + "# We are a bot/script! So we also need to send a descriptive user-agent otherwise we get blocked!\n", + "sparql = SPARQLWrapper(\"https://query.wikidata.org/sparql\", \n", + " agent=\"Cambridge Digital Humanities Data School lab@cdh.cam.ac.uk\")\n", + "\n", + "# SPARQL query\n", + "sparql.setQuery(\"\"\"\n", + "SELECT * WHERE {\n", + " ?item wdt:P846 \"5408353\"\n", + "}\n", + "\"\"\")\n", + "\n", + "# The endpoint returns results in XML but we want to convert to JSON because it's easier to work with\n", + "sparql.setReturnFormat(JSON)\n", + "result = sparql.query().convert()\n", + "result" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "If you now cut and paste the URL that has been returned you should find yourself looking once again at the Lobelia entity. So far so good.\n", + "\n", + "Let's take a moment to understand a bit more about the SPARQL query we just made:\n", + "\n", + "* `SELECT *` means \"select all\" i.e. we want all the information available\n", + "* `WHERE {}` is a clause to filter the results by whatever is between the curly braces `{}`\n", + "* `?item wdt:P846 \"5408353\"` is a triple:\n", + " * `?item` means \"any items (subjects) that match\"\n", + " * `wdt:P846` is a property (predicate) and in this case the property [`P846`](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P846) is GBIF ID\n", + " * `\"5408353\"` is the specific ID (object) we are looking for. We got this from querying the GBIF endpoint above.\n", + " \n", + "So, overall, the query says \"select all information about any entity that has a GBIF ID property of 5408353\".\n", + "\n", + "> You can read more about [Wikidata Identifiers](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Identifiers) like \"P846\" and [Wikidata prefixes](https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikidata_Query_Service/User_Manual#Basics_-_Understanding_Prefixes) like \"wdt:\"." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Now let's try something a bit more sophisticated, by asking for some additional information available in Wikidata:" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "sparql.setQuery(\"\"\"\n", + "SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?itemDescription ?pic ?taxon ?rank WHERE {\n", + "\n", + " ?item wdt:P846 \"5408353\" ;\n", + "\n", + " OPTIONAL{?item wdt:P18 ?pic .}\n", + " OPTIONAL{?item wdt:P225 ?taxon .}\n", + " OPTIONAL{?item wdt:P105 ?rank .}\n", + " \n", + " SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language \"[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en\" }\n", + "}\n", + "\"\"\")\n", + "\n", + "result = sparql.query().convert()\n", + "result" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "> If SPARQL takes your interest, and you'd like to learn more about linked open data, I can recommend the *Programming Historian*'s [Introduction to the Principles of Linked Open Data](https://programminghistorian.org/en/lessons/intro-to-linked-data#querying-rdf-with-sparql) and [Using SPARQL to access Linked Open Data](https://programminghistorian.org/en/lessons/retired/graph-databases-and-SPARQL).\n", + "\n", + "Finally, let's use wptools again to get all the data we might ever want about this plant." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "# Quickly parse out the Wikidata unique ID\n", + "url = result['results']['bindings'][0]['item']['value']\n", + "id = url.rpartition('/')[-1]\n", + "id" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "page2 = wptools.page(wikibase=id)\n", + "page2.get_wikidata()\n", + "page2.data['wikibase']" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "The difference this time is that we looked up the Wikidata ID first, using the unique GBIF ID, so we know we will get the info from the correct entity." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "---\n", + "---\n", + "## Enrich the Original Data\n", + "Let's take a moment to consider the journey we have travelled.\n", + "\n", + "![\"Catbells](\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Catbells_Northern_Ascent,_Lake_District_-_June_2009.jpg\")
\n",
+ "\n",
+ "* We started with blocks of *unstructured text* parsed from TEI XML documents.\n",
+ "* We ran the text through a *machine learning model* that predicted named entities within the text.\n",
+ "* We took a list of named entities and found *linked data* in various external sources of truth.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "We could do many things with extra information like this:\n",
+ "* Add it the catalogue records for the collection.\n",
+ "* Store it in a database to improve search and discovery.\n",
+ "* Display it on a website along with the original documents to give extra context.\n",
+ "* Create new markup with the linked data.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "I'm sure you can think of more ideas!"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Add New XML Markup for Named Entities\n",
+ "To finish our exploration in code of this topic, I will show you a proof-of-concept for how we could add new TEI markup to an original Henslow Correspondence Project letter. I have had to make some simplifications in the example for the sake of brevity.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "![\"Lobelia](\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lobelia_urens_(spike).jpg\")
\n",
+ "Heath lobelia close to Brigueuil, Charente, France
\n", + "\n", + "First, we will go back to the beginning of our journey and get the original letter where the binomial \"Lobelia urens\" appears. We can search the XML for the named entity and wrap it in a new XML tag to mark its position." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "from bs4 import BeautifulSoup\n", + "\n", + "taxon = \"Lobelia urens\"\n", + "\n", + "# Get transcription from original TEI\n", + "with open(\"data/henslow/letters_14.xml\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n", + " xml = file.read()\n", + " \n", + " # Find the species name and wrap it in a new XML tag\n", + " new_xml = xml.replace(\"Lobelia urens\", \"![\"EDSAC](\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/EDSAC_2_1960.jpg\" "\\"EDSAC")
\n",
+ "The queue for computing time on the Cambridge EDSAC, 1960. To use High Performance Computing today, nothing has really changed, except the queue itself is now managed by software!
\n", + "\n", + "2. Use someone else's pre-built entity linker if they have built something suitable for your use case.\n", + "\n", + "You can check [spaCy Universe](https://spacy.io/universe) for resources developed with or for spaCy. One example of an entity linker:\n", + "\n", + "* [Mordecai](https://github.com/openeventdata/mordecai) uses spaCy to extract place names, predict which [GeoNames](https://www.geonames.org/) entity is the best match, and return the linked geographic information.\n", + "\n", + "![](\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openeventdata/mordecai/master/paper/mordecai_geoparsing.png\")
"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "---\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "## Summary\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Covered in this notebook:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "* **Linked data** can enrich the discovery of collections and allow sophisticated searches for the knowledge within those collections.\n",
+ "* **Linked open data** is linked data that is openly licensed for re-use.\n",
+ "* We can disambiguate a named entity by linking it to an **authority file** or other source of truth with a **unique identifier**.\n",
+ "* Authorities and open data aggregators can be accessed via **web APIs**, which allow rapid and automated query and retrieval of information.\n",
+ "* **Wikidata** is an openly licensed **knowledge base** containing a **knowledge graph** of **triples**. It has several web APIs that you can query with the language **SPARQL**.\n",
+ "* After linking named entities to external identifiers it's possible to **enrich** the original data and, in return, donate data to knowledge bases like Wikidata.\n",
+ "* **Machine learning** can also be used when linking named entities automatically, to improve the likelihood of linking to the correct entity.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Congratulations! 🎉 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "That's the end of this series of notebooks about named entity recognition. I hope you enjoyed your time working through them."
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Python 3",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "python3"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 3
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+ "version": "3.7.9"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 1
+}
diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
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index 0000000..850c526
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2020 Mary Chester-Kadwell
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
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+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+# Introduction to Named Entity Recognition with Python
+
+## Introduction
+
+This repository contains Jupyter notebooks used for teaching *'Text-mining with Python: Named Entity Recognition (NER)'*,
+a course in the [Cambridge Digital Humanities](https://www.cdh.cam.ac.uk/) (CDH) Cultural Heritage Data School 2020.
+This event was the first CDH Data School to be delivered completely online following the coronavirus pandemic.
+
+The notebooks are designed to be worked on as self-paced materials in a 'flipped classroom' approach. They
+are also written as stand-alone notebooks for anyone to follow and use as they wish.
+
+The aim is to teach basic NER techniques to a wide audience, and the material suitable both for those people who:
+* Have some background in Python **or**
+* Just want to learn about the concepts without programming.
+
+### Contents
+
+Using the example of some nineteenth-century letters of science, these notebooks introduce how to:
+
+* **Automatically recognise** and **visualise** named entities using machine learning;
+* **Train** machine learning models for improving results;
+* **Link** named entities to existing knowledge bases or authorities.
+
+### Recommended Pathways
+
+ For non-coders, I recommend you start with the notebook
+ [2-named-entity-recognition-of-henslow-data](2-named-entity-recognition-of-henslow-data.ipynb) and skip over the
+ notebook [4-updating-the-model-on-henslow-data](4-updating-the-model-on-henslow-data.ipynb).
+
+ If you’re a Python beginner, I recommend that you work through the first notebook
+ [0-introduction-to-python-and-text.ipynb](0-introduction-to-python-and-text.ipynb). It contains a brief refresher
+ of the basic Python you need to understand the NER examples, but I don’t expect it will be enough to teach you Python
+ from scratch.
+
+ For everyone else, I recommend you start with notebook
+ [1-basic-text-mining-concepts.ipynb](1-basic-text-mining-concepts.ipynb) and work through the rest in order.
+ [4-updating-the-model-on-henslow-data.ipynb](4-updating-the-model-on-henslow-data.ipynb) is the most advanced Python in the course and is intended as a deep dive for those with a further interest in
+ working with spaCy. If you don’t understand everything here yet, feel free to run through it quickly or skip it.
+
+### Data and Licensing
+
+Originally, these notebooks were delivered using data from the
+[Darwin Correspondence Project](https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/), which we had permission to use within the
+context of the Data School. Unfortunately, the [CC-BY-NC-ND](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) license
+under which the letters are licensed from Cambridge University Press allows for distribution of the letters, but not
+the creation of derivatives, which meant that the notebooks could not be published. I have re-written the notebooks
+using data from the [Henslow Correspondence Project](https://epsilon.ac.uk/search?sort=date;f1-collection=John%20Henslow;f2-correspondent=Henslow,%20J.%20S.)
+(HCP) instead, which is licensed more permissively with [CC-BY-NC](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
+
+### Content Warning
+
+The HCP letters were written during the period of British imperialism, therefore some of the correspondence contains
+content we now find offensive, for example, `letters_138.xml` contains a racist description. These notebooks do not
+contain or discuss any of this material, but please be aware you may come across it if you browse through the letters
+independently.
+
+## Code Details
+
+The notebooks should run on any of the following versions of Python:
+
+[](https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-368/)
+[](https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-378/)
+[](https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-386/)
+
+They are designed to be run as a teaching aid, not as a serious text analysis tool.
+
+## Quick Start: Launch Notebooks Online
+
+[](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/mchesterkadwell/named-entity-recognition/main)
+
+The easiest way to run the Jupyter notebooks in this repository is to click on the "launch binder" button above. This
+will open in the same tab. To open in a **new tab**, right-click the button and choose 'Open in a new tab' or similar,
+depending on your browser. Binder will launch a virtual environment in your browser where you can open and run the
+notebooks without installing anything.
+
+Please note:
+
+* Some cells in the notebooks may use more memory than Binder allows, causing the notebook's kernel to crash. After it
+has restarted, try modifying the code to process fewer documents.
+* Binder may shut down after about 10 minutes of inactivity e.g. if you don't keep the window open. You can simply
+open a new Binder to start again.
+* Binder will not save any changes you make to the notebooks. To save changes you need to download the notebooks and
+run them on your own computer.
+
+## Local Installation
+
+Please note these instructions are suitable if you already have Python installed in some way. If you have never
+installed Python yourself on your computer before, I recommend this guide:
+[Python 3 Installation & Setup Guide](https://realpython.com/installing-python/).
+
+Click the green "Code" button to the top-right of this page.
+
+
+
+If you have never used `git` version control before I recommend you simply download the notebooks with the
+"Download ZIP" option. In most operating systems this will automatically unzip it back into individual files. Move
+the folder to somewhere you want to keep it, such as "My Documents".
+
+If you have used `git` before, then you can clone the repo with this command:
+
+`git clone https://github.com/mchesterkadwell/named-entity-recognition.git`
+
+### Vanilla/Plain Python
+
+If you installed Python from [python.org](https://www.python.org/downloads/) (or from the Windows Store) follow these
+instructions.
+
+If you are using PyCharm or another IDE with which you are already familiar, of course, do what you
+normally do instead to create a virtual environment and install dependencies.
+
+#### _Mac & Linux_: Setting up the Notebook Server for the First Time
+
+Open a Terminal and change directory into the notebooks folder by typing something like this:
+
+`cd path/to/notebooks`
+
+where `path/to/notebooks` is the filepath to wherever you’ve put the notebooks folder.
+
+Then create a new virtual environment:
+
+`python3 -m venv env`
+
+Activate the virtual environment:
+
+`source env/bin/activate`
+
+Then install all the dependencies:
+
+`pip install -r requirements.txt`
+
+This should initiate a big list of downloads and will take a while to finish. Please be patient.
+
+Finally, to start the notebook server type:
+
+`jupyter notebook`
+
+When you are finished with the notebook, press **ctrl+c** to stop the notebook server. Then type:
+
+`deactivate`
+
+You can close the Terminal window.
+
+#### _Mac & Linux_: Starting the Notebook Server Again
+
+Open a terminal and type something like this (pressing return between each line):
+
+```
+cd path/to/notebooks
+source env/bin/activate
+jupyter notebook
+```
+
+When you are finished with the notebook, press **ctrl+c** to stop the notebook server. Then type:
+
+`deactivate`
+
+You can close the Terminal window.
+
+#### _Windows_: Setting up the Notebook Server for the First Time
+
+Open a Command Prompt and change directory into the notebooks folder by typing something like this:
+
+`cd path\to\notebooks`
+
+where `path\to\notebooks` is the filepath to wherever you’ve put the notebooks folder.
+
+Then create a new virtual environment:
+
+`python -m venv env`
+
+Activate the virtual environment:
+
+`env\Scripts\activate.bat`
+
+Then install all the dependencies:
+
+`pip install -r requirements.txt`
+
+This should initiate a big list of downloads and will take a while to finish. Please be patient.
+
+Finally, to start the notebook server type:
+
+`jupyter notebook`
+
+When you are finished with the notebook, press **ctrl+c** to stop the notebook server. Then type:
+
+`deactivate`
+
+You can close the Command Prompt window.
+
+#### _Windows_: Starting the Notebook Server Again
+
+Open a Command Prompt and type something like this (pressing return between each line):
+
+```
+cd path\to\notebooks
+env\Scripts\activate.bat
+jupyter notebook
+```
+
+When you are finished with the notebook, press **ctrl+c** to stop the notebook server. Then type:
+
+`deactivate`
+
+You can close the Command Prompt window.
+
+### Anaconda
+
+If you installed Python with Anaconda from [Anaconda.com](https://www.anaconda.com/products/individual) follow these
+instructions.
+
+#### Setting up the Notebook Server for the First Time
+
+Open Anaconda Navigator. In **Anaconda Navigator > Environments** click on the ‘Create’ button in the bottom left of the
+Environments list.
+
+
+
+Type a name e.g. 'data-school-ner', make sure that 'Python' is _checked_
+and under the dropdown pick '3.7'. Make sure that 'R' is left _unchecked_.
+
+Then click the ‘Create’ button.
+
+
+
+It will take a few seconds to set up...
+
+Then in **Anaconda Navigator > Environments** make sure you have selected your new environment.
+
+On the right of the environment name is a small green play arrow. Click on it and pick ‘Open Terminal’ from the
+dropdown.
+
+In the Terminal that opens type the following, and press return:
+
+`conda install pip`
+
+
+
+If you do not already have pip installed, it will install it. Otherwise it will give a message:
+
+`# All requested packages already installed.`
+
+Then change directory to wherever you saved the notebooks folder by typing something like:
+
+`cd \path\to\notebooks`
+
+where `path\to\notebooks` is the filepath to wherever you’ve put the notebooks folder.
+
+If you are on **Mac or Linux**, make sure to use forward slashes in the filepath instead e.g. `path/to/notebooks`
+
+
+
+Then install all the dependencies by typing:
+
+`pip install -r requirements.txt`
+
+This should initiate a big list of downloads and will take a while to finish. Please be patient.
+
+Finally, to launch the Jupyter notebook server type:
+
+`jupyter notebook`
+
+It should automatically open a browser window with the notebook listing in it, a bit like this:
+
+
+
+If not, you can copy and paste one of the URLs in the Terminal window into your browser e.g.
+http://localhost:8888/?token=ddb27d2a1a6cb29a3483c24d6ff9f7263eb9676f02d71075
+(This example will not work on your machine, as the token is unique every time!)
+
+When you are finished with the notebook, press **ctrl+c** to stop the notebook server.
+
+You can close the Terminal window.
+
+#### Starting the Notebook Server Again
+
+Next time you want to start the notebook server:
+
+In **Anaconda Navigator > Environments** make sure you have selected your new environment e.g. 'data-school-ner'.
+
+On the right of the environment name is a small green play arrow. Click on it and pick ‘Open Terminal’ from the
+dropdown.
+
+To launch the Jupyter notebook server type:
+
+`jupyter notebook`
+
+When you are finished with the notebook, press **ctrl+c** to stop the notebook server. You can close the Terminal
+window.
\ No newline at end of file
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+{"id": 2771, "text": "Did not charity forbid it, I might begin to entertain evil surmises against our Postmaster – for I wrote to you in Oct r. Last, & as I post paid the letter I can only hope that no blame rests with him in not having forwarded it– Perhaps your many employments have prevented you from complying with my wishes, for I feel confident that you are too thoroughly imbued with a sense of the beneficial effects arising from our common pursuit not to forward, as much as you can, the views of those who are just entering upon it– If therefore you can possibly spare the time to prepare what I requested of you, you will have the satisfaction of knowing that it will not be mis-spent. How much we ought to thank God, during our pilgrimage on earth, for allowing us, as he does, to reap the solid enjoyments which the contemplation of his good creation affords us. Compare these pure delights with the trumpery pleasures of the carnal mind, & we shall be at no loss to comprehend the nature of “that light which lighteth every man that cometh into the world”. How silly & how sinful should we (who have tasted these benefits), become, if ever we were to suffer the gross pleasures of the world, or the diseased fancies of melancholy men to wrest them from us. To all such we have the ready answer which S t Paul teaches us to apply “no man ever yet hated his own flesh, but loveth it & cherisheth it as Christ the church” We then who have found if it good for our flesh to admire the Creator of all things thro’ his wonderous works, should not neglect our calling, our happy callings, of speaking of those works to others– I don’t say this under the idea that you are willfully neglecting my request, but to stir you up by way of remembrance that next to [hole in page] daily prayers, you have a more [hole in page] means of entering [hole in page] the rest, which all true believers enjoy, than by seeking diligently to transfer some portion of that happiness which you profess yourself with the hearts & minds of others. I shan’t pay this letter lest (as such Accidents will sometimes occur) it should be the means of stopping its progress – but I heartily hope no one is to blame for the miscarriage of the last – & you will therefore oblige me by letting me know immediately whether you ever received it– If you did not I will write to the General post office – but if you did, pray don’t let my long sermon interfere with you necessary duties, to hurry you in the preparation of the collections – By the Bye, if you did not receive my last – you won’t know that I requested to know how I ed pay you for my own & to request you w d prepare 3 more complete sets Y r. Truly | J. S. Henslow Mr Baxter | Botanic Garden | Oxford", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[80, 90, "PERSON"], [115, 129, "DATE"], [1293, 1301, "PRODUCT"], [1393, 1399, "ORG"], [1470, 1481, "PERSON"], [1760, 1765, "DATE"], [2334, 2353, "ORG"], [2499, 2502, "PERSON"], [2634, 2635, "CARDINAL"]]}
+{"id": 2772, "text": "I beg your pardon for giving such unintelligible & deficient information about the votes, but I will try to make myself more clear. I meant to write Maltby not Malkin. E. H. Maltby you will find as an M.A. I believe in the last calendar. He is of Pembroke, son of the Dr. M. He said he did not know whether his father had given a promise to Ld.P. from him or not, so that you may put him down if not there already. C. Evans is of Pembroke also & a fellow. He is a provincial barrister practising at Norwich where he resides. He said the candidates had not found out his residence as he has only been there a year, or not so long. Bankes called on him, but he was not at home. I hope this will be sufficient for your purpose. Pray has there been a box coat (which belongs to my father) sent to your house from the Bull Inn in Trumpington St. which I directed the landlord to deposit at your house. If he has not sent it, would you be so good as to let James call for it & if he gets it in time send it back by the carriage tomorrow. I am afraid I shall not have time to call in the morning in my way to London. I shall hope to send you some more votes in the course of a few days. Farewell - & believe me yrs - sin C. Jenyns 'I have asked Richard to get my coat & broke the seal' Maltby's address is New Square Lincolns Inn - I forget the number", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[160, 166, "PERSON"], [168, 180, "PERSON"], [201, 205, "PERSON"], [247, 255, "ORG"], [272, 277, "PERSON"], [341, 343, "PERSON"], [415, 423, "PERSON"], [430, 438, "ORG"], [499, 506, "PERSON"], [606, 612, "DATE"], [809, 821, "ORG"], [825, 840, "GPE"], [951, 956, "PERSON"], [1022, 1030, "DATE"], [1102, 1108, "GPE"], [1168, 1178, "DATE"], [1180, 1192, "ORG"], [1238, 1245, "PERSON"], [1279, 1285, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2773, "text": "My friend Rev G. F. De Teissier Rector of Brampton Northampton is desirous of doing in his parish some of the good you do, by encouraging good & innocent tasks & employment. He is a Botanist & a good man in other ways. Will you send him such of your pamphlets as you can spare to encourage his proceedings? I wish you would be persuaded to go on with British Fossil Plants. I have a curious [illeg illeg] fossil from the Wealden thus [sketch of plant] very fibrous in lines up & down in parallel to the capillary sutures. What is it? John Phillips", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[10, 38, "PERSON"], [42, 62, "PERSON"], [182, 190, "NORP"], [351, 358, "NORP"], [421, 428, "GPE"], [535, 548, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2774, "text": "It appears to be tolerably obvious that it will not do to give the candidates for honours in the Natural Sciences tripos three examinations of three hours each in one day, as you propose to do on Wednesday March 5. I cannot give any notice which implies such a days work for them. Since neither Tuesday not Thursday afternoon suits your convenience I must decline responsibility for giving notice of the day and hour on which the botanical examination is to take place. I remain |my dear Henslow | very truly yours | W. H. Miller", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[82, 89, "TIME"], [114, 126, "CARDINAL"], [143, 154, "TIME"], [163, 170, "DATE"], [196, 213, "DATE"], [261, 265, "DATE"], [295, 302, "DATE"], [307, 315, "DATE"], [316, 325, "TIME"], [400, 407, "DATE"], [479, 482, "ORG"], [488, 497, "PERSON"], [515, 529, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2775, "text": "Sir an active canvass for the Representation of the University of Cambridge in the next Parliament having already been commenced, I hope it will not be thought premature in me, if this early solicitation renewal of that confidence with which I have so long been honoured. In performing those Duties in Parliament which the choice of the university devolved upon me,it has been my ernest endeavour faithfully to guard the Interests of my constituents, and steadily and honestly to persue upon all occasions that course, which appeared to me best calculated to promote the welfare of the Empire and to maintain and strengthen our Constitution in church and state I trust that I am not too sanguine when I indulge a Hope that I may again the distinguished Honour of representing the University in Parliament; and I beg most ernestly to solicit the Favour of your vote and Interest. I have the honour to be Sir your very obedient Humble Servant Palmerston London December Sixteen 1825 The Revernd The Professor Henslow Cambridge", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[26, 75, "ORG"], [88, 98, "ORG"], [292, 298, "NORP"], [302, 312, "ORG"], [628, 640, "LAW"], [776, 804, "ORG"], [926, 958, "ORG"], [959, 967, "DATE"], [968, 980, "DATE"]]}
+{"id": 2776, "text": "For the last 3 or 4 years I have had a Curate, & have not found it necessary to return home for Sunday duty as I used to do when lecturing here – Your letter has therefore been a little round & I find it on my return at 9.0. clk from a botanical excursion (rather a rainy one) with 25 of my class who accompanied me to Gamlingay 15 miles from Camb. We have had an agreeable day spite of the rain – Your Club are quite mistaken in supposing the diagrams are intended exclusively for Lectures – They are expressly adapted for Students– tho’ serviceable also in the lecture room – I send you a notice I circulated in the Colleges, & I find they have been procured by some of them, expressly for the use of the students – I know the Master of St Peters has procured one set to be hung up for the students of that College, & another set for his own study, & he assures me he finds them of great service – The Tutor of Trinity (Mr Mathison) has done the same in procuring one set for access by students & another for his own use – & I know other cases. The matter printed on the sides of the diagrams would be of no use in a Lecture room, but is intended for private inspection & study. Whoever will master this, will find himself in possession of the more important terms & their application, & be able to proceed merrily afterwards. Believe me very truly yours J. S. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[4, 25, "DATE"], [39, 45, "ORG"], [124, 130, "DATE"], [304, 307, "CARDINAL"], [309, 312, "ORG"], [394, 396, "CARDINAL"], [441, 449, "QUANTITY"], [455, 459, "GPE"], [650, 658, "PERSON"], [1005, 1028, "WORK_OF_ART"], [1117, 1127, "ORG"], [1236, 1284, "WORK_OF_ART"], [1286, 1297, "PERSON"], [1889, 1902, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2777, "text": "By an advertisement in the Times I learn that the Council of the Royal Agricultural Society Cirencester intend after Xmas to establish a School for Boys under 17 as in-students of the College. A Clergyman is wanted as Principal. I am very anxious to be in a drier climate than this, a more scientific neighbourhood, & within reasonable distance of London & the Universities & this appointment would suit me in every way. At the same time an Experience of upwards of 15 years in Tuition & the management of Boys assures me that I could undertake it in the confident anticipation of success & the approval of the Council. I do not yet know who forms the Council, but I take the liberty of writing this early to yourself to solicit your kind interference in my behalf should you know who the members of it are & if you are personally acquainted with any of them. I received last week a letter from my uncle Professor Cumming & was very glad to learn that at his age he is so strong & well & able for his duties. I had a good report also of M. rs Cumming & the young ladies. Believe me, Dear Sir | Very faithfully yrs | J G Cumming", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[27, 32, "ORG"], [46, 103, "ORG"], [117, 121, "PERSON"], [135, 152, "ORG"], [195, 204, "PRODUCT"], [348, 375, "ORG"], [466, 474, "DATE"], [478, 491, "ORG"], [581, 594, "ORG"], [652, 659, "ORG"], [871, 880, "DATE"], [904, 923, "ORG"], [1037, 1052, "ORG"], [1114, 1127, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2778, "text": "It is very kind of you to offer me your aid – but I must decline it – I am rather over-societed already, & my pocket is not unfathomable as regards expense, or my time sufficiently charged with leisure to allow of my running up to town for a lecture at Soc. of Arts – I was at Dr Royle’s lecture on E.I. fibres hoping to learn, rather than presuming to teach on such a subject, & I saw a new machine for extracting fibre from the leaf of Plantains & other Monocotyledons – Altho’ I exhibited a large assortment of fibres &c for a Country town – my stock would have seemed comparatively insignificant besides by the side of Dr Royle’s – If I lived in or near London I should belong to all such societies but I have always resisted invitations to join the Athenaeum, & pay for an F. R. S. to my name – & content myself with Geological & Linnean, as far as the Metropoles is concerned; & with the Phil. Soc. in Cambridge – This allows me to concentrate a little more cash & energy to our local institutions – & especially to the Museum at Ipswich of which I am president & consequently bound to do all I can in supporting its interests. What with two journeys to visit paper mills, one in Surrey & the other in Herts & procuring & preparing specimens & diagrams of my last lecture cost me in money & time rather more than I like to think of – I can assure you it is from no desire to shun work that I decline your proposal – but I am already taxed as far as prudence allows in respect of health, if nothing else – I have to lecture at Bury on 10th March, & to examine at Cambridge during that month – so I have enough to think about at present We are sadly afflicted in the parish with a low typhus – & I have just returned from burying a stout hale man of 40 who died on Sunday, leaving a widow & 2 children dangerously ill – I hardly think that one, a lad of 14, will recover, but the other, a nice little girl of about 10, seems to have turned the corner after 3 or 4 weeks illness, & is smiling again – The widow was an old servant of ours, & lost 2 children last winter from Measles & Whooping Cough – Luckily her eldest daughter is in Cambridge with her Grandfather, or she also would now probably have taken the fever – It has been brought this year into the parish from Stowmarket, as it was (without any doubt) last year from Monk’s Eleigh – It is strange how completely it prostrates a family & lingers among them when it once gets hold of them Believe me very truly yours J. S. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[392, 397, "PERSON"], [411, 415, "ORG"], [606, 617, "ORG"], [624, 638, "WORK_OF_ART"], [641, 646, "WORK_OF_ART"], [878, 883, "PERSON"], [910, 916, "GPE"], [1034, 1043, "GPE"], [1194, 1204, "GPE"], [1258, 1262, "PERSON"], [1272, 1281, "GPE"], [1442, 1463, "ORG"], [1592, 1595, "CARDINAL"], [1662, 1670, "ORG"], [1684, 1741, "ORG"], [2148, 2152, "GPE"], [2156, 2166, "DATE"], [2212, 2221, "GPE"], [2229, 2239, "DATE"], [2454, 2456, "CARDINAL"], [2469, 2475, "DATE"], [2523, 2524, "CARDINAL"], [2614, 2616, "CARDINAL"], [2697, 2705, "CARDINAL"], [2745, 2757, "DATE"], [2889, 2890, "CARDINAL"], [2900, 2911, "DATE"], [2917, 2941, "ORG"], [3006, 3015, "GPE"], [3025, 3036, "PERSON"], [3140, 3149, "DATE"], [3199, 3209, "ORG"], [3241, 3250, "DATE"], [3460, 3473, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2779, "text": "Here we are again stopped for horses at the same place where we came to a still stand last night There seems to be a pretty considerable negligence on the part of the Landlord of the Bull Royston respecting a supply of cattle and I think it right to give you notice of it as it is not improbable votes maybe delayed tomorrow till too late unless you give this man a pretty sharp fillip. Yours truly J. F. W. Herschel PS. He says that his horses have been engaged by the Committee to work down the road but not up. Is this correct - it will surely cause much inconvenience unless equal facilities are given to ingress & egress.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[86, 96, "TIME"], [316, 324, "DATE"], [399, 419, "PERSON"], [470, 479, "ORG"]]}
+{"id": 2780, "text": "I have waited the opportunity of forwarding this to you in a parcel containing a few dried plants I have selected from my Herbarium for M r. Jenyns— I beg you to accept my best thanks for the rare plants you were so very kind to send me in the Autumn they are a valuable acquisition to my Hortus Siccus— I was only able to obtain 3 or 4 of the Berries of the Pyrus pinnatifida which I requested the favor of your Sister when I was at Windsor to forward to you, I hope you received them, and they may vegetate in the Cambridge Garden, next year I may be able to procure more— M r. D. Don has made some new discoveries of undescribed Junci, which he sent to M r Anderson at Chelsea Garden to cultivate— S r. Ja s. E. Smith received the Ophrys arachnitis from Plants last year, of which there will be an account in the Engl. Flora. The Orchis figured in Vol 27. of Engl. Bot. Tab: 1873. is now determined not to be the militaris, and it is proposed to call it Orchis Smithii, as a compliment to S r. J. E. Smith— I hope we shall see you at Dartford this Summer, to make some new Botanical discoveries— The Farmer on whose Land the Centaurea solstitialis grew, was so very civil as to leave it uncut, and I have endeavored to save the Seed. and I send you some of the Capsules, and hope you will be able to make some vegetate in the Cambridge Garden— I remain My dear Sir | Yours very truly W m. Peete", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[122, 147, "ORG"], [244, 250, "DATE"], [330, 331, "CARDINAL"], [335, 336, "CARDINAL"], [434, 441, "FAC"], [512, 532, "FAC"], [534, 543, "DATE"], [575, 586, "PERSON"], [632, 637, "ORG"], [660, 668, "PERSON"], [672, 686, "FAC"], [701, 720, "PERSON"], [734, 740, "ORG"], [764, 773, "DATE"], [822, 827, "PERSON"], [851, 857, "EVENT"], [862, 866, "ORG"], [873, 876, "PERSON"], [878, 882, "DATE"], [994, 1008, "PERSON"], [1037, 1045, "GPE"], [1046, 1057, "DATE"], [1264, 1272, "GPE"], [1325, 1345, "FAC"], [1368, 1375, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2781, "text": "I think Mr Jenyns' Observations on the Ornithology of Cambridgeshire well worthy of being printed. As you have requested me to make any remarks that may occur to me, I take the liberty of mentioning a few things which have struck me during the hasty perusal which I have been able to give to his observations. Under the head Insectivori the Cinercon[?] shrike is said to have been shot at Melbourne. This is a mistake – it was found recently killed probably by a hawk. Would it not be advisable to state that this bird feeds on birds and mice as well as insects. It swallows small birds and mice entire. The accentor alpinus was not shot in my garden but in the open space immediately under the last window of the Chapel. The Boarula[?] often appears in Octr: or earlier on our lawn and in the field on the other side the river. I have known 3 or four Martins stay about the South side of Clare Hall till the 18th of Novr. I have seen a single swift for many successive days about our chapel during the early part of Septr. I do not know if it be worth recording that a considerable number of a Covey of partridges bred in the neighbourhood of Clay high [?] were perfectly white. A Stone curlew in its first feathers was brought to me alive about two years ago which I was told was bred very near Cambridge. The Crane used to breed in England. Turner page 48. says apud Anglos etiam nidulantur grues in locis palustribus et eorum (vipiones) – young cranes – saepissime vidi. He does not mention the Cambridge fens, but probably alludes to them, As for what he says respecting the siskin he was acquainted with the country about Cambridge. I have known five or six whimbrels offered for sale at Cambridge. A solitary snipe also was brought to market some time since, but was too much mutilated by shot to be fit for stuffing. The Gallinula Baillonii was caught alive at Melbourne [?]. I have been informed by a person who frequents the market that the coot is often sold in the Cambridge market. Anser ferns [?]. A. Segetum [?] A. albifrons A. Bernicla [ ?] As far as my experience extends I cannot agree in the frequent appearance of most of these birds in the Cambridge market. More than ninety in a hundred which are sold there I believe to be Bean Geese. I have not yet been able to purchase the Anser ferus [?]. I have not known the albifrons to have been sold there above two or three times nor have I been able to procure from thence either a Brent Goose or a Barnacle both of which are not uncommon in the London markets at some season. Anas Strepera Gadwall [?) I find by a note in my Montagu that two of these birds were offered for sale in Cambridge market, Feb. 25 1824. Anas Iadorna [?] Sheldrake not uncommon. I procured only the male [?] on April 1st at Cambridge. I do not know where the female was killed. I have been told that it is not unusual for Cormorants to follow the course of rivers to [damage] great distance from the sea. The Shag never [damage] very rarely quits the Coast. Is not the Sea pie [?] found in Cambridgeshire? Believe me, Dear Sir | yrs very sincerely | G Thackeray", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[8, 18, "PERSON"], [19, 68, "WORK_OF_ART"], [389, 398, "GPE"], [714, 720, "ORG"], [726, 733, "PERSON"], [754, 758, "PERSON"], [842, 843, "CARDINAL"], [847, 851, "CARDINAL"], [875, 880, "LOC"], [889, 899, "FAC"], [909, 913, "ORDINAL"], [917, 921, "GPE"], [1017, 1022, "PERSON"], [1144, 1148, "ORG"], [1182, 1187, "ORG"], [1202, 1207, "ORDINAL"], [1241, 1260, "DATE"], [1297, 1306, "GPE"], [1312, 1317, "NORP"], [1335, 1342, "GPE"], [1344, 1350, "ORG"], [1356, 1358, "DATE"], [1383, 1399, "PERSON"], [1499, 1508, "ORG"], [1628, 1637, "GPE"], [1652, 1656, "CARDINAL"], [1660, 1663, "CARDINAL"], [1694, 1703, "GPE"], [1825, 1848, "PERSON"], [1869, 1878, "GPE"], [1977, 1986, "GPE"], [2012, 2022, "PERSON"], [2027, 2039, "PERSON"], [2040, 2051, "ORG"], [2161, 2170, "GPE"], [2179, 2208, "CARDINAL"], [2246, 2256, "PERSON"], [2299, 2304, "PERSON"], [2377, 2380, "CARDINAL"], [2384, 2389, "CARDINAL"], [2449, 2460, "PERSON"], [2466, 2474, "ORG"], [2513, 2519, "GPE"], [2531, 2542, "DATE"], [2544, 2565, "ORG"], [2606, 2609, "CARDINAL"], [2650, 2659, "GPE"], [2668, 2680, "DATE"], [2682, 2694, "PERSON"], [2755, 2764, "DATE"], [2768, 2777, "GPE"], [2953, 2957, "PERSON"], [2995, 3000, "LOC"], [3013, 3016, "LOC"], [3034, 3048, "ORG"], [3092, 3105, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2782, "text": "In consequence of two other parties engaging part of my horses, I cannot say if I shall be able to furnish you until I know the quantity you require but if it is in my power I shall be happy to so do. I am your Obd.St. W. Ratliff", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[18, 21, "CARDINAL"], [219, 229, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2783, "text": "I am ashamed to say that I had totally forgotten your desire to hear the results of our Exam n– when your note fortunately crossed my eye this morning. The following is a copy of what appeared at Deightons Natural Sciences Tripos – 1852 1 st Class (alphabetically) Yool – Trin Coll Young – Chr. Coll 2 nd Class A.Wilson. Trin Coll (G)* * distinguished for Geology. On the other side you will see how the men performed in each subject. yrs very truly | Wm Clark [On reverse:] Botany | Geology | Mineralogy | Gen. l Paper | Physiol y | Comp. Anat | Chemist. |Total Young 46 52 3 44 17 15 1 178 Yool 21 22 4 45 8 10 38 148 Wilson 0 75 0 15 0 5 7 102 Though Young had the greatest number of marks, the general impression was that Yool was the better man.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[138, 150, "TIME"], [196, 222, "ORG"], [232, 238, "DATE"], [272, 287, "WORK_OF_ART"], [290, 293, "PERSON"], [300, 301, "CARDINAL"], [321, 330, "PERSON"], [450, 460, "PERSON"], [540, 554, "PERSON"], [572, 574, "CARDINAL"], [575, 576, "CARDINAL"], [603, 604, "CARDINAL"], [605, 607, "CARDINAL"], [608, 609, "CARDINAL"], [610, 612, "CARDINAL"], [613, 615, "CARDINAL"], [616, 619, "CARDINAL"], [620, 626, "ORG"], [629, 631, "CARDINAL"], [634, 636, "CARDINAL"], [639, 640, "CARDINAL"], [641, 646, "CARDINAL"], [726, 730, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2784, "text": "I think your plea about your Curate is a liberal one, & meets with my approbation. You are perhaps aware that, if you reside four months of the year the Bishop has nothing to say about the Curate living in the House when you are absent, which, when our incumbent means to reside as much as he can, though he has an exemption, is always found very inconvenient, but in some cases the Bishop may be compelled to order. There is no necessity for you writing to Ld. Melbourne who is just now sufficiently busy to be spared all communications not absolutely necessary. I remain My dear Sir your Faithful Servt. J. Ely", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[29, 35, "ORG"], [125, 148, "DATE"], [153, 159, "ORG"], [189, 195, "ORG"], [210, 215, "ORG"], [383, 389, "ORG"], [458, 460, "PERSON"], [462, 471, "PERSON"], [606, 612, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2785, "text": "I have time only to write two lines. I send you my list of Promises that you may correct yours by it. The committee will meet on Monday & will be held at no. 4 Haymarket My dear Sir Yrs sincerely Palmerston I shall be glad to have my back again by return of post", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[26, 29, "CARDINAL"], [129, 137, "DATE"], [160, 169, "PERSON"], [182, 185, "PERSON"], [196, 206, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2786, "text": "I avail myself of the opportunity which M. r Steele’s return to Cambridge presents to send you some specimens of plants which are neither as numerous nor, I regret, so good as I could have wished. During this summer I have as yet had leisure for only one botanical walk, & that was limited to an afternoon so that I have been obliged to employ my pupils to gather specimens, & as they are young in Botany, they often do not succeed in procuring what they are sent for. I hope during what remains of summer to procure many contained in your list, & will transmit by some future opportunity. I have just ascertained that our Oenanthe crocata is not the true plant, but probably the Oen. apiifolia of Hooker, & now that attention has been directed to it I would not wonder if the latter should turn out the more common plant. I am pretty sure that the Tropogon (sic) major is the usual Scottish species, for the Edinburgh Tragopogon is the same as ours, if a specimen of the latter lately sent would allow me to decide. I had hoped to have been able to have sent you by this time the 2 Vol. of my Flora, but the convenience of the printer has detained it a long time in the press. It is I believe all printed with the exception of the Index, so that in a few weeks I shall send it by M. r Loudon as originally proposed. I am happy to say that the study is on the increase in our neighbourhood. When I published the first vol. I do not think there was another, with the exception of my friend M. r Baird, in the county who paid any attention to the subject. There are now 6 or 7 botanists, or would-bees in the town itself, and several also scattered over the county – so numerous indeed are we that we begin to speak of forming ourselves into a Botanical Club – Society being rather too dignified a denomination for us embryos. I am D. Sir, | with much regard | yours truly | George Johnston", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[40, 53, "PERSON"], [64, 73, "ORG"], [204, 215, "DATE"], [251, 254, "CARDINAL"], [398, 404, "GPE"], [499, 505, "DATE"], [698, 707, "ORG"], [849, 857, "ORG"], [859, 862, "ORG"], [883, 891, "NORP"], [905, 929, "ORG"], [1094, 1099, "PERSON"], [1250, 1261, "DATE"], [1281, 1292, "PERSON"], [1412, 1417, "ORDINAL"], [1489, 1499, "PERSON"], [1568, 1569, "CARDINAL"], [1573, 1574, "CARDINAL"], [1742, 1756, "ORG"], [1830, 1836, "PERSON"], [1871, 1888, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2787, "text": "I delivered your message to Kingsley. He had constructed the long handled forceps on paper only, not in wood and metal. I shall be greatly obliged to you for your continuum for hanging drawings. I have used a kind of Shepherd’s Crook for hanging diagrams with its head or hook constructed of iron wire of about 0.1 inches diam or a little more. The socket by which the hook was fitted attached to the handle was made by twisting the wire into an extremely elongated screw. The ergot blunder was a very stupid one. [Drawing of described ‘crook’ marked ‘upper end of handle’ and ‘screw’.] Very truly yours | W. H. Miller", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[28, 36, "PERSON"], [217, 225, "PERSON"], [228, 304, "WORK_OF_ART"], [305, 321, "QUANTITY"], [477, 482, "ORG"], [604, 618, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2788, "text": "I send you a paper from Blackwood sent to me by Prof Rogers which — if you have not seen it, will probably interest you. I have had no “Show” this year for several reasons and it is well that I did not. There would have been nothing to show — and wet weather to show it in[.] I have noticed that in this locality the season has been peculiarly favourable to the oak. Large and old trees have thrown up long shoots from near the extremities of their branches[.] These shoots are invariably perpendicular however pendent the parent branch may be[.] Some trees are covered with these outbursts of vigour[.] The Larch on the dry Mountain Limestone has also had a fine time of it this year. Many trees of all sorts are much cut up on the West side from the strong West winds that prevailed[.] Nothing however seems to affect either the Wellingtonia or the Araucaria imbricata, both of which appear to have established themselves in circumstances of considerable comfort. Volunteering is holding on prosperously and well, and the shooting is becoming quite a rage. Believe me | yours very truly | Ducie", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[24, 33, "ORG"], [48, 59, "PERSON"], [142, 151, "DATE"], [299, 323, "DATE"], [625, 643, "LOC"], [675, 684, "DATE"], [759, 763, "LOC"], [831, 843, "GPE"], [851, 860, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2789, "text": "I send you some reports, and a memorandum. I shall write myself to Mr Adams Yrs sincerely Palmerston Creevey the M.P. says he shall vote for me; but query he has a vote to give?", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[67, 79, "PERSON"], [90, 108, "GPE"], [113, 117, "ORG"]]}
+{"id": 2790, "text": "I send you our Regulations in their improved form. The changes meet some of your objections. If you look at the graces about the new scheme you will see that those who hate. Law degrees do not escape as you supposed I think you will have to make some final effort about the Botanical Garden. At present it presses very heavily on the University. We are so poor there we cannot afford to make the grand walks, and we can turn the old garden to no account til the hothouses are removed. I see no way but a subscription. The other ways have been tried and have failed. But a subscription, if taken up must be vigorously pursued. The V.C. is not averse to such a course. Perhaps you can with your friends decide by next term what is best to do. Always truly yours | W. Whewell", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[270, 290, "FAC"], [630, 634, "GPE"], [760, 772, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2791, "text": "I am much obliged by the Mem. sent – I am to meet our Labourers at 8.P.M. on Monday – after our usual Tea & Coffee of the Benefit Club Quarterly Meeting. I hear that some of the Farmers won’t allow their men to take on allotments – but I don’t expect it will deter very many. Most of our 40 or 50 occupiers are very ignorant men – some were labourers themselves & are jealous of those from whose ranks they rose – a common vice in vulgar minds. You have set me up with Hop blights for I received a copy the day before from the Author himself, with 2 former lectures. He mentions an intention of lecturing on Wheat Blights so I sent him specimens of all I have named in my Report. I have not yet been able to look into his books – as I am busy preparing a few diagrams & looking out some fossils for a lecture to the Hadleigh Club next Friday on our Tertiary Shales. Believe me very truly yours J. S. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[25, 28, "PERSON"], [105, 111, "DATE"], [130, 162, "ORG"], [191, 200, "DATE"], [234, 241, "ORG"], [400, 408, "CARDINAL"], [699, 713, "DATE"], [723, 729, "GPE"], [744, 745, "CARDINAL"], [832, 845, "GPE"], [1124, 1137, "ORG"], [1171, 1177, "DATE"], [1230, 1243, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2792, "text": "Ld Clive will come & will bring Swainson with him. Pepys should be requested to continue a plumper if he can do so, for I am by no means in a state of security though in one of hope. I have reason to think that Copleys promises do not exceed 700, Bankes's 600 and Goulburns 500; we may poll 650 & if we do we shall be winners We have 680 promises of which I think we cannot account for more than 50 defaulters if so many. Yrs sincerely Palmerston", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[0, 8, "ORG"], [32, 40, "NORP"], [170, 173, "CARDINAL"], [211, 218, "GPE"], [242, 245, "CARDINAL"], [247, 253, "ORG"], [256, 259, "CARDINAL"], [274, 277, "CARDINAL"], [291, 294, "CARDINAL"], [334, 337, "CARDINAL"], [386, 398, "CARDINAL"]]}
+{"id": 2793, "text": "I was very much obliged to you for your kind letter, and sit down to say, that I shd feel myself accordingly obliged to you, not to mention to anybody, but to Lord Palmerston, that I have in the least interested myself about his Lordship. I have a most particular reason, for wishing this. I have thro' the father in law of Dr Lamb asked his vote, and I wish you to inform me, what he has done - I have also applied thro' another channel - but keep all this mum. You say you are Professor, but you do not exactly tell me of what, therefore I beg you, to be so good, as to inform me, \"tout suit\". You give one kind of a hint, that you are Professor of Botany, but I am not quite certain as to that matter. I have always wished very much, to attend some botanical lectures, but I have never been in any place where there has been any going on, so that all my botany, is from my own idea on the subject, I therefore wish, that you wd be so kind, as to find me a list of books, you would advise me to read on Botany. I have latterly, been fortunate enough, to obtain a plant, called Salvia splendens, which I admire very much. If you have any new plants, I beg you send me some of the seeds. If I go to France this year, I shall send you some. The Shyzanthus porrigens (sic), of course you have got, as also the Commelina coelestis. I wish for some seeds of a poppy whose name I do not know, but its appearance, is nearly this - it has a very bright scarlet blossom, with a blank eye, and the leaf is like the horned, or sea poppy, and it bears the seed in the same way. Now if you could send me the name of this fellow, and also send me some of the seed, I shd. feel exceedingly obliged to you. I was very sorry to hear, from the Isle of Mann lately, that Mrs Stewart is very ill, a circumstance that gives me great concern. I suppose, you are aware, that both Miss Smith, and Charlotte Smith are dead, poor dear souls! I was very sorry for their suffering. I think they both died from living in the Isle of Mann and I am confident, that my illness, was brought on, by that detestable climate. I find that Juke has not sold all his property in the Isle of Mann nor does he intend it - but what he is to do with the house I cannot make out unless he intends to let it off in flats, like the houses in Scotland. Poor dear Vick! I hope she was near you when she died, I am at present very anxious about my poor favourites left in the Isle of Mann. I cannot help again entreating you, to think [it] my duty, if you can be of any use to Mr Robert Murrays son Robert, anything you could think of, but has to do with books would do. I beg my best respects, to Mrs Henslowe (sic) and every good wish to the little strangers. Pray is it true, that Purby is become a Saint. Yours very sincerely J. H. Stapleton We are delayed here, owing to Lord Stirling business, but, I think, you had better send your letter to Netherton House near Worcester and enclose to my brother - Mereworth Castle near Tunbridge Kent - farewell!", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[159, 174, "PERSON"], [327, 331, "PERSON"], [605, 608, "CARDINAL"], [1005, 1011, "GPE"], [1079, 1085, "LAW"], [1199, 1205, "GPE"], [1206, 1215, "DATE"], [1245, 1255, "FAC"], [1309, 1318, "GPE"], [1724, 1740, "LOC"], [1758, 1765, "PERSON"], [1864, 1869, "PERSON"], [1875, 1890, "PERSON"], [1994, 2010, "FAC"], [2104, 2108, "PERSON"], [2142, 2158, "ORG"], [2298, 2306, "GPE"], [2318, 2322, "PERSON"], [2425, 2441, "GPE"], [2533, 2547, "PERSON"], [2552, 2558, "PERSON"], [2651, 2663, "PERSON"], [2737, 2742, "ORG"], [2755, 2760, "LOC"], [2784, 2799, "PERSON"], [2903, 2918, "ORG"], [2924, 2933, "GPE"], [2960, 2978, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2794, "text": "An intimate friend of mine J. W. Barnes is candidate for the Head mastership of Durham & thinks it possible that you may be able to speak a word for him. I can most conscientiously recommend him as a person well qualified for the office & one whom you will find a pleasant companion– In short I recommend him most earnestly to you as one likely to add to your society– I have lately received 4 casks from Darwin of various objects in Nat. Hist.– Y rs ever truly | J S Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[27, 39, "PERSON"], [61, 65, "ORG"], [80, 88, "ORG"], [239, 242, "CARDINAL"], [334, 337, "CARDINAL"], [392, 393, "CARDINAL"], [405, 411, "PERSON"], [434, 437, "PERSON"], [439, 443, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2795, "text": "Few things w. d give me more delight than to pay you a visit—lectures included— & I know & feel, that if I had not been ordered to Hastings, it w.d have done me more good than any thing else, to have been home idle with you & Calvert for a few weeks— The truth is that I have had a good deal to wrong me of late— & what with my mothers death & various other anxieties, I have had rather a climax of troubles within the last few months— I presume the partial paralysis of some of the nerves brought on last Jan. y 1839 either by a severe chill or by sleeping for some weeks in a house full of fresh paint & painters, has by degrees extended itself to other parts of the system, & that the increasing ill health I have felt lately, has been in great great measure sympathetic with the decayed nerves— All this has been made worse by worry— & therefore I anticipate considerable advantage from shaking the dust off my shoes against the door of this place & picking up shells at S. t Leonards. I hope to get away on Thursday next or at all events on Friday-- & to be absent about 3 weeks— All this will prevent me going as I ought to do to Westmorland— & therefore I shall be obliged to take the 5 days holiday at Whitsuntide for that purpose— so that I see no prospect whatever of getting any further absence from my work during the remainder of the Summer— [rest of letter missing]", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[131, 139, "PERSON"], [226, 233, "PERSON"], [238, 249, "DATE"], [415, 434, "DATE"], [501, 517, "DATE"], [562, 572, "DATE"], [598, 614, "ORG"], [665, 678, "ORG"], [975, 988, "ORG"], [1012, 1020, "DATE"], [1046, 1056, "ORG"], [1070, 1083, "DATE"], [1136, 1147, "ORG"], [1188, 1206, "DATE"], [1343, 1353, "DATE"]]}
+{"id": 2796, "text": "I seldom hear of you now except when you have time to write a line yourself in the midst of your multifarious occupations. I am induced, however, to hope that you will be coming this way during the winter to bring Annie to Elizabeth, which arrangement I understand is quite agreed upon, tho’ not definitely fixed as to time. Perhaps you will be able to say when the visit is likely to take place,— & of course we hope to see something of you here on that occasion. We only returned from the seaside the end of last week. We did not go to Weymouth after all, for Jane was too unwell to venture upon so long (for her) a journey; — but we went to Weston for a week, & then moved to Clevedon, where we had never been before, & where we spent more than a month.— The scenery & walks in the neighbourhood of the latter place are far more attractive than at the former,— & if it had been earlier in the year,— there was good ground & localities for botanizing: but nothing was to be done in this way in October. I observed at Weston that the spot where I used to gather the Coriander had been built over & I imagine there is quite an end of that habitat for this local species.— Before going from home, Broome & myself found an umbellifer quite new to us in a field of mangold-worzel, not near any habitation of men, & which was probably sown with the seed of the latter plant: I send a small piece of a small specimen for you to look at. I can only make it out to be amarella; h I never saw or gathered before;— but not being in seed, I was unable to identify it with certainty.— I also enclose a specimen of Gentian, which is evidently nothing more than G.campestris, & was growing with others having the usual characters: but this & one other specimen have the divisions of the corolla & calyx in 4 s instead of 5 s, thereby making an approach to gather the Linosyris had been, if not almost identical, —or do you conceive there are two other better characters to w. h the two species may be kept separate. When you come to Bath you will find Eliz. in a very comfortable, & rather grand house for her, with entirely new furniture: she likes it very much in itself, as well as in situation.— My wife is better since she came home, than she was, when out; but as you know she is weakly subject at all times. I shall be glad to know which of your family are now with you, & how they all do. Is Leonard still at his Welsh curacy?— I think I heard of your Eldest sister being lately at Bristol.— With love to all at home, Believe me, | yrs affectly | L. Jenyns", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[194, 204, "DATE"], [214, 219, "GPE"], [223, 232, "PERSON"], [499, 519, "DATE"], [538, 546, "PERSON"], [562, 566, "PERSON"], [644, 650, "ORG"], [655, 661, "DATE"], [679, 687, "GPE"], [738, 755, "DATE"], [881, 900, "DATE"], [996, 1003, "DATE"], [1019, 1025, "ORG"], [1067, 1076, "ORG"], [1196, 1211, "ORG"], [1604, 1611, "GPE"], [1730, 1733, "CARDINAL"], [1771, 1790, "ORG"], [1794, 1795, "CARDINAL"], [1809, 1810, "CARDINAL"], [1855, 1864, "ORG"], [1930, 1933, "CARDINAL"], [1970, 1973, "CARDINAL"], [2040, 2044, "PERSON"], [2388, 2395, "PERSON"], [2409, 2414, "ORG"], [2478, 2485, "ORG"], [2541, 2552, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2797, "text": "This a very favourable report. I have nothing pro or con. Sincerely Yours J. Wood", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[74, 81, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2798, "text": "I am much obliged by your last batch of notices – all useful in affording hints, whether applicable to such a parish as this or not – we had been doing something in the way of Rice – & have had 1½ Tons to sell at 1d per lb. Besides 500 herrings, & 1 lb of coarse sugar, to sweeten the rice to the Children – I find the Rice has made great progress in the affections of most of the people – Our plan was to allow such families as had 2 or more children under 14 years, to purchase 10lb for each child – & those that had 3 or more to purchase (in addition either 5lb of flour or 7lb more rice for 1d – the latter receiving their quota in 2 deliveries (of which one will take place tomorrow) – & I find that more than half of those who preferred to take the addition in flour last time now prefer to take all in rice – in fact very few stick to the flour. On Tuesday I finish the course of 4 lectures I have been giving at Ipswich this winter, in reference to a series of illustrations I am preparing for the Museum, & I send you a few newspaper strips of the notices of these illustrations, which have already appeared – I have sketched out a plan for an epitome of Natural History, in a series of typical objects (specimens, models & figures) which range on the floor of the Museum; & from these references one made to others in the cases round the room – [letter cut] – notice I send you a copy I have retained for myself & you can return it – but possibly the enclosed [one may be?], to show you the plan – My object is to make people (who visit a museum) think about, & not merely gape at the objects they see there – I have had rather too many Irons in the fire for a man now 58, & for the first time in my life, my constitution has given me warning that I am getting old – about 3 months ago a pain in my chest made my medical attendant apprehensive that I might have some organic affections of the head; but he & Dr Billing (who examined me) now think it arose from dyspepsia – I can now walk about freely again; instead of going to bed at 1, I get there as soon after 10 as I can – live a little more freely – & clothe myself more warmly – I trust with a little less work than heretofore I shall before long find myself re-established – indeed I have only slight traces of the affections left – I accidentally saw Mr [Sand?] in the train to Ipswich yesterday I was concerned to hear from him that the son who was with you is seriously ill at home Believe me very truly yours J. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[232, 236, "PERSON"], [316, 319, "CARDINAL"], [330, 333, "DATE"], [409, 417, "PRODUCT"], [431, 435, "PERSON"], [601, 602, "CARDINAL"], [620, 634, "DATE"], [648, 650, "CARDINAL"], [715, 716, "CARDINAL"], [785, 786, "CARDINAL"], [801, 804, "QUANTITY"], [819, 821, "CARDINAL"], [888, 889, "CARDINAL"], [985, 999, "CARDINAL"], [1192, 1199, "DATE"], [1223, 1224, "CARDINAL"], [1284, 1291, "GPE"], [1292, 1303, "DATE"], [1689, 1737, "ORG"], [1774, 1787, "ORG"], [2341, 2356, "DATE"], [2365, 2370, "ORDINAL"], [2505, 2523, "DATE"], [2857, 2858, "CARDINAL"], [2914, 2916, "CARDINAL"], [3307, 3316, "DATE"], [3461, 3471, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2799, "text": "I have this evening rec. d the Prospectus of your Diagrams which I have read with much interest. I hear from Don & Son that they are very beautiful; and Lyon Playfair who I met in Dublin on the first ins t., told me the same. I do sincerely hope that the sale of them may be extensive, and that they may serve not as decorations for the school-room, but as the means of leading every pupil to a practical knowledge of all that they are intended to teach. The great difficulty I have found is with the teachers. They have to become learners, before they can attempt to teach. Some are indolent—some not disposed to turn to branches of knowledge which they have not been taught to care for—and some teach “by the book”, and seek not to ascertain if the pupil really understands what is there set down. So far as the schools here are concerned I am thinking of offering some kind of premium, whether for the teachers or the pupils I am not sure— but I am disposed to think it must be something that would make the teacher be regarded favourably by the District Inspector, and immediately or remotely tend to give him a higher status, and better his condition. I also have never ceased to urge on the Commissioners of National Education in Dublin the necessity of making Nat. Hist y a regular part of the course of Education in their Training Schools. From the progress that has been made during the last ten years, I do not doubt that these difficulties will be overcome, and on every side pleasant little events are occurring to cheer us on, and make us persevere in our efforts. It gives me great pleasure to think that I am associated in such labours with one whom I esteem so highly as yourself. Perhaps this circumstance may at times induce me “to bestow my tediousness upon you” even more largely than at present. Believe me |my dear Sir |very sincerely yours |Robert Patterson", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[7, 19, "TIME"], [109, 118, "ORG"], [153, 166, "PERSON"], [180, 186, "GPE"], [194, 199, "ORDINAL"], [1045, 1067, "ORG"], [1193, 1232, "ORG"], [1236, 1242, "GPE"], [1267, 1270, "GPE"], [1272, 1276, "ORG"], [1392, 1410, "DATE"], [1656, 1659, "CARDINAL"], [1828, 1831, "PERSON"], [1863, 1880, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2800, "text": "Don tells me that no one knows how Cunningham situation was ever called that of a Botanist - it being only adapted to growing cabbages for the convicts. He knows however that it had been filled up by a Mr Anderson who has been out there some time, & was recommended by the Colonial government. Rice knew nothing about it. Yrs ever truly J. S. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[35, 45, "ORG"], [82, 90, "NORP"], [205, 213, "PERSON"], [294, 298, "PERSON"], [337, 350, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2801, "text": "I learn that it is the intention of the London University to elect a second examiner of English Language Literature & History. Last year the first, then the sole examiner, in these subjects was elected, and my friend Chistoph. Knight Watson of Trin. Coll. was a candidate. He ran his successful competitor close— & had most honorable support. The names of those who voted for him might well have outweighed the numbers on the other side. I then wrote to you in his favour— & now do so again. I am sure you will be glad, if it be in your power, to support a man so high-principled so well appointed for his work, & now so well known as a public writer. He is indeed one who will do honour to the successful exertions of his friends. I think my friends chance of success an excellent one, but I shall feel exceedingly grateful to you if you can contribute to make it secure, Yrs my dear Henslow| very truly | Wm Clark", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[36, 57, "ORG"], [69, 75, "ORDINAL"], [88, 125, "ORG"], [127, 136, "DATE"], [141, 146, "ORDINAL"], [217, 225, "ORG"], [227, 240, "PERSON"], [244, 248, "NORP"]]}
+{"id": 2802, "text": "I sincerely regret my inability to assist you in your present object. If I were in London I would run about & look out for the specimens, and nothing would give me greater pleasure, but I am not likely to be in Town before the 3 rd or 4 th of November— My collection of oste [illeg] is gone to Cambridge— & is in D r Clark’s possession— it contains a good beavers skeleton also a skeleton of the alpine Hare— (by the bye my nephew thinks the Irish Hare is identical with the Scandinavian species—this is odd enough, as it does not exist in Scotland—) How cordially should I reciprocate the wish that you were nearer to London, were it not for the good you are now doing at your parish! I have taken your name in vain lately, in the introductory lecture which I had to deliver at the opening of the Session at Gray’s— I am absolutely freed to publish it —in the Lancet— & will if I can send you a copy as it relates to a subject in wh. you are interested— Ever yours sincerely | Thomas Bell [P.S.] As to the Mammalia, if no one else will do it I will— but I should think Gray the proper man", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[83, 89, "GPE"], [211, 215, "GPE"], [227, 228, "CARDINAL"], [235, 239, "QUANTITY"], [243, 251, "DATE"], [294, 303, "GPE"], [317, 322, "PERSON"], [438, 452, "ORG"], [475, 487, "NORP"], [540, 548, "GPE"], [619, 625, "GPE"], [798, 805, "FAC"], [861, 867, "ORG"], [978, 989, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2803, "text": "When I left Cambridge I fancied that I was on my road to join you at Weymouth, and anticipated great pleasure from the expedition, but as matters now stand it must be put off for the present. I proposed to Rickman that we should make an architectural tour in Normandy together; and I find it will probably suit him to start in a few days, so I shall stay here til this is settled and perhaps executed. I had so fully reckoned on being at Weymouth shortly that I had directed letters to be sent there. I have written to the Post Office to say they maybe sent here; perhaps it may increase the certainly of this being done if you will speak a word about it. I hear from Leonard and Charles Jenyns that you are going on prosperously and that Mrs Henslow is very well and very happy which I am especially pleased to learn. Pray among all your examination of things by land and water have you made one for me anything about the tides? I will tell you one or two points that I want more particularly to have attended to. How are the tides on the two sides of the Bill of Portland? Are they later in the bay of Weymouth or on the side of the Chesil Bank? Are the tides at the same time in shore and out at a distance in the open sea? Is the high water at the point of time when the current in the Channel changes its direction from East to West? If you can get me tolerably precise information on these particular points in addition to any more general observations as I have suggested in the printed paper I shall be very glad. Perhaps with regard to the relative time of the two tides on the two sides of Portland Bill you can note me something down, and if so I should be glad to know it. I was told that you are going to Guernsey. When is this likely to be? If I thought I could fall in with you there I should be much tempted to join you from the side of France. If you go in three weeks or so I dare say it will fall in neatly with my time, but I do not yet know how Rickman's motions will be regulated. I went to St. Albans the other day and saw your family who all appeared to me to be well. I had never seen the Abbey before and a proper lumping piece of old buiding it is. William and Marianne Humfrey are married at last. I saw them start from Cambridge after the ceremony on Thursday last: they cross from Brighton to Dieppe and then travel through France into Italy. When you write let me know what communication there is between Guernsey and Weymouth; for it may be perhaps be possible to come that way from Normandy if one can reckon upon a quick and well timed passage. If I come that way I shall probably bring Rickman with me for I do not think he knows the French lingo and ways well enough to go alone among the monsieurs; so if I take him into the strange land I shall hold myself bound to bring him out. I expect great satisfaction from seeing the impression made upon him by foreign architecture. Give my love to Fanny and Louisa - I hear that Louisa makes an excellent mermaid but that Fanny prefers the character of a land animal. My kindest regards to Mrs Henslow. Dear Henslow yours affectionately W. Whewell", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[12, 21, "ORG"], [69, 77, "PRODUCT"], [206, 213, "PERSON"], [259, 267, "PERSON"], [327, 337, "DATE"], [519, 534, "ORG"], [668, 675, "PERSON"], [680, 694, "PERSON"], [739, 750, "PERSON"], [893, 896, "CARDINAL"], [946, 949, "CARDINAL"], [953, 956, "CARDINAL"], [1040, 1043, "CARDINAL"], [1065, 1073, "GPE"], [1104, 1112, "GPE"], [1131, 1146, "ORG"], [1290, 1297, "NORP"], [1325, 1329, "LOC"], [1333, 1337, "LOC"], [1570, 1573, "CARDINAL"], [1587, 1590, "CARDINAL"], [1600, 1613, "ORG"], [1718, 1726, "PERSON"], [1853, 1859, "GPE"], [1874, 1885, "DATE"], [1966, 1973, "ORG"], [2024, 2037, "DATE"], [2114, 2119, "ORG"], [2176, 2183, "PERSON"], [2188, 2204, "PERSON"], [2248, 2257, "GPE"], [2280, 2288, "DATE"], [2311, 2319, "GPE"], [2323, 2329, "GPE"], [2354, 2360, "GPE"], [2366, 2371, "GPE"], [2436, 2444, "PERSON"], [2449, 2457, "PERSON"], [2515, 2523, "PERSON"], [2621, 2628, "PERSON"], [2669, 2675, "NORP"], [2929, 2934, "PERSON"], [2960, 2966, "ORG"], [3003, 3008, "PERSON"], [3084, 3096, "PERSON"], [3118, 3128, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2804, "text": "When at Ipswich last Monday I was shown numerous fragments of Deluvial bones - mostly very decayed & worthless - from the cutting near that town. The best had been disposed of to a Mr Acton of someplace near Ipswich, & he was in treaty for most of the remainder. I was told he had given 5 guineas for a large bone more that 5 feet in circumference. I picked out 3 very small Elephants (?) teeth, which appeared to me curious - some fragments of Megatherium (?) footbones (?) a horse's hoof & the bone to which it disarticulated & one or two other things for which I gave 15/- If you think them worth the money you may have them for the Woodwardian as indeed I had your collection in my eye - but if they are worthless to you they may adorn my attic. I also procured specimens for you of the artificial sandstone. As I come to your dinner I can bring these things with me, if you care to have them - but they need not take an airing to & from Cambridge if you do not. I find it will advantage Charlesworth to take in his journal through a friend at Ipswich, & if you care to give him a lift, in spite of his snarls at Owen perhaps you will authorise me to procure your copies in the same way, & you can receive them via Phil. Soc. as they appear. The subscription is 21/- annually. Girls away at the Bury Ball Incomplete", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[8, 15, "ORG"], [16, 27, "DATE"], [184, 189, "PERSON"], [208, 215, "GPE"], [287, 288, "CARDINAL"], [324, 330, "QUANTITY"], [362, 363, "CARDINAL"], [445, 472, "ORG"], [530, 533, "CARDINAL"], [537, 540, "CARDINAL"], [571, 575, "CARDINAL"], [636, 647, "NORP"], [942, 951, "GPE"], [992, 1004, "ORG"], [1048, 1055, "GPE"], [1117, 1121, "GPE"], [1219, 1223, "PERSON"], [1266, 1270, "CARDINAL"], [1295, 1320, "FAC"]]}
+{"id": 2805, "text": "According to your wish I now have the pleasure of sending you roots of the scarlet Anthyllis vulneraria– they were gathered yesterday morning, & I hope to dispatch them this evening; so that I have little fear of their living; especially as I have sent whole sods– By way of ensuring your object, I have also gathered ripe seeds, which you shall receive in due time– The scarlet variety is pretty common along the S.W. coast of Anglesea, it is however most abundant in the place where I gathered the roots now sent (Llangwyfan, 2 miles from Aberffraw)– It is not invariably found separate from the yellow sort, of which I observed one or two roots, when cutting up the sods; which circumstance, & the consideration that the parcel would not be more expensive for being so large as it is, induced me to send you a more liberal supply than perhaps you may think necessary, or than I should otherwise have ventured upon– There is an intermediate cream coloured variety which is pretty common, but being rather late in the season this year, I did not see it– I have dried specimens at home, some of which I will send you on my return home, which will be now in two or three days, when I shall be anxious to receive your list of desiderata as soon as soon as may prove acceptable to you. I enclose a specimen or two of Inula Crithmoides & Statice Reticulata, which were both growing at Llangwyfan close to the Anthyllis– My list of desiderata I have not yet completed & though am unable to send it now, as I could have wished– I however select a few of the plants from the Flora Cantabrigensis, any of which, I shall be glad to have, when you can conveniently send them– you need not fear being able to gratify me most amply in this way without having recourse to others of your botanical correspondents to assist you, tho’ indeed such an addition could not fail to enforce the obligation greatly, but as my greatest fear is that I shall not be able to supply you with novelties to the extent I hoped when I first wrote, I must for the present rest satisfied with the expectation of receiving only a few of your native varieties in exchange for mine, otherwise I shall be, I fear, more troublesome to you than serviceable– But let me, my dear Sir, beg you to understand that it is not by any means my wish to put you to the least inconvenience, in procuring me specimens – the number of your correspondents & the little leisure which you may perhaps have, will very likely prevent your attending to me, with convenience for some time to come, & in that case I shall be quite content to wait, or even to forego altogether the gratification which I should have in receiving them – the subjoined list is therefore sent only with the view of furnishing you with the requisite knowledge of what will be acceptable to me, should favourable opportunities present themselves, for gathering specimens before the season is over & you should have sufficient leisure for the purpose I remain | Rev d Sir | Yours very truly | W Wilson [Plant list—apparently from Flora Cantabrigensis; apparently marked by JSH?] o Crocus sativus . Scirpus caricinus Panicum viride Phleum paniculatum -------Boehmeri Agrostis spica-venti Poa distans x Bromus erectus ---------pinnatus . Arundo calamagrostis x Hordeum maritimum x Asperula cynanchica . Galium erectum . -------spurium ---------anglicum Sanguisorba officinalis (for comparison with ours) . Potamogeton densum (I do not see it in Anglesea) . Lithospermum arvense Asperugo procumbens x Menyanthes nymphaeoides . Campanula glomerata . ----------hybrid x Viola odorata (if truly wild with you) x Verbascum lychnitis ------------nigrum x Atropa belladonna . Rhamnus catharticus / Thesium linophyllum x Vinca major (if wild) . Chenopodium urbicum --------------rubrum --------------murale --------------hybrida --------------ficifolium --------------olidum .-------------polyspermum . Cuscuta europaea x Bupleurum rotundifolium x ----------tenuifolium Caucalis latifolia & daucoides x Selinum palustre x Athamanta libanotis x Sison segetum x Viburnum lantana x Linum perenne --------angustifolium (crossed through) x Frankenia laevis Rumex pulcher .-----maritimus Colchicum autumnale Monotropa hypopithys o Saponaria officinalis (if wild) Silene otites -------noctiflora x Arenaria tenuifolia Sedum sexangulare (if wild) ------album (ditto) Second column Lythrum hyssopifolium Reseda lutea . Euphorbia platyphylla ----------amygdaloides x Potentilla argentea Glaucium violaceum x Papaver dubium . --------somniferum (if wild) o Delphinium consolida x Stratiotes aloides x Anemone pulsatilla x Clematis vitalba x Helleborus (both) x x Ajuga chamaepytis x Teucrium scordium x Mentha sylvestris Leonurus cardiaca (if wild) o Thymus acinos . Melissa nepeta . Melampyrum cristata x -----------sylvaticum Linaria spuria x --------minor x Limosella aquatica Lepidium ruderale Thlaspi arvense Isatis tinctoria Nasturtium amphibium . Erysimum cheiranthoides . Arabis turrita x Geranium rotundifolium Althaea officinalis x Lathyrus aphaca x ---------nissolia ---------latifolius ---------palustris x Astragalus glyciphyllos x -----------hypoglottis x Trifolium subterraneum x ----------ochroleucum x ----------scabrum . Medicago falcata Hypericum hirsutum Picris hieracioides . Sonchus palustris x Lactuca (all) virosa x Crepis foetida Hypochoeris glabra Lapsana pusilla Carduus acanthoides x Cnicus acaulis . -------eriophorus . Onopordium acanthium x (overleaf) Senecio viscosus x --------paludosus Inula pulicaria ------Intergrifolia var. a. x Anthemis arvensis Centaurea calcitrapa . Orchis ustulata x Aceras anthropophora Herminium monorchis Ophrys apifera x -------aranifera Epipactis grandiflorum x Malaxis loeselii Aristolochia clematitis Carex divulsa Amaranthus blitum Ruscus aculeatus o Mercurialis annuus Aspidium cristatum ? Page One top right \"The following of which Mr Roberts had specimens will also be very acceptable to me\" Milium lendigerum (?) x Dactylis stricta x List from Crocus to Bromus pinnatus indicated.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[83, 92, "PERSON"], [124, 133, "DATE"], [134, 141, "TIME"], [169, 181, "TIME"], [414, 418, "ORG"], [428, 436, "ORG"], [516, 526, "NORP"], [528, 535, "QUANTITY"], [541, 550, "ORG"], [631, 634, "CARDINAL"], [638, 641, "CARDINAL"], [1157, 1174, "DATE"], [1307, 1310, "CARDINAL"], [1314, 1352, "ORG"], [1381, 1391, "GPE"], [1405, 1414, "PERSON"], [1564, 1588, "ORG"], [2003, 2008, "ORDINAL"], [3006, 3016, "PERSON"], [3045, 3065, "ORG"], [3088, 3091, "ORG"], [3114, 3121, "PERSON"], [3207, 3214, "NORP"], [3217, 3223, "PERSON"], [3252, 3258, "PRODUCT"], [3295, 3303, "NORP"], [3367, 3378, "GPE"], [3420, 3431, "PERSON"], [3459, 3467, "GPE"], [3492, 3500, "ORG"], [3541, 3550, "PERSON"], [3582, 3595, "PRODUCT"], [3664, 3670, "PRODUCT"], [3977, 4007, "ORG"], [4010, 4026, "FAC"], [4029, 4038, "GPE"], [4067, 4075, "PRODUCT"], [4189, 4198, "NORP"], [4209, 4218, "PERSON"], [4232, 4241, "LOC"], [4264, 4270, "PERSON"], [4298, 4317, "PERSON"], [4318, 4323, "NORP"], [4368, 4374, "ORDINAL"], [4383, 4411, "ORG"], [4421, 4430, "GPE"], [4468, 4478, "PERSON"], [4559, 4569, "PERSON"], [4583, 4593, "ORG"], [4606, 4613, "ORG"], [4672, 4677, "PRODUCT"], [4763, 4769, "GPE"], [4781, 4788, "PERSON"], [4844, 4851, "PERSON"], [5041, 5048, "GPE"], [5064, 5072, "NORP"], [5143, 5153, "ORG"], [5267, 5275, "ORG"], [5284, 5293, "LOC"], [5303, 5309, "NORP"], [5326, 5343, "PERSON"], [5347, 5354, "ORG"], [5371, 5377, "ORG"], [5386, 5397, "ORG"], [5405, 5412, "ORG"], [5421, 5428, "DATE"], [5444, 5450, "ORG"], [5521, 5528, "PERSON"], [5624, 5633, "PERSON"], [5667, 5697, "PERSON"], [5708, 5714, "ORG"], [5769, 5776, "PERSON"], [5786, 5798, "PERSON"], [5810, 5815, "ORG"], [5824, 5834, "PERSON"], [5842, 5848, "NORP"], [5862, 5873, "NORP"], [5881, 5889, "GPE"], [5946, 5956, "PERSON"], [6033, 6041, "GPE"], [6064, 6070, "GPE"], [6074, 6080, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2806, "text": "I thank you for your very interesting notice of the opening of the barrow. When you have a little leisure I hope you will not forget the Archaeological Association, and permit us to have a paper read at Canterbury on the subject and a sketch exhibited. I am very anxious that we should do something there worthy of ourselves and our cause and therefore any brief papers you may be pleased to give would be esteemed by me as a personal favour. The leaden coffin as you surmise is rare and interesting. I discovered one last year in Goodman’s Fields, London, which was subsequently destroyed. The lid lapped over like yours and there was a beading [small sketch] at the bottom. One was found by my friend Mons r. De Gerville FSA. at Coutances or near. In it was a glass bottle and a coin of Postumius. [sketch of bottle]. I do not think anything exactly resembling the vault has been found in England. The arrangement of the tiles &c will be very useful when drawn. Have any of the tiles inscriptions? I found one the other day in London. BR.LON I have been to examine the Roman pottery at Dymchurch. They have found fragments of a hundred varieties or more. The discovery is useful in a topographical point of view as shewing, contrary I think to general theory, that in the time of the Romans, this part of Romney marsh was not covered by the sea. The immense quantity of fossils in the stones on the beach would make a visit pleasing to you, & I am sure the Rev M r Issacson would show you every attention, as he did to me. On the summit of the high hill near Folkestone, I excavated part of an urn (with my knife!) The beautiful Roman Pharos h at Dover has recently been walled up so that the interior is now inaccessible. The old Duke is evidently in his dotage or he would not have ordered such an outrage upon good taste and decency. He must be taught better. How absurd it is that our monuments are in the custody of such persons!– Bred up to fight and kill (moral scavengers of society) what do they know or care about the arts and sciences that humanise & instruct? Believe me, my dear Sir, | very respectfully yours, |C Roach Smith", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[133, 163, "ORG"], [203, 213, "ORG"], [514, 527, "DATE"], [531, 538, "ORG"], [549, 555, "GPE"], [676, 679, "CARDINAL"], [703, 726, "PERSON"], [789, 798, "PERSON"], [891, 898, "GPE"], [1008, 1011, "CARDINAL"], [1012, 1025, "DATE"], [1029, 1035, "GPE"], [1071, 1076, "NORP"], [1130, 1137, "CARDINAL"], [1286, 1292, "NORP"], [1561, 1571, "GPE"], [1631, 1636, "NORP"], [1649, 1654, "GPE"], [2129, 2140, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2807, "text": "I am glad to hear you were pleased with the Herne Bay Cliffs & only regret you could not get a good collection to compare with your Chislet specimens. They require care but are to be had, especially in the same bed nearer Herne Bay where it comes lower down to the shore, as I mentioned to you— I have just ret. d from Devonshire & hope to leave in a week for the Continent— If you go to Chichester, the sand pit, I told you, is 4 miles distant & close by the Waterbeach entrance to Goodwood-Run is an inn there & the Boots or ostler there would show it to you. It is in a little coppice nearly opposite— Yours very sincerely | J. Prestwich [P.S.] The fossils at Beach Waterbeach are still more friable than at Herne Bay", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[40, 62, "ORG"], [222, 231, "LOC"], [319, 336, "ORG"], [349, 355, "DATE"], [388, 398, "ORG"], [429, 436, "QUANTITY"], [460, 470, "ORG"], [483, 495, "ORG"], [518, 523, "PERSON"], [627, 647, "PERSON"], [664, 680, "ORG"], [712, 721, "LOC"]]}
+{"id": 2808, "text": "We have an attentive and kindly disposed Master at our Work House, who takes an interest in making it as bearable as possible He has a little Band who play about thirty or more tunes – The new Drummer might easily get into his Drum– The Band of course varies in number but is generally composed of about a dozen of the children. They play Horn, pipes, Trombone, Clarinet, Cymbals &c purchased among us by subscription– It has given quite a new Tone to the establishment, and has been adopted in other Unions– Last week by a subscription of two or three pounds our Work House children joined those of Ipswich, and had a steam-boat excursion to Harwich. I was not present, but I hear it was a very successful and interesting display, and the steam boat company carried them gratis – the rail-road at half-price– and the rail-road have consented to carry a batch of our Labourers a fortnight hence to visit the Museum &c at Ipswich. The little Band generally come here twice a year – and I expect them again next week at our school children's anniversary. We are desirous of giving our work house children both amusement and exercise.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[142, 146, "ORG"], [156, 176, "CARDINAL"], [193, 200, "PERSON"], [298, 311, "CARDINAL"], [339, 343, "PRODUCT"], [362, 382, "ORG"], [444, 448, "ORG"], [501, 507, "ORG"], [509, 518, "DATE"], [540, 559, "QUANTITY"], [564, 574, "ORG"], [600, 607, "GPE"], [643, 650, "PERSON"], [904, 917, "ORG"], [921, 928, "GPE"], [941, 945, "ORG"], [1005, 1014, "DATE"]]}
+{"id": 2809, "text": "The friends of Lord Palmerston think it advisable to form a committee for the purpose of co-operating with his Lordship in his present canvass; & and it will be highly gratifying to them if you will give them your valuable assistance. They propose to meet tomorrow at twelve o'clock in the room immediately under Mr. Elliot Smiths Auction Room. Believe me My dear Sir Most truly Yours J.Wood", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[15, 30, "PERSON"], [256, 264, "DATE"], [268, 282, "TIME"], [317, 338, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2810, "text": "I send you by this post a dozen copies of an Educational Sheet of Butterflies — designed to appeal to the eyes & understanding of the least observant I should be very glad to hear if you find from your school experience that it is likely to answer the end in view. I am quite open to receive any suggestions with the view of increasing its utility With best wishes for the success of all your plans Believe me, My dear Sir | your very sincerely | H. T. Stainton", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[26, 31, "CARDINAL"]]}
+{"id": 2811, "text": "Thanks for your note. Your Servant drove me admirably; so I did very well, tho’ we had not so much talk as you & I might perhaps have kept up. Next day I called on the Marchesa who will I think come sometime with Maggie to see you; & the next following day I called on Leonard – but he was flown away I found – I also have had a very lazy chat with a very old Lady, who lives on the N. side of Parker’s Piece, & who was rejoiced to have news of your family. Nor is this all my weeks work – Twice have I called on Fanny at Stapleford & both times she was out walking: but she is waxing plump & cosy I hear. Considering that I am not a calling man, this is I think very exemplary & wonderful & lest you & M. rs Henslow should not butter me for it I will butter myself – I have written to D r Clarke to tell him I will take two copies of John M [illeg]’s book – The cost will be 10/0.– Pray lay the sum down for me – No! That is not worth while perhaps; for I may send a P.O. order. What nearly ready for the Press may mean I hardly know – I have a book in the Press & it has been advertised as nearly ready for about three years. It ought to be a full grown chicken after such an incubation. I was yesterday at a dinner in honor of Cuvier. It rose out of out of a bet, & was given by D. r Fisher – I left them at half past eleven making speeches. I suspect they are still speaking; for I have seen none of them today. M .rs Henslow is I trust gradually recovering from the effects of my Sermon Give my love to her, a kiss from me to my Goddaughter – & a merry Xmas to the lads Your affectionate friend |A Sedgwick", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[143, 151, "DATE"], [168, 176, "ORG"], [213, 219, "PERSON"], [234, 256, "DATE"], [269, 276, "PERSON"], [360, 364, "PERSON"], [394, 400, "PERSON"], [477, 482, "DATE"], [513, 521, "ORG"], [522, 534, "ORG"], [668, 705, "ORG"], [821, 824, "CARDINAL"], [835, 841, "PERSON"], [968, 972, "GPE"], [1054, 1068, "ORG"], [1109, 1126, "DATE"], [1196, 1205, "DATE"], [1230, 1236, "ORG"], [1282, 1284, "NORP"], [1311, 1327, "DATE"], [1409, 1414, "DATE"], [1534, 1545, "PERSON"], [1603, 1611, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2812, "text": "The Chairman and deputy chairman of the East India Company present their Compliments to the Rev. d M. r Henslow and request his acceptance of a Collection of Duplicates of dried Specimens of Plants from the Company’s Museum.— A list by which the names of the Specimens may be identified accompanies the collection which is deposited with Dr. Wallick, No. 61 Frith Street, Soho, London, who has received the commands of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman to cause it to be delivered to any person duly authorized to receive the same.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[36, 58, "ORG"], [73, 84, "PERSON"], [144, 168, "PRODUCT"], [178, 197, "PRODUCT"], [203, 223, "ORG"], [259, 268, "PERSON"], [342, 349, "PERSON"], [355, 357, "CARDINAL"], [372, 376, "GPE"], [378, 384, "GPE"]]}
+{"id": 2813, "text": "I proposed some time ago to D r Joseph Hooker, that he & yourself should occupy during the Meeting of the British Association the two Rooms over the Laboratory at the Botanic Garden, which my Assistant M r Masters previously lived in. He accepted conditionally for himself, but maintained that you would require lodgings, as Joseph Hooker would accompany you. I was not sure at the time whether the limited accommodation at my own House would be occupied by my own nieces, but I now find, that there will be a small bed-room still available, which I should have great pleasure in offering to your daughter, & under these circumstances revert to my original proposal of locating yourself and D r Hooker in this Building on the other side of the Gateway.— Should D r Hooker unfortunately be prevented coming I shall offer one of the Rooms to Leonard Jenyns Believe me | very truly yours | C Daubeny", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[32, 45, "PERSON"], [102, 125, "ORG"], [130, 133, "CARDINAL"], [163, 181, "FAC"], [325, 338, "PERSON"], [431, 436, "ORG"], [691, 701, "ORG"], [744, 751, "PRODUCT"], [820, 823, "CARDINAL"], [840, 862, "PERSON"], [885, 896, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2814, "text": "I had some hope of meeting you here & benefiting by your local knowledge & good advice re B. Assoc. Meeting in 1850 but Mr G. Ransome is gone to Rotterdam (his brother Henry dead) & no tidings of you. If this reaches in time, pray oblige if you can, Col Sabine & your friend the writer, by coming up to attend the Council of the Association 2 Dicks St Adelphi at 1pm on Friday next the 20 th. We shall certainly want advice in this crisis. Ever yours truly | John Phillips", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[111, 115, "DATE"], [120, 133, "PERSON"], [145, 154, "PERSON"], [168, 173, "PERSON"], [250, 262, "ORG"], [310, 359, "ORG"], [363, 366, "TIME"], [370, 376, "DATE"], [386, 388, "CARDINAL"], [459, 472, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2815, "text": "I think I may relieve you of the apprehension of any trouble in the approaching medical Examination, as I do not think there is likely to be any Candidate who has not already passed the Examination in Botany— Next Monday is the last day on which notice can be sent me of the intention of any Candidate to offer himself for Examination & if there should be any who have not been already examined by you I will give you the earliest intelligence of it Believe me | yours truly |H J H. Bond", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[88, 99, "ORG"], [145, 154, "ORG"], [186, 197, "ORG"], [201, 207, "GPE"], [209, 220, "DATE"], [224, 236, "DATE"], [323, 336, "ORG"], [478, 487, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2816, "text": "I beg to acknowledge with many thanks your kind Present of incrustations &c rec’d by the Cambridge Coach last Week whilst I was in Oxford & together with my thanks I now beg to forward to you an uncoloured sheet of Greenough’s Map of the Eastern Counties requesting you to have the kindness to correct the Errors & Omissions you were mentioning the other day particularly the small Portions of Chalk & to return the Map with your Corrections to Mr Greenough at the Geological Society. I saw Mr Greenough yesterday & informed him of your kind offer for which he feels exceedingly obliged as he is now busily occupied in preparing a new Edition of the Map. He will be further obliged by your communicating your Corrections to Him as soon as possible. You are probably aware of the enormous insulated masses of Chalk that lie in the Gravel on the Coast at Cromer– have you noticed anything of this kind in Suffolk or Essex? Mrs Buckland who is with me in London unites in kind regards to Mrs Henslow With my Dear Sir| yours very truly | W. Buckland", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[105, 114, "DATE"], [131, 139, "ORG"], [215, 224, "GPE"], [302, 324, "ORG"], [345, 358, "DATE"], [382, 401, "ORG"], [416, 419, "PERSON"], [461, 483, "FAC"], [491, 503, "PERSON"], [504, 513, "DATE"], [635, 653, "PRODUCT"], [903, 910, "GPE"], [914, 919, "GPE"], [952, 958, "GPE"], [1032, 1045, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2817, "text": "I am really ashamed when I look at your unanswered letter & see it dated the 11 th January.– As I doubt whether I should be able to offer an apology at all satisfying to you, tho’ it may be somewhat soothing to my own conscience, I shall keep it entire for application in that quarter where its virtues are most likely to be medicinal, (for to say truth they are not strong enough to bear division) & shall proceed directly to answer, as this I can, your queries– We have in the Botanic Garden here about 11½ Scotch acres. The Scotch acre is one fifth, or one 6 th–, I forgot which, longer than the English. We have one range of nursing pits, I believe about 70 feet long; one range 15 feet high in the back wall, & 15 wide, & 100 long, divided equally with three houses, viz a stove & two green houses; & lastly we have a range of 4 detached houses, the two nearest the centre are I think 50 feet long each, 18 feet in the back wall, 7 feet in the front & 18 feet wide, & the two at the ends are each ab. t 40 feet long I think 15 feet in the back wall, & the two first of these 4 Stoves 5 feet long in the front, the width 18 feet– The two first of these 4 stoves, the others greenhouses. This, excepting some hot beds, is all the glass we have:– a great deficit is the want of two loftyhouses, the one for green house, the other for stoveplants. The fixed salary of the Curator is £100; he has besides some fees from the students attending my lectures, which vary with the number of these, but may be taken at £50– The number of under Gardeners varies with the season. We cannot afford a sufficient number, but ought not to have less than 12.– The Botanic Garden is Royal Property, partly supported by the Crown, partly by the Incorporation of the City, & in great part I am sorry to say out of my own pocket. The whole allowances made to me are £444 per annum & we are starving, tho’ I subscribe, to prevent our going to ruin, ab t £200 per annum– I hope these answers to your queries will be thought by you sufficiently explicit. I shall have singular satisfaction in explaining to you every thing in detail when we visit the Garden itself, after our first trip together to the highlands– Believe me yours most truly | Rob. t Graham", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[77, 79, "CARDINAL"], [272, 284, "DATE"], [384, 406, "ORG"], [475, 493, "FAC"], [527, 533, "ORG"], [542, 551, "CARDINAL"], [556, 559, "CARDINAL"], [599, 606, "LANGUAGE"], [616, 619, "CARDINAL"], [653, 666, "QUANTITY"], [673, 676, "CARDINAL"], [683, 690, "QUANTITY"], [727, 730, "CARDINAL"], [758, 763, "CARDINAL"], [786, 789, "CARDINAL"], [832, 833, "CARDINAL"], [855, 858, "CARDINAL"], [890, 897, "QUANTITY"], [909, 916, "QUANTITY"], [935, 941, "QUANTITY"], [957, 964, "QUANTITY"], [977, 980, "CARDINAL"], [1009, 1016, "QUANTITY"], [1030, 1037, "QUANTITY"], [1081, 1082, "CARDINAL"], [1090, 1096, "QUANTITY"], [1126, 1133, "QUANTITY"], [1139, 1142, "CARDINAL"], [1158, 1159, "CARDINAL"], [1281, 1284, "CARDINAL"], [1302, 1305, "CARDINAL"], [1374, 1381, "PRODUCT"], [1386, 1389, "MONEY"], [1515, 1517, "MONEY"], [1539, 1548, "ORG"], [1565, 1571, "DATE"], [1633, 1645, "CARDINAL"], [1648, 1666, "FAC"], [1670, 1684, "ORG"], [1710, 1715, "ORG"], [1851, 1854, "MONEY"], [1939, 1942, "MONEY"], [2133, 2139, "LOC"], [2158, 2163, "ORDINAL"], [2218, 2229, "PERSON"], [2233, 2239, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2818, "text": "I write to remind you that we hope to have the pleasure of seeing you here on Wednesday next, or early as you can make it convenient to come to us. I enclose the railway time-table. The Betchworth station is close to within 200 yards of your gate & within half a mile of the house. But it would be better for us to know by what train you may probably come, so that if it should be raining, or the ground wet, we may send a carriage to meet you. I do not know whether Miss Henslow is still in the neighbourhood of London, but whether she is or not Lady Brodie desires me to offer her compliments to her, & to say how much additional pleasure it will afford her if she will accompany you. I hope that you may be able to stay a day or two so that we may have the opportunity of shewing you our county. Always Dear Sir | yours faithfully |B C Brodie", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[78, 87, "DATE"], [186, 196, "LOC"], [224, 233, "QUANTITY"], [256, 267, "QUANTITY"], [472, 479, "PERSON"], [513, 519, "GPE"], [725, 728, "DATE"], [732, 735, "CARDINAL"]]}
+{"id": 2819, "text": "It would be better I think to use ‘Lithology’ for Mineralogy on your first slip page – and Paleontology to include Botanical & Zoological Divisions – I shall send you some hints J. Phillips", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[69, 74, "ORDINAL"], [115, 147, "ORG"], [178, 189, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2820, "text": "I am much obliged for the favour of your letter, for the flattering terms in which you speak of my son and for your kind attention in sending the copies of the extracts from his letters. We are all sensible how much Charles owes to you his success and the great advantage your friendship is to him. He feels and speaks of it. I thought the voyage hazardous for his happiness but it seems to prove otherwise and it is highly gratifying to me to think he gains credit by his observation and exertion. There is a natural good humored energy in his letters just like himself. Dear Sir very faithfully your obliged R W Darwin", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[216, 223, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2821, "text": "If you will be so good as to send me 3 Receipts for the 3 libraries I will forward you the sum of 47..5/- after having deducted 2/6 for the man who collects the money for Mr Audubon. The receipts should be made out for the \"Public library\" - \"The Fitzwilliam Museum\" - & the \"Phlilosophical Socy\" - £15..15.. for each - enclose them, directed to The Secretary of the Philosophical Society Cambridge I remain Sir Yr obedt Serv J. S. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[37, 38, "CARDINAL"], [56, 57, "CARDINAL"], [98, 100, "CARDINAL"], [102, 105, "CARDINAL"], [128, 131, "CARDINAL"], [171, 181, "WORK_OF_ART"], [243, 270, "WORK_OF_ART"], [276, 295, "WORK_OF_ART"], [300, 302, "MONEY"], [304, 306, "CARDINAL"], [364, 399, "ORG"], [413, 415, "PERSON"], [422, 440, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2822, "text": "I am very much obliged to you for listing to me the particulars of poor Ramsay’s death. The report reached me at Birmingham on my way home, through Thackeray, where I met him, & though it was too circumstantial to admit of much doubt I could not help clinging to the hope that it might be false till the newspaper & then your letter which was sent after me put an end to all doubt of the melancholy truth – I believe none of us will feel this great loss so deeply as you will, I hope we may any of us bear it as well & as much like Christian men as I know you will To me the blank his departure leaves is so very painful a one that I have hardly yet trusted myself to dwell on the thought of it. We were united by so many common pursuits & … & I owe to him so much of what was good & agreeable at Cambridge that I cannot hope my personal loss will now be repaired to say nothing of so abrupt & unlooked for a close to long habits of intercourse & friendship which was continually becoming more intimate– But we may not confine our regret for a man like Ramsay to the loss we ourselves feel of his society - & of his many admirable qualities or to our own private grief at being parted for a time at least from a dear & valued friend: The university; & indeed society at large can ill spare such men: in very few shall we find such a body of real worth, such an unpretending fulfillment of duty, so kindly & social a spirit, so much of the strength which is in quietness & confidence[.] I have long looked on his character with admiration, & with increasing admiration, because I could perceive continual improvement by patient self discipline & by the faithful use of associated means - Others may not have been so clearly aware of this but I have no doubt that you who have known him longer & more intimately than I have are still more convinced of its truth. And it must lighten our grief – for though we see with sorrow & at first with a sort of painful surprise a source of much substantial good & of much innocent enjoyment to very many, so suddenly cut off yet then a light breaks through the cloud & we may perhaps in this case see though darkly what we do in all most undoubtedly believe, that so it is best both for him & for us. That it is so for him requires no effort of faith to feel assured of. God grant that we may fulfil his fatherly intentions to his word &make it so for ourselves by submitting in a childlike spirit to Him & to all his other dispensations even though they should be still more painful to our human feelings – so I would pray to feel – but I am conscious of infinite weakness & I positively dread returning to Cambridge where the forceful associations will renew the sense of loss at every turn. Indeed I must confess though will firstly say this argues anything but patience that my first strong impulse was not to return at all. I hope M. rs Henslow is now well again & that you have been led to think too depressingly of your brother. Pray remember me very kindly to her & give a kiss to little Fanny & Louisa Ever My Dear Henslow | your affectionate Friend | W. Worsley [P.S.] Since leaving Bowood where we spent two months agreeably & I hope not altogether unprofitably I made a little tour on my way into Yorksh. Whither your letter followed me-", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[72, 78, "PERSON"], [113, 123, "GPE"], [148, 157, "GPE"], [532, 541, "NORP"], [797, 806, "GPE"], [933, 957, "ORG"], [1053, 1059, "PERSON"], [1234, 1258, "ORG"], [1619, 1644, "ORG"], [1928, 1933, "ORDINAL"], [2095, 2109, "ORG"], [2225, 2237, "ORG"], [2439, 2444, "ORG"], [2646, 2655, "GPE"], [2820, 2825, "ORDINAL"], [2874, 2887, "PERSON"], [3034, 3053, "ORG"], [3097, 3109, "PERSON"], [3131, 3137, "PERSON"], [3153, 3163, "DATE"], [3247, 3253, "ORG"]]}
+{"id": 2823, "text": "You have learnt from my sister the afflictive dispensation with w. h it has please God to visit us – I can say with an assurance of being fully understood when I say to you – that such a friend & such a brother is not often the object of human grief – I feel most deeply – but on looking back on the past much appears of a pleasing character & many things call for my gratitude & praise to almighty God. Of these the chief is the lately increasing seriousness of my brother. He came into it gradually & happily – much of his conversation took a serious turn & his Bible was a constant companion – Now allow me to say that I have frequently remarked how much your influence under God contributed to this – yes! I say it without hesitation that I perceived the influence of your pious & judicious Christian sentiments on all occasions Oh Henslow he was much attached to you he loved you he admired you & he learned from you. I have been much pleased in hearing from my sister of the serious turn his conversations took here & that not at all in the anticipation of his end, for he never thought himself in danger & indeed the medical man never thought of danger till within 24 hours of his death – He was certainly ill when I was at Cambridge – & the organic disease had commenced its effect – but who could have anticipated so rapid a progress of that fateful work – I am desirous of availing myself of your kind advice – & perhaps you can direct me how to proceed. I would willingly spare myself the pain of a visit to Camb: but if necessary of course I must not hesitate. I will not find any unnecessary tax upon your time & your friendship & look rather for your advice & direction – He made a mem: of his disposition of effects & I believe I am left his executor. I know he left me his books – I have been talking with my mother & sister about what little remembrance of him you would like to possess. We all agree that you shall be requested to take his chimney piece clock for that purpose – Let me request of you to remove it at once & when you look at it you will think of a friend – a more sincere & a more attached one no man ever possessed– Dear Henslow believe me | yours sincere. & affect. l | E.B.R–", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[564, 569, "WORK_OF_ART"], [795, 804, "NORP"], [833, 843, "ORG"], [1172, 1180, "TIME"], [1231, 1240, "GPE"], [1519, 1523, "PERSON"], [2151, 2163, "WORK_OF_ART"]]}
+{"id": 2824, "text": "A thousand thanks for your two letters and the lists that accompanied them. Although I had some of the names mentioned in them already in my own catalogue and on good grounds too, of course I am glad to receive the confirmation afforded by their being now found in yours. We seem to going on pretty well - Here, however, I have been able to do nothing - I did hope to get to windward of Cripps for his 2d. vote but in vain. He seems determined to give it to Bankes. The vicar does the same with his, and says that we owe to the Duke of W. entirely his promising the first to Ld. P. The other clergymen of the place are vote-less, if I except Siverwright of Trinity who may be by this time an elector, although not now a star in the Inclose. I know nothing about him, but that I constantly see him in Anticatholick company. I leave this place tomorrow, and shall be in Cambridge about the 20th. or 21st. If you can afford me another bulletin this week, merely put Revd. A. Carrighan Committee room, and I shall be sure to get it. Hole is still alive, & at the present moment a very little easier; but I imagine his case is a desperate one - kind rememberances to all friends, ever yrs Carrighan, A.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[2, 10, "CARDINAL"], [27, 30, "CARDINAL"], [387, 393, "PERSON"], [402, 404, "CARDINAL"], [566, 571, "ORDINAL"], [575, 577, "PERSON"], [657, 664, "ORG"], [842, 850, "DATE"], [868, 877, "GPE"], [888, 892, "ORDINAL"], [897, 901, "DATE"], [941, 950, "DATE"], [969, 991, "ORG"], [1134, 1137, "CARDINAL"], [1184, 1193, "GPE"]]}
+{"id": 2825, "text": "The bustle last week of setting off for Florence my daughter & her son & Maid who have been staying three months with me, left an accumulation of matters to attend to, which have prevented me from sooner thanking you for the Reports you have kindly sent me. I have read them with great interest & pleasure, & warmly congratulate you on the success of your labours not only in the striking improvement in the cultivation of the allotments but in the moral feeling of your parishioners by the removal of the load of “hesitation, doubt, prejudice & ill will” which beset your first attempts, & which would have discouraged any man of less energy than yourself. The only drawback is your inability to continue the railway excursions which were so charming a feature of your plans for giving enjoyment to your young flock. If £5 from me next year will assist your “Recreation Fund” to carry out one of these excursions, you shall be very welcome to this slight aid, & I will thank you to inform me when the time comes how your fund stands. What a contrast the awakened intellect, excited interest & gratified success of your flock, old & young, with the mere animal existence & sheer stupidity of the great bulk of our peasantry! My son who has been staying a week with Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton at his seat Knebworth Herts, & two other visitors having one day taken a long walk & missed their way, enquired of a plough lad the nearest cut to Knebworth of which he knew nothing & showed such utter doltishness that they could not help laughing outright, on which he burst into a violent fit of crying & roaring. Poor fellow! This feeling showed he had in him a sparkle of the gem of [illeg] sense. But alas he had no kind friend like you to clear away the rubbish & bring it into daylight. I am | my dear Sir | yours very truly | W. Spence", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[11, 20, "DATE"], [40, 77, "ORG"], [100, 112, "DATE"], [822, 823, "CARDINAL"], [832, 841, "DATE"], [860, 875, "WORK_OF_ART"], [890, 893, "CARDINAL"], [1145, 1178, "ORG"], [1253, 1259, "DATE"], [1269, 1289, "PERSON"], [1302, 1317, "ORG"], [1321, 1324, "CARDINAL"], [1347, 1354, "DATE"], [1437, 1446, "NORP"], [1822, 1833, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2826, "text": "I have just returned from Ireland where I had conversation on Geo Ransome affair with Forbes and from what he says I have some hope that the imputation may yet be removed from his character. I most ardently wish it may be so. I have not heard from him or of him since the receipt of your note, but he has scarcely been absent from my mind since that period & I am most anxious to know what further has transpired & whether any thing favourable has turned up. Pray write me a few lines at your convenience. I wish I could aid him in any manner but I confess I do not see how I could. He has moral influence & worldy wisdom enough in Ipswich if that would do it I cannot bring myself to believe that he is guilty of that which he has been charged but I fear that in trying to escape from lesser evils he has fallen into the advance of the greater one & has so entangled himself as to render his release difficult but I hope not hopeless. You will I am sure excuse my thus troubling you but I cannot help feeling deep regret & much anxiety regarding this painful affair I remain | My Dear Sir | yours most truly | J. S. Bowerbank", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[26, 33, "GPE"], [62, 73, "PRODUCT"], [86, 92, "PERSON"], [632, 639, "GPE"], [845, 848, "CARDINAL"], [1109, 1126, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2827, "text": "As I have ventured, in my application for the Registrarship, to appeal to my published writings “as affording evidence of scholarly attainments and logical training at least equal in validity to that of an Academical degree” I beg to call your attention to the testimony upon the point with which I have been favoured by three Gentlemen whose competency as judges cannot be questioned, and who speak from intimate acquaintance with my principal works. To this I have thought it well to add the unsolicited expression of opinion as to my services to Medical Science and Literature, which has recently appeared in a Journal of high repute in the Profession, and altogether beyond any influence of mine. Believe me to be, dear Prof. H. yours faithfully | William B. Carpenter", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[321, 326, "CARDINAL"], [549, 579, "ORG"], [614, 621, "ORG"], [644, 654, "PRODUCT"], [750, 772, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2828, "text": "Sir W. Hooker remarks that he should like to see the model before deciding to purchase for his mus. but does not seem to like the idea of its not being of the full size, & only in the young state, & not a cast. All points which occurred to me also. That he mentions a fact which I think ought to be made known to you, & I cannot consider it a breach of confidence in giving you his own words - \"I am sorry to see Baron Ludwig spoken of there, as having been employed by the Duke of Devonshire to collect for him in S. Africa. Baron L., whose portrait you may have seen in my study, is the Sir Joseph Banks of that region, though of humble origin. His fine garden he throws open to visitors as Kew is open: & those magnificent Cycadeae were sent unasked as a present to the Duke, doubtless hoping for a few plants in return for his own collection:- but the good Baron never received a Plant nor a thank! - & probably no fault of the Duke\" Excuse me, if I have taken too great a liberty in extracting this sentence - but it would be a pity if a copy of your programme should reach the Baron under the circumstances of the case, & I think you might feel annoyed if he were to reply to it. Believe me very truly Yrs J. S. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[4, 13, "PERSON"], [419, 425, "PERSON"], [470, 492, "LOC"], [515, 524, "GPE"], [526, 534, "PERSON"], [593, 605, "PERSON"], [693, 696, "PERSON"], [726, 734, "PERSON"], [884, 889, "PRODUCT"], [1208, 1225, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2829, "text": "There is no immediate hurry for any comments or suggestions about Botanical Apparatus. The List will go to Press now very nearly as it is but it can be altered from time to time, say every three months. So that when ever you can help us with hints towards a definite system of teaching, or towards a complete set of apparatus, we shall be glad to avail ourselves of what you recommend. When next I come to Hitcham I will challenge all the Parish to Trap Ball & beat them all Rector included. I am practicing…. hours a day for the purpose yours very truly |F. Temple", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[66, 85, "PERSON"], [183, 201, "DATE"], [406, 413, "GPE"], [475, 481, "PERSON"], [510, 515, "TIME"]]}
+{"id": 2830, "text": "I went over to Hardwick on Wednesday to inspect the work at Sir Thos Cullums and I am happy to inform you there is not the least symptom of any part of our patent stone having been affected by the frost– The efflorescence with [sic] you have noticed is entirely due to the free sulphate in the soda–and I know of no way of removing it but by washing out– I scraped a large quantity of it off and dissolved in water–when I found it exhibited alkaline reaction– I then added a little acid & no effervescence took place neither was any silica precipitated. I afterwards added a little Baryta water where a milky white precipitate immediately showed itself–– clearly proving the presence of sulphate to a large amount– I noticed a few lengths of the coping which exhibited a little scaling– this arose from imperfect workmanship owing to the men having floated some soft material over the face without thoroughly incorporating it with the mass– I have ordered the whole of the Terrace to be well scraped & brushed which will remove all the efflorescence and I do not think any more will present itself– With my best thanks for your many repeated acts of Kindness | Believe me My dr Sir | ms faithf– yours | Fredk Ransome–", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[15, 23, "ORG"], [27, 36, "DATE"], [64, 76, "PERSON"], [582, 588, "PERSON"], [1150, 1177, "ORG"], [1182, 1193, "PERSON"], [1201, 1216, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2831, "text": "Stratton was with me last night to talk over Garden matters, & among others I mentioned having learnt from more quarters than one that an important rule laid down by the Syndicate was habitually broken, by some of the servants accepting fees– It seems to me that the practice might be effectually stopped & the scandal suppressed, by having 2 or 3 printed boards placed about the garden, with the regulations here enclosed– He does not like to do this without, your sanction, & I have promised to write to you. There used to be a notice in the old garden, & such practice is common in all such gardens, to the effect that no one is allowed to carry off specimens without the consent of the Curator– This might be advantageously added to the rest– I know for certain that persons are prevented visiting the Garden, & especially the houses, so often as they would wish to do, from the keen look out for a gratuity which not directly asked for is sufficiently solicited by look & manner to be very unpleasant to them– I return home on Saturday – & may fairly say I never before have had so attentive a class– Ever y rs truly | J S Henslow Enclosure: Clipping from a printed sheet, with autograph emendations. the Garden is open daily (Sundays excepted) to all graduates of the University; to all undergraduates giving their name and college, if required; and to respectably dressed strangers, on condition of giving their name and address if required. Servants with children, children by themselves, and persons accompanied by dogs are excluded. The Plant-houses may be visited from One till Four. No fees are allowed to be received by any of the attendants , & visitors are particularly requested never to offer any.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[0, 8, "PERSON"], [21, 31, "TIME"], [45, 62, "ORG"], [107, 120, "CARDINAL"], [341, 342, "CARDINAL"], [346, 347, "CARDINAL"], [970, 983, "ORG"], [1032, 1040, "DATE"], [1212, 1218, "LOC"], [1227, 1232, "DATE"], [1234, 1241, "DATE"], [1276, 1286, "ORG"], [1582, 1585, "CARDINAL"], [1591, 1595, "CARDINAL"]]}
+{"id": 2832, "text": "It is extremely desirable that it should be clearly ascertained whether Sir Watkin Williams Wynn has or has not a vote. He is coming a great way to his great inconvenience and it would not be fair to make him to do this without avail. If Sir Watkin has a vote, it is not easy to say why Sir Culling Smith has not and he would also give it for Ld. Palmerston. I shall feel greatly obliged by an answer on this point as early as you can completely clear it up. I remain Dear Sir Yrs very faithfully Law Sulivan", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[76, 96, "PERSON"], [242, 248, "PERSON"], [291, 304, "PERSON"], [343, 357, "ORG"], [477, 480, "PERSON"], [497, 508, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2833, "text": "If there were any doubt about the matter, the Hitcham Easter sheet you have been so good as to send me, would at once prove that Prof. r Bell was quite right when he called yours a model parish, for how few could show such a numerous list of beneficent institutions, in addition to your legion cultural horticultural & Botanical ones, & scarcely one I fear a “Recreation fund”. This happy mixture of recreation with sciences, & the whole carried out by your own zealous affects, I have always regarded as a feature of your parish peculiar to it & which may well be offered to all your Clerical brothers as a pattern that cannot be too closely followed in theirs, & I rely on you informing me when the time comes what your excursion plans are, that I may have the pleasure of offering my aid. Your decision to decline accepting the Norwich invitation was I think right, but it would be most desirable that at Norwich, Ipswich, Harwich &c the friends of this harmonizing plan of giving in Summer a day’s happiness to the Hitcham children, would provide them with refreshment of tea & cakes, as their contribution towards the far greater share of the trouble & expense taken by yourself. I am | my dear Sir | yours very truly | W. Spence", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[46, 60, "FAC"], [137, 141, "PERSON"], [831, 838, "PERSON"], [908, 915, "GPE"], [987, 999, "DATE"], [1019, 1026, "GPE"], [1223, 1234, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2834, "text": "I am most glad to be allowed to reciprocate your friendly mode of address. The fewer formalities the better among those who heartily esteem & sympathize with each other— I must ask you to rewrite your Report according to the accompanying formula; as the Reports are preserved, folded together uniformly. You seem to have had but a poor lot this time; I fancy that some of your country girls would have beaten the young gentlemen hollow— When you are up again next week, I shall ask you what you would like me to bring for you from Arran. I shall go down with a great armamenture, and can pretty well ensure a good many things which the Museum at Ipswich may be glad of; but I should be glad also to serve you, by any contributions I can make to your own collection of Nat. Hist. objects. yours most truly | William B. Carpenter", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[459, 468, "DATE"], [531, 536, "GPE"], [632, 653, "ORG"], [807, 827, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2835, "text": "Many thanks for your kind letter of the 7 th April. I expected before this time to have answered it in a more substantial way than by a letter; but for this month past I have been over head and ears among Algae and Salices, and I fear to begin any thing else before I complete my labour, and ere long I must go to Glasgow to work for a short while with my friend Hooker, and go with him to the Highlands: I scarcely intended to have accompanied him this season having too much to do at home but having primed myself on the willows, I wish to explore on the Breadalbane range, and not allow my hardgained knowledge to pass with vapour which certainly would happen if I postponed till another year. But I dare say you will have no objections to a few of our Highland species if I can name them, for I don’t think our friend Graham has any wish to interfere with me on that head. out a catalogue further than by saying that excepting the plants found in Scotland I am extensively deficient in British specimens Upon looking at your list of desiderata of Salix there are I think a few that I shall be able to give you - and in return I would have no objections to receive a few complete specimens of S. triandra, S. pentandra in fruit, S. fragilis, S. helix, and what you find as S. repens, all of which I see you don't wish to have sent you. With regard to S. fragilis and Russelliana, I almost expect a hoax. What I find about Edinburgh has all narrow leaves and therefore ought to be S. Russelliana. When it grows in a very wet place it is not fragile, but when in a dry place the branches break at the axils at the slightest touch, and all intermediate states of brittleness are to be observed. My observations reduce the species in Smith to about 40! And of these there are several that must have been introduced and are no more strictly indigenous than Mimulus guttatus which is now abundant in many places away from houses. Some of your desiderata of other plants I hope to be able to give you but I might do it more easily were foreign specimens to be accepted. With regard to your kind offer to (supply?) me specimens of such I require to complete my British series, I feel excessively obliged to you. I scarcely know however how to mark out a catalogue, further than by saying that excepting the plants found in Scotland I am extremely deficient in British specimens. A few I may point out: Thalictrum minus in flower and fruit!!! (I suspect the characteristic plant is very different from the Scotch one, which last may be a var. of Th. majus), Anemone pulsatilla, Ranunculus hirsutus, arvensis & parviflorus; Delphinium consolida. Papaver hybridum!!, Nasturtium (all but No. 1), Camelina sativa, Isatis tinctoria, Brassica rapa, napus. Sinapis nigra, alba, Viola flavicornis, lactea, Saponaria officinalis, Arenaria tenuifolia, Cerastium semidecandrum! (what new race in Scotland has the capsule not longer than the calyx, and is a var. of C. tetrandrum). Linum perenne, Medicago minima!, Trifolium ochroleucum, subterraneum, Ervum tetraspermum!, Poterium sanguisorba, Sanguisorba officinalis, Pyrus torminalis, communis & malus (wild specimens). Myriophyllum verticillatum, Callitriche autumnalis of your Cat.e. Ceratophyllum demersum in fruit. Lythrum hyssopifolium,Sedum sexangulare, Caucalis daucoides and latifolia, Torilis infesta!!, Pastinaca sativa, fruit & flower, Bupleurum tenuissimum!! and rotundifolium, Pimpinella magna, Sium latifolium!!, Sison amomum, Oenanthe No. 1, 3, 4. Galium palustre!, erectum! , and tricorne! Cineraria 1 & 2. Inula (all), Gnaphalium luteoalbum, Matricaria chamomilla!, Carduus acanthoides, Cnicus pratensis & eriophorus, Centaurea solstitialis & calcitrapa,Sochus palustris!!, Lactuca 2 & 3, Chondrilla mur., Barkhausia foetida, Helminthia echioides, Hieracium murorum and sabaudum & umbellatum of your Cat.e., Hypochoeris 1 & 3; Prismatocarpus hybridus, Monotropa hypopytis!!, Erythraea pulchella (a few specimens), Cuscuta (both - for I suspect we have 3 species in Britain), Myosotis arvensis of Cambridgesh., Linaria 3 & 6, the varieties. Limosella aquatica!, Orobanche elatior, minor; Melampyrum crist., Teucrium scordium, Mentha 2, 3, 4, 10, 12, 13; Lysimachia 3; Centunculus min.!!, Statice reticulata!, & limonium: Chenopodium and Atriplex, all of them if named and in fruit: Rumex 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 (this genus I do not understand). Thesium linophylla. Euphorbia 3 and varieties, 13: Hydrocharis morsus-ranae; Butomus (for it is not wild in Scotland and is now extirpated). Potamogeton compressum (the true one), and pusillum; Orchis ustulata, pyramidata: Herminium monorchis; Ophrys apifera! and aranifera!!; Neottia spiralis; Epipactis palustris; Malaxis loeselii & paludosa; Ruscus aculeatus in fruit. Ornithogalum pyren. Allium oleraceum; Colchicum aut. Juncus 8; Acorus calamus!;Typha angustifolia, Sparganium simplex: Cladium mariscus!, Eleocharis multicaulis (I have not yet found it). Blysmus compressus ( a few specimens); Carex 10, 11, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, 42, 48B, 50, 52, 53, 54, 56 if named and in good state. Calamagrostis 1 & 2; Agrostis 3 & 5;Phleum 5; Alopecurus 5 and var B. Avena fatua, Bromus 2, 5, 7, 8, 9. Lolium 2, 3: Hordeum 2 and 3!; Lemna 4 (but all of them if in flower or fruit). Chara 6, 7. Now you see how very imperfect my British collection is, and even I have only selected the above from what are found in Cambridgeshire. Yet of nearly every one I have foreign specimens. Many thanks to you for wishing me to pay you a visit – but it is impossible this year. In addition to my Botanical occupation, I am building Farm-offices at my place in the country and must not be far distant. Besides if I were at Cambridge, I dared not return without fulfilling my promise of visiting Dawson Turner at Yarmouth, and Mr Borrer at Henfield the first time I am in the south, and I cannot accomplish that this year. Believe me | very truly yours | G A Walker Arnott", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[40, 41, "CARDINAL"], [45, 50, "DATE"], [152, 162, "DATE"], [205, 210, "GPE"], [314, 321, "GPE"], [363, 369, "ORG"], [394, 403, "GPE"], [557, 568, "GPE"], [683, 695, "DATE"], [756, 764, "LOC"], [822, 828, "PERSON"], [952, 960, "GPE"], [991, 998, "NORP"], [1052, 1057, "PERSON"], [1233, 1244, "PERSON"], [1246, 1254, "GPE"], [1277, 1286, "PERSON"], [1355, 1366, "PERSON"], [1371, 1382, "PERSON"], [1426, 1435, "PERSON"], [1484, 1498, "GPE"], [1734, 1739, "PERSON"], [1743, 1751, "CARDINAL"], [2157, 2164, "NORP"], [2319, 2327, "GPE"], [2356, 2363, "NORP"], [2501, 2507, "NORP"], [2541, 2543, "PERSON"], [2594, 2616, "ORG"], [2618, 2628, "ORG"], [2660, 2670, "ORG"], [2684, 2685, "CARDINAL"], [2688, 2703, "PERSON"], [2705, 2721, "PERSON"], [2723, 2731, "ORG"], [2766, 2783, "PRODUCT"], [2793, 2802, "LOC"], [2816, 2835, "PERSON"], [2837, 2846, "ORG"], [2880, 2888, "GPE"], [2949, 2962, "PERSON"], [2980, 2995, "PERSON"], [3056, 3076, "PERSON"], [3078, 3089, "GPE"], [3103, 3137, "ORG"], [3184, 3195, "ORG"], [3277, 3282, "WORK_OF_ART"], [3296, 3304, "NORP"], [3330, 3337, "NORP"], [3426, 3436, "ORG"], [3463, 3468, "PERSON"], [3477, 3492, "ORG"], [3493, 3494, "DATE"], [3496, 3497, "DATE"], [3517, 3524, "PERSON"], [3532, 3540, "PERSON"], [3542, 3557, "PERCENT"], [3595, 3605, "GPE"], [3640, 3669, "ORG"], [3671, 3706, "ORG"], [3707, 3723, "PERSON"], [3727, 3734, "ORG"], [3742, 3752, "ORG"], [3759, 3769, "GPE"], [3801, 3818, "ORG"], [3823, 3833, "ORG"], [3861, 3878, "ORG"], [3880, 3894, "PRODUCT"], [3905, 3914, "PERSON"], [3928, 3937, "PERSON"], [3967, 3974, "PERSON"], [4005, 4006, "CARDINAL"], [4018, 4025, "GPE"], [4049, 4060, "GPE"], [4063, 4070, "PERSON"], [4114, 4123, "ORG"], [4140, 4150, "GPE"], [4178, 4186, "GPE"], [4188, 4189, "DATE"], [4191, 4192, "DATE"], [4194, 4196, "DATE"], [4198, 4200, "DATE"], [4202, 4204, "DATE"], [4206, 4216, "PERSON"], [4240, 4247, "PERSON"], [4289, 4297, "PERSON"], [4334, 4344, "ORG"], [4346, 4347, "DATE"], [4349, 4350, "DATE"], [4355, 4356, "DATE"], [4421, 4422, "CARDINAL"], [4438, 4440, "CARDINAL"], [4442, 4453, "GPE"], [4468, 4475, "PERSON"], [4499, 4507, "GPE"], [4532, 4543, "PERSON"], [4635, 4641, "ORG"], [4668, 4675, "ORG"], [4686, 4695, "GPE"], [4707, 4734, "ORG"], [4736, 4742, "NORP"], [4801, 4810, "NORP"], [4823, 4824, "CARDINAL"], [4862, 4872, "DATE"], [4901, 4923, "PERSON"], [4951, 4958, "PERSON"], [4990, 4995, "ORG"], [4996, 4998, "CARDINAL"], [5000, 5002, "DATE"], [5004, 5006, "DATE"], [5008, 5010, "DATE"], [5012, 5014, "DATE"], [5016, 5018, "DATE"], [5020, 5022, "DATE"], [5024, 5026, "DATE"], [5028, 5030, "DATE"], [5032, 5034, "DATE"], [5036, 5039, "DATE"], [5041, 5043, "DATE"], [5045, 5047, "DATE"], [5049, 5051, "DATE"], [5053, 5055, "DATE"], [5057, 5059, "DATE"], [5122, 5132, "DATE"], [5134, 5146, "ORG"], [5151, 5163, "PERSON"], [5171, 5179, "ORG"], [5181, 5182, "DATE"], [5184, 5185, "DATE"], [5187, 5188, "DATE"], [5190, 5191, "DATE"], [5200, 5201, "CARDINAL"], [5203, 5204, "CARDINAL"], [5214, 5215, "CARDINAL"], [5220, 5221, "CARDINAL"], [5224, 5231, "PERSON"], [5273, 5280, "PERSON"], [5282, 5283, "CARDINAL"], [5319, 5326, "NORP"], [5405, 5419, "GPE"], [5547, 5556, "DATE"], [5702, 5711, "GPE"], [5774, 5787, "PERSON"], [5791, 5799, "GPE"], [5805, 5814, "PERSON"], [5831, 5836, "ORDINAL"], [5890, 5899, "DATE"], [5931, 5934, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2836, "text": "Tho' we have not many votes to boast of today, there are numerous applications in circulation which will I hope soon tell. I enclose a list which I hope you will be able to complete for me without thinking that I am giving you unnecessary trouble, although I am perfectly aware that much of what I ask can be gradually picked out from other sources. I am using my utmost endeavour to have a list which is critically correct, and I feel that without this we are losing many votes in a cause which will not admit of one being neglected. I am Dr Sir Yours faithfully Law Sulivan Pray return the enclosed when complete to myself", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[0, 3, "ORG"], [40, 45, "DATE"], [514, 517, "CARDINAL"], [547, 552, "PERSON"], [564, 580, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2837, "text": "I return the list with localities added to those species which were without them— The concluding part of my “Mollusca” — with the Index, is in print, & will be published this month I suppose— I hope you will find time to look at the Chapters on Distribution — as I have collected all the mem a containing poor Forbes’ views, & those of his immediate circle of friends who shared those views. Yours sincerely | S.P.Woodward", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[109, 117, "WORK_OF_ART"], [170, 180, "DATE"], [229, 257, "ORG"], [310, 316, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2838, "text": "On reaching home I find a letter from Sedgwick on a subject which appears to have been grossly misrepresented to you, & I think the enclosed letter will set in its proper light. Not long since Sedgwick wrote to me forwarding a letter which had a bearing on the subject of Owen & the Telerpeton, & which gave a very different version of the adventure as you had heard it. I asked him to make some enquiries of Hopkins & other members of the Council without naming me as his informant & ascertain from them the sinews of the case. Hopkins furnished him with these letters, & he allows me to copy them & Ann has just done so & I send them. They clearly exonerate Owen of every such imputation as some person, in ignorance or malice, has cast upon him - & I think it will be no more than common justice to show any person inclined to believe the slander this positive evidence in disproof of it. I was rather suprised after what you told me that Owen should have returned to show himself at Belfast - & certainly he would be unfit for society if the facts had been as asserted to you. Who was your informant I do not know, but he ought to be undeceived, if deceived he is. The charge that he acted surreptitiously in obtaining his descriptions, & that he asserted he took them from another specimen than Mantells, are clearly disproved or explained away by these letters to Hopkins. I am afraid there must be some pique or rancour against Owen in certain quarters which has induced I know not whom to misrepresent facts this grossly & the least we can do is strenuously to rebut such charges seeing how completely they are disproved. Show the letter at once to Thomson who, for one, has received the same impression, & who is no more likely than yourself to wish to be prejudiced against anyone unjustly. We got back apparently untired Ever affecty yrs J .S. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[38, 46, "PERSON"], [193, 201, "PERSON"], [272, 282, "ORG"], [409, 424, "ORG"], [440, 447, "ORG"], [529, 536, "PERSON"], [660, 664, "PERSON"], [942, 946, "PERSON"], [987, 998, "ORG"], [1300, 1308, "ORG"], [1370, 1377, "ORG"], [1435, 1439, "PERSON"], [1657, 1664, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2839, "text": "I did send you the List of the Committee (re typorum) viz Henslow, Phillips, Jardine, Babington (E Forbes), Balfour, Owen Hooker, Bowerbank, Berkeley, Johnston (Berwick), Huxley, Lankester. (£10. at dispatch of first-named. I very much wish to send suggestions, but we are just lifting masts & setting sail for the Puy de Dôme, 3 weeks abroad, & I really can not settle my mind to any thing else at present— It is quite in my mind to do so. Indeed it is necessary to do so. Perhaps we could meet at Glasgow in a Committee? Ever yours truly | John Phillips", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[15, 40, "WORK_OF_ART"], [67, 75, "PERSON"], [77, 84, "GPE"], [86, 95, "GPE"], [108, 115, "PERSON"], [117, 128, "PERSON"], [130, 139, "ORG"], [141, 149, "GPE"], [151, 159, "GPE"], [161, 168, "PERSON"], [171, 177, "PERSON"], [179, 188, "PERSON"], [192, 194, "MONEY"], [211, 216, "ORDINAL"], [311, 326, "FAC"], [328, 335, "DATE"], [499, 506, "GPE"], [512, 521, "ORG"]]}
+{"id": 2840, "text": "Two years daily suffering from a puncture in one of my fingers in which I had the misfortune to receive from a patient some morbid virus, has reduced me to a mere skeleton, & much lessened my ardor for Science; if it should however please God to restore me to a numerous Family & to my Friends I trust I shall be able to conform to the wishes expressed in your kind letter by furnishing plants for your Museum — If you will have the kindness to furnish me with a list of your desiderata I would endeavour either thr o friends or by other means to procure next summer the peculiar rare ones in this County— Enclosed I send a few duplicates which I hope will prove acceptable, they are chiefly Yorkshire specimens & collected by myself— As it respects any of the rare plants about Cambridge, I should be glad for our Phil: Soc y to possess one or two species described by the late Mr. Relhan. I think they were Orchideæ probably now they cannot be procured— I could have sent a few more plants but observe you possess them already my Friend Curtis having figured them in his valuable work— With best wishes for your success I have the honor to be your obd Sevt | John Atkinson", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[0, 15, "DATE"], [202, 209, "ORG"], [555, 566, "DATE"], [598, 604, "GPE"], [692, 713, "ORG"], [779, 788, "GPE"], [815, 819, "PERSON"], [838, 841, "CARDINAL"], [845, 848, "CARDINAL"], [883, 889, "PERSON"], [909, 917, "PERSON"], [1039, 1045, "NORP"], [1154, 1174, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2841, "text": "The long missing volumes came safely back to me on Saturday last thro’ some channel or other, & I thank you for sending them. —I thought I had been always very careful in putting up your full share of plates belonging to the Botanical half of the Annales des Sciences, but on the return of several vols. of my half which I had sent to be bound, there came back loose one Botanical plate, which I suppose had escaped my eye, but which the binder had found: it is 3 rd Ser. Tom. 9. pl. 12; therefore just see if that plate is missing in your set (for possibly it may be a duplicate) & if so I will take care that it is forwarded in the next parcel.— You said of the plant, I sent you some time back to name,— it is “Melissa (not Melittis) grandiflora”, without referring me to any authority;— consequently my puzzle is not altogether closed, as I find in Babing. Man. (at least 1 st Edit. for I have not got 2 nd) both these names, standing as genera,— Melissa (sp. officinalis 2.) p.231,— & Melittis (not Melissa)— sp. melissophyllum, of which grandiflora of Smith is made a variety: I presume you meant this last to be my plant, but if so, you & Bab. don’t agree about Genera.— I now send you another plant, which George, as much as myself, wishes to know about— as it came up of its own accord in the Flower Garden at the Hall amid a bed of some annual or other which he had sown: it is very succulent & has the habit of a water plant, without anything about it to attract the notice of a florist, there being no flower that is at all conspicuous, but seeming to pass from a state of bud to that of seed (of which there is plenty) by the spitting or shedding of something a diphyllous calyx somewhat resembling in the fresh state the calyfera of a moss: it seems to be more nearly allied to Peplis portula than to any other of a British plant, but I presume it is a foreign. I am still without having found a Curate yet to take my parish during the winter, though I have made every possible inquiry, & in all quarters, short of advertising, — a step I am very unwilling to have recourse to, except driven to it. Our plans therefore are still undecided, but as I fully hope & trust to make some arrangement before long, & as in the event of our being away 6 months, I shall be put to a considerable expence, I am afraid I must deny myself the Birmingham expedition, & save all I can, till it is wanted to meet more pressing calls.— Yours affly | L. Jenyns. P.S. Is the journal of D r Hooker’s travels & route, of which I have seen some printed nos, to be bought, & if so— what is the exact title, & who is the publisher?— Date of letter inferred from the date of the Birmingham meeting of the British Association", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[51, 59, "DATE"], [243, 267, "ORG"], [310, 314, "CARDINAL"], [367, 370, "CARDINAL"], [462, 463, "CARDINAL"], [472, 475, "PERSON"], [714, 721, "PERSON"], [727, 735, "PERSON"], [853, 859, "GPE"], [906, 907, "CARDINAL"], [951, 958, "PERSON"], [976, 977, "CARDINAL"], [1058, 1063, "GPE"], [1169, 1175, "PERSON"], [1214, 1220, "PERSON"], [1298, 1315, "FAC"], [1319, 1327, "FAC"], [1792, 1806, "PERSON"], [1830, 1837, "NORP"], [1910, 1916, "ORG"], [2006, 2018, "DATE"], [2256, 2264, "DATE"], [2343, 2353, "GPE"], [2444, 2455, "PERSON"], [2457, 2461, "PERSON"], [2667, 2677, "GPE"], [2689, 2712, "ORG"]]}
+{"id": 2842, "text": "I called in the Museum of Pract l Geology the other day & brought away the box you so kindly left there for me and now write to thank you for the contents— You will be sorry to hear that I found the poor Saxon urn in a state of collapse— I have however succeeded in restoring it though hardly in so perfect a manner as you had originally done— The model of the urn with the inscription is exceedingly good— I have not however arrived as yet at the meaning of the inscription— In fact I have hardly as yet had time to examine it, as last night all my spare time was devoted to the rebuilding of the Saxon urn & the night before I had to give a Mech’s Institute Lecture. The stone axe from the Sandwich Islands is very peculiar in the shape of its cutting-edge, but I have one from the Orkneys as nearly as may be of the same shape— A day or two ago I met with a splendid Saxon relic— a circular plate about 3. in diam. r similar to a fibula but apparently intended for attaching to leather— It is of copper strongly gilt ornamented with five bosses of mother of pearl each set with a garnet and with the field all betwisted and beplaited as the Saxons knew how to twist and plait— [ink sketch of plate] This will give you some idea of it—It is in perfect preservation & was I believe found in Cambridgeshire. I am going down to the land of Saxon Antiquities tomorrow to spend a day or two at Audley End with Lo. Braybrook and Albert Way— I have never seen his collections—and expect to be much pleased— I had a letter from McGunn the other day who had been at Hoxne and found one of the flint implements in the bank close to the road at a depth of 9 or 10f t. I daresay you have heard of or from him— M. rs Evans desires to be kindly remembered as also does Miss Stewart who is getting up the natural system very diligently— Believe me | yours very sincerely | John Evans.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[12, 41, "ORG"], [204, 209, "ORG"], [532, 542, "TIME"], [643, 647, "NORP"], [688, 708, "GPE"], [784, 791, "GPE"], [831, 847, "DATE"], [870, 875, "ORG"], [900, 907, "CARDINAL"], [912, 916, "GPE"], [1036, 1040, "CARDINAL"], [1292, 1306, "GPE"], [1339, 1356, "ORG"], [1357, 1365, "DATE"], [1377, 1380, "DATE"], [1384, 1387, "CARDINAL"], [1391, 1401, "PERSON"], [1407, 1409, "PERSON"], [1425, 1435, "PERSON"], [1522, 1528, "PERSON"], [1559, 1564, "ORG"], [1575, 1578, "CARDINAL"], [1647, 1648, "CARDINAL"], [1700, 1705, "PERSON"], [1706, 1711, "PERSON"], [1762, 1769, "PERSON"], [1858, 1870, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2843, "text": "On getting home from Kew last night I found yr letter. I never stated that I heard that Owen had stolen any thing beyond the \"priority of description\" of the Telerpeton (sic) (= Tulerpeton), & had backed his claim by somewhat more that an equivocation. The story told me (so far as I have looked in my memory) was this. Somebody sent to Mantell (for his express use & description, through Lyell) the unique specimen in question. Lyell, in confidence, showed this to Owen, intimating at the time that Mantell was to describe it. Owen was stated to have been seen surreptitiously examining the fossil, after it was sent to the Geol. Soc. & when called on for explanation by the Council, declared he had drawn up his account from another specimen but would not say where this was to be found. I heard all this from Hooker, when naturalists of repute were present & it was admitted as a notorious fact. But may regard this as strictly confidential, for if the story is founded on misapprehension I should be very sorry to have been the means of carrying it to you without naming me, you can ask Hopkins & other members of the Council what passed at the meeting when Owen is said to have made his refutation, & been accused of unfair dealing - & if you ascertain the statements to be untrue, I shall be very glad to undeceive Hooker & through him whoever were his informants & may have been falsely impressed with these ideas. It is grievious enough to find how O. was prejudiced against Mantell, without supposing he could be guilty of so mean a proceeding. But really one hears so many tales, that it is necessary to be extremely cautious among the London Naturalists - lest some of them be no better than fancies prompted by jealousy and ill humours. We expect Mrs Hooker to come here in about 3 weeks & remain til her confinement is over in Feby. She seems remarkably well at present - her summer trip having given her quite a fillip. I have just been subpoened to another Coprolitic trial Lawes v. Batchelor - & be hanged to them -for 16th Decr is my wedding day. All well here. Ever affy yrs J. S. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[21, 24, "PERSON"], [25, 35, "TIME"], [88, 92, "PERSON"], [160, 170, "LOC"], [172, 175, "ORG"], [180, 194, "ORG"], [391, 396, "GPE"], [431, 436, "PERSON"], [468, 472, "PERSON"], [502, 509, "PERSON"], [530, 534, "PERSON"], [627, 631, "LOC"], [678, 685, "ORG"], [814, 820, "ORG"], [1125, 1132, "ORG"], [1165, 1169, "PERSON"], [1324, 1332, "ORG"], [1460, 1462, "PERSON"], [1486, 1493, "PERSON"], [1649, 1667, "ORG"], [1762, 1772, "PERSON"], [1789, 1802, "DATE"], [1843, 1847, "ORG"], [1892, 1898, "DATE"], [1975, 1985, "LOC"], [1992, 1997, "ORG"], [2001, 2017, "ORG"], [2038, 2042, "ORDINAL"], [2097, 2110, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2844, "text": "I am not sure about your Worm you sent. But the usual bloodred worm found in Stagnant Water is the Summerwormer of Monfet Insecty.325 described by Trembley Blyth 98-99 105 147 to f2 Bonnet Insectology y 208 to f2q.10 Butere Polypes 62 May Nat Hist (Loudons) v.387 VIII 620 The Lumbricus tubifex Muller Soenurus tubifex Hoffmeister Tubifex ramulosum Lamk They have four rows of very very short bristles not [illeg] in your dry specimen I should like some in a Bottle of Spirit – Examine them well in a Microscope fresh as Dr Differs about the bristles & [illeg] &c Yours very truly | J E Gray", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[77, 91, "WORK_OF_ART"], [95, 121, "FAC"], [147, 161, "PERSON"], [162, 164, "CARDINAL"], [179, 206, "WORK_OF_ART"], [217, 234, "WORK_OF_ART"], [269, 272, "CARDINAL"], [295, 310, "PERSON"], [331, 338, "PERSON"], [364, 368, "CARDINAL"]]}
+{"id": 2845, "text": "I am much obliged to you for the paper you sent me – It will afford me some useful hints for extending my own plan of laying before the Parish our Club acs/- which I have been in the habit of doing for some years past every Easter – I forgot whether I ever sent you a copy before, & so enclose the last for 1846, as I have not yet made out the ac/- for 1847 – I like the idea of publishing the Collections for Queen’s letters & Sacrament fund – and to my own I can add the receipts of our Benefit Club, Medical Club, & the money expended from our Town Land Charity. We are probably a very different style of parish from Oxley – mostly small farmers & not one resident gentleman – a pretty general objection prevails to much schooling, & a universal one to allotments – I am very fond of carrying on business by Tickets, & send you three, which I think you have not seen before, which will explain themselves – This sort of interchange of plans may often be mutually instructive – I must look at the B.hp of Norwich’s Book named by you – I have engaged to give an opening address to the Ipswich Museum on the 6th & have also a lecture in hand from our Hadleigh Farmers’ Club on the Geographic distribution of Alimentary Plants, which are engaging all my spare time just now to get them ready – Believe me very truly & faithfully yours J. S. Henslow P. S. one of the farmers yesterday sent a male Reed Bunting to know what it was – It was in winter plumage – & another today brought me a large mass of Quartzvein attached to sandstone. – The registration of such events wd. certainly tell in illustration of the matters unusual in particular districts–", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[258, 268, "DATE"], [308, 314, "PRODUCT"], [419, 423, "DATE"], [456, 460, "ORG"], [493, 497, "DATE"], [530, 555, "WORK_OF_ART"], [699, 711, "ORG"], [872, 877, "ORG"], [1119, 1126, "ORG"], [1167, 1172, "CARDINAL"], [1399, 1406, "PERSON"], [1502, 1520, "ORG"], [1552, 1566, "ORG"], [1599, 1615, "ORG"], [1657, 1667, "ORG"], [1684, 1701, "ORG"], [1838, 1861, "PERSON"], [1877, 1886, "DATE"], [1899, 1911, "ORG"], [1972, 1978, "DATE"], [1999, 2004, "DATE"], [2060, 2070, "ORG"]]}
+{"id": 2846, "text": "By todays Eastern Counties Railway you will [illeg] Miller's \"Schools & Schoolmasters\" & Karr’s \"Tour round my Garden\" which we were talking about at the Linnean Club & of which I beg your acceptance. The idea of Karr’s book is not amiss if it had been better worked out, but it has too much sentiment (how truly to note the beginning if written the loves of spiders!) & has many mistakes showing the writers Natural History is second-hand, as indeed is proved by the silly tirade, (borrowed apparently partly from Bonnet (?),), against scientific names. I also beg your acceptance of “B [illeg]’s Life” which as the Revision may have deterred you from enquiring for, I hope you will glance over on my recommendation or at least the first 100 pages. These are valuable tho' the history of a [illeg], as a genuine picture of Middleclass life in the Northern States, showing how truly “the Child is father of the Man” nationally as well as individually, & that the low moral sense of a large proportion of Americans, their eagerness to seize on Cuba, their sympathy with Register(?) are the natural fruits of the System of Trickery & dishonesty generally prevailing in spite of strict religious professions with which they can very nobly reconcile them, as a Bar [illeg] does his daily study of the Bible with his lies & swindling. His book, too, shows (& this is my main reason for forwarding it) how sadly they have wanted teachers like yourself to offer them substitutes for these [illeg] “practical jokers” always including falsehood & the love of giving pain, - their only [illeg] (except “Religious Revivals”!) for the [illeg] excitement then will have in some shape or other. Pray when writing to your Secretary, direct him to send me an account of what I owe for my annual subscription to the Ipswich Museum which seems to be some years in arrears. If you want funds for your proposed Natural History Society, I shall be happy to subscribe a pound a year I am My dear sir Yours very truly W. Spence [JSH: W. Spence, Entomologist | the Kirby & Spence]", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[10, 34, "PERSON"], [52, 58, "PERSON"], [62, 85, "WORK_OF_ART"], [151, 172, "ORG"], [215, 219, "GPE"], [411, 426, "ORG"], [430, 436, "ORDINAL"], [517, 523, "GPE"], [735, 740, "ORDINAL"], [741, 744, "CARDINAL"], [846, 865, "LOC"], [1006, 1015, "NORP"], [1045, 1049, "GPE"], [1071, 1079, "PERSON"], [1280, 1285, "DATE"], [1299, 1304, "WORK_OF_ART"], [1596, 1614, "WORK_OF_ART"], [1798, 1816, "ORG"], [1835, 1845, "DATE"], [1894, 1917, "ORG"], [1981, 1986, "ORG"], [1998, 2007, "PERSON"], [2009, 2012, "PERSON"], [2014, 2023, "PERSON"], [2038, 2058, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2847, "text": "I am to blame & not Annie for neglect in letting you know of the safe arrival of your second kind present. The fact is we have no means of sending to Bury except on Wednesdays & when the carrier enquired for the hamper it had not arrived - & did not till after he had left. So we had to wait another week, & I told Anne I would write when it had turned up at Bury & the bottles were safe in the cellar. You know how occupied minds are apt to forget even such bounden duties as acknowledging presents & will not wonder that altho' it crossed my mind several times to write the occasions were inconvenient & procrastination prevailed. I dare say you will forgive me. Many thanks for attending to Anny's wants & I assure you finds benefit from the physic - which is retained exclusively for her use. I am grieved to hear how weak your digestion must be & the ill consequences that ensue. I find I can't get thro' so much sedentary work as I used to do without dispeptic attacks - but when I take a proper amount of exercise & recreation I can still digest any thing & everything. But I am foolish in often sitting up too late & walking too little - & then my nervous system sets awry & gets my digestive secretions out of order - but I must not grumble at what is so purely my own fault. I find the new arrangements will give me 7 weeks instead of 5 for lectures which I am glad of, as I shall be less hurried & have alternate days for extra work. John Brown of Stanway lately sent me some decomposing vegetable matter from a bed 50 feet below clay which is either Till, (I suppose) more probably re-drifted Till. In this bed he finds remains of Elephant and Rinoceros (near Colchester). He begged me to look at it as he fancied he had found seeds. I examined a piece 1/2 the size of my thumb & picked out about 100 seed vessels & seeds with little bits of beetles & leaves of moss. Some of the seed vessels are very perfect, others much decomposed, but clearly seed vessels, their stalks attached. It takes me too much time to persue the plan I adopted for separating these fruits- I spent six hours over the essay. But when Miss Doorne returns to Hitcham after the holidays I shall set her to work & in a few days I dare say she will separate a few hundred. I have taught her to dissect minute fruits & seeds, & she is preparing such matter for sale, as she has to seek her own livelihood. She does enough (I think) to secure about 3/- for a days work. If you like to venture such a sum for what she can secure from a mass of the Pleistocene peat I'll give her the job as I shall have to give her one for Mr Brown. Nearly or quite one half the mass seems to be small seed vessels - apparently of Juncus, Veronica, perhaps Rumex & other marshy plants. By securing a great many specimens I dare say several forms will be ascertainable. If ever you want minute objects neatly stuck down the aforesaid Miss D. will do it very reasonably to her heart's content. Yrs affecly J .S. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[20, 25, "ORG"], [86, 92, "ORDINAL"], [150, 154, "GPE"], [165, 177, "DATE"], [292, 304, "DATE"], [315, 319, "PERSON"], [359, 365, "ORG"], [694, 708, "ORG"], [1326, 1333, "DATE"], [1345, 1346, "CARDINAL"], [1394, 1408, "ORG"], [1445, 1455, "PERSON"], [1459, 1466, "FAC"], [1521, 1534, "QUANTITY"], [1643, 1667, "ORG"], [1672, 1682, "PERSON"], [1765, 1768, "CARDINAL"], [1803, 1812, "CARDINAL"], [1874, 1878, "GPE"], [2088, 2097, "TIME"], [2128, 2134, "PERSON"], [2146, 2153, "PERSON"], [2202, 2212, "DATE"], [2242, 2255, "CARDINAL"], [2425, 2434, "CARDINAL"], [2439, 2445, "DATE"], [2529, 2540, "ORG"], [2695, 2701, "GPE"], [2703, 2711, "GPE"], [2721, 2728, "ORG"], [2897, 2904, "PERSON"], [2956, 2981, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2848, "text": "I feel that I have been guilty of great omission in not having sooner written to thank you for your last letter, — in which you expressed so much sympathy with me in respect of my late severe loss.— You were also good enough to ask me to Hitcham, where, however, I could not well arrange to go at present.— I have been intending a letter to you almost every day for the last month,—but have been so much engaged with moving into my new house, where, as you see above, I am now located; I have scarce had time to think of anything else.— The fatigue & labour of transferring all one’s effects even without distance is very great, & in my case was more troublesome than it would be to most persons from the extent of my library.— You know also how naturalists gradually accumulate collections & apparatus, & a multitude of articles more or less connected with their pursuits, which the rest of the world neither possess nor care anything about. (I should be sorry indeed to have to pack up & move even to the next parish all the multifarious contents of your study.) — I am happy to say I have got everything conveyed safely, — and am beginning to settle down in my new abode, which promises to be very comfortable after a time when I shall have been able to set things to rights. — The house has been entirely done up afresh from the top to bottom, — & is both convenient in itself and in its situation.— It is very cheerful & airy, with a splendid panoramic view of Bath from the upper windows.— Neither is it without a garden, — both before & behind, tho’ the former is of course small.— I shall not stop to put everything in its place, — before going away for a change, which, after so much harassing work of late, coming close upon my first trial, — I feel to need very much.— I intend next week, going to Ampney, where I shall probably remain during August.— After that I may probably visit the Georges at Anglesea, who want me to come that way, — unless I accompany some of the Daubenys to the sea. — I cannot conveniently go Eastward this year, but hope nothing will stop me from really getting to Cambridge another year, if all is well, during the time of your lectures. I am sorry I was not able to meet you & D r Hooker at the Botanic Garden at Oxford during the week of the Association, but it was quite out of the question under the circumstances.— I congratulate you on the birth of another grandchild, & hope Amy & her little one are both going on well. Pray give her, as well as Louisa, my love and say that I had both their letters, & was glad to find what I had sent them proved acceptable. — I wish I could hear of Louisa being stronger & in better health, than she was reported to be in a letter from your sister to Elizabeth, when she wrote to announce Amy’s confinement.— I see in the List of publications in the Athenaeum “Henslow & Skepper’s Flora of Suffolk”: —who is your coadjutor in this work, whose name I never heard of?— Has not Babington also been doing something with the Flora of Cambsh?— I hardly know what.— Believe me, your’s affectionately | L. Jenyns.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[238, 245, "GPE"], [1738, 1743, "ORDINAL"], [1789, 1798, "DATE"], [1809, 1815, "ORG"], [1854, 1860, "DATE"], [1899, 1906, "GPE"], [1910, 1918, "GPE"], [1983, 1991, "PERSON"], [2031, 2049, "DATE"], [2104, 2113, "GPE"], [2114, 2126, "DATE"], [2232, 2250, "FAC"], [2254, 2260, "ORG"], [2268, 2283, "DATE"], [2422, 2427, "ORG"], [2493, 2499, "ORG"], [2632, 2655, "ORG"], [2734, 2743, "PERSON"], [2772, 2775, "PERSON"], [2829, 2861, "ORG"], [2864, 2880, "ORG"], [2958, 2967, "PERSON"], [2999, 3018, "PERSON"], [3076, 3087, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2849, "text": "I have only just returned from fetching Mrs H. from London. I had not time before leaving home to write – I see that J. H. Brewer’s work is out – I mentioned my wish to subscribe to it. If he will be so good to forward my copy by post & let me know the expence of work & postage I will send him a P. O. order. Many thanks for your good address to the Members of the Reigate Mec. Inst– I am glad to see how much we agree, of on the advantages that are likely to accrue from the study of Nat. history – I carried over to Ipswich last Tuesday my head botanist (just 14 yr old) to be examined for a pupil teachership – & when we got there she said she had seen (by the roadside 3 plants she had never found in Hitcham – I told her to stop me as we returned & point them out – which true enough she did, & got out of the chaise & gathered them – & told me their Orders tho’ she was of course ignorant of their names – you have probably seen that I am sending a series of articles to the G.C. on the plan I have pursued in giving our Village Children a little insight into Botany. A friend 8 miles off [had/has?] taken it up also – & I have proposed that we bring our respective botanists acquainted by an interchange of visits & so have a Village botanical match at each others habitats Yrs very truly J. S. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[40, 46, "PERSON"], [52, 58, "GPE"], [145, 157, "PERSON"], [409, 414, "PERSON"], [474, 489, "ORG"], [723, 735, "DATE"], [759, 764, "MONEY"], [926, 927, "CARDINAL"], [958, 965, "GPE"], [1346, 1350, "GPE"], [1487, 1493, "GPE"], [1504, 1511, "QUANTITY"], [1801, 1814, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2850, "text": "On returning the Ed.R. to Sedgwick I write thus- \"You have so pencilled it that I have ventured to direct your attention (in a soft pencil easily rubbed out) to a few passages which seem to justify an opinion held by the leading Naturalists of London respecting the Author, vis. that he has a theory of his own to be matured, & is vexed at having been somewhat forstalled. Whether such an idea be right or wrong I can't say, but there are sentences which look wonderfully like private pique, & some that are certainly irrelevant, & unnecessarily sneering: seeing how far the Author really does agree with the idea of succession by modification (in some way or other) of successive generations. Tho' I don't believe C.D. has solved the problem, it is very clear that O. is looking forward to its solution, & apparently that he is to be the solver. If it be in the power of Man to solve it I hope he will, but in the mean time I think he need not be quite so supercilious upon an honest, hardworking, & painstaking fellow labourer. I am told this article has lowered O's reputation for fairness in the eyes of some eminent Naturalists who studiously avoid, as much as they can, mixing themselves up with the \"Odium scientificum\" if such an expression be allowable\". I appended the following notice to the scribble board, & read it out & hung it up. \"Gentlemen are requested not to scrawl or scribble on the dissecting boards. An unlimited supply of \"Foolscap\" is at the service of any one who is obliged to have recource to these expedients for keeping awake: or, perhaps, the backs of the schedules may answer the purpose.\" L.M.H. has heard from illeg F. this morning Ever Yrs affects J. S. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[17, 19, "PERSON"], [229, 250, "ORG"], [266, 272, "GPE"], [274, 278, "GPE"], [575, 581, "PERSON"], [715, 719, "GPE"], [1450, 1458, "WORK_OF_ART"], [1626, 1632, "ORG"], [1670, 1678, "PERSON"], [1687, 1700, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2851, "text": "I am playing truant here for a few days in order to take into my system a sufficent quantity of oxygen to prepare me for the impure atmosphere of the Hs of Cms on Thursday. I worked up my time however by anticipation as I sat up writing letters the whole of the night before I left London not having quitted my chair from eight o'clock in the evening till ten the next morning. I send you a batch of votes most of which I believe are new to you. These make my number amount to 458; including Sir H. D. Hamilton. He is a Whig & being in the country answers my letter probably without knowing how his party mean to go, but I have no doubt we shall have him; perhaps he may wish to consult the D of Gloucester & if so that will do us no harm. I send you a list which I have made out of persons who are probable or possible votes pray look it over & correct it by adding or striking out. The best thing I can do is I think to write myself to all such persons in preference to anything else. I send you some more returned letters. I shall be in Town again in a couple of days & hope before that to have to report further progress. I suppose it is quite certain that Sir Charles Coote of Triny has lost his vote; if he still has one it is mine. My dear Sir Yrs sincerely Palmerston I have written to Pack of the Temple and Brett of Corpus", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[29, 39, "DATE"], [146, 159, "LOC"], [163, 171, "DATE"], [258, 267, "TIME"], [282, 288, "GPE"], [322, 335, "TIME"], [343, 350, "TIME"], [356, 359, "CARDINAL"], [360, 376, "TIME"], [477, 480, "CARDINAL"], [496, 510, "PERSON"], [520, 526, "ORG"], [687, 708, "ORG"], [1054, 1070, "DATE"], [1165, 1178, "PERSON"], [1182, 1187, "GPE"], [1251, 1254, "PERSON"], [1265, 1275, "PERSON"], [1317, 1322, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2852, "text": "Lord P. is gone out of town and his letters are sent after him; so that we have no materials for a bulletin in this place. Watson is here and writing letters for us. Dover says he will not vote at all.Should he change his mind it might be in our favour. George Heald, of Trinity, Kings Counsel, will certainly not vote at all - we have had him canvassed by his most intimate friends. I am greatly concerned at our not having the Senr. Wrangler, but cannot be sorry that the young Tailor has triumphed. I have no letter from you today with the promises for the reason mentioned in the outset of my letter. In haste yours A.C. If you or Mrs Henslow have any commissions send them up and I will execute them before Friday", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[0, 7, "PERSON"], [123, 129, "PERSON"], [166, 171, "PERSON"], [254, 266, "PERSON"], [271, 278, "ORG"], [280, 293, "PERSON"], [429, 433, "GPE"], [435, 443, "PERSON"], [528, 533, "DATE"], [620, 624, "PERSON"], [639, 646, "PERSON"], [712, 718, "DATE"]]}
+{"id": 2853, "text": "As Mr Lork of Trinity is so kind as to offer to convey for me the accompanying packet of plants I shall not let the opportunity pass of thanking you for two packets which I have received since I last wrote to you & which I have not had any opportunity of acknowledging since. I always keep a packet with your name on it, & whenever any duplicates happen to occur turn up which I think you wd. like to possess I put them in it, & there they remain till an opportunity occurs of sending them— I should like however for you to specify those which you may be anxious for & which grow about here, as my guide at present is to consult your Flora, & I may perhaps be able to get some which you wd. like even though found mentioned there is Eriophorum pubescens has long been extinct in the habitat mentioned in Relhan, the fen having been drained – I can not satisfy myself that the Galium you were so good as to send me as G. Witheringii it is any thing but a variety of G. palustre – If you have a duplicate I should like a specimen for further comparison – Can you furnish me with good specimens of Melica nutans & Juncus acutus? I intend to follow your example & print a list of my desiderata next year which I will send you, but Any of ye. local species will be acceptable. I subjoin a list of the specimens sent & have placed a (D) against those in your printed list of desiderata – Y rs. very truly | J. S. Henslow Primula vulgaris & var α (elatior) on the same plant Lysimachia nummul. a. Cuscuta Epithm. Dianthus Caryoph Arabis turrita Althæ officinalis––– D Verbascum Lychnitis Ajuga Chamæpitys Conyza squarrosa Scirpus acicularis Asperula cynanch. Thesium linoph. Scutellaria minor Lonicera caprifol. Sison segetum Verbascum pulverul. Melampyrum cristat. Hydrotictyon reticulatum (conferva retic.) Neottia spiralis Sonchus palustris Rubia perigrina––– D Iris fœtidissima––– D Scilla autumnalis Valeriana rubra––– D Cistus guttatus––– D Alisma natans––– D Verbascum Blatt. ––– D Bromus erectus ––– N.B. You do not mention Bupleurum Arenaria integrifol. Rotundif. in yr. Flora, tho' I have a Spartina stricta specimen from Norton D. given me by Bupleurum rotundifol. Mr J. Hogg", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[3, 10, "PERSON"], [14, 21, "ORG"], [153, 156, "CARDINAL"], [634, 644, "ORG"], [733, 743, "PRODUCT"], [804, 810, "GPE"], [876, 882, "GPE"], [917, 931, "PERSON"], [965, 976, "PERSON"], [1095, 1101, "GPE"], [1109, 1117, "ORG"], [1190, 1199, "DATE"], [1292, 1312, "ORG"], [1399, 1414, "PERSON"], [1416, 1440, "ORG"], [1469, 1479, "PERSON"], [1510, 1518, "NORP"], [1619, 1626, "PERSON"], [1638, 1654, "PERSON"], [1672, 1683, "ORG"], [1690, 1698, "ORG"], [1709, 1741, "PERSON"], [1806, 1813, "ORG"], [1823, 1840, "PERSON"], [1841, 1846, "PERSON"], [1862, 1866, "ORG"], [1884, 1890, "PERSON"], [1902, 1911, "GPE"], [1921, 1929, "PERSON"], [1944, 1950, "PERSON"], [1963, 1978, "PERSON"], [1986, 1992, "PERSON"], [2006, 2010, "PERSON"], [2030, 2048, "PERSON"], [2061, 2069, "PERSON"], [2078, 2083, "PERSON"], [2099, 2107, "LOC"], [2130, 2136, "ORG"], [2137, 2139, "NORP"], [2152, 2161, "PERSON"], [2177, 2184, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2854, "text": "I thank you for your letter and your information respecting the Election. I have settled with Charles to accompany him down to Cambridge and therefore you may depend upon me; but for particular reasons I have decided and wish to give my 2d vote to Copley & I cannot therefore give Ld. P a plumper. This my chief object of writing as I thought you would wish to know what I meant to do. I expect a tremendous collection of voters. People indeed seem to look forward to the Election with extraordinary interest. Minny sends her love & thanks to Harriet for her letter - Our Nursery is quite well - hope yours the same - Believe me Yours sincerely in haste G. Jenyns", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[94, 101, "PERSON"], [127, 136, "GPE"], [237, 239, "CARDINAL"], [248, 258, "ORG"], [543, 550, "PERSON"], [654, 663, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2855, "text": "I go to Cambridge on Monday, & will mention the subject of a coloured copy – I believe the usual plan at the Library is to pay the difference between a coloured copy & the uncoloured one to which they are entitled – except in some rare cases where they take in the work at their entire expense – I shall be happy to take in an uncoloured copy for myself – shall I do this thro' my Book-seller at Hadleigh, or will you prefer that any N os should be left at my Brother’s chambers in London? I saw that the Galapagos may plants contained many curious things, from the very cursory look I took at them – I wish I could have devoted my attention to them – but on leaving Cambridge I left behind me opportunities for consulting books & herbarium, & entered upon a line of occupation which leaves me no time for working hard at Botany – I have no doubt you will do your work well, & that the botanical world will feel itself under great obligation to you – With kind regards at Kew | believe me | very truly y rs | J. S. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[8, 17, "GPE"], [21, 27, "DATE"], [396, 404, "ORG"], [460, 467, "GPE"], [482, 488, "GPE"], [505, 514, "LOC"], [822, 828, "GPE"], [972, 995, "FAC"]]}
+{"id": 2856, "text": "I thank you for your ever friendly sympathy. In relation to our venerable friend I have no doubt you know more than I do. I always fancied the fear of losing money was the greatest cause of the alienation of the other affections. You are aware (perhaps not) that the consistency of my Museum is preserved; but what is to me of infinitely greater worth, I preserve my own. No one has said more than I have on the impropriety & frivolity of gathering up things without an object, & then dispersing them for profit, or in the necessity of death. I have always openly repudiated this narrow minded & trading spirit so universal & I should stand reproved were I to permit what is entirely scientific to go to feed the capricious taste of selfish collectors, by a public auction. Also, for the same reason, I at once rejected the liberal offer of £3000 made by my friend L. d Londerburgh. The collection must now be preserved; but I regret we could not have a place built for it in the City. What a pity it was none of the rich and “fat and greasy Citizens” had friends to tell them how they might have got credit by saving it when it was found! Dr Gray seemed glad to get the Wasps’ nest. I am much obliged by the printed paper. It is very soothing to see a clergyman thus mixing in offices of kindness & instruction with his parishioners. It is a noble contrast to the low pride that keeps them generally to their own little circle, floating in a position undefined, unsatisfactory & inconsistent. Believe me, | my dear Sir, | your’s very truly, | C Roach Smith", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[285, 291, "ORG"], [842, 846, "MONEY"], [865, 881, "PERSON"], [980, 984, "GPE"], [1042, 1050, "ORG"], [1171, 1176, "PERSON"], [1289, 1311, "ORG"], [1463, 1492, "ORG"], [1546, 1557, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2857, "text": "[JSH has written ‘a sterophone’] I shall be very thankful for the larvae from the capsules of Chlora perfoliata, but having started on my pilgrimage to Aberdeen, I should be glad if you would keep them for me till my return on the 24 th inst. I have often looked for larvae on the Chlora but never found any. I was glad to see the programme of your next gathering Yours very sincerely | H. T. Stainton", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[1, 4, "ORG"], [94, 100, "GPE"], [152, 160, "GPE"], [231, 233, "CARDINAL"], [237, 241, "ORG"], [385, 401, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2858, "text": "It has this day only come to my knowledge that you have an Idea of joining our Party in Oxford on Monday next, & that Mrs Henslow will do us the favor to accompany you, & I lose not a moment in writing to say that it will afford the greatest pleasure to Mrs Buckland & myself if you & your Lady will occupy a vacant Bed Room in our House in Christ Church during the Period of your stay in Oxford. Mr & Mrs Airy & Professor Sedgwick will also be with us & we expect them all to arrive on Monday next Believe me |yours very truly |William Buckland", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[7, 15, "DATE"], [79, 84, "ORG"], [88, 94, "ORG"], [98, 104, "DATE"], [118, 129, "PERSON"], [254, 268, "ORG"], [316, 324, "PRODUCT"], [332, 337, "ORG"], [389, 395, "ORG"], [397, 431, "ORG"], [487, 493, "DATE"], [499, 506, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2859, "text": "I am much obliged by the inspection of the Norway Grous's Herbarium - which has amused myself & others to whom I have shown it. Some of the specimens were gone before it came into my possession. I know Price very well, & often correspond with him. As my friend Darwin (who also knows Price) is much interested by accounts of the various manners in which the seeds of plants are dispersed, when I next write to him, I will tell him of Price's method of ascertaining how much & what Grous can carry off in his prop. I once received some black barley which had been raised from grains taken from the crop of a Canada goose shot as it was flying from far north across the northern part of Canada. My kind regards to your sister & brothers when you see them & believe me very sincerely Yrs J. S. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[39, 57, "ORG"], [261, 267, "PERSON"], [284, 289, "PERSON"], [434, 439, "ORG"], [607, 613, "GPE"], [685, 691, "GPE"], [781, 798, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2860, "text": "I scarcely know whether you will have heard or not before this reaches you, of the visitation which it has pleased God to send me. So little indeed has passed between us for many weeks, almost months, — that you may not have been aware of Jane’s increasing illness up to the time of her being taken from me early in the morning of yesterday.— I wrote to Elizabeth yesterday asking her to communicate the sad intelligence to yourself & Louisa, but lest there should have been an omission in her part, for she has been very poorly herself & had several other letters to write, — I determined to send you a few lines today that you might not be left in ignorance of what has occurred.— I should say Jane’s health had been more than usually failing since the winter, the severity of which pulled her down a great deal. For about ten days previous to her death she kept her bed entirely; — & though I was quite aware she was not likely to recover,— it was conceived by the medical men who attended her that she might have continued many more weeks. In this, however, they were wrong. A great change showed itself on Saturday afternoon, & on Sunday it was more apparent that her end was near. She expired 10 minutes after midnight, i.e. early on Monday morg. She did not suffer much at the last, & had all her faculties about her up to within two or three minutes of her being taken.— Two of her sisters were with me at the time, & will remain for the present. The funeral is to take place on Friday, & she will [be] buried in the Churchyard of this village. She had been more or less of a sufferer, as you know, for so many years, — & tasted so little of the enjoyment of the present life, that I cannot but acquiesce in that dispensation of Providence which has removed her to a better. You must excuse my adding a word more at present, as a man waits for the letters!— With kind love to Louisa, believe me, My dear Henslow | Your’s affectly | L. Jenyns P.S. I congratulate you on the birth of another grandchild, & hope Fanny is going on well. I direct this to Hitcham supposing you are back.—", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[174, 184, "DATE"], [186, 199, "DATE"], [239, 243, "PERSON"], [307, 327, "TIME"], [331, 340, "DATE"], [354, 363, "PERSON"], [364, 373, "DATE"], [424, 441, "ORG"], [614, 619, "DATE"], [696, 700, "PERSON"], [751, 761, "DATE"], [819, 833, "DATE"], [1027, 1042, "DATE"], [1111, 1119, "DATE"], [1120, 1129, "TIME"], [1136, 1142, "DATE"], [1199, 1224, "TIME"], [1240, 1246, "DATE"], [1280, 1291, "DATE"], [1337, 1357, "TIME"], [1379, 1382, "CARDINAL"], [1487, 1493, "DATE"], [1611, 1624, "DATE"], [1737, 1747, "GPE"], [1884, 1890, "ORG"], [1912, 1926, "PERSON"], [1938, 1954, "PERSON"], [2017, 2022, "PERSON"], [2058, 2065, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2861, "text": "\"Sent off this day per Marsh & C for the Revd Mr Ellicomb as under Veronica crispa Do. Montana ---------bellidioides Do. Prostrate Iris halophila Do.Virginica Aconitum japonicum Echinops ritro Narcessus (sic) major Monarda fistulosa Salvia forskahlii Potentilla pedata -----------crocea Saponaria glutinosa Alyssum tortuosum Pisum maritimum Bellium crassifolia Orobus angustifolius Draba lilgeladii (?) Scrophularia laurica ---------rivularis Hypericum Geblerii Ranunculus Bruticus -----------chaerophyllus Dracocephalum dentatum I(?)apaea eragrostis Lycopodium dentatum Lychnis alpinus from Germany....\"", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[10, 18, "DATE"], [23, 32, "ORG"], [68, 76, "LOC"], [88, 95, "GPE"], [122, 136, "ORG"], [150, 168, "PERSON"], [179, 203, "PERSON"], [205, 208, "ORG"], [216, 223, "PERSON"], [234, 262, "PERSON"], [326, 331, "ORG"], [342, 349, "ORG"], [383, 388, "PERSON"], [404, 416, "GPE"], [463, 521, "PERSON"], [552, 562, "PERSON"], [572, 579, "PERSON"], [593, 600, "GPE"]]}
+{"id": 2862, "text": "Though I have seen one of your circulars before I received the one you sent to me the other day, I have not replied to it, not from any unwillingness to assist you but because a few words from a systematic zoologist like Owen render any suggestions from such as me superfluous— With regard to types of Mammals, our native species are so few, that a local museum might well have them all, as the group where there are two or three examples of a genus or order would give the student information as to the principles of arrangement not only into orders but into smaller divisions— Mammals are divided by Agassiz into 1. Carnivorous 2. Herbivorous 3. Cetaceans— These groups are too large for the purposes of instruction & each can be subdivided by their modes of progression, & it will be found that the limbs & teeth have a certain agreement in their variation— The mere exhibition of stuffed specimens conveys little information and I should in a popular museum, substitute for them in the class of mammals skulls and skeletons of the limbs, preserving to the latter the claws or hoofs but separated a little from the bones as being parts of the dermic skeleton. The maxillary & mandibular bones of the skulls should be particularly opened to show the roots of the teeth—A series of such preparations of our native mammals would convey much instruction. The tarsal or pastern bones of the ruminants with their two complete toes and two rudimentary ones would contrast well with the toes of a wild cat, formed for prehension – and with the fin-like fore limbs of a dolphin & rudimentary pelvis without appendages. All that would be gained by adhering to prominent examples of our divisions (all more or less artificial) can be obtained by conspicuous labels, over a group of specimens illustrating that division—This seems to be the best way with respect to mammals— While I agree with Owen in that the Creator formed all living things in past ages, as well as in the existing order of things, according to a plan and that an endeavour to discover parts of that place is a legitimate exercise of the intellect I think that what in common language is called a “type” must vary according as the group artificially gathered together by the naturalist is more or less extensive— Every species is exactly fitted for the part it is to play in the existing fauna of the word and when we attempt to class the species that we know, by marked differences of the teeth for instance or the limbs or by combinations of these we obtain groups differing very greatly in the number of their species. Owens idea of a type of the vertebrates is a very different thing, being ideal and intended to show how the limbs or appendages belonging to the several sections of the vertebral column may be increased or diminished, or changed in position without associated change of character— The skeleton of a Congereel of a snake of a frog, of a raven, and of a dog would show the bony framework of the five divisions of vertebrats well enough—To illustrate the mammals you might have The great eared bat— Insect. The cat— Carniv. The hare— Rodent. The cow— Rum. The dolphin— Cetac. But as I said in the beginning of my note, the specimens of mammals would not be too numerous were you to include all the native species you can easily procure. For instruction to a rural population I should consider the skulls & limbs of the different breeds of cattle & horses very useful—and if fossil skulls or tarsal bones of the species to be found in the tertiary deposits can be added so much the better—two of the finest fossil skulls of the Bos primigenius that I have seen are preserved in a Museum at Keswick, dug up in the Neighbourhood. The wild oxen & bisons are larger than the domesticated ones, but there is no such difference of size between fossil & existing horses, the modern breeds as far as I have seen being if anything bigger Yours faithfully | John Richardson", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[19, 22, "CARDINAL"], [63, 66, "CARDINAL"], [82, 95, "DATE"], [221, 225, "PERSON"], [417, 420, "CARDINAL"], [424, 429, "CARDINAL"], [602, 609, "ORG"], [615, 616, "CARDINAL"], [630, 631, "CARDINAL"], [645, 646, "CARDINAL"], [648, 657, "NORP"], [1410, 1413, "CARDINAL"], [1432, 1435, "CARDINAL"], [1885, 1889, "PERSON"], [1902, 1909, "PERSON"], [2583, 2588, "PERSON"], [2976, 2980, "CARDINAL"], [3096, 3102, "ORG"], [3114, 3120, "PERSON"], [3149, 3154, "PERSON"], [3568, 3571, "CARDINAL"], [3607, 3610, "PERSON"], [3659, 3676, "ORG"], [3692, 3705, "LOC"], [3925, 3942, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2863, "text": "Having been instructed by the Committee of Council on Education to report to their Lordships on the best means of providing/promoting the cause of popular education by grants for apparatus diagrams &c for to elementary schools and being informed that you have been accustomed to use for this purpose and in your lectures at Cambridge botanical diagrams of a superior kind I have thought that you would be obliging enough to allow me on the occasion of a visit which I propose to make next month to Cambridge to see some of these diagrams. It is proposed to have coloured diagrams of some of the characteristic forms of vegetation printed by means of blocks (like paper hangings) for the use of schools. I shall be very thankful for any suggestions you may be good enough to make for my guidance in respect to these botanical diagrams and with many apologies for their instrusion on your leisure I am Rev. Sir | your faithl Ser.t | Henry Moseley", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[26, 63, "ORG"], [83, 92, "NORP"], [324, 333, "GPE"], [484, 494, "DATE"], [498, 507, "GPE"], [931, 944, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2864, "text": "Very many thanks for your excellent sermon which I have read with great pleasure & only wish all our clergymen were like you able & willing not only to instruct their hearers while in the Church in the truths of Religion, but to lead them in the fields to see & apply the endless proof around them of the wisdom & goodness of their Maker. Natural History, however, though sadly in need of more teachers like yourself, is making some progress. M. r Patterson President of the Belfast N.H. Society, sends news about a series of very admirable Zoological Diagrams he has had made for the Government Science & Art Department of the Board of Trade, drank tea with him on Monday & says seventeen thousand copies of his “Zoology for Schools” have been sold. As you possibly may not have seen a Notice of these Diagrams, I beg to enclose one of those he gave me. I am | my dear Sir, |yours very truly | W. Spence", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[188, 194, "ORG"], [339, 354, "ORG"], [443, 457, "PERSON"], [471, 495, "ORG"], [541, 560, "PERSON"], [581, 620, "ORG"], [624, 642, "ORG"], [666, 674, "DATE"], [680, 698, "CARDINAL"], [714, 733, "WORK_OF_ART"], [893, 904, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2865, "text": "Be so good as to forward one of your advertisements for Microscopic Objects to C. Dilk esq 76 Sloan St. When I saw him last week in town he said he should like to have the same set that you have sent me, & I have in consequence forwarded to him the Nos. But I think he may perhaps prefer a greater variety among some I omitted & not quite so many Botanical Specimens. I have therefore told him I wd. write to you to send your list & he may compare it with what I have suggested. Yrs faithfully J. S. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[25, 28, "CARDINAL"], [56, 75, "ORG"], [91, 93, "CARDINAL"], [94, 103, "PERSON"], [119, 128, "DATE"], [347, 366, "PERSON"], [494, 507, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2866, "text": "Verifying the old remark that a road once travelled is easily found again, my purpose giver has been trying hard half a dozen times these two last hot months to lay me by the heels in bed as it did last year but happily my Commander in chief D. r S.R Thompson with his array of pills & potions has gained the victory tho’ leaving me in a very disabled state & unfit for all exertion bodily or mental. This in a county with visits from my son & daughter & from grandchildren and so I was soon obliged to transfer to the Isle of Wight, must be my apology for not thanking you before for the Circulars you were so good as to send me which I looked upon with the interest I take in everything coming from you as I do in the Programme received the other day which caused many a happy & instructive afternoon both for your older & younger visitors. I am glad you gave some of your School an opportunity of using the [illeg] at hand, and [illeg] you have given them, & hoping you will have finer weather on Tuesday the 29 th & that you will favour me with the Results of the party when finished, I am My dear Sir yours very truly | W. Spence", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[113, 125, "CARDINAL"], [138, 141, "CARDINAL"], [151, 157, "DATE"], [198, 207, "DATE"], [242, 244, "NORP"], [247, 259, "ORG"], [352, 365, "ORG"], [435, 459, "ORG"], [515, 532, "GPE"], [589, 598, "LOC"], [720, 729, "PERSON"], [739, 752, "DATE"], [793, 802, "TIME"], [1000, 1007, "DATE"], [1012, 1014, "CARDINAL"], [1124, 1135, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2867, "text": "As you seem interested in our University’s memorial – I send the enclosed – The only copy of my own letter that I have left is at the back of one of the pages of my Morning lecture last Sunday, & when you have read it I shall ask you to return it!! The fact is I had only so many copies from London put up with the memorial & sent here for me to direct, as I wished to forward – for I have no time for writing & canvassing in a more formal manner – I go to Cambridge on Monday for 5 weeks lectures, merely returning on Saturday for my Sunday duties – I expect sundry black looks at Cambs;, but hope to keep my temper & perhaps persuade a few of the residents to add their names before the memorial is presented – I have no doubt that some will, but I do not expect many – the great bugbear possibility of Dissenters getting allowed degrees – for I believe we are pretty unanimous in admitting that there is scope for improvement – Excuse this hasty scrawl – I send you my old list of Lending Books – but I hope to forward a more extended one before long– Ever yours truly J. S. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[142, 145, "CARDINAL"], [181, 195, "DATE"], [292, 298, "GPE"], [457, 466, "GPE"], [470, 476, "DATE"], [481, 488, "DATE"], [519, 527, "DATE"], [535, 541, "DATE"], [984, 997, "ORG"], [1038, 1041, "CARDINAL"], [1072, 1085, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2868, "text": "It is long now since I have had any communication with you, and I confess, that I have a illeg wondered that you have not honoured me with a few lines occasionally, considered that during your abode in the Isle of Mann, we used to see a good deal of each other. I now feel inclined to rout you out having occasion to apply to you on an occasion of some importance. It is to ask you to give your vote for Lord Palmerston in the coming election at Cambridge if you have any vote to spare, and also if you can assist his lordship with your support in any way, I shall be very much obliged to you so to do, as he is a person I highly respect and esteem. I pray you inform me what is your exact situation at Cambridge at present, for I am not quite certain as to that circumstance. I hear that Derby is a missionary and at present at Calcutta, is that the case? And where is Inge? You I have been told are married. Is that so who is the fair lady who attracted you tell me I beseech you the whole circumstance relative to that count. Is Vick in being and as amiable as ever. My Illeg is I hope status quo, but I have been journeying about on account of my health, having been very ill since I had the pleasure of seeing you - and never well in the Isle of Mann so that I fear I shall be obliged to leave it - and am looking about for some house in this neighbourhood, because it is the only situation that seems to agree with my health. My complaints are dispeptic, but is now chiefly confined to the chest, throat and windpipe. I am obliged to be very careful about my diet and seem to get on tolerably well although I adhere strictly to that system at least when not in the Isle of Mann. I fancy that the sea air there does not agree with me. If you can send me a few seeds from the Botanical Garden at Cambridge, I pray you do, as they will afford me great amusement. The collection I have is very good considering but the Glasgow people are not very liberal about these sort of things, they do not like to give these without the expectation of some return which bye the bye, is much the way with all the illeg. There is a Mrs Robert Murray in the Isle of Mann who has been left with a very large family of children, all unprovided for but they have all been given a very good education by their uncles and aunts. Two of them now want situations and if you could get one of them into a book [shop] or into the Library at Cambridge, you would do a great service to the family and indeed it would be a most charitable act. If you can think of anything pray mention it in your letter to me. I am your very sincere friend J. H. Stapleton I wish many happy returns of the season Netherton House near Worcester and then enclose your letter to my brother Lord Le Dispencer Mereworth Castle Tunbridge Kent.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[202, 218, "LOC"], [404, 419, "PERSON"], [446, 455, "GPE"], [703, 712, "GPE"], [789, 794, "PERSON"], [829, 837, "PERSON"], [1032, 1036, "PERSON"], [1239, 1255, "GPE"], [1667, 1683, "FAC"], [1776, 1796, "FAC"], [1800, 1809, "GPE"], [1921, 1928, "GPE"], [2119, 2138, "PERSON"], [2142, 2158, "GPE"], [2312, 2315, "CARDINAL"], [2365, 2368, "CARDINAL"], [2419, 2428, "GPE"], [2616, 2631, "PERSON"], [2672, 2687, "ORG"], [2693, 2702, "GPE"], [2746, 2753, "PERSON"], [2781, 2795, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2869, "text": "The arrival of another parcel of your rare plants from Kent, lays me under additional obligations, for which I return sincere thanks — they are truly acceptable— I trust you will find something worth your attention in the bundle which I now send you in return— A residence in the Highlands of Scotland for more than two months, tho' much interrupted by wet weather & indisposition, has enabled me to collect & preserve a considerable number of rare plants of that country, some of which cannot fail to be useful for the purpose of forming a part of the various herbaria on which you are now engaged I have also endeavoured to supply the deficiencies of the former collection I sent you, by enclosing good specimens of as many plants growing hereabouts, as I had leisure to dry in the course of the last season, and hope they will not come too late, to be useful— I have much reason to thank you for the introduction to D r Hooker, having experienced much gratification & advantage during the short acquaintance. I have had with him— It was in consequence of his invitation to accompany him to Killin in Perthshire, that I was induced to go so far from home last Summer, otherwise I had concluded to spend the season in Westmorland— As I was not in a condition to bear the fatigues of continued exertion, I thought it best to remain stationary in Killin, rather than take any extensive ramble thro' the Highlands — my collection is on this account not so remarkable for its great variety, as for its containing a plentiful supply of each sort, & gathered in good condition— I could have sent more specimens of Juncus castaneus, Arenaria rubella, Woodsia hyperboria, Alchemilla alpina, Gnaphalium supinum, Juncus trifidus, Trientalis europæa, Sibbaldia procumbens, Veronica saxatilis, Tofieldia palustris, Carex capilllaris, C. atrata, Cornus Suecica, and Myosotis alpestris, without at all impoverishing my collection, but as I have not yet distributed any among my friends, I thought it best to retain a sufficient supply, & only send you so much as I thought would be really wanted— Should, therefore, a further supply of any of them be at all desirable, you will only have to mention it, in order that I may retain, all that can conveniently be spared, to be sent you at some future opportunity— I am greatly-delighted with your new plant Althaea hirsuta; and wild specimens, so beautifully dried, are highly welcome— I learn from Sir J E Smith, that Isnardia palustris has been lately found growing wild in Sussex, by M r W. Borrer— I was much pleased with your account of the Cowslip & its change, by particular management, to the state of the Oxlip — It had never struck me that Viola hirta & odorata were so nearly related, before you communicated to me your suspicions of the fact — on comparison of the two plants there exists an extraordinary similarity between them, and you are probably in the right— It may confirm your opinion, to be told, that I learned from M r Bentham (whom I saw at D r Hookers) that the flowers of Viola hirta in France, has sometimes the fragrance of V. odorata— I have never observed this circumstance in Wales— M r Roberts I understand is more closely occupied than ever with his professional engagements but he faithfully promises to spend a few days in a botanical excursion with me if I visit Bangor during the winter, which I intend for the purpose of collecting mosses. The parcel for him will be very acceptable I know; & I will take care that he receives it before long.— Lemna gibba has been again fertile, & I have preserved a few more specimens, and collected a quantity of seeds for D r Hooker— L. minor I observed in flower, for the first time, in June last— I think this species hardly ever ripens produces perfectly mature seeds — I was not able to procure any— While in the Highlands I was fortunate enough to detect the real fructification of Jungermannia Blasia—it was in a very early stage, but sufficiently obvious, to satisfy me that it was a Jungermannia— All the specimens I found (about two or three at the most), I dissected; and so, cannot send away— Carex curta is abundant about Killin, & occurs in swampy ground in the vallies, as well as near the summits of the mountains, at an elevation of 3500 feet— While at D r Hookers, I had the pleasure of seeing M r Winch of Newcastle from whom I was glad to know, you had received & specimens of Cypripedium calceolus— I hardly expect to find it in Lancashire— The specimen of Galium (a duplicate of which you have from me, if I mistake not) gathered near Pen MaenMawr in Caernarvonshire, & abundant in various parts of Wales, which I sent to Sir J E Smith, I am informed is \"certainly is G. Witheringii, of a remarkably large size—\" I still think it nothing more than the rough variety of G. palustre, occurring frequently about Warrington— I was in hope to be able to send you Gentiana nivalis from Ben Lawers, but I searched in vain for a third specimen— one of the two which I did find, I left with D r Hooker, who had never before been able to obtain it, and who, as the Author of the Flora Scotica, might be said to have the strongest claim to possess it— of every other plant which I found in the Highlands I believe I have sent you duplicates, with the exception of some common mosses, &c— with best wishes I remain | Yours very faithfully | W. Wilson", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[55, 59, "ORG"], [280, 289, "GPE"], [293, 301, "GPE"], [306, 326, "DATE"], [328, 331, "ORG"], [353, 380, "ORG"], [400, 418, "ORG"], [561, 569, "GPE"], [794, 809, "DATE"], [919, 929, "ORG"], [1093, 1099, "GPE"], [1103, 1113, "GPE"], [1157, 1168, "DATE"], [1205, 1215, "DATE"], [1219, 1230, "PERSON"], [1346, 1352, "GPE"], [1402, 1411, "GPE"], [1609, 1615, "ORG"], [1627, 1635, "GPE"], [1645, 1663, "PERSON"], [1665, 1682, "GPE"], [1684, 1694, "GPE"], [1704, 1710, "ORG"], [1721, 1731, "ORG"], [1741, 1750, "GPE"], [1763, 1771, "LOC"], [1783, 1792, "GPE"], [1804, 1821, "FAC"], [1834, 1848, "ORG"], [2341, 2348, "PERSON"], [2437, 2446, "PERSON"], [2453, 2461, "ORG"], [2510, 2516, "GPE"], [2576, 2593, "ORG"], [2648, 2653, "ORG"], [2684, 2705, "ORG"], [2811, 2814, "CARDINAL"], [3033, 3038, "ORG"], [3048, 3054, "GPE"], [3087, 3097, "PERSON"], [3142, 3147, "GPE"], [3279, 3289, "DATE"], [3334, 3340, "GPE"], [3348, 3358, "DATE"], [3517, 3522, "GPE"], [3632, 3642, "ORG"], [3644, 3646, "PERSON"], [3683, 3688, "ORDINAL"], [3698, 3702, "DATE"], [3827, 3836, "GPE"], [3897, 3916, "PERSON"], [4001, 4013, "GPE"], [4042, 4060, "CARDINAL"], [4114, 4119, "ORG"], [4144, 4160, "ORG"], [4259, 4268, "QUANTITY"], [4334, 4343, "GPE"], [4459, 4469, "GPE"], [4487, 4493, "GPE"], [4566, 4578, "GPE"], [4582, 4597, "GPE"], [4630, 4635, "GPE"], [4657, 4666, "PERSON"], [4699, 4713, "PERSON"], [4800, 4811, "PERSON"], [4840, 4850, "PERSON"], [4889, 4897, "PERSON"], [4911, 4921, "PERSON"], [4952, 4957, "ORDINAL"], [4968, 4971, "CARDINAL"], [4979, 4982, "CARDINAL"], [5013, 5023, "ORG"], [5096, 5113, "ORG"], [5214, 5223, "GPE"], [5358, 5369, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2870, "text": "Beg leave to inform you, that a packet to your address, containing a selection of duplicates of dried specimens from the Company’s Museum, together with a letter from the chairman and a list will be delivered, if you will have the goodness to order a person to call for the it 61 Frith Str. Soho, any forenoon? between 11 and 1 o’clock. It will afford me the highest gratification if the collection should prove worthy of your acceptance. It will afford give me an additional satisfaction to forward to you, hereafter, additional selections of duplicates.— A series of ferns will be sent to you from next month. I request you will do me the favor to return to me, at your earliest convenience, a list of the numbers only, contained in the parcel. I have the honor to be, with great respect, Sir | your most obedient servant | C. Wallich", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[117, 137, "ORG"], [277, 279, "CARDINAL"], [319, 335, "TIME"], [600, 610, "DATE"], [824, 836, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2871, "text": "You will see by the date of the preceding page, how long I have been waiting for an opportunity to send this Prospectus. I must therefore beg the favour that you will as speedily as possible get it into print for me at Cambridge defraying the expences (I hope they will not be much) out of the Cam. Phil. Soc. money. It will print in small type well I sh d think on one 8. vo leaf w. ch will be far better than two. You will I am sure take the trouble to see that no mistakes are made: mind particularly or they will put an i into Maderensis. The number of copies I must leave entirely to y. r discretion. I sh. d wish about 20 or 30 to go to D r. Hooker; as many to Sowerby, & 10 or a dozen to Miller of Bristol. I w. d not have one sent to private friends, or put in private circulation. You will be the best judge for me in what periodicals to insert it, remembering how much I must study economy. The Quarterly I am afraid is very expensive or I sh. d like it much to have one. The Zoological, Brewster’s Journal & the Botanical are essential. But perhaps D. r Hooker will be the best person to speak to about the two last. Put one or two for me if you please in the Philos. Soc. Reading room. All I wish to wish to avoid is puffing, & private puffing most of all.― The first vessel direct to England will take a large box of birds directed to you for the Philos. Soc. from me. They are all I have been able to get together (you know I am no Ornithologist), but may be useful as authentic spec. ns I regret they have been set up, w.ch will make them very awkward to pack & liable to injury on the voyage; but shall be wiser another time. They will possibly arrive in England the beginning of Jan y., & as I know no better plan than directing them to the care of your brother, w. d it not be as well to tell him when to be looking out for them, that there may be no delay in the Docks. Besides spending near 2 months in the North of the island, I have made the complete tour of it this Autumn, & added greatly to my stores. This yr. remittance gave me the means to do; so that no time was lost in making what has really proved a good use of it. When you can ascertain what it may be necessary to deduct for printing this affair &c I wish you would pay the remainder a bill of 25£12 s. I owe to Redfarn the Tailor. If you have not enough left for the whole, pay him part. This will save some trouble in remitting &c― When Spring comes, I shall begin again, & take make out my remaining 30£s worth in excursions, jars for Fish &c. At the top of the box of Birds you will find a fine spec. n of Gorgonia verrucosa, with 2 or 3 Auriculae attached. Do with it what you please. It is quite at y. r service If you It w. d be desirable to send a few of the Prospectus to the Continent. Possibly you can do so without much trouble though some of y. r correspondents. I think I shall get Sowerby to send one to Ferussac. I hope you have rec d. a parcel of Plants &c. I sent you in July last by the Comet, directed to the care of y r. brother.― Kind regards to all, particularly to L. Jenyns to whom I wrote some time since. | Y rs. sincerely | R. T. Lowe Nov r. 30 th The Packet has just arrived & brought me a letter from L. Jenyns but no account from you of the Plants, Jar of fruit of Cycas &c. I hope they are not lost. I have not yet been able to get you a SS n. of Palm or Dragon tree.―", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[219, 228, "GPE"], [294, 297, "PERSON"], [299, 303, "PERSON"], [376, 386, "PERSON"], [531, 541, "PERSON"], [619, 633, "CARDINAL"], [643, 654, "ORG"], [667, 674, "PERSON"], [678, 691, "CARDINAL"], [695, 701, "PERSON"], [705, 712, "GPE"], [1060, 1071, "ORG"], [1118, 1121, "CARDINAL"], [1132, 1135, "CARDINAL"], [1139, 1142, "CARDINAL"], [1171, 1177, "LOC"], [1274, 1279, "ORDINAL"], [1297, 1304, "GPE"], [1360, 1366, "PERSON"], [1671, 1678, "GPE"], [1679, 1705, "DATE"], [1780, 1782, "PERSON"], [1882, 1887, "PERSON"], [1911, 1919, "DATE"], [2424, 2430, "DATE"], [2488, 2492, "CARDINAL"], [2523, 2531, "ORG"], [2557, 2562, "LOC"], [2595, 2603, "GPE"], [2620, 2621, "CARDINAL"], [2625, 2626, "CARDINAL"], [2627, 2636, "PERSON"], [2881, 2888, "PERSON"], [2897, 2900, "CARDINAL"], [2904, 2912, "PERSON"], [2974, 2978, "DATE"], [2991, 2996, "PRODUCT"], [3074, 3083, "PERSON"], [3135, 3151, "PERSON"], [3166, 3172, "GPE"], [3217, 3226, "PERSON"], [3266, 3269, "PERSON"], [3282, 3291, "ORG"], [3356, 3358, "ORG"], [3365, 3369, "GPE"]]}
+{"id": 2872, "text": "I have signed the Deed appointing me your co-trustee in the settlement of worthy John Brown’s testamentary affairs; and trust I may have no unexpected reason to repent the step—To have you for a co-adjutor was my chief ground for taking it. I return M. r Laing’s letter, and have written to him to say that I am prepared to add my signature to any Trust-document or receipt which bears your’s: and I suppose that this is really what is requisite to work the machinery for winding up the affairs. Believe me, |Dear Henslow, |Ever truly yours, | R. d Owen. I send by this Post a description of some odd African fossils, which I imagine may seem to D n to be one of the steps from the Crocodile to the Cat!", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[18, 22, "ORG"], [81, 91, "PERSON"], [250, 262, "PERSON"], [514, 521, "PERSON"], [542, 553, "PERSON"], [570, 574, "ORG"], [601, 608, "NORP"], [682, 691, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2873, "text": "I sent to the Ipswich Museum about 3 months a small box addressed to you containing a few choice fossils from the main Crag— also a piece of indurated London Clay from the Crag District with specimens upon its surface of Vermetus Bognoriensis, a species new to me in theas a Suffolk Fossil. There is standing to your credit an old Sub n of 24£ to the Brit. Nat. Histy Collecting Fund— This was given for the Lewisham London Fossils, but as I have never been very successful in m obtaining good specimens from this formation you would perhaps be willing to receive the value of your Sub. n in other Fossils, when of which what I have sent in this case may be considered part— I was greatly interested in giving over the Collection in the Ipswich Museum, but I think it is much to be regretted that there is not a larger series of Crag Shells— you have some fine and rare species, but the total no. of species is so small— only about 100 I think one of the 500 figd by M r Wood— It would be the work of a life time to get all these, but a very fine collection might be got together at a moderate expense— I am very anxious to work again at my early hunting ground, and perhaps a sum of money might be raised in the County for the special purpose of providing the Ipswich Museum with an extensive & carefully named series of Crag Shells— If this idea meets with your approval, I think I should meet with cooperation in the attempt to set a Sub. n on 100£, and I could undertake the Mounting as well as to Collecting the Specimens— Not long since I had spent a very pleasant visit at Stanway in company the Society of my old friend John Brown upon whom the weight of years now begins to tell— It is a happy thing that he feels as keen as relish as I do in the pursuit of Science— I was read when in Suffolk about 4 months since the Report of a Lecture given by you in which I was greatly interested— yours dear Sir | very truly |Edw Charlesworth", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[10, 28, "ORG"], [29, 43, "DATE"], [119, 123, "PERSON"], [151, 162, "PERSON"], [168, 185, "LOC"], [221, 242, "PERSON"], [275, 282, "ORG"], [340, 342, "DATE"], [351, 355, "ORG"], [362, 383, "ORG"], [404, 431, "PRODUCT"], [598, 605, "ORG"], [719, 729, "LAW"], [829, 840, "PERSON"], [921, 935, "CARDINAL"], [944, 947, "CARDINAL"], [955, 958, "CARDINAL"], [1213, 1219, "GPE"], [1257, 1275, "ORG"], [1322, 1333, "PERSON"], [1447, 1450, "CARDINAL"], [1479, 1487, "ORG"], [1580, 1587, "FAC"], [1599, 1620, "ORG"], [1628, 1638, "PERSON"], [1649, 1668, "DATE"], [1767, 1774, "ORG"], [1795, 1802, "GPE"], [1803, 1817, "DATE"], [1929, 1941, "ORG"]]}
+{"id": 2874, "text": "You must have thought me very unpunctual, or uncivil, or ungrateful for your kind communications: but I have to plead that I was occupied by a load of business before I left home, & that I was very unwell &, on account of inflammation in my eyes, unable to write by candlelight. Your last letter, enclosing that from M r Hughes, caught me as I was getting into my travelling carriage. I am very glad that we are to have the benefit of his cooperation; & I hope he will be named as one of our District Inspectors. Your publications in the Bury Papers have done a great deal of good, and I know that they attract much attention. If we can once bring the Squires & Farmers to think and to test the value of their predudices, we shall do. I have a rec. d a valuable paper from a Clergyman in Glostershire respecting Parish Clubs, parts of which I will try to send you for the information of the Club Section. Believe me | My Dear Sir| Very truly yours | H F Bunbury", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[492, 511, "ORG"], [534, 549, "ORG"], [648, 669, "ORG"], [775, 784, "PRODUCT"], [788, 800, "GPE"], [887, 903, "ORG"], [916, 930, "PERSON"], [948, 961, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2875, "text": "I am so thoroughly convinced that nothing but a timely reform in the present system of our two great English Universities can save their character in all matters connected with science that I gladly send you an authority to affix my name to the Memorial w. h you transmitted to me. I hope that the present move within our University itself may not be altogether fruitless, & I certainly think that if a good reform could be carried out without Government interference it would be far the safest. But it appears to be the opinion of those who have the best opportunity of judging that the Universities themselves have not the power, even if they had the will, to make the requisite Changes. I have directed Van Voorst to transmit as early as he can the Copies of my little work on this island (w. h have been subscribed for in Cambridge) to the care of my Uncle who has kindly undertaken to deliver them to their respective owners. The subscription can be either sent to me by post-office order or can be paid to Professor Cumming for me. Believe me, Dear Sir,| Very faithfully yours | J G Cumming [Enclosure: Notice entitled “Just Published, The Isle of Man; its History, Physical, Ecclesiastical, Civil and Legendary by the Rev. Joseph George Cumming.” d. 1868 Cambridge University Library, MSS Add. 8177: 103b]", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[91, 94, "CARDINAL"], [101, 121, "EVENT"], [241, 258, "FAC"], [322, 332, "ORG"], [588, 600, "LOC"], [706, 716, "PERSON"], [752, 758, "WORK_OF_ART"], [826, 835, "GPE"], [855, 860, "PERSON"], [1126, 1157, "WORK_OF_ART"], [1163, 1217, "WORK_OF_ART"], [1230, 1251, "PERSON"], [1262, 1290, "ORG"], [1301, 1305, "CARDINAL"], [1307, 1311, "CARDINAL"]]}
+{"id": 2876, "text": "Here are the addresses of our Batchelors who will take their M.A. degrees at the commencement of 1826. Yours very truly J.Lamb Thomas Revd J.Brampton Bryan Ludlow Salop Everitt J.E.Esq Walcot Place Knightsbridge Howman Revd E.J. Hockering East Dereham Wallace Revd A.J. Braxted Whitham Essex Browne Revd C. Blow Norton Harling Norfolk Piper Revd J.R. Hackney Hughes Revd G.H. Temple Revd G. Strand St. Sandwich Kent Dale Revd T. Maisse Hill Greenwich Dicken Revd - Charterhouse Moxon -- 7 Mincing Lane London Chestnutt Revd G. 88 Watling Street London Gay Revd Champion Hill Camberwell Fielding Revd Canterbury", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[61, 65, "FAC"], [97, 101, "DATE"], [127, 155, "PERSON"], [163, 176, "PERSON"], [212, 218, "NORP"], [383, 390, "PERSON"], [398, 410, "GPE"], [416, 428, "PERSON"], [487, 488, "CARDINAL"], [530, 610, "EVENT"]]}
+{"id": 2877, "text": "I am not aware how you can obtain copies of Dore’s maps uncoloured – unless you write to Germany for them & even then I should doubt the obtaining of them. I sent your note to Sabine, to find if he can help you I do not see any objection to taking the Register of black & blue eyes &c from a Club if that should be convenient. The subject appears to me highly deserving of attention. A friend is engaged in taking my Census at near Bristol, & I hope to get a return from North Wales. Ever yours truly | John Phillips", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[44, 48, "PERSON"], [89, 96, "GPE"], [176, 182, "GPE"], [248, 284, "ORG"], [432, 439, "GPE"], [471, 482, "GPE"], [501, 516, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2878, "text": "M. r Kirby & Miss Rodwell & myself were very sorry that we could not have the pleasure of your company to dinner yesterday, & I am equally so that I am prevented accepting your kind invitation to spend a night with you, by being engaged, with my wife, to go to ?? to on a visit to my nephew the Rev. d J. Campbell Vicar of Eye, which can’t be put off as M rs Campbell expects very soon to be confined. I regret the more not having the pleasure of seeing you while we are in Suffolk, as I wanted to ask you if the flight of the Bean Aphid, which seems to have been very general about a month ago in the South of & West of England, extended to your parish, & if so, whether it seemed a true infection from a distance like many of those of this tribe, or second, or simply on quitting the Beans to settle on other plants in the immediate neighbourhood; & in either case whether you conceive the object of the movement to have been mainly the search for fresh food, or the deposition of eggs by the winged females of the last generation. If this last were their great object, it would be highly desirable to ascertain where the eggs are placed, as they cannot be placed on the beans on which the larvae to be hatched from them next spring, are to feed. How much we have yet to learn as to this part of the economy of Aphids, seems proved by a fact (if correct) lately ascertained to me by Mr. Walker, who says he has ascertained that the eggs of the Hop Aphis are deposited on the Sloe, from which the first or second brood in Spring migrates to the Hop– “a good hop” as my venerable friend who has happily not lost his relish for a pun, observed when I told him of this. I was surprised to find on looking a little into this matter, previous to a discussion we had on it at the last meeting of the Entomological Society, how vague & imperfect our actions are of the habits & economy & indeed physiology of the Aphids. Even Prof. Owen hardly lays it down in his “Comparative Anatomy” that all the 8 or 9 generations of viviparous females in summer, are wingless, except the last, yet we all see winged females on the Rose from very early in Spring & I saw a lecture on the subject in the Phill Transs explicitly say that the 2d generation of the species he made his observations on, is winged. I wish M. r Jenyns, to whom pray present my best regards when you see him, would turn his attention to this obscure subject. Pray also tell him that in a beam of oak so pierced with insect holes that it has been necessary to remove it from the top of the vestry window in Barham Church, to which Sir W. Middleton drew my attention on Sunday after Service & of which I had a portion brought to W. Kirby’s for examination, I have found one entire, & 3 mutilated specimens of Anobium tessalatum – the same insect of which the larvae attacked the beams of the houses at Brussels I referred to at Oxford & which I have no doubt have been the cause of the mischief in this instance. A Visitor yesterday to whom I showed the honey-combed piece of beam & the insects, said they were trying to pull down M. r Kirby’s church to revenge on him in this way, all the destruction he has caused to their home. With M. r Kirby’s best regards I am my dear Sir | yours very truly |W. Spence [P.S.] The Rev. d W. Meadows with whom we dined to-day, took us to a farmer’s near him at Witnesham who completely preserved his Turnips from the Flea by sowing a little before thin strips of mustard which they attack in preference to the Turnips. He has tried the plan several years & says it never fails.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[0, 34, "ORG"], [113, 122, "DATE"], [202, 209, "TIME"], [359, 367, "ORG"], [474, 481, "GPE"], [523, 537, "LOC"], [577, 594, "DATE"], [598, 628, "LOC"], [752, 758, "ORDINAL"], [786, 791, "NORP"], [1223, 1234, "DATE"], [1313, 1319, "GPE"], [1389, 1395, "PERSON"], [1442, 1455, "LOC"], [1477, 1481, "NORP"], [1498, 1503, "ORDINAL"], [1507, 1513, "ORDINAL"], [1523, 1529, "DATE"], [1546, 1549, "WORK_OF_ART"], [1791, 1816, "ORG"], [1907, 1913, "GPE"], [1926, 1930, "PERSON"], [1959, 1978, "WORK_OF_ART"], [1993, 1994, "CARDINAL"], [1998, 1999, "CARDINAL"], [2037, 2043, "DATE"], [2113, 2117, "PRODUCT"], [2185, 2197, "PERSON"], [2222, 2224, "CARDINAL"], [2298, 2309, "PERSON"], [2416, 2420, "PERSON"], [2563, 2576, "ORG"], [2591, 2603, "PERSON"], [2625, 2631, "DATE"], [2638, 2650, "ORG"], [2684, 2692, "PERSON"], [2725, 2728, "CARDINAL"], [2737, 2740, "DATE"], [2764, 2771, "ORG"], [2857, 2865, "GPE"], [2883, 2891, "ORG"], [2978, 2987, "DATE"], [3086, 3098, "PERSON"], [3191, 3201, "PERSON"], [3253, 3256, "NORP"], [3257, 3263, "NORP"], [3354, 3363, "ORG"], [3410, 3414, "PRODUCT"], [3503, 3510, "LOC"]]}
+{"id": 2879, "text": "I have made the addition you suggest, and have sent the Circular to the Printer, who will forward you a proof. I have only just found time to do it, trifling as my bit of work is. Order the printer to print as many as you think fit & Press to stand perhaps Ever yours most truly | John Phillips", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[72, 79, "PERSON"], [228, 239, "ORG"], [257, 261, "PRODUCT"]]}
+{"id": 2880, "text": "You may set down Watson for a promise, and Trail of Trin. as favourable. I have had a very agreeable answer to my letter from Lane, who, as no doubt you are by this time aware, giving us a vote. We have no committee room still, but I have recommended one which will suit us - the only one it is to be had in this neighbourhood. I have not yet seen our noble Lord, but hope to do so today. If he fixes an early day for assembling his London Friends I shall make a point of attending - if he does not, I shall probably be gone to Brighton, Mrs Watson is all but well again. I take part of their family dinner tomorrow and they send their regards to the Gothic Cottage. May one ask the Chairman to send the enclosed letter to St Johns College? My nephew lives in the third court in illeg the fellow commoners room. I wish you would send me up a list of what you have picked up since Sunday, as, not having seen Palmerston I am quite in the dark - and am growing fidgetty. Now however there is no cause for dispondency - every person, almost without exception, says Palmerston ought to be re-elected. Watkinson of Illeg adverses(?) as I am sorry to say. Ever since -- and yrs faithfully Carrighan, A. Tell Haverland I have seen nothing of Wilkinson, but have left the letter on the shelf of the Club. Cook of Clare-Hall who is cordially with us, gives his 2nd to Bankes.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[17, 23, "PERSON"], [43, 48, "PERSON"], [126, 130, "ORG"], [251, 254, "CARDINAL"], [382, 387, "DATE"], [433, 447, "ORG"], [528, 536, "GPE"], [538, 548, "PERSON"], [607, 615, "DATE"], [647, 665, "FAC"], [723, 739, "ORG"], [764, 769, "ORDINAL"], [880, 886, "DATE"], [908, 918, "GPE"], [1062, 1072, "PERSON"], [1097, 1106, "PERSON"], [1235, 1244, "PERSON"], [1297, 1301, "PERSON"], [1305, 1315, "ORG"], [1352, 1355, "ORDINAL"], [1359, 1365, "GPE"]]}
+{"id": 2881, "text": "Your letter arrived during my absence from home on a botanical trip into Somersetshire & it was not until I had some time returned that I discovered it among my papers. This will account for my not attending to it earlier. I have now great pleasure in sending you a parcel containing a few of your desiderata but as a great part of my herbarium is in Cheshire I have not been able to send all I could wish. I expected to have been down there ere this but circumstances seem likely to prevent my going before the new year. Anything I have to send you from there I can hand to my friend Mr Wilson of Warrington who I believe sometimes sends packets to you. My late trip into Somerset was tolerably productive of good plants but I had the mortification to lose nearly the whole of my specimens owing to the papers not being changed. You will see what a shocking state some of the specimens now sent are in from that cause. In travelling on foot (which I do for my health & the greater convenience of botanizing) I find it impossible to carry my collection with me but am obliged to forward the packet to some town I fix on as head quarters. When any delay takes place in the delivery of these or I do not reach the place at the time I expected they sometimes suffer materially. I lost about 100 specimens of Reseda alba from an undoubtedly wild habitat on the Somerset coast & my specimens of Chrysocoma linosyris shared very much the same fate though not so irretrievably injured. On the other page I hand you a list of my desiderata in British Plants any of which will be acceptable & as I am forming a general Herbarium I shall be also obliged by any spare specimens you may at any time happen to have in Exotic Plants. Believe me |Dear Sir |Yours very truly|W Christy Jr. Veronica verna --------triphylla Centunculus minimus Hippophaea rhamnoides Cuscuta epithymum ------- Europaea Pulmonaria officinalis ---------- angustifolia Borago officinalis Polemonium coeruleum Campanula rapunculus Phyteuma orbiculare Lonicera caprifolium Erythraea littoralis Viola lactea Ribes nigrum ----- alpinum ----- spicatum Thesium linophyllum Eryngium campestre Bupleurum odontites Tordylinium sp. Caucalis sp. Athamanta libanotis Corrigiola littoralis Statice reticulata Linum perenne Asparagus officinalis Convallaria multiflora ----------- verticillata Dianthus caryophyllus -------- prolifer Silene otites Stellaria glauca Arenaria tenuifolia Lythrum hyssopifolium Actaea spicata Glaucium phoeniceum -------- violaceum Delphinium consolida Pulsatilla vulgaris Teucrium scordium Galeopsis villosa Leonurus cardiac Melittis melissophyllum -------- grandiflora Melampyrum cristatum Limosella aquatica Arabis turrita Dentaria bulbifera Turritis glabra Geranium phaeum Althaea hirsuta Genista pilosa Vicia bythinica Hypochaeris maculata Cineraria palustris --------- integrifolia Gnaphalium luteo-album ---------- gallicum Doronicum pardalianches Centaurea jacea Malaxis loeselii ------- paludosa Equisetum hiemale --------- variegatum", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[73, 91, "ORG"], [508, 520, "DATE"], [585, 594, "PERSON"], [598, 608, "GPE"], [673, 681, "ORG"], [1282, 1291, "CARDINAL"], [1390, 1400, "PRODUCT"], [1535, 1542, "NORP"], [1610, 1619, "PERSON"], [1705, 1711, "NORP"], [1775, 1783, "LOC"], [1850, 1857, "PRODUCT"], [1876, 1895, "PERSON"], [1932, 1938, "GPE"], [1951, 1961, "GPE"], [1993, 2001, "ORG"], [2013, 2021, "ORG"], [2034, 2060, "PRODUCT"], [2068, 2073, "ORG"], [2132, 2160, "FAC"], [2187, 2195, "NORP"], [2200, 2209, "PERSON"], [2220, 2230, "FAC"], [2297, 2319, "PERSON"], [2345, 2353, "NORP"], [2386, 2392, "PERSON"], [2417, 2436, "PERSON"], [2459, 2465, "PRODUCT"], [2534, 2562, "ORG"], [2572, 2598, "ORG"], [2607, 2615, "PERSON"], [2692, 2698, "PERSON"], [2742, 2765, "ORG"], [2774, 2781, "PERSON"], [2789, 2804, "PERSON"], [2826, 2845, "PERSON"], [2912, 2921, "NORP"], [2936, 2945, "PERSON"], [2952, 2959, "PERSON"], [2986, 3003, "FAC"]]}
+{"id": 2882, "text": "I have been going round today to the undeclared voters but have not done much. March? votes for us, and Dr. Barrett for Copley & Goulburn. I find that what I expected yesterday about Copleys plumpers is true; Godson plumper for Copley goes down with Greenwood who plumps for us & they will probably interchange 2d votes as Godson will not vote for Bankes or Goulburn. Morton Davison cannot come. I shall set off tomorrow afternoon. My dear Sir Yrs sincerely Palmerston", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[24, 29, "DATE"], [79, 84, "DATE"], [108, 115, "PERSON"], [120, 137, "ORG"], [167, 176, "DATE"], [209, 215, "PERSON"], [228, 234, "ORG"], [250, 259, "ORG"], [311, 313, "CARDINAL"], [323, 329, "PERSON"], [348, 354, "PERSON"], [358, 366, "PRODUCT"], [368, 382, "PERSON"], [412, 420, "DATE"], [421, 430, "TIME"], [444, 447, "PERSON"], [458, 468, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2883, "text": "I forward to you a little box by this post, containing a specimen of the two teazle feeding moths; the larva of the larger one feeds in the pith of the head, & the larva of the smaller one feeds on the actual seeds of the teazle. The connection between plants & insects is a favourite subject of mine, as especially in the smaller groups many species are almost sure to occur where their food-plants grows so that from a list of the Flora of any place it would be comparatively easy to prepare a list of its insect inhabitants. I hope whenever you have time to write you will not be checked from doing so for fear of taking up my time, some correspondents are a nuisance I admit, a sort of necessary evil, but I have never thought of placing you in that category & I have derived so many valuable suggestions from you that I am always pleased to see your handwriting. I am glad to hear that you have added a Carpological Collection of dissected fruits & seeds to the Collection of the S. Kensington Museum & I will certainly pay it a visit some day.— but we S.E. Londoners think it is a formidable journey to Kensington, just because it his[sic] at the other end of the Metropolis I am in hopes we shall manage a visit to Cambridge during your residence there, but at present our movements so long beforehand are rather uncertain—before then I expect to visit Paris & Brussels & if I can execute any Botanical Commissions for you in either Capital I hope you will not hesitate to press me into your service, but we shall not cross the Channel till after Easter, so that you may perhaps grow some Parisian wants between now and then. M rs Stainton is much obliged for your kind remembrance of her. Yours very truly| H. T. Stainton", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[73, 76, "CARDINAL"], [123, 126, "CARDINAL"], [185, 188, "CARDINAL"], [1040, 1048, "DATE"], [1058, 1072, "ORG"], [1109, 1119, "GPE"], [1170, 1180, "PERSON"], [1222, 1231, "GPE"], [1360, 1378, "ORG"], [1535, 1542, "ORG"], [1554, 1560, "FAC"], [1596, 1604, "NORP"], [1638, 1646, "GPE"]]}
+{"id": 2884, "text": "Owing to the death of one & the absence of another of the Trustees of the Bot. Garden, the election of a new Curator will unluckily be postponed for a few days – I have however sent in the enclosed report to the Vice Chancellor such you may be glad to see- You may hand it over to M r Stratton, as it may serve as a testimonial in addition to those with which he has been supplied– I will write to himself as soon as I know the decision of the Trustees– but I believe he has not yet returned to Edinburgh- I hope we are to become personally acquainted next year when the Br. Assoc. meet at Ipswich– Your have greatly complimented me by adopting some [tabular] views with your very excellent manual- but I am to blame in having so hastily thrown them together- the syllabus being printed as my lectures were progressing- I had not time to ask Bentham (for instance) why he had thrown the genera of Vicia & Lotea together (as per Tables) & I find he cannot account for his having done so- & never meant to do so- It is clear he had accidentally summed up the genera of both – I think also you copied from me what had copied from Lindley respecting the enumeration of the genera & species admitted in his acc of the Veg. Kingdom – but I very soon after saw a somewhat just rebuke in the Phytologist at his having been so careless as to allow such high numbers to pass muster, which he ought to have seen must have been too great in comparison with those of Endlicher whom he so closely follows – It seemingley caused me to wonder but I had no time to examine – I saw lately some account of your having received some new descriptions of woody fibre used in manufactures of India- If you should chance to possess it in plenty I should be very glad of a sample some convenient opportunity as I have a Museum (á le Kew) in which I place everything vegetable I can lay my hands on – Believe me | very truly yr | J S Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[22, 25, "CARDINAL"], [109, 116, "GPE"], [149, 159, "DATE"], [281, 293, "ORG"], [444, 452, "PRODUCT"], [552, 561, "DATE"], [575, 580, "ORG"], [842, 849, "PERSON"], [897, 910, "ORG"], [1127, 1134, "PERSON"], [1169, 1185, "ORG"], [1213, 1216, "LOC"], [1454, 1463, "GPE"], [1633, 1644, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2885, "text": "I have given a copy of your list of desiderata to my father, who can answer better than I can the question whether there are any duplicates of Conifers here.— I am sorry to hear that you have had such a sick house, but we can well match you in that respect. At the time I received your letter, I was first recovering from a very troublesome & disagreeable malady, rather an odd one too for my time of life, —the measles,— which attacked had kept me a close prisoner several weeks, & left me very weak; indeed I did not really recover till we came hither for change of air. And in this house, Lady Bunbury, Miss Napier & my father, have all been invalids, but I am happy to say that they are all doing well. I trust that Mrs Henslow & your other invalids are all completely recovered. I understand that the season has been a very sickly one, & certainly the weather at present is any thing but genial or promising. As soon as it shall become suitable for travelling, Mrs Bunbury & I meditate a journey to Torquay to spend there the season of the March winds. Pray remember me to Mrs Henslow & the rest of your family. Mrs Bunbury unites with me in kind regards. Believe me | yours very truly | C.J.F Bunbury", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[143, 151, "ORG"], [300, 305, "ORDINAL"], [466, 479, "DATE"], [592, 604, "PERSON"], [720, 733, "ORG"], [970, 981, "ORG"], [1004, 1011, "LOC"], [1045, 1050, "DATE"], [1078, 1091, "ORG"], [1121, 1128, "ORG"]]}
+{"id": 2886, "text": "Many thanks for your kind intentions. I think as I have no immediate Museum adventure before me, the edible nest may repose till you ascertain whether (as you fancy) you have anything else likely to suit my attic Museum. You have forgotten that when last year you thought of sending me the nest, if you had one to spare. I am very glad you have been so lucky with your ± a/c with the incoming Incumbent, and the Auction. I shall be very glad if you can contrive to come to Cambridge when I am there and I dare say if you are not better accommodated I could procure you a bed in D.C. You are right about Charley Parker I thought he might be useful in pointing out localities and introducing you to Mr. Griffith. I see Daubeny has taken up his scientific cudgels against some article in the Quarterly Review denouncing the new arrangements in favour of Natural Science. With kind regards to your wife believe me | Ever affy yrs | J S Henslow Harriet bids me say she will write soon.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[69, 75, "ORG"], [250, 259, "DATE"], [393, 402, "EVENT"], [473, 482, "GPE"], [578, 582, "GPE"], [603, 617, "PERSON"], [701, 709, "PERSON"], [717, 724, "PERSON"], [785, 805, "WORK_OF_ART"], [851, 866, "ORG"]]}
+{"id": 2887, "text": "Is there a probability of the box referred to in the enclosed containing the Birds you were so kind as to offer me when I was in Cambridge. If so would you be so good as to drop the Station Master a line and say so. I suspect you may have put Norfolk instead of Suffolk on the address for he addresses me as at Hitcham, Norfolk. I have written to him to say I so often receive packets of Natural History Specimens that I suspect this mysterious Box may contain some - & have advised his forwarding it to the station at Hadleigh Suffolk. I have begun a successful campaign with my Village Botanists who are more eager than ever. I had 43 volunteers out yesterday. Yrs very truly J. S. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[77, 82, "LOC"], [129, 138, "GPE"], [243, 250, "ORG"], [262, 269, "GPE"], [311, 318, "GPE"], [320, 327, "GPE"], [388, 413, "ORG"], [445, 448, "PERSON"], [519, 535, "PRODUCT"], [588, 597, "PERSON"], [634, 636, "CARDINAL"], [652, 661, "DATE"], [678, 691, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2888, "text": "Delayed by accident Your kind letter just received and the highly gratifying intelligence which it contains oblige me to inflict on your patience the penalty of perusing another dolorous danish letter from me. But you will understand my feelings and you will pardon the intrusion. My sole object is to thank you cordially for all your polite attention, and to assure you, that I will do my best to supply you, in future, with far more acceptable selections of specimens, than that was, which you have so generously and in so gratifying a manner accepted of. A laudato lacedari is a subject of honest pride; and I will endeavour to deserve a portion of the good you are pleased to say of my feeble efforts in the cause of Botany. I have not the slightest doubt but the highly respectable missive from your University and the Vice Chancellors letter will be received with the ill. greatest satisfaction by the authorities at the India House. The idea of printing labels for the Company’s contributions appears to me extremely suitable, and the specimen you have favoured me with in your letter is entirely what I think it ought to be. The Nepenthes’s have not yet been printed, that is to say the sheet (67- th) on which the species will appear. I will however [illeg] a mem d of the precise manner in which they will be recorded on that sheet. Once more accept of my very best thanks for your polite attention & believe me with the greatest regard Dear Sir | Yours very truly | C Wallich [P.S.] Most happy should I have been to supply you with a double set of the lithographized list, as I have done in three other instances. But unfortunately my copy is so reduced in number [torn ill.] not do it. No 2246 Nepenthes Rafflesiana. Jack. Herb 1823 Singapore 1822 2247 Nepenthes ampullacea, Jack. Herb 1823 Singapore 1822 2248 Nepenthes dushellaloma (?) suna (?) - Herb 1823 1 Singapore 1822 2 Sillet 3 HBI", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[721, 727, "GPE"], [923, 938, "FAC"], [1137, 1146, "GPE"], [1456, 1463, "PERSON"], [1602, 1607, "CARDINAL"], [1701, 1705, "DATE"], [1706, 1727, "PERSON"], [1730, 1734, "PERSON"], [1747, 1756, "GPE"], [1767, 1776, "GPE"], [1789, 1793, "PERSON"], [1800, 1804, "DATE"], [1815, 1819, "DATE"], [1825, 1834, "GPE"], [1869, 1873, "DATE"]]}
+{"id": 2889, "text": "Dr Playfair wishes me to write & ask your advise as to how a good model Herbarium to illustrate the classification of plants by typical specimens & fitted for teaching the elements of Botany in Schools could be procured? If a good model of this kind were furnished to our Educational Museum, steps might afterwards be taken for multiplying it for sale; and if you would be good enough to mention the cost of setting up such a Collection as an example for invitation, my Lords would no doubt authorise the expenditure of a sum for its preparation, and they will with pleasure allow you a fee of £10– for superintending the preparation & for your scientific advise in regard to it. I am Sir | Your Obed. Serv t | Edward Stanley Poole", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[3, 11, "PERSON"], [72, 81, "PRODUCT"], [184, 201, "ORG"], [272, 290, "ORG"], [426, 436, "PRODUCT"], [595, 597, "MONEY"], [689, 700, "PERSON"], [709, 731, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2890, "text": "Let me have the best of each vis Java - 16.10.0 374 Borneo - 7. 23.17.0 this cuts a hole into the 30£ for the current year - but I generally contrive much to exceed my Museum allowance. C. Doorne shall poison & glue them all forthwith. We get on very steadily together with what I have at Hitcham, & Barnard is now arranging the Lemannian specimens. When your Genera come out they can easily be re-adapted. There were talking at Cambridge about accumulating resources - & having money in hand - & hoping some (?) to set to work about Museums etc. Two or three pamphlets had appeared more or less in favour of the new scheme of degrees for Nat.S.Tripos. Grave's other [Illeg] appears to have got over its difficulties. Mr Leathes (his F.in Law) had 1207 Trees mostly fine ones blown down at Herringfleet! Yrs affy J. S. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[48, 51, "CARDINAL"], [52, 62, "ORG"], [98, 100, "CARDINAL"], [106, 122, "DATE"], [168, 174, "ORG"], [186, 195, "PERSON"], [289, 307, "ORG"], [329, 338, "NORP"], [360, 366, "PERSON"], [429, 438, "GPE"], [547, 550, "CARDINAL"], [554, 559, "CARDINAL"], [721, 728, "PERSON"], [748, 752, "DATE"], [790, 802, "ORG"], [814, 827, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2891, "text": "Your kind invitation would be most gladly accepted if I could quit my present charge, but since Mr. Clift’s retirement, I as resident Curator cannot be absent from the College during the night without special permission; now for this I am unwilling to apply again this year after the very enjoyable holidays from which I have just returned. I see little chance, therefore, of bringing my bones to Hitcham this year and suggest that the fossils be sent to me. The requisite comparisons will be made before the 10 th October and you can have them when you visit London with the best account I can give of them. I have another motive– the hope of tempting you to visit our Museum & see its recent additions Mylodon & Dinornis. Will your engagements in London prevent your dining with me on Tuesday 10 th October? I hope not, and that you will be able to give that additional pleasure to Yours very truly, |R.ich. d Owen", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[100, 105, "PERSON"], [134, 141, "PERSON"], [183, 192, "TIME"], [264, 273, "DATE"], [397, 404, "GPE"], [405, 414, "DATE"], [509, 511, "CARDINAL"], [515, 522, "DATE"], [560, 566, "GPE"], [670, 678, "ORG"], [704, 722, "ORG"], [749, 755, "GPE"], [787, 794, "DATE"], [912, 916, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2892, "text": "I grieve to tell you that Wrench after giving cause to think that he should give a vote to Palmerston, has pledged himself to Goulburn as well as to Copley. We have 10 votes today including those you sent up. C. Grant brought three of them. He and his brother and Sir Thos. illeg are making themselves very useful indeed. C. Grant has heard from Elliott who will not pledge his 2nd. vote, his first he certainly gives to Goulburn- I hope to get down to Brighton tomorrow, but cannot say positively I shall do so, I am so plagued with cough. But I shall positively be at Cambridge on Friday next, and I will thank you to beg of my nephew to have my rooms got ready by that time. If the cheeses about which I have bored you so often and about which I have heard nothing are not yet sent off, I would not have any sent to me. I inclose a letter for my nephew, left at his brother's lodgings. If you send me a list of the donors illeg illeg not do so. Ever yrs faithfully Carrighan, A.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[26, 32, "PRODUCT"], [91, 101, "GPE"], [126, 134, "ORG"], [149, 155, "ORG"], [165, 167, "CARDINAL"], [174, 179, "DATE"], [209, 217, "PERSON"], [226, 231, "CARDINAL"], [268, 272, "PERSON"], [322, 330, "PERSON"], [346, 353, "PERSON"], [378, 381, "ORDINAL"], [393, 398, "ORDINAL"], [453, 461, "GPE"], [462, 470, "DATE"], [570, 579, "GPE"], [583, 589, "DATE"]]}
+{"id": 2893, "text": "Are you going to the meeting of the Brit. Assoc.—? I should like to know your plans. We go into Gloucestersh— next week, and my present intention is to leave my wife with her family at Ampney the week of the meeting, & attend it myself, for at least two or three days. I am even meditating a paper to be read in the Nat. Hist. Section (if you do not think me too bold) on the subject of species & races, when I sh d like you to be present if you visit Cheltenham at all.— I have nothing original to communicate but would simply draw more attention to the subject, by bringing together a few facts & observations already on record, w. h tend, I think, along with many others I have not had time to hunt out, and probably many more unknown to me, to confirm the idea (now, as I am inclined to hope, every day gaining more ground) that the limit within which species, at least a large no., vary, are much wider than have been hitherto supposed,— & that many of the so-called species are merely local races derived originally from one stock. This is of course a large field to enter upon, but I have no intention of illustrating what I want to say, except in reference to birds: just tell me, however, whether I am right in saying that the Herbert Experiments, showing the primrose, cowslip, &c— to be all on species,— have never been disproved. —And if you have anything at hand of equal importance with this, in the botanical departm t,— worth communicating, make a note of it, & bring it with you. If there should be a lack of matter in our section, its time would not be more profitably filled up than with a discussion on species & varieties abstractedly considered.— I suppose Harriet is still at Brighton, & I have accordingly written to her there; I hope she will return to Hitcham all the better & stronger for Brighton air.— I was sorry to hear from D r Hooker when I saw him at Kew the end of May, that he had been obliged to give up the Flora Indica for want of support & funds to carry it on; I was greatly interested with his views on species, & the geographical distribution of plants, in the Introduction.— I had a very capital day’s botanizing with Broome a short time back in the neighbourhood of Glastonbury: gathered Vicia lutea on Glastonbury Tor, & in the moors about there Andromeda polifolia, Rhyncospora fusca, Cicuta virosa, besides several other species that I never met with before; those moors are also quite full of Epilobium angustifolium, evidently quite wild & having a different habit from the specimens one sometimes finds escaped from gardens;— but it was not yet in fl. Fitz & his bride are staying in Bath, & we expect them here to call this very day;— after we are gone, they take possession of our house for a time, which we have lent then in our absence.— Give my love to Louisa & Anne; I suppose they are the only ones with you just now. Yrs affect ly | L. Jenyns. P.S. Let me hear from you soon: after Tuesday the 22 nd, my address is—Ampney, Gloucester. Date of letter inferred from the date of the Cheltenham meeting of the British Association", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[36, 40, "ORG"], [42, 47, "ORG"], [96, 108, "GPE"], [110, 119, "DATE"], [185, 191, "ORG"], [192, 200, "DATE"], [241, 267, "DATE"], [452, 462, "PERSON"], [1027, 1030, "CARDINAL"], [1679, 1686, "PERSON"], [1699, 1712, "ORG"], [1778, 1785, "GPE"], [1816, 1824, "GPE"], [1856, 1866, "ORG"], [1885, 1888, "PERSON"], [1941, 1957, "ORG"], [2162, 2168, "PERSON"], [2211, 2222, "ORG"], [2233, 2238, "PERSON"], [2248, 2266, "ORG"], [2313, 2324, "PERSON"], [2534, 2537, "CARDINAL"], [2635, 2639, "GPE"], [2809, 2822, "ORG"], [2890, 2902, "PERSON"], [2903, 2907, "PERSON"], [2941, 2948, "DATE"], [2953, 2955, "CARDINAL"], [2956, 2958, "GPE"], [2974, 2980, "ORG"], [2982, 2992, "PERSON"], [3039, 3049, "PERSON"], [3061, 3084, "ORG"]]}
+{"id": 2894, "text": "Many thanks for your two kind letters— I was very sorry yesterday that I was not able to get up to London as I should have liked very much to have met you in Jermyn Street— I find by your letter today that when I go there next, I shall hear of something to my advantage[.] Pray accept my best thanks for the Saxon urn which will be a very valuable addition to my little collection— The New Zealand Celt will also be of much value for comparison with our native and pre-native productions— Miss Stewart desires me to thank you for your kindness in sending her the Botanical papers into which she is beginning to gain some little insight— We are all lost in admiration of your schoolgirls— M r Johns was over here today in pursuit of some Siskins and told me he had heard from you— He had enjoyed his evening with you very much— I hope next time you come here you will be able to spare us a little more time— If you are summoned up to London again remember how accessible we are & try if you cannot make your headquarters here— I gave them a paper at the Antiquaries the evg after you left us, on the flint implements from Reigate— I don’t think there was one in five of my audience who believed a word I said nor one in ten who took any interest in the implements— It was really absurd to see the utter unbelief of some of the F. S. A's. But I must try to improve their education. The fact is that most of them are Mediaeval people if they are antiquaries at all and very few know anything in the world of the provincial and purely British antiquities. I met with a few nice coins on Thursday or rather had them knocked down to me at a sale.— One of them a ‘semi—unique half sovereign of Edward VI & another a very pretty large brass of Agrippina— I am sorry to have to write in such a hurry but I would not let another post pass without writing to thank you— M rs Evans desires to be kindly remembered to you & with kind regards I remain, | yours very sincerely | John Evans Poor D r Nicholson the other night after an hour and a half’s wandering in dark lanes found himself again at my garden-gate!", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[21, 24, "CARDINAL"], [56, 65, "DATE"], [99, 105, "GPE"], [158, 171, "FAC"], [195, 200, "DATE"], [308, 313, "ORG"], [382, 402, "FAC"], [494, 501, "PERSON"], [692, 697, "PERSON"], [712, 717, "DATE"], [737, 744, "PERSON"], [933, 939, "GPE"], [1053, 1064, "LOC"], [1121, 1128, "PERSON"], [1154, 1157, "CARDINAL"], [1161, 1165, "CARDINAL"], [1212, 1215, "CARDINAL"], [1219, 1222, "CARDINAL"], [1414, 1423, "NORP"], [1531, 1538, "NORP"], [1583, 1591, "DATE"], [1642, 1645, "CARDINAL"], [1669, 1673, "CARDINAL"], [1687, 1698, "ORG"], [1736, 1745, "GPE"], [1864, 1869, "NORP"], [1962, 1993, "PERSON"], [1994, 2034, "TIME"]]}
+{"id": 2895, "text": "I send you our report of today which makes up my list to 497 promises. I shall leave London on Wednesday night & be at Cambridge in time to set off at the proper hour on Thursday morning upon my calls. I have spoken to T.F. Ellis of Triny who has been a regular attendant here about the Senior Whigs & begged him to suggest to any of those whom he may fall in with that we should be glad to have their company here; He says that many of them have refrained from coming under the impression that their presence might tell both ways & might do me harm. I have begged him to assure them that on this occasion we act together on public principle & that their assistance can do me no harm but great good. My dear Sir yrs sincerely Palmerston I send you Birch's note about Attwood by which you will see the mystery which is to be presumed as to his intentions.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[25, 30, "DATE"], [57, 60, "CARDINAL"], [85, 91, "GPE"], [95, 110, "TIME"], [119, 128, "GPE"], [151, 166, "TIME"], [170, 178, "DATE"], [179, 186, "TIME"], [219, 238, "ORG"], [283, 301, "ORG"], [726, 736, "PERSON"], [748, 753, "PERSON"], [767, 774, "ORG"]]}
+{"id": 2896, "text": "The time is now drawing near when I must leave the S. W. of England for the colder shores of Scotland– and though I can do so without risk, yet I regret to say any chance of severe weather affects me in such a way as to make me not unconscious about the events of next winter. We leave Sidmouth on the 24 th and after spending about one week at Mr Northmores (Cleve Exeter) proceed northwards. My brother in law Sir A. Eden from the state of his new house can only see us at a particular time, and we must consequently regulate our motions to suit the convenience, to a certain extent, of the friends we have promised to visit on our way– Two plans of mine are thus given up, perhaps, for prudence’ sake it is as well they should be; – an excursion to Cornwall and a visit to London (the latter would have taken in Cambridge). In all this however I am disappointed, but it cannot be helped. The climate of Edinburgh is so trying to persons with at all delicate lungs, in the winter and spring, that we have come to the resolution of leaving it either this autumn or sometime next year, and you may easily conceive how uncomfortable we felt at the present moment in not being able to arrange anything about a matter of such importance to us. If the climate of Liverpool should prove sufficiently mild it strikes me as the best place for my pursuits between Edinburgh and London. It has a Bot. Garden – a Lyceum of literature and science – a sea port for my foreign communications – a population which I sh. d think would support an annual course of lectures – and a centrical situation. I shall reconnoitre as I go north. It is I think since I last wrote to you that I have got a very large parcel of Jamaican ferns– If you have duplicates of your Monte Video collection to spare, I will take care to send you good exchanges– I have also got a parcel of Brazilian specimens from D r. Martius but no duplicates. and a parcel of New Holland Algæ, of several of which there are good duplicates & some new species, which I shall figure in my Collectanea Cryptogamica if I ever set it on going. I have got on with my Algae Britannicae pretty well and have taken notice of the whole of Mrs Griffiths’ collection. It is provoking to see some rare species just beginning to grow as I leave the place. I have laid in a great stock of many & shall render the collection I sent you more perfect. Have you heard anything about the destination of Sir J. E. Smith's collection? He kept the Linnean one separate from his own – where does the former go? Pray do not forget your intention of asking your brother to look after the ferns at Monte Video– If he has an opportunity of collecting marine algæ nothing is easier to preserve them– give them a squeeze with the hand & spread them widely between two boards without a weight and without paper – Of the specimens preserved in this way in New Holland – I have not failed once in restoring them. I sh d. think even gelatinous ones might be preserved in the same way, by sprinkling them well over with dry sand in order to keep the branches from being agglutinated. Remember us very kindly to Mrs Henslow & Believe me my dear Sir | very faithfully yours R K Greville", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[47, 56, "PERSON"], [60, 67, "GPE"], [93, 101, "GPE"], [264, 275, "DATE"], [286, 294, "PERSON"], [302, 304, "CARDINAL"], [327, 341, "DATE"], [360, 372, "PERSON"], [416, 423, "PERSON"], [639, 642, "CARDINAL"], [752, 760, "PERSON"], [776, 782, "GPE"], [815, 824, "GPE"], [906, 915, "GPE"], [971, 992, "DATE"], [1075, 1084, "DATE"], [1259, 1268, "ORG"], [1356, 1365, "GPE"], [1370, 1376, "GPE"], [1392, 1398, "PERSON"], [1531, 1537, "DATE"], [1700, 1708, "NORP"], [1747, 1758, "ORG"], [1853, 1862, "NORP"], [1878, 1890, "PERSON"], [1926, 1942, "GPE"], [2111, 2116, "NORP"], [2179, 2193, "PERSON"], [2437, 2450, "PERSON"], [2475, 2482, "NORP"], [2621, 2632, "FAC"], [2776, 2787, "CARDINAL"], [2874, 2885, "GPE"], [2935, 2937, "NORP"], [3126, 3147, "ORG"], [3187, 3199, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2897, "text": "I have brought here with me a few letters & the drawing of Taylor's Monument, that they may be forwarded to you first convenient opportunity– The plate & Rectory I could not procure, but have borrowed a copy that you may see it & have it copied if you wish– It can be returned at your convenience, as I promised it should be– I find Sir W m. getting on with his shoulder & looking very well– M rs Henslow went to Brighton last week, my 2 Boys are returned to School. I left my youngest daughter Anne at S t Albans yesterday– so there are only F. & L. at Hitcham– I am happy to say Fanny appears to have quite recovered her spirits & general health– I had written thus far when M r Gunn made his appearance & have entrusted the parcel to him– My kindest regards to all your household | believe me | Ever sincerely yrs | J S Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[59, 65, "PERSON"], [112, 117, "ORDINAL"], [337, 341, "PERSON"], [413, 421, "GPE"], [422, 431, "DATE"], [436, 437, "CARDINAL"], [495, 499, "PERSON"], [514, 523, "DATE"], [543, 550, "ORG"], [554, 561, "GPE"], [581, 586, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2898, "text": "I have been home and have developed the Sweepstakes shewn to my agent, who ?? ?? into it— I will by his advice change the allotment w. h I had previously fixed on as the competing one— and will call it L. d Ducie’s Allotment— Whitfoeld and Falfield ill.del. Formation. Wenlock Limestone upper Silurian Believe me | yrs very truly | Ducie", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[40, 51, "PERSON"], [202, 224, "PERSON"], [226, 235, "ORG"], [240, 248, "ORG"], [269, 286, "PERSON"], [293, 301, "NORP"], [330, 337, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2899, "text": "It is very difficult to form an idea of the value of one collection of plants without seeing them. I knew Sir Theo. Gage & many of his plants; & generally speaking what he collected himself were good & beautifully preserved. He had some good Portuguese plants, a portion of which he gave to me: & what Cryptogamia he collected in the South of Ireland & those which he received from the Miss Hutchens are interesting. So that had you the offer of the whole of his collection I should say they are cheap at 25£. But as you say tell me part of them only is offered I hardly know what to say. The best part may & probably is retained by his own family & what they propose to dispose of may be duplicates only, & they probably unnamed. The 200 Italian plants are good if named.– but Schleicher’s plants are trash. £25 will now a days buy 2,500 species if European plants well named, & at the dearest rate. You know the Unio Itinerario offered their plants at about 30 s the 200. Reichenbach now offers (& I have just sent Hunneman an order for a set of of German plants at 5 dollars the 100, beautifully dried & carefully named. Still I am willing to allow that the circumstance of the collection you allude to, having been Sir Theo. Gage’s, increases their value:& if there are a 1000 named species, Cryptogamia or otherwise, exclusion of Schleicher’s, I should say they are not dear. You should ask the family to give you in a collection of drawings of the Lichens of the Pleomyxa (?) family done by Sir Theo. s himself which were very beautiful. I am truly glad to find you expressing a hope that you may visit Scotland this year. Can you not come before the end of June? I think at that time of going, not to Killin as usual, with my students, but to Inverary to explore 2 or 3 mountains in that neighbourhood. The Minister of Inverary, a fair Botanist & a particular friend of mine has offered to be our guide; & he is well acquainted with the whole country. I have just had a letter from Wilson who has returned to Warrington after an absence I think of more than a year. He has laid in a vast stock of specimens & of knowledge too, & I hope he will publish specimens of his Mosses. I have induced him to give some descriptions to Sowerby for his Supplement of Engl. Bot. y What he undertakes he will do well. He is really a very extraordinary man & I scarcely know which to admire most his botanical acuteness or his private worth & character. M. rs Hooker & I both hope that when you travel in Scotland, M. rs Henslow will be with you. It will give us such pleasure to offer her every attention in our power & & if she has not yet visited the north she will see much to admire. Ever most | truly & faithfully yours |W. J. Hooker", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[53, 56, "CARDINAL"], [242, 252, "NORP"], [302, 313, "ORG"], [334, 339, "LOC"], [391, 399, "PERSON"], [735, 738, "CARDINAL"], [739, 746, "NORP"], [778, 788, "PERSON"], [810, 812, "MONEY"], [833, 838, "CARDINAL"], [850, 858, "NORP"], [914, 929, "PERSON"], [954, 962, "CARDINAL"], [969, 972, "CARDINAL"], [1051, 1057, "NORP"], [1068, 1077, "MONEY"], [1082, 1085, "CARDINAL"], [1087, 1116, "ORG"], [1276, 1280, "CARDINAL"], [1296, 1307, "ORG"], [1335, 1345, "PERSON"], [1497, 1505, "ORG"], [1610, 1618, "GPE"], [1619, 1628, "DATE"], [1654, 1669, "DATE"], [1709, 1715, "ORG"], [1751, 1759, "GPE"], [1771, 1772, "CARDINAL"], [1776, 1777, "CARDINAL"], [1827, 1835, "GPE"], [1844, 1854, "ORG"], [1990, 1996, "ORG"], [2017, 2027, "GPE"], [2056, 2072, "DATE"], [2105, 2136, "ORG"], [2177, 2183, "WORK_OF_ART"], [2233, 2240, "PERSON"], [2447, 2463, "ORG"], [2498, 2506, "GPE"], [2508, 2521, "PERSON"], [2692, 2693, "ORG"]]}
+{"id": 2900, "text": "I regret much that it is not in my power to accompany my friend Dr. Graham to London this Spring, and to Cambridge en passant, as I had last Spring the pleasure of visiting Oxford with my other friend & Professor Dr. Hooker: but I cannot resist the opportunity of writing you by him, in the hope of some time or other procuring from you a few of the rarer British species of plants that are to be found in your neighbourhood. But I will be frank with you in saying that I have not much to offer you – Scottish plants my friend Graham can give you as well as I can, and of my South of France plants my duplicates are sadly reduced – my principles as a Botanist have always been to give when I can give, and to sow information let who will reap the fruit. Of course then out of about 3½ stone of dried plants I brought from the South of France, Pyrenees, Spain and Switzerland, about four years ago, my stock after serving my own herbarium and about 25 or 30 correspondents or friends has been so much reduced that my plantae rariores have long since vanished whilst my others I am almost ashamed to offer. Pray I know not how to make a selection for you, for perhaps you have all of them already, but if Graham could induce you to visit our modern– (I had almost said Athens but the dismal recollection that we have not half a dozen of Botanists in our whole population bids me refrain from giving that absurd appellation to “Auld Reekie”. I say if Graham can induce you to pay us in the North a visit, nothing would give me greater pleasure than bidding you help yourself out of my duplicates. All I wish in return (and if you don’t wish to gain anything in return – c’en fait rien – you are still welcome to my duplicates) is your assistance to complete my specimens of the British flora. For through want of correspondents in the chalky districts of England, my herb. am is woefully deficient in British specimens of many plants that I have myself gathered on the Continent. Would a collection of well named mosses or sea-weeds give you any pleasure? I observe you have described an old discovery(?) of mine in the leaves of Malaxis paludosa– I and an old friend of mine (Mr. D. Stewart) long since saw the same thing, but I had always suspicions that the appearance was long since described. I cannot at present refer to the work, but that was the only reason why we never published our ideas: indeed what is remarkable that it was these glandular bodies or rather gemmae for they actually give rise to young plants, that made me recognize the species when Mr. Stewart & I discovered it on the Cleish Hills in 1820. Do you find it abundantly? If so I would wish much for a specimen or two for the sake of the locality. Have you found M. Loeselii? I have no British specimens although I could give you a Swiss one– With regard to their being parasitic I have doubts if in the true sense of the word any Orchideous plant is so. That is, I have doubts if any one of the tribe draws its entire nourishment from another plant– Most of the Orobancheae are truly parasitical; one cannot raise them in earth– but all the Orchideous plants may be raised either in earth or bogmoss (Sphagnum): indeed I feel confident that Malaxis paludosa does not insert a single radicular fibre within the epidermis of any plant whatever, whether of the A- Mono- or Di-cotyledoneous tribes of vegetables. But my introductory, and perhaps (but as you please) valedictory letter has drawn too much on your patience so allow me to call myself Yours truly | G.A.W. Arnott [P.S.] I beg to send you one or two brochures – Of the work I published in 1825 in Paris on the Mosses– and of my memoirs in the Wern. Trans. along with Dr. Grasler– any private copies are long since exhausted– Of my French tour I have no intention at present to publish any word – being heartily tired of the subject.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[68, 74, "PERSON"], [78, 84, "GPE"], [85, 96, "DATE"], [105, 114, "GPE"], [136, 147, "DATE"], [217, 223, "PERSON"], [356, 363, "NORP"], [501, 509, "NORP"], [527, 533, "PERSON"], [584, 590, "GPE"], [651, 659, "NORP"], [776, 790, "QUANTITY"], [822, 841, "LOC"], [853, 858, "GPE"], [863, 874, "GPE"], [876, 896, "DATE"], [942, 956, "CARDINAL"], [1203, 1209, "PERSON"], [1267, 1273, "GPE"], [1319, 1331, "CARDINAL"], [1335, 1344, "NORP"], [1425, 1436, "WORK_OF_ART"], [1448, 1454, "PERSON"], [1487, 1492, "LOC"], [1775, 1782, "NORP"], [1852, 1859, "GPE"], [1898, 1905, "NORP"], [2127, 2134, "PERSON"], [2178, 2188, "PERSON"], [2564, 2571, "PERSON"], [2597, 2603, "NORP"], [2613, 2617, "DATE"], [2688, 2691, "CARDINAL"], [2737, 2748, "PERSON"], [2760, 2767, "NORP"], [2806, 2811, "NORP"], [3037, 3048, "GPE"], [3097, 3102, "LOC"], [3158, 3163, "LOC"], [3216, 3223, "LOC"], [3519, 3524, "WORK_OF_ART"], [3579, 3582, "CARDINAL"], [3622, 3626, "DATE"], [3630, 3635, "GPE"], [3643, 3649, "FAC"], [3676, 3680, "LOC"], [3682, 3687, "ORG"], [3704, 3711, "PERSON"], [3764, 3770, "NORP"]]}
+{"id": 2901, "text": "I tried to get at you yesterday, but was told you were out of Cambridge. As Tuesday is May 1. I suppose you will be back again. Livering informs me I am combined with you in the form of a sub-committee to organise a 2.S. for the geological portion of the Nat. Sc. Tripos. Of course you must concoct the scheme & expound it more, & if I can assist I will do so. I have sent in my Botanical scheme, & rather think you are the only one who is now left to bring up the rear. In a letter from Lyell on Friday he says Prestwick & Murchison have returned from Amiens & that they consider the Celt-Drift \"on the elevation\" cotemporaneous with Drift at the bottom of the valley. If this be so, there is an end of the vast antiquity of this Drift - as the valley must have pre-existed, & not have been scooped out subsequently to its deposition. But then we must have a Catachlism (sic) & that Lyell must agree to. He urges me to examine into the point with all possible care. I had expected to have started on June 4th for Amiens with Louisa, but I have received an intimation that the Royal children want a Botanical Salad, after the Zoological repast which Owen has been giving them - & that most probably I shall be asked to concoct 3 or 4 lectures for them in June. Sir Jas Clark has written, & I have expressed myself willing if times & seasons prove agreeable. Ever Yrs affectly J .S. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[22, 31, "DATE"], [62, 71, "GPE"], [76, 83, "DATE"], [87, 92, "DATE"], [217, 221, "CARDINAL"], [252, 264, "ORG"], [265, 271, "PERSON"], [489, 494, "GPE"], [498, 504, "DATE"], [513, 534, "ORG"], [554, 562, "ORG"], [582, 596, "ORG"], [636, 641, "PERSON"], [885, 890, "PERSON"], [1002, 1010, "DATE"], [1027, 1033, "ORG"], [1078, 1083, "PERSON"], [1098, 1115, "PRODUCT"], [1127, 1137, "GPE"], [1151, 1155, "PERSON"], [1228, 1229, "CARDINAL"], [1233, 1234, "CARDINAL"], [1256, 1260, "DATE"], [1266, 1275, "PERSON"], [1359, 1367, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2902, "text": "I must return you Cap. t Corranne’s letter though I have not much time to add a reply to yours— The fact is, that there is a great difference in form workmanship & finish between the flint implements from the Drift and those of the socalled Celtic period all which I pointed out to the Royal & Antiq. n Societies and which will I suppose in due course appear in print— When you come here, I will show you in what points I make the differences to coexist as I have a considerable number of both periods— I think our last letters crossed & in your next I hope you will be able to fix a day for coming here— but the going must not be the next day— Wishing you many happy years I remain in haste yours very sincerely | John Evans.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[18, 21, "PERSON"], [25, 33, "ORG"], [241, 247, "NORP"], [282, 299, "ORG"], [301, 312, "ORG"], [631, 643, "DATE"], [713, 725, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2903, "text": "I have to return you my best thanks for three letters and their enclosures which having travelled after Lord Palmerston have this moment reached my hands all together, and which I shall dispose of as quickly as possible. The trouble taken on these lists is I assure you well (Illeg), for in a case like ours the complete elucidation of every individual vote is of much importance and may turn the election. Your information as I receive it puts me daily in the way of fresh channels of application or clears away the rubbish of names not on the boards as not having votes. I rejoice at your statement of Trinity inaccuracy because the same imperfection will have in a degree attached to the lists made use of by the other candidates. Unfortunately however they or at least Copley have a number of active men of all standings whose personal knowledge of men & their addresses supplies much that was wanting. I am sorry C.J.Ellis is linked with Thomas Flower. Ellis who I had hoped was new to your lists and who since I last wrote has been a most active and useful member of our committee. Let me particularly caution you against inferring that a man who votes for Copley is not worth persuing, unless you have clearly ascertained the second vote. I observe that in your statement to Lord P. of today you have down Perrott of Trin as adverse but I had his promise for Lord P. yesterday thru' a friend at Edinburgh I remain Dear Sir Yours very faithfully Law Sulivan", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[40, 45, "CARDINAL"], [104, 119, "PERSON"], [448, 453, "DATE"], [604, 611, "ORG"], [773, 779, "ORG"], [943, 956, "PERSON"], [958, 963, "PERSON"], [1163, 1169, "ORG"], [1233, 1239, "ORDINAL"], [1293, 1298, "DATE"], [1313, 1320, "PERSON"], [1324, 1328, "PERSON"], [1374, 1383, "DATE"], [1452, 1463, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2904, "text": "Will you have the goodness to forward the two letters which accompany this note, as I shall not be able to attend the committee this evening. Gooch's address you will get today from Corpus. The other letter is to prevent Sheepshanks from either pairing off, or promising Goulburn. yours truly J. Croft", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[42, 45, "CARDINAL"], [128, 140, "TIME"], [142, 147, "PERSON"], [171, 176, "DATE"], [182, 188, "ORG"], [221, 232, "PERSON"], [271, 279, "PERSON"], [293, 301, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2905, "text": "Accept two or three specimens which will, I trust, be acceptable to you. I send them by a kind friend, M. r Glennie of Trinity. There is a young man in this country, John Macdiarmid, who, may be called almost a native of Ceylon, who had bought with him a very large collection of drawings of the native plants of that Island, & who is desirous of employment in his favourite art, botanical painting. Can you point out to me any method of assisting him in his object – & do you look after such things as original draughts of plants? Believe me, my dear Sir, |in much haste, | most truly yours | Gerard E Smith", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[7, 10, "CARDINAL"], [14, 19, "CARDINAL"], [103, 126, "PERSON"], [166, 181, "PERSON"], [221, 227, "GPE"], [318, 324, "GPE"]]}
+{"id": 2906, "text": "I beg, leave to offer you my best thanks for your letter of the 4 th. instant. The offer of assistance on the part of yourself and the Reverend L. Jenyns. I should have highly valued at all any times, but I particularly prize it at the commencement of a work much of the value of which I feel that much of its value will depend on the general cooperation of naturalists.— I shall state at once what I think you and Mr. Jenyns could do for me. An account of the origin, rise, progress, and present state of the Museum for Natural History attached to the Philosophical Society of Cambridge, including a the notice of the latest purchases. Minute details need not be gone into, but leading dates, facts, and features, so as to give a general interest to the thing. A paper on the Natural History of Cambridge and its neighbourhood, in which might be introduced an historical account of the taste for Natural History at Cambridge, (meaning among the learned men there,) from the earliest times to the present, including notices of the different institutions, museums, lectures, Botanic Garden, &c. to which this taste has given rise, short notices of the eminent naturalists which have studied at Cambridge or lived there, and a disquisition on the influence of the study of natural history, on the other studies pursued at Cambridge – shewing how much it would add to the enjoyments of Clergymen and others destined to live in the country to have a taste for Natural History, &c. &c. so extensive a subject would of course occupy a series of papers; but being so various in its objects, it admits of being both interesting and instructive. Occasional short notices on any point, or of meetings or Transactions at the Museum, or in anyway connected with Natural History, accounts of public lectures, &c. &c., and in short a monthly letter containing scraps of information suited for various heads enumerated in the prospectus, might I should think be sensibly furnished, by or between you and Mr. Jenyns, and for which I should be singularly obliged to you, and as a mark thereof send you the work regularly as it came out. I have thus Reverend and Dear Sir, expressed to you very fully what you can do for me, and have only to repeat my best thanks to yourself and the Reverend L. Jenyns, and to add that I hope you will let me have something in time for the first number. I remain, Reverend and Dear Sir, | Much obliged and very faithfully | J. C. Loudon", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[64, 68, "QUANTITY"], [144, 153, "PERSON"], [419, 425, "PERSON"], [506, 536, "ORG"], [549, 587, "ORG"], [773, 805, "ORG"], [897, 912, "ORG"], [916, 925, "GPE"], [1074, 1088, "ORG"], [1193, 1202, "GPE"], [1320, 1329, "GPE"], [1383, 1392, "GPE"], [1456, 1480, "ORG"], [1750, 1765, "ORG"], [1820, 1827, "DATE"], [1993, 1999, "PERSON"], [2275, 2284, "PERSON"], [2356, 2361, "ORDINAL"], [2393, 2401, "PERSON"], [2438, 2452, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2907, "text": "I thank you for the liberal supply of stamps which are more than were due. You must not pay for the next N. o which I am at work upon. When you are quite at yo leisure I should like to assist to do something to record the Felixstowe discoveries. Either that place or S. t Peters-on-the-wall (close to Bradwell-juxta-mare,) must have been the Othona of the Notitia, I think the former, tho’ Bede speaks of Ythancester (sounding vastly like Othonacester) in the river Pant. I ordered a Morning Herald to be sent you last week to give you another instance of the destruction of Roman tessellated pavements &c by the ‘city authorities’, & the curious evidence adduced by M. r Price. I hope you received the paper & read the report. I remain, my dear Sir, | yours respectfully, | C Roach Smith [P.S.] We have just published some of M. r Neville’s discoveries in our Journal.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[301, 309, "PERSON"], [338, 363, "PERSON"], [390, 394, "NORP"], [405, 416, "GPE"], [439, 451, "EVENT"], [466, 470, "PRODUCT"], [514, 523, "DATE"], [575, 580, "GPE"], [667, 677, "PERSON"], [699, 710, "ORG"], [777, 788, "PERSON"], [827, 829, "NORP"], [832, 839, "GPE"], [861, 868, "ORG"]]}
+{"id": 2908, "text": "As I think it more than probable that Professor Sedgwick is at this time from Cambridge I take the liberty of making the enquiries of you that I had intended to have addressed to the Professor. Walpole St And w’s where I am now residing, is to the west of Lynn near Long Sutton Wash. Situated in a large tract of flat land, called Marshland, which has been at different times embanked from the sea, which formerly overflowed it: Amongst the disadvantages that are attached to this country the greatest is the want of water: all the springs, which are found between 15 and 30 ft below the surface are salt water and these are in the alluvial deposit – our dependence therefore for water is upon the clouds: and in a season like the present you may suppose that our inconvenience is very great: perhaps you will have the kindness to inform me whether you think that there is any prospect of our obtaining water by shutting out these salt water land springs and by boring below them: if there be any fair probability of access it will be worth making the experiment: I have always been discouraged by the great extent of flat country that surrounds us on all sides: and by the circumstance that a gentleman of Lynn, which is 10 miles to our East: made a well upwards of 500 ft and obtained no water: But on looking at Conybeare & Philip’s Geology of Eng & W. a few days since I find that in page 57 he mentions that the experiment of boring had been successful in the Marshes about the Humber: which appears to be very similar to our Marshes here: this gives me a first gleam of hope: and I shall esteem it a great favor if you will give me your views of the case. Likewise if you can give me Professor Sedgwick and Mr Conybeare’s address– Apologising for the liberty I have taken I remain | Dear Sir | Yours faithfully | R.E. Hawkinson", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[48, 56, "PERSON"], [78, 87, "GPE"], [194, 204, "PERSON"], [256, 260, "PERSON"], [266, 292, "FAC"], [331, 340, "GPE"], [557, 574, "CARDINAL"], [1207, 1211, "PERSON"], [1222, 1230, "QUANTITY"], [1238, 1242, "LOC"], [1267, 1270, "CARDINAL"], [1315, 1335, "ORG"], [1347, 1355, "ORG"], [1356, 1366, "DATE"], [1393, 1395, "CARDINAL"], [1465, 1472, "FAC"], [1483, 1489, "WORK_OF_ART"], [1531, 1538, "WORK_OF_ART"], [1561, 1566, "ORDINAL"], [1700, 1708, "PERSON"], [1713, 1725, "PERSON"], [1798, 1805, "PERSON"], [1817, 1833, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2909, "text": "Professor Henslow will have great pleasure in dining with the Master & Fellows of Trin y. Coll. on Tuesday the 6 th. but regrets that the state of M rs Henslow's health does not permit her accepting the honour proffered to her also–", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[10, 17, "PERSON"], [58, 78, "ORG"], [82, 94, "PERSON"], [99, 106, "DATE"], [111, 115, "QUANTITY"]]}
+{"id": 2910, "text": "I am sorry I could not get to the Garden a second time during my short stay in Oxford – but we found that Dr Williams was not in the University, & having so many things to see I could not spare the time – I send you a few botanical memoranda – & have to beg a favor of you, which is this– Be so good as to fill the tin box which will be sent to you with this letter with wild specimens of Senecio squalidus from the walls & forward it to me – I want to dry as many as I can get – If you procure them early one morning & send them off by the Cambridge Coach at 7 oClock either Monday, Wednesday or Friday (from the Angel) I shall get them before 8 oClock in the evening & can preserve them the same day – Be careful to select such specimens as are in good flower, & without much unnecessary stalk about them, as I shall receive the same, fit for preserving – I am going out of Cambridge for 3 or 4 days after July 2 d & would therefore thank you to send them either before then or after July 6 th Believe me | Very truly Y rs | J. S. Henslow Mr Baxter | Botanic Garden | Oxford", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[43, 49, "ORDINAL"], [79, 85, "ORG"], [109, 117, "PERSON"], [133, 146, "ORG"], [389, 396, "PERSON"], [500, 519, "TIME"], [560, 561, "CARDINAL"], [576, 582, "DATE"], [584, 593, "DATE"], [597, 603, "DATE"], [614, 619, "PERSON"], [645, 646, "CARDINAL"], [689, 701, "DATE"], [876, 885, "GPE"], [890, 901, "DATE"], [908, 914, "DATE"], [986, 992, "DATE"], [1028, 1041, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2911, "text": "I have the pleasure of enclosing to you some wild Pinks gathered from the walls of Conway Castle, where I have long observed them to grow in considerable abundance. When I mentioned the circumstance to you in [illeg] which I did myself the honor of passing to you at Cambridge & it seemed to be new to you so far as respects Conway & I hve reason to hope therefore that they may furnish an acceptible specimen to your collection. I have in my house here a very large Hortus siccus formed by my great grandfather the Bishop of Bath & Wells, should any thing happen to call you into this County I should rejoice to have it looked over by you, as I dare say that it may contain curious things which I should be glad to submit to those more capable of judging of them than myself, but it is too bulky for me to remove conveniently to London. I am Sir | your very faithful Servant | W llm John Bankes To Professor Henslow | St John’s College The Rev d G Jenyns’s | Cambridge Bottisham Hall", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[50, 55, "PERSON"], [83, 96, "FAC"], [267, 278, "ORG"], [325, 335, "ORG"], [512, 538, "ORG"], [830, 836, "GPE"], [884, 895, "PERSON"], [909, 928, "PERSON"], [958, 984, "FAC"]]}
+{"id": 2912, "text": "I regret I had not the pleasure of seeing you before your last departure from S t Albans. The more so, as I particularly wished your opinion upon 2 or 3 botanical questions, of some importance to my present studies. One of these, however, more important than the others, I shall now trouble you with. Botanists, I believe, generally admit the three great divisions of the Vegetable world to be natural; namely Dicotyledones, Monocotyledones, and Acotyledones. It appears, however, that other Botanists, among whom M srs Fries and Agardh stand conspicuous, conceive that the last named division, is much too comprehensive, and have therefore divided the Acotyledones, into three Classes, or groups, of equal value with the Dicotyledones & Monocotyledones, naming them―Protophyta, Hysterophyta and Pseudo-cotyledonea. How far have these preceding latter divisions of the Vegetable Kingdom been adopted? and where are the reasons, for or against their admission to be found? Next, I would enquire, are there real certain groupes or genera, or species, among the Acotyledones, which, in their nature, partake so much of those characters belonging to Pseudo-cotyledones, and to the Hysterophyta, or Fungi, that some doubts may be reasonably entertained under which they should be arranged? or at least, that their immediate affinities, to one or the other, are real, at first sight, unquestionably apparent? If so; what genera are the [over genera] names of these genera or species. I shall feel particularly obliged by as many details, as your time or inclination will allow you to give me upon this interesting subject and if you have no objection I should wish to mention your name as the source of my authority as these questions relate to an earlier portion of my Introduction to the second Volume of the \"Northern Zoology,\" I shall be most thankful to receive your communication at your earliest convenience. In referencing the foregoing queries I think it better, perhaps, to put the principal question in aother shape. Is there not a greater apparent affinity between the Pseudocotyledones and the Hysterophyta. than there is between either the first and the Dicotyledones? or between the Hysterophyta and the Monocotyledones? I send you the Prospectus of a Botanical work for which I entreat the patronage of your circle of friends at Cambridge, on behalf of the fair painter of Lilies. I can safely say that if it is published the excellence of the Plates will exceed any that either England or France have produced. I have no other than a friendly interest in its success and therefore beg for Subscriptions without any shame. I have thought the first volume of my Illustrations might go in the Packet and be a subject of interest at your next Scientific Party. It is a select copy, and should any one desire the purchase you could bring me the proceeds when next you visit S t Albans. I had the pleasure of seeing your brother in law Mr Jenyns about 10 days ago but very much regretted his visit was but for a few minutes. The Season has now made me a Greenhouse Plant and a visit to St. Albans assumes all the hardships of a journey to the polar regions. Believe me my d r Sir | Very faith ly yours | W. Swainson [P.S.] You will perceive I have completely baffled the expectations of Public Libraries as to free copies of the “Lilies”. They may claim the letter press but have no right to a mere collection of Plates. [in pencil] Would it be drawing too much upon your good nature to request you to place some of the Prospecti with your Cambridge Bookseller?", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[78, 88, "PRODUCT"], [146, 147, "CARDINAL"], [151, 152, "CARDINAL"], [216, 219, "CARDINAL"], [343, 348, "CARDINAL"], [410, 423, "GPE"], [425, 440, "ORG"], [446, 458, "ORG"], [492, 501, "NORP"], [653, 665, "NORP"], [672, 677, "CARDINAL"], [718, 753, "ORG"], [762, 777, "PERSON"], [779, 791, "PERSON"], [796, 802, "PERSON"], [869, 886, "GPE"], [1059, 1071, "LOC"], [1146, 1164, "ORG"], [1177, 1189, "PRODUCT"], [1194, 1199, "PERSON"], [1365, 1370, "ORDINAL"], [1785, 1791, "ORDINAL"], [2076, 2093, "NORP"], [2102, 2114, "PRODUCT"], [2149, 2154, "ORDINAL"], [2163, 2176, "GPE"], [2193, 2205, "PERSON"], [2214, 2229, "ORG"], [2340, 2349, "GPE"], [2384, 2390, "ORG"], [2455, 2461, "NORP"], [2490, 2497, "GPE"], [2501, 2507, "GPE"], [2653, 2658, "ORDINAL"], [2702, 2708, "GPE"], [2751, 2767, "ORG"], [2805, 2808, "CARDINAL"], [2881, 2891, "PRODUCT"], [2942, 2951, "PERSON"], [2952, 2969, "DATE"], [3016, 3029, "TIME"], [3035, 3041, "DATE"], [3060, 3076, "ORG"], [3092, 3102, "GPE"], [3208, 3221, "PERSON"], [3223, 3227, "PERSON"], [3419, 3425, "NORP"]]}
+{"id": 2913, "text": "I have been very busy all morn. g packing up another large box besides the one of birds mentioned in a former letter. Most unfortunately for the birds (w. ch have been ready packed more than a month, the vessel that takes them has been delayed all that time in port by the bad weather. I cannot help being afraid they may have taken injury, yet every precaution has been taken to preserve them all this time from damp, insects &c so that I trust they will reach you in good condition. The piece of Coral Goryonia verrucosa in this box is for yrself. The other box contains, Branch of Dragon tree (fresh & green) with ripe fruit – Jar of fish No. I. – D o. N o. II. – Jar A. 2 ripe Mangoes (Mangifera indica) Bottle B. Flowers of Teucrium abutiloides. – [Torn and ill.] Fruit of Ardisia excelsa D o. D. Oil extracted from the berries [of] Laurus (Persea) canariensis. – E. Fruit of Ficus stipulata & Dracaena Draco. -- F. Fruit of Vaccinium padifolium Sm. (V. maderense Spr.). – Spec m of Antipathes, scapania Lam. x? attached to a rock. – Spec m of the Canical concretions; see Bowd. Suppl. The Birds, Fish N os. I & II., Bottles N. os B, C, D, E, F, Antipathes & Canical concretions are for the [ill.del.] Philos. Soc. (you of course making first what use you please of them). -- The Fish sh d be dispersed each in separate Glass jars as soon as poss: my tickets must be left on them that I may hereafter be able properly to arrange them. Several of them are new. I shall now keep sending more to make a complete Collection. I sh. d wish all my things both now & hereafter to be left as much as possible together till I can come when the whole is completed to arrange them myself.– I am wishing much to hear from you. Kind regards to all friends, particularly L. Jenyns & tell him it annoys me that I cannot reply to his last letter this time. Both boxes are dedicated to y. r brother’s care. Freight paid for both. viz 1£ 10s. Y. rs ever sincerely | R. T. Lowe [reverse] C. Inn Tuesday dear John As directed I have stripped this half sheet of its outer clothing which I have sent to the Custom House Gent.- with instructions to forwardsame cases to you with all the dispatch immediately- We are all quite well – love & - Your affect e brother S. W. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[75, 78, "CARDINAL"], [152, 157, "PERSON"], [181, 198, "DATE"], [584, 590, "ORG"], [667, 675, "PERSON"], [681, 688, "PERSON"], [690, 699, "PERSON"], [769, 785, "ORG"], [838, 844, "PERSON"], [846, 852, "PERSON"], [899, 913, "GPE"], [956, 973, "PERSON"], [978, 982, "ORG"], [1010, 1013, "PERSON"], [1103, 1109, "ORG"], [1152, 1172, "ORG"], [1243, 1248, "ORDINAL"], [1326, 1331, "PERSON"], [1762, 1773, "ORG"], [1874, 1876, "NORP"], [1918, 1928, "ORG"], [1930, 1935, "PERSON"], [1951, 1965, "PERSON"], [1974, 1980, "PERSON"], [1981, 1988, "DATE"], [1994, 2001, "PERSON"], [2032, 2036, "CARDINAL"], [2086, 2102, "ORG"], [2247, 2260, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2914, "text": "I am grieved indeed to hear of your serious anxiety, and beg that you will not think of coming up next week unless you feel that you can do so with prefect comfort. It will not be the least inconvenience to me to take your place; and I am sure that the Senate would fully approve of my doing so. I trust however, that your apprehensions may will have been fully relieved by that time; and as Thursday will be the day of the Philosophical Club Dinner, I hope that you may be able to get up to Town in time to join us there, as I am certain that we shall all be delighted to see you. Hooker will of course be there, unless if all be well. We had a very pleasant visit from him and M. rs H. last week, amusingly varied by the circumstance that they came at half past six, instead of half past eight, in consequence of a mistake in M. rs C’s note, and naturally expected dinner; whereas my family had dined at one o’clock, and our Hall dinner also was over. They had fortunately had a substantial lunch, and M. rs C. ho extemporized as “severe” a tea for them as she could; so I hope they did not go away hungry, whilst we had the pleasure of so much more of their society. We are all quite charmed with your daughter’s good looks—she has never seemed so thriving. Believe me to be, Dear Henslow, | yours most faithf’y | W B Carpenter", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[98, 107, "DATE"], [253, 259, "ORG"], [392, 400, "DATE"], [409, 416, "DATE"], [420, 449, "ORG"], [582, 588, "ORG"], [679, 687, "PERSON"], [688, 697, "DATE"], [754, 767, "DATE"], [780, 795, "DATE"], [828, 835, "ORG"], [906, 917, "TIME"], [927, 931, "PERSON"], [1004, 1015, "PERSON"], [1279, 1291, "PERSON"], [1306, 1330, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2915, "text": "Ld Palmerston will send you the names he has received during the past two days. I will therefore confine myself to three that have been sent or given to myself. Edmund Antrobus, Joh. A. B. Case Jeven now a promise, W. H. E. S. Abdy, Jes. W. H. We at last assembled in the rooms I told you I had recommended to Lord Palmerston and though the day is very unfavourable, we have mustered pretty well. Both the Grants are here and making themselves very useful. Roberts has brought three votes, which will be in Palmerston's list. He also says that he shall not give a 2nd vote till P. is safe. Tell this to the Master with my respects. If he (R. Grant) gives a 2nd vote it will not be, as we were told, for Goulborn, but for Copley. Watson is very hearty in the cause and we have hopes of John Carr. Adieu - remembrances to all our friends - ever yrs A. Carrighan Don't be down-hearted, nor imagine the noble Lord is inert - it is not so now. I sent to Lodge and also to Pearson to tell them of the opening of this room, but neither of them have made show. Welch is here & Simons - also Lavalette - Benson, who has no vote.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[0, 13, "PERSON"], [61, 78, "DATE"], [115, 120, "CARDINAL"], [161, 176, "PERSON"], [178, 181, "PERSON"], [215, 231, "PERSON"], [233, 236, "PERSON"], [315, 325, "PERSON"], [337, 344, "DATE"], [406, 412, "ORG"], [457, 464, "PERSON"], [477, 482, "CARDINAL"], [507, 517, "GPE"], [564, 567, "ORDINAL"], [578, 580, "GPE"], [639, 641, "NORP"], [643, 648, "PERSON"], [658, 661, "ORDINAL"], [704, 712, "ORG"], [722, 728, "ORG"], [730, 736, "PERSON"], [786, 795, "PERSON"], [848, 860, "PERSON"], [950, 955, "PERSON"], [968, 975, "PERSON"], [1054, 1059, "PERSON"], [1084, 1102, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2916, "text": "Many thanks for the programme of the Hitcham Horticultural Show tomorrow. I wish I could be present. By some carelessness the botanical lists you sent me a fortnight ago have been lost –they came the day we left town for a week, & the servants I suspect mistook them for waste paper. Can you send me some more copies, as well as some more of the Bill of the Show of tomorrow? I think I might distribute them with advantage. Remember that packets of any weight come free to me if directed thus: Factories | H.M. Secretary of State | Home Department | London | L. Horner Esq. Wherever I am all letters are forwarded to me daily—I hope you are going to have an excursion with your flock this year. Our kind regards to Mrs Henslow— We are going to Charles Darwin’s next Monday for a few days, & on the 21 st I start for the North, & do not expect to be at home until the middle of September— Your’s faithfully | Leonard Horner", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[33, 63, "FAC"], [64, 72, "DATE"], [196, 203, "DATE"], [221, 227, "DATE"], [366, 374, "DATE"], [524, 547, "ORG"], [548, 572, "PERSON"], [620, 625, "DATE"], [684, 693, "DATE"], [744, 758, "PERSON"], [761, 772, "DATE"], [777, 787, "DATE"], [798, 800, "CARDINAL"], [863, 886, "DATE"]]}
+{"id": 2917, "text": "I have heard from Lord [illeg] of that you perhaps be kind enough to send me your report of the Exhibition of Garden produce by the poor. I am anxious to establish something of the kind in the Parish on a small scale & any kind hints you might be kind enough to offer I should be very thankful for. I don’t know if it is desirable that the prizes should be small or large in amount or if it is practicable to require payment from the poor for admission. I mention the latter as I have found that things of this kind often meet with more success when they are to a certain extent self supporting. I hope you will excuse my writing to you on the subject & believe me | yours truly | E Coke", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[679, 687, "PRODUCT"]]}
+{"id": 2918, "text": "I this morning, with great pleasure, received your letter of the 31st Oct. I cannot flatter myself that my correspondence can be in the smallest degree important to you, but it will certainly give me much pleasure to support it. I can scarcely persuade myself that you are so much behind in your botanical studies as you would have it believed, seeing you have taken the Bull so stoutly by the horns as to threaten publication already. I have never been bold enough, or active enough, for this, tho' I have been lecturing for ten years, - for a quarterly list of the new & rare plants which flower in the botanic Garden here, & which I describe in the Edin. new Philosophical journal, does not enable me to say I have not been totally negligent of appearing in print. There is not at this University anything deserving the name of a herbarium, but I am labouring hard to form one; I fear therefore I cannot be so great a contributor to yours as I would wish, but I shall certainly be able to spare you a few which I think you would like. Besides the University Herbarium, which I always consider myself bound to attend to in the first instance, I have also a herbarium of my own, which is however only in embryo. The arrangements I have made will I think enable me in a few years to accumulate duplicates, but at present I really have very few. August is about the only month in which I can leave Edin., but annually at this period I take a ramble in the highlands, & hereafter I shall not on these excursions forget that you have expressed a wish to have some Scotch plants. Will your zeal ever carry you among our Mountains. If so I wish you could contrive to encounter wind & rain & all kind of privations, in my company. I should pilot you with singular pleasure among scenes of such beauty, & great botanical interest. Almost without exception, I start for the north every 2d of August, the day after the close of my academical labours. I can answer for Grevelles readiness to assist you in those departments of practical botany to which he has paid particular attention. Believe me that I feel obliged to Mr Ramsay for having caused me the pleasure of your correspondence, & accept of my assurances that I will derive great satisfaction from its continuance. I am with much regard yours very truly Robt Graham", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[2, 14, "TIME"], [61, 74, "DATE"], [371, 375, "ORG"], [526, 535, "DATE"], [545, 554, "DATE"], [652, 656, "PERSON"], [789, 799, "ORG"], [1046, 1070, "ORG"], [1129, 1134, "ORDINAL"], [1268, 1279, "DATE"], [1345, 1351, "DATE"], [1361, 1375, "DATE"], [1397, 1401, "PERSON"], [1561, 1567, "NORP"], [1616, 1625, "PERSON"], [1884, 1890, "DATE"], [1892, 1899, "DATE"], [2114, 2120, "PERSON"], [2304, 2315, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2919, "text": "I had the pleasure of receiving your letter when particularly engaged, and therefore could not say in reply, till today, that I have prepared a parcel of Cryptogamous plants for your acceptance. I well know the value of doing things of this kind speedily and were it not that I am obliged at this time to calculate my very moments you would receive a larger collection. As it is, I have gone through my duplicates of British Mosses - which is the most perfect part of my trading collection. Of course some specimens are indifferent - but where I have only bad ones I have given you them rather that none. You will find most of our rarest species. I shall send the parcel by an early opportunity to your Brother's care in London. My parcels I generally receive through Baldwin Cradock & Joy, Pater Noster Row. Before quitting the mosses I must mention that many of the specimens require cleaning & washing & pressure before placing in the Herbarium - as they have been generally preserved in walking tours - in the rough. I am extremely glad that my letter contained any matter in the least serviceable to you - & in the same spirit I shall reply to you questions regarding Drawing & Demonstrations, and in the former, being an old hand, I may save you time & trouble. I rarely if ever use Indian Ink. The outline of my drawing (say the capsule of a moss) I make very strong, by the common very soft black lead pencils. I then proceed to shade with the same using the point broad and working very rapidly - mostly in the hatching manner //////. Now for the coloring - this must be done with a full brush and plenty of color. Anything almost does to shade with- but as a general rule use sepia along with the ground color - & if great depth is wanted add indigo. A sine qua non is prepared gall - a little of which dissolved in water and used pretty freely, makes the colors float as if the paper was damped. When you get into the way of it, you'll be able to put nearly the whole light & shade in one wash. Have your colors in separate saucers - and two or three glasses of water - so that in a large leaf passing from brown at the point, through yellow in the middle to green at the base, you may be able to graduate the shades without interruption. In a broad wash, always keep a wave of color as it were, following the brush. I shall fill up the next page with illustrations on a small scale which will illustrate in part what I have said. By Demonstration, I meant placing in the hand of every student a specimen similar to the one in the hand of the lecturer - sometimes only a small protion of a plant is requisite for the object in view - but what I chiefly alluded to, was the demonstration of a complete specimen - 3-5 of which would occupy half an hour. It is in fact reading a full description of the plant, - so leisurely as to enable students to examine every part and follow the description. I cannot help thinking if you try this method you will regard it as the most efficient part of the course. I doubt if you will hardly compress your course into 12 lectures. Humboldt is the chief authority of the Geography of Plants - but you will find a few interesting papers in Jameson's Phil. Journ. from Schouw's Danish work - and a curious distribution of plants by the same author, translated in Brester's Journ. of Science no 7 & 8. An interesting Essay on the distribution of Marine Algae by Lamouroux is in the Annales des Science Nat. for Jany. 1826. (you will find the essence of it inserted by me in the Edin. Journ. of Medical Science No 5). By the way, there is an excellent historical sketch of the history of Bot. Geography in the prospectus of the new work on that subject now in progress by Humboldt. It is inserted in the Bulletin des Sciences Naturel for 1826 - but I cannot say which number, as my copy is binding. Impressions of leaves have a very good effect - but are too small for a lecturer to use in the classroom. The leaf of Hydrocotyle vulgaris for instance should not be less 12 inches in diameter - and then serves 3 purposes to show an orbicular leaf, a peltate leaf, and a crenate margin. These figures are very carelessly done but they will shew the mode of execution - the moss capsule wants a little more shade, but I leave it as it is to shew the effect of one operation - (the calyptra was touched twice). NB wash from light to dark generally - at least on broad surfaces. Next month the 1st no. of the Icones Filicum will be out, by Hooker & myself -I hope you will be pleased with it. The plates for the 2nd are engraved. Pray use your interest to procure suscribers for its encouragement (Hooker & I derive no profit by it) as it costs Trettel & Wurtz some money to get it up. I have not found leisure to mention this time the plants I wish from Cambridgeshire. I am My Dear Sir Yrs. very truly R. K. Greville", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[114, 119, "DATE"], [418, 432, "ORG"], [723, 729, "GPE"], [770, 791, "ORG"], [1175, 1199, "ORG"], [1291, 1297, "NORP"], [1998, 2001, "CARDINAL"], [2051, 2054, "CARDINAL"], [2726, 2729, "CARDINAL"], [2752, 2764, "TIME"], [3069, 3071, "CARDINAL"], [3082, 3090, "ORG"], [3117, 3140, "ORG"], [3189, 3196, "ORG"], [3199, 3203, "PERSON"], [3205, 3210, "PERSON"], [3217, 3223, "PERSON"], [3226, 3232, "NORP"], [3311, 3318, "PERSON"], [3321, 3326, "PERSON"], [3331, 3347, "ORG"], [3364, 3369, "PERSON"], [3393, 3405, "ORG"], [3409, 3418, "ORG"], [3425, 3452, "LAW"], [3458, 3462, "GPE"], [3464, 3468, "DATE"], [3525, 3529, "PERSON"], [3531, 3536, "PERSON"], [3541, 3561, "ORG"], [3718, 3726, "ORG"], [3784, 3788, "DATE"], [3963, 3974, "GPE"], [4012, 4026, "QUANTITY"], [4057, 4058, "CARDINAL"], [4306, 4309, "CARDINAL"], [4424, 4434, "DATE"], [4435, 4442, "DATE"], [4450, 4468, "ORG"], [4485, 4503, "ORG"], [4553, 4560, "DATE"], [4643, 4653, "ORG"], [4690, 4705, "ORG"], [4800, 4814, "ORG"], [4849, 4863, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2920, "text": "Rev. William Bond, Benet Pl. Cambridge Rev. G. C. Crabbe, Trowbridge, Wilts Rev Hy Dugmore, Swaffham, Norfolk J. B. Greenwood Esq, re Middle Temple Rev. T. Siely, British Factory, Lisbon R. Smith (now M.D, Reading) is off the boards- Dear Henslow all the above except Dr Smith, have votes - I hope this intelligence will arrive in time Yours truly C Porter", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[5, 12, "PERSON"], [14, 18, "PERSON"], [30, 39, "GPE"], [45, 57, "PERSON"], [59, 69, "GPE"], [71, 91, "FAC"], [93, 101, "GPE"], [103, 130, "PERSON"], [135, 148, "LOC"], [154, 162, "PERSON"], [164, 171, "NORP"], [181, 196, "PERSON"], [202, 205, "GPE"], [207, 214, "GPE"], [235, 247, "PERSON"], [269, 277, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2921, "text": "If there has been any mistake regarding the catalogues & lists being returned it is of no moment because every thing has been arranged exactly as we wished –It is far better to let the china &c go –the carriage is so troublesome & I am glad that you have kept back the linnen which packs easily & in small compass, & can be put into the box. With regard to the gowns I hope you will not feel hurt if we ask you to take them they may be of use to you, & may be useful to supply a friend from the country. I use nothing but the full sleeved preaching gown – keep any of the shades you like – we have an excellent miniature – but in truth I had rather never see a likeness – I cannot tell you how much how truly we have been gratified to learn what you tell us of the intention of putting up a monumental memorial in the chapel. It is pleasing & soothing to hear of such an intended mark of respect from those whose good opinion is so estimable – I would only make one request – let it be perfectly plain – & of so little expence as to be a mere trifle from each contribution – I do not offer any subscription for two reasons 1 st – because it is a memorial from friends & not from relatives – & 2 nd – because I have placed a marble slab & inscription over his grave in the parish church of Fortingall – I have directed my brother in London to send you a small side face miniature for the medallion – we reckoned it always very like & the expence of going by coach will be trifling, even if it do not prove useful – and now Henslow one more word regarding your friendly zeal & unremitting attention to the affairs of your late friend – I have not lavished on you acknowledgement because I have been assured you know I feel them – & because I know they would be distasteful to you – I think the highest proof I can give you of the estimation in w. h I hold you, is this that I do not feel irksome the unparalled obligations which you have conferred – it is I apprehend the highest testimony I can give to the true friendship you have shewn & the single-mindfulness of your character – you have lost a brother since I wrote last – may all our afflictions be sanctified! I feel that all my loss has given a color to all my views –sobered them them not saddened them often does one ill come before me! I should be obliged by your enclosing William’s letter –I sh. d like to see his account of his action – if of course you have read it – He is an excellent creature? he is not yet in England I understand the £15 can be drawn out whenever it is wanted – I think I have nothing else to answer just now – I shall only therefore add my best wishes & regards to yourself & M .rs H– in wh I am joined by M. rs Ramsay – & with great sincerity to sign myself yours| E. B. Ramsay", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[185, 196, "ORG"], [832, 851, "ORG"], [1111, 1114, "CARDINAL"], [1123, 1124, "CARDINAL"], [1193, 1194, "CARDINAL"], [1289, 1299, "PERSON"], [1332, 1338, "GPE"], [2334, 2341, "PERSON"], [2478, 2485, "GPE"], [2693, 2705, "PERSON"], [2746, 2765, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2922, "text": "I don't know whether you care to hear Phillips, who delivers the Rede Lecture in the Senate House next Tuesday at 2 PM. It is understood that he means to attack the Darwinian hypothesis of natural selection. Sedgwick's address last Monday was temperate enough for his usual mode of attack but strong enough to cast a slur upon all who substitute hypotheses for strict induction, & as he expressed himself in regard to some of C.Ds suggestions as revolting to his own sense of wrong & right & as Dr Clark who followed him, spoke so unnecessarily severely against Darwin's views; I got up, as Sedgwick has alluded to me, & stuck up for Darwin as well as I could, refusing to allow that he was guided by any but truthful motives, & declaring that he himself believed he was exhalting & not debasing our views of a Creator, in attributing to him a power of imposing laws on the Organic World by which to do his work, as effectualy as his laws imposed upon the inorganic had done it in the mineral kingdom. I believe I succeeded in diminishing if not entirely removing the chances of Darwin's being prejudged by many who take their cue in such cases according to views of those they suppose may know something of the matter. Yesterday at my lectures I alluded to the subject, & showed how frequently naturalists were at fault in regarding as species forms which had (in some cases) been shown to be varieties, & how legitimately Darwin had deduced his inferences from positive experiment. Indeed I had, on Monday, replied to a sneer (I don't mean from Sedgwick) at his pigeon results, by declaring that the case necessitated an appeal to such domestic experiments & this was the legitimate & best way of proceeding for the detection of those laws which we are endeavouring to discover. I do not disguise my own opinion that Darwin has pressed his hypotheses too far - but at the same time I assert my belief that his Book is (as Owen described it to me) the \"Book of the Day\". I suspect the passages I marked in the Edinburgh Review for the illumination of Sedgwick have produced an impression upon him to a certain extent. When I had had my say, Sedgwick got up to explain, in a very few words, his good opinion of Darwin, but that he wished it to be understood that his chief attacks were directed aginst Powell's late Essay, from which he quoted passages as \"from an Oxford Divine\" that would astound Cambridge men as no doubt they do. He showed how greedily, (if I may so speak) Powell has accepted all Darwin had suggested, & applied these suggestions (as if the whole were already proved) to his own views. I think I have given you a fair , tho' very hasty, view of what happened & as I have just had a letter form Darwin, & really have not a minute to spare for a reply this morning perhaps you will send this to him, as he may like to know, to some extent, what happened. As he also wishes to know of all criticisms, pro & con, he will find an adverse view in the last No (just received) of the Dublin Magazine of Natural History. Of course he knows of the reply to Owen in a late Saturday Magazine & also the articles in the Spectator. Let me know as soon as you conveniently can whether my ideas of the Palace Lectures met yours. Every lecturer must, of course, be guided to a considerable extent by his own. But there may lie something or other which he has neglected, or is not aware of, that would induce him to modify his plans - I have only a fortnight more here, & have to select such materials as I think maybe useful from the Museum here & pack them up so I have not much time to spare. A few words will be enough to set me thinking & if these Lectures are to come off I should wish to make them as instructive or suggestive (as well as agreeable ) as 4 lectures may admit, & my opportunities allow. I must now have 100 auditors here the room is so full; & above 50 seem likely to try for a Pass this year. We have had 3 meetings within the week to arrange our new schemes for Triposes - & so far all is working well. Grace Hawthorn is here for +/- 24 hours. Leonard has been for 2 or 3 nights. Love to F etc. Ever affecly J. S. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[38, 46, "PERSON"], [61, 77, "ORG"], [85, 91, "ORG"], [92, 97, "ORG"], [98, 110, "DATE"], [114, 118, "TIME"], [165, 174, "NORP"], [208, 216, "PERSON"], [227, 238, "DATE"], [317, 321, "NORP"], [476, 491, "ORG"], [498, 503, "PERSON"], [562, 568, "PERSON"], [591, 599, "PERSON"], [634, 640, "PERSON"], [811, 818, "PERSON"], [870, 887, "LAW"], [1079, 1085, "PERSON"], [1220, 1229, "DATE"], [1424, 1430, "PERSON"], [1501, 1507, "DATE"], [1547, 1555, "PERSON"], [1821, 1827, "PERSON"], [1914, 1918, "WORK_OF_ART"], [1926, 1930, "PERSON"], [1951, 1971, "WORK_OF_ART"], [2009, 2029, "ORG"], [2054, 2062, "PERSON"], [2144, 2152, "PERSON"], [2213, 2219, "PERSON"], [2304, 2310, "PERSON"], [2318, 2323, "PERSON"], [2401, 2410, "GPE"], [2480, 2486, "PERSON"], [2504, 2510, "PERSON"], [2718, 2724, "PERSON"], [2744, 2752, "TIME"], [2774, 2786, "TIME"], [2922, 2931, "ORG"], [2996, 3034, "ORG"], [3071, 3075, "PERSON"], [3131, 3140, "ORG"], [3207, 3226, "ORG"], [3660, 3668, "ORG"], [3768, 3769, "CARDINAL"], [3832, 3835, "CARDINAL"], [3879, 3881, "CARDINAL"], [3912, 3921, "DATE"], [3935, 3936, "CARDINAL"], [3953, 3961, "DATE"], [3993, 4005, "ORG"], [4034, 4048, "PERSON"], [4065, 4073, "TIME"], [4075, 4082, "PERSON"], [4096, 4109, "TIME"], [4119, 4120, "PRODUCT"], [4127, 4153, "FAC"]]}
+{"id": 2923, "text": "James Stephen’s determination to give certificates to persons who had not taken out Lecture Tickets was met with very strong remonstrances on my part, but in vain. As he had not entered into the agreement into which the other certifying Professors entered, not to give Certificates without that condition, he stands upon a different footing from the rest: and I believe that practically speaking, very few persons have taken advantage of this rule. Almost all his auditors have taken out Lecture Tickets and paid for them. Still there is an obvious inconsistency in the present state of things. I have done my best to bring the Professors and the University into cooperation and have, it seems to me, to a certain extent succeeded: in spite of great difficulties; of which I may say, that the persuadence of Professors is an action most considerable. If any other person will try to amend the scheme, I shall be glad to support him, as I do not think that I shall originate anything of that kind. I find it hard enough to prevent the whole scheme being frustrated. Mrs Whewell is very far from well but is I hope improving. My kind regards to Mrs Henslow. Yours very truly W. Whewell", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[0, 13, "PERSON"], [84, 99, "ORG"], [269, 281, "FAC"], [488, 503, "ORG"], [628, 638, "ORG"], [1069, 1076, "PERSON"], [1173, 1183, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2924, "text": "I add these names", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": []}
+{"id": 2925, "text": "Our Manuscript Lists contain a variety of names which are not to be found in the Calendar at all. The presumption would be that they are off the boards but as we cannot venture to assume the correctness of the printed calendar in this respect. I am under the necessity of equating (?) the form of imposition statement from adequate authority. I am D Sir Yrs faithfully Law Sulivan", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[81, 89, "PERSON"], [369, 380, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2926, "text": "I begged Whewell to take your or my Cantab that I never received any part of. Some for you but shd have no objection to have a copy - but it is of no consequence to me if you have not plenty. I am glad you like v. 2. but did you not see the sheet in which is the blunder about Lenticula marina (which Brown tells me is Fucus natans) don't give it unnecessary publicity as it shall be corrected in a future edn. Babbage & I spent a morning over yr dike Plas Newydd & I think he will write on experiments which might be made by heat a la Hall very truly yrs Cha Lyell", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[9, 16, "PERSON"], [36, 42, "PERSON"], [214, 215, "CARDINAL"], [277, 286, "PERSON"], [301, 306, "PERSON"], [319, 324, "ORG"], [411, 422, "ORG"], [429, 438, "TIME"], [452, 467, "ORG"], [531, 540, "FAC"], [556, 565, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2927, "text": "I am engaged tonight, but if tomorrow night will suit you pray send me word to that effect. Yrs. most truly J. Griffith", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[13, 20, "TIME"], [29, 37, "DATE"], [108, 119, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2928, "text": "I ought to have kept up our crossfire of printed documents by finding this earlier– but I have had so much to do I forgot it – All went off (I may say improvingly well) – experience has now convinced me that my plan of lecturetting to mixed audiences is far preferable to delivering a formal lecture on one subject – at least upon certain occasions. Many thanks for your communications – the reason why I manage things cheaper than you is because I have scarcely any to assist me in a pecuniary way – & if I launched into expensive habits we should all run aground & our excursions & fetes be brought to a sudden stand-still – as it is I fear I spend rather more money & time in these matters than I ought – but I am satisfied they do good Believe me very truly yours J. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[415, 418, "CARDINAL"], [1048, 1058, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2929, "text": "I have looked over the proof (which I enclose) & discover no fault in it, until I arrive at the Botanical part. And there it is difficult to say what is to be assigned to mistakes in the press & what to the barbarous latinity of Botanists. Thus L.11 from bottom—Hypericum & Acer would lead one to suppose that Hypericeae, and Acerinae are the proper words: & in the same line Lineae & not Linaceae, from Linum. In the last line of the page are Plumbaginaceae & Plantaginaceae, the one from Plumbago the other from Plantago. Surely they ought to be Plumbagineae and Plantagineae. In the next page L.2. Thymelaceae is derived from Thymelaea, & therefore ought to be Thymelaeaceae. L.3 Salicaceae is given as the adjective from Salix, which surely ought to be Salicineae. L.8. I suppose Epigynae ought to be Epigyneae L.10 ----------- Hypogynae ------------ Hypogyneae L.11 ---------- Melanthaceae --------- Melanthiaceae I say nothing of such words as Orchidaceae, Iridaceae, & Amaryllidaceae: Prof r Henslow’s love for terminations in aceae seems to account for them. Otherwise adjectives from Iris, Orchis & Amaryllis, might possibly have been more classical as Iridieae, Amaryllideae, Orchideae. I think it well to send you Prof r Henslow’s address: it is “Hitcham |nr Hadleigh |Suffolk”—it may possibly save you trouble to request him to look over his part of the paper. I am D r Mr Vice-Chancellor Yours very truly | Wm Clark", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[96, 105, "ORG"], [229, 238, "PERSON"], [262, 278, "ORG"], [310, 320, "PERSON"], [326, 334, "ORG"], [376, 397, "ORG"], [404, 409, "GPE"], [444, 475, "ORG"], [490, 498, "ORG"], [514, 522, "ORG"], [548, 560, "PERSON"], [565, 577, "GPE"], [596, 599, "PERSON"], [601, 612, "PERSON"], [629, 638, "GPE"], [664, 677, "PERSON"], [679, 693, "PERSON"], [725, 730, "ORG"], [757, 767, "PERSON"], [784, 792, "NORP"], [805, 814, "PERSON"], [832, 841, "PERSON"], [855, 865, "PERSON"], [905, 918, "PERSON"], [950, 961, "GPE"], [963, 972, "GPE"], [976, 990, "PERSON"], [999, 1006, "PERSON"], [1093, 1117, "ORG"], [1162, 1170, "GPE"], [1172, 1184, "GPE"], [1225, 1239, "PERSON"], [1258, 1278, "ORG"]]}
+{"id": 2930, "text": "Accept the assurance of M. rs C’s and my sincerest sympathy in your bereavement; and our hope and expectation that you will feel yourself supported under it by that large and deep assurance of the paternal care of an All-wise Creator, which […] [part of letter missing] [overleaf] […] a set of Hooker’s specimens that there might be no difficulty in identifying the descriptions. The glance I took at it made me to believe that ten minutes will suffice you to dispose of it. With kindest regards to Hooker & his wife, believe me to be Yours most faithf y | William B Carpenter", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[24, 31, "ORG"], [226, 233, "PERSON"], [294, 300, "ORG"], [428, 439, "TIME"], [499, 507, "ORG"], [535, 540, "ORG"], [553, 576, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2931, "text": "I thank you for the Reports which are very satisfactory, & I am glad to see that Miss Richardson gives so much satisfaction. I shall send the reports to our Master at Highgate, & will recommend him to consider whether to any extent your example can be followed there. The Committee of Council would do a great good if they sent 100 copies of your reports to every one of their Inspectors for distribution. There is nothing like an example! – If any thing comes in my way the least likely to contribute to your collection of useful objects I will bear you in mind. We came back a week ago and are likely to remain; so if you should come to town you are pretty sure to find us - & you know, I hope, how glad we should be to see you. If Lyell returns from Yorkshire tomorrow, as the Pertz’s are here from Berlin, and the Bunbury’s from Mildenhall, Mrs Horner & I will sit down to dinner tomorrow with our six daughters and our four sons in law, with the addition of our three grandsons at dessert – a joy and blessing to my wife and me, for which we cannot be too grateful to God. The Bunburys are on their way to Malvern- The Glasgow Meeting appears to have gone off capitally. Darwin enjoyed it much I hear. I have heard nothing of Hooker; suppose he is in Germany and M rs Hooker with you- Give our kind regards to all your house & believe me faithfully yours Leonard Horner I see you have changed your post town-", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[86, 96, "PERSON"], [167, 178, "ORG"], [268, 292, "ORG"], [328, 331, "CARDINAL"], [364, 367, "CARDINAL"], [577, 587, "DATE"], [672, 678, "ORG"], [734, 739, "PERSON"], [753, 762, "GPE"], [763, 771, "DATE"], [780, 785, "GPE"], [802, 808, "GPE"], [818, 825, "ORG"], [833, 843, "ORG"], [884, 892, "DATE"], [902, 905, "CARDINAL"], [924, 928, "CARDINAL"], [967, 972, "CARDINAL"], [986, 993, "ORG"], [1176, 1182, "PERSON"], [1231, 1237, "ORG"], [1256, 1263, "GPE"], [1268, 1279, "ORG"], [1360, 1374, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2932, "text": "The payment must refer to vol.3 of the Collectanea & other Abbé Cochel’s work. Vol. 4 you can pay for when you please; the notice was not meant for you & such as you. You are the only subscriber I have had from the Liverpool meeting!! I never calculated on more than 5 from such a source. Chiefly from my own connections I have now about 180 names. You say you have seen the Collection. I have never yet had the chance of sitting down to it quietly. Some time since when I wanted the MSS, M. r Hawkins refused them! –Now however they are with me. I hope you will carefully read over what I have written about the history of this collection. No one has seen it for 40 years, until, (after great pains,) I induced D. r F to grant me access to it. I suppose you now the 3000 people of the Liverpool Meeting are satiated with these remains I may quietly & undisturbedly get to work upon them. I send you an extra circular in case you can enlist any Subscriber. I was sorry I had not the pleasure of seeing you. I came in within 10 minutes after you had left. Believe me, | my dear Sir, | Your’s very sincerely | C. Roach Smith [P.S.] When the B.A.A. could not publish the MSS I offered to do it at my own risk. D. r F. would not consent, saying he had no recollection of ever saying he would allow anyone to do so! See the note of thanks he received from us at Canterbury!!", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[59, 70, "PERSON"], [79, 82, "PERSON"], [84, 85, "CARDINAL"], [215, 224, "NORP"], [257, 268, "CARDINAL"], [332, 341, "CARDINAL"], [375, 385, "PRODUCT"], [664, 672, "DATE"], [712, 714, "NORP"], [767, 771, "CARDINAL"], [782, 803, "ORG"], [1024, 1034, "TIME"], [1106, 1128, "PERSON"], [1139, 1145, "ORG"], [1207, 1214, "PERSON"], [1357, 1367, "ORG"]]}
+{"id": 2933, "text": "It would give us much pleasure if you would dine with us today at 6 to meet a great friend of ours Mr Scott Yours very truly H Wedgwood", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[57, 62, "DATE"], [66, 67, "CARDINAL"], [99, 113, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2934, "text": "Your letter of the 21 st of March followed me here & I have been so much occupied that day after day I have had self reproaches for allowing it to remain so long unacknowledged. I thank you for remembering to let me see the continued progress & success of your unremitting & invaluable labour for the welfare of your flock. I wish I knew anyone in this region whom I could rouse to an imitation of what you have done & are doing. The town clergy must work in other directions, & I scarcely know one of those in the rural districts. I think the Bishop of Manchester would be very likely to know some who would take to such a course of welldoing, & I think that he would give every encouragement to it. I wish I could be the means of bringing you & him together, that you might tell him what you do & how you do it. He tells me he is not likely to be much in London this season, as he has the Bishopric of Durham also on his hands at present; but if I find him in Town I will let you know. The rejection of Lord J. Russell’s education resolutions is what I expected. I wonder how any one takes the trouble to bring the subject forward in parliament, for let a man propose what he may, he is sure to be defeated by the one party or another. When things have got so bad that the country will be in a fright, something will be done, not sooner. I expect to be again in town in the course of a Month, but before that to spend the first week of May at Mildenhall. M rs Horner & our daughter Joanna are here and write in best regards to yourself and M rs Henslow. The Hookers we got a good account of yesterday, as there was a large party of Lyells at Kew last week— Much praise of Willy— Your’s faithfully | Leonard Horner", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[19, 21, "CARDINAL"], [28, 33, "DATE"], [82, 90, "DATE"], [220, 252, "ORG"], [857, 863, "GPE"], [864, 875, "DATE"], [887, 910, "ORG"], [1010, 1020, "PERSON"], [1216, 1219, "CARDINAL"], [1386, 1393, "DATE"], [1420, 1434, "DATE"], [1445, 1455, "ORG"], [1462, 1470, "ORG"], [1484, 1490, "PERSON"], [1560, 1567, "ORG"], [1593, 1602, "DATE"], [1644, 1647, "PERSON"], [1648, 1657, "DATE"], [1674, 1679, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2935, "text": "I have received from Dr. Williams our Professor of Botany the following replies to your Queries There are 3 Acres of Grounds within the walls but in the whole Garden about 5 Acres– That within the walls is the parts now especially appropriated as a Botanic Garden. There is one old, small, and very inferior hot house and three Greenhouses, the two best of which are about 30 feet in length.– The third & most ancient one is but little used The Salary of the Curator is 60 p. ann. which D r. W. thinks too low.– He has likewise a house. The number of men employed is small – 3 or 4 – with occasional extra assistance may be stated as about the mark.– The whole annual expenditure varies from £230 to £280, which is insufficient– The funds are derived from property left to the University, with assistance from the University Chest and from the Exchequer.– The Ground is the property of Magdalen College but is let at a nominal rent believe me | dear Sir | Yrs. very assuredly | C. Daubeny", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[25, 33, "PERSON"], [106, 113, "QUANTITY"], [166, 179, "QUANTITY"], [247, 263, "FAC"], [322, 327, "CARDINAL"], [345, 348, "CARDINAL"], [367, 380, "QUANTITY"], [397, 402, "ORDINAL"], [441, 466, "WORK_OF_ART"], [470, 479, "QUANTITY"], [487, 501, "PERSON"], [575, 576, "CARDINAL"], [580, 581, "CARDINAL"], [777, 787, "ORG"], [810, 830, "ORG"], [844, 853, "ORG"], [860, 866, "PERSON"], [886, 902, "ORG"], [954, 959, "PERSON"], [976, 988, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2936, "text": "I go to the Isle of Wight early on Friday morn & on my return will do any thing that is in my power to further your scheme of the Museum & will not fail to look out some fruits for you. If I were to bring forward my Portrait scheme now I should certainly damage the spirited undertaking of an excellent Friend Ransome & therefore I have put it on the shelf, at least for a while. I took good Daguerreotypes of Buckland & Murchison last Monday in one of our Friends series and they are now at Maguires. There are two causes of the fine dust that appears on Daguerreotypes. The first one is, that the picture is always composed of minute mealy particles predominating in the lighter parts & nearly absent in the darker parts & thus it is the picture is produced. The second cause is rather too long an exposure to the Mercury, & then it is an additional crop of larger particles equally dispersed over the surface, but at considerable distance from each other comparatively. This second effect is not a desirable one but often occurs in the best Daguerreotypes. The portraits of yourself an[d] the Bishop are much admired as having so very characteristic expression I remain | My Dear Sir | yours most truly | J S Bowerbank", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[8, 25, "LOC"], [35, 41, "DATE"], [126, 138, "ORG"], [303, 319, "ORG"], [392, 430, "ORG"], [431, 442, "DATE"], [446, 449, "CARDINAL"], [512, 515, "CARDINAL"], [556, 570, "LOC"], [576, 581, "ORDINAL"], [765, 771, "ORDINAL"], [816, 823, "ORG"], [978, 984, "ORDINAL"], [1096, 1102, "ORG"]]}
+{"id": 2937, "text": "I send you a few votes Yrs Sincerely Palmerston", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[23, 47, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2938, "text": "Thank you for you nice & useful Catalogue of British Plants & for your letter of the 10 th of May. I am gratified too with the prospect of your coming to Scotland & of my thus being able to make your personal acquaintance. I wished to have done so two months ago when I spent some time in England. I hoped to have gone by Oxford & have returned by Cambridge. The former I accomplished. The latter I could not:- for as usual, I found myself much hurried immediately previous to coming away from London. … Graham who spent a few days with me last week told me of the plan you had in view for visiting Scotland. My excursions to the Highlands with the Students will be the latter end of June. It depends upon the Sacrament of the Parish in which the Lectures are given, which I think is necessarily a vacation from the duties of the Class. This year I shall start on the 23 d (tuesday.) We go down the Clyde to Dumbarton to breakfast:― Take the public conveyance to Balloch at the lower end of Loch Lomond & get the steamer to take us to the head of the Lake by 2 in the afternoon. Then, we are only 26 miles from Killin, where there is accommodation for our party, & that distance we have usually walked: but I think I shall order some sort of vehicles to meet us & convey us the last ten or 12 of these miles. Killin as you know is at the head of Loch Tay & at the foot of some of the best of the Breadalbane Mountains. We ascend the nearest on wednesday.— take Ben Lawers perhaps on the thursday. Some other one in the vicinity on the friday & return on the Saturday. I expect our friend Wilson of Warrington will be here unless, poor fellow, he should have a fit of the Blue d—ls. He is an extraordinary man both in disposition & mental powers: & I really think the very acutest British Botanist we now have. But so tormented by hypochondriasis that he makes himself miserable for weeks together. M r. Christy too is coming from London & they too probably will stop a few days longer than I can do, tied as I am to my Class. So that, if you choose it, you can devote more time to the Breadalbane M ts– & you cannot do it under better auspices than those of M r. Wilson. Douglas too I expect will be here & M r. Arnott of Edinburgh. I hope you will continue to be here at the time. Brown has promised to come in the Autumn: but he has often promised to do before; & not performed his promise. We never can be sure of him. I will write at once to Drummond that he may prepare a set in 2 vol s. 4 to of his Maps of N. America. The price is 3 g s.—260 or 270 kinds:— & most beautiful! He has more orders than he can immediately supply & this book will soon be a great rarity. Plate 25 of Bot. Miscellany was omitted by mistake & will be given extra with Part II. This is one of several blunders committed by being in Scotland while the book was got up in London. N r. 2 & all the rest will be published here. The Engravings for N o. 2 are all ready & the first sheet is already printed. In speaking of our friend Lowe, \"Cryptogamma\" aut to have been Gymnogamma. I wish I could offer you a bed when you come to Glasgow, but I fear my small house will be full. You will find the Royal Hotel I think the most comfortable here, or the George Hotel (Hutton's) Yours ever my dear Sir, most truly & faithfully | W. J. Hooker", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[32, 61, "ORG"], [85, 87, "CARDINAL"], [94, 98, "GPE"], [154, 167, "ORG"], [248, 262, "DATE"], [289, 296, "GPE"], [322, 330, "ORG"], [348, 357, "GPE"], [405, 410, "ORG"], [494, 500, "GPE"], [504, 510, "PERSON"], [521, 531, "DATE"], [540, 549, "DATE"], [599, 607, "GPE"], [630, 639, "GPE"], [684, 688, "DATE"], [747, 755, "ORG"], [837, 846, "DATE"], [868, 870, "CARDINAL"], [874, 881, "DATE"], [899, 904, "PERSON"], [908, 917, "FAC"], [963, 970, "GPE"], [991, 1004, "ORG"], [1051, 1055, "LOC"], [1059, 1060, "CARDINAL"], [1092, 1105, "QUANTITY"], [1111, 1117, "GPE"], [1254, 1270, "ORG"], [1274, 1292, "DATE"], [1309, 1315, "PERSON"], [1346, 1356, "ORG"], [1392, 1417, "FAC"], [1444, 1453, "DATE"], [1461, 1471, "PERSON"], [1487, 1495, "DATE"], [1535, 1541, "DATE"], [1542, 1543, "WORK_OF_ART"], [1558, 1566, "DATE"], [1588, 1594, "PERSON"], [1598, 1608, "GPE"], [1780, 1787, "NORP"], [1788, 1796, "NORP"], [1882, 1887, "DATE"], [1898, 1910, "PERSON"], [1930, 1938, "ORG"], [1967, 1977, "DATE"], [2081, 2104, "FAC"], [2158, 2169, "PERSON"], [2171, 2178, "PERSON"], [2205, 2218, "ORG"], [2222, 2231, "GPE"], [2282, 2287, "PERSON"], [2446, 2454, "PERSON"], [2484, 2485, "CARDINAL"], [2538, 2539, "CARDINAL"], [2552, 2555, "CARDINAL"], [2679, 2681, "CARDINAL"], [2690, 2700, "GPE"], [2768, 2771, "CARDINAL"], [2814, 2822, "GPE"], [2852, 2858, "GPE"], [2953, 2958, "ORDINAL"], [3011, 3015, "PERSON"], [3048, 3058, "PERSON"], [3110, 3117, "GPE"], [3173, 3188, "FAC"], [3227, 3243, "FAC"], [3245, 3251, "ORG"], [3303, 3317, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2939, "text": "I trust you will forgive the liberty a stranger takes in sending you a list of some of the scarcer plants growing in this neighbourhood— It was my intention to have sent it by my friend M r. Green, of Lewes— he unfortunately left York sh. without my seeing him— It is partly at his suggestion that I write to you.-- In this most delightful of pursuits I have been considerably assisted by a M r. Langley, a F.L.S. and an excellent & indefatigable botanist— all the plants mentioned in the other page were gathered by us in their wild state, last summer. We shall have sincere pleasure in sending you any of the specimens you think proper. In the list you will find the Anagallis cærulea— this lovely flower grew among the A. arvensis— there seems to be no difference between the two plants, except in the colour of the petals— Botanists in constituting this a species, seem to deviate from the maxim of Linnæus— 'Nisium ne crede colori.' The Campanula patula accords exactly with the description in Smith's Flora. M r. Atkinson of Leeds however in his paper in the Wernerian Memoirs says it does not grow in Yorksh.— I visited its habitat on the 27 ult, & it was still in flower. I wish much that you sh d. see it— that we may know its certainty— The Scheuchzeria palustris I gathered at Lakeby Car, nr Boro' Bridge, while on a visit to a relation; I found it in seed, & it is said that this is only habitat known in Engl d.— still M r. Atkinson does not mention it.— But I must not trespass longer on your time— So highly interested am I in the study of Botany as well as of Entomology, that to hear from you on those subjects w d. give me sincere pleasure: I will only add that if can in any way serve you, you may be assured of the readiness of yours | most truly | Edward Wilson P.S. I have dried specimens of most of the plants mentioned in the next page— as directed by M r. Green— at Swinton & the neighbourhood Draba verna Mar 16 Saxifraga tridactyle Ap.23 Tormentilla reptans Viscum album Ophioglossum vulgatum Hottonia palustris Nuphar lutea Hydrocharis morsus-ranae July 20 Trifolium officinale Adoxa moschatellina May 3 Daphne laureola Apr 11 Helleborus viridis Apr 7 at Conisbro' Castle Arenaria trinervis serpyllifolia Circaea lutetiana Fumaria capreolata Echium vulgare Anagallis caerulea Campanula patula Orchis morio Tragopogon pratense Lamium amplexicaule Sagittaria sagittifolia Neottia spiralis Asperula odorata Lycopsis arvensis Sanguisorba officin. Campanula latifolia Hypericum pulchrum Epipactis latifolia Bryonia dioica Convolvulus sepium Montia fontana Verbascum thapsus Triglochin palustre Polygonum amphibium Saponaria officinalis Origanum vulgare at Roche Abbey June 21 Scolopendrum vulgare Poterium sanguisorba Listera ovata (Ophrys) Lysimachia nemorum Paris quadrifol. Colchicum autumnale in seed Myosotis palustris Melica nutans ------ uniflora Aquilegia vulgaris Cistus helianthemum Pinguicula vulgaris only one specimen Prenanthes muralis Veronica montana at Brodsworth July 3 on limestone soil Ophrys apifera ------ muscifera Orchis ustulata ------ bifolia Orchis pyramidalis ----- conopsea Chlora perfoliata Campanula glomerata Bupleurum rotundifol. Astragalus hypoglottis Thymus acinos Ononis arvensis Anthyllis vulneraria Hypericum montanum --------- hirsutum Reseda lutea Antirrhinum minus Centaurea scabiosa Antirrhinum elatine Caucalis daucoides at Thornton Bridge nr Boro' Bridge Aug 3 Atropa belladonna Eupatorium cannabinum Lythrum salicaria Cynoglossum offic. Hyoscyamus niger Drosera longifolia at Lakely Carr ------- rotundifol. Vaccinium oxycoccus Scheuchzeria palustris Eriophorum vaginatum Comarum palustre (Lakely Carr to here) Verbena officinalis Gentiana pneumonanthe Narthecium ossifragum Anagallis tenella at Wharncliffe Aug 31 Fumaria clavata", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[186, 196, "PERSON"], [201, 206, "ORG"], [230, 234, "PERSON"], [389, 403, "PERSON"], [541, 552, "DATE"], [669, 678, "PERSON"], [779, 782, "CARDINAL"], [827, 836, "NORP"], [903, 910, "ORG"], [913, 935, "WORK_OF_ART"], [942, 951, "LOC"], [999, 1004, "GPE"], [1062, 1083, "GPE"], [1109, 1115, "PERSON"], [1147, 1149, "CARDINAL"], [1248, 1276, "WORK_OF_ART"], [1289, 1299, "PERSON"], [1304, 1316, "FAC"], [1418, 1422, "NORP"], [1433, 1446, "PERSON"], [1556, 1562, "GPE"], [1768, 1788, "PERSON"], [1893, 1906, "ORG"], [1923, 1928, "GPE"], [1939, 1941, "CARDINAL"], [1942, 1951, "NORP"], [1989, 1995, "PERSON"], [2024, 2032, "GPE"], [2043, 2049, "GPE"], [2056, 2067, "GPE"], [2081, 2088, "DATE"], [2110, 2115, "ORG"], [2130, 2135, "DATE"], [2152, 2158, "PERSON"], [2189, 2214, "FAC"], [2239, 2256, "PERSON"], [2257, 2282, "ORG"], [2291, 2300, "ORG"], [2310, 2319, "PRODUCT"], [2340, 2350, "GPE"], [2360, 2366, "ORG"], [2404, 2411, "ORG"], [2421, 2429, "PERSON"], [2438, 2446, "PERSON"], [2456, 2467, "GPE"], [2516, 2525, "GPE"], [2536, 2543, "GPE"], [2570, 2594, "PERSON"], [2603, 2613, "FAC"], [2643, 2664, "LOC"], [2687, 2719, "ORG"], [2749, 2756, "PERSON"], [2764, 2770, "ORG"], [2772, 2782, "PRODUCT"], [2791, 2796, "GPE"], [2808, 2817, "NORP"], [2836, 2861, "PERSON"], [2885, 2910, "ORG"], [2924, 2934, "NORP"], [2944, 2952, "CARDINAL"], [2981, 2997, "GPE"], [3003, 3020, "EVENT"], [3039, 3045, "ORG"], [3136, 3142, "FAC"], [3154, 3183, "FAC"], [3219, 3225, "GPE"], [3233, 3239, "NORP"], [3249, 3258, "ORG"], [3270, 3279, "PERSON"], [3308, 3314, "ORG"], [3321, 3332, "PERSON"], [3339, 3348, "PERSON"], [3378, 3386, "ORG"], [3402, 3426, "FAC"], [3517, 3527, "ORG"], [3534, 3541, "PERSON"], [3556, 3586, "FAC"], [3608, 3641, "ORG"], [3652, 3668, "PERSON"], [3683, 3687, "PERSON"], [3697, 3704, "PERSON"], [3717, 3725, "PERSON"], [3761, 3770, "ORG"], [3782, 3800, "FAC"]]}
+{"id": 2940, "text": "I am got so far on my way northwards, and in a letter which I got last night I have received intelligence about Ramsay which makes me write to beg you to tell me if you have heard anything more of him since I parted with you. I would willingly believe that my correspondent may be mistaken. Address me at the Post Office Manchester where I shall be in the beginning of next week. I have been rambling about this country with great pleasure much delighted with the performances of the limestone and its rivers. On the whole I have had delightful weather, but my last expedition the day before yesterday was an exception. I went through Dovedale in a most persevering rain. In the middle of the glen and, of course, of the rain, I met Power, Thomas, and two other men I think both of Cambridge who were doing their duty of as seers of sights no less resolutely than Airy and myself. However Dovedale is worth a little inconvenience for I do not think anything can be more beautiful than the church part of the ravine with its spires of rock and robes of wood and mosses. Mrs Airy was is a one of our companions in the expedition of which this was a portion, but she fortunately avoided all the rainy part of our travels. I suppose all in Cambridge is very quiet and solitary I expect to be there in about a month. Give my regards to Mrs Henslow and my love to Mesdemoiselles Fanny and Louisa. Mr Airy’s little creature is marvelously improved here, being shown incomparably more lively and intelligent than he was at Cambridge. Dear Henslow | yours affectionately | W. Whewell", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[66, 76, "TIME"], [112, 118, "PERSON"], [352, 378, "DATE"], [577, 601, "DATE"], [635, 643, "ORG"], [740, 746, "PERSON"], [752, 755, "CARDINAL"], [782, 791, "GPE"], [864, 868, "PERSON"], [889, 897, "ORG"], [1073, 1077, "PERSON"], [1237, 1246, "GPE"], [1298, 1311, "DATE"], [1336, 1343, "PRODUCT"], [1359, 1379, "PERSON"], [1384, 1390, "PERSON"], [1395, 1399, "PERSON"], [1516, 1525, "GPE"], [1527, 1541, "PERSON"], [1563, 1575, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2941, "text": "So many good news contain both your esteemed letters, the first of which is dated Febr. 28, the second July 13, that indeed I feel at a loss how to proceed in congratulating you. Believe me that I read with very great pleasure the news of your having taken a husband & order in church, as well as those communicated by Prof Whewell of your lady's having presented you with a healthy & handsome child. I hope I shall see young Mr Henslow one day on his tour on the continent. Your appointment as Prof. of Botany & the reorganisation and removal of the botanical garden have given me likewise very great satisfaction, and I wish from all my heart, you may always find that happiness in your family, and in nursing and conversing with Flora's children, which most of their friends enjoy. I feel very much obliged for your having been so kind to introduce to me Prof. Whewell, with whom I spent some very agreeable hours, & who was kind enough to forward this letter together with the packet of dried plants. - The second collection of Brittish plants, which you favoured me with by Mr Jacob, contained a great deal of very interesting plants. I tell you my best thanks, and would be very much obliged to you, if you could procure me some duplicates of those, which I shall mention at the end of this letter. Practice & medical employment in general prevent me from studying much botany,however I try to find out now and then some minutes to dedicate to it. Adding to this that I have been married about three months ago, you will excuse my not having made up for you a richer collection than you will you find in the joint packet. I added some cryptogamics which perhaps will not be disagreeable to you. - I inclosed two catalogues of dried plants, which are to be sold, & which my friends DDr. Preppig & Sadler asked me to communicate to my Correspondents. The price of the small American plants (200 specm) is £3.8.., of the small hungarian taken at Leipzig £1.10. the specimens of both are very fine, and the tickets of the american ones printed as you may see in the catalogue. If you or any of your botanical friends should be desirous of them I should find great pleasure to procure you some. I am Sir very truly Yours Dr Justus Radius Desiderata Fumaria claviculata Antirrhin. repens [?]anth. caryophyllus ['X' pencil] [?Sa]xifraga stellaris ['X' pencil] [?]nemaritima [?Epi]lobium alsinifol. [?]at. Limonium ['X' pencil] [?S]tellaria minor [?S]atyrium viride Orchis apifera ['X' pencil] 2nd column Malaxis paludosa ['X' pencil] Betonica officinalis - appears to be different of our plant, which Prof. Sprengel calls B. stricta. Picris echioides Sison Anicomum(?) ['X' pencil] Balloto nigra - appears to be the genuine Linnaean Species since our plant is a new species B. vulgaris; it particularly varies by the calyx. Stat. Armeria ['X' pencil] Caucal. nodosa Cineraria integrifol. ['X' pencil] Papaver hybrid. Glaucium violac. ['X' pencil, note by Henslow] to those sent since this time", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[58, 63, "ORDINAL"], [82, 86, "ORG"], [92, 110, "DATE"], [319, 331, "PERSON"], [426, 436, "PERSON"], [437, 444, "DATE"], [732, 737, "PERSON"], [864, 871, "PERSON"], [891, 919, "TIME"], [1011, 1017, "ORDINAL"], [1032, 1040, "NORP"], [1079, 1087, "PERSON"], [1305, 1323, "ORG"], [1422, 1434, "TIME"], [1494, 1516, "DATE"], [1714, 1717, "CARDINAL"], [1792, 1808, "ORG"], [1878, 1886, "NORP"], [1895, 1898, "CARDINAL"], [1910, 1913, "MONEY"], [1930, 1939, "NORP"], [1949, 1956, "GPE"], [2024, 2032, "NORP"], [2225, 2238, "PERSON"], [2253, 2282, "PERSON"], [2328, 2338, "GPE"], [2498, 2501, "ORDINAL"], [2541, 2549, "PRODUCT"], [2614, 2622, "PERSON"], [2629, 2639, "PERSON"], [2641, 2647, "PERSON"], [2691, 2698, "ORG"], [2783, 2794, "GPE"], [2839, 2846, "PERSON"], [2877, 2886, "PERSON"], [2967, 2974, "ORG"]]}
+{"id": 2942, "text": "It is a long time since any thing passed between us, -- but I fear I am myself in fault, as if I am not mistaken you were the last to write.— I heard too the other day, in a roundabout way, how full your letter clip was of unanswered letters:— as none of mine was among them, I could hardly expect that these would be passed over to attend to me. The same informant told me how busy you were with engagements abroad & occupations at home. This is nothing new, — & if your correspondents are to wait till your hands are free & your head vacant, they may wait for ever.— I ought, perhaps, to have, written sooner to congratulate you on George’s marriage, but to say the truth, I hardly knew whether it was a matter of congratulations or not.— Louisa, I suppose, who was keeping house for him, now gives place to the new comer, & is returned upon your hands. — This you will be glad of, as you would hardly like to be without some of your children to keep you company.— I was sorry not to see you when you visited Elizabeth in Bath: we were in Gloucestershire at the time, where I left Jane with her family whilst I paid a visit to Charles in Kent, after which we both returned here & never went to the sea this summer. I felt however much better for the little outing I had, & am now as well as I was before my illness.— What think you of Darwin’s book?— Perhaps, however you saw it all in mss. He was good enough to send me a copy, which I am reading with great avidity;— I have not as yet had time to get far, but agree with him in a great deal of what I have mastered. Still I fear he is prepared to go to such lengths that we shall part company, in regard to our views about species, before I reach the last chapter of his work. Is he really prepared inclined to the opinion — that all animals & plants have descended from one prototype, —say— as the reviewer in last Saturday’s Athenaeum says, — that “a cabbage (or anything else I suppose) may have been the parent plant, — a fish the parent animal. If too there has never been any subsequent creation of species since the protozoic ages, how does he get over the fact of man’s existence, without holding him to be a mere modified monkey! In the same Athenaeum above alluded to, I read with interest your letter on the ‘Celts in the flint”; — but I do not quite understand your “younger man”, who first says he is “positive that some (celts) had occurred in the bed where the fossils are met with”, — & afterwards, on being closer questioned by you, says “They (who believed this) must be very simple-folk to think so, &c.—” Is there nor some contradiction here between his two statements?— Have you heard that Hope, who presented all his Entomological collections & Books to the University of Oxford a few years back, now comes forward with an offer to found and endow a Zoological Professorship there, if they will accept it. The thing is not done yet in a formal way, —but if adopted & carried out, I hope Cambridge will in due time follow the example.— Is anything more stirring on the subject of new museums, &c— My wife is much as usual, & joins in kind love to Louisa & yourself.— Yours affectly— | L. Jenyns.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[154, 167, "DATE"], [634, 640, "PERSON"], [741, 747, "PERSON"], [1011, 1020, "PERSON"], [1041, 1056, "GPE"], [1083, 1087, "PERSON"], [1129, 1136, "PERSON"], [1140, 1144, "PERSON"], [1204, 1215, "DATE"], [1337, 1343, "PERSON"], [1825, 1828, "CARDINAL"], [1865, 1878, "DATE"], [2073, 2091, "DATE"], [2205, 2214, "GPE"], [2351, 2356, "ORDINAL"], [2628, 2631, "CARDINAL"], [2693, 2726, "ORG"], [2730, 2771, "ORG"], [2963, 2972, "ORG"], [3122, 3139, "ORG"], [3158, 3169, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2943, "text": "[In JSH’s handwriting: ‘Sedgwick with left hand!’] Romilly wrote a letter for me yesterday addressed to M. rs Henslow: but I cannot be content without telling you that I did not misinterpret your former letters. I thought them most kind & good & was truly thankful for them. But I did not write again because I have literally been pulled down to the earth by my correspondents, & have had no time for writing to you as I would have wished. Several times I have been thrown back, & put into a [a] state of fever & I deprived of an entire night’s rest by fatiguing myself with writing; & over & over again my Surgeon has ordered me not to write on any account whatsoever. About the end of the last week I almost recovered my power of sleeping; & I felt quite joyous & happy. On Monday I over-exerted myself and wrote more than I ought to have done. On Monday night I was in perfect wretchedness from irritation & felt as if someone was playing St Vitus’ jig all night behind my pillow. I never closed my eyes in slumber. Saturday night I was not much better for I only slept thro’ powerful opiates & had a succession of disgusting & frightful dreams. On Wednesday I came round again & thank God I am now very well again. This will explain why I have not written to you. I am still involved in complicated bandages which cannot be removed for ten days or a fortnight more But my fractured arm & bruises are going on very well. I wish with all my heart I could come to you but it is quite impossible My left arm does good service but in dressing & undressing I am as helpless as an infant. I was truly sorry to hear the Julian news: but I trust all will end well & that Hooker has long since had his liberty & is now remembering his confinement as an agreeable episode in his Oriental history. I must not write anymore. My best love to all your family party Ever affectionately yours |A Sedgwick P.S. I will direct this to M. rs Henslow as you may be away –", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[4, 7, "GPE"], [81, 90, "DATE"], [104, 117, "PERSON"], [232, 245, "ORG"], [350, 355, "LOC"], [505, 514, "ORG"], [527, 542, "TIME"], [607, 614, "PRODUCT"], [776, 782, "DATE"], [850, 862, "TIME"], [898, 910, "ORG"], [942, 951, "PERSON"], [1019, 1033, "TIME"], [1152, 1161, "DATE"], [1340, 1348, "DATE"], [1616, 1622, "NORP"], [1666, 1672, "ORG"], [1772, 1780, "NORP"], [1883, 1896, "PERSON"], [1919, 1932, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2944, "text": "I send you a list of additional promises & I have written to Evans of Pembroke at Norwich not a circular but particular & I have also sent Whitworth Russell a Devonshire list. We are sending extracts from the County Lists to all those who occur to us. My dear Sir Yrs sincerely Palmerston", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[61, 66, "PERSON"], [70, 78, "PERSON"], [82, 89, "PERSON"], [139, 156, "PERSON"], [159, 169, "LOC"], [205, 221, "GPE"], [264, 267, "PERSON"], [278, 288, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2945, "text": "Originals from H.C.S. “Reliance”. 18 th Dec. r 1830 “Duplicate” Per H.C.S “Canning”. I just write you a few lines to say that I have shipped on board the “Canning” Two Cases, addressed to you, consigned to my Agent in London M r Hebbert 187 Strand, to whom I have enclosed The Receipts for their having been received on board at Whamfua, and duly entered upon the Ship’s “Manifest”: As the Searchers at the Comp y Baggage Warehouse, where they will be conveyed, are by no means particular in handling whatever comes under their cognizance, it would be advisable to secure the Attendance of some person who will see that no unnecessary violence is used, when they are opened; I have carefully pasted an Inventory upon the inside of the Lid of each, stating with minuteness the contents. The “Herbarium” which consists of 18 or 19 Packages of Dried Flowers & Plants, cultivated and wild, and some seeds is soldered down in a Leaden Case to preserve them from Damp. In the other package which is covered with Mat, are several Bottles of Specimens of Reptiles, Insects, Fish and Fruit in Spirits, model of a Chinese Lady: Foot – 2 Boxes (of “Crustacea) Shark’s Fin – &c &c – also 80 Small Jars of different Flower Seeds, the latter for the Cambridge Botanical Garden, the former for the Museum of your Philosophical Society – Many particulars repeating the above I entered into, when writing to Leonard Jenyns a short time since. M r Reeves who has long filled the Responsible Situation of Head Tea Inspector in China is going home in the “Canning”, and has kindly taken charge of two tail Feathers (each 5 ft.4in. long) of the Splendid Pheasant from the West of China, named after him “Phasianus Reevesii”, under which Appellation it is figured in Gen. l Hardwicke’s “Indian Zoology”. M. r R. will hand it over to Hebbert – The Hollow Bamboo Cane there is addressed to you for the “C.P.S. Mus:” – I have now before me an unpublished sheet of a work likely to appear soon, entitled – “an History of the Tribes of Aboriginese living in the Malayan Peninsula”. It was brought me from Malacca; it is written by D. o G. M. Ward Assistant Surgeon in the 35 th Foot and promises I think to prove a very interesting Production, the 4 Tribes of the Aboriginese live in the dead of the Forest, living entirely on the Fruits found therein, and upon what they take in hunting, – “they neither sow nor plant any thing”. – These wild people have no Religion, nor the slightest idea of a Supreme Being, Creation of the World &c– Affixed to the work will be an Appendix (a sheet of which I have also got.) containing a “Table of Fruits found in the Bazaar at Malucca” it describes no less than 100 different kinds, with the Malayan & Linnaean Names attached. Amongst them is the far famed “Mangusteem”, in speaking of which Dr Ward, observes “it is rather curious that the “Habitat” of it, is so extremely limited, we do not believe “that it extends further Northward than the Old Fort of “Tenasserim, in Lat.11°., 40 s and all attempts to cultivate “it on the Continent of India have failed”. I quite forget whether in my Letter I noticed the account given me by the the E.I. Company’s Tea Inspector, of the Tea Plant, He tells me the Black & Green Teas are Two distinct Varieties of the same plant, cultivated in a different way, and grown in different provinces, Those yielding the Green Leaves are so far to the Northward, as to be occasionally covered with Snow. The finest Tea grown in China is reserved exclusively for the Use of the Imperial Family, it is grown in “Yo-Sh^an-Lyes” – and the quantity annually sent to the Emporer at Peking, is 700 Catties (1 lb /3 each) – It is the Pokae Tea of the Hyson Plant. “Lapsing” the famous Grower of Souchong Tea gathers the Leaves (5) Days from the period of their first expansion. It will always afford me much pleasure to hear from you, and a Letter addressed to me here (with “To the care of M. r Hardy, Jerusalem Coffee House Cornhill London) added to the Direction, and put in your Cambridge G P. Office, will be certain of leaving England in the first Ship bound to this part of the world; Hoping that Harriet and her young Family are in the enjoyment of good health, and that this Letter will find you well as it leaves me; I shall only Subscribe myself – Very Sincerely Yours | Geo. Harvey Vachell", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[23, 31, "WORK_OF_ART"], [34, 36, "CARDINAL"], [40, 51, "DATE"], [53, 82, "WORK_OF_ART"], [218, 224, "GPE"], [229, 236, "FAC"], [241, 247, "GPE"], [329, 336, "GPE"], [364, 368, "LOC"], [372, 380, "WORK_OF_ART"], [735, 738, "PERSON"], [791, 800, "WORK_OF_ART"], [820, 828, "CARDINAL"], [957, 961, "GPE"], [1006, 1009, "PERSON"], [1034, 1055, "ORG"], [1104, 1111, "NORP"], [1118, 1122, "CARDINAL"], [1138, 1168, "WORK_OF_ART"], [1176, 1178, "CARDINAL"], [1203, 1215, "PERSON"], [1232, 1262, "FAC"], [1279, 1319, "ORG"], [1391, 1405, "PERSON"], [1430, 1436, "PERSON"], [1457, 1504, "LAW"], [1508, 1513, "GPE"], [1577, 1580, "CARDINAL"], [1601, 1602, "CARDINAL"], [1624, 1641, "PERSON"], [1659, 1664, "GPE"], [1716, 1727, "ORG"], [1745, 1761, "PERSON"], [1765, 1771, "NORP"], [1782, 1789, "PERSON"], [1811, 1818, "GPE"], [1981, 2052, "WORK_OF_ART"], [2078, 2085, "PERSON"], [2104, 2106, "NORP"], [2109, 2119, "PERSON"], [2130, 2137, "PERSON"], [2145, 2155, "QUANTITY"], [2221, 2222, "CARDINAL"], [2237, 2248, "NORP"], [2273, 2279, "ORG"], [2304, 2310, "ORG"], [2542, 2550, "ORG"], [2630, 2636, "GPE"], [2640, 2647, "GPE"], [2675, 2678, "CARDINAL"], [2701, 2729, "ORG"], [2771, 2781, "WORK_OF_ART"], [2808, 2812, "PERSON"], [2855, 2862, "WORK_OF_ART"], [2939, 2948, "ORG"], [2971, 2981, "WORK_OF_ART"], [2986, 2993, "GPE"], [2996, 2998, "CARDINAL"], [3038, 3060, "ORG"], [3145, 3181, "ORG"], [3186, 3199, "LOC"], [3213, 3235, "ORG"], [3240, 3243, "CARDINAL"], [3397, 3406, "ORG"], [3443, 3447, "ORG"], [3460, 3463, "WORK_OF_ART"], [3473, 3478, "GPE"], [3555, 3568, "WORK_OF_ART"], [3610, 3617, "WORK_OF_ART"], [3621, 3627, "GPE"], [3632, 3635, "CARDINAL"], [3645, 3646, "CARDINAL"], [3667, 3699, "ORG"], [3702, 3709, "WORK_OF_ART"], [3732, 3744, "ORG"], [3765, 3772, "DATE"], [3798, 3803, "ORDINAL"], [3928, 3938, "ORG"], [3940, 3962, "ORG"], [3963, 3978, "PERSON"], [3993, 4002, "PRODUCT"], [4020, 4041, "ORG"], [4070, 4077, "GPE"], [4085, 4090, "ORDINAL"], [4141, 4148, "PERSON"], [4221, 4227, "PERSON"], [4277, 4286, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2946, "text": "I am very glad to see that your Book is coming. I have been waiting for it eagerly. I wish I could accept your kind invitation for the 16 th. But I am booked for that day and the Fates are inexorable Your’s ever | F Temple", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[135, 137, "CARDINAL"], [162, 170, "DATE"], [212, 222, "FAC"]]}
+{"id": 2947, "text": "I have not thanked you for a paper with the act. of the Medical Meeting – Poor Law Boards underpay my professions quite as badly as they do yours – We have now considerable difficulty in procuring a chaplain, & it is only by taking a cure in addition that any one can be induced to offer his services – I found the enclosed as a specimen of the return invite we have received – & are hoping to meet in a proper manner Yours very truly J. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[52, 71, "ORG"], [603, 613, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2948, "text": "Many thanks for your letter, but I am afraid we must conclude from it that we cannot expect hope for a lecture from you this winter, as I cannot undertake to deliver one at Ipswich. The truth is, lecturing is not at all my vocation, I find it a great exertion & a great fatigue, & I have therefore almost resolved not to attempt it except at Bury & Mildenhall, where I am as it were at home. Moreover, of the 3 days you name, it so happens that February 10 is the very day fixed for my own lecture at Bury, & on Jan 13 Mr Kingsley is engaged to deliver a lecture there, which I am particularly anxious to hear. But we should be extremely glad to see you here, lecture or no lecture, at any time this winter that you can come; & I hope that you may yet be able to manage it, although you do seem to be formidably beset with engagements. As for lectures, having so many to deliver, I should think you must be tolerably sick of them. But you have never been here since our visit to Madeira & Teneriffe, & I have many things that I want to show you. I was much interested by an account, which you may probably have seen, in the Literary Gazette, of Prof. Smyth’s astronomical & philosophical operations on the Peak of Teneriffe. I know both the localities & the persons mentioned, which made it the more interesting to me. I do not know whether you may have heard of Lyell’s proceedings this autumn: he has been making a continental tour, visiting Berlin, Breslau, the Riesengebirge, Dresden, Prague, Vienna, the Austrian Alps, Salzburg, Munich, Strasbourg, & Paris; seeing at each place the principal geologists, & visiting under their guidance the chief geological localities;— a delightful tour! His letters have been full of most interesting & important & curious geological information, the pith of which will no doubt enrich the next editions of his Principles & Manual. Mrs Bunbury unites with me in kind remembrances to Miss Henslow as well as to yourself; &, with some faint hope of seeing you here this winter, I remain yours very sincerely, | C J F Bunbury", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[120, 131, "DATE"], [173, 180, "GPE"], [342, 359, "ORG"], [405, 415, "DATE"], [445, 456, "DATE"], [460, 472, "DATE"], [501, 505, "GPE"], [512, 518, "DATE"], [522, 530, "PERSON"], [695, 706, "DATE"], [979, 1003, "ORG"], [1145, 1187, "ORG"], [1202, 1223, "ORG"], [1363, 1368, "PERSON"], [1444, 1450, "GPE"], [1452, 1459, "GPE"], [1465, 1478, "GPE"], [1480, 1487, "GPE"], [1489, 1495, "GPE"], [1497, 1503, "GPE"], [1509, 1517, "NORP"], [1518, 1522, "LOC"], [1524, 1532, "GPE"], [1534, 1540, "GPE"], [1542, 1552, "GPE"], [1556, 1561, "GPE"], [1852, 1871, "ORG"], [1877, 1884, "ORG"], [1929, 1936, "PERSON"], [2048, 2063, "PRODUCT"]]}
+{"id": 2949, "text": "I have written a few lines to M r Seaman & have forwarded your letter. I return his enclosed. I had already corresponded with Westwood on the subject but he like myself is equally in the dark as to the proximate cause of their appearance. They may be attached to the new wood, or they may have bred in the old maltings/mattings &c &c. That they are unconnected with “itch” no Entomologist would doubt, & that appears to have been the prevailing alarm at Colchester, where these minute Acari appear to have “astonished the natives”. For the Eupithecia bred from an Umbellifer many thanks. I am not certain that I had the species previously, but the genus is very difficult. Your small moth is Nepticula anomalella: the larva of which makes the tortuous tracks in rose-leaves, like that I enclose. As your [illeg] may be interesting to shew your school-children, I will return it tomorrow along with a primed & set specimen of the same, & a specimen of Nepticula aluetella an insect remarkable for its brilliancy & though rarely seen in the perfect state, abundant in the larva state in the leaves of alders Yours very sincerely | H. T. Stainton", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[30, 42, "ORG"], [126, 134, "PERSON"], [454, 464, "WORK_OF_ART"], [472, 484, "TIME"], [485, 490, "PERSON"], [540, 550, "ORG"], [564, 574, "ORG"], [692, 701, "LOC"], [951, 960, "LOC"], [1106, 1111, "WORK_OF_ART"], [1127, 1143, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2950, "text": "I have just tried one of the Microscopes which I have put together for polishing and I hope to send it you on Monday compleatly [sic] finished. I am happy to inform you that it produces the finest effect I have ever yet seen as an opake microscope. There is so much light that the condensing lens is not even required and I have no doubt with the aid of the lens attached as you have represented it, it will be equally effective by candle or lamp light. I think that the second power if properly fitted might be used for opake objects but this will require some time, perhaps if you would have the goodness to think upon it you might suggest some plan I remain Sir Yours very respectfully John Cary", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[18, 21, "CARDINAL"], [29, 40, "PERSON"], [110, 116, "DATE"], [129, 132, "ORG"], [471, 477, "ORDINAL"], [689, 698, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2951, "text": "I quite agree with you that the system of the Committee of Council on Education of refusing aid to places where it is impossible to raise their required preliminary sum is absurd & mischievous, for it leaves these places without any school worthy of the name that’s stand most in need of assistance. I have remonstrated against this in respect of the Factory districts again & again in vain. Their excuse is that if aid were granted without such a condition, all voluntary subscriptions would cease. That might be the case, at least to a considerable extent, but when the coil arises, the remedy should be applied. The best remedy would be, to give the Committee of Council power to order a rate to be levied when the voluntary sum was not forthcoming, the schools in all such cases to be practically and really free from all religious compulsion of any sort. There is I believe the means of getting some aid, by what is called the Capitation allowance & I believe your School would be entitled to it. You had better write to the Committee of Council on the subject. What you suggest would be most useful, to have a return of every parish not in receipt of any grant from the Committee of Education, & if you would draw up the Return wanted, there would be no difficulty in getting some Member to Move for it immediately on the assembling of Parliament. If a similar return could be got from the National Society it would be desirable to have it. I hope you got my letter of thanks for the reports you lately sent me; Ever faithfully yours | Leonard Horner", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[42, 79, "ORG"], [649, 673, "ORG"], [1026, 1050, "ORG"], [1172, 1201, "ORG"], [1227, 1233, "PRODUCT"], [1342, 1352, "ORG"], [1392, 1412, "ORG"]]}
+{"id": 2952, "text": "Herewith you will receive a parcel of Plants which I trust will be acceptable to you. I take the present opportunity of sending them by M. r Fisher– Others in your list which I can procure I shall collect as they come into flower and send at some future opportunity I am sorry I could not procure better specimens of Gagea lutea for you. It is in such a situation that the Cattle eat it as it comes up – perhaps another season may be more favourable for it– The Daphne mezereum appears to be perfectly wild growing plentifully although the hedge in which it grows has been cut down this spring and the Mezereum along with it, but next year I hope to see it very fine– The Ribes spicatum is not to be found near Richmond, nor by the Tees in M. r Edw d. Robson’s habitat, I made inquiry of M. r W m Backhouse of Darlington who was related to E. Robson and he informs me that the R. spicatum is only a hybrid var: between R. petraeum and R. alpinum and I think it very probable as we have the R. petraeum growing abundantly by the banks of the Swale and R. alpinum in the woods adjoining – I am sorry I have only one specimen of Lysimachia punctata for you – I was at Darlington last summer & could not find a single plant in flower. I suspect some persons had been there before me and collected all they could find in flower – I send you a willow which I cannot find named in Smiths Eng. Flora– It grows by the edge of a large pool of water covering probably an acre of ground near Wensley in Wensleydale I was rather too late for gathering it as the catkins were fallen off there is only 1 tree which I could see and I was attracted by its dark brown or almost black stem which in drying assumes a glaucous hue the Plant is Monadelphous the Stamens being united about ½ way up. I shall be glad to have your opinion of it, also of all the other Salices which I send you, you will be as good as examine as some of them probably may be wrong named. I not having had much experience in this difficult genus– I send you also a Fedia, which I am not certain of. The capsules are slightly hairy and the lower ones placed in the forks of the branches, is it F. mixta of Hooker– I shall be very glad to hear from you at any early convenient opportunity. I also send you a full list of my Desiderata of Duplicates not having had sufficient room in my former letter to you– I am Dear Sir yours sincerely | Ja. s Ward Obs. The Red Scar is a steep precipice of Limestone Rock turned carboniferous or metalliferous below which runs the river Swale. It is situated about 3 miles west of Richmond.– Downholme Scar is about ½ a mile further west on the same range of Rock.– N.B. I shall be glad to have your opinion of the following plants which I send you– N.B. I shall be glad to have your opinion of the following plants which I send you. Hieracium maculatum? Lotus decumbens Smith? Salix andersoniana? ------cinerea female? ------Forbyana? ------rubra ------with smooth germery (?) ------ ditto ditto styles divided ------with monadelphous flowers nr. Wensly Fedia mixta? Potamogeton lanceolatum? or is it heterophyllum ---------- lucens? or fluitans Geranium sylvaticum var. Allium carinatum? The leaves are quite flat towards the top channelled towards the base.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[136, 147, "PERSON"], [582, 593, "DATE"], [602, 610, "NORP"], [630, 639, "DATE"], [672, 677, "PERSON"], [711, 719, "GPE"], [732, 736, "ORG"], [740, 742, "NORP"], [788, 820, "ORG"], [840, 849, "PERSON"], [877, 879, "NORP"], [919, 921, "NORP"], [935, 937, "NORP"], [990, 992, "NORP"], [1041, 1046, "PERSON"], [1051, 1053, "NORP"], [1126, 1136, "NORP"], [1165, 1175, "GPE"], [1176, 1189, "DATE"], [1374, 1384, "ORG"], [1386, 1391, "PERSON"], [1480, 1487, "GPE"], [1491, 1502, "GPE"], [1587, 1588, "CARDINAL"], [1843, 1850, "WORK_OF_ART"], [2021, 2026, "GPE"], [2161, 2167, "ORG"], [2367, 2375, "PERSON"], [2392, 2396, "PERSON"], [2410, 2422, "FAC"], [2447, 2461, "GPE"], [2527, 2532, "ORG"], [2549, 2562, "QUANTITY"], [2571, 2579, "GPE"], [2582, 2596, "PERSON"], [2600, 2614, "QUANTITY"], [2649, 2653, "GPE"], [2826, 2835, "GPE"], [2847, 2852, "ORG"], [2863, 2868, "PERSON"], [3069, 3080, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2953, "text": "As I said before I actually approve of your applying my subscription to the farmhouse of Conway for your Booth—which indeed is strictly a recreation purpose. On looking over your Easter accounts I marvel at two things—how you ever find time amidst your other labours to attend to & keep such a world of small accounts which require as much care as if they concerned hundreds of pounds; & secondly how any of your parishioners seeing how much you do for them & how largely they are in your money debt, can find in their hearts to annoy you in any way. I am glad your Horticultural Show promises so well. But here again what endless labour is required from you, & not now only but to the end of the chapter. Many thanks for your practical Lessons on Botany which I trust will be taken up & zealously carried out by Men of the Clergy & school-masters who have attended the Kensington Museums this Winter. The just successes which have attended your plans will surely stimulate others to adopt them. I am | my dear Sir | yours very truly | W. Spence", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[89, 95, "GPE"], [179, 185, "FAC"], [207, 210, "CARDINAL"], [388, 396, "ORDINAL"], [748, 754, "GPE"], [813, 839, "ORG"], [889, 900, "DATE"], [1034, 1045, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2954, "text": "I sent you of yesterdays post a Copy of a little work “on the Geography of Plants” of which I consented to be called the Editor. As my Editorial office however has not extended beyond writing the Preface and undertaking a general survey of the Contents, I may venture to speak of it as the composition of another person, & to recommend to you as written in an agreeable & [illeg] manner Allow me to add the best wishes of this season to yourself M. rs Henslow & Family[.] We shall I hope meet at Cheltenham in August, although I have in vain attempted to get the Committee to put Monday instead of Wednesday after commencement & business : how inconvenient it is for many to stay over Sunday & break in upon two weeks Believe me | very truly yrs | C Daubeny", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[58, 81, "WORK_OF_ART"], [422, 433, "DATE"], [446, 468, "ORG"], [496, 506, "ORG"], [510, 516, "DATE"], [563, 572, "ORG"], [580, 586, "DATE"], [598, 607, "DATE"], [614, 628, "ORG"], [685, 691, "DATE"], [708, 717, "DATE"], [746, 757, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2955, "text": "I have seen your article in the Gardeners Chronicle & think there is but little doubt that we should be happy to republish them, but my partners are at present absent. On their return I will again communicate with you. In the mean time perhaps you can tell me about the sized book you think it will make. With regard to terms – our usual arrangements are to take the risk & share the Profits equally with an Author. This comes to the same thing as the “Royalty” you propose, but it is, I believe, a much better & simpler arrangement. In the case of a Royalty – no definite agreement can be made till the retail price is fixed, which cannot be determined till the book is printed. Again, if the price is either raised or lowered the terms require alteration & altogether it introduces, I think, an unnecessary difficulty into our arrangements. I shall therefore be glad to know whether you would accept our usual terms I am my dear Sir | faithfully yours | W. m Longman", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[32, 53, "ORG"], [384, 391, "ORG"], [504, 532, "ORG"], [954, 968, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2956, "text": "Many thanks for yr very kind letter received some time since, which I ought to have acknowledged earlier. I write now to send you a specimen of Cinclidium stygium, Swartz. which I gathered in tolerable quantity on the 1 st of this month at Tuddenham—a very favourite haunt of mine, and which have been previously found in the South district only, I am informed by M. r Wilson. It is singular it should now be in mature fruit. It must have fruited twice this year— in consequence of the net, I suppose. I found also in fruit the same day Anthoceros punctatus, quite out of season. I am sorry to say Holosteum umbellatum is lost to Bury and has been for some years— or I should be very happy to send it to you I have gathered it at Norwich but not in fruit. I find Hypnum abietinum but sparingly on our sandy ground about your old haunts. I fancy it is rarer than it used to be. Smith’s Diatomaceae named in yr letter I know very well. I have worked ill.del. at the diatoms in the neighbourhood for some time and have a great many species. I am now encountering the Lichens— in which class you have so distinguished yourself. I find them very difficult I never did much in them till lately, or I always considered them the “stickers” of Botany— They are very interesting nevertheless. Hoping your health is improved since you last wrote I am, my dear Sir | your very truly | Edm d Skepper", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[164, 170, "GPE"], [218, 219, "CARDINAL"], [226, 236, "DATE"], [326, 340, "LOC"], [364, 375, "PERSON"], [453, 462, "DATE"], [524, 536, "DATE"], [630, 634, "GPE"], [652, 662, "DATE"], [730, 737, "PERSON"], [763, 769, "PERSON"], [877, 882, "PERSON"], [885, 896, "PERSON"], [1064, 1071, "PERSON"], [1235, 1241, "GPE"], [1353, 1354, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2957, "text": "Your letter (but not the list) has intercepted me here on my return from Paris – I am glad to find Bree’s partial list of British Birds has stired up Mr Sclater to forward a more general one – I sent Brees’ (& Crouch’s also) with the very [line missing from photocopy] induced to give us more general lists of Birds & Fishes –When those now sent in one printed & circulated we shall (no doubt) receive several more & may hope for a tolerably complete series by next meeting – I was truly vexed I could not come– But I had (inter alia) my own fete to attend to close followed up by a visit (with 2 daughters & a Son) to the Paris Exposition – I have learnt a good deal in Paris & am very glad I have been – The contents of the Exposition far exceed those in our Palace of /51- The only thing in which ours excelled was in the general effect from the extensive display in a single Building – The annex is a vast chamber much longer than our Palace, tho’ not so broad- The taste displayed in arranging the goods far surpasses what was showed – I suppose you know your acquaintance Capt. Cockburn (our neighbour at Bilderston) has got the Cossack & has sailed for y e Baltic – I believe you illeg. also have settled to go to Cheltenham next y r. If so I hope I shall be able to be present Yrs truly | J S Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[73, 78, "GPE"], [99, 103, "PERSON"], [122, 135, "GPE"], [310, 324, "ORG"], [595, 596, "CARDINAL"], [619, 639, "ORG"], [671, 681, "ORG"], [761, 767, "ORG"], [939, 945, "ORG"], [1084, 1092, "PERSON"], [1111, 1121, "PERSON"], [1131, 1144, "ORG"], [1160, 1170, "LOC"], [1221, 1231, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2958, "text": "Dr Daubeny has informed me that you are in the habit of preparing fasciculi of dried cryptogamic plants for sale, & I take the opportunity of his return to Oxford, to request you will favour me with a copy – I enclose what he tells me is the price, & by that if you happen not to have one ready prepared that you will delay sending it until it may be convenient to you. If I can be of any service in procuring for you any local species found in this neighbourhood (either of phanerogamous or cryptogamous species) I shall be very happy to assist you – so soon as spring returns I intend to continue an active search for plants with which I have already commenced, with a view to a new edition of our Flora– Y r faithful | J. S. Henslow My address Rev d Professor Henslow | Cambridge I met with [Aecidium Primi ?] in abundance last June which Greville says is rare, & if you want specimens for your fasciculi I will search for it again in the same spot Mr Baxter | Botanic Garden | Oxford", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[3, 10, "PERSON"], [156, 162, "ORG"], [700, 705, "PERSON"], [720, 735, "PERSON"], [747, 782, "PERSON"], [795, 809, "PERSON"], [826, 835, "DATE"], [842, 850, "ORG"]]}
+{"id": 2959, "text": "I have been looking carefully over my ground since I got your last kind note, and I think I could plant 2 bushels, or thereabouts, of seed potatoes: and am much obliged for your trouble in that matter, as is my wife who joins me in very kind regards to you; and, I am, Very truly your’s |Richard Owen.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[104, 113, "QUANTITY"]]}
+{"id": 2960, "text": "My young friend and late Pupil Mr Cuyler sails for Liverpool in the Packet of the 7th and I embrace the opportunity of sending you a package which he will deliver after a short excursion into Scotland. I beg leave to request that if it be perfectly convenient you will show him some litle attention in the way of his becoming acquainted with the objects of interest connected with your venerable Institution. You will find him an amiable and intelligent youth and in reference to moral character I can assure he is worthy of your full confidence. I am much obliged to you for the copies of the papers on the diseases of wheat. I have sent them to the editor of one of our agricultural journals for republication. I owe you an apology for my long silence. The truth is that with tolerably good intentions I am often guilty of the sin of procrastination and in addition to this in the present case I have been induced to defer Writing from time to time with the hope of being able to send you the promised specimens of natural history. I have made a number of unsuccessful attemps to procure specimens of Rattle snakes and alligators. The first are very scarce in the more thickly [inhabited] parts of our country or at least in the State of New Jersey and the second are only found in the southern states. Three of the young men who have graduated at our college have promised that they would forward an alligator for you but as yet they have failed to keep their promis. I am informed by one that it is a difficult matter to send one alive to England although they are frequently sent apparently in good health to New York. One of my young friends has sent me instead of the alligator itself a few of its eggs and also a specimen of the Horned Frog of Texas. These you will find in the package, the latter in the tin box. I also send you all the remaining nos. of the Flora of North America which have yet been published. These will complete your set up to this time. Dr Torrey has taken up his residence permanently in Princeton and has moved his great herbarium to this place; he forms quite an addition to our little scientific circle. Professor Jaeger has resigned his Professorship in this Institution and gone to reside in the city of Washington. You are not much interested I suppose in the subject of electricity but I send you a copy of the 4th n° of my contributions to that branch of science and hope to be able soon to forward you the 5 th n° of the same. We find great difficulty in this country in getting our labours properly noticed in Europe but in reference to my last papers I have had little to complain of on this account. They have met with a very favourable reception in France and Germany and have been immediately republished in England. We are very disagreeably situated in this country in reference to the prosecution of science. The unrighteous custom of reprinting English books without paying the authors has a most pernicious and paralizing influence on the effor[t]s of native literary talent. The American author can get no remuneration for his labours for why should the book seller pay for the copy right of an American work when he can get one on the same subject which will sell better, from England for nothing. Besides this the man of science can scarcely hope to get proper credit for his labours since all his reputation must come from Abroad through the medium of the English republications and it is not in the nature of things that the compiler of a scientific work should be as much inclined to give as full credit to a stranger in a distant count[r]y as to a neabour at his elbow. It is surprising how much noterity such men as Dr La the compiler of pop English popular works get in this country. Dr. Lardener was before he came to this country here was a much greater man than Herschell. Speaking of Lardner reminds me that I have to thank you for the alteration that was made in the report his account of my communication to the mechanical section of the British association in 1837. You may reccollect that he gave me the Lie in reference to the speed of American boats before the whole section and afterward made some rather a disparaging remark insinuation in reference to the nature of my communication. I do not [?exult] in his the misfortune he has brought on himself but regard him rather as an as the an ob[j]ect of pit[y] than of anger resenmt. He has met no He has met with no encouragement from scientific men of any standing in our country. He has adopted the [?position] of an itineran[t] lecturer and during the past winter has managed to get draw tollerably large audiences in the theaters of New York by alternating occuping the stage on different alternate nights with jugles and public dancers at from 6 d to a shilling sterling per head, and with this as an indication of the state of morals among us I am pleased. He is certainly a very interesting writer and a man of considerable talent but he has always sadly been wanting in one an essential element of the a Philosoph scientific character the a sacred regard to truth. I hold that no person can be trusted as the historian of sci[ence] who could be guilty of the crime of which he is charged. Perhaps I have now said to much in reference to this paramour yet I do assure you that although I dislike his character I regard him as an object of pity. He gave an account in one of his Lectures in Phil d. of his treatment of me at the British association and attributed the whole to a mistake. Although his lecture was published in the papers I took no notice of it. If I were so disposed I could easily [have] caused him to be [?passed] even from the stage since there is in this country with very little claims to science. Since writing this letter I have received a communication from Dr Beck. He informs that he..... incomplete", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[51, 60, "ORG"], [82, 85, "ORDINAL"], [192, 200, "GPE"], [396, 407, "ORG"], [1103, 1109, "GPE"], [1137, 1142, "ORDINAL"], [1227, 1250, "GPE"], [1259, 1265, "ORDINAL"], [1305, 1310, "CARDINAL"], [1488, 1491, "CARDINAL"], [1530, 1533, "CARDINAL"], [1543, 1550, "GPE"], [1614, 1622, "GPE"], [1624, 1627, "CARDINAL"], [1752, 1757, "GPE"], [1864, 1890, "ORG"], [1971, 1977, "PERSON"], [2020, 2029, "GPE"], [2149, 2155, "PERSON"], [2241, 2251, "GPE"], [2346, 2356, "ORG"], [2447, 2448, "CARDINAL"], [2552, 2558, "LOC"], [2694, 2700, "GPE"], [2705, 2712, "GPE"], [2754, 2761, "GPE"], [2894, 2901, "LANGUAGE"], [3030, 3038, "NORP"], [3146, 3154, "NORP"], [3229, 3236, "GPE"], [3410, 3417, "NORP"], [3702, 3709, "LANGUAGE"], [3749, 3757, "PERSON"], [3828, 3837, "PERSON"], [3851, 3858, "ORG"], [4009, 4016, "NORP"], [4032, 4036, "DATE"], [4110, 4118, "NORP"], [4590, 4605, "DATE"], [4678, 4686, "GPE"], [4760, 4766, "PERSON"], [4794, 4795, "CARDINAL"], [5429, 5432, "CARDINAL"], [5440, 5448, "ORG"], [5452, 5459, "PERSON"], [5490, 5497, "NORP"], [5846, 5850, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2961, "text": "A circular from Lord Palmerston reached me on Monday by which I learn that I must convey myself to Cambridge in the early part of next week. I intend doing so, but at present it is my intention to travel en famille with a wife and manservant, 2 horses & a gig - for these I should be very much obliged to you to secure accommodation for Monday evening. I do not like to risk obtaining it on my arrival and therefore I apply to you, as chairman of Comme but do not suppose to quarter myself and suite upon the Committee's purse. I only wish to know that I shall have a place to put up at when I arrive - a comfortable bedroom is all I want for ourselves, sitting room I care nothing about, as I dare say we should make no use of it - my wife will proceed on Wednesday to Mary. We shall start from hence on Monday and if you can send me a line by Saturday's post to inform me to what part of the town I may betake myself on my arrival, you will prove yourself in my estimation a good chairman. In haste for post. yours very truly John Smith If we alter our plan I will let you know I wrote to Glossop months ago but never received any answer", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[21, 31, "PERSON"], [46, 52, "DATE"], [99, 108, "GPE"], [130, 139, "DATE"], [243, 244, "CARDINAL"], [337, 343, "DATE"], [344, 351, "TIME"], [447, 452, "PERSON"], [509, 518, "ORG"], [757, 766, "DATE"], [770, 774, "PERSON"], [805, 811, "DATE"], [845, 853, "DATE"], [1028, 1038, "PERSON"], [1091, 1098, "GPE"], [1099, 1109, "DATE"]]}
+{"id": 2962, "text": "I send you another little detachment; & set off for Cambridge this evening my dear Sir Yrs Sincerely Palmerston", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[52, 61, "GPE"], [62, 74, "TIME"], [87, 111, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2963, "text": "As you have turned your attention lately to the Coal Plants I enclose a sketch made about a year ago which gives an idea of the venation of two species – one figured very badly by Mr Lindley, the other not yet published as English but figured in Brogniart’s admirable work– I cannot however see the correctness of his definition of the genus Odontopteris which induced me to scratch these out. It is no doubt a good genus enough but if my two specimens belong to the same species or even genus its definition will need alteration– Of the specimens in the Society’s cabinet named by Mr Lonsdale. N. o– C. 1. Odontopteris Schlotheimii – is the one in my sketch 2. ------------------------------------ query genus & species. A. 1. –– –– obtusa. 2. –– –– –– –– (both my “A”) 3. –– –– –– –– a Pecopteris?! 4. –– –– –– –– a Neuropteris?! 5. –– –– –––– ? Not a Fern at all? but agrees best with Mr Lindley’s figure! B. 1. Otopteris? dubia. The spec. n figured by Mr Lindley I will not vouch for the accuracy of the last but have looked at it very carefully in the “sun-light”. If you have better spec ms or know the species I would feel obliged by a line some day, setting me right– This was my first attempt at etching & uninstructed wh will I hope be a sufficient apology for its execution– I rem, Dear Sir, | Yours very truly | S. P. Woodward Lindley’s ‘Otopteris? dubia’ has I imagine nothing to do with the other species of Otopteris from the Volites – which form a pretty genus widely separated (?) from these coal measure Odontopterides – with wh Göppert has united them– Surely Lindley’s Odontopteris obtusa is not a Fern? [card with sketches A B C attached - needs phot] C Odontopteris Schlotheimii Ad. Bron. A. Odontopteris obtusa (Lonsdale not Lindley) B. Otopteris? dubia Lindley Knowlbury Coal measures. Silverdale. Stafford", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[84, 100, "DATE"], [140, 143, "CARDINAL"], [154, 157, "CARDINAL"], [180, 190, "PERSON"], [223, 230, "LANGUAGE"], [246, 255, "WORK_OF_ART"], [342, 354, "ORG"], [439, 442, "CARDINAL"], [555, 562, "ORG"], [582, 593, "PERSON"], [607, 632, "ORG"], [659, 660, "CARDINAL"], [699, 720, "ORG"], [771, 772, "CARDINAL"], [788, 798, "PERSON"], [801, 802, "CARDINAL"], [818, 829, "ORG"], [832, 833, "CARDINAL"], [891, 898, "PERSON"], [909, 913, "CARDINAL"], [915, 924, "PERSON"], [956, 966, "PERSON"], [1148, 1156, "DATE"], [1188, 1193, "ORDINAL"], [1205, 1227, "ORG"], [1293, 1301, "PERSON"], [1303, 1310, "PERSON"], [1350, 1359, "WORK_OF_ART"], [1422, 1431, "ORG"], [1441, 1448, "NORP"], [1522, 1536, "PERSON"], [1547, 1554, "GPE"], [1572, 1601, "PERSON"], [1618, 1622, "ORG"], [1735, 1769, "ORG"], [1777, 1799, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2964, "text": "I add one to your list as you will see by the inclosed letter; but his distance is so great that I fear that we cannot much expect his appearance on the day of election. Most truly yours J. Wood", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[149, 156, "DATE"], [187, 194, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2965, "text": "My old pupil Shipperdson (who is to be made a Doctor today) is to take a family dinner with me tomorrow at 3 o’clock. Could you & Louisa & her Brother (the Christian) do me the great favor to meet the Doctor & his wife, tho’ at such an early hour and at such short notice? Pray let me hear this evening— I am eaten up with gout so if you come I shall bite you Ever yours | A Sedgwick", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[13, 24, "PERSON"], [95, 103, "DATE"], [107, 116, "TIME"], [156, 165, "NORP"]]}
+{"id": 2966, "text": "I was informed a few days since by a letter from Graham of the failure of y r kind exertions to procure for me an extension of service, and I w. d not have you think me more tardy in thanking you for them than if their result had been favourable. Feeling therefore well assured of y. r having done every thing that was expedient & that kindness could prompt, I shall summon up my philosophy, & consider my loss in some sort a gain in proving me possessed of so good a friend as yourself.– It seems now probable (that is unless somebody leaves me in the meantime a whacking fortune) that I shall be compelled to have recourse to the funds of the Philos: Soc: to meet the expences of the removal of my Collections destined for that Lady to England. I mean that after having done so, I shall look to them for renumerating the charges of packing Cases, Jars, Spirits &c &c– Indeed in my present circumstances I could not with prudence venture on the charges of such a removal unless with the certain prospect of renumeration for all such expences. You will probably be able to ascertain this point for me, w. ch ascertained, will leave me at far greater liberty in collecting than I conceive myself at present authorized to exercise. A collection of the Fishes, for instance cannot be formed without considerable expence, w. ch I cannot undertake on my own account. Observe I do not request & would not accept anything in the form of a subscribed salary for the purpose of collecting (call it pride if you like), but what I want is a sort of carte blanche to incur a few expences for the Society as well as a prospect of renumeration for what I may incur in transmitting to them my present & future private Collections intended ultimately for their acceptance. It must therefore be clearly understood that any funds raised for this purpose are to be claimed on the ground of promoting the interests of the Cam. Phil. Soc: – not on those of private friendship or well-wishing to myself; for on such I say beforehand I w. d on no account accept them. I have been working without intermission all Winter at my Fauna & Flora, but matter grows so on my hands God knows when I shall get through with it. Fresh plants turn up every day & often new ones. I have lately rec. d a splendid packet from the Canaries. Tell L. Jenyns that I conclude from his silence after a year or more that the few insects I sent him were beneath his notice & therefore I need not trouble him with more. With kind remembrances to M rs. H. & all friends Believe me | y rs ever truly| R.T. Lowe [P.S.] The only thing I send you this time is a jar of the Spadices with ripe fruit of Cycas revoluta. I am also sending one to Dr. Hooker for publication with a drawing of the plant. It goes by the Brig Comet Capt. Armston. –Agent Owners – Mitchell & Co. 23. Threadneedle Str. t– [page 1] If I am to make a collection of the fishes I must have proper jars & cases from England. A cask will not do here. Too many together soon spoil. And it will be necessary ultimately to place them separately in jars; therefore by far the best plan if the Soc. Will bear the expence w d be to have a sufficient quantity of proper jars sent out by them. At least they might send sufficient to hold the rarer or new species say 30 or 40 good large glass jars of different sizes.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[15, 25, "DATE"], [49, 55, "PERSON"], [281, 283, "NORP"], [645, 651, "PERSON"], [700, 711, "PRODUCT"], [730, 734, "GPE"], [738, 745, "GPE"], [842, 847, "GPE"], [1250, 1256, "ORG"], [1585, 1592, "ORG"], [1704, 1715, "PRODUCT"], [1903, 1906, "PERSON"], [1908, 1912, "PERSON"], [2104, 2117, "ORG"], [2292, 2300, "LOC"], [2307, 2316, "PERSON"], [2505, 2509, "ORG"], [2545, 2561, "WORK_OF_ART"], [2649, 2654, "GPE"], [2694, 2700, "PERSON"], [2757, 2776, "PRODUCT"], [2778, 2785, "GPE"], [2788, 2800, "ORG"], [2803, 2817, "ORG"], [2818, 2820, "DATE"], [2822, 2838, "GPE"], [2849, 2850, "CARDINAL"], [2914, 2926, "ORG"], [2932, 2939, "GPE"], [3104, 3107, "ORG"], [3274, 3276, "CARDINAL"], [3280, 3282, "CARDINAL"]]}
+{"id": 2967, "text": "I return you the letters from Russell and Calvert & I am sorry I cannot subscribe to their opinions but must rest content to remain according to the doctrine of the latter an Illiberal blockhead. The fact is that I look upon the Cath. Qn. in a very different light from what I did when I voted for Ld. Hervey who as you justly observe had not any claims upon the University to be canvassed with those of Ld. Palmerston & though I condem no man who thinks or votes contrary to myself I cannot under my present feelings upon the subject support any candidate who favours the Catholic claims. Were the contest at any other place than a University I might not be so necessary. However let the matter rest we shall not convert each other & it appears that without my assistance Ld. P. will be returned by a considerable majority believe me only at all times. Yr truly affec. friend Wm. Clive", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[30, 53, "ORG"], [302, 308, "PERSON"], [404, 427, "ORG"], [573, 581, "NORP"], [773, 775, "PERSON"], [777, 779, "PERSON"], [854, 856, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2968, "text": "A fit of sickness, the consequences of a severe cold caught last Wednesday at the Ent l Society fête, enables me to answer your note of the 28 th (only this morning read by me) – instanta – I send you the Digit. Ms. with pleasure. To it I have added a few things which may possibly interest you. & your plant of Fumaria. I have marked my opinion on each specimen; about F. Vaillantii it seems there can be no doubt. In this parcel of Fumarias I find your letter of the 26 th Jan. still unanswered! Pray forgive my remissness – which in correspondence is incorrigible– All the grasses you sent had been named by Prinius; you can therefore mark them as you please.– Upon again looking at your letter I think I must have ans. d it: I hope I have I have put a few drawings into the parcel but I fear they will be useless to you. I suppose you have seen Bicheno’s letter in Taylor’s Magazine about me, Brown & Bauer. I confess I think I was quite right in refusing to been Mr Bauer’s champion– The disavowal I gave him was for the express purpose of enabling him to make public in print, if he chose– The fact is I think Brown has treated Bauer very ill, and therefore I left the former to the tender mercy of the Scotch critic. Believe me | ever yours very faithfully | John Lindley", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[60, 74, "DATE"], [78, 95, "ORG"], [140, 145, "QUANTITY"], [147, 164, "TIME"], [205, 210, "PERSON"], [312, 319, "GPE"], [434, 442, "PERSON"], [469, 471, "CARDINAL"], [472, 479, "ORG"], [611, 618, "ORG"], [849, 856, "PERSON"], [869, 875, "PERSON"], [897, 910, "ORG"], [968, 976, "ORG"], [1116, 1121, "PERSON"], [1134, 1139, "ORG"], [1209, 1215, "ORG"], [1264, 1278, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2969, "text": "I am just leaving Cambridge and, in order to prevent any mistake, I think it right first to mention that I occupied on Thursday night one of the beds engaged by Lord Palmerston's Committee at Mr. Ridgley's the grocer in Bridge St. I have left five shillings with him for that night which I understand to be the price for a night as regulated by the Committee - for last night & Friday night - I have paid Mr. Ridgely separately. I beg to apologise for troubling you with this note - & I am, Sir, Yr obedient servant J.S. Caldwell", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[18, 27, "ORG"], [83, 88, "ORDINAL"], [119, 127, "DATE"], [128, 133, "TIME"], [134, 137, "CARDINAL"], [161, 188, "PERSON"], [196, 203, "PERSON"], [220, 226, "GPE"], [243, 247, "CARDINAL"], [271, 281, "TIME"], [321, 328, "TIME"], [345, 384, "ORG"], [409, 416, "PERSON"], [496, 498, "PERSON"], [516, 529, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2970, "text": "I have as you directed lodged £167 at Smith & cos viz £150 for the mss & £17 for the Cuts. I assure you I most cordially concur with the general sentiments of approbation which have been expressed towards your treatise. But perhaps such a manifestation was less unexpected on my part. When I placed in your hands this work I knew very well that you would do it satisfactorily. If there be any other part of the Cyclopedia which you could undertake consistently with your engagements it will give me great pleasure to entrust it to you. Believe me Dear Sir every yours truly Dion. Lardner", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[38, 53, "ORG"], [55, 58, "CARDINAL"], [74, 76, "MONEY"], [411, 421, "ORG"], [574, 578, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2971, "text": "I sent a reply to your letter respecting the Paper in your last Number which you have probably not seen, or possibly may have sent off to L. Jenyns – you will therefore find it in one of the two; but I marked the one containing the note with your initials. With reference to the contents of your kind letter of the 7 th inst. t I return you my thanks; for the fact is, as I stated to L. Jenyns (who also kindly offered to assist me) that for the next few weeks I want all the cash I can muster, not only to relieve me from the exigency to which Churchill’s has temporarily reduced me, but with the purpose of moving into my new residence which I propose doing the end of the present month– if therefore you can with perfect convenience to yourself advance me £30, [ill. del.] I can decidedly promise to return it on the 26 th December next (if not earlier). I am sorry you are not likely to visit London in the course of next week but I still hope for the pleasure of your company to dinner (as mentioned to L.J.) on your return though as you mention it will be twds the end of the month, it is most possible that you will not find me here but at “the Hermitage”, South Lambeth, (a delightful entomological spot) where I hope to spend many years, & to be quietly seated in about 10 days. My Catalogue will be out on Monday I ha have a complete fair copy at last. & believe me to remain | yours very truly | J. F. Stephens", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[138, 147, "PERSON"], [180, 183, "CARDINAL"], [191, 194, "CARDINAL"], [213, 216, "CARDINAL"], [315, 316, "CARDINAL"], [384, 393, "PERSON"], [442, 460, "DATE"], [545, 554, "ORG"], [760, 762, "MONEY"], [820, 822, "CARDINAL"], [829, 837, "DATE"], [902, 908, "GPE"], [926, 935, "DATE"], [1013, 1017, "GPE"], [1072, 1092, "DATE"], [1169, 1182, "GPE"], [1240, 1250, "DATE"], [1278, 1291, "DATE"], [1293, 1305, "ORG"], [1321, 1327, "DATE"], [1410, 1426, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2972, "text": "I will forward my annual Report on our Allotments next week. You will find an experiment detailed which will probably interest you. I am glad to see how steadily you keep up the Ball at Reigate– Yours very truly, J. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[18, 24, "DATE"], [39, 49, "ORG"], [50, 59, "DATE"], [230, 249, "ORG"], [269, 279, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2973, "text": "S. P. Mansel's address is Bramdean Alresford Hants Yrs ever H. Tasker", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[0, 14, "PERSON"], [26, 44, "PERSON"], [45, 54, "PERSON"], [60, 69, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2974, "text": "Your kind note of many days since would have been sooner answered, had we not been expecting the box with Wire’s pottery, which you mentioned in it. As this box has not yet arrived I write to say so, and also how much gratified we should be to hear an account of the Roman fictile products of Colchester – such as you may deem advisable. We desire much to see your method of mounting the different specimens – from your description that method would seem excellently well adapted for the purpose of illustration.– I know not how few you may have in your power– but seeing by the newspapers that more glass beads (Anglo-Saxon, I believe) have been discovered in some quantity near Bury S t Edmunds, we are anxious to purchase some for our historical collection of glass – among which glass beads form a most interesting portion – In our own time, we have purchased a magnificent collection of Venetian beads from the Great Exhibition – and it is most interesting to compare this manufacture with the ancient – Egyptian, Grecian, Roman– The very same ?? are still preserved at Venice– Now we find beads from the barrows in England of various early dates – precisely the same with those found in Italy and Greece– Thus the Bury `beads became objects of interest to us– Do you think you could kindly send us. Very sincerely yours | H. T. De la Beche", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[18, 27, "DATE"], [267, 272, "NORP"], [293, 303, "PERSON"], [613, 624, "ORG"], [680, 696, "FAC"], [892, 900, "NORP"], [912, 932, "EVENT"], [1009, 1017, "NORP"], [1019, 1026, "NORP"], [1028, 1033, "PERSON"], [1075, 1081, "GPE"], [1121, 1128, "GPE"], [1193, 1198, "GPE"], [1203, 1209, "GPE"], [1326, 1345, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2975, "text": "Very many thanks for your excellent Sermon which I have read with great pleasure. It is just that union of Religion & good sense which a Sermon should be, with that practical application to the minds of the hearers which must assure their conviction. I am particularly pleased with your rebuke of that morbid sentiment— a pity (for to religion you have clearly shown it has no claims) which puts more for the criminal than his victim, & of the extension of this feeling to the class furnishing our juniors leading to that confounding of justice, & wilful lying which you have so admirably pointed out. This [illeg] affair like that of the Criminal will I have no doubt bring good out of evil as all history & experience for men is the constant method of Providence in the government of the world. I am | my dear Sir | yours very truly | W. Spence", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[36, 42, "PERSON"], [137, 143, "NORP"], [754, 764, "PRODUCT"], [835, 846, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2976, "text": "We wish you & yours a happy new year tho’ I hardly know whether you have any of your family with you at present besides Louisa. — Leonard, I suppose, is too far off to have joined your Xmas dinner party, & George too, much taken up with his new wife. — I have just finished Darwin’s book, & should very much like to know what you think of it when you have got through it yourself—. I am not at all indisposed to accept his theory in part, — tho’ perhaps he would say — if in part — how can you refuse to go the whole way with me upon the same reasoning. — I am no stickler for the multitudes of so-called species treated or adopted by so many naturalists of the present day, — & can imagine the Genera, & perhaps families, when perfectly natural, to have originated in a single stock; — but when I think of a Whale or an Elephant by the side of a little mouse & am told they have the same parentage, I stand aghast at the boldness of the assumption: still more if it is attempted to bring together in the same way, (only throwing their beginnings back to a far more remote period of time,) — the vertebrate, annulose, & other leading types of the animals of kingdom. — To this latter step, & still more to tracing all organised beings to one source there seems to me the objection that does not ly ie against the possibility of one a single class, such as birds, being all modified descendants of some form, viz that there are no connecting limbs, — no intermediate forms, or hardly any, either recent or fossil to be met with. — The existence of man too seems to me the great difficulty of all. I was beginning to think he had passed over this matter entirely, — till almost in the last page I find him saying that his theory “throws light on the origins of men & his history.” — This can only be a civil way of saying that my great, great, &c. &c. grandfather was an oran-outang. — Will this go down with the majority of readers, — do you not feel the dignity of your pedigree thereby impeached? — But soberly, — tho’ I am not one of those who generally mix up scripture & science, I cannot see what sense or meaning is to be attached to Gen. ii, v.7, & especially vs. 21 & 22, — respecting the origin of woman, — if the human species at least is not to be allowed to have had an independent creation, — but to have merely come into the world by ordinary descent from previously existing races of living beings, whatever these latter may be supposed to be! — Neither can I assent to the doctrine that man’s reasoning faculties, — & above all his moral sense, — could ever have been obtained from irrational progenitors, — by mere natural selection acting however gradually, & for whatever length of time that may be required. — This seems to me to be doing away altogether with the divine image, —w. h forms the insurmountable distinction between man & brutes.— What severe cold we have had till lately & now what wet: even here, in my sheltered garden, the therm r was as low as 15 o. — Now we have a flood of water, & the bridge by w. h I cross the brook to my parish of Wooley carried away: — I shall have to make a round tomorrow morning to get to Church. My wife joins me in kind love, & many good wishes, to Louisa & yourself. — We are both tolerable. Your’s affect ly | L. Jenyns", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[28, 36, "DATE"], [120, 126, "ORG"], [130, 137, "PERSON"], [185, 202, "ORG"], [204, 212, "GPE"], [274, 280, "PERSON"], [658, 673, "DATE"], [695, 701, "ORG"], [809, 814, "ORG"], [1238, 1241, "CARDINAL"], [1328, 1331, "CARDINAL"], [2029, 2032, "CARDINAL"], [2149, 2152, "GPE"], [2171, 2178, "DATE"], [2972, 2984, "CARDINAL"], [3075, 3081, "GPE"], [3127, 3143, "TIME"], [3154, 3160, "ORG"], [3216, 3233, "ORG"], [3277, 3288, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2977, "text": "From a careful analysis of 5 grains of Mr. Henslow’s mineral from Anglesea, independently of its crystalline form, it appears to consist of Gr Silica, 3 = 60 Alumina, 1 1/10 = 22 Soda, 5/10 = 10 Lime, 1/10 = 2 Water of absorption 1/10 = 2 Loss, Zn 2 Iron 2 Grains — 4/100 Total 4. 8/10 without the Loss w.ch equals 2/10 This Mineral gelatinizes in acid & is electric by friction. It is properly therefore anhydrous analcine, & quite a new variety. E.D.Clarke", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[27, 28, "CARDINAL"], [43, 50, "PERSON"], [66, 74, "ORG"], [140, 149, "ORG"], [151, 152, "CARDINAL"], [155, 157, "CARDINAL"], [158, 165, "GPE"], [167, 173, "CARDINAL"], [176, 178, "CARDINAL"], [179, 183, "ORG"], [185, 189, "CARDINAL"], [192, 194, "CARDINAL"], [201, 205, "CARDINAL"], [208, 209, "CARDINAL"], [230, 234, "CARDINAL"], [237, 238, "CARDINAL"], [248, 249, "CARDINAL"], [258, 264, "GPE"], [267, 272, "CARDINAL"], [279, 280, "CARDINAL"], [282, 286, "CARDINAL"], [316, 320, "CARDINAL"], [349, 355, "ORG"]]}
+{"id": 2978, "text": "You must have been surprized at my long silence, but the enclosed envelope will explain to you that your letter of the 9 th has only reached me today– There being so many Hitchams, Bildestons or Bilstons, & Hadleighs, any letters (without Suffolk appended) directed to me, perform a grand tour before they arrive– I had two last week from Bury (only 13 miles off) which had traveled to Hertfordshire– I am delighted to hear that M rs Whewell has profited by her seaside sojourn – & you will be equally pleased (I doubt not) to find that our stay at Aldboro' had so far improved the health of M rs Henslow that, she went through to Brighton in one day, without any great fatigue– I left her there 3 weeks ago, & we continue to hear good accounts from her– She is with El. Jenyns – & Mary J. is also staying there– I expect she will remain about 3 weeks longer– I should very much have enjoyed a trip to Lowestoffe, but we are expecting very soon a visit from Miss Hooker, & M r Coleman (the American Agriculturist) & I fear this will keep me engaged till quite the end of Sep tr. The Girls have been very busy clothing speckies last week for our little annual fête which came off without accident, beyond a few failures, & the conflagration (from windy gusts) & consequent non-ascent of a Balloon– The company not being aware that a Balloon was to ascend, mistook the conflagration for part of the fireworks, & thought it produced a very pretty effect in lighting up the scene! You may rest assured that I shall be very ready to attend to your wishes about your History & will think the matter over as to how I can assist you with suggestions– There has been a good deal done in some parts of Cryptogamic botany of late years by Berkely & others. reducing whole genera of fungi to merely conditional forms of development of particular species– & also the general conditions of the ovule necessary to its fertilization has had light thrown upon it– I fear (indeed I know) that I am not so well qualified as I ought to be to speak authoratively on these matters – but I dare say with a little enquiry on some points of those who are more enlightened, I may be able to help. When I came to reside at Hitcham, I had fancied that I should have more opportunity than ever to devote my time to Botany – but I well remember a remark of Willis – \"you will get entangled in other interests, & become less able to pay attention to your Professorship\" – & so it has proved– It is now above 3 years & a half since I have been absent from Hitcham on a Sunday – & what with double duty to provide for – ordinary parish duty – justice business – & now & then the necessity of acting as Chaperon to my daughters (M rs H. being ill) my time is pretty fully occupied– The girls kept me at a dance will 3 o'Cl. A. M. only 3 nights ago– Kind regards to M rs W. | Ever y rs truly | J S Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[119, 120, "CARDINAL"], [144, 149, "DATE"], [171, 179, "NORP"], [195, 216, "ORG"], [239, 246, "PERSON"], [320, 323, "CARDINAL"], [324, 333, "DATE"], [339, 343, "GPE"], [345, 358, "QUANTITY"], [386, 399, "PERSON"], [429, 441, "PERSON"], [549, 557, "ORG"], [631, 639, "GPE"], [643, 650, "DATE"], [696, 707, "DATE"], [767, 769, "ORG"], [771, 777, "PERSON"], [782, 789, "PERSON"], [838, 851, "DATE"], [902, 912, "GPE"], [958, 969, "ORG"], [986, 1015, "ORG"], [1129, 1138, "DATE"], [1154, 1160, "DATE"], [1248, 1262, "ORG"], [1563, 1572, "ORG"], [1694, 1705, "PRODUCT"], [1716, 1726, "DATE"], [1730, 1746, "ORG"], [2198, 2205, "GPE"], [2288, 2294, "GPE"], [2329, 2335, "PERSON"], [2526, 2533, "GPE"], [2539, 2545, "DATE"], [2671, 2679, "PERSON"], [2784, 2791, "QUANTITY"], [2792, 2797, "PERSON"], [2798, 2815, "DATE"]]}
+{"id": 2979, "text": "Canst thou tell me the names of the most eminent Naturalists who rose from the working classes – that I may read the accounts to bring forward in evidence what this class can do – to encourage others in their studies– I have the life of Wilson & Crowther Sir H Austin paid a visit to the Museum this morning & seemd much pleased with our progress In haste Thine very truly James Ransome", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[237, 254, "ORG"], [259, 267, "PERSON"], [295, 307, "TIME"], [356, 361, "GPE"], [373, 386, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2980, "text": "Your umbrella is not in the Lodge. The account is tolerably good, but my letters continue to be mortifying. Revd. J. Capper against, one vote for Bankes & the other probably for Goulburn. Revd. Ch. Wheelwright, second vote probably for Lord Palmerston. The first for Bankes. Truly yours J. Wood", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[28, 33, "GPE"], [114, 123, "PERSON"], [133, 136, "CARDINAL"], [146, 154, "ORG"], [178, 186, "ORG"], [211, 217, "ORDINAL"], [257, 262, "ORDINAL"], [287, 294, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2981, "text": "My paragraph may stand with the addition of the following– B N. B. Part [illeg number] of Balfour's Manual contains all, or nearly all, that will be required on the Structure & Physiology of Plants– And our British plants should be examined by the Floras of either Hooker & Arnott or Babington, for obtaining such information as will be necessary to qualify a student for describing plants contained in the few Orders named in the Syllabus, & to be illustrated during the Lectures– Dr Hooker has been with us since Monday, & I went to Ipswich yesterday with him & F. & F. or I would have had answered your letter sooner– Kind regards to Mrs Whewell & | believe me | Ever yr truly | J S Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[90, 106, "ORG"], [161, 197, "ORG"], [207, 214, "NORP"], [248, 280, "ORG"], [284, 293, "ORG"], [431, 442, "ORG"], [472, 480, "ORG"], [485, 491, "ORG"], [515, 521, "DATE"], [543, 552, "DATE"], [558, 571, "ORG"], [637, 652, "ORG"]]}
+{"id": 2982, "text": "I return to you this copy of the Sheets w. h Daubeny sent to me yesterday having corrected my own— chiefly that at Page 104 where my Quotation was not correctly given— I also return you your Tooth or Tusk from Buenos Ayres for I hardly know what name to call it whether it be incisor or one of the Rodontia or a Tusk of some small Animal among the Pachydermata— Pentland is of opinion that it is an Incisor be it what it may I have mended it for you & return it honestly, & wish the other thin Molars which were fallen into many Pieces were also set to rights— I suppose you are almost left alone at Cambridge— I am still here but meaning to run to the sea in Herts or the I of Wight the Beginning of Sept— I see Lord Althorpe has put off the English Church Bill till the next Meeting of Parlt in the Mean time shd Potton fall you will oblige me by the most early intelligence & still more oblige M rs Buckland who is much more anxious than I am to get away from Oxford from the damp Air of which she suffers so much— Pray present my best regards to M rs Henslow & believe me | very sincerely yours | W m Buckland", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[64, 73, "DATE"], [115, 123, "FAC"], [200, 204, "WORK_OF_ART"], [210, 222, "ORG"], [348, 360, "GPE"], [362, 370, "ORG"], [494, 500, "GPE"], [600, 609, "GPE"], [660, 665, "GPE"], [743, 750, "NORP"], [758, 762, "PERSON"], [788, 793, "PERSON"], [815, 821, "PERSON"], [963, 969, "ORG"], [984, 987, "ORG"], [1050, 1072, "ORG"], [1099, 1113, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2983, "text": "You must continue to come over here either on Friday, or Monday next. Mr. Audubon has brought some engravings of his work on American birds, more splendid than you ever beheld – Elephant folio, highly colored, 2 guineas per No. – each No containing 5 plates – Birds natural size – groups of birds and flowers where the subjects are small – 26 yrs in the woods of America – Losing 70 per cent by the publication, from a want of subscriptions – determined to continue it at all risks – subscribers increasing rapidly. The Public library has subscribed – and I hope the Fitzwilliam will. I have also planned a subscription of 5/– per head per annum for a copy for the Phil. Soc. there being five nos = 10 gns published annually. Of course I shall put your name down. The man is very amiable, very zealous, and deserves to be extensively patronised. The paper for each plate costs him 2/– so that you have engraving and coloring for 6/–. He is to bring his drawings here on Friday evening, and I intend to summon a meeting of the Council on Monday for the purpose of mentioning the subject and one or 2 other things I have to say. Perhaps you wd prefer coming on that day. I have returned a noble copy of the Flora Danica 10 vol. fol. for 10 gns. Yrs ever sincerely | J S Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[46, 52, "DATE"], [57, 63, "DATE"], [74, 81, "PERSON"], [125, 133, "NORP"], [210, 211, "CARDINAL"], [249, 250, "CARDINAL"], [340, 342, "CARDINAL"], [363, 370, "GPE"], [380, 391, "MONEY"], [567, 578, "ORG"], [665, 669, "PERSON"], [688, 692, "CARDINAL"], [699, 701, "CARDINAL"], [716, 724, "DATE"], [881, 883, "CARDINAL"], [970, 976, "DATE"], [977, 984, "TIME"], [1022, 1036, "ORG"], [1037, 1043, "DATE"], [1090, 1093, "CARDINAL"], [1097, 1098, "CARDINAL"], [1159, 1167, "DATE"], [1235, 1237, "CARDINAL"], [1262, 1275, "PRODUCT"]]}
+{"id": 2984, "text": "Ray Society's Publications for– 1, 42 — Progress of Phys. Bot 5 — Reports on Bot. Geog. 6 — Geography of plants 9 — Reports by Link & Grisebach ——— I have been thinking of your wishes, & it seems to me the above may be of some use to you– I found when I proceeded to examine the Gardeners Chronicle that the Index for 1856 had not yet been published– As I had prepared my own copy for binding I had thrown away the references to Articles on the covers of the separates N os. – I there fore have not been able to fulfill my promise of hunting up Hooker's scattered articles on De Candolle's Geographie– but probably the Index will soon be out now & then there will be no difficulty– I am so occupied from Morn till Night that I cannot quite spare the time for the hunt without some such clue– I wrote to Hooker, who is so infinitely more au fait at Botanical Progress than myself, & he tells me he has written to you to say he will, as soon as he possibly can, devote the time necessary to meet your wishes– You will thus have infinitely better authority than I am for amendment & additions. If you will let me see the proof sheets I may possibly correct a few technicalities or misprints, but I feel sure that D r Hooker will leave nothing to be desired in the way of information– I dare say you know his preface to the New Zealand Flora– Berkeley has just brought out an Introduction to Cryptogamic Botany– & you can consult his preface with advantage– More advance has been made of late years in this part of the subject than in any other– This has been owing to the vast improvements of late in Microscopes, toys in the hands of so many – mighty engines in the Service of progress with the few– I find our botanical nomenclature sadly grates upon the ears of some of our Cambridge friends – in the notice of what we require at the next Nat Sc. Tripos– I tell the V. C. the Classics of the Universities are to blame in having allowed the Nat. Sc. to progress without their aid– No doubt a Scientific Idea can be conveyed by a barbarity as well as by a humanity– but the latter is to be preferred if we can have it – as much as good manners are preferable to vulgarity– Ever y rs sincerely | J S Henslow P. S. Mrs H. bids me add her kind regards– I will try & find you more matter before I come up on the 27 th –", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[0, 13, "PERSON"], [14, 33, "ORG"], [35, 37, "DATE"], [40, 56, "PRODUCT"], [62, 63, "CARDINAL"], [112, 113, "CARDINAL"], [127, 143, "ORG"], [275, 298, "ORG"], [318, 322, "DATE"], [429, 437, "ORG"], [469, 474, "ORG"], [545, 551, "ORG"], [576, 589, "ORG"], [590, 600, "NORP"], [704, 708, "GPE"], [803, 809, "ORG"], [848, 866, "FAC"], [1210, 1220, "ORG"], [1320, 1331, "GPE"], [1339, 1347, "GPE"], [1484, 1494, "DATE"], [1598, 1609, "GPE"], [1774, 1783, "GPE"], [1839, 1845, "PERSON"], [1847, 1853, "PERSON"], [2306, 2308, "CARDINAL"]]}
+{"id": 2985, "text": "Your letter w. h I have just received has given me unexpressible pleasure. I cannot tell you how it has soothed my feelings & what comfort I have derived from it. It is most precious to me the affectionate & pious remembrance you have of my beloved brother – accept the offering of a grateful heart for this & for all your kind & judicious arrangements – often have I prayed that God may bless you & believe me to share some of your friendship & regard will be a most valued & esteemed possession – Two keys were attached to his watch w. h will help you to procure all the rest. I shall be able I hope to send them in this letter – With regard to his clothes I think they sh. d all be disposed of where you are. Do precisely as you feel disposed inclined. I would not have any of them sent away from Cambridge – but all disposed of on the spot.– His gown might be left back till we decide further – Please do give my best regards to Mr Dawes & tell him how much I feel his delicate attention respecting the horse (from feeling how fond he was of it!) I sh d be happy indeed were he to suit Mr D – if not it sh. d be sold at once as surely it w’ be desirable to have it off our hands. As I cannot by any arrangement be able to retain it myself– It is quite correct (?) to Mr Calvert to pay that money into the bankers hand it would be the best arrangement for commanding funds to answer all demands, w h must on the whole be considerable and I think with Mr Dawes’ assistance we shall soon have things in order. Will you be so kind as settle properly & liberally with him. I had better write to Dr French. It can only be taken as a comf– t & if necessary (?) can do no harm – Indeed my feelings dictate that I ought to do so – I am writing in a hurry to save post & am yours most truly & affectionately | E B Ramsay", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[499, 502, "CARDINAL"], [800, 809, "GPE"], [933, 948, "ORG"], [1274, 1281, "PERSON"], [1457, 1462, "PERSON"], [1597, 1603, "LANGUAGE"], [1758, 1767, "ORG"], [1802, 1814, "PRODUCT"]]}
+{"id": 2986, "text": "I am directed by the Senate to communicate to you the accompanying Resolution which was adopted at its meeting on the 16. th inst. If, therefore, you should desire to offer yourself as a Candidate for the office you now hold, for the ensuing year, you will be good enough to send in your application after the announcement of the vacancies, which will probably be published in a week from this date. I am, Sir, | your obed t Serv t| Will m B Carpenter P.S. I should add that it is proposed to appoint Two Examiners in Botany, to perform all the duties conjointly, at a Salary of £75 each.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[21, 27, "ORG"], [67, 77, "ORG"], [230, 246, "DATE"], [377, 383, "DATE"], [389, 398, "DATE"], [425, 429, "ORG"], [501, 504, "CARDINAL"], [518, 524, "GPE"], [580, 582, "MONEY"]]}
+{"id": 2987, "text": "I ought, ere this, to have expressed the sympathy which I felt with you on hearing of your loss, and the regret that I should, unconsciously, have intruded on you in that moment. Your kind answer relative to the Red Crag includes mainly what I was in quest of. I am preparing a Course of Lectures on Fossil Mammalia for the College this Spring. If your Mammoth’s jaw is entire, with both rami (?), & the joints perfect, £5 would not be too much. Every degree of mutilation lowers, almost in a geometrical ratio, the money value. You will see, therefore, that the specimen should be seen, or a sketch sent, to enable me to give a nearer answer. Believe me | Ever your’s truly | Richard Owen", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[276, 343, "WORK_OF_ART"], [677, 689, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2988, "text": "The Althaea hirsuta was noticed in Kent many years ago & recorded in Symon's catalogue of British plants, & also in Turner & Dillwyn's guide. I found it plentifully in the fields between Cuxton & Cobham in Kent, but think it very probable that it got there from seed originally imported in corn from the continent. I sd. say it had about an equal claim to insertion in our British catalogue with Delphinium, Glaucium, Adonis, & some other annuals found only in cultivated ground. The Scirpus carinatus was a mistake for caricinus the former I do not possess. Mespilus cotoneaster is figured in the last No. of Flora Londinensis (now concluded). Believe me Yr. obedient servt J. S. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[4, 11, "PERSON"], [35, 39, "GPE"], [40, 54, "DATE"], [69, 74, "ORG"], [90, 97, "NORP"], [116, 134, "ORG"], [187, 202, "ORG"], [206, 210, "GPE"], [373, 380, "NORP"], [396, 427, "ORG"], [484, 491, "ORG"], [610, 627, "PERSON"], [656, 658, "PERSON"], [675, 688, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2989, "text": "I am much mortified that I did not meet you last night. On my return from a Press meeting I found a bundle of Examination papers on my table which put everthing else out of my head. I have just seen Revd. I.J.Cooke of St.Johns who is a plumper. G.Blamire Esqure of St. Johns votes for Copley and Bankes. Most truly yours J.Wood", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[44, 54, "TIME"], [110, 121, "ORG"], [199, 203, "PERSON"], [218, 220, "PERSON"], [221, 226, "PERSON"], [265, 274, "GPE"], [285, 291, "ORG"]]}
+{"id": 2990, "text": "I was glad to see your new list of Hitcham plants. I now fulfill a sort of promise I made you at Cambridge last year of sending a few more copies of ‘June’ for use as prizes etc. I am in hopes you will have a fine day on Wednesday; there was a School feast here last Tuesday & the rain came down most unmercifully— I am however personally interested in the weather on Wednesday next as a large party of Entomologists are going to spend the day at Reigate & favourable weather is a most desirable addition to the programme. Believe me, Dear Sir | yours very truly | H. T. Stainton", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[35, 42, "GPE"], [97, 106, "GPE"], [107, 116, "DATE"], [150, 154, "WORK_OF_ART"], [207, 217, "DATE"], [221, 230, "DATE"], [262, 274, "DATE"], [368, 377, "DATE"], [403, 416, "NORP"], [447, 467, "ORG"]]}
+{"id": 2991, "text": "The Suffolk Archaeologiae have requested me to read a paper at their next meeting on the flint implements found in the Post Pleocene drift— I have several specimens lent me by Prestwich who was here a few days since— I hear you have lately been to Amiens returned laden with specimens— if so I should much like to see them if you will be at home on Monday I should much enjoy an hours chat with you if you will be at Hitcham— I am residing at Grundisburgh Hall— a place just suited to a man with ten children— if you are not engaged on the 24. th will you come to the meeting of the Suffolk Institute— I inclose your programme— I rather expect the Rev. Canon Marsden of Great Oakley who would be delighted to meet you I am sure— but I cant promise you any great archaeological treat except in the inspection of some extraordinary antiquities collected by the late surgeon of this village M. r Acton— they are really worth inspecting— There is also a very fair Collection of Geological specimens from the Suffolk Coprolite diggings— I fear that our mad friend Whincopp of Woodbridge wont let us see his “fruits” but his collection is well worth even the bore of going thro’ it with him— I suppose that the facts as stated by Prestwich of the Amiens flints remains “That they are of undoubted human workmanship— “That they are formed in undisturbed gravel” “That they are associated with remains of extinct Mammalia” “That the period of their deposit was Post-Pliocene — anterior to the surface of the country opening its present outline so far at least as its minor features are concerned therefore that man was present at last great catastrophe I suppose in fact that the Hoxne beds are the age of debris of the old face of the country when its features had more of the Lagoon character about it than at present in this district— Grundisburgh is on the Boulder Clay that I am on the look out for something similar here I assure you— Prestwich called me to go to Hoxne with him last week with Evans and Flower but I was unfortunately engaged— I have a green old place here in a Park of sixty Acres but nothing worthy a visit of the Institute altho’ in Programme— I shall read my paper in Woodbridge its only a ten minute affair* yours faithfully | R. Rolphe *to call the attention of members to the fact that these remains of the Post-Pleiocene era [illeg] exist in [illeg] of their own parishes at their own doors if they would but look out for them I can give you a bed at Grundisburgh & [illeg] welcome whenever you can come as if you can’t come on the 24 th I wish you would come & see what can be done with Actons collection at the poor widow’s next sale. Woodward of the British Museum advises their being sent to London for sale & says the Museum Authorities will attempt to purchase some thing—", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[0, 25, "ORG"], [176, 185, "PERSON"], [199, 209, "DATE"], [248, 254, "ORG"], [349, 355, "DATE"], [417, 424, "GPE"], [443, 460, "FAC"], [496, 499, "CARDINAL"], [579, 600, "ORG"], [653, 666, "PERSON"], [670, 682, "ORG"], [888, 898, "PERSON"], [960, 984, "PRODUCT"], [1059, 1081, "ORG"], [1453, 1466, "ORG"], [1672, 1677, "ORG"], [1770, 1776, "PERSON"], [1830, 1842, "PERSON"], [1849, 1865, "ORG"], [1962, 1967, "ORG"], [1977, 1986, "DATE"], [1992, 1997, "NORP"], [2002, 2008, "PERSON"], [2075, 2096, "LOC"], [2131, 2140, "ORG"], [2151, 2160, "PERSON"], [2209, 2219, "TIME"], [2245, 2256, "PERSON"], [2474, 2490, "ORG"], [2555, 2557, "CARDINAL"], [2611, 2617, "PERSON"], [2660, 2668, "PERSON"], [2672, 2690, "ORG"], [2719, 2725, "GPE"]]}
+{"id": 2992, "text": "I have had a loverly and instructive day.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": []}
+{"id": 2993, "text": "I send this morning to be forwarded by the steamer of the first, a small package for you directed to the House of the American booksellers Wiley & Putnam Stationers Court Pater Noster Row London. I have made arrangements with this House for the transmission of packages and should you wish hereafter to send me anything it will come safely and with \"dispatch\" through this channel. You will find in the package the last No of the Flora of North America, which as yet has been published. I have sent you in succession the several nos. of this work as they have appeared and you will oblige me by informing me in your next letter if your set is complete up to this time. I have received from you during the past year two packages the one containing your letters on agriculture and the other your account of the Roman antiquities found at Rougham. The letters on agriculture came in very good time. We have lately established an agricultural society in this state of which I am a member and therefore it behoves me to learn something of the subject. I think your letters admirably fitted for the object for which they were intended and I have read them with much pleasure and instruction. I have made several ineffectual attempts to procure an Alligator for you. Several of my pupils on their return to the south have attempted to send on one to me but the animal has died or has been lost in the transportation. A few years ago two were sent from New Orleans to Professor Jager which came safely and I supposed I would find no difficulty in getting one for you in the same manner but I have not been so fortunate. Many thanks to you for your kind invitation to visit your parsonage. I have not the least doubt from past experience that I would be made \"right welcome\" but at present I have not the most distant idea of ever visiting England again. If however by any unforseen circumstances I sh[ould] ever again cross the Great Deep I sho[uld] certainly not leave England without visiting you. I know not if you are still in the line of mineralogy but I send you a specimen of uniaxial mica from Orange Co. state of New York. The biaxial variety is very common but this I send is rare in the United States. By polarized light the single axis is readily determined. The recollections of my visit to Cambridge are of the most pleasurable kind and this pleasure is renewed every time I hear from you. I hope therefore although our communications may be short and far between that they may be continued through life. I hope in the course of a few months to be able to send you some of the results of my late researches in electricity and other subjects in Natural Philosophy. I have just been engaged in a series of experiments on \"soap bubbles\" which has afforded me considerable amusement and more instruction than I anticipated. Yours Truly | Joseph Henry", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[7, 19, "TIME"], [58, 63, "ORDINAL"], [101, 170, "ORG"], [177, 194, "PERSON"], [231, 236, "ORG"], [701, 718, "DATE"], [732, 735, "CARDINAL"], [809, 814, "NORP"], [836, 843, "GPE"], [1410, 1429, "DATE"], [1445, 1456, "GPE"], [1470, 1475, "PERSON"], [1831, 1838, "GPE"], [1916, 1932, "EVENT"], [1962, 1969, "GPE"], [2094, 2104, "ORG"], [2114, 2122, "GPE"], [2186, 2203, "GPE"], [2296, 2305, "GPE"], [2535, 2547, "DATE"], [2650, 2668, "ORG"], [2840, 2852, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2994, "text": "I read the Programme you kindly sent me with great interest, seeing in imagination the delight of your wildflower nosegay makers & successful horticultural competitors, & indeed of all your parishioners old & young, from the new sources of information & topics of thought & causation, for which they must feel they are so deeply indebted to you. Would that all parishioners were thus taught to be “merry & wise” & had a like feeling that their pleasure & happiness are cared for by those above them! What a pleasure in prospect for how many weeks & to how many hearts the announced excursion to the Orwell! I regret that I have no contributions to offer to your Museum. I transfer all the Insects that came into my possession to the Entom. l Society, & I am not in the way of getting specimens in other departments of Natural History. I like much your plan of giving offhand lectures as you happily call them on a single object. I have long seen that the great defect of lectures is that they pour too much at once into the narrow neck of the receiving vessel so that more than half goes to waste. A lecturet on your Albatross that followed a ship 3000 miles, would be of more real use than a lecture of 2 hours on Ornithology generally. Believe me My dear Sir | Yours most truly | W. Spence", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[114, 130, "ORG"], [240, 283, "ORG"], [398, 413, "ORG"], [599, 605, "PERSON"], [733, 738, "NORP"], [818, 833, "ORG"], [1068, 1082, "CARDINAL"], [1148, 1158, "QUANTITY"], [1204, 1211, "TIME"], [1261, 1268, "PERSON"], [1280, 1291, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2995, "text": "The ominous silence in M. r Laing’s letter as to the condition I annexed to the acceptance of the Trusteeship, pretend that it cannot be fulfilled. And indeed, on reflection, as it is a post-testamentary arrangement, I suppose the estate could not be charged with any expence that a Trustee might have to incur, or give any guarantee against contingent risks. I suppose, therefore, I must limit my trouble to the duties assigned to me by our good old friend, viz., the disposition of his pupils to the best scientific application. Yours very sincerely, | Richard Owen.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[23, 35, "PERSON"], [98, 109, "GPE"], [283, 290, "ORG"], [555, 567, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2996, "text": "I am sorry that I cannot send you any duplicates as I have given all I had away to Charlesworth to assist his Society and my whole collection of Fossils is at the Ipswich Museum. The last time I saw them at the Museum a great many of them were stowed away in drawers and in rather rough condition but you will find all you want there I think– I must leave further collecting to my youngsters as I cannot now spare the time – I hope that I shall be at your next lecture and have the pleasure of seeing you again – You will have seen by the Papers how Sir F. Thesiger and Sir Fitzroy Kelly have been for the last two or three days puzzling the judges about the Coprolite and M r Lawes Patent rights I suppose it will be settled this week – The deposits in Suffolk are fast wearing out and I am again at work in the neighbourhood of Cambridge – M r Lawes actions have been a great source of anxiety – litigation and expence to all but I think now it will be finally settled against his Patent rights – I regret I cannot assist you with any duplicates but should I be able to get any before your lecture I will bring them with me I remain |My dear Sir |faithfully yours |W. m Colchester", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[83, 95, "ORG"], [159, 177, "ORG"], [539, 545, "PERSON"], [554, 565, "PERSON"], [574, 587, "PERSON"], [602, 628, "DATE"], [659, 668, "LOC"], [726, 735, "DATE"], [754, 761, "GPE"], [830, 839, "GPE"], [983, 989, "PRODUCT"]]}
+{"id": 2997, "text": "I should think by this time you are perhaps expecting to hear something of what I have done, and as I have just been driven in by the rain (of which however I must not complain—till now not a drop has fallen since I left London) I cannot find a better opportunity for giving you some detail of my proceedings. If I were asked in a general way whether I gotten many new plants I should say I had, & that I should be able to add a great many things to my own collection, perhaps quite as many as I ever expected to do this time when I cannot be said to have hardly begun botanizing yet here which is the chief place I ever had in view:— But whether I shall add anything to your collection already so extensive compared with mine is a very doubtful point. I trust however that I shall do even this in one or two instances.— The following are a few things which I remember amongst others:— the word new means that I never had or found before.— …. A new Scirpus or Schoenus.— Veronica montana — very scantily at Hastings Beta maritima — I believe but am not certain A new Umbellif. — most probably Oenanthe croc A new Linum.— Two or three new Arenarias A new Thlaspi— a nice thing.— Genista tinctoria— I rather think A new Cardamine — most prob ly hirsuta A new Hieracium - seems to answer to sylvaticum Carduus tenuiflorus — I am almost certain — rare Prenanthes muralis - several very nice specimens Ornithopus perpusillus - I had none before....\" Besides these I have no doubt there are a few which I have forgotten.– also a lot of grasses, all new to me, some of them probably maritime.– 3 or 4 new ferns.– a tolerably sized packet. of nice conferva, ulva from Hastings, amongst which are some nice ones: – I did them all up separately as carefully as I could & the time would allow, but they were all very wet & it is very doubtful what state they will be in when I open them again.– Considering however the short stay I made at Hastings it was impossible to procure them on any other terms so that if they all spoil before I get home to open them, – we must suppose I never got them at all. – also a small packet of lichens from the rocks by the sea coast – also 3 or 4 new Diadelphia plants which I cannot name , one of which puzzles me exceedingly. – I trust however that my best Botanizing is yet to come – I arrived here on Saturday evening– yesterday (Sunday) did nothing. – This morning I went out at 10 intending to go to Frant across Waterdown forest, but had not got a mile before the rain turned me back, so that this will be a blank day, with the exception of what I got in this mile, which I don’t dispise – viz: Galium saxatile, -Senecio sylvaticus, a nice moss decidedly new to me, & a beautiful little waterplant growing in boggy places by the side of the road, which I don’t know at all unless it is Peplis portula.--- On the whole my tour has turned out ten times better than my best expectations, & I have been very much pleased with all I have seen: To say the truth, before I started I was rather uncertain about the result as I have never tried anything of the sort before, & was going all alone;- but everything has turned out so well – the weather has been so fine - & my health & spirits so good that I never enjoyed myself more in my life.– If I have been diss disappointed in anything I think it is in my not having found more maritime plants at Hastings: tho spent one of the most laborious days in clambering over the cliffs & rocks for some distance both above & below the town, I could find no traces of the Eryngium, or anything else of consequence except this thing which I suppose to be Beta marit. & also a plant (which by the by I forgot to mention before) that I cannot help fancying to be Crithmum marit.– None of it however was in flower though in pale bud.– It grew on the steepest declivities hanging over the sea, & very little of it was accessible; I bought away a couple of specimens.– The last letter I wrote to Ely was from Hastings, & I shall not write again there perhaps for some days; so that by next communication send them word that you have heard of me at Tunbridge Wells.– Oh what [a] nice place this is, – so beautiful at this time of year, that I forget that I [page torn] & cannot hold my tongue – I certainly am rather in want of somebody [page torn] out to every minute.– I came by your orders to the Sussex Hotel, where [every] thing is very nice certainly, but things are so magnificent, that I shall be [page torn} [frighten]ened out of my wits when I ask for my bill.– the coffee room is quite [page torn] – I am not however much in it. – The place seems full, & the people [page torn] very gay.– a band of music plays 4 times a day just opposite [page torn] for an hour at a time which is delightful.– The theatre is open and I have some thoughts of going to it tonight, as I shall have no plants today, & not much else to do.– But the roads are so abominably sandy & dusty that they are scarcely walkable: they beat everything I ever saw in my life, really every step one takes raises such a cloud, that it is like walking in a box of pounce.–I shall stay here till Friday, on which day I intend to be off for Rochester, & have written them word to say so, under the idea that you have already said something about it before, as you promised.– whilst there I should be glad to hear from one of you as I have not had a line from a soul since I left home.–When my departure for Cambridge is finally fixed, you will hear from me again as I shall dine with you on that day, & sleep in your spare bed if empty, if not at the Sun: on which occasion all further particulars relating to my extensive travels shall be full revealed to you both.– Believe me, your’s very affectionly L. Jenyns P.S. All the plants which I had gotten up to Saturday last, together with the marine algae, I sent off from Tunbridge town to London at which place I spent one night.– I hope they will arrive safe.– Love to Harriet; & tell her my hands are quite nutty brown.–", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[221, 227, "GPE"], [798, 801, "CARDINAL"], [805, 808, "CARDINAL"], [950, 957, "NORP"], [961, 969, "ORG"], [972, 988, "GPE"], [1008, 1016, "PERSON"], [1122, 1125, "CARDINAL"], [1129, 1134, "CARDINAL"], [1139, 1154, "ORG"], [1350, 1368, "PERSON"], [1591, 1592, "CARDINAL"], [1596, 1597, "CARDINAL"], [1664, 1672, "PERSON"], [1933, 1941, "PERSON"], [2147, 2160, "LOC"], [2168, 2169, "CARDINAL"], [2173, 2174, "CARDINAL"], [2179, 2189, "ORG"], [2219, 2222, "CARDINAL"], [2333, 2341, "DATE"], [2351, 2360, "DATE"], [2362, 2368, "DATE"], [2385, 2397, "TIME"], [2412, 2414, "CARDINAL"], [2434, 2439, "ORG"], [2447, 2463, "ORG"], [2481, 2487, "QUANTITY"], [2541, 2552, "DATE"], [2590, 2599, "QUANTITY"], [2744, 2749, "GPE"], [2821, 2839, "PERSON"], [2876, 2879, "CARDINAL"], [3377, 3385, "PERSON"], [3404, 3427, "DATE"], [3489, 3496, "ORG"], [3543, 3551, "ORG"], [3961, 3964, "ORG"], [3974, 3982, "PERSON"], [4028, 4037, "DATE"], [4113, 4128, "ORG"], [4181, 4198, "DATE"], [4360, 4376, "FAC"], [4686, 4687, "CARDINAL"], [4730, 4737, "TIME"], [4830, 4837, "TIME"], [4865, 4870, "DATE"], [5037, 5040, "CARDINAL"], [5135, 5141, "DATE"], [5179, 5188, "GPE"], [5356, 5359, "CARDINAL"], [5445, 5454, "GPE"], [5529, 5537, "DATE"], [5589, 5592, "LOC"], [5743, 5757, "PERSON"], [5798, 5806, "DATE"], [5861, 5870, "FAC"], [5879, 5885, "GPE"], [5909, 5918, "TIME"], [5960, 5967, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 2998, "text": "I send you first a bottle containing Sodium. If it is turbid (the liquid) when you get it, let it rest quietly & the liquid will become clear & you will see some of the globules of sodium as metals very well I think – Do not open the bottle – or the preparation will be spoiled – it is 30 years or more old. As for Potassium I have been in the habit in lecture of putting a moderately clear piece about the size of a pea between two thick glass plates then pressing the plates together with a little lateral motion added till the potassium is spread out as large as a shilling and holding the plates together with clips of bent copper. [pen sketch of plates] Somewhere the potassium will show itself metallic & keep so under the glass for some hours. As to the wires – there is some fine copper [underlined by JSH] drawn to 1/350 of an inch – some fine platina[underlined by JSH] drawn to 1/216 of inch – 2 vials of platina in silver the platina being 1/1000 and 1/2000 of inch If you hold the ends of these in the side of a candle flame you may melt down the silver & show the platina as the specimens will show you– The platina is then best shown to a company by letting it glow as an ignited body in the flame only the 1/2000 will melt in the candle unless care be taken. There are also two cards containing like specimens of platina the 1/10000 1/20000 1/30000 of an inch in diameter - Here you want a glass to see them I have put in some pieces of Gilt silver wire & silver copper wire but here the covering metal is thick – I cannot get at any others I must ask you to return the Sodium* the *fine wires on cards & *reel – I am sorry I cannot leave them with you Ever my dear Henslow| yours truly | M. Faraday I send this note by Post & the other things by as a packet by the rail MF", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[286, 294, "DATE"], [315, 324, "ORG"], [429, 432, "QUANTITY"], [739, 749, "TIME"], [810, 813, "ORG"], [824, 829, "CARDINAL"], [875, 878, "ORG"], [889, 902, "QUANTITY"], [905, 906, "CARDINAL"], [916, 923, "GPE"], [938, 945, "GPE"], [952, 977, "QUANTITY"], [1056, 1068, "ORG"], [1078, 1085, "GPE"], [1122, 1129, "GPE"], [1222, 1228, "CARDINAL"], [1290, 1293, "CARDINAL"], [1703, 1707, "PERSON"], [1708, 1715, "DATE"], [1736, 1742, "ORG"]]}
+{"id": 2999, "text": "Your Report has reached me, and I well recollect to have read it, though I had not sufficiently mastered the details of the Sweepstakes Scheme. I think I now understand it— I name Carrots— shall this include both white and red? [In JSH’s hand: (I have replied both JSH)] I am a Subscriber to the amount of 30£ My people will send up Carrots Onions and Potatoes. The figures in the three last Columns of your table refer I suppose to Weight. I will select one allotment field— or at most two, at first, as it is better to begin gently. How many samples of each article are to be sent up? [In JSH’s hand: (I have referred him to rule 9 JSH)] I shall be at home on Thursday and will visit an allotment field and tell the people of the scheme. Believe me | yrs very truly | Ducie I shall send articles from the “Millstone pit” a fern dug soil, much more fertile than the contiguous Coal measures. [In JSH’s hand: (I have asked him what his Allottee Soc. y is to be called? JSH)]", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[180, 187, "ORG"], [232, 235, "ORG"], [265, 268, "ORG"], [306, 308, "CARDINAL"], [333, 347, "ORG"], [381, 386, "CARDINAL"], [433, 439, "PERSON"], [455, 458, "CARDINAL"], [487, 490, "CARDINAL"], [495, 500, "ORDINAL"], [591, 594, "GPE"], [632, 633, "CARDINAL"], [634, 637, "ORG"], [662, 670, "DATE"], [897, 900, "GPE"], [936, 948, "ORG"], [969, 972, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 3000, "text": "Will you have the goodness (page ripped) own Candidates hand in franking the inclosed letters. I understand he is to be at your house this evening. Yours very truly Richd Crawley", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[45, 55, "ORG"], [134, 146, "TIME"], [165, 178, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 3001, "text": "Very many thanks for your List of prizes which I have read with great pleasure. I only wish Prince Albert’s Congress just held had sent a deputation to see from the sparkling eyes & happy faces of your young Candidates on Wednesday what a powerful lesson in addition to those they suggest, might be had from making children act on the suggestions of their parents so as to induce them to let them stay longer at school to enable them to compete with effect at these tests of the improvement of their observing & intellectual powers which the marvellous success of your plan of Botanical teaching proves to be so effectual. I remember when first in Wales many years ago & deploring their ignorance of English, having observed to my Companions that if the Government instead of shutting their eyes to the Common principles of human nature, had opened English schools along with Welsh ones & arranged that every year there should be two or three heats of cricket, football & tea & cakes, to which none should be admitted but those who could read & write English as well as Welsh, the whole thing would have been done, as no male or female Taffy could have withstood their Children’s resolution to acquire the test of admission into these gatherings against in principle like yours. In declining Dr Lyon Playfair’s invitation to his Science on Wednesday at the Educational Museum, I told him in a few weeks when the crowd is less, I mean to take a leisurely stroll round it, & I hope then to see your Diagrams of the Dried Hitcham flowers of your young Botanists which will give me greater pleasure than any florist shows. I trust you will before long give us in a Volume your admirable papers in the Gardeners’ Chronicle shewing how you have worked the miracle of transforming Country children into expert Botanists. The great defect of our Common Country Schools, as observed by a newspaper writer in commenting on the late Conference which does small credit to Prince Albert & all concerned but where you of all men should have been, is no doubt that every-thing is so dry & unattractive & with no pleasurable associations for after life. In a Review lately of was an anecdote of some emigrant who had left England very young & being asked what he remembered about it, said the only things he recollected were the daisies & buttercups. There are some charming traits in George Stephenson’s Life. I am just reading how in his old age when covered with honours he resumed his young delights of birds nesting & Rabbit-finding. I shall be glad if you can have an Excursion but if the wherewithal is not yet ample enough your youngsters must live in hope for another year. Trusting this glorious weather will last over your Show I am my dear Sir, | yours very truly | W. Spence", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[92, 107, "PERSON"], [108, 116, "ORG"], [222, 231, "DATE"], [639, 644, "ORDINAL"], [648, 653, "GPE"], [654, 668, "DATE"], [700, 707, "LANGUAGE"], [849, 856, "LANGUAGE"], [876, 888, "ORG"], [903, 913, "DATE"], [930, 933, "CARDINAL"], [937, 942, "CARDINAL"], [1051, 1058, "LANGUAGE"], [1070, 1075, "ORG"], [1136, 1141, "ORG"], [1169, 1177, "PRODUCT"], [1295, 1308, "PERSON"], [1340, 1349, "DATE"], [1353, 1375, "ORG"], [1391, 1402, "DATE"], [1549, 1558, "NORP"], [1803, 1812, "NORP"], [1960, 1975, "ORG"], [2143, 2149, "ORG"], [2206, 2213, "GPE"], [2369, 2393, "PERSON"], [2653, 2665, "DATE"], [2760, 2771, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 3002, "text": "I believe I mentioned, when at Hitcham, that I had left my mss. on Meteorology with M r Van Voorst in London in order that he might look it over against my return, —And when I saw him on Friday, after leaving you, —he offered either to give me £60 for the copyright, or to print it, & divide the profits with me. —I am decidedly inclined myself to close with the first offer, rather than the second, and do not suppose that the mss is worth more than what he values it at. But before writing to give him my reply, I should like just to know what views you take of the matter, & whether your opinion is the same as mine.—Might not also such an agreement be made subject to the contingency of the sale of the book not going beyond one edition, —& that if a second were called for, something further might be allowed me! —Is this usual or not in the transactions between author & publisher? —Or under what kind of agreement have you published your own works?—I presume I might ask him to give me a certain number of copies for distribution to friends &c in addition to the 60£? And what number might I reasonably expect, 12 or 25?—Perhaps you will write me a line in reply to these inquiries as soon as you conveniently can, --that I may send my determination to Van Voorst.— There are one or two parts of the book which I shd like you to look over, before printing, & which I will transmit shortly by post. —I hope to have the greater portion of the mss ready for the press in two or three weeks, & get the whole matter off my hands, & the book out, by the end of the year, — I got back to this place yesterday, after spending Sunday at Swainswick & taking my duty; —found Jane very tolerable for her. It has been so hot travelling, that I am glad to sit still now, & hope to remain quiet for some time. —With love to all at home, Believe me, | your’s affectly | L. Jenyns Jane says to send her love to all—", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[31, 38, "GPE"], [102, 108, "GPE"], [187, 193, "DATE"], [245, 247, "MONEY"], [363, 368, "ORDINAL"], [392, 398, "ORDINAL"], [729, 732, "CARDINAL"], [755, 761, "ORDINAL"], [949, 957, "DATE"], [1070, 1073, "MONEY"], [1118, 1120, "CARDINAL"], [1124, 1135, "DATE"], [1260, 1270, "GPE"], [1283, 1286, "CARDINAL"], [1290, 1293, "CARDINAL"], [1475, 1493, "DATE"], [1551, 1570, "DATE"], [1599, 1608, "DATE"], [1625, 1631, "DATE"], [1635, 1647, "ORG"], [1671, 1675, "PERSON"], [1859, 1875, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 3003, "text": "You gave me great pleasure by favouring me with your letter of the 11 th Octobre last, which I certainly should not have left unanswered so long time, had not the loss of my grandmother and my only brother’s increasing practice and some other avocations prevented my fulfilling earlier an office, which is so very agreeable to me. I thank you heartily for the numbrous collections of brittish plants which you had the kindness to send me; and I hope to make you a similar, which one of my friends will take over to England in about two months. Most of the plants I was already possessed of, since the greater part of them grow even round our town, however as I intend not to separate them but to form a Flora Brittanica, even the most common are and shall be wellcome to me. I f you could procure me one or some specimens more of the following ones, you would oblige me very much. They are Silene maritima, Pyrola media, Orchis pyramidalis, Ophrys apifera, Papaver hybridum, Anagallis tenella, Medicago maculata, Dianthus caryophyllus, Caucalis nodosum, Smyrnium olusatrum, Orchis ustulata if fine specimens can be provided, Geranium columbinum, Statice armeria which is rather Stat. maritima, Glaucium violaceum, Ballota nigra, Picris echioides, Senecio tenuifolius, Salvia verbenaca, Sison ammomum, Rosa arvensis, Ligusticum scoticum. If possible let the Specimens be somewhat larger and more complete; flowers, leaves, seeds, and in the anual (sic) plants the root, being often necessary to be sure of the identity of the Species. Forgive my being so very intruding and allow me to assure you of the highest considerations of | Sir | your most obedient Servant | Dr. Justus Radius | Leipsic May. 28. 24.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[67, 69, "CARDINAL"], [73, 80, "PERSON"], [515, 522, "GPE"], [526, 542, "DATE"], [703, 719, "PERSON"], [891, 906, "PERSON"], [908, 914, "ORG"], [943, 949, "ORG"], [960, 967, "GPE"], [979, 988, "ORG"], [999, 1016, "PERSON"], [1018, 1026, "ORG"], [1043, 1051, "NORP"], [1154, 1161, "ORG"], [1187, 1191, "ORG"], [1193, 1201, "PERSON"], [1203, 1221, "ORG"], [1223, 1230, "ORG"], [1238, 1244, "NORP"], [1256, 1275, "PERSON"], [1277, 1283, "PERSON"], [1295, 1300, "PERSON"], [1310, 1314, "PERSON"], [1325, 1335, "GPE"], [1366, 1375, "NORP"], [1679, 1692, "PERSON"], [1703, 1710, "DATE"], [1712, 1714, "CARDINAL"]]}
+{"id": 3004, "text": "I left the Turtle at Downing - & if you send to the Porters Lodge for it you can get it. There is a small piece (besides the 2 great masses) which can be glued on. After I wrote to you I found you were fled. We are expecting Romilly next Friday - can't you manage to come with him? Ever sincerely & affectly yrs J. S. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[21, 32, "ORG"], [48, 65, "ORG"], [125, 126, "CARDINAL"], [313, 326, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 3005, "text": "I rec’d your Letter dated the 10 th of this Month closing our agreement for the Collection of British Birds and have sent answers to those Gentlemen who had written to me respecting them “that they are sold”– I have no objections to keep them a short time as you had better endeavour to get as many Subscriptions as you can for when your Gentlemen see the 10 large Cases that are completed , they will be anxious to have to have the reminder fitted up in the same manner and in uniform Cases, if you do that, and the Specimens you collect in future (are as fine as those you have just bought) to finish the Collection complete, you will have the finest Collection of British Birds ever made in this Kingdom, I am certain there are none to be compared to those you have now agreed for, “at this present time”, – Mr Lombe of Melton Hall – Norfolk – has the next best Collection of British Birds in England that I know of – I think it would be adviseable for your Counsel to adopt some Person to come and give such orders respecting the remainder of them, as there are a great many Birds in similar Cases to those you have already got which must be sent in large Packing Cases as before– the 10 large Cases are 3 feet 10 Inches Square those are completely finished and at no expence to pack them, except a Carpenter a short time to fix some Screw plates on, them which are made for the purpose, those I will lend you on those terms that you will return them free of expence to me when finish’d unpacking– there is likewise other 2 Cases the same size as the 10 cases before mention’d, which the former proprietor thought he could Mount when Stuff’d equally to the 10 cases which I fitted, being anxious to have them sooner than I could spare time to fit them up but finding them not so easy as he thought he did not complete them to please himself, one of those contains the finest Collection of small British Birds I ever saw, and the other Case for the Corvus Family these 2 cases should be remounted to correspond with the other 10 cases, those I showed to Mr Jenyns,– as to the room they will occupy I cannot say, as it depends on the height you put them upon each other , if your Counsel should think proper for me to pack the Collection and send it as it now stands, or make any alterations they wish I will do it with the greatest pleasure, on the most reasonable terms, not to injure myself, if I hope that in 6 weeks or 2 months from this Date you will be able to make ready for their reception– the Specimens that are out of Cases must be kept in some Store Case, until you get such Specimens as will make the familys complete to fill a Case as before, your answer to this, as soon as convenient that I may make any preparation will greatly oblige Your most obedient | Humble Servant | B. Leadbeater Addressed to Henslow: favour'd by the Provost of Kings Professor Henslow Philosophical Society Cambridge", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[30, 35, "QUANTITY"], [39, 49, "DATE"], [76, 107, "ORG"], [356, 358, "CARDINAL"], [517, 526, "NORP"], [607, 617, "PRODUCT"], [653, 663, "LAW"], [694, 706, "GPE"], [823, 834, "FAC"], [837, 844, "GPE"], [865, 892, "ORG"], [896, 903, "GPE"], [961, 968, "ORG"], [1079, 1084, "PRODUCT"], [1160, 1173, "PRODUCT"], [1189, 1191, "CARDINAL"], [1208, 1231, "QUANTITY"], [1338, 1343, "GPE"], [1526, 1527, "CARDINAL"], [1555, 1557, "CARDINAL"], [1627, 1632, "LOC"], [1661, 1663, "CARDINAL"], [1846, 1849, "CARDINAL"], [1879, 1889, "LAW"], [1899, 1906, "NORP"], [1939, 1965, "WORK_OF_ART"], [1972, 1973, "CARDINAL"], [2029, 2031, "CARDINAL"], [2057, 2066, "PERSON"], [2182, 2189, "ORG"], [2229, 2239, "PRODUCT"], [2415, 2422, "DATE"], [2426, 2434, "DATE"], [2506, 2515, "LOC"], [2590, 2599, "PERSON"], [2820, 2827, "WORK_OF_ART"], [2903, 2912, "GPE"]]}
+{"id": 3006, "text": "You will see that I have put to rights the Hitcham matter nunc meo — I found enquiries springing up which were ????? at once. Here is Col. Reids ans. It is a pity that Dr H did not see him — for if his father shd die his chance of succeeding to Kew might be damaged — i.e. if he has any thoughts of succeeding. Yrs | J.L. [on reverse] Dear D. r Lindley I have handed your note on the working classes to M. r Redgrave & he & I will give it consideration. I send you a some copy of the decisions that Professor Henslow may see paragraphs 61 & 62. Y.rs very sinc. | ?? Reid", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[43, 50, "GPE"], [245, 248, "PERSON"], [311, 321, "PERSON"], [345, 352, "PERSON"], [403, 425, "ORG"], [509, 516, "PERSON"], [536, 543, "PERCENT"], [545, 549, "CARDINAL"]]}
+{"id": 3007, "text": "I am afraid that I give you a great deal of trouble in sending you the first fruits of my labours in Scotland; I am just commencing to collect, & have sent you a package which I find very inconvenient to carry with my knapsack, but which I carry fear is hardly worth the carriage to Cambridge; you must not pay the slightest attention to the names I have marked down, many of wch are by guess not always having had a book with me. I wish you would dry them & poison them & if any suit you take what you like. Nothing scarcely is out here, the summer being just in its commencement, the snow not off the mountains & when Gwatkin wanted a pudding yesterday the gooseberry trees were not out of flower. However at present we have spent our time very pleasantly & have enjoyed the scenery very much. Gwatkin is quite a geologist, & discovered a great deal of coal & bituminous matter on the top of Calton Hill in Edinburgh, & it was not until we had framed our hypothesis that we discovered that it was part of the ruin of the bonfire & tar barrel at the king’s last visit to Scotland. I will be much obliged to you to write me word of the arrival or non arrival of the plants, & also any Cambridge news which you have to communicate, & let it be in the post office at Glasgow by the first of July under which expectation I drink your health in Atholl Brose. Your sincere friend | R.Twopeny", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[101, 109, "GPE"], [283, 292, "GPE"], [543, 549, "DATE"], [620, 627, "PERSON"], [645, 654, "DATE"], [796, 803, "PERSON"], [894, 905, "FAC"], [909, 918, "GPE"], [1019, 1043, "ORG"], [1072, 1080, "GPE"], [1185, 1194, "GPE"], [1265, 1272, "GPE"], [1276, 1293, "DATE"], [1375, 1386, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 3008, "text": "Rev Birch. The latter states that the Revd R. P. Adams (Sidney) is about to return to his College & if you have any friend there, Revd. Adams' vote would probably be ensured, that gentlemens expressed opinion being \"that the present members should be supported\"", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[0, 9, "ORG"], [56, 62, "ORG"], [131, 135, "PERSON"], [137, 142, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 3009, "text": "I cannot at present tell you for certain whether there will be any candidates to be examined in Botany for this M.B. Examination this term, as they are not obliged to send notice of their intention of offering themselves till the Monday previous to the Examination and the only candidate that I have at present received a notice from, is exempted from examination in Botany from having distinguished himself in that Science Tripos in that subject— Still I think there will be one or two to be so examined— When I can, I will give you further information on the matter— With respect to Examiners not being expected to be present to examine, I really can give no opinion beyond that that the Board of Med. Studies have generally thought it to be inexpedient—Prof r Cumming, however, in consequence of his greatly advanced age will scarcely I imagine be present— There is this difficulty however: it sometimes happens that candidates offer themselves for both examinations for the M.B. degree, but till the result of the 1 st Exam is known they cannot proceed to the 2 nd, consequently the delay in ascertaining the result from an absentee Examiner might be found very inconvenient— Believe me | yours very truly |H J H Bond", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[96, 102, "GPE"], [112, 128, "ORG"], [230, 236, "DATE"], [253, 264, "ORG"], [367, 373, "GPE"], [416, 430, "PERSON"], [476, 479, "CARDINAL"], [483, 486, "CARDINAL"], [686, 702, "ORG"], [756, 770, "ORG"], [978, 982, "GPE"], [1018, 1019, "CARDINAL"], [1064, 1065, "CARDINAL"], [1066, 1068, "GPE"], [1137, 1145, "ORG"], [1213, 1221, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 3010, "text": "My friend Dr Lindley has this Moment forwarded to me your letter – I write at once to say I am much gratified to find that you will oblige me by writing the Bot Shoots(?)…… Section & that I agree to the terms very willingly – My home will be at Bristol & .......... all month about forwarding the Papers – I am Dear Sir in gt haste | ….. Yr | C. W. Dilke (Ed. Athenaeum written by JSH)", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[13, 20, "PERSON"], [153, 167, "WORK_OF_ART"], [173, 182, "ORG"], [245, 265, "ORG"], [266, 275, "DATE"], [297, 303, "WORK_OF_ART"], [311, 319, "PERSON"], [338, 354, "PERSON"], [356, 358, "PERSON"], [381, 384, "ORG"]]}
+{"id": 3011, "text": "My friend M r W Wilson of Warrington knowing I had a good stock of specimens of Asplenium septentrionale requested me to send you some as he knew it to be one of your desiderata. I accordingly forwarded some to him but he unfortunately sent off his parcel to you a few days before. As I think I may be able to add some other plants to it I now address you & beg you to send me a list of your desiderata that I may see what I can send you. I have plenty of Lychnis viscaria, Arbutus unedo, Eriocaulon septangulare Helianthemum canum & can also give you Paeonia corallina, Allium ampeloprasum, Helianthemum polifolium & vulgare var surrejanum with perhaps some others. At any rate as you are I believe an advocate for collecting in the Herbarium specimens of the same plant from various habitats I may be able to help you in that way. Will you at your early convenience hand me a list of your desiderata as I propose leaving town shortly for the Severn Sea to lay in a fresh stock of Allium ampeloprasum & Adiantum capillus-veneris . After that excursion I shall go into Cheshire where the greater part of my Herbarium is & shall then be glad to send you anything you may be in want of. I happen to have specimens of Asplenium septentrionale in town so could send them at once if you would point out any channels. Believe me to be with great respect Dear Sir | Yours very truly | W Christy Jr", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[14, 22, "PERSON"], [26, 36, "GPE"], [263, 280, "DATE"], [552, 559, "GPE"], [734, 743, "LAW"], [940, 954, "LOC"], [982, 988, "ORG"], [1003, 1013, "ORG"], [1070, 1078, "GPE"], [1108, 1117, "ORG"], [1216, 1225, "ORG"], [1358, 1365, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 3012, "text": "My Dear Henslow It has hitherto been my usual destiny whenever I have tendered a vote in the Senate House (witness my vote for Jephson) to do so in express contradiction of my wishes. I have therefore wisely determined in the present instance to bottle up my extensive patronage till the day of contest, I promise therefore only this, that if my pupil remains with me I will not stir one step from home to the detriment of any one of the 25 candidates likely to come forward. I do not however see why I should conceal from you my opinion viz that I have always considered Lord Palmerston to have so strong a claim upon the University, that it will be in great danger of forfeiting its own respectability in rejecting him. You may tell Mrs Henslow that I have been induced to put up curtains in my drawing room not in consequence of any kindly emotions within the house but as a defence against the cold wintry winds that rage without. During the last month I have daily intending to write a letter to [Illeg] & send a packing case to [Illeg] but I have yet done neither yours sincerely Fred Calvert The Revd Professor Henslow Gothic Cottage Regent Street Cambridge", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[0, 31, "PERSON"], [89, 105, "ORG"], [127, 134, "PERSON"], [384, 387, "CARDINAL"], [427, 430, "CARDINAL"], [438, 440, "CARDINAL"], [572, 587, "PERSON"], [739, 746, "PERSON"], [942, 956, "DATE"], [964, 969, "DATE"], [1002, 1010, "ORG"], [1086, 1098, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 3013, "text": "I send you a few notes which I will thank you to let someone attend to - Our plumpers increase, and I feel very sanguine of success if we turn a deaf ear to experts of all sorts - I shall depend on the rooms you have been good enough to notify to me tho' I shall not probably occupy them till Wednesday, as I am wanted here. Would you oblige me by securing horses at St. Neots on Wednesday for Lord Clive. He will arrive there. Sir Watkin Williams for whom I believe you ordered horses at Huntingdon will not attend the election. The coaches are filling and I shall send you tomorrow a list of the persons arriving by them. I am Dear Sir Most faithfully yrs L. Sulivan", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[293, 302, "DATE"], [381, 390, "DATE"], [433, 448, "PERSON"], [490, 500, "ORG"], [576, 584, "DATE"], [630, 638, "PERSON"], [659, 669, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 3014, "text": "Sir Wm. H. writes me word that he has written to you touching the houses for the Bot-Gard. He seems to be very anxious we should not go wrong, & he calls Stratton \"an excellent fellow\"– I have no doubt he will assist in any way as the scheme advances, in suggesting improvements– The Curator Smith, at Kew, is a very experienced man, & he quite agrees with Sir W m in his strictures on the plan suggested, but I presume he has written to you in detail & I need not repeat what they think– I am (I believe) all but well again, but am desired to be prudent for the future – & not to sit up so late at night, or over-pay myself – with multiplicity of work– Ch! Jenyns & his wife are here – the former busy in drawing me a series of types of the Animal Kingdom for our Ipswich Museum. He has just knocked off the Great Kangaroo, & is now fingering one of the humps of a Camel– I am glad to find L. R. H. has lost none of his feathers, though he was unable to swan above the poll– Hoping that M rs Whewell is improved in health | believe me | Ever sincerely y rs | J S Henslow Poor Shelford has left a widow & 12 children wholly unprovided for, & we are about to have a meeting among the clergy to devise something to be done for them–", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[8, 10, "PERSON"], [154, 162, "PERSON"], [280, 297, "WORK_OF_ART"], [302, 305, "PERSON"], [361, 364, "PERSON"], [591, 604, "TIME"], [658, 664, "PERSON"], [738, 756, "GPE"], [805, 826, "FAC"], [866, 871, "GPE"], [891, 899, "PERSON"], [955, 959, "PERSON"], [1036, 1042, "PERSON"], [1105, 1107, "CARDINAL"]]}
+{"id": 3015, "text": "We have bagged about 14 votes, comprehending those you sent us. Ld P. will furnish you with the names. A good attendance today, and things look well. I have C. Pym Trin in my list of absolute promises but he is not in Ld Palmerston's, and it is wished you would let us know whether he is in your opinion sure, and on what authority. I must send you a very short note today and leave all other matters to Ld P. as I have such a pain in my chest that I can hardly sit upright. So no more at present, ever yrs & Carrighan, A. Mrs Watson was to have started tomorrow, but her joining is postponed Pray tell the Master that Birch has been here today and is making himself useful.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[15, 23, "CARDINAL"], [64, 69, "PERSON"], [121, 126, "DATE"], [157, 168, "PERSON"], [218, 233, "PERSON"], [367, 372, "DATE"], [404, 409, "PERSON"], [520, 533, "PERSON"], [554, 562, "DATE"], [593, 597, "PERSON"], [603, 624, "ORG"], [639, 644, "DATE"]]}
+{"id": 3016, "text": "According to your letter I mentioned your request to Mr Hughes & was enabled to show him a list of Kentish votes, a copy of a list which you sent my father & by him forwarded to me - it appears that your University Election has already been the subject of his thoughts & conversation - & that he feels decidedly hostile to Lord Palmerstons success on account of his support of the Catholics, and does not fancy appearing to canvass for him - i.e. with the voters opinions - & more particularly speak to Sir R.K. whose opinion on the Catholic Question is so well known. Mr H. mentioned 2 whom he knew had refused to support Lord P. Wharton & Whitehead of Sevenoaks - the latter was canvassed by Lord Camden - however when he has an opportunity he shall ascertain the intentions of those he can. Why I most assuredly must have given you to understand, altho' probably I might not have mentioned it - that a similar stamp receipt, signed by you, would be required to enable me to procure your salary quarterly - a receipt quarterly of course - you can use your own discretion how many you will send up - & according to opportunity etc. Pray give my compts to Harriet & love to the young ones & believe me your affecte Brother S.W. Henslow", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[53, 64, "ORG"], [99, 106, "LOC"], [328, 339, "PERSON"], [381, 390, "NORP"], [507, 511, "PERSON"], [533, 541, "NORP"], [572, 574, "PERSON"], [585, 586, "CARDINAL"], [628, 650, "ORG"], [654, 663, "NORP"], [1019, 1028, "DATE"], [1156, 1170, "ORG"], [1174, 1198, "ORG"], [1223, 1235, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 3017, "text": "I stop the press to say that Halford has just stepped in to say that he has seen Solly the younger who told him he should vote Lord P. May I report you to Carrighan? Certainly. I have therefore booked him as an absolute promise and we may look forward I think, to hear the same of his brother. He also says Fulton certainly votes with us, as also will Beaufoy. Thirlwall of Trin is an absolute promise and will manage his 2nd vote so as to advance Ld. P's election, if he should give one at all.", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[29, 36, "PERSON"], [132, 138, "PERSON"], [155, 164, "PERSON"], [307, 313, "ORG"], [374, 378, "PERSON"], [422, 425, "ORDINAL"], [448, 450, "PERSON"]]}
+{"id": 3018, "text": "I had the pleasure of receiving your Letter, in which you kindly say you will name me to some of your Friends here; I really feel greatly indebted to you for this act of Friendship, which will be of essential Service to me, for as I am almost unknown to the People in & around Richmond, I shall have difficulty, even with introductions from the Family of my Predecessor in establishing myself in the confidence of His Patients; People do not easily allow themselves to be as it were transferred from one Medical Man to another, especially to a Stranger and I shall have on that account enough to contend with until I am better known– I would have returned you my thanks for your kind Letter sooner, but I wished to see your Brother again & say how I found Him, & when I did see Him after receiving your Letter His situation appeared to me so doubtful & continued so for some time, that I really felt at a loss what to say to you; when I saw Him however two days ago, I was pleased to find that he had improved both in strength & in the Symptoms of his Disease, & most sincerely do I hope that the improvement will continue & be progressive. You are of course fully informed as to his actual state of Health, & therefore I need not speak of it further than to say that with great apprehensions of the result, I am still in hopes that Organic Lesion may not have taken place in the Lungs, & that the return of mild & warm weather which will admit of a change to Hastings or elsewhere, will be effectual in restoring Him to Health; it will do more for him than Medicine. I am grieved I cannot pay him the attention I wish as I cannot often get up to Town– I am glad to find the Insect has proved of interest; I wish I could afford any thing like a satisfactory account of its Local History, but I never could ascertain more than that it was found by a Native on a Resinous Shrubby Plant in the Island of Chiloe, which is only separated by a very narrow channel from the Main Land of Valdivia. The period of the year when found I could not learn but it was brought to me in Jan. y the middle of the summer there, & must have been recently found when I received it– I still consider that I have to send you Specimens of any interesting Minerals I may have, but as you may suppose I have had no time of late to look them over– I remain |my Dear Sir |yours very faithfully |Geo: Grant", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[170, 180, "ORG"], [254, 269, "ORG"], [277, 285, "GPE"], [500, 503, "CARDINAL"], [544, 552, "PRODUCT"], [684, 690, "PERSON"], [724, 739, "ORG"], [953, 965, "DATE"], [1200, 1209, "ORG"], [1460, 1468, "ORG"], [1675, 1681, "ORG"], [1773, 1786, "ORG"], [1887, 1907, "LOC"], [1963, 1988, "ORG"], [1990, 2012, "DATE"], [2077, 2101, "DATE"], [2202, 2211, "PERSON"], [2366, 2370, "CARDINAL"]]}
+{"id": 3019, "text": "It was unlucky and ill-advised of me not to tell you of my sudden departure from Ipswich, but as I hoped to meet you on the 19 th in London & my letter was on the 17 th, I did not imagine you would write to Ipswich. I ought to have imagined. We decided at the Council exactly nothing. So strong a feeling however prevailed for going to Ipswich in 1850, that I felt it right to say to my Ipswich friends, they ought to persevere in this request for that year. What will come of it is to be seen. The invitations from Edinburgh were more serious than we thought, but is very doubtful if they will be prosecuted. In this case Ipswich wins for 1850, but not for 1851. Then Belfast & Edinb. must divide the votes. Some other arrangement may indeed be proposed but I think my Ipswich friends will have the best chance by now of urging for 1850. We shall ask you to be Pres. of II at Birmingham. You may do good by an Introductory address to your Section. Ever yours truly | J. Phillips P.S. St Mary’s Lodge York is my constant address; but letters will follow my wanderings from Nottingham P.O. (York best address.)", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[81, 88, "GPE"], [124, 129, "QUANTITY"], [133, 144, "ORG"], [163, 165, "CARDINAL"], [207, 214, "GPE"], [260, 267, "ORG"], [336, 343, "GPE"], [347, 351, "DATE"], [387, 394, "NORP"], [448, 457, "DATE"], [516, 525, "GPE"], [623, 630, "ORG"], [640, 644, "DATE"], [658, 662, "DATE"], [669, 684, "ORG"], [833, 837, "DATE"], [862, 866, "PERSON"], [871, 873, "GPE"], [877, 887, "GPE"], [995, 1005, "GPE"], [1073, 1088, "GPE"]]}
+{"id": 3020, "text": "Many thanks for your communication, we get on well I think on the whole; I send you a list of additional names - I am playing off my battery of letters who have county influence & I trust with success. I send some more circulars & have only just time to save the post. My dear Sir yours sincerely Palmerston", "meta": {}, "annotation_approver": null, "labels": [[297, 307, "ORG"]]}
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+This set of letters from the [Henslow Correspondence Project](https://epsilon.ac.uk/search?sort=date;f1-collection=John%20Henslow) is pinned at the following git commit:
+
+```
+commit 26543a685cca0265bcb6d181495a4623bb91fc45
+Date: Thu Nov 5 18:10:30 2020 +0000
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+```
+The git repo itself is not public, so a direct link cannot be provided at this time.
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+
+
+
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I return your fossils. I hope they will come safely. Be so good as to make my best remembrances to Prof. Sedgwick and do me the favour to return the Amm. Sedgwickii with many thanks. I suppose you attended Prof. Clark’s lecture on Satr y or know that I lent him some Mot. c Iron to show his pupils. I beg to trouble with the enclosed letter for him or rather small parcell, and also for Prof. Sedgwick – any help in either of my catalogues or regarding fossils &c &c will be thankfully rec. d by dear Sir.
Yours very faithfully | J. Sowerby
+ + + +Isle of Man
+ +Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have laid before the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty’s Treasury your letter of the 6. th Instant, requesting payment of the salary due to you as Professor of Mineralogy to the University of Cambridge; and I am commended to acquaint you that it is requisite you should transmit to their Lordships a Certificate of your having delivered the Course of Lectures alluded to by you, on receipt of which my Lords will direct the Payment of the Salary attached to your office.
I am Sir | Your obedient servant | Geo. Harrison
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+You will see by the date of the preceding page, how long I have been waiting for an opportunity to send this Prospectus. I must therefore beg the favour that you will as speedily as possible get it into print for me at Cambridge defraying the expences (I hope they will not be much) out of the Cam. Phil. Soc. money. It will print in small type well I sh d think on one 8. vo leaf w. ch will be far better than two. You will I am sure take the trouble to see that no mistakes are made: mind particularly or they will put an i into Maderensis. The number of copies I must leave entirely to y. r discretion. I sh. d wish about 20 or 30 to go to D r. Hooker; as many to Sowerby, & 10 or a dozen to Miller of Bristol. I w. d not have one sent to private friends, or put in private circulation. You will be the best judge for me in what periodicals to insert it, remembering how much I must study economy. The Quarterly I am afraid is very expensive or I sh. d like it much to have one. The Zoological, Brewster’s Journal & the Botanical are essential. But perhaps D. r Hooker will be the best person to speak to about the two last. Put one or two for me if you please in the Philos. Soc. Reading room. All I wish to wish to avoid is puffing, & private puffing most of all.―
The first vessel direct to England will take a large box of birds directed to you for the Philos. Soc. from me. They are all I have been able to get together (you know I am no Ornithologist), but may be useful as authentic spec. ns I regret they have been set up, w.ch will make them very awkward to pack & liable to injury on the voyage; but shall be wiser another time. They will possibly arrive in England the beginning of Jan y., & as I know no better plan than directing them to the care of your brother, w. d it not be as well to tell him when to be looking out for them, that there may be no delay in the Docks.
Besides spending near 2 months in the North of the island, I have made the complete tour of it this Autumn, & added greatly to my stores. This yr. remittance gave me the means to do; so that no time was lost in making what has really proved a good use of it. When you can ascertain what it may be necessary to deduct for printing this affair &c I wish you would pay the remainder a bill of 25£12 s. I owe to Redfarn the Tailor. If you have not enough left for the whole, pay him part. This will save some trouble in remitting &c― When Spring comes, I shall begin again, & take make out my remaining 30£s worth in excursions, jars for Fish &c. At the top of the box of Birds you will find a fine spec. n of Gorgonia verrucosa, with 2 or 3 Auriculae attached. Do with it what you please. It is quite at y. r service If you It w. d be desirable to send a few of the Prospectus to the Continent. Possibly you can do so without much trouble though some of y. r correspondents. I think I shall get Sowerby to send one to Ferussac.
I hope you have rec d. a parcel of Plants &c. I sent you in July last by the Comet, directed to the care of y r. brother.―
Kind regards to all, particularly to L. Jenyns to whom I wrote some time since. | Y rs. sincerely | R. T. Lowe
Nov r. 30 th
+
The Packet has just arrived & brought me a letter from L. Jenyns but no account from you of the Plants, Jar of fruit of Cycas &c. I hope they are not lost. I have not yet been able to get you a SS n. of Palm or Dragon tree.―
Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have heard from Sir H. & have suggested Wednesdays & Fridays for 2 weeks in - 4 lectures on June 6,8: 13,15: I could then run up to Kew on the Tuesdays & have that day & Thursdays for selecting specimens & illustrations. His letter is dated 25th, but it only came to hand this morning. He tells me you & Lindley are elected Examiners. I held a sub-committee at the Ray on Wednesday to discuss the projected programme for the Botany- & we settled it pretty much as we had predetermined, only shortening a little some of the details - our visiting seems to have set in. I dine today with the Club [illeg] "family", & then go with Le Mott to Trinity Lodge. Tomorrow we dine with Master of St. Johns, Tuesday with Prof. Brown, Wednesday with Prof. Selwyn. No more quiet evenings I suspect. We drank tea yesterday with the Barnards & found Annie all right again after a day's uncomfortablenous. You quite forgot the "Special small papers". What shall I say to Lady Afflick ? I recommended that these really interesting speculations on Phylotaxis, Bee-cells etc. should be collected & published in the form of a miscellany - & I think Whewell will do this. I am sadly grieved to see the death of Lady C. Kerrison. This is a serious loss to the Neighbourhood of Eye, & I am pained for my little protogee at the School there. I know no Lady, among the few I do know, of her position so amiable & painstaking for good. Lyell writes me that Murchison & Prestwich consider the gravel at the higher & lower levels at Amiens to be contemporaneous. This would quite agree with the suggestion I have thrown out in regard to the deposits at Stowmarket - but the explanation requires something of a debacle to which Lyell objects.
Love to all round you
+affectly yrs
+J. S. Henslow
+ + + + + + + + + + + +Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+On returning the Ed.R. to Sedgwick I write thus- "You have so pencilled it that I have ventured to direct your attention (in a soft pencil easily rubbed out) to a few passages which seem to justify an opinion held by the leading Naturalists of London respecting the Author, vis. that he has a theory of his own to be matured, & is vexed at having been somewhat forstalled. Whether such an idea be right or wrong I can't say, but there are sentences which look wonderfully like private pique, & some that are certainly irrelevant, & unnecessarily sneering: seeing how far the Author really does agree with the idea of succession by modification (in some way or other) of successive generations. Tho' I don't believe C.D. has solved the problem, it is very clear that O. is looking forward to its solution, & apparently that he is to be the solver. If it be in the power of Man to solve it I hope he will, but in the mean time I think he need not be quite so supercilious upon an honest, hardworking, & painstaking fellow labourer. I am told this article has lowered O's reputation for fairness in the eyes of some eminent Naturalists who studiously avoid, as much as they can, mixing themselves up with the "Odium scientificum" if such an expression be allowable".
I appended the following notice to the scribble board, & read it out & hung it up.
+"Gentlemen are requested not to scrawl or scribble on the dissecting boards. An unlimited supply of "Foolscap" is at the service of any one who is obliged to have recource to these expedients for keeping awake: or, perhaps, the backs of the schedules may answer the purpose."
L.M.H. has heard from illeg F. this morning
Ever Yrs affects
+J. S. Henslow
+ + + + + + + + +Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+It seems to be settled that I lecture at B. Palace on June 13.15. &20.22. My class here has expanded & about 60 men are leaving cards for Pass & the room is full. I began a week too soon. Sedgwick did not say much when I saw him. He said he knew O. was ill tempered - but did not seem to be fully satisfied that he cd be the author of the review in the Edinburgh. When I explained what was thought of his reasons for attacking D as he has, he said he was sorry for it. He seemed staggered & not willing to say much. On Monday he is to give an anti-Darwinian Exposé at the Phil. Soc. I think he will perhaps be moderated in regard to expressions of a personal nature. I have been sticking up for Darwin (not his theory) in all directions - people get such absurd opinions of him into their heads. I fancy Sedgwick will pound Powell more than Darwin. He has just been reading his Essay (which I have not yet seen) & tells me P. quotes Darwin to the extent of having demonstrated the self existent or self creative origin of Man. Perhaps I don't quite quote what he said rightly - but I suppose I shall hear it all on Monday. I shall say something about D's & O's respective hypothesis before I get thro' my lectures - & endeavour to satisfy my Class that C.D. is not a man to be slighted or snubbed - but to be calmly answered by those who differ from him. The Bury Post acknowledged its error, in having mistaken Lady C.K. for her Mother-in-Law. I am rejoiced it was a blunder. I have sent the order for the blocks to Baker. I suppose a great chest arrived is from you - but I have not yet opened it. Is the Bamboo likely to come whilst I am here. I sd like to show in my Grass lecture. Love to F &
believe me affecly
+J. S. Henslow
+ + + + + + + +Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I don't know whether you care to hear Phillips, who delivers the Rede Lecture in the Senate House next Tuesday at 2 PM. It is understood that he means to attack the Darwinian hypothesis of natural selection. Sedgwick's address last Monday was temperate enough for his usual mode of attack but strong enough to cast a slur upon all who substitute hypotheses for strict induction, & as he expressed himself in regard to some of C.Ds suggestions as revolting to his own sense of wrong & right & as Dr Clark who followed him, spoke so unnecessarily severely against Darwin's views; I got up, as Sedgwick has alluded to me, & stuck up for Darwin as well as I could, refusing to allow that he was guided by any but truthful motives, & declaring that he himself believed he was exhalting & not debasing our views of a Creator, in attributing to him a power of imposing laws on the Organic World by which to do his work, as effectualy as his laws imposed upon the inorganic had done it in the mineral kingdom. I believe I succeeded in diminishing if not entirely removing the chances of Darwin's being prejudged by many who take their cue in such cases according to views of those they suppose may know something of the matter. Yesterday at my lectures I alluded to the subject, & showed how frequently naturalists were at fault in regarding as species forms which had (in some cases) been shown to be varieties, & how legitimately Darwin had deduced his inferences from positive experiment. Indeed I had, on Monday, replied to a sneer (I don't mean from Sedgwick) at his pigeon results, by declaring that the case necessitated an appeal to such domestic experiments & this was the legitimate & best way of proceeding for the detection of those laws which we are endeavouring to discover. I do not disguise my own opinion that Darwin has pressed his hypotheses too far - but at the same time I assert my belief that his Book is (as Owen described it to me) the "Book of the Day". I suspect the passages I marked in the Edinburgh Review for the illumination of Sedgwick have produced an impression upon him to a certain extent. When I had had my say, Sedgwick got up to explain, in a very few words, his good opinion of Darwin, but that he wished it to be understood that his chief attacks were directed aginst Powell's late Essay, from which he quoted passages as "from an Oxford Divine" that would astound Cambridge men as no doubt they do. He showed how greedily, (if I may so speak) Powell has accepted all Darwin had suggested, & applied these suggestions (as if the whole were already proved) to his own views. I think I have given you a fair , tho' very hasty, view of what happened & as I have just had a letter form Darwin, & really have not a minute to spare for a reply this morning perhaps you will send this to him, as he may like to know, to some extent, what happened. As he also wishes to know of all criticisms, pro & con, he will find an adverse view in the last No (just received) of the Dublin Magazine of Natural History. Of course he knows of the reply to Owen in a late Saturday Magazine & also the articles in the Spectator.
Let me know as soon as you conveniently can whether my ideas of the Palace Lectures met yours. Every lecturer must, of course, be guided to a considerable extent by his own. But there may lie something or other which he has neglected, or is not aware of, that would induce him to modify his plans - I have only a fortnight more here, & have to select such materials as I think maybe useful from the Museum here & pack them up so I have not much time to spare. A few words will be enough to set me thinking & if these Lectures are to come off I should wish to make them as instructive or suggestive (as well as agreeable ) as 4 lectures may admit, & my opportunities allow. I must now have 100 auditors here the room is so full; & above 50 seem likely to try for a Pass this year. We have had 3 meetings within the week to arrange our new schemes for Triposes - & so far all is working well. Grace Hawthorn is here for +/- 24 hours. Leonard has been for 2 or 3 nights. Love to F etc.
Ever affecly
+J. S. Henslow
+ + + + + + + +Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Makes arrangements for a visit to see potential archaeological sites in Derby area discussed by Belper in previous letter: potential Roman remains on the banks of the River Derwent opposite Little Chester; a barrow in Tugford that looks to be unopened. JSH states samian ware may be indicative of a Roman burial ground.
+JSH also discusses son's curacy at Hitcham, local responsibilities including horticultural shows and recent ill health.
+First I must congratulate you on your new Title, which I has seen notices in the papers, though I did not feel absolutely certain whether it was yourself or some relative who might be intended. Though time has indeed passed or rather flown since my former visit, I have too lively a recollection of the pleasure I then experienced not to rejoice in the prospect of a renewal if I can continue it. I am fully engaged up to the 21st Septr - but I think I might continue either in the week beginning with Monday 22nd or in that beginning with Monday 29th It so happens that after ten years during which I was never once absent from my parish I have had a little liberty - during the last 2 years from my eldest son having become my Curate. This enabled me last year to go to the Paris Exposition - & I have this year been away for a Sunday at the Cheltenham meeting - My son however has just accepted a curacy at a distance, in the laudable desire of improving himself by going a little more alone than stopping at home enables him to do - I think he is right, though I am very sorry to lose him, as we have got on harmoniously together. It so happens that his last Sunday here will be the 21st so that I am again tied to my Sundays & must arrange accordingly - I hope to have a new Curate in November; for although I can manage the clubs & parish singlehanded, it is rather more work as I get older than medical advisers consider proper. Two years ago a neuralgic attack was ascribed to overwork & I was advised to take an iron or two out of the fire - live better, recreate more & keep warm - all comfortable medicines, which properly attended to enable me to employ myself as actively as ever - This time of year is always a busy season - I have promised this week to assist in rigging out a Marquee Museum for Ld Henniker at his Horticultural Show - & the week after I have to prepare for my own, which comes off on the 17th. If then, you find it can be conveniently arranged for me to come to you during either of the weeks I have named - allowing time for getting back by Saturday - I shall be most happy to renew our acquaintance & assist in the proposed operations - I suspect the Samian ware is indicative of a Roman Burial ground. There are two at Colchester which extend over several (I believe) acres. The vases have been deposited in trenches, much after the fashion of those in Kingston, & possibly you have a rich harvest before you. When I hear again I may perhaps suggest a few tentative processes to be undertaken before I come. With best respect to Lady Belper
believe me
+very faithfully yours
+J. S. Henslow
+ + + + + + + +Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+JSH writes to decline an offer to accept the office of Steward at the anniversary dinner for the Literary Fund Society. Explains this is due to commitments lecturing at Cambridge and in the region of his Hitcham parish.
+It wll be entirely out of my power to accept the office of Steward at the Anniv.y dinner of the Literary Fund Soc.y on May 10 which the officers of the Soc.y , have so condescendently proposed to me. My time is almost always so fully occupied that I am unable to take part in proceedings of many Societies in London which it would be the greatest gratification to accept, but especially in the month of May, I shall be obliged to be in Cambridge daily lecturing. I would willingly join the Lit. Fund Socy - & may some day feel myself justified in so doing - But at present I am over-weighted with subscriptions, & am anxious for a while to concentrate whatever of time & money I have to share, upon certain schemes I have in hand in my own Parish and neighbourhood. Pray express my regrets to the officers of your Society, that I cannot, or rather must not, accept their proposal, and assure them of the sense I entertain of the condescension is one of respect & gratitude
Yrs very faithfully
+J. S. Henslow
+ + + + + + + +Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I trust I am ready to maintain my own opinion of the utter inexpediency of the movement against the Post Office & I care not at all about its being known. But I would not advise Lord Clanricarde to name me as an authority as he would be more likely to damage his cause than otherwise - for I have no weight as [illeg] - & my opinion would be spurned by the party who take so strict a view of Sunday as many & perhaps most of the clergy are now doing. This has been a growing conviction with many zealous men - though I see no grounds whatever for believing them to be right - rather i condider them to be utterly wrong. I was one of a minority in Cambridge who opposed the closing of a reading room on Sunday in our Philosophical Society, some years ago - & I am sure I found myself in the company of as really good Christians & right minded men as were any of those who were so clamorous for our not allowing any one to read a newspaper on a Sunday. It would be giving mortal offence to the prejudices of those who fanct the Jewish Sabbath to be of perpetual obligation that our Lords day is not under the control of the Church, if I were to confess my own convictions that our faithful predecessors in the Church of England acted wisely in sanctioning innocent recreation on Sunday - but I am nevertheless most thoroughly convinced in my own mind that we are become too puritanical & too formal in such matters. To open anything like a religious discussion of the questions in the House would perhaps be impudent (if I my venture to say so) - but I sould think there was enough of common sense among the majority (as there have hitherto been) to refuse to listen to such petitions which Mr W Wilson (whowever he may be) is endevouring to set up. However, so far as I am concerned, you are prefectly at liberty to state what my opinion is, and if Lord Clanricarde really thinks my name would not do him more harm than good he is quite at liberty to make use of it. I dare say I shall be called an Infidel - & an esteemed opponent of all true religion - but as my conscience is perfectly clear of any desire to oppose the truth if I am doing so I can only pray to have a better judgement allowed me.
+Very truly yours
+J. S. Henslow
+ +Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+JSH writes to decline invitation to anniversary dinner of the Royal Corporation of the Literary Fund. Explains this is due to commitments lecturing at Cambridge.
+I regret to say it is entirely out of my power to attend the Anniversary Dinner of the Royal Corporation of the Lit Fund, as I am here fully occupied for the next 3 weeks with my University lectures [text lost] ... an hour to spare
+Yrs faithfully
+J. S. Henslow
+ + +Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+It would give us much pleasure if you would dine with us today at 6 to meet a great friend of ours Mr Scott
+Yours very truly
+H Wedgwood
+ + +Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Pray accept my best thanks for your valuable additions to my garden which reached me in good time & in excellent condition―
+I am rather curious about the Single Roses:. Is R. Kamchatica of y r garden, which was sent R. acicularis of Lindley, pp 44-45. as in Donn's time? ― If you can assist me with any more Single Roses, I shall feel obliged - & indeed any thing good & curious, old or new which you do not observe in my Catalogue.
I have just taken up Ferns = you will see what I have, & therefore what I should be thankful for―
With this I have the pleasure to send you my Catalogue= which I should have done earlier, but it was not at home― I have not inserted y r late contributions― I shall be very happy to have it in my power to send you any thing you are in want of= Don't mind a long list, as it is not likely I could supply all you may require ― especially with new acquisitions― but what I cannot 'do' this season, I hope I may another―
Have you Alstroemeria Pelegrina:
+My Seda are all I believe true― your S. verticillatum seems to be my S. triphyllum of Havorth.
Believe me dear sir | Yrs very truly & obliged | H. T. Ellacombe
+You may be able to send something with the Catalogue when the weather will allow― In that case I'll thank you to direct as before viz
+ Coach Office. Bolt & Tun. Fleet S
+ t
+ London―
Is there a correct catalogue of the present contents of y r garden?
Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+No one knows so well as yourself how to manage the distribution of plumpers - & we are therefore most anxious that if possible you should come to Cambridge on Wednesday evening so as to meet Sir E. Ryan & myself & a subcommittee appropriate for that purpose.
+Yrs most truly
+John Shaw Lefevre
+ + +Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Your Exertions in the cause of agriculture & Philanthropy are deserving of praise & reflect great credit on your character. I thank you for your esteemed favor & its contents. It is my intention to devote some portion of my land to allotments, altho, as most of our Labourers live on the farm or premises, they have various advantages not normally given
+In a paper I have prepared for the Chronicle there is a perfect coincidence in our sentiments as to the demoralizing Effect of refusing money Employment to Labour, and still not allowing that Labour to Employ itself on small allotments
Such conduct is a procession to poverty, vice & crime
+I am one of those who believes all the Land in this Country can be easily made garden ground - by perfect drainage, deep cultivation & absence of weeds - at all events I shall try to illustrate it on my Tiptree Farm & if it can be done there profitably, it can be done anywhere
+
Mr Lawyer Cunnington considered our Crops a disgrace to the Heath, but as the first field as threshed (after potatoes) produced 5 qrs 1 Bushel pr acre of fine wheat, the Lawyers assertion has lost much of its prestige, altogether our Farm shews in this short time a wonderful Improvement. It has several acres of rape much higher than ones knee - & some fair swedes & very fine white carrots (9 acres)
When I add to my publication with a report of the Farm's appearance I will have the honor to transmit you a copy
+I apprehend you find amongst many farmers a disinclination to appreciate agricultural Improvement this raises the question "Is the present system of wet lands fences hinder weeds & shallow ploughing the unimprovable a correct one?"
I say decidedly not
+I shall always feel honoured by your correspondence & remain
+My dear Sir | Very respectfully yours | JJ Mechi
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+It is not so absolutely necessary to remove the ridge whilst the wax is warm. I find the marks of the knife are easily obliterated with the finger by the help of the turpentine which acts on the wax. It would be impossible to see any trace of the ridge on your models of the potatoes now. Turnips & carrots need not be modelled as they are not fruits & the potatoes were only wanted for a specific object. I will send your lists to Sir W. H. & ask if he can suggest anything. I can only think of the following at the moment among our succulent fruits.
Any of the last named that you think will not do well you need not care about & this year it is too late for some of them.
+Ever affectionately
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
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+I have brought sundry letters here, that I may answer when I really had no time for before leaving home. I am here for a couple of days to deliver a lecture on the "Diluvial Celts" or rather "Drift Celts" which have created so much surprise amongst Geologists & Archaeologists. You ask about any work that can give you a popular view of the question. I am not aware of any such. The best exposition of the facts, with duly cautious indications of the possible conclusions to which they seem to lead, is a paper by Mr Evans in the transactions of the Archaeological Society. He has sent me a copy which I can lend you, if you care to read it. The greater part is unscientifically intelligible but you would find some portions of which you cannot appreciate precisely the bearing. I believe it is not yet published & if it were, it would be in a fat volume of Transactions. The facts are beyond dispute that the works of man have been plentifully extracted from geological strata formed prior to the last catastrophe which gave the present configuration to the surface of the earth, in all the northern part of Europe. They must be of vast antiquity, but whether the works of a race prior to the received account of our being placed on the earth is a very different question from whether it will be necessary to extend the received chronology of our race. As yet I am by no means satisfied that it will be proved necessary to extend our chronology - but the facts are extraordinary, & very unexpected. Additional facts of the same class are daily turning up & these Drift Celts have now been found in at least 3 districts in Suffolk - in others in the valley of the Thames - & within a few days, at Herne Bay. I have myself no doubt that further reesearches will furnish materials for distinct inductions, & that geologists will soon be in a position to decide with certainty two or three points of deep intent.
1. Whether man was coeval with the large extinct Animals hereto supposed to have been removed from the Earth before our race was placed upon it.
+2. Whether the extinction of these animals took place within a far shorter period than has been supposed.
+3. The decision of these 2 points will tend to show whether our chronologies (as hitherto received are trustworthy or not.
+Darwin's speculations are far less likely to be proved (if provable (? which I do not consider likely) than these Drift Celt questions. I think he & some others assume far more than the facts warrant.
For my own part I regard the discovery of truth essential to the correct appreciation of the Creator's intentions in regard to the Revelation he has given us by his Inspired Prophets & Apostles. I am no disciple of the Reviews & Essays School - being firmly convinced of the doctrines of my own Church - & understanding them to have been deduced from the Spirit & not the mere letter of the Scriptures. There may be difficulties in the way of unity - Natural & Revealed Religion - but they will ultimately vanish, as truth dispels the myths.
Yrs very affy
+J. S. Henslow
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+I have not been able to answer your letter before, having been from Cambridge & it was only during my absence that Council of the Cam. Phil. Soc. have met to determine upon the papers for the next volume. As your paper appeared to them to contain an application only of a principle already discovered, to the explanation of a particular phenomenon, they do not consider it sufficiently original to form a part of the volume though they desire me to thank you for the communication as one of considerable ingenuity.
Allow me on my own part to thank you most sincerely for your offer of procuring some of the Devonshire plants for my Herbarium. I shall be very thankful for native specimens of any which are local, however common. Should Mr Banks wish for any of our Chalk county plants in this neighbourhood I shall be happy to dry them for him or any of yr friends who may be collectors. Give my remembrances to Saltan if you see him & believe me.
Dr Sir
+Yrs very truly
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
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+I must say that I consider the arrangement at which you have arrived very different from what I had supposed was the nature of our agreement. I had supposed that I was to have the general revision of all the Botanical articles translated by Mr Roney - & was to suggest any additions that might occur to me - but that I was to have no responsibility with the Alphabetical list beyond this. In short, from what you showed me you were doing little more than translating a French work which was publishing simultaneously in France. When I state that I could revise the articles in physiology - but recommended some additional help in the lower tribes of Cryptogamy I never intended to select Physiology & Cryptogamy as my portion - & leave Phanerogamy & Glossology to others. This would have been selecting the most difficult & rejecting the easy. I am at this moment halfway through a dictionary of Botanical terms which comes out soon in the Botanist, & this portion of your work would have cost me no trouble - whereas Physiology is so scattered through journals that I should have had to search for the articles which it might be right to add. I mention all this to show you how very different your arrangements have been from what I had supposed. I can only forsee fresh difficulties & perhaps unpleasantnesses in working this with others - with whom I should be perpetually jostling - & after all we should probably make this mere patchwork of it - so that I have thought it best at once to decline having anything to do with the work. Any misunderstanding that has arisen has most probably been my own fault, & I am very sorry for it but you will agree with me that it is better to pull up in time than to multiply difficulties. You have got Dr Wilkes for the Phanerog. & Glossoly - & you state that you could get assistance in the Physiology and Cryptogamy - so that I feel I am not leaving you unprovided in any department, & only deeply regret that I should have mistaken the nature of our engagements.
Very truly Yrs
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
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+On seeing Mr Ransome today I find I have been making a great blunder in your address. I wrote to you soon after my return home inclosing a letter to Deck (for your inspection) - about the Beaver's bones - and also stating that I had forwarded my London clay Turtle to the College of Surgeons & I wrote a few days ago saying I was to be in town on Monday week & mentioning when I would be able to call if it suited your engagements. My letters have been directed to Park Terrace for by some error I have had that address to your name in my pocket for some time past. I suppose you have not received either of my letters. If you will say so, I will rewrite the contents (on my return home tomorrow) from Hitcham Hadleigh Suffolk.
Yrs ever sincerely
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
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+Pressed for time at home, I have brought sundry letters with me that I may answer them before returning, & among them I have a memorandum to thank you for your pamphlet on the flora of Oxfordshire which I received a short time ago. Our Ipswich Club will I hope before long publish lists of all such objects in Nat. History as belong to the county of Suffolk - so far as we have hitherto observed them. The lists of the Animals will be very imperfect, but will serve as a beginning. That for the plants will be fuller. I will take care to send you a copy when it is out.
+Yrs truly
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
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+I sent a note to your rooms in Downing this morning to beg you to favor us with your company at dinner on Wednesday next at 6 o'clock. I have learnt since that you are at Bottisham where you will remain until Monday morning. I think it therefore best to send this to Bottisham to tell you that I have engaged two or three of our friends to meet you on Wednesday - lest anyone should intercept you on Monday before you seeing my note.
+Yrs very Truly
+Wm Clark
+Available under license only
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+I this morning, with great pleasure, received your letter of the 31st Oct. I cannot flatter myself that my correspondence can be in the smallest degree important to you, but it will certainly give me much pleasure to support it. I can scarcely persuade myself that you are so much behind in your botanical studies as you would have it believed, seeing you have taken the Bull so stoutly by the horns as to threaten publication already. I have never been bold enough, or active enough, for this, tho' I have been lecturing for ten years, - for a quarterly list of the new & rare plants which flower in the botanic Garden here, & which I describe in the Edin. new Philosophical journal, does not enable me to say I have not been totally negligent of appearing in print.
+There is not at this University anything deserving the name of a herbarium, but I am labouring hard to form one; I fear therefore I cannot be so great a contributor to yours as I would wish, but I shall certainly be able to spare you a few which I think you would like. Besides the University Herbarium, which I always consider myself bound to attend to in the first instance, I have also a herbarium of my own, which is however only in embryo. The arrangements I have made will I think enable me in a few years to accumulate duplicates, but at present I really have very few. August is about the only month in which I can leave Edin., but annually at this period I take a ramble in the highlands, & hereafter I shall not on these excursions forget that you have expressed a wish to have some Scotch plants. Will your zeal ever carry you among our Mountains. If so I wish you could contrive to encounter wind & rain & all kind of privations, in my company. I should pilot you with singular pleasure among scenes of such beauty, & great botanical interest. Almost without exception, I start for the north every 2d of August, the day after the close of my academical labours. I can answer for Grevelles readiness to assist you in those departments of practical botany to which he has paid particular attention.
Believe me that I feel obliged to Mr Ramsay for having caused me the pleasure of your correspondence, & accept of my assurances that I will derive great satisfaction from its continuance.
+I am with much regard yours very truly
+Robt Graham
Available under license only
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+Having long since received through M r. Baxter of the Physic Garden Oxford a very kind offer from you to supply me with specimens of Mespilus Cotoneaster which offer I appear to have treated with neglect, I looked today through my very poor set of duplicates for a few reasons for acknowledging the kindness, in a form which allows me to introduce myself to you without ceremony. There is little here in this packet excepting Cyperus longus, worthy your notice: the seeds are few indeed: but I have had no leisure to pursue botany during the past season― in the previous one I was still an Invalid― and being besides remiss in drying specimens, my stores are inconsiderable, & have been already much decreased. Yet I may hope to do more, & have the promise of opportunity: & requesting you to consider this, Fasciculus primus, and not, as the form generally runs "a specimen of the work," I beg of you to acquaint me fully of your desiderata, in species to be collected in this country, and to believe me willing to do my best in your service.
Should you ever be able to spare a duplicate of any Cambridge plants, of which I have no one individual, may I name Stratiotis aloides, Papaver Cambricum, Malaxis paludosa? I name the last because you have the happiness to be its new-discoverer, but not with any hope to become possessed of a specimen of so rare & local a plant. I am devotedly fond of Orchideæ, & have specimens of all but the very rarest.― Thus I turn an acknowledgment into a petition, & blush in doing so.
+Had I not heard of your kindness to all who love science I should have hesitated longer. But now I am emboldened by your own challenge to commence a welcome duty, and be valued by, my dear Sir, | yours respectfully & gratefully | Gerard E Smith
+Available under license only
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+I have yours of the 8th and beg to return our acknowledgements for the interest you have expressed & shown in our proposed undertaking. I was fully aware of the difficulty of making up such reports as we thought would have been proper even for the byegone year, but at the same time we thought that if you & Mr Jenyns could from your studies otherwise have gone into the subject that it would have been valuable to our coming nos. the time we could not well extend, but if we are spared to see another year & the magazine prospers we shall certainly apply for the summary of 1836, and perhaps as you see the progress of our work you will keep in mind that we shall be depending upon you.
+I am much obliged by your meeting Mr Berkely. May we depend for an immediate communication from him. Shall I be right in offering remuneration for his papers? I should not like to offend by doing so & I should not like to lose them by not doing so. I have taken the liberty to write a few lines to him without meeting this post & you will perhaps be so kind as to mention how I should act here. Our Estimates were made out at the rate £8 per sheet for orig. communications. Somewhat less for several where extract from the works come in, & for papers we know to be laborious we proposed £10. I merely state this that you may clearly understand us, at the same time a pound or two would be no object where we could depend on the worth of our contribution. You must also excuse my going into this for I am not so well aware how authors or contributors to Journals take these matters in England. On this side the Tweed the discussion till recently is attended with more shyness & I have once or twice nearly offended by making a money proposal.
I am obliged by your mentioning Dr Hooker but from his connection with the Companion to the Botanical Magazine he cannot in fairness to Mr Curtis give us the use of material which comes into it - otherwise he is most friendly & if anything should happen to the Companion which has now proceeded to six or seven numbers I believe we should receive all his botanical assistance, his Zool. correspondence & assistance he has promised.
We shall now trust to you for the prac. Zool. & Bot. of the Phil. Soc. and will still also hope that we may be favoured with some other communication ere very long.
With my best wishes believe me truly yours
+Wm Jardine
+If I can be of any use in the north in a Zool. or Bot. way to yourself or friends I shall be happy to do my endeavour. Do not give yourself trouble by replying to me immediately, act for us as far as you can & in three weeks I may perhaps expect again to hear from you. At the same time if your business allows I shall always with pleasure receive your letters. Mr Berkely will perhaps write a few lines.
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+So many good news contain both your esteemed letters, the first of which is dated Febr. 28, the second July 13, that indeed I feel at a loss how to proceed in congratulating you. Believe me that I read with very great pleasure the news of your having taken a husband & order in church, as well as those communicated by Prof Whewell of your lady's having presented you with a healthy & handsome child. I hope I shall see young Mr Henslow one day on his tour on the continent. Your appointment as Prof. of Botany & the reorganisation and removal of the botanical garden have given me likewise very great satisfaction, and I wish from all my heart, you may always find that happiness in your family, and in nursing and conversing with Flora's children, which most of their friends enjoy.
+I feel very much obliged for your having been so kind to introduce to me Prof. Whewell, with whom I spent some very agreeable hours, & who was kind enough to forward this letter together with the packet of dried plants. - The second collection of Brittish plants, which you favoured me with by Mr Jacob, contained a great deal of very interesting plants. I tell you my best thanks, and would be very much obliged to you, if you could procure me some duplicates of those, which I shall mention at the end of this letter.
+Practice & medical employment in general prevent me from studying much botany,however I try to find out now and then some minutes to dedicate to it. Adding to this that I have been married about three months ago, you will excuse my not having made up for you a richer collection than you will you find in the joint packet. I added some cryptogamics which perhaps will not be disagreeable to you. - I inclosed two catalogues of dried plants, which are to be sold, & which my friends DDr. Preppig & Sadler asked me to communicate to my Correspondents. The price of the small American plants (200 specm) is £3.8.., of the small hungarian taken at Leipzig £1.10. the specimens of both are very fine, and the tickets of the american ones printed as you may see in the catalogue. If you or any of your botanical friends should be desirous of them I should find great pleasure to procure you some.
+I am Sir
+very truly
+Yours
+Dr Justus Radius
+ +2nd column
+['X' pencil, note by Henslow] to those sent since this time
+ +Available under license only
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+The packet of plants and the letter which you kindly forwarded to me the 22d Novbr. 1827 came not to my hands till the 10th of Octbr. 1828. You have received in the meantime my letter by Prof Friedlaender who has, I am glad to hear found you in good health. I am very much obliged to you for the friendly reception you gave to the professor, and also for the rich collection of plants, many of which were very agreeable to me. By this I send you some plants, the most of which have been collected in Saxony according to the joined tickets. Colditz is a small town 4 1/2 german miles from Leipzig, the native place of my husband & situated close to the Mulde-river in one of the most beautiful parts of Saxony. Schmoelen which likewise occurs frequently on the tickets is a country seat belonging to a friend of mine, also situated at the Mulde but 3 miles lower down towards its disemboguing into the Elbe.
Besides these plants you received 50 from Hungaria, all that at present were at my disposition, at the price of 9 sh. as soon as I get the others, I shall take care to sent these to you. - Then 136 North-American plants, the only ones that are left, at £2.6d & 65 from Cuba at £1.9sh summa £3 sh.18 6d, which I ask you to pay to my cousin Mr. Anthony Daehne (adr. Messrs Lovegrove & Leather, No.2 Turnwheel Lane, Cannon Str. London), requesting him, to forward them to me at a proper opportunity.
+Should you be desirous of purchasing exotic plants I sometimes would be able to procure you them, because there offers itself now & then an opportunity to buy collections of this kind, usually at the price of £1 sh.16 to £2 for hundred specimens; European plants (Swiss, France, Russian etc) are cheaper. A gardener of one of our richest botanical establishments lately offered to me two collections of dried cultivated plants, the one consisting of 1020-30 specimens at the price of 8sh. for each hundred; the other of about 800 spec. Should you be disposed to buy one of these collections, I ask you to let me soon know it.
As to my going to the West-Indies I cannot guess, what may have given rise to such a mistake, since it never came into my mind to do so.
+Have the kindness to present my best compliments and thanks to Prof. Whewel for his kind remembering me and for the books he sent me by Prof Friedlaender. I communicated his paper on the density of the earth to Prof Drobisch who, I believe, first wrote on this subject theoretically & who gave a report of Prof Whewels and his companions experiments in our Society for natural history; we we were wondering at the perseverance & pain these gentlemen took for the improvement of science.
+I am very much rejoiced by the information of your having had a very good audience, when you gace your first course of lectures, and I think it will be so the more and more in futurity.
+Believe me Sir
+Most sincerely yours
+Justus Radius
+ +List of plants of which I would be obliged to have duplicates
+ +2nd column
+Available under license only
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+It is indeed a very long time, that I owe an answer to your last very obliging & friendly letter; but I hope you will pardon me, when I promise not to do so in futurity.
+The bearer of this is Professor Friedländer of Halle, who intends to make some months's stay in England. If he has time enough to dispose of, he will visit Cambridge. Should you have any opportunity of directing him to subjects which may be worth his attention, you will add one obligation more to the many ones which bind me to you.
+The plants you sent me with your last letter have very much pleased me and I have put aside some other specimens for you which I shall send you together with some additional ones and the second specimen of my paper on the Pyrola at the end of the summer.
+It gave me great joy, to hear of your marriage by a Cambridge gentleman who favoured me with his visit for some minutes, but whose name I have lost. I should be very glad once to see you and your fair partner at Leipzig, and I hope it would not be quite exempt of every interest to visit the continent for some months. In the mean time I request you to present my most respectful compliments to Mrs Henslow and to Professor Whewell.
+Believe me
+Sir
+Yours very sincerely
+J. Radius
+PS. Any letters or paquets which you intend to send to me, direct to Mr Baillière, bookseller, 3 Bedford str, Bedford Square, London.
+Available under license only
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+I am giving you trouble by making you pay postage because I hardly know in what other way to send my answer to the polite invitation for the 27th of the Master & Fellows of St John's. Pray do this for me & express my regret that I am unable to accept the invitation stating if you please the cause formerly mentioned. Many thanks for your kind offer to assist any friend not acquainted in Cambridge. Professor Agardh of Lund who is here & intends being present at the Meeting is a friend whom I am very desirous of recommending to you though I am sure he requires no introduction from me. He does not start till Monday & I believe leaves town with Burchell.
+Believe me
+My Dear Sir
+very truly yours
+R. Brown
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I received your letter of the 6th this morning & beg leave to return my thanks with those of Sedgwick & Whewell for the Nos. of the Lit. Gazette which accompd. it. Whewell has asked me to point out to you an erratum at p.424 Col.1. line 25 where altitude is printed for altitudes. We feel gratified at the kind manner in which the exertions of the resident members of the University have been noticed by you. In copying the Cambridge Chronicle for Sedgwicks remarks on Dr Dalton, the real point has unluckily been altogether omitted, & it may be as well perhaps if you were to give it in a future number of your Gazette. I will send it to you when I can get a copy of it from the press - for we have been very diligently employed in revising the report prepared by our own reporter, & intend appending this to the list of lithographic signatures when these are completed. It has been such hard work for Sedgwick & myself I can assure you (with Whewell's occasional assistance) to reduce the materials before us with something like order. The reporter was not sufficiently up to the task of reporting such rapid speeches as were occasionally delivered & a sad hash he had made of them. But I think the account we shall at length present will be found substantially correct in all the main features. It will occupy about 30 quarto pages with an alphabetical list of the names, the lithography taking up 62 pages more! The expense will be so heavy that we must charge a trifle for the volume* - about 3/6 I think - & allow members only to purchase 3 copies each. Your intended present of the Polar plants will be highly valuable to our Botanical Museum - for I have scarcely any of those that were collected, & little hopes of procuring any. In a public Museum they will be preserved when other private collections shall have perished, as I fear many formed of these highly interesting specimens have done already.
+Believe me
+Yrs very faithfully
+J. S. Henslow
+*N.B. We do not think it right to touch the funds of the Socy. to the amount of 300 £ in this matter by distributing the copies gratis - especially as they are likely to be so well employed in assisting the experiments proposed by the sections.
+Available under license only
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+I have as you directed lodged £167 at Smith & cos viz £150 for the mss & £17 for the Cuts.
+I assure you I most cordially concur with the general sentiments of approbation which have been expressed towards your treatise. But perhaps such a manifestation was less unexpected on my part. When I placed in your hands this work I knew very well that you would do it satisfactorily.
+If there be any other part of the Cyclopedia which you could undertake consistently with your engagements it will give me great pleasure to entrust it to you.
+Believe me Dear Sir
+every yours truly
+Dion. Lardner
+ +Available under license only
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+You will I have no doubt be very sorry to learn that Mr Webster is in a state of great pecuniary difficulty from very indifferent health. I write these lines at home, with the intention of adding to them in London tomorrow, and I wish much to have your opinion & assistance as to the best mode of doing something for Webster, - if you think, as I do, that he has strong claims upon the kind, & just, feelings of the Geological Society.
My information upon the subject comes from Mr Darwin. It has been confirmed by what I learned yesterday in London & I now keep this letter open for the purpose of adding what I learn tomorrow when I intend to make further enquiries upon this subject.
+It occurred-, at once, to some of us who talked over the matter on Wednesday evening, at the Geological Society, that a small pension if it can be obtained, - would be the best, - as it is obviously the most acceptable form of relief, to a man in W's strictures, and he is not without claims to the public notice, such grounds with which you are well acquainted. These of course cannot be compared to the claims of Smith - Dalton - &c - but with reverence to most of the names upon the (hitherto) pension-list - Webster would have great advantage:- And it will be very easy, - if the Cambridge members of our society think well, to suggest & [text illegible] Mr Spring Rice, - to obtain a statement in memorial with very good signatures, from members of the Geological & Bryol. Societies, in W's favor
Pray think of this, & oblige me with a few lines:- I shall write at the same time to Sedgwick (though I fear he may be at Norwich) & to our President Mr Whewell.
+My dear sir very sincerely yours
+Wm. Henry Fitton
+P.S. [text illegible] Sedgwick I learn is at Norwich:- and I have sent my letter to that place. What I could learn today about W. confirms what I have mentioned above - & makes me imagine that he wants immediate help:- even if we should obtain a small pension. His lectures have failed of late:- & I believe he has no resources but drudgery for the booksellers. We shall have on Wednesday next, at our geological meeting, a good opportunity of collecting opinions, - & perhaps you would write to me before that day.
I am pleased to find that some [text illegible} I should grieve if he were to end his days in misery.
+ +Available under license only
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+When I was in Cornwall in Novr I gathered some specimens of Copper Ores for you & I left them with my son with an injunction that they should be so added to as to make up a series of what the mines generally produce & that they should be sent here. He has omitted to do this & the matter had escaped my memory & I am obliged to you for reminding me. I shall send your letter & desire that your wishes shall as far as possible be supplied.
+With respect to the products of the smelting processes, we must apply at Swansea & as my old friend Mr Vivian will be in town when parliament reassembles I will ask him to get what you ask for
+Yours very Truly
+John Taylor
+Available under license only
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+My friend Mr Burcham Fellow of Trinity is Candidate for the Office of Examiner about to be vacated by Mr Thirlwall. His testimonials will show his high qualifications as a Classic, & I can speak most decidedly to his being fitted in all other respects for the situation.
+Believe me
+very truly Yrs
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I regret I had not the pleasure of seeing you before your last departure from S t Albans. The more so, as I particularly wished your opinion upon 2 or 3 botanical questions, of some importance to my present studies. One of these, however, more important than the others, I shall now trouble you with. Botanists, I believe, generally admit the three great divisions of the Vegetable world to be natural; namely Dicotyledones, Monocotyledones, and Acotyledones. It appears, however, that other Botanists, among whom M srs Fries and Agardh stand conspicuous, conceive that the last named division, is much too comprehensive, and have therefore divided the Acotyledones, into three Classes, or groups, of equal value with the Dicotyledones & Monocotyledones, naming them―Protophyta, Hysterophyta and Pseudo-cotyledonea. How far have these preceding latter divisions of the Vegetable Kingdom been adopted? and where are the reasons, for or against their admission to be found? Next, I would enquire, are there real certain groupes or genera, or species, among the Acotyledones, which, in their nature, partake so much of those characters belonging to Pseudo-cotyledones, and to the Hysterophyta, or Fungi, that some doubts may be reasonably entertained under which they should be arranged? or at least, that their immediate affinities, to one or the other, are real, at first sight, unquestionably apparent? If so; what genera are the [over
+ genera] names of these genera or species.
I shall feel particularly obliged by as many details, as your time or inclination will allow you to give me upon this interesting subject and if you have no objection I should wish to mention your name as the source of my authority as these questions relate to an earlier portion of my Introduction to the second Volume of the "Northern Zoology," I shall be most thankful to receive your communication at your earliest convenience.
+In referencing the foregoing queries I think it better, perhaps, to put the principal question in aother shape. Is there not a greater apparent affinity between the Pseudocotyledones and the Hysterophyta. than there is between either the first and the Dicotyledones? or between the Hysterophyta and the Monocotyledones?
+I send you the Prospectus of a Botanical work for which I entreat the patronage of your circle of friends at Cambridge, on behalf of the fair painter of Lilies. I can safely say that if it is published the excellence of the Plates will exceed any that either England or France have produced. I have no other than a friendly interest in its success and therefore beg for Subscriptions without any shame.
+I have thought the first volume of my Illustrations might go in the Packet and be a subject of interest at your next Scientific Party. It is a select copy, and should any one desire the purchase you could bring me the proceeds when next you visit S t Albans.
I had the pleasure of seeing your brother in law Mr Jenyns about 10 days ago but very much regretted his visit was but for a few minutes. The Season has now made me a Greenhouse Plant and a visit to St. Albans assumes all the hardships of a journey to the polar regions.
+Believe me my d r Sir | Very faith ly yours | W. Swainson
[P.S.] You will perceive I have completely baffled the expectations of Public Libraries as to free copies of the “Lilies”. They may claim the letter press but have no right to a mere collection of Plates.
[in pencil] Would it be drawing too much upon your good nature to request you to place some of the Prospecti with your Cambridge Bookseller?
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+As the Senate have thought proper not to insert in their minutes my answer to their letter of the 17th of February, I beg leave to send you the enclosed copy, in order that you may exactly know the reason of my retirement. I consider that, independently of the grave error they have committed in their disparagement of Physiology Comparative Anatomy, thereby greatly injuring the character of our medical degrees in public estimation, the Senate have made this important change without due consideration, & with very improper precipitancy. The resolution by which these studies are so greatly depreciated was passed on the 16th of February, in a very thin meeting, without previous notice, quite suddenly, & were acted upon instanter, without allowing any time for remonstrance on the part of those members who disapprove of the change, & who, I believe, would if collected, constitute a large majority.
They had not even the plea, that, (viewing the payment of the examiners as the wages of journeymen, & paying no regard to the kind of intellectual labour demanded), the time required of the Examiner in Physiology & Comparative Anatomy in the execution of his duties was less than that of the Examiners in Anatomy, in Surgery, or in Medicine, for, in point of fact it is certainly not less than any one of these.
I am, Dear Sir,
+yours very truly
+P. M. Roget
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Je viens de mettre dans un paquet adressé La Societé royale de Londres un exemplair pour vous d'un memoire que je viens de publier sur une plante fossile qui je l'espere aura de l'interet pour vous. il a pour objet l'etude anatomique d'une petite tigè au plutot d'un rameau de Sigillaria elegans silicifeé trouvé aux environs d'Autun avec les nombreuse [text illegible], et bois de diverses Coniferes que cette interessante renferme.
Les fossiles à structure interne confermeé trouvié en Angleterre cet que le Lepidodendron Harcourtii en le Stigmaria facoides m'ont fourni. Des moyens de comparaison bien utiles et je vends grace à la generosite de M. Hutton qui me les a procuré. J'espere que vous voudres bien aussi que les continuer, comme vous me l'avez fait esperer, à me tenir au courant des decouvertes qui se permit en Angleterre soit en une communiquent des echantillons lorsque vous eu aurez donc vous pourrez disposer soit en me faisant part de vous travaux et observations sur ce sujet lors de leur publication.
+Vous m'aviez annoncé la continuation de la fossil flora mais je ne crois pas qu'il en dit rien parmi; je desire bien dans l'interet de la science que cette publication reprenne; les matieriaux ne doivent pas vous manquer et je ne doute pas que vous ne nous en donniez une etude plu complete dont le rapport botanique que ne [text illegible] quelquefois les articles du fossil flora, ou voyait souvent que M. Lindley n'avait pas en la loisir d'examiner - sous tous les rapports les echantillons qu'il publiait. Je crois aussi qu'il y a un grave inconvenience à publier d'aprè des dessins communiqués sans avoir vous les echantillons eux [text illegible]; je l'ai faire quelquefois d'avez le commencement de mes publications et je ni'en suis presque toujours repenté.
+Si on trouve dans vos terrains mouiller ou carboniferes de nouveaux exemples de tiges fossiles à structure conservée, je serais bien reconnaissant si vous pouviez m'en procurer soit quelque petite portion suffisante pour l'etude, soit des plaques mincez deja preparées, s'il n'en pas possible d'eu avoir un morceau plus etendre pour ces caracteres internes en microscopiques plus que pour tout autre chose l'autopsia est necessaire [text illegible] presque jamais etre remplacé par les meilleurs figures d'excellentes descriptions.
+Vous m'avez fait enquirer que vous pourriez me procurer les dernieres Livraisons du fossil flora que je n'ai pas rend quorique toutes les precidentes [text illegible] adressées de la part des auteurs je n'ai pas osé les reclamer de MMs Lindley et Hutton mais je ne doute pas qu'il n'y ait eu oubli dans l'expedition on porte de ces livraisons ce sont les No. 19 a 24. Si cela vous offrait quelque difficulté je tacherais de me les procurer diratement.
+Veuilliez Monsieur recevoir la nouvelle assurance de mes sentiments les plus distingués et les plus affectieux.
+votre tout devoué
+Ad Brongniart
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I regret you should have had any trouble respecting the parcel which you were so kind as to forward to me - it seems to have been intended to have been delivered by a friend of Dr Henry's who was to have visited Oxford - but who first forwarded to me by post what should have been his letter of introduction, & then, I know not why, sent the packet through you - I am sorry I did not meet you at Manchester. I have not been able to attend several of the Meetings - being now a family man I am less portable - but I look to these meetings whenever they are held within my reach chiefly as opportunity of meeting old acquaintance. I have heard some rumours that the cycle is to recommence with York & Cambridge. I hope it may be so - as in the present state of Oxford I fear it will require all the stimulus of example from the sister University to drive the spirit shown on the former occasion.
+Believe me
+Very many yours
+B. Powell
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I returned the Galapagos Island plants on Saturday, having kept them as long as I could: they are carefully done whether well or no. Those of Macrae's I separated both the Maldive group & Galapagos Isld ones, & returned them today to the Hort. Soc. Museum.
+I should have told you that I took the liberty of retaining those specimens that had duplicate attached to them amounting I think to some 30 or 40 of the whole having thought that I had permission to do so there do not appear to be any specimens to spare amongst them & pray do not break these upon any amount whatever as most of them are far too small as it is and I had to make some awful sacrifices in the examination, when the curious genera demanded it, though I was as saving as possible throughout, consistently with good determination.
I returned a bundle of Tropical ones at the same time, in general approximately named, there was nothing seen remarkable amongst them. The Fuegian Falkland Isld & Patagonian plants I retain, they will be nearly all named very soon & returned as soon as the Phanerogamic portion of my book is done, there are some excellent things amongst them: especially from S. Chile & the Chonos Archipelago, Chiloe
+The Niger flora is just begun & I am including in it all the plants of tropical Africa, on the best count, from Cape Blanco to Great Fish River, I suppose you do not know where I can get such to my specimens from that shady world? The Niger Expedition plants form the foundation & to them I add my own & Darwin's Cape de Verd things. Don's W. African, Forbes' key ambigua (E. writes only in notes, & a collection that E. Forbes had the goodness to offer me. In the Brit. Mus. I hope to have the use of C. Smith's Congo collections, Brass's Cape Coast ones & some of Afzelius. From France we have some of Brunner's Senegambia & Perrotets Senegal things & I have written for a set of Hendelot's, then with other odds and ends will form a Primitiva flora Af. occid. Trop.
Amongst Darwin's Galapagos things you will find nearly all Macrae's, from a fine set of my father's & one or two I added from the Hort. Soc. sets, as I wished the Cantab. collection to be as complete as possible. My father desires his very kind regards in which we all join.
+Ever with my great respect
+Most truly Yours
+Jos. D. Hooker
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I beg to enclose a specimen of wheat afflicted by a curious disease or at any rate in a curious manner; I send it to you having read the paper by you on the diseases of wheat in the Eng. Ag. Society's Journal. It was sent to me by a person who asks for information on the subject in the Agricl Gazette. And I know nothing about it, never having seen a specimen like it.
+I should feel greatly obliged by any information that you may be able to give about it.
+and I am Sir
+Yours most respectfully
+John C. Morton
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+At the last meeting of the British Association, a resolution was passed, calling for a Report to be prepared against the next meeting in 1852, "On the best means of selecting and arranging a series of typical objects illustrative of the three Kingdoms of nature, for Provincial Museums." I am anxious to receive communications from the Members of the Committee, and other Naturalists interested in such a project, that the preparation of this Report may not be delayed, if possible, beyond next March. Would you be so kind as to name to me such one or two objects as you consider it would be most easy to obtain, whether specimens, models, or engravings, as leading TYPES of any of the more important groups in natural history? As some sort of guide to the object in view, I enclose an account of a trifling attempt at commencing an "instructive series" (to the public) for Geology, in the Ipswich Museum, which has since been carried down to the bottom of the secondary rocks, so far as the very scanty materials at our disposal have admitted. An improvement on the original plan has been adopted, viz. of arranging the materials selected for illustration under three groups to each geological period. The first includes illustrations of the rocks and other minerals, the second of the Flora, (including specimens of Lignites &c.) and the third of the Fauna. By means of numerous wood-cuts, the prominent objects noticeable in each of the main divisions of animal and vegetable kingdoms are also exposed, and thus no important gaps are left in the sequence.
Believe me,
+Faithfully Yours,
+J. S. HENSLOW.
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+In preparing the 2 vol. of yr Collectanea for the Binder I find my nos do not contain any title page or preface & 4 vol. [text illegible] which (I presume) any [text illegible] to have been given with No. 9. Will you be so good as to supply the deficiency & either send it by post, or to number 44 Queen Sq. Bloomsbury where I can pick it up when in town the week after next. I enclose a duplicate plate which has been inserted in my Nos. as it may probably be of use.
+Yrs very truly
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I am much obliged by the inspection of the Norway Grous's Herbarium - which has amused myself & others to whom I have shown it. Some of the specimens were gone before it came into my possession. I know Price very well, & often correspond with him. As my friend Darwin (who also knows Price) is much interested by accounts of the various manners in which the seeds of plants are dispersed, when I next write to him, I will tell him of Price's method of ascertaining how much & what Grous can carry off in his prop. I once received some black barley which had been raised from grains taken from the crop of a Canada goose shot as it was flying from far north across the northern part of Canada.
+My kind regards to your sister & brothers when you see them & believe me
+very sincerely Yrs
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Sir W. Hooker remarks that he should like to see the model before deciding to purchase for his mus. but does not seem to like the idea of its not being of the full size, & only in the young state, & not a cast. All points which occurred to me also. That he mentions a fact which I think ought to be made known to you, & I cannot consider it a breach of confidence in giving you his own words - "I am sorry to see Baron Ludwig spoken of there, as having been employed by the Duke of Devonshire to collect for him in S. Africa. Baron L., whose portrait you may have seen in my study, is the Sir Joseph Banks of that region, though of humble origin. His fine garden he throws open to visitors as Kew is open: & those magnificent Cycadeae were sent unasked as a present to the Duke, doubtless hoping for a few plants in return for his own collection:- but the good Baron never received a Plant nor a thank! - & probably no fault of the Duke"
Excuse me, if I have taken too great a liberty in extracting this sentence - but it would be a pity if a copy of your programme should reach the Baron under the circumstances of the case, & I think you might feel annoyed if he were to reply to it.
+Believe me
+very truly Yrs
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I last week delivered the pamphlets at Ipswich as you requested giving the odd one to Mr Knights the curator of our museum, who expressed himself desirous of possessing it. I afterwards ascertained that J. C. Cobbold Esqr M.P. for the town at whose house I slept, is very much interested about the decimal coinage he said he had seen what had been written in the Journal from whence you have extracted your report in a separate form - but I think, notwithstanding, he would be very glad of a copy if you have an opportunity of sending him one. He has lodgings in London, but I forget where. No doubt that wd be easily ascertained.
+Kind regards to Mrs Yates & believe me
+very truly Yrs
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Beg leave to inform you, that a packet to your address, containing a selection of duplicates of dried specimens from the Company’s Museum, together with a letter from the chairman and a list will be delivered, if you will have the goodness to order a person to call for the it 61 Frith Str. Soho, any forenoon? between 11 and 1 o’clock.
It will afford me the highest gratification if the collection should prove worthy of your acceptance. It will afford give me an additional satisfaction to forward to you, hereafter, additional selections of duplicates.— A series of ferns will be sent to you from next month.
I request you will do me the favor to return to me, at your earliest convenience, a list of the numbers only, contained in the parcel.
+I have the honor to be, with great respect,
+Sir | your most obedient servant | C. Wallich
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I write merely to say to you that the amounts placed to my account at Mess. Payne & Smith, of ninety-four pounds 19/6 - was duly paid, and I beg of you to accept my sincerest thanks for your kind attentions.
+I have already written to the honobe Mr Granville, explanatory as yourself mentioned, but although many many months have elapsed, not a word has been received from him in reply.
+Believe me My Dear Sir
+Your ever truly obliged and
+Obt Sevt
+John J. Audubon
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Along with this, I send one hundred and thirty one American Bird Skins, which I beg of you to present in my name to the Philosophical Society of Cambridge. These skins have been taken at random from my numerous Collection at my Engravers Shop Mr Howell and the list which I also send you of them being drawn by one of his shopmen is of course incorrect, but as all the Species are already published in my Ornithological Biographies and represented in my illustrations of the Birds of America, a very little trouble to any of the Members will suffice I trust to identify the whole.
+With sincerest regard and esteem
+I remain as ever Your Friend & Servant
+John J. Audubon
+[Written on envelope]
+"I ought to have paid the carriage of the Ciasse but alas alas! The American Woodsman is poor"
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+You will herewith receive a case containing Bird Skins by order of J. J. Audubon & should you not be previously engaged with a Stuffer I have two young men on my establishment (from Paris) and shall feel obliged by the same having devoted myself to the attitudes feel convinced I could give you satisfaction.
+I am Sir
+Yours Truly
+Robt Howell
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+That I am a most careless & irregular correspondent is most certain - and I have no doubt there are many omissions that I am charged with towards you; for these however I must beg you forgiveness. A pause gives me the opportunity of thanking you on the part of myself & Bentham for the China plants - and of conveying that I will on Monday endeavour to find you a few that may interest you and despatch them [text illegible].
+I really wish you would look at my theory, for I cannot but think that however much chaff you may winnow out of it, a few pieces of corn will repay you for yr trouble. That some entire change in the present method of treating the mature relations of plants has known near impossible, especially to those who have to teach the science must I think be admitted; & the question is how that change can be but effected. If I might be allowed to express an opinion of my own persuasion I should that say that the Endogenae are the best order & that the [text illegible] parts of all are the Epigynous & Parietal Cohorts. To the Albuminous Polypetalous Cohort I am much attached.
+[Text illegible] Nexus; and yet I did not originate the application of the word in the sense I have used it. You will find it in Fries's writings employed to express the word "tendency" which is I know its classical application; & I meant the title to express the "tendencies of plants" not the "connections of plants". I wish you would tell me whether after this explanation you still think the name a bad one; for a Cambridge authority must be paramount in such matters. I should in that case certainly alter the title to Nexus in another edition.
I am working upon the 4th part of my Gen & Sp. book & have now to deal with the European Ophrydae, in which I find much to improve & reject. [text illegible] of species & identification of synonyms I feel disposed to consider the British Orchis [text illegible] distinct from that of the continent. Although specimens of the former that I have seen agree in having a labellum quite of the hairy line that passes down the axis in all the foreign O. tiph; its tissue is also most remarkably lax, & its surface is covered all over with little crystalline warts. [text illegible] spike is particularly thin & starved. I wish if you have any material, you would give me yr opinion upon this point.
+Could you oblige me with a specimen of Mr Laws Orchis plena & Goodyera macrophylla of the former. I have seen no certain specimen and of the latter I know nothing except after the the Figure. I am so anxious to have no [text illegible] that will ensure my accuracy in this troublesome Monograph, that I trust you will pardon the liberty I take in consulting you about such points, & in asking for specimens.
Pray believe me My Dear Sir
+Ever Yrs truly
+John Lindley
+The accompanying letter came to me the other day from De Candolle. I presume you have Mr Laws address. I append.
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I am delighted to think that you have finished the Review, and more obliged to you than I can express, for having done so. If you will send it to me, to the care of Messrs Longmans, I will have a copy of it taken, lest it should be lost, and then send the original to Mr Black, and ask him to take it, and deliver with his own hands (which he will do, being an old Schoolfellow, and particular friend of mine
+J. S. Henslow Esq.
+ +Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have just stumbled on the above. I know nothing of the work, or whether you care to look at it - but thinking you possibly may I send you the extract. I have been favoured with a Pamphlet (I presume from Mr W.W.) detailing the views of the Sabbath Restoration Society (or some such name) - but I see nothing in their argument to induce me to suppose that their view is correct. I am quite satisfied with the far more logical deductions of Paley - if I needed arguments of this sort on which to ground my belief, that the Church possesses authority (in the Church I include the State) sufficient to determine the manner in which the Lords day may be duly kept, without our supposing that we are infringing any of the stricter requirements issued for the guidance & instruction of God's people under the old dispensation and adapted to the casual understandings of [text illegible] man. If it be advisable that all postings should cease on a Sunday, I shall cheerfully abide by the determination of the Legislature - but I must confess that I had rather continue to receive my Athenaeum & Gardeners Chronicle on a Sunday for after a hard days work it is a relaxation to me to run my eye over them in the evening - & most certainly my conscience never accuses me of committing sin for so doing. I admire all arrangements that may facilitate & lighten Sunday postages - but their entire abolishment is in my mind a "Sabbath's days work" uncalled for by any necessity of the case.
Very truly Yrs
+J. S. Henslow
+[Extract attached from Kerslake's Catalogue, 3 Park Street, Bristol "896 WHITE's (Fras., Bishop of Ely) Treatise of the SABBATH DAY, a Defense of the Orthodoxall Doctrine of the Church of England against Sabbatarian Novelty, 1635, 4to, SCARCE, old vellum wrapper, 12s
+This book is against the sadder and stricter observance as maintained by the Puritans, and animadverts on their making it sinful to deliver a letter on a Sunday morning which had been too late on Saturday night, &c"]
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+If I bore you say so - but you have rather encouraged me to talk of Post Office arrangements in connection with Sunday - & I send you the enclosed rough sketch of an answer I am sending to my friend & neighbour who has just got up a petitition against you - & is very actively engaged in support of some of our religious societies - We entirely disagree on some questions, though (I trust) we are equally convinced in our own minds. Now it seems to me that all who are taking the same view of Christian's calling with myself are as much entitled to freedom of opinion as those who are taking a different view. These questions (as matters of conscience) should be left open - & the truth is more likely to prevail, than we if we are all to square our consciences by other men's measures. If I am wrong, I have no doubt I shall be brought to see the truth. But whilst I cannot perceive my error I shall take the liberty, (I could not refuse to others), of standing or falling to my own muster. Whatever the Legislature may determine upon respecting the observations of the Lords Day, I shall cheerfully submit to - however I may esteem it an infringement on our Christian privileges to have such straightness imposed upon us as may be satisfactory to the most Puritanical
+Very truly Yrs
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Thanks for the Tracts. They however contain nothing new to me. Their arguments are such as lie upon the very surface of the subject - & being built upon what I feel to be a false view of the Lords Day they are no doubt unanswerable to the minds of those who propound them. I am quite as desirous as yourself that the Lords Day should be kept in a way worthy of our Christian calling - but we necessarily differ as to what that way should be whilst I am believing & you are denying that the Church of God has entered into that rest which the Jewish Sabbath was merely intended to typify. If neither you or I are enjoying this rest to the full extent we might & ought to be, I hold it to be our want of faith, & nothing else that is preventing us. With these sentiments I fear to join you in any of these numerous Societies established for securing what seems to me bye-gone objects - or at least for securing them upon considerations incompatible with the present more advanced position of the church of God. All these efforts have in my mind an appearance of attempting to escape from higher obligation, & I am somewhat strengthened in this opinion by the abusive epithets in the pamphlets so freely lavished upon all who do not agree with the writers. My own view is to leave Post Office arrangements to Post office authorities, Navy arrangements to Navy authorities & urging all such to remember that their Brother Christians are entitled to sufficiency of repose for their bodies & due opportunities for the improvement of their minds. If the Post Office can manage without any labour on Sundays I shall not be sorry - & if our ships could sail on Sundays without helmsmen all the better for the sailors.
Ever most truly Yrs
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+If I am not taking too great a liberty might I beg for another specimen of your Yellow pink - in order to get a drawing made of it for a new periodical which is to appear next month & to wch. I have promised to be an occasional contributor. I have shewn the other specimens to several botanists who are all unacquainted with it. A few with leaves on a stalk wd. be acceptable with the specimen. I can call for it at any place where you may be able to leave it most conveniently
+Yrs very faithfully
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Prof Sedgwick has left me a large set of coal plants to pack up & send to you & being determined that you shall not give him the trouble of looking over his fossils again he has selected almost all those with any character at all that he could find. They amount to nearly 120 specimens & among them there are so many of great size & weight that the packing case in which I am going to put them will be of enormous dimensions in every way. I think it better that you should know this before I send according to your direction fearing lest your farmer parishioner should tremble for his horse in bringing so vast a treasure.
+I thought it also better to write to you first because as the Library books are [text illegible] on Tuesday I can if you wish it also send any works of reference such as Schlotheim [text illegible] &c that you like to consult. There will be quite time to put them in before sending off the box on Tuesday morning by the Bury carrier.
+I shall send a Catalogue of the localities in the box which you can - if you will - make use of by filling in the names there when you have determined them save yourself further trouble. I hope the whole will travel safely but as many of the plants are delicate & brittle there must be a good deal of danger, of course you will unpack carefully. I should mention that (158) is not the specimen that was have to been sent but only a few fragments of it as I found it so brittle that I did not dare to pack it up. Your Calamites I hardly know what to do with as the box would not go into our packing case. Babbington told me that it was not put together properly so I did not mind disturbing the arrangement of the pieces. All the plants we have now left are a set of those from the Oolites - chiefly from Scarborough & some from the Lower Keuper. These you can either have sent on or wait till you come back to Cambridge to look at them. If I do not hear from you I shall send off the box on Tuesday according to the direction you left. Sedgwick is now in Town & will spend next week with his sister in Nottingham.
+I remain
+Dear Sir
+Yours very truly
+D. T. Ansted
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+The Chairman and deputy chairman of the East India Company present their Compliments to the Rev. d M. r Henslow and request his acceptance of a Collection of Duplicates of dried Specimens of Plants from the Company’s Museum.—
A list by which the names of the Specimens may be identified accompanies the collection which is deposited with Dr. Wallick, No. 61 Frith Street, Soho, London, who has received the commands of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman to cause it to be delivered to any person duly authorized to receive the same.
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I am here again all safe & sound & very anxious to get down to Hitcham as soon as convenient to all your party to receive me.
+If possible I should like to reclaim my Admiralty pay at once which would be something in hand to begin with, & as the matter is very complicated I quite expect to be called by the Admiralty to a talk which could not be before Friday & Saturday. I shall be in Town all this day & tomorrow & would therefore propose going down to Hitcham on Monday (spending Sunday with my mother here) any train will suit me & I suppose I can get a fly at Hitcham.
+With affte regards
+Ever yrs
+Jos D. Hooker
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I send you a sequel to what you had before. I had it in my pen to refer to a hasty remark I made in one of my letters - as I felt after it was gone it might have an ungracious & perhaps canting appearance to you. But you rather startled me by an expression of my "good works" to which I felt I had no claim. I feel very deeply indebted to you for the kind manner in which you assisted in repelling the very false imputation laid upon me last year by a reporter in the Times. It was very friendly of you & I am not insensible to good report - but I fear it at least as much as bad report, when not merited. So pray do not suppose that I wanted to be snappish, though I confess the manner in which I expressed myself may have had that appearance. I hope you understand me, indeed I am sure you do - so I will say no more. If you disagree with me in any of the principles I endeavour to enforce do not hesitate to do so - & I will always try to see where I am wrong.
Ever sincerely Yrs
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Writes concerning the excavation of mammoth remains and plans JSH visit to see them, potentially with Adam Sedgwick but probably not William Whewell. Gives a description of a tusk and other remains in their present state of excavation. States that similar remains in the same stratum of gravel nearby have been destroyed by labourers. Encloses a sketch of the tusk.
+I am just come from pit & there seems very good reason to hope that the Bones if kept properly covered up, will not crumble to pieces if allowed to remain under turves another week. I mention this time, because I am engaged to Lord Maynard on Monday next, & I shall not return from his house till Thursday. If you think it would be worth Mr Sedgwick's while coming over I shall feel delighted at having found a motive to tempt him to pay me a visit, Mr Whewell is I fear tied by the leg to his lecture room. At all events I shall be ready to receive you all or any of you by 2 o'clock on Thursday. We can then adjourn to the scene of action, & should it be found necessary to proceed with extreme caution our operations may be resumed the next morning. The tusk which is nearly laid bare and very much more curved than in common elephants is from 6 to 8 feet long and 21 inches in circumference in the thickest part - the shape is at present perfectly distinguishable but the surface very tender & in places scaling off so that I almost despair of raising it up without its crumbling to pieces. Under the Tusk is another, probably its fellow, which seems less brittle. The teeth & other fossil remains have all been carefully preserved. I could see no vestige of any skull whatsoever. The proprietor of the adjoining cottage garden found some near similar tusks in the same stratum of gravel, but his labourers not being cautious broke them with the utmost composure. I fear however by the description they were in a most advanced state of decay.
Enclosed is a sketch made by my Under Gardener of the Tusk as it lies in its resting place he has to my mind not taken the curve correctly but enough perhaps to give you some idea of the appearance of the fossil.
+Believe me
+Dr Sir
+Yrs faithfully
+Braybrooke
+May I request one line by tomorrow for Sunday's post directed here
+[Sketch of tusk included with letter]
+Available under license only
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+As I am about to republish a valuable little book, which the Master of Christ's has seen in association with Mrrs Carus and Langshaw who have become subscribers along with Dr Turton, the Master of Jesus, the Provost of Kings, the Master of Corpus, and the President of Queen's, Revd H. Melville, B. D. I have taken the liberty to ask a humble favor of you from what I know of your kind and generous disposition. The copies will be 3/- each. It was published about 150 years ago, by Mr Gouge of [text illegible] Coll.
+your humble servt Sir,
+W. Sharpe, M.A.
+Queens Coll.
+ +Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+On the other page you will see the design in this application. I am endeavouring to obtain articles to accompany the engravings which shall truely and attractively describe the present state of things here in different departments of the establishment - and/or their progress to it. I thought you might perhaps be able without much trouble to give something of this kind, upon the Botanical Museum - which has had so much of your care - and the Gardens which have shared your attention - wherein the future position &c might be enlarged upon. As the collection of these arricles is not to be massive - no single one is expected to be large. I will now add nothing but my compliments to Mrs Henslow & sign the sentiment of the Prospective.
+Yours faithfully
+J. J. Smith
+ +Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Mr Simeon presents his compliments to Professor Henslow, never for a moment contemplated there becoming an annual subscriber to that society. He aided it here on that occasion with 5£ to entertain the guests, & 1£ to pay any contingent expenses & my ticket of entree but never intended to be an annual Contributor. He desires therefore that his name may be erased. His Calls for Charity are too numerous to be encroached on by annual demands of any kind & therefore, even when applied to, he almost invariably declines them so limiting of his small resources.
+K.C. May 19. 1835
+ +Available under license only
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+If you will be so good as to send me 3 Receipts for the 3 libraries I will forward you the sum of 47..5/- after having deducted 2/6 for the man who collects the money for Mr Audubon. The receipts should be made out for the "Public library" - "The Fitzwilliam Museum" - & the "Phlilosophical Socy" - £15..15.. for each - enclose them, directed to The Secretary of the Philosophical Society Cambridge
+I remain Sir
+Yr obedt Serv
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
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+I will write to Mr Yates and consult with him about the meeting of the Council. Whewell is away and does not return for a few weeks. My own opinion is most decidedly against employing Mr Murray any more. My chief object in writing to you at present is to confer about the report we are preparing. I do not consider its present shape as that in which it ought to appear, as we have not carefully revised it so as to correct grammatical errors and misprints; but I confess that I see nothing to find fault with in the general character of it. The reporter's account was most defective and it has cost us no small pains to reduce it to its present shape. You will observe that I am not the only person who have worked at it: Sedgwick, Whewell, Lodge, Peacock, Brown, have corrected parts, and the three former especially have looked over the whole. Peacock has a copy now. I have sent others to Mr Taylor, Mr Yates, Dr Daubeny, Mr Phillips, and Lodge and before it goes to the press I am anxious for the opinion of all. I really think that you take too high a view of what is required in such a publication. No one expects any thing of dignity in such a statement: all that is called for is a simple memorial of what took place, and as nearly as possible, of how it took place. To alter the speeches into prepared orations would take away the whole charm which they possess as exhibiting the unpremeditated sentiments of the speakers. I and several others considered the account we are preparing would be highly gratifying to those who have seen no accurate report of the proceedings, and nothing but the very erroneous statements which have appeared in the papers and elsewhere. Still, so far as I am concerned, I have no care for the publication and will correct and alter to suit the taste of others as may be thought best. With three friends to assist me last night, we directed above 800 of the circulars, and I have given the rest to a clerk to finish for us. You will, I trust, excuse me if I have delivered my own view freely, but having lived long enough to know that it is impossible that we should all think alike upon any subject whatever, I always consider it best to state plainly my own opinions and then abide by what the majority wish, without any care for the consequences. I verily believe that we shall gratify very nearly the whole of the Association by appending this report to the signatures, and that they will be the better pleased to find the speeches given as nearly as possible in the language in which they were delivered. I don't think we can suppress it after the Syndics have so liberally offered to print it for us. It cannot be considered an act (or a very deliberate one) of the Association, but of a few only; for it forms no part of our regular proceedings. I therefore do think that you view the matter with too severe a judgment; but in saying so pray don't suppose that I am in the least annoyed, and that I am unwilling to stop the publication, and burn the letters if it should seem most advisable to do so. I am willing to suggest and to act for the members of the Association to the best of my power, but have no desire to support any fancies of my own that may be unpleasant to them. Quere. If we find a Council cannot conveniently be called, might not a circular be sent to the members requesting their opinion as to Murray's publication. I see that I am the only member of Council in Cambridge, but I am quite ignorant of the London members and I think a circular would be a ready and efficient mode. Will you, if you consent, prepare one, and I will get it lithographed if you choose a printer.
+Quere. Would you recommend my sending the report of any of the speeches to their authors?
+I see you mention rough Mss as sent you by Whewell, but as you have not got the proof sheets, you may perhaps find that we have already done something towards altering them into a fitter shape for publication.
+Available under license only
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+About 2 years ago I sent to my friend Sulivan a small collection of the plants of this island & Madagascar, which I believe was destined for you.
+At the same time I begged Sulivan to let me know whether you would be pleased at receiving some more in the event of my having time to collect & dry them. I attribute my not having heard of the arrival of the specimens, & your opinion of them to the idleness of my correspondent, and as I am aware of your zeal for the science of Botany I will take upon myself to suppose [letter unavailable from here]
+Available under license only
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+Be so good as to forward one of your advertisements for Microscopic Objects to C. Dilk esq 76 Sloan St. When I saw him last week in town he said he should like to have the same set that you have sent me, & I have in consequence forwarded to him the Nos. But I think he may perhaps prefer a greater variety among some I omitted & not quite so many Botanical Specimens. I have therefore told him I wd. write to you to send your list & he may compare it with what I have suggested.
Yrs faithfully
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I thank you much for your letter which I last received, your notes on Plants, your specimens,— & above all for your kind attentions to my young friends Monteith & Gordon. You have been a means of rendering their residence in Cambridge a very happy one.
+I am quite ashamed to send you as I do now, a miserably small packet of Mosses & Jung ae. It is not that I have not many more that are entirely at your service, but such is the state of my duplicate herbarium & such my incessant employment with my publications that I really have not the time to look them out, & I feel myself indebted to you & many other friends in very many specimens of plants. Hopefully I have a prospect ere very long of not being so barren a correspondent as I have hitherto been. Otto of Berlin was here lately & I have adopted his advice of engaging a young man from Germany, who is to have the entire charge of the arrangement of my Herbarium; & costly as this is to me, it is absolutely necessary to be done.
It is my Cryptogamic collection that is in especially disorder; & as soon as ever my young German arrives he will be engaged in putting it into a better state where you may rely on it I shall select for you many others of your desiderata, if I do not have the pleasure of seeing you here & selecting them for yourself.
+I have made a good use of many of your specimens & have copied many of your habitats; tho' in this latter particular the small size of my book does not allow me to be so exact as I could otherwise have wished.
+I do not see any striking differences between your Geran. pyrenaicum from the South & that of the north. But perhaps in a living state they may be more apparent.
+Your Chara from Bottisham, without fruit, I judge to be C. gracilis, a little slenderer than usual.
Your Lotus decumbens is truly so of Smith, & the Lotus tenuis of Waldsh. & Vit as you will see in Suppl. to Engl. Bot.: t. 2615:— but I doubt if it be anything but a var of L. corniculatus.
+Your large Potamogeton from Bottisham fen I consider true P. natans, longer indeed than usual & quite distinct from fluitans of Smith & Fl. Lond. N. Ser.: now called rupescens.
The Pot. "natans var" you send me from Wilson is my P. lanceolatus & of Brit. Fl.– I have drawn up my character from his specimens.
Your very hairy var. of Lotus corniculatus, is L. cornicul. γ of De Cand. Prodr. & perhaps L. major β. Sm. in Engl. Fl. It is as good a right to be a species as L. tenuis & L. major; & no better.
+Your little Gymnostomum I should certainly call conicum. It quite agrees with my specimens & my figure.
+Wilson of Warrington will make an admirable Botanist. He has been spending the Autumn & winter in Ireland & has found many good Cryptogamic plants. Amongst others he has refound the most rare Daltonia splachnoides. At present I have only received a morsel from him which I share with you. I expect more soon.
Your's ever, my dear Sir | most truly & faithfully | W. J. Hooker
+P. S. Miss Haldane is now here & desires me to say how grateful she is to you & M rs. Henslow for your kind attention to her & her German friend D r. Horn at Cambridge.
Available under license only
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+Before I left Cambridge yesterday, I directed a large packet of Darwin's plants to be forwarded to you. I think I have selected all from the Herbarium - but it is possible there may be a few from a packet which I received from my late Brother, which had been intermixed - but if so you will find them dated 1827 & no number & without Darwin's name. I must bring the Catalogue which corresponds to the numbers when I come to town on Monday week, & will leave it at 13 Clements Inn. I have Directed the packet to be left there with my Brother S. W. Henslow - till you call or send for it. I will look out the Galapagos plants (which are here) & bring them also.
Very truly Yrs
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I am very sorry to find you are not to be of our cragging party. My Son George will join us & must do the ex-Captain for you, as he wears moustaches! Mr Cobbold, M.P. for Ipswich had invited us to dinner, but writes this morning to say he is obliged to be in town, & must leave us to breakfast with Mrs C. as I had proposed to be early in Ipswich tomorrow, not to lose time. I find however the train does not reach Hadleigh before 7P.M. at this season, & it would be too much to hurry Fisher off over early tomorrow - so we shall not get to Ipswich before 1.15 I shall go to Hadleigh on the chance of his coming by that train, as I suppose he will - but I have not heard from him. I am delighted to hear that Hitcham is to be considered worthy imitation in Purbeck - & if you want to take a lesson in Macguire Museum you must come here for the 11th. I dare say we can stow you in an attic, if best beds should be pre-occupied - & I believe George's room will be vacant, as he means to return to Cambridge to reside there during the L.V. you might cream up a few Lecturets for a future occasion! I send by this post a few supplementary documents connected with the Hitcham Press. I see Hooker & Arnott have just published a new edition which will probably necessitate some corrections in the numbers of the Genera & then in the List sent. It is unlucky I did not wait a fortnight longer before printing it. Many thanks for yr Purbeck Insects. I feel sure now that the Cambs species in Fisher's specimens are fragments of Insects (Beetles wings & not vegetable. I am just on to be President of an Ipswich Natural History Club, in imitation of you so we reciprocate. Have you seen what I have said about Cambridge prospects in Nat. Hist. in the account of Bell's address in the Lit. Gazette for June 17?
Yrs very truly
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+The manner in which my name is noticed in a review of Mr. Darwin's work in your number for December, is liable to lead to a misapprehension of my view of Mr. Darwin's "Theory on the Origin of Species." Though I have always expressed the greatest respect for my friend's opinions, I have told himself that I cannot assent to his speculations without seeing stronger proofs than he has yet produced. I send you an extract from a letter I have received from my brother-in-law the Rev. L. Jenyns, the well-known author of "British Vertebrata," as it very nearly expresses the views I at present entertain in regard Mr. Darwin's theory - or rather hypothesis, as I should prefer calling it. I have heard his book styled "the book of the day," on more than one occasion by a most eminent naturalist; who is himself opposed to and has written against its conclusions; but who considers it ought not to be attacked with flippant denunciation, as though it were unworthy consideration. If it be faulty in its general Conclusions, it is surely a stumble in the right direction, and not to be refuted by arguments which no naturalist will allow to be really adverse to the speculations it contains.
+Yours faithfully,
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have only just received your letter of the 15th., or your wishes would have been more speedily complied with.
+Yrs faithfully
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I forward the letters of Messrs. Dilke & Co that you may cogitate over the contents before we have the pleasure of seeing you on Wednesday I propose driving Mrs Hooker soon after luncheon, & I shall thus secure a glance at your gardens before dinner which I dare say may be inspected if you should happen to be out at the time of our arrival
+Very truly Yours
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I send you the reply I have received from the Editor of the Athenaeum. We will I am sure be happy to obtain further information.
+Yours truly
+C. Wentworth Dilke
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Don tells me that no one knows how Cunningham situation was ever called that of a Botanist - it being only adapted to growing cabbages for the convicts. He knows however that it had been filled up by a Mr Anderson who has been out there some time, & was recommended by the Colonial government.
+Rice knew nothing about it.
+Yrs ever truly
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I beg your acceptance of the enclosed copy of a paper of mine on Zoophytes - & I have taken the liberty of transmitting thro' you a copy of it for the Rev. L. Jenyns, who, if I am not misinformed, lives in your neighbourhood. I have been induced to offer it to this gentleman as a mark of the gratitude I derived from his writings in the Camb. Phil. Trans. & I trust he may pardon my intrusion. I am with great respect
+Yours sincerely
+Geo. Johnston
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have just tried one of the Microscopes which I have put together for polishing and I hope to send it you on Monday compleatly [sic] finished. I am happy to inform you that it produces the finest effect I have ever yet seen as an opake microscope. There is so much light that the condensing lens is not even required and I have no doubt with the aid of the lens attached as you have represented it, it will be equally effective by candle or lamp light. I think that the second power if properly fitted might be used for opake objects but this will require some time, perhaps if you would have the goodness to think upon it you might suggest some plan
+I remain Sir
+Yours very respectfully
+John Cary
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I don’t know whether you care to hear Phillips, who delivers the Rede Lecture in the Senate House next Tuesday at 2. P.M. It is understood that he means to attack the Darwinian hypothesis of Natural Selection.
+Sedgwicks address last Monday was temperate enough for his usual mode of attack, but strong enough to cast a slur upon all who substitute hypotheses for strict induction, & as he expressed himself in regard to some of C.Ds suggestions as revolting to his own sense of wrong and right & as Dr Clark who followed him, spoke so unnecessarily severely against Darwin’s views; I got up, as Sedgwick had alluded to me, and stuck up for Darwin as well as I could, refusing to allow that he was guided by any but truthful motives, and declaring that he himself believed he was exalting & not debasing our views of a Creator, in attributing to him a power of imposing laws on the Organic World by which to do his work, as effectually as his laws imposed upon the inorganic had done it in the Mineral Kingdom—
I believe I succeeded in diminishing, if not entirely removing, the chances of Darwin’s being prejudged by many who take their cue in such cases according to views of those they suppose may know something of the matter— Yesterday at my lectures I alluded to the subject, & showed how frequently naturalists were at fault in regarding as species, forms which had (in some cases) been shown to be varieties, and how legitimately Darwin had deduced his inferences from positive experiment— Indeed I had, on Monday, replied to a sneer (I don’t mean from Sedgwick) at his pidgeon results, by declaring that the case necessitated an appeal to such domestic experiments, & that this was the legitimate & best way of proceeding for the detection of those laws which we all endeavouring to discover—
+I do not disguise my own opinion that Darwin has pressed his hypothesis too far—but at the same time I assert my belief that his Book is (as Owen described it to me) the ‘Book of the Day’— I suspect the passages I marked in the Edinburgh Review for the illumination of Sedgwick have produced an impression upon him to a certain extent— When I had had my say, Sedgwick got up to explain, in a very few words, his good opinion of Darwin, but that he wished it to be understood that his chief attacks were directed against Powel’s late Essay, from which he quoted passages as “from an Oxford Divine” that would astound Cambridge men, as no doubt they do. He showed how greedily, (if I may so speak) Powell has accepted all Darwin had suggested, & applied these suggestions (as if the whole were already proved) to his own views—
+I think I have given you a fair, tho’ very hasty, view of what happened, & as I have just had a letter from Darwin, & really have not a minute to spare for a reply this morning perhaps you will send this to him, as he may like to know, to some extent, what happened—
+As he also wishes to know of all criticisms, pro & con, he will find an adverse view in the last No (just received) of the Dublin Magazine of Natural history— Of course he knows of the reply to Owen in a late Saturday magazine, & also the articles in Spectator—
+Let me know, as soon as you conveniently can, whether my ideas of the Palace lectures meet yours. Every lecturer must, of course, be guided to a considerable extent by his own— But there may be something or other which he has neglected, or is not aware of, that would induce him to modify his plans— I have only a fortnight more here, & have to select such materials as I think may be useful from the Museum here, & pack them up—so I have not much time to spare— A few words will be enough to set me thinking & if these lectures are to come off I should wish to make them as instructive or suggestive (as well as agreeable) as 4 lectures may admit, & my opportunities allow— I must now have 100 auditors here, the room is so full;—& above 50 seem likely to try for a pass this year— We have had 3 meetings within the week to arrange our new Schemes for Triposes—& so far all is working well— Grace Hawthorn is here for +/- 24 hours— Leonard has been for 2 or 3 nights—
+Love to Fs &c.
+Ever affectly
+J. S Henslow
+Available under license only
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+Allow me to introduce to your acquaintance Dr Broussonet of Montpellier, nephew of the very eminent Professor of that name. He is much interested in the Universities of this country & more especially in the Institutions connected with what may be most worthy of his attention in your famous University. He is so kind as to charge himself with a small packet for you & a botanical letter.
Yours ever | most truly & faithfully | W. J. Hooker
+Available under license only
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+I have received your parcel containing a book &c and a letter for my Brother. I will forward them by the first opportunity, and will follow your suggestion in endeavouring to obtain the Anatomie des Mollusques which I do not think he at present has.
+I feel very much obliged to you for the two letters you are so good as to send. I have had great pleasure in reading them, and will gladly make use of your permission to send them home, and will take care that they are returned to you.
+I do not know whether I can be of any assistance to you either in receiving or forwarding the Boxes which my Brother may send to you, and can only beg that you will make any use of me that may be convenient
+I remain yours,
+Sincerely obliged
+E. Darwin
+24 Regent St.
+P.S. My Brother mentions in his letter that his Box is to be forwarded through Capt. Fitz Roy’s Agent at Falmouth The former agent of Capt Fitz Roy (I forget his name) failed and I had in consequence considerable difficulty in sending out some books. If you should happen to know the address of the present Agent who forwarded the Box, I should feel exceedingly obliged to you if you could send it to me. I should not venture to give you so much trouble if I were not so well acquainted with all your kindness to my Brother.
+Available under license only
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+Doctor & Miss Darwins present their Compts to Professor Henslow and beg to return a great many thanks for his kindness in allowing them to see the enclosed letters— the one written August 15th. is ten days later date than any they have received.—
+Available under license only
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+I beg to enclose you bill of lading for a Case of Specimens of Natural History which by direction of Mr Charles Darwin I forward to you pr. Brig “Basenthwaite” Mitchinson Martin for Liverpool— This Case contains part of the Head of the “Megatherium”— I regret that on the passage down the River it should have been broken; previous to this accident the Snout or nose extended 1 1/2 to two feet more than at present— These are not the bones referred to in the accompanying Letter— I expect them down shortly when I shall feel proud in forwarding them to you— Permit me this opportunity of offering my Services to you & to assure you that I shall feel highly gratified if by any Information, or Specimens I can obtain in this Country I can contribute to the advancement of Science in my native land—
+My last letter from Mr. Darwin was from the Falkland Islands 30 March; at which time all was well—
+I have the honour to be Sir
+Your most obt Sert
+Edward Lumb
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I am much obliged for the favour of your letter, for the flattering terms in which you speak of my son and for your kind attention in sending the copies of the extracts from his letters.
+We are all sensible how much Charles owes to you his success and the great advantage your friendship is to him. He feels and speaks of it.
+I thought the voyage hazardous for his happiness but it seems to prove otherwise and it is highly gratifying to me to think he gains credit by his observation and exertion.
+There is a natural good humored energy in his letters just like himself.
+Dear Sir very faithfully
+your obliged
+R W Darwin
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I wish it was in my power to give definitive answers to Mr Darwin’s questions. They are all fit points to be investigated, but they require a longer course of experience than the life of one man, especially of one who attends to the subject only incidentally, can furnish.
+I can entertain no doubt whatsoever as to the first question, that a long established variety or species must be more likely to reproduce itself uniformly from seed than one of recent origin. You have experience of the reproduction in the first case, and no certainty at all in the 2d. It certainly appears to me that if a seedling is obtained from a mule plant exactly conformable to the hybrid parent you have a much stronger prospect of an established & uniform race than you had before the reproduction of the hybrid type.
It stands to reason that the pollen of a plant which is naturally disposed to produce varieties must be less likely to produce hybrids of uniform appearance, than that of a plant which is not disposed to sport; but I consider the pollen of a permanent garden variety just as likely to produce an uniform effect as that of any easily convertible natural species. Take for instance the hollyhocks of the garden, without question cultivated varieties of one plant, yet steadily reproducing their respective colors by seed. I apprehend that the pollen of one variety of hollyhock on another would be neither more nor less decisive than that of one wild species of Calceolaria on another, at least taking the species wh. have similar constitutions & intermingle easily. These answers refer to Qy 1 & 2
Qy 3. I think crossbred vegetables lean more to the type of the father than of the mother; but I think the offspring of the mule disposed to lean to the parent of wh. the constitution is most congenial to the climate & soil in wh. it is grown.
+4th. I am not aware that the genera which it is difficult to hybridize are slow to sport. Up to this day, tho’ I am still trying, I have failed in all attempts to cross Crocuses, yet there is a different either species or vary of Crocus in almost every part of S. Europe, & the garden varieties of Crocus vernus & versicolor are very numerous. I think conformity of constitution a great point to facilitate intermixtures; but I cannot conceive why the genus Hippeastrum courts hybridiza-tion, while it is produced with difficulty in the genera closely allied to it, Zephyranthes & Habranthus.
+5th I have not observed that it is more easy to hybridize two cultivated plants than two wild ones. The Calceolaria raised from wild seed are willing to intermingle. The fresh imported bulbs quite as willing as those raised from seed obtained in a cultivated state.
+6th. I do not think the genera in wh. hybridization is difficult stand isolated. I have made many attempts to cross species of Iris & have not yet obtained a cross; yet there is no genus in which it is more difficult to discriminate the numerous species, & to decide whether the numerous wild local forms are to be accounted as varieties of common species or not; and there is no order of plants in which it is more difficult to determine the limits of the genera which are in an almost hopeless state of confusion.
+7th. I think species from remote parts are only thus far more likely to breed together than those from neighbouring localities, that in the latter case there is greater probability that they have been already approximated & have not bred together. I do not think the distance of their natural location can facilitate the disposition to interbreed.
+8. I have never heard of any particular instance of the character wh. first appeared in a given plant disappearing in the first produce & reappearing in the grandchild, but I should think it of common occurrence in garden monsters if they are fertile, but in such cases there is generally a probability that the pollen of the monster may have had access to the produce that had lost the feature & reproduces it. I should think a plain seedling from a hose in hose primrose more likely to produce a hose in hose seedling, than a primrose, which had no such ancestry; a blue offspring of a wild white vary of the common squill more likely to reproduce a white one, that one of thorough bred blue pedigree.
+9th. I do not think cross breeding of garden varieties inimical to fertility I did not at all mean that fruit trees might not be improved freely by crossing the varieties; but that if you cross two species of fruit trees, you are more likely to get the advantage of a new flower, than of a new fruit. For instance I obtained one fruit of which the seeds vegetated from the mule Passiflora cæruleâ-racemosa, but I have only obtained one, & that was quite deficient in juicy pulp.
+10th. I have not attended to ferns or fungi.
+The experience of 4 seasons has now shewn that it is certain that if, taking two hybrid Hippeastra wh. have (say) each a 4-flowered stem, 3 flowers on each are set with the dust of the plant itself & one on each with the dust of the other plant, that one on each of them will take the lead & ripen abundant seed, & the other 3 either fail or proceed more tardily & produce an inferior capsule of seed. I am at this moment trying the experiment in a bulb of that genus fresh from the Organ Mountains in Brazil to see whether its own natural pollen or that of a mule will take the lead.
+I have answered the questions as well as I am able; but a much longer course of experiments in various genera is necessary to their perfect solution
+I remain Dr Sir
+Yrs faithfully
+W Herbert Spofforth
+[Charles Darwin Annotations]
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+The little alteration suggested is advisable as all my own British Collection - & the new Lemannian collection are now accessible - but I see nothing in the least overstated - & I like exceedingly all the suggested editions & plans. I have been away recreating (by the advice of my Doctor) & am returned all the better for a little relaxation from overwork. Compts of the Season
+Ever yrs truly
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Captain Fitz Roy is going out to survey the southern coast of Terra del Fuego, & afterwards to visit many of the South Sea Islands & to return by the Indian Archipelago: the vessel is fitted out expressly for scientific purposes, combined with the survey,: it will furnish therefore a rare opportunity for a naturalist & it would be a great misfortune that it should be lost:
+An offer has been made to me to recommend a proper person to go out as a naturalist with this expedition; he will be treated with every consideration; the Captain is a young man of very pleasing manners (a nephew of the Duke of Grafton), of great zeal in his profession & who is very highly spoken of; if Leonard Jenyns could go, what treasures he might bring home with him, as the ship would be placed at his disposal, whenever his enquiries made it necessary or desirable; in the absence of so accomplished a naturalist, is there any person whom you could strongly recommend: he must be such a person as would do credit to our recommendation
+Do think on this subject: it would be a serious loss to the cause of natural science, if this fine opportunity was lost
+The ship sails about the end of Septr.
+Poor Ramsay! what a loss to us all & particularly to you
+Write immediately & tell me what can be done
+Believe me
+My dear Henslow
+Most truly yours
+George Peacock
+My dear Henslow
+I wrote this letter on Saturday, but I was too late for the Post: What a glorious opportunity this would be for forming collections for our museums: do write to me immediately & take care that the opportunity is not lost
+Believe me
+My dear Henslow
+Most truly yours
+Geo Peacock
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I foolishly misdelivered this which has been returned to me at the same time that I receive your fourth report – for which I beg to thank you – I can only wait patiently till a favorable opportunity may arrive for doing something – I have added Bloomfield’s poems to my Village Library – At your recommendation – I think it well suited to the purpose – but I got a much cheaper Edition than the one you named–
+Very truly yours
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+We have an attentive and kindly disposed Master at our Work House, who takes an interest in making it as bearable as possible
+He has a little Band who play about thirty or more tunes – The new Drummer might easily get into his Drum–
+The Band of course varies in number but is generally composed of about a dozen of the children. They play Horn, pipes, Trombone, Clarinet, Cymbals &c purchased among us by subscription–
+It has given quite a new Tone to the establishment, and has been adopted in other Unions–
+Last week by a subscription of two or three pounds our Work House children joined those of Ipswich, and had a steam-boat excursion to Harwich. I was not present, but I hear it was a very successful and interesting display, and the steam boat company carried them gratis – the rail-road at half-price– and the rail-road have consented to carry a batch of our Labourers a fortnight hence to visit the Museum &c at Ipswich. The little Band generally come here twice a year – and I expect them again next week at our school children's anniversary. We are desirous of giving our work house children both amusement and exercise.
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+As you seem interested in our University’s memorial – I send the enclosed – The only copy of my own letter that I have left is at the back of one of the pages of my Morning lecture last Sunday, & when you have read it I shall ask you to return it!! The fact is I had only so many copies from London put up with the memorial & sent here for me to direct, as I wished to forward – for I have no time for writing & canvassing in a more formal manner – I go to Cambridge on Monday for 5 weeks lectures, merely returning on Saturday for my Sunday duties – I expect sundry black looks at Cambs;, but hope to keep my temper & perhaps persuade a few of the residents to add their names before the memorial is presented – I have no doubt that some will, but I do not expect many – the great bugbear possibility of Dissenters getting allowed degrees – for I believe we are pretty unanimous in admitting that there is scope for improvement – Excuse this hasty scrawl – I send you my old list of Lending Books – but I hope to forward a more extended one before long–
+Ever yours truly
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have been very busy all morn. g packing up another large box besides the one of birds mentioned in a former letter. Most unfortunately for the birds (w. ch have been ready packed more than a month, the vessel that takes them has been delayed all that time in port by the bad weather. I cannot help being afraid they may have taken injury, yet every precaution has been taken to preserve them all this time from damp, insects &c so that I trust they will reach you in good condition. The piece of Coral Goryonia verrucosa in this box is for yrself. The other box contains, Branch of Dragon tree (fresh & green) with ripe fruit – Jar of fish No. I. – D o. N o. II. – Jar A. 2 ripe Mangoes (Mangifera indica) Bottle B. Flowers of Teucrium abutiloides. – [Torn and ill.] Fruit of Ardisia excelsa D o. D. Oil extracted from the berries [of] Laurus (Persea) canariensis. – E. Fruit of Ficus stipulata & Dracaena Draco. -- F. Fruit of Vaccinium padifolium Sm. (V. maderense Spr.). – Spec m of Antipathes, scapania Lam. x? attached to a rock. – Spec m of the Canical concretions; see Bowd. Suppl.
The Birds, Fish N os. I & II., Bottles N. os B, C, D, E, F, Antipathes & Canical concretions are for the [ill.del.] Philos. Soc. (you of course making first what use you please of them). -- The Fish sh d be dispersed each in separate Glass jars as soon as poss: my tickets must be left on them that I may hereafter be able properly to arrange them. Several of them are new. I shall now keep sending more to make a complete Collection. I sh. d wish all my things both now & hereafter to be left as much as possible together till I can come when the whole is completed to arrange them myself.– I am wishing much to hear from you. Kind regards to all friends, particularly L. Jenyns & tell him it annoys me that I cannot reply to his last letter this time. Both boxes are dedicated to y. r brother’s care. Freight paid for both. viz 1£ 10s.
Y. rs ever sincerely | R. T. Lowe
[reverse] C. Inn Tuesday
+dear John
+As directed I have stripped this half sheet of its outer clothing which I have sent to the Custom House Gent.- with instructions to forwardsame cases to you with all the dispatch immediately- We are all quite well – love & - Your affect e brother
S. W. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Canst thou tell me the names of the most eminent Naturalists who rose from the working classes – that I may read the accounts to bring forward in evidence what this class can do – to encourage others in their studies– I have the life of Wilson & Crowther
+Sir H Austin paid a visit to the Museum this morning & seemd much pleased with our progress
+In haste
+Thine very truly
+James Ransome
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+G. Ransome Esq., Ipswich, is the chief founder of the museum & is about to give lectures to a class on Ornithology – it has occurred to me that you may very possibly have made similar enquires to those he is now making about Working Classes – Can you answer this question to any extent– I write to say that I have forwarded the note to you. I send him the names of 3 living naturalists viz. Millar – Peach – Decaisne – but I have no time for searching just now
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I was at home yesterday to see after our Benefit Club, when we had our quarterly frolic as all sorts of re-unions are called in Suffolk. What with a fine evening & our little Workhouse band, the villagers enjoyed themselves till dark – the Clubmen imbibing (my cook tells me) 7 pails full of tea & coffee – I had 3 recruits enlist on the spot, & I feel we are daily gaining ground from the bad pothouse clubs – we shall [be] here (for Mrs H’s health) about a fortnight I running to’ & fro’
+Very truly yours
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Delayed by two weddings this morning I did not leave home for the first train as I had intended, & so received your notes & the very interesting account you were so good as to send me – which I read as I walked to the Church & put into my letter box on my return & hope you have received it – I could not help contrasting the difference in general appearance between the two hale and blooming brides I was uniting to their country bridegrooms & the descriptions of the women in the report – In one respect there was a moral or rather immoral resemblance almost universal in county practice – Though our very young women grow up to be good wives & mothers – they will persevere in thinking themselves to their future husbands to an extent which makes our registers sad tell tales or else first children are begotten in a marvelously short time – I think some little improvement has taken place – but we are still grievously below the correct standard – I have no doubt one of our county executions would be a more pleasant party to look at than such as Mr Brown leads out of the alleys of his parish – but I was much touched with the account of grasping at the first Dog rose – & I think my eyes watered at least a score of times on my journey as I thought of it & since – I shall be truly rejoiced if more of my blackcoated brothers will take up this policy – as you must have found it needs only a certain amount of forbearance & a little experience to obtain success – Experience also will secure the due economy – The visit to one of the 350 from Ipswich was rather more expensive than I should feel justified in repeating annually – but from memoranda made I believe I can reduce it one half & bring it quite within the limits I have been accustomed to allow myself for some sort of annual treat as fireworks &c for some years back – The great thing is to obtain co-operation & as yet there has been a lack of this – My policy is never to go cap in hand – but to lay down general rules & let volunteers step forward – last year we were 70 & this year 180 – & might have been many more if I had not thought first to draw a line – I am happy to say that I am allowed to rent 16 acres of our feoffment land for allotments – at last I have allayed opposition though I have not made any converts among the Farmers – When the land was let 9 yrs ago they would not listen to my proposal though I had a list of 60 willing to take the land – last week they consented to allow me to have my way merely stating they were not in favour of the scheme – I shall hope before long to have a Hitcham Prize Show & take a leaf out of your Book in that respect
Believe me
+very truly yours
+J.S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+You are welcome to as many of my notices as you can find any use for – I sent one to an excellent liberal Landlord at this Parish who is ( I believe) near Reigate at present – I mean Sir B. Brodie – I have had the idea passing thro’ my head of a select party – for 2 or 3 days in London, but this would be a somewhat expensive affair & could only be managed for a few – I once sent one of our more intelligent labourers to see London under his Brother’s auspices, & it did him much good. There are plenty of free sights, & I think I have interest enough with some others to obtain free admission for country cousins – which would reduce our expences to travelling, bed & board; & with due economy I fancy (D.V.) another year may produce something of the sort you describe – a little mismanagement of their funds by our Ipswich friends squandered in our cause as least 10£ to 15£ which found its way into the pockets of those who are always ready to plunder – but this was no affair of mine – & where I have the arrangement in my own hands I should effectually prevent anything of the sort – but Feoffes are really Trustees of certain lands left to the poor – we receive about 80£ in rent from these, which is not well distributed – but I have contrived to improve upon old practices – when I came here it was entirely given away in silver – with a good deal of favoritism – The Vestry door was guarded by constables – one claimant introduced at a time – & no body satisfied – & the Feoffes generally were more or less abused at the end– By drawing up a precise scale for the distribution, & appropriating 30£ towards Coals, we now meet all together in the School room – & scarcely a grumble is ever heard – If so the case is publickly discussed & decided before the whole party – Mr Wood, the Sec.y of the Lab. Friends Soc.y <has> is the person to whom I refer, you name a Mr Martin who will assist – & certainly I shall be thankful for the experience of any one who is disposed to do so – I am sorry I can’t get to Birmingham – but it is rather to far for the length of my Tether–
very truly yours
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I send the remainder of my letters – Yesterday we fairly started our + Society at a numerous meeting – & on Wednesday I go over to Bury to + assist in essaying preliminary measures –
+Very truly yours
+J. S. Henslow
+P. S. Have you seen a capital little book just published called “The + Claims of Labour”?
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Thanks for the papers which I shall circulate with the Cottage Gardener, + pasted on cover – I have not seen any more of the Morn. Chronicle’s + statements than a few extracts in the Bury Post having reference to + Suffolk – I have learnt to be very suspicious of Reporters’ statements – + They contrive to dress up a few facts, sufficiently lamentable in + themselves, in colors not warranted by a closer examination of details – + I was told by a friend at Stourmouth that the details from that + neighbourhood were very unfair representations of the state of things – + Certainly I could not agree with the apparent approval of a system + adopted by a friend of mine in a neighboring parish who builds model + cottages, – then covenants with the tenants that they shall not keep on + pigs or fowls – out of respect to Farmers’ prejudices – It seems true to + me that Farmers’ prejudices are of all things that men have to contend + with, the most injurious to the welfare of the Labourer – It requires + long residence in a Country village & close acquaintance with the + people to be able to enter into the feelings & prejudices peculiar + to our agricultural districts – & I am sure no hasty visits of a + newspaper reporter can qualify him for making a correct statement – I + had made enquiry after these articles but had not been able to get sight + of them – If they are ever published apart I will get them – As yet we + have had fewer persons in the Workhouse than by this time last year – + the cheapness of provisions more than compensating for any loss of + labour–
+Ever yrs truly
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+The lower portion is to be cut off & retain’d by me – the upper kept + by the Tenant – I believe a minimum of covenant is the best plan – & + have therefore suppressed several of the common rules
+Yrs very truly
+J. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I am much obliged to you for the paper you sent me – It will afford me + some useful hints for extending my own plan of laying before the Parish + our Club acs/- which I have been in the habit of doing for some years + past every Easter – I forgot whether I ever sent you a copy before, + & so enclose the last for 1846, as I have not yet made out the ac/- + for 1847 – I like the idea of publishing the Collections for Queen’s + letters & Sacrament fund – and to my own I can add the receipts of + our Benefit Club, Medical Club, & the money expended from our Town + Land Charity. We are probably a very different style of parish + from Oxley – mostly small farmers & not one resident gentleman – a + pretty general objection prevails to much schooling, & a universal + one to allotments – I am very fond of carrying on business by Tickets, + & send you three, which I think you have not seen before, which will + explain themselves – This sort of interchange of plans may often be + mutually instructive – I must look at the B.hp of Norwich’s Book named + by you – I have engaged to give an opening address to the Ipswich Museum + on the 6th & have also a lecture in hand from our Hadleigh Farmers’ + Club on the Geographic distribution of Alimentary Plants, which are + engaging all my spare time just now to get them ready –
+Believe me
+very truly & faithfully yours
+J. S. Henslow
+P. S. one of the farmers yesterday sent a male Reed Bunting to know what + it was – It was in winter plumage – & another today brought me a + large mass of Quartzvein attached to sandstone. – The registration of + such events wd. certainly tell in illustration of the matters unusual in + particular districts–
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I was very glad to see that your fellow townsmen had recognized your + exertions in the handsome manner they did – & not the less pleased + by observing that the expression was not unusual – I send you 2 copies + that you may forward one to the party to whom I am indebted for a + portion of the plan of keeping unusual account of certain parish matters + which I might not otherwise have thought of – you were so good as to + send me his statement 2 years ago – I shall not have the items before + Monday or Tuesday but will send them when I get them
+Yours faithfully & truly
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Per H. C. S. “Bridgewater”
+I have much pleasure in forwarding to England in The Bridgewater a case containing various articles for the Museum of the Phil: Soc: a List of which I subjoin. I had determined to send it in another Vessel: but as Capt Manderson has promised me he will deposit it in a safe place, and as his ship will probably arrive in England 3 Months before the other I thought it better to send it away at once. In a letter I have just written to Leonard Jenyns upon the subject, & which you will in all probability see; I have described more particularly the different Items. I have consigned it to my Agent in London Mr. H. Hebbert 187 Strand, with directions to apprize you of its arrival in Town. He will give you information respecting “clearing” it at The E. I. Company’s Baggage Warehouse, in the event of your being able to obtain a Treasury Order for that purpose: I am happy to say I have hitherto enjoyed excellent health, and have every reason to be pleased with my situation in China.
+We are enjoying lovely weather, although rather warm (for the season of the year.) Owing to the Stoppage of the Trade with the Chinese, by the E.I.C’s. Representatives in their Country, we have been spending our Autumn & shall probably the whole of the Winter by the Sea Side, instead of at Canton, as is generally the case. None of the Company’s Ships have delivered their Cargoes from England or India in the Port of Canton: nor is any Vessel sailing under the British flag at present permitted by the “Select Committee” to enter the Port. The Ship that will convey this to England, is the only one of the Company’s Fleet [(] 22 ships) that is likely to proceed on its homeward bound Passage for some Months: Two are going up to the Yellow Sea, 2 remain to Blockade the “Bocca Tigris” – whilst Report fixes the destination of the remainder for a time at Manilla. I hope Mrs Henslow and your little family are all quite well, and it will afford me great pleasure to hear from yourself that such is the case; a Letter sent to our English Correspondent, Mr Horatio Hardy at the Jerusalem Coffee House London; is sure of being forwarded to me by the first Ship that leaves for this Country–
+With my very kind regards to your Circle,
+Believe me to remain | Yours very truly | George Harvey Vachell
+
+ Jan.
+
+ y
+
+ 27. I sent the Case to the Bridgewater yesterday & got a Receipt for its having been received on board – which I have enclosed to Mr Hebbert 187 Strand, whom I have requested to write to you, when he ascertains its arrival in London.– I have also had it placed on in the Ship’s “Manifest”.– G.H.V.–
Inventory of Articles in a Case – addressed to Prof. r Henslow, Cambridge. Sent to England in the H.C.S. “Bridgewater” consigned to Mr Henry Hebbert – 187 Strand. London. by G.H.V.
+ Case marked – “Specimens of Natural History”
+
13 Packages of Dried Flowers, Grasses, Sea-weed &c &c
+1 small box containing a Skull (of a Chinese murderer) beheaded at Canton 1829) – and 6 Edible “Birds Nests” in their rough[page torn]
+1 Paper of Jungle Grass (Macao.)
+7 Paintings of Lizards (taken from Life) upon Rice Paper
+Specimen of Cloth manufactured by the natives of [page torn] from the “Abaca” or Musa Textilis” (Plantain). [torn]
+2 Boxes of insects caught by G.H.V. at Macao, & adjacent [page torn]
+10 Skins of Birds from d. o -- d. o
+
1 D. o of Bat -- d. o – d. o
+
1 D. o of a “Performing Shrew–
4 Jars of Flower Seeds (For: The Cam: Mus: Phi: Soc:)
+(1 D. o. d. o.for Bottisham.)
(1 Paper d. o. for D. o.)
1 Jar of Tin Ore, from Lingin B. n(?) Malay Peninsula
50 Geological Spec. s from Macao.
2 Shells.
+1 Piece of Rice Paper Pith.
+8 “Chinchew Lichees” (Fruit.)
+
+ Memorandum.
+
I am told that by presenting the Inventory at the Treasury, this Case may be obtained (without being opened) by a Treasury Order: I have therefore been very precise in the details – that the Proper Authorities may be satisfied that the Package contains solely Spec. ns of Nat: Hist. y G.H.V.–
Mr S. W. Henslow
+Harper (?) St
+No 8 Queen Sq
+This letter to be sent to Cambridge with the box & the exp and account of the expences to be sent to M r H as above
Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I know not how I came to omit the 2nd Copy – which I now enclose – My + super-busy time is at hand, as I go to Cambridge on Monday for 5 nights + in the week for the next 5 weeks to deliver my Lectures– To meet our new + arrangements I have been preparing a large stock of illustrations by + which I hope to facilitate the study and work [of those?] as may choose to take it + up.
+Very sincerely yours
+J. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I enclose the Programme of our Hort. Soc. Meeting yesterday – The show up + to the distributions of prizes was formidably fine weather – but the day + wound up with heavy rain– which however was not of so much consequence + to those (196) who were seated under a booth at tea – we had a capital + exhibition of Wheat, Potatoes &c– Also 14 out of 17 exhibited for + Barnes’ Dahlia very well grown flowers– & some of the best asters + (the judges said) they had ever seen in a Village or at many Hort. shows + – I was obliged by the weather to postpone my little lecture–
+Yrs very truly
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+What glorious weather – I hope for the like on the 28th. We never had so + good a show, so well attended (300 at tea) or a more orderly party as + last week. My angry opponent has found himself compelled to break his + pledge, as he could not find hands enough for his hay-harvest without it + – & moreover somewhat more considerate than heretofore – I hope + & trust I shall find I have not been a bit too severe, & that he + will see matters in a right light before long – I wish you could take + part with us on the 20th– I can give you house room–
+Yrs very truly
+J. S. Henslow
+P. S. My young Botanists acquitted themselves most admirably–
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I hope to be all day at Kew on the 22nd– if you could bring your party + then I might be of some little service to you – for would you like me to + give you a letter to Dr W. Hooker who might not be able to attend to you + himself but could put you under the guidance of some intelligent person + in the garden so as to secure your seeing what was most worthy your + attention? My son in law Dr Hooker is so much engaged that I cannot ask + him to go round with you – but I am sure my daughter will be happy to + see you & render any assistance – they are however going to + Switzerland in August–
+Yours very truly
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I am here teaching from Monday to Saturday at present. I am happy to say + I have heard nothing of late adverse to our allotments, but much the + contrary
+Yours every truly
+J. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Thanks for your last – I send this* not to beg – because I restrict such + efforts to my parish Landlords – I can’t say with over-much success – + Possibly our [illeg.] may suggest something suitable elsewhere–
+Yours every truly
+J. S. Henslow
+* as I find this (viz a Sermon) can be sent more advisedly with a List of + plants as a 1d parcel, it will travel by same post apart & should be + that not this
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I most cordially agree in the sentiments expressed in the account you + have just forwarded – & for which I beg to thank you. The statement + you noticed in the G. Chronicle is not overaccurate (as you may have + observed) – My little girls don’t pretend to describe minutely – but + some of them are well acquainted with very nearly all the Hitcham wild + flowers – & can pretty readily refer garden plants to + such Natural orders as they have learnt & recognize among the wild + plants – You would have enjoyed seeing them on Friday exploring the + margins of a large field in Brettenham Park where we spent the afternoon + & added 2 species to our Flora – winding up the day with a + Bread & Cheese Jam & Cake, Lemonade & Raspberry Vinegar + & bidding good bye to the solitary woods & glen with a few songs + & hymns–
+I am truly sorry I had no opportunity for calling in my short visit to + Sir B. Brodie – I did not know till just as I left London that I was to + pass near Reigate, & on conferring with Sir B. I found I could not + continue to call– I was pressed for time & had to get home next day + – If ever I revisit him, I shall hope to arrange better
+Believe me
+very truly yours
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I ought to have kept up our crossfire of printed documents by finding + this earlier– but I have had so much to do I forgot it – All went off (I + may say improvingly well) – experience has now convinced me that my plan + of lecturetting to mixed audiences is far preferable to delivering a + formal lecture on one subject – at least upon certain occasions. Many + thanks for your communications – the reason why I manage things cheaper + than you is because I have scarcely any to assist me in a pecuniary way – + & if I launched into expensive habits we should all run aground + & our excursions & fetes be brought to a sudden stand-still – as + it is I fear I spend rather more money & time in these matters than + I ought – but I am satisfied they do good
+Believe me
+very truly yours
+J. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I am much obliged by your last batch of notices – all useful in affording + hints, whether applicable to such a parish as this or not – we had been + doing something in the way of Rice – & have had 1½ Tons to sell at + 1d per lb. Besides 500 herrings, & 1 lb of coarse sugar, to sweeten + the rice to the Children – I find the Rice has made great progress in + the affections of most of the people – Our plan was to allow such + families as had 2 or more children under 14 years, to purchase 10lb for + each child – & those that had 3 or more to purchase (in + addition either 5lb of flour or 7lb more rice for 1d – the latter + receiving their quota in 2 deliveries (of which one will take place + tomorrow) – & I find that more than half of those who preferred to + take the addition in flour last time now prefer to take all in rice – in + fact very few stick to the flour. On Tuesday I finish the course of 4 + lectures I have been giving at Ipswich this winter, in reference to a + series of illustrations I am preparing for the Museum, & I send you + a few newspaper strips of the notices of these illustrations, which have + already appeared – I have sketched out a plan for an epitome of Natural + History, in a series of typical objects (specimens, models & + figures) which range on the floor of the Museum; & from these + references one made to others in the cases round the room – [letter + cut] – notice I send you a copy I have retained for myself & you + can return it – but possibly the enclosed [one may be?], to show you the + plan – My object is to make people (who visit a museum) think about, + & not merely gape at the objects they see there – I have had rather + too many Irons in the fire for a man now 58, & for the first time in + my life, my constitution has given me warning that I am getting old – + about 3 months ago a pain in my chest made my medical attendant + apprehensive that I might have some organic affections of the head; but + he & Dr Billing (who examined me) now think it arose from dyspepsia + – I can now walk about freely again; instead of going to bed at 1, I get + there as soon after 10 as I can – live a little more freely – & + clothe myself more warmly – I trust with a little less work than + heretofore I shall before long find myself re-established – indeed I + have only slight traces of the affections left – I accidentally saw Mr + [Sand?] in the train to Ipswich yesterday I was concerned to hear from him + that the son who was with you is seriously ill at home
+Believe me
+very truly yours
+J. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Events connected with the death of my Aunt and then of my poor Father + have prevented my saying any thing this year about my parish affairs, + & I am now giving 4 lectures at Cambridge for the next 5 weeks– On + my return I hope to say a few words about our allotments. I find as long + as I am cautious in my diet & not overworking myself I feel well + enough – but if I foolishly forget my luncheon & then eat a heavy + dinner after a busy work my heart intermits & reminds me I am no + longer equal to such things. I presume you know your friend young Maud + is dead. I met him on the railway only a few days before he died + returning from his Fathers
+Believe me
+very truly yours
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I am afraid that I give you a great deal of trouble in sending you the first fruits of my labours in Scotland; I am just commencing to collect, & have sent you a package which I find very inconvenient to carry with my knapsack, but which I carry fear is hardly worth the carriage to Cambridge; you must not pay the slightest attention to the names I have marked down, many of wch are by guess not always having had a book with me. I wish you would dry them & poison them & if any suit you take what you like. Nothing scarcely is out here, the summer being just in its commencement, the snow not off the mountains & when Gwatkin wanted a pudding yesterday the gooseberry trees were not out of flower. However at present we have spent our time very pleasantly & have enjoyed the scenery very much. Gwatkin is quite a geologist, & discovered a great deal of coal & bituminous matter on the top of Calton Hill in Edinburgh, & it was not until we had framed our hypothesis that we discovered that it was part of the ruin of the bonfire & tar barrel at the king’s last visit to Scotland. I will be much obliged to you to write me word of the arrival or non arrival of the plants, & also any Cambridge news which you have to communicate, & let it be in the post office at Glasgow by the first of July under which expectation I drink your health in Atholl Brose.
Your sincere friend | R.Twopeny
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+JSH writes semi-critically regarding Baxter’s failure to respond to a previous letter requesting ‘3 more complete sets’ and asking about payment.
+Did not charity forbid it, I might begin to entertain evil surmises against our Postmaster – for I wrote to you in Oct r. Last, & as I post paid the letter I can only hope that no blame rests with him in not having forwarded it– Perhaps your many employments have prevented you from complying with my wishes, for I feel confident that you are too thoroughly imbued with a sense of the beneficial effects arising from our common pursuit not to forward, as much as you can, the views of those who are just entering upon it– If therefore you can possibly spare the time to prepare what I requested of you, you will have the satisfaction of knowing that it will not be mis-spent. How much we ought to thank God, during our pilgrimage on earth, for allowing us, as he does, to reap the solid enjoyments which the contemplation of his good creation affords us. Compare these pure delights with the trumpery pleasures of the carnal mind, & we shall be at no loss to comprehend the nature of “that light which lighteth every man that cometh into the world”. How silly & how sinful should we (who have tasted these benefits), become, if ever we were to suffer the gross pleasures of the world, or the diseased fancies of melancholy men to wrest them from us. To all such we have the ready answer which S t Paul teaches us to apply “no man ever yet hated his own flesh, but loveth it & cherisheth it as Christ the church” We then who have found if it good for our flesh to admire the Creator of all things thro’ his wonderous works, should not neglect our calling, our happy callings, of speaking of those works to others– I don’t say this under the idea that you are willfully neglecting my request, but to stir you up by way of remembrance that next to [hole in page] daily prayers, you have a more [hole in page] means of entering [hole in page] the rest, which all true believers enjoy, than by seeking diligently to transfer some portion of that happiness which you profess yourself with the hearts & minds of others. I shan’t pay this letter lest (as such Accidents will sometimes occur) it should be the means of stopping its progress – but I heartily hope no one is to blame for the miscarriage of the last – & you will therefore oblige me by letting me know immediately whether you ever received it– If you did not I will write to the General post office – but if you did, pray don’t let my long sermon interfere with you necessary duties, to hurry you in the preparation of the collections – By the Bye, if you did not receive my last – you won’t know that I requested to know how I ed pay you for my own & to request you w d prepare 3 more complete sets
Y r. Truly | J. S. Henslow
Mr Baxter | Botanic Garden | Oxford
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I send you a Programme of an Excursion which came off yesterday – the + best (I think) & most satisfactory we have yet had, though I have no + cause to complain of former years – we were 280, & I could easily + have more than doubled the numbers, if I had thought first – from my own + & neighbouring parishes but I only admitted about 30 from the latter + – I did not meet with a single unpleasant circumstance & was glad to + see an unusually large attendance of Farmers – They all seemed perfectly + delighted with the days work – & I feel a little weary, but not at + all otherwise the worse, for a hard day, including the ascent of King’s + Coll Chapel, with about ¾ of the party! We overflowed Downing Hall & + filled the Combination room into the bargain
+Very Truly Yours
+J.S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I must thank you for the 2 papers – the accounts in which have much + interested me – but positions [opportunities?] are very different in regard + to those we try to aid – but these mutual [hints?] suggest thoughts which + each may turn to his advantage in the common cause – I dare say there are + many who will say my alluding to Dicotyledons is overdoing the thing – + but in drawing up Programmes I have respect for all classes as well the + uninstructed among the educated , as the non-educated. – True for one, + true for another – The terms in which great generalizations are conveyed + ought to become household words – I have separately asked 3 of the 4 + little Botanists of my School, whom I took to Cambridge, what they liked + best – & each replied – they could not tell, as every thing was so + interesting – on asking what would you wish to see again, if I said I + could take you see only one of the objects you saw – they each + immediately said the “Botanic Garden”, & in a way that convinced me + this was their preference – acquainted as they are with the grouping of + our wild flowers they readily understood the merits of our classifying + all plants into natural groups, & could appreciate what they saw in + the Garden more than they could of the architecture of the buildings + however striking – I have been interested in hearing what different + parties preferred – the Pork-butcher exceedingly admired the buildings, + but his chief preference was the anatomical museum, & the wax models + of subjects under dissection! Several mistook these for real subjects, + & one asked if one was wax, or a newly killed [letter cut]
+[illegible]
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I am much obliged by the 6 Cards you have sent me which I will put + forward; & insert the 1st Prize Man for “superior cultivation of + allotments” – as 3 of them, for the last 3 years, reserving the other + for the 3 years to come – please God I am alive to fill them up. The + cards for the Ploughing Matches I have had framed in a circular black + frame.
+Thanks for the engravings which will find their way into one of my Scrap + books–
+Yours very sincerely
+J. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+The cats & dogs descending from the Clouds today have compelled us to + postpone the festivities alluded to in the enclosed Programme till + tomorrow when I hope to see about 300 of our Soc.y cramming bread & + butter & Cake to the extent of their capabilities – I am sorry to + hear you have given up your Cottage Garden – ours seems to increase in + favour, & I have several applicants I can’t supply – But you beat us + hollow in School support – I don’t expect 50s (where I have asked for + 50£) beyond the circle of my own family – we have now a capital + Schoolmistress & for our [illegible] one, I think getting on well
+Yours truly
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I am very much obliged by your kind attention. The enclosed will need the + following explanations – The 3 sermons were finished under the idea that + they might direct attention a little more specially than on ordinary + occasions – & perhaps reach some who never come to church. You must + not view them as laboured productions – the parish papers refer to my + method of carrying on such schemes rather by printed information than by + personal importunities, which I very greatly object to – to say nothing + of the loss of time incurred by running from house to house & + feeling like “a busy-body”. The scraps from the Bury Post are a series + of letters in which I am still engaged (wanting No.1. of which I have no + copy & which referred to our Farmers having had 17 ploughmen in the + field this year & 20 of us dining together afterwards; a practice I + recommended to every village in Suffolk) – Those letters I intended for + purposes of agitation – to provoke a little preliminary enquiry into + matters referred to, before we come together next month to form a + Labourers Friend Socty. of which notice was given in the papers that it + was Sir Henry Bunbury’s intention to call us together – I am afraid that + the books named in my lending library list, are not all such as I wish + they were – but they were such as I happened to have – I have not sent + samples of tickets for Clubs on as you can easily understand what they + must be – Pray excuse this hurried note
+Yrs very truly
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Leaving Hitcham for the Liverpool meeting of the British Association on + the day after our little Village fête – & having back work to attend + to on my return, together with the fulfillment of an engagement to + assist with specimens & voice at another Village Show a few miles + off, during the past week – & now having come here to deposit my 2nd + son in his quarters at Christs Coll, I have been somewhat tardy in + acknowledging the receipt of pretty border to a Ticket of Merit you were + so good as to send me – I have unluckily ordered (before I got it) + something of the sort as I should have asked you whether I could not + purchase some of these – I think the pasteboard rather too thin – (the + specimen was crumpled & spoilt for use) & I rather fear the + colours wd fade in our smoky cottages– I mean to distribute more than + one annually for “superior allotment culture” – I have a neat plate + (wood cut) of a baptismal service with a certificate of baptism + appended, which finds its way into the cottages, & some have several + on their walls– also a plate for our Playing match society – of which one + man has 5 on his walls – but the apathy of the farmers has allowed this + encouraging practice to fail for the last 2 years – tho’ I think it + likely it may revive with a little fresh blood lately imported – I think + you have seen these 2 plates – The proposed additions to them will, I + believe, be approved by the Labourers – it is no use asking for the + approbation of the Farmers who are mostly wonderfully apathetic (not to + say envious) about anything done to encourage their Labourers – but all + this you know well enough – Thanks for the Report which I will read as + soon as I get home & see if I can’t gather a hint or two from + it
+Believe me
+very truly yours
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I am much obliged by your communications – The interchange of our Ideas + on such subjects cannot but have its uses, where we understand each + other’s motives – your field is much larger than mine as you will see by + the enclosed account (which I print annually) for the use of the parish + – as I think it tends to inspire an interest among some who would not + otherwise be brought to understand the truth of its being “more blessed + to give than to receive”. When I get home (after my lectures are over + here) I shall probably make more extracts from the address of your + Committee, & print them for the use of my own parish in some future + statement of the account or other early occasion that may offer + itself.
+Believe me
+very sincerely yrs
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have only just returned from fetching Mrs H. from London. I had not time + before leaving home to write – I see that J. H. Brewer’s work is out – I + mentioned my wish to subscribe to it. If he will be so good to forward + my copy by post & let me know the expence of work & postage I + will send him a P. O. order.
+Many thanks for your good address to the Members of the Reigate Mec. + Inst– I am glad to see how much we agree, of on the advantages that are + likely to accrue from the study of Nat. history – I carried over to + Ipswich last Tuesday my head botanist (just 14 yr old) to be examined + for a pupil teachership – & when we got there she said she had seen + (by the roadside 3 plants she had never found in Hitcham – I told her to + stop me as we returned & point them out – which true enough she did, + & got out of the chaise & gathered them – & told me their + Orders tho’ she was of course ignorant of their names – you have + probably seen that I am sending a series of articles to the G.C. on the + plan I have pursued in giving our Village Children a little insight into + Botany. A friend 8 miles off [had/has?] taken it up also – & I have + proposed that we bring our respective botanists acquainted by an + interchange of visits & so have a Village botanical match at each + others habitats
+Yrs very truly
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I will forward my annual Report on our Allotments next week. You will + find an experiment detailed which will probably interest you. I am glad + to see how steadily you keep up the Ball at Reigate–
+Yours very truly,
+J. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+It is very kind of you to offer me your aid – but I must decline it – I + am rather over-societed already, & my pocket is not unfathomable as + regards expense, or my time sufficiently charged with leisure to allow + of my running up to town for a lecture at Soc. of Arts – I was at Dr + Royle’s lecture on E.I. fibres hoping to learn, rather than presuming to + teach on such a subject, & I saw a new machine for extracting fibre + from the leaf of Plantains & other Monocotyledons – Altho’ I + exhibited a large assortment of fibres &c for a Country town – my + stock would have seemed comparatively insignificant besides by the side + of Dr Royle’s – If I lived in or near London I should belong to all such + societies but I have always resisted invitations to join the Athenaeum, + & pay for an F. R. S. to my name – & content myself with + Geological & Linnean, as far as the Metropoles is concerned; & + with the Phil. Soc. in Cambridge – This allows me to concentrate a little + more cash & energy to our local institutions – & especially to + the Museum at Ipswich of which I am president & consequently bound + to do all I can in supporting its interests. What with two journeys to + visit paper mills, one in Surrey & the other in Herts & procuring + & preparing specimens & diagrams of my last lecture cost me in + money & time rather more than I like to think of – I can assure you + it is from no desire to shun work that I decline your proposal – but I + am already taxed as far as prudence allows in respect of health, if + nothing else – I have to lecture at Bury on 10th March, & to examine + at Cambridge during that month – so I have enough to think about at + present
+We are sadly afflicted in the parish with a low typhus – & I have + just returned from burying a stout hale man of 40 who died on Sunday, + leaving a widow & 2 children dangerously ill – I hardly think that + one, a lad of 14, will recover, but the other, a nice little girl of + about 10, seems to have turned the corner after 3 or 4 weeks illness, + & is smiling again – The widow was an old servant of ours, & lost + 2 children last winter from Measles & Whooping Cough – Luckily her + eldest daughter is in Cambridge with her Grandfather, or she also would + now probably have taken the fever – It has been brought this year into + the parish from Stowmarket, as it was (without any doubt) last year from + Monk’s Eleigh – It is strange how completely it prostrates a family + & lingers among them when it once gets hold of them
+Believe me
+very truly yours
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I fear you will think me a most thankless dog for having been so long of acknowledging your very obliging letter of the 25 Dec Nov r
+ r, which I received on the 31 st Dec r. with the accompanying most acceptable collection of specimens- I was amiss from sending a base acknowledgement of such kindness, & have been accumulating a package for you which I have not yet had an opportunity of sending. I did not forget your wish to have a specimen of our Nepenthes but dried one several months ago, & as it afterwards produced its male blossoms I also dried a spike which shall accompany the pitcher – The female plant has also blossomed again, & I hope to be able to send you a portion of the female spike– You are good enough to bid me ask for duplicates of any of the specimens which you sent to me, but my conscience will not permit me to do this. I feel infinitely obliged to you for such as you have sent to me.–
I am not sorry to hear that you were done with your Proctorship before the late Row, when the Proctors authority seems to have been but indifferently attended to. The duties of the office must have been sufficiently unpleasant to you, & therefore I congratulate you that they have ceased.
+Last year you were prevented from coming to Scotland after having more than half promised it.– May I hope that you contemplate it this season. My trip was so very successful last season that I mean to visit the same ground again– We added to the British flora Carex Vahlii, to the Scotch Car Saxifraga caespitosa, & found a profusion of Phleum Polytrichum alpinum in fruit, not above three imperfect specimens of the fruit were, I believe, ever found in Britain before– Phleum alpinum I never pressed but two specimens of before, but there we found many.– I had only one specimen of Carex Vahlii, but next year I hope to obtain duplicates when you shall not be forgotten. But my dear Sir if you knew how much pleasure it would give me if you would come & gather them yourself, I think your benevolence would bring you to Edin. r before the 1 st of August– do pray think of this–
May I beg that you will have the kindness to order half a ream of Chalk paper such as I had from you last year, to be sent, as then, to Mr Hunneman of Queen S t Soho Square. Will you also have the goodness to desire a discharged Bill to be sent to Mr Hunneman along with the paper. I have instructed him to pay it–
Oblige me by remembering me to Mrs. Henslow & believe me
+My Dear Sir | Yours most truly | Robert Graham
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+For the last 3 or 4 years I have had a Curate, & have not found it + necessary to return home for Sunday duty as I used to do when lecturing + here – Your letter has therefore been a little round & I find it on + my return at 9.0. clk from a botanical excursion (rather a rainy one) + with 25 of my class who accompanied me to Gamlingay 15 miles from Camb. + We have had an agreeable day spite of the rain – Your Club are quite + mistaken in supposing the diagrams are intended exclusively for Lectures + – They are expressly adapted for Students– tho’ serviceable also in the + lecture room – I send you a notice I circulated in the Colleges, & I + find they have been procured by some of them, expressly for the use of + the students – I know the Master of St Peters has procured one set to be + hung up for the students of that College, & another set for his own + study, & he assures me he finds them of great service – The Tutor of + Trinity (Mr Mathison) has done the same in procuring one set for access + by students & another for his own use – & I know other cases. + The matter printed on the sides of the diagrams would be of no use in a + Lecture room, but is intended for private inspection & study. + Whoever will master this, will find himself in possession of the more + important terms & their application, & be able to proceed + merrily afterwards.
+Believe me
+very truly yours
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I am much obliged by your act. of Mr Luxford– & for his flora of + Reigate – Such accounts are extremely useful – I have just received No. + 1 of a similar one for Hertfordshire – I am writing & printing a + Syllabus as my Lectures proceed, & will send you a copy for yourself + & for him when complete – I find no one in Cambridge inclined to + sign our memorial to Ld. Jn. unless the plan proposed for the new + examinations sd. be rejected next term – when several will be ready to + do so – I have not yet encountered any of our very determined opponents + – but had a long talk with our Vice Chancellor on the subject. There are + now 224 signatures & many more are expected to be added (I find) + after the Meeting projected for the 27th.
+Yours very truly
+J. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have not thanked you for a paper with the act. of the Medical Meeting – + Poor Law Boards underpay my professions quite as badly as they do yours + – We have now considerable difficulty in procuring a chaplain, & it + is only by taking a cure in addition that any one can be induced to + offer his services – I found the enclosed as a specimen of the return + invite we have received – & are hoping to meet in a proper + manner
+Yours very truly
+J. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Having taken my usual course of addressing my Parish in print I send you + the enclosed– I liked the pamphlet & Lesson you sent very much & + stitched them up with 2 of the Nos. of the Cottage Gardener which I + circulate among a few of my reading parishioners – of which there are + not many below Farmers – & even some of these do not know their + letters – I wish I had authority enough (like your Clerical + acquaintance) to make some of them ashamed of doing wrong – but I do + think we have improved – I have an omnibus to send for old folks on a + Sunday, but often send my man with our luggage cart for invalids & + aged on Sacrament Sunday,
+Yours truly
+J. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I am much obliged by the Mem. sent – I am to meet our Labourers at 8.P.M. + on Monday – after our usual Tea & Coffee of the Benefit Club + Quarterly Meeting. I hear that some of the Farmers won’t allow their men + to take on allotments – but I don’t expect it will deter very many. Most + of our 40 or 50 occupiers are very ignorant men – some were labourers + themselves & are jealous of those from whose ranks they rose – a + common vice in vulgar minds. You have set me up with Hop blights for I + received a copy the day before from the Author himself, with 2 former + lectures. He mentions an intention of lecturing on Wheat Blights so I + sent him specimens of all I have named in my Report. I have not yet been + able to look into his books – as I am busy preparing a few diagrams + & looking out some fossils for a lecture to the Hadleigh Club next + Friday on our Tertiary Shales.
+Believe me
+very truly yours
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I thought I had sent you my last letter (the enclosed) with the others – + you may perhaps have seen the kind of ridicule which the Reporter of the + Times has cast upon it – I shall in very few words allude to it in the + Gardeners Chronicle – Thanks for the Book, which I will look at with + attention – I am quite sensible of the imputations to which I lay myself + open in so often alluding to those principles by which we are desired to + guide ourselves in every thing we do. But you will understand me when I + say that I have had far more the conditions of the Gentry than the + conditions of the poor in my eye in the communications I have made – If + some of these principles were a little more wrought into their hearts I + should have no fear about the conditions of the Poor. If the Gentry + would interfere, the Farmer must follow, & thus all would be well. + To say this directly would be as unpalatable as the Income Tax – But if + something can be done indirectly in this way for the present, we may + hope to see the time arise when more direct appeal will not be scoffed + at – Thanks for your card of sympathy &
+Believe me
+very truly yours
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+A few well wishers to the Ipswich Museum have determined to have a + portrait of the indefatigable Mr. G. Ransome in lithograph by Maguire – + & he (the artist) has succeeded to perfection – Mr Lovell Reeve has + undertaken to issue copies to subscribers of [illegible] & the + surplus to be handed over to a Museum which is so well deserving of all + encouragement – I have thought that possibly you might like to become a + subscriber – but I am not well aware how far you are acquainted with the + very great merit of Mr R.
+I have just been to look at our allotment land under process of draining + previous to being parcelled out – & am glad to find the job ably + executed & very nearly finished – I was at Ipswich on Thursday + giving them a lecture & was glad to find Mr Ransome looking well + again – for he had been very seriously out of sorts from over-work
+Believe me
+Very truly yours
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I shall read your Lecture with much interest – I had not (so far as I + remember) seen it before – Thanks for your prompt reply to my letter
+Very truly yours
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I begged Whewell to take your or my Cantab that I never received any part of. Some for you but shd have no objection to have a copy - but it is of no consequence to me if you have not plenty.
+I am glad you like v. 2. but did you not see the sheet in which is the blunder about Lenticula marina (which Brown tells me is Fucus natans) don't give it unnecessary publicity as it shall be corrected in a future edn.
Babbage & I spent a morning over yr dike Plas Newydd & I think he will write on experiments which might be made by heat a la Hall
+very truly yrs
+Cha Lyell
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Is there a probability of the box referred to in the enclosed containing the Birds you were so kind as to offer me when I was in Cambridge. If so would you be so good as to drop the Station Master a line and say so. I suspect you may have put Norfolk instead of Suffolk on the address for he addresses me as at Hitcham, Norfolk. I have written to him to say I so often receive packets of Natural History Specimens that I suspect this mysterious Box may contain some - & have advised his forwarding it to the station at Hadleigh Suffolk.
I have begun a successful campaign with my Village Botanists who are more eager than ever. I had 43 volunteers out yesterday.
+Yrs very truly
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have requested by Banker here to place the sum of one Guinea & a half to your account At Mess re Walker, Lock & Co. Oxford – so that whenever you choose to send for It there, you will find it – this I believe is all that I am indebted to you, but if I have made any mistake I beg you will be so good as to let me know, I will immediately rectify it– I feel exceedingly obliged by the kindness you have shewn in forwarding the only copy you had left & have lodged it in the hands of a person who will properly appreciate it I feel still more obliged for the good part in which you have taken my remarks upon what I conceive to be the duties of our peculiar vocation– for though I could have no right whatever to offer them to you, yet as my pen had once begun I found I could not stop myself until it had finished. I sincerely hope that God will soon restore you again to the best interests of society that of promoting the knowledge & happiness of all around us – As our means are the greater & our opportunities increase, so to our temptations also to lose sight of them – & the carnal nature is perpetually enticing us to take disgust at something or other which we see in contradiction to our views and wishes, but by perpetually denying our own [one word illeg.] for the General good, & daily begging of God to allow us not be influenced either by good report or by evil report, we can (by patience & the knowledge of our redeemed [hole in paper] learn gradually to live a life of [hole in paper] from such silly motives as continue to influence those who take the word for their model, or men like themselves for their guide. We can even at length feel no disgust at whatever malice, or ill nature may continue against us & become as really delighted at being able to serve an enemy as a friend– at least I mean in spirit & peace of conscience, for of course the carnal friendships we may form are above our control, & it w d be equally sinful to be without such natural affections as to abuse the blessing of enjoying them to the prejudice of one above another
Y rs truly | J. S. Henslow
Post Paid | Mr Baxter | Botanic Garden | Oxford
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+How very kind of you thinking of my Village Shows. The Birds & odds & ends will be most acceptable. They had better be addressed to me to the care of Mr Hardacre Bookseller Hadleigh Suffolk.
I began my lectures today & remain here for 5 weeks. It so happens I am writing to Mr Hardacre, & will tell him to send word to my Gardener who will go over to Hadleigh for them. I send you by this post a paper of our Hort proceedings & a little tract just out upon Village School Botany
+Believe me
+Very sincerely Yrs
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have no desire to set a different estimate upon my labours from that which other contributors may set upon theirs - but I have a very great objection to leaving such matters ill defined.
+We are nearly strangers to each other, & to avoid everything like a misunderstanding, in future, some precise form of engagement seems to me necessary. As this does not appear to be your wish I can only regret that I have said any thing which may have induced you to look to me for co-operation. I mentioned to Prof Miller as much of your intentions as I was acquainted with - but he told me at once that he should decline your offer. I suspect he does not consider the French Gentleman named in your Prospectus sufficiently acquainted with higher branches of Crystallography - but perhaps I have no right to say this. I could not answer your letter yesterday, as it was put into my hands only a few minutes before I left Cambridge. Believe me
+very faithfully Yrs
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+If Jukes wishes to be really useful in Botany, he must take a few practical lessons in drying plants from some botanist. Merely writing to him will do no good, as I have experienced on more occasions than one. When he knows how to dry let him collect good specimens of every thing he can lay his hands upon in flower & fruit - & carefully label the localities of each. This is really the sum total of my advice to all the uninitiated. A week's practice under the superintendence of Lindley, Dr Lemann, Bennett, or any London Botanist will convert him into a Good Herbalist - & all the rest must be left till he returns & consigns his [illegible] to some one more diligent & more capable of making use of them than I & most other Botanists in England. I hardly know anyone at the present moment who would undertake their descriptions unless it were Arnott, the rejected of Glasgow - or Bentham - other people are either too old, or have their hands full of a variety of employment. On the Continent he would find plenty of men, where a man can have his time to himself for one employment only - no doubt his plants would be very interesting, & I should be very glad of a share for our Herbarium - where they may repose for general use & reference in the year 2573
Ever Yrs truly
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Dr Henry of Princeton informs me that he had forwarded to your care a small packet for me. I would thank you to send it to my Brother's chambers.
+S. W. Henslow Esqe
+13 Clements Inn
+London
+Yr obedient Servt
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I hear you are to be at Ipswich this week. Can you come back here with me on the Friday 14th after the meeting? I am expecting Sedgwick & L. Reeve - & have written to ask Owen & Forbes. Dr Wallich was coming but is too unwell to leave home. As I can accommodate five perhaps we may pick up another at Ipswich, & have a good chat or even a growl if he should be a Red Lion
+Ever truly Yrs
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have had great pleasure in signing a testimonial in company 5 others here. We were about to draw up one when this arrived from Gray - with every wish for your success believe me,
+Very sincerely Yrs
+J. S. Henslow
+I return home tomorrow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I am here at present lecturing. I have heard nothing from Mr Fitch & I fear I have no time for looking after the find but hope to see it when secured. The No. you allude to is probably at Webbs at present - but I shall receive it in due course
Yrs very truly
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Will you be so good as to correct an omission in the Hitcham List. Above chenopodianths should be inserted
+Sect. 4. Incomplete
+which escaped notice in looking over the proof.
+Bentham expressly intended his book for beginners, & others who are not likely to become profound in Botany. I have become so thoroughly satisfied of the great advantage of introducing Botany into Village School - that I devote every Monday to the subject - & I think if you were some day to favour me with a visit you would see at once how useful it can be made. I will send by this post a document or two which will show you the manner in which attempt to work it in with other subjects. On Tuesday (if fine) all hands (about 3 doz. volunteers) will turn into our wood, & thoroughly search it. If every Village in England had a battery of sharp eyes what an accumulation to be digested for the Cybele! You would find it difficult to puzzle my chief pupil Teacher in regard to the name & classification of a Hitcham species - & she would tell you the Order of most of our common garden plants - in to the bargain. It is in School work that I expect Bentham's book will ultimately prove most useful. But when shall we have School work in Botany?
We had a famous day for our Hort. Show on Wednesday. The produce better than I ever saw it before. It has been continually improving. Nearly 300 of the peasants sat down to tea & more peaceable & well behaved set it is hardly possible to meet with.
+Yrs very truly
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Having projected a New Edition of "Miller's Gardeners Dictionary" as announced in the accompanying prospectus; I am desirous improving it, of having the assistance of those writers most current for their knowledge in the various subjects which my plan embraces. With this view I take the liberty of addressing you; and beg to know if your engagements will prevent you to favour me with an article upon your experiments in "Crossing" or any other includes in our plan which may have attracted your attention.
+I may add for your information that the work will be got up and printed in a very superior style, and with illustrations of first rate character, Among the Gentlemen who have already promised their assistance Mr George Sinclair will write the articles upon planting trees & the grasses; Mr Hayward some portion of the [missing text] Professor Renner will furnish the Botanical part and act as general Editor of the whole, & Mr Main of Chelsea the Kitchen & Fruit gardening I am also in communication with many other writers of great practical knowledge and I entertain no doubt of being able through these means to produce the most complete Body of practical information of these very interesting subjects which have yet appeared.
+I do not presume to influence you by the offer of remuneration for any articles you may furnish but the "labourer is worthy of his hire" under all circumstances and you may name your own terms.
+I have the honour to be
+Sir
+Yr very obt hble Servant
+William Orr
+[Notice of publication appended]
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have yours of the 9th enclosing a paper and plate of Cacteae for which you have our best thanks. I fear that it is I who have to apologise not you for silence & inattention, you may recollect that I have not answered your former letter & on looking over the accounts of its Mag last week I saw that your report of Bristol was [illegible] for, these things will however be corrected. Your paper reached me in Edinh. & thinking it of consequence I put it into number V. So that you will see it immediately, copies of the plate will be forwarded.
Darwin seems to have brought a most interesting & important collection, and we should be happy if we can do justice to some of your Botanical notes. Could Mr Darwin himself not give us some account of the General Nat. Hist. of the Galapagos. There will be abundance of material & I would suppose he has kept notes - a letter from Mr Gould this morning mentions the value of the Zoological departments which he has brought home with him.
+When in Edinh. last week the accounts & prospects of the Magazine were gone into and the result has been that we start a second volume with No. VII & hope by nearly the conclusion of it to be able to say that it can be carried on with some prospect of success. This is first to tell you now that we shall require the assistance of all our Friends to support it, and that how when we have decided on going into a second volume that we shall look most anxiously for help from you and anyone with whom you have influence. We should also like to have any suggestions from you with regard to the plan and general carrying on which may occur to you. I have not yet got the last number of your Transactions and would like much to have an extra copy of Lowe's fishes, anything sent to the care of Highly Booksellers London will find me without much delay. Is Lowe still in Madeira for I heard lately that he had returned? I would write to him for some communications if you can give me his address &c.
Have you seen Hooker's Botanical Miscellany. The plates in it would be a good style if you wish to illustrate any more of Mr Darwin's novelties, a flower and portion of the leaves are coloured wholly coloured plates are heavy and the style I allude to [illegible - page cut] have a half. Your last drawing however will compare well, it is bold & will be characteristic as much perhaps as anything less than a finished plate, & I must say that I like a figure of this kind better than anything which is not highly finished.
A gentleman is with me at this moment who is anxious to have specimens of some of your Cambridgeshire plants & Southern insects. Above you have a few plants and insects of which he has duplicates & would be pleased to exchange, have you anyone who would be so inclined. His Hobby is Entomology & I believe most of the Scotch insects which are sought after by Southern collectors could be sent during the present summer. Forgive this trouble I know many would be glad of the offer, & such a one may occur some day when you least expect it. With my best wishes that you may have leisure to follow your own studies
Believe me
+Sincerely yours
+W. M. Jardine
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Delayed by accident
+Your kind letter just received and the highly gratifying intelligence which it contains oblige me to inflict on your patience the penalty of perusing another dolorous danish letter from me. But you will understand my feelings and you will pardon the intrusion. My sole object is to thank you cordially for all your polite attention, and to assure you, that I will do my best to supply you, in future, with far more acceptable selections of specimens, than that was, which you have so generously and in so gratifying a manner accepted of.
+A laudato lacedari is a subject of honest pride; and I will endeavour to deserve a portion of the good you are pleased to say of my feeble efforts in the cause of Botany. I have not the slightest doubt but the highly respectable missive from your University and the Vice Chancellors letter will be received with the ill. greatest satisfaction by the authorities at the India House.
The idea of printing labels for the Company’s contributions appears to me extremely suitable, and the specimen you have favoured me with in your letter is entirely what I think it ought to be. The Nepenthes’s have not yet been printed, that is to say the sheet (67- th) on which the species will appear. I will however [illeg] a mem d of the precise manner in which they will be recorded on that sheet.
Once more accept of my very best thanks for your polite attention & believe me with the greatest regard
+Dear Sir | Yours very truly | C Wallich
+[P.S.] Most happy should I have been to supply you with a double set of the lithographized list, as I have done in three other instances. But unfortunately my copy is so reduced in number [torn ill.] not do it.
+ +No 2246 Nepenthes Rafflesiana. Jack. Herb 1823
+ +Singapore 1822
+ +2247 Nepenthes ampullacea, Jack. Herb 1823
+ +Singapore 1822
+ +2248 Nepenthes dushellaloma (?) suna (?) - Herb 1823
+ +1 Singapore 1822
+ +2 Sillet
+ +3 HBI
+ +Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I thank you for your present of 15 copies of Mr Darwin's very interesting notices which I hope are the prelude to more detailed & methodical communications. You may have [illegible] that Profs Weiss of Berlin has made out the connection between bones & armour like that of Armadillo & the bones of the Megatherium. They have lately had large importations at Berlin from Buenos Ayres of remains of this animal.
+I send herewith for your acceptance a copy of my [illegible]
+& Remain
+ever Truly Yrs
+W Buckland
+Mr Darwin's fossil forest is a [illegible] to our dirt bed in the Isle of Portland.
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I think your plea about your Curate is a liberal one, & meets with my approbation. You are perhaps aware that, if you reside four months of the year the Bishop has nothing to say about the Curate living in the House when you are absent, which, when our incumbent means to reside as much as he can, though he has an exemption, is always found very inconvenient, but in some cases the Bishop may be compelled to order.
+There is no necessity for you writing to Ld. Melbourne who is just now sufficiently busy to be spared all communications not absolutely necessary.
+I remain
+My dear Sir
+your Faithful Servt.
+J. Ely
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have unfortunately mislaid your Letter received 8 or 10 days ago & in my present hurry & confusion being on the point of leaving London for Southsea I can only reply to what I think I remember of its contents. What I can most distinctly recall relates to Mr Bauer respecting whose circumstances you must have misunderstood me, he has never been in affluence but neither has he been in straitened circumstances. He is now 83 or 4 years of age, extremely weak, subject to spasmodic asthma & quite incapable of continued attention & far less employing his pencil on those subjects which he has already so beautifully illustrated.
+A Volume of his Drawings on the structure and diseases of wheat is in the Botanical Department of the British Museum & of course may be consulted either by yourself or Mr Pusey during my absence. You will find Mr Bennett whom I have apprised of the probability of your calling for that purpose. Mr Bauer has published in the Penny Magazine on Smut & Dustbrand & these papers also it might be worth Mr Pusey's while to consult.
+Excuse this very hasty letter
+& believe me
+My Dear Sir
+very truly Yours
+Robt Brown
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I was very glad to learn from Mr Hutton of Newcastle that you had undertaken jointly with himself to resume the publication of the Fossil Flora. You have my hearty good wishes for its success, & I will cheerfully contribute anything new that falls in my way.
+I sometime since promised Mr Hutton the loan of a very singular & interesting fossil fruit found by myself in Ironstone near Pontypool, Monmouthshire for the purpose of having it engraved for his work; & he requested me at Birmingham the other day, to send it to Town to be placed in your hands for that purpose. As my son Wm. who is Demonstrator of Anatomy at King's College & Curator of the Museum, will return thither in a few days, I will send it up by him; & if you will favour him with a call at the Coll. when you next go to town, he will explain it and place it in your hands, with a few memoranda of mine which may assist you in understanding it. By the aid of the several pieces in to which the ironstone is broken, & a separate piece containing a cast of another specimen of the same both its exterior & interior form may be well studied; it is of an oblong or cylindrical shape, & has a portion of stem from which proceeds the lateral branch to which it is attached, together with whorls of foliage resembling Asterophyllites, the stem being that of Bechera grandis. The fruit or seeds are distinctly seen in the numerous layers transverse to the axis of the cylinder; & on the whole I consider it very interesting, & likely to throw new light upon the genera in question if indeed they differ. When you see it, you will be able to judge for yourself; but I wd. suggest that in addition to such figures of its interior as you may think necessary to give, a restored figure of its exterior shd. be given, exhibited on a plane, to make it intelligible; for you will see that its stem runs through the ironstone so obliquely that it cannot be understood without the aid of a restored figure.
If it forms part of your plan to give better figs. of fossils hitherto figd. from imperfect or bad specs., I could send you a drawing of a very beautiful upper portion of the frond of Neuropteris cordata, having numeric 6 lateral leaflets on each side the rachis, as well as the terminal leaflet. This is from Lebotwood, whence the detached leaflets already figd. were obtained. I could also send you a good specimen of Favularia nodosa, which deserves a better fig. than is already given, which Lindley copied from a rough drawing of mine, avowedly done only to give him an idea, although he said he wd. have the specimen drawn if I wd. send it him up which I did. What Lindley figured as Polyporites Bowmanni, will have to be explained, & in fact expunged from the Foss. Flora, being as I then told him, the scale of one of the Saurian fishes, Holoptychus; probably the operculum or gill cover of H. nobilissimus.
I saw in the Museum of the Phil. Institution at Birm. a fern in coalshale, named as "undescribed & probably in its circinate state". On examining it, this appeared very evident, the main divisions of the frond & also the footstalks of the pinnulae being regularly incurved something in the way here sketched [sketch of frond] though I do not pretend to give more than a general idea from memory. The most remarkable circumstance attending it, was that while these were in process of development, the rachis seemed to be strait & already fully expanded; whereas in recent Ferns the development of the rachis & pinnae is simultaneous. The top however is broken off. If you shd. wish for a drawing, Mr. Icke the very intelligent Curator, wd. probably be able to procure one. I also saw, a few months ago, the rich collection of Mr. W. Anstice * of Madeley, of fossils from the Coalbrook Dale Coalfield, & observed among them several plants that struck me as new; & especially ones like Asterophyllites in which the nerves of the leaves were at right angles midrib [sketch of leaf], thus. I name these matters should you want materials & wish to avail yourself of them. I shall be happy to contribute my mite. Excuse the liberty I take, & believe me to be Dear Sir
Very sincerely Yours
+J. E. Bowman
+I have requested Babington to give you specm. of Cuscuta Epilinum
+* Some of W. Anstice's Fossils are figd. in Buckland's Bridgwr. treat. & in Murchison's splendid "Silurn. System"
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+The best thanks I can give you for your extract from Liebig will I am sure be to say that I have just sent it to the press to improve a reprint of my Elements when touching on cavern deposits. I am much obliged for your pamphlet on Wheat & hope you are getting on with fossil botany.
+My wife joins in kind remembrance to you & Mrs Henslow & believe me
+very faithfully
+Cha Lyell
+Darwin is only going on in the same state
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+In naming to you the necessity I am under of reducing certain superfluities in expenditure, I quite forgot to ask you whether I was in your debt both for Nos. of the Journal & of your own work. I should wish to continue the latter still - perhaps the day may arrive when I shall ask for back Nos. of the Journal - but at present it must be as I said. I have had 5 good copper celts from the cutting at Stowmarket where they fell in with a deep bog which puzzled the engineers for some time - & swallowed up sundry £.sd before they could master it. I hope to be in town about the 1st week in March, & less harrassed than I have been on the 3 last & late occasions. Wire tells me he has started as a bookseller.
+Ever Yrs truly
+J. S. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have read your letter & all the accompanying papers & I have carefully gone over my notes.
+The present result in my mind is decidedly that the matter ought to be submitted to the Secretary of State - which may be done either by a direct application to him or by sending it to me that I may forward it - which I shall certainly do - (perhaps the latter may be the more favourable mode of bringing it under the notice of the Secretary of State).
+I am not immediately prepared to express any opinion on the subject beyond this - that in the present state of the criminal-law every facility ought to be given to the discovery of error & the correction of mistake - in the present instance in the only [text illegible] found to be (however honest) very wrong - the occasion was one of considerable alarm & excitement, & there were other sources of error - in favour of an accused person I think all moral grounds for believing his innocence ought to be considered - on the whole it seems to me that the whole case as it stands ought to be submitted to the [text illegible] authority & judgement of the Secretary of State - & I am willing (nay desirous) of either forwarding a petition to Sir Geofrey or being referred to by him.
+I remain your faithful & obt. servt
+Fred Pollock
+P. S. I may add that the absence of any appearance of violence on the Person of Riches was a favourable circumstance not to be overlooked
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Our main business done today at the meeting of the Professors was writing and signing a letter to the V. C. expressing our willingness to use our best exertions to give effect to the intentions of the [text illegible] as expressed in the Grace of Oct 31." [text illegible] that it would [text illegible] arrangements for lectures and examinations. I suppose you [text illegible] such a letter and I think it important, as do others, that it should be sent. Where shall I send it to you for signature?
+Some modification of the suggestion contained in the draft which I sent you was proposed. I shall probably send you another draft soon. Your suggestions were not overlooked. Let me hear from you soon.
+Yours very truly
+W. Whewell
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Asks whether JSH can send specimens of some of the rarer plants found in the Cambridge region. Invites him to Edinburgh and offers access to duplicates.
+Discusses JSH’s description of the leaves of Malaxis paludosa and states that he made the same description at an earlier date but did not publish it. Casts doubt on the observation that they are parasitic.
Requests British specimens of Malaxis paludosa and offers JSH a Swiss specimen.
I regret much that it is not in my power to accompany my friend Dr. Graham to London this Spring, and to Cambridge en passant, as I had last Spring the pleasure of visiting Oxford with my other friend & Professor Dr. Hooker: but I cannot resist the opportunity of writing you by him, in the hope of some time or other procuring from you a few of the rarer British species of plants that are to be found in your neighbourhood. But I will be frank with you in saying that I have not much to offer you – Scottish plants my friend Graham can give you as well as I can, and of my South of France plants my duplicates are sadly reduced – my principles as a Botanist have always been to give when I can give, and to sow information let who will reap the fruit. Of course then out of about 3½ stone of dried plants I brought from the South of France, Pyrenees, Spain and Switzerland, about four years ago, my stock after serving my own herbarium and about 25 or 30 correspondents or friends has been so much reduced that my plantae rariores have long since vanished whilst my others I am almost ashamed to offer. Pray I know not how to make a selection for you, for perhaps you have all of them already, but if Graham could induce you to visit our modern– (I had almost said Athens but the dismal recollection that we have not half a dozen of Botanists in our whole population bids me refrain from giving that absurd appellation to “Auld Reekie”. I say if Graham can induce you to pay us in the North a visit, nothing would give me greater pleasure than bidding you help yourself out of my duplicates. All I wish in return (and if you don’t wish to gain anything in return – c’en fait rien – you are still welcome to my duplicates) is your assistance to complete my specimens of the British flora. For through want of correspondents in the chalky districts of England, my herb. am is woefully deficient in British specimens of many plants that I have myself gathered on the Continent.
Would a collection of well named mosses or sea-weeds give you any pleasure?
+I observe you have described an old discovery(?) of mine in the leaves of Malaxis paludosa– I and an old friend of mine (Mr. D. Stewart) long since saw the same thing, but I had always suspicions that the appearance was long since described. I cannot at present refer to the work, but that was the only reason why we never published our ideas: indeed what is remarkable that it was these glandular bodies or rather gemmae for they actually give rise to young plants, that made me recognize the species when Mr. Stewart & I discovered it on the Cleish Hills in 1820. Do you find it abundantly? If so I would wish much for a specimen or two for the sake of the locality. Have you found M. Loeselii? I have no British specimens although I could give you a Swiss one– With regard to their being parasitic I have doubts if in the true sense of the word any Orchideous plant is so. That is, I have doubts if any one of the tribe draws its entire nourishment from
But my introductory, and perhaps (but as you please) valedictory letter has drawn too much on your patience so allow me to call myself
+Yours truly | G.A.W. Arnott
+[P.S.] I beg to send you one or two brochures – Of the work I published in 1825 in Paris on the Mosses– and of my memoirs in the Wern. Trans. along with Dr. Grasler– any private copies are long since exhausted– Of my French tour I have no intention at present to publish any word – being heartily tired of the subject.
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I send you my list of desiderata in hopes you may help me to diminish it during the approaching season–
+Y rs. very truly | J S Henslow
On printed pamphlet 3 pp Cambridge, March 25, 1830.
Botanical Museum and Library.
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Yesterday’s Post brought me your Desiderata, & accompanying note: for it, & your kind intentions, accept my cordial thanks.
+Contrary to what I had ventured to hope, I can be of some little use to you:– though many of your wants, are, also, my own. I am surprised to see some of your very near neighbours in the List– such as Artemisia Campestris (most abundant about Thetford) & Caucalis latifolia, which I, once, saw growing on the road from Newmarket to London – about a mile beyond the Devil’s Ditch. It left me with the Herbarium, for York. You appear to be carrying on a very brisk ver-fou, Dear Sir; a circumstance enviable enough. My correspondents are so few, that my zeal is, occasionally, much cooled:– but of all pursuits Dear Botany dispels the gloom of solitude the best. My spirit of communication is fervent; & I agree with you, fully, in thinking that, though it be delightful both to give & to receive, the former is preferable, of the two. I will do my best in your service, & am, really obliged to you for the agreeable engagement you have laid me under. Hooker’s Flora I am anxiously expecting: but can almost lament that some very material Genera will be done by another hand. That hand is, understandably, a very able one, Mr. Borrer: but I think more species will be allowed by him, this w. d have been the case had the hydra of Botany –Ribes– Rosa & Salix been subjected to the sword of the Glasgow Professor, who w. d have cut off some of the heads, instead of granting them a licence to live & multiply. I am far from meaning to disparage Borrer, whom I know & admire, not only as a most accurate Botanist, but as a liberal & kind Friend: all I w. d insinuate, is, that his eyes are so much more acute than my own, that I cannot always follow him in his investigations & decisions.
Have you seen Greville’s Algae Britannicae? I have the Book, but am not Algologist enough to decide upon its merits.
+The nomenclature of Botany has now grown into a very arduous study – I could, almost, as readily learn that, as the 400,000 characters of the Chinese vocabulary. For the rising generation of Botanists, I have no doubt all this will be gain: but Decandolle, Brown & C o have thrown a wet blanket over us, old superannuated chaps, which few of us will be able to exist under. Have you Lycoperdon fornicatum (Geastrum of Greville)? If not, I can send you a good specimen.
Dear Sir,|very truly yours|Ja. s Dalton
[P.S.] Our mutual Friend Macfarlen talks of a trip to old alma mater. I wish he may be able to prevail upon you to try the air of Yorkshire, & the Side-boards of Yorkshire & the Cellars of D o. Mac is as friendly, kind hearted man as exists.–
Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Considering the letter & acceptable packet & plants as a reply to my last communication, I was waiting until I had some fresh specimens to send you, before I troubled [ill.del.] you with another letter. Of the printed list I can send you now or by & by Silene conoidia, Trifolium glomeratum, Ribes nigrum, Teucrium chamaedrys, Ophrys fucifera, Cyperus fuscus, Asplenium lanceolatum, Equisetum fluviatile & Cyperus longus also I can spare: perhaps half a dozen specimens. Can you spare me Arabis turrita, Acorus calamus, Panicum verticillatum, Lathraea Squamaria, Scrophularia vernalis, Barbarea praecox? I am ashamed to name any more, but it is with expectation of your doing the same by me. Cardamine amara, Chrysosplenium alternifolium, Paris & Lathraea are in abundance near me. The species of Chrysosplenium are, I think, very distinct; but you shall judge for yourself. Are you willing to pay carriage for the living plants?
I was delighted with Malaxis paludosa & Tillaea. For these rarities, for all their companions, & for the Catalogue & Papers, accept my sincerest thanks. I have a bad headache with fever, an epidemic amongst us, or I would fill this sheet,
+ever devotedly & very gratefully yours | Gerard Smith
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Has just returned to England from America and been elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society. Acknowledges receipt of money in return for works delivered to JSH.
+Has completed 50 drawings in America as improvements on The Birds of America and asks JSH for help with increasing subscriptions. Comments on animal specimens.
I have now the pleasure of addressing you again from [ill. del. “Old England” the Land of Hospitality and of Science – and at the same time you will allow me to present you my thanks for your continued kind attention whilst I was so far in the Wild Forests of America – our Friend Children has remitted me your letters and the money you remitted for the Numbers of my Work whilst away. – in a few days I will send you No. 16 which would have been delivered a month ago had not Mr Children waited to see me seated at the Royal Society of London, where I was elected a Fellow during my absence.–
Whilst in America I made 50 Drawings; Large, Middle Size, & Small, to replace the same number in my Port Folios with a view to improve upon the old ones; and my Friends at Liverpool, Manchester and Lon having pronounced them superior to any heretofor published & I sincerely hope that they may meet the approbation of my Kind Partners.– Should you come to Town it would give me much pleasure to shew them to you and to shake your friendly hand.–
I have also brought many Skins of Birds &c &c and am pleased to see some of the quadrapus and birds that I shipped from America now at the Zoological Gardens.–
+My principal employment will now be to augment my List of Subscribers, but how I am to proceed to effect this to the extent desired in a thing unknown to me – My Work is going on very regularly and I think improving in point of Engraving & Colouring– I am well aware of the many who possess both Taste and Wealth and could I discern the means of shewing the “Birds of America” to them it is probable that a Portion would wish to possess it. – may I beg your advice?–
+I left America a fast improving country in many respects, but that department of Science to which I am so devotedly attached to, flourishes only in her Great
+ Forests! I have only 5 Subscribers in the whole of the U. States.– The work is admired but the Price is yet much too great for people who have existed as a Nation less than half a century.–
I hope your Family and the Reverend Mr. Jennings (sic) are quite well and happy – permit me to present them my most respectful remembrances and believe me my Dear Sir
+ever Yours much obliged and faithfull|John J Audubon
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Discusses planned trip to the Scottish Highlands with William Jackson Hooker and his hopes to explore in Breadalbane area.
+Responds to JSH’s Salix request list, together with other plant requests, and asks for specimens. Discusses observations of Salix fragilis and Russelliana in the Edinburgh region.
Responds to JSH’s offer of plant specimens. Provides a list of species, stating that it only covers Cambridgeshire deficiencies in his British specimen collection.
+Many thanks for your kind letter of the 7 th April. I expected before this time to have answered it in a more substantial way than by a letter; but for this month past I have been over head and ears among Algae and Salices, and I fear to begin any thing else before I complete my labour, and ere long I must go to Glasgow to work for a short while with my friend Hooker, and go with him to the Highlands: I scarcely intended to have accompanied him this season having too much to do at home but having primed myself on the willows, I wish to explore on the Breadalbane range, and not allow my hardgained knowledge to pass with vapour which certainly would happen if I postponed till another year. But I dare say you will have no objections to a few of our Highland species if I can name them, for I don’t think our friend Graham has any wish to interfere with me on that head. out a catalogue further than by saying that excepting the plants found in Scotland I am extensively deficient in British specimens
Upon looking at your list of desiderata of Salix there are I think a few that I shall be able to give you - and in return I would have no objections to receive a few complete specimens of S. triandra, S. pentandra in fruit, S. fragilis, S. helix, and what you find as S. repens, all of which I see you don't wish to have sent you. With regard to S. fragilis and Russelliana, I almost expect a hoax. What I find about Edinburgh has all narrow leaves and therefore ought to be S. Russelliana. When it grows in a very wet place it is not fragile, but when in a dry place the branches break at the axils at the slightest touch, and all intermediate states of brittleness are to be observed. My observations reduce the species in Smith to about 40! And of these there are several that must have been introduced and are no more strictly indigenous than Mimulus guttatus which is now abundant in many places away from houses.
+ + +Some of your desiderata of other plants I hope to be able to give you but I might do it more easily were foreign specimens to be accepted.
+ +With regard to your kind offer to (supply?) me specimens of such I require to complete my British series, I feel excessively obliged to you. I scarcely know however how to mark out a catalogue, further than by saying that excepting the plants found in Scotland I am extremely deficient in British specimens. A few I may point out: Thalictrum minus in flower and fruit!!! (I suspect the characteristic plant is very different from the Scotch one, which last may be a var. of Th. majus), Anemone pulsatilla, Ranunculus hirsutus, arvensis & parviflorus; Delphinium consolida. Papaver hybridum!!, Nasturtium (all but No. 1), Camelina sativa, Isatis tinctoria, Brassica rapa, napus. Sinapis nigra, alba, Viola flavicornis, lactea, Saponaria officinalis, Arenaria tenuifolia, Cerastium semidecandrum! (what new race in Scotland has the capsule not longer than the calyx, and is a var. of C. tetrandrum). Linum perenne, Medicago minima!, Trifolium ochroleucum, subterraneum, Ervum tetraspermum!, Poterium sanguisorba, Sanguisorba officinalis, Pyrus torminalis, communis & malus (wild specimens). Myriophyllum verticillatum, Callitriche autumnalis of your Cat.e. Ceratophyllum demersum in fruit. Lythrum hyssopifolium,Sedum sexangulare, Caucalis daucoides and latifolia, Torilis infesta!!, Pastinaca sativa, fruit & flower, Bupleurum tenuissimum!! and rotundifolium, Pimpinella magna, Sium latifolium!!, Sison amomum, Oenanthe No. 1, 3, 4. Galium palustre!, erectum! , and tricorne! Cineraria 1 & 2. Inula (all), Gnaphalium luteoalbum, Matricaria chamomilla!, Carduus acanthoides, Cnicus pratensis & eriophorus, Centaurea solstitialis & calcitrapa,Sochus palustris!!, Lactuca 2 & 3, Chondrilla mur., Barkhausia foetida, Helminthia echioides, Hieracium murorum and sabaudum & umbellatum of your Cat.e., Hypochoeris 1 & 3; Prismatocarpus hybridus, Monotropa hypopytis!!, Erythraea pulchella (a few specimens), Cuscuta (both - for I suspect we have 3 species in Britain), Myosotis arvensis of Cambridgesh., Linaria 3 & 6, the varieties. Limosella aquatica!, Orobanche elatior, minor; Melampyrum crist., Teucrium scordium, Mentha 2, 3, 4, 10, 12, 13; Lysimachia 3; Centunculus min.!!, Statice reticulata!, & limonium: Chenopodium and Atriplex, all of them if named and in fruit: Rumex 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 (this genus I do not understand). Thesium linophylla. Euphorbia 3 and varieties, 13: Hydrocharis morsus-ranae; Butomus (for it is not wild in Scotland and is now extirpated). Potamogeton compressum (the true one), and pusillum; Orchis ustulata, pyramidata: Herminium monorchis; Ophrys apifera! and aranifera!!; Neottia spiralis; Epipactis palustris; Malaxis loeselii & paludosa; Ruscus aculeatus in fruit. Ornithogalum pyren. Allium oleraceum; Colchicum aut. Juncus 8; Acorus calamus!;Typha angustifolia, Sparganium simplex: Cladium mariscus!, Eleocharis multicaulis (I have not yet found it). Blysmus compressus ( a few specimens); Carex 10, 11, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, 42, 48B, 50, 52, 53, 54, 56 if named and in good state. Calamagrostis 1 & 2; Agrostis 3 & 5;Phleum 5; Alopecurus 5 and var B. Avena fatua, Bromus 2, 5, 7, 8, 9. Lolium 2, 3: Hordeum 2 and 3!; Lemna 4 (but all of them if in flower or fruit). Chara 6, 7. Now you see how very imperfect my British collection is, and even I have only selected the above from what are found in Cambridgeshire. Yet of nearly every one I have foreign specimens.
+ + +Many thanks to you for wishing me to pay you a visit – but it is impossible this year. In addition to my Botanical occupation, I am building Farm-offices at my place in the country and must not be far distant. Besides if I were at Cambridge, I dared not return without fulfilling my promise of visiting Dawson Turner at Yarmouth, and Mr Borrer at Henfield the first time I am in the south, and I cannot accomplish that this year.
+Believe me | very truly yours | G A Walker Arnott
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+Encloses specimens and invites JSH to view the herbarium at Soughton Hall created by his great-grandfather, John Wynne.
+I have the pleasure of enclosing to you some wild Pinks gathered from the walls of Conway Castle, where I have long observed them to grow in considerable abundance.
+When I mentioned the circumstance to you in [illeg] which I did myself the honor of passing to you at Cambridge & it seemed to be new to you so far as respects Conway & I hve reason to hope therefore that they may furnish an acceptible specimen to your collection.
+I have in my house here a very large Hortus siccus formed by my great grandfather the Bishop of Bath & Wells, should any thing happen to call you into this County I should rejoice to have it looked over by you, as I dare say that it may contain curious things which I should be glad to submit to those more capable of judging of them than myself, but it is too bulky for me to remove conveniently to London.
+I am Sir | your very faithful Servant | W llm John Bankes
To Professor Henslow | St John’s College The Rev d G Jenyns’s | Cambridge Bottisham Hall
Available under license only
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+It is almost two years ago that I made up a packet of dried plants for you, consisting of Welsh specimens gathered in 1828, for the purpose of transmitting them thro' the hands of M r Warren; and in expectation of his carrying them to Cambridge, they were deposited with M r John Roberts of Bangor, who had the care of them till April 1829, when on my passing through Bangor and on being informed that the expected opportunity of sending the parcel had not arrived, I carried it with me to Warrington, for the purpose of adding other specimens, collected since my Welsh visit of 1828, before I forwarded it to you, but a multiplicity of other engagements, and the small worth in point of novelty, of what I had to send, induces me to withhold what I had dedicated to you until a more favorable time–
The arrival of a letter from you in April last, tho' most welcome in every other respect, found me unprepared to give, as I greatly wish I could have given, an immediate reply, except indeed to communicate my intentions, and to announce the probability, of sending further contributions to your Herbaria– and I have preferred waiting until I could fulfill those intentions—
+On examining your small list of desiderata, I have to congratulate you on the great success of your laudable endeavours to concentrate & combine in the most authentic mode, the discoveries & results labours of British botanists. When complete, it will form a truly national work & serve as a truly solid basis upon which to build a descriptive Flora of the country, the only one not liable to error— I have long been Sensible of the necessity of cooperation in Botanical Science, to advance materially its interests, but I know not where to find one who had influence enough to command it.— In you, I think, without the least wish or pretence to flattery, I see the president of the only real Linnean Society of the British dominions; which needs no other assemblage, & which may yet well dispense with the honorary title– It is in fact an undertaking like this which should have been an important object of that Society already long established & which I fear has been almost neglected by it—
Although you have not named Daltonia splachnoides as wanted, I have not presumed to omit sending that really desirable moss, now it is in my power to do so— I can easily suppose that you would omit for the present, to name such species as were very unlikely to be obtained— None were more hopeless perhaps than the Daltonia alluded to— I have also thought it well to send specimens of other rare plants; not noticed in the list, because already obtained— Mr. Winterbottom a late pupil, or member of your Class, has already, I know, gathered Eriocaulon— and from another Gent n. of your class, from near Conway (M r. Price) whom I had the pleasure of meeting upon the Ormeshead in N. Wales, you have probably had Welsh specimens; sending such as I could send of still less interest than before— they will however enable you to furnish some of your correspondents, who will I hope, also have frequently supplied you with supernumerary local or rare specimens from their own respective places of residence—
I have the pleasure of sending you several new Cryptogamous species, and a new Fedia, which owing to a constant & engrossing occupation of my attention to other subjects, escaped my actual detection, as well as M r. Winch's, who gathered it with me on the Ormeshead— It is to D r. Hooker that the real merit of the discovery belongs— It would be a cause of surprise to me that those who already knew Hymenophyllum tunbridgense (verum) should so long have overlooked or mistaken the far more general but spurious species, which was until my visit to Ireland last year the only one that I had ever seen growing, if I were not informed that M r Borrer (doubtless from not attending sufficiently to them) did not doubt still whether any essential difference exists between them.— I wish the Roses could be so easily & clearly distinguished— I wish that the species of ferns generally in the Eng. Fl. could be as well identified— There are several plants, yet, in your list, which I could procure in this neighborhood, but I cannot well hope to gather many all this year, as my present engagements may require me to be absent at the proper season— Apargia hirta, Mentha gentilis, Alopecurus bulbosus, Epilobium hirsutm are chiefly what I allude to— Carex lævigata, if any thing more than a tall variety of binervis, with elongated spikelets; peculiar to wet situations, I shall scarcely hope to obtain— D r. Hooker's herbarium has not satisfied my doubts at all— the "two or more" male spikelets I rather think will not be found in any british species, otherwise agreeing with the description of lævigata which in no other material respect differs from that of binervis— Indeed these, with distans, should I think be reduced to one—
I will endeavour to send with this a distinct list of my wants in Mosses, which are not now very numerous— those of Jungermanniæ are the same as yours will be, after receiving my specimens, with the addition only of J. albescens
+ lanceolata & setiformis, the latter of which however I have seen in Hobsons collection, & find it to belong to the stipulate section—
I thank you for so kindly offering to be my guide to the Fens of your County, but am afraid that there is no prospect of my visiting your neighbourhood this year at any rate—
+It gives me pleasure to think that your zeal in the cause of natural science is likely to produce, in the formation of a general taste for the study, especially of botany, most important changes, & I hope beneficial effects— The pursuit of Game will be given up, especially by the Clergy, for one of a more rational cast, & not less possessed of interest or less conducive to exercise or amusement; and tho' the former may not & perhaps need not be wholly relinquished, this will have the preference— The great evils attendant upon the Game Laws furnish a strong argument in favour of their complete abolition. Your exertions, if entirely successful, would effect this good in the most desirable way, by rendering them obsolete— May that & every other success attend you & with every other good wish — believe me, | Yours very sincerely | W. Wilson
+
+ Cover: Professor Henslow | Cambridge | With a Parcel
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+It has this day only come to my knowledge that you have an Idea of joining our Party in Oxford on Monday next, & that Mrs Henslow will do us the favor to accompany you, & I lose not a moment in writing to say that it will afford the greatest pleasure to Mrs Buckland & myself if you & your Lady will occupy a vacant Bed Room in our House in Christ Church during the Period of your stay in Oxford. Mr & Mrs Airy & Professor Sedgwick will also be with us & we expect them all to arrive on Monday next
+Believe me |yours very truly |William Buckland
+Available under license only
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+JSH asks for wild specimens of Senecio squalidus to be sent to Cambridge for drying.
I am sorry I could not get to the Garden a second time during my short stay in Oxford – but we found that Dr Williams was not in the University, & having so many things to see I could not spare the time – I send you a few botanical memoranda – & have to beg a favor of you, which is this– Be so good as to fill the tin box which will be sent to you with this letter with wild specimens of Senecio squalidus from the walls & forward it to me – I want to dry as many as I can get – If you procure them early one morning & send them off by the Cambridge Coach at 7 oClock either Monday, Wednesday or Friday (from the Angel) I shall get them before 8 oClock in the evening & can preserve them the same day – Be careful to select such specimens as are in good flower, & without much unnecessary stalk about them, as I shall receive the same, fit for preserving – I am going out of Cambridge for 3 or 4 days after July 2 d & would therefore thank you to send them either before then or after July 6 th
+
Believe me | Very truly Y rs | J. S. Henslow
Mr Baxter | Botanic Garden | Oxford
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+I hope you have not thought I had forgotten your request, in respect to the Lythospermum purpuro cœruleum. I send a few specimens,― as well as a few more dried plants, which I observe are in your list of Desiderata― I forward them to you in an old Book which can be returned to me at your leisure with the plants you are so kind as to say you have for me. I am glad to see so much attention payed to Botany in the University of Cambridge. I wish the same energy was displayed at Oxford.
+I was fortunate enough to find the Cyperus longus last year in tolerable plenty, while on a visit to M r Lambert at Boyton, singular it should have escaped the notice of the many eminent botanists that were in the habit of visiting M r Lambert― about a quarter of an acre is covered with it, within a quarter of a mile of Boyton House― The Cnicus tuberosus, I send, I obtained while at Boyton, it is not to be found I believe any where else in England. I have it now growing in my Garden―
Is there any chance of seeing you at Dartford? it would give me great pleasure.
+I remain | My dear Sir | your very truly | W m. Peete
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+Writes to postpone proposed pilgrimage to the tomb of John Ray due to the death of George IV.
+I regret to say that the proposed pilgrimage to the tomb of John Ray is postponed. The demise of the crown which has occurred since I last addressed you prevents several of our friends from joining the party, and it seems to be a very general feeling among the others that no Meeting should take place at present. After the funeral it is feared that our London friends will be so much dispersed as to render it impossible to collect them together so as to do justice to the occasion, and I therefore fear that the intended tribute to a distinguished countryman cannot take place this year. If, however, circumstances should favour such an undertaking, I will lose no time in communicating with you, as one of the most valuable cooperators on such an occasion.
+I need scarcely say that the postponement has been some disappointment to myself and to others, but it was better that such a resolution should be adopted than that we should meet not only with divided numbers, but with divided feelings even among those who adhered to their original intention.
+I remain my dear Sir |yours very truly |Edw. d T. Bennett
[P.S.] I should have acquainted you with the determination earlier had it not seemed necessary to know whether any arrangement s had been made for our reception. There is now reason to believe that no definite arrangements had been made. Should you have an opportunity of informing Mr. Jenyns of the abandonment of our plan you will much oblige me by doing so.
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+I beg to acknowledge with many thanks your kind Present of incrustations &c rec’d by the Cambridge Coach last Week whilst I was in Oxford & together with my thanks I now beg to forward to you an uncoloured sheet of Greenough’s Map of the Eastern Counties requesting you to have the kindness to correct the Errors & Omissions you were mentioning the other day particularly the small Portions of Chalk & to return the Map with your Corrections to Mr Greenough at the Geological Society.
+I saw Mr Greenough yesterday & informed him of your kind offer for which he feels exceedingly obliged as he is now busily occupied in preparing a new Edition of the Map. He will be further obliged by your communicating your Corrections to Him as soon as possible.
+You are probably aware of the enormous insulated masses of Chalk that lie in the Gravel on the Coast at Cromer– have you noticed anything of this kind in Suffolk or Essex?
+Mrs Buckland who is with me in London unites in kind regards to Mrs Henslow
+With my Dear Sir| yours very truly | W. Buckland
+Available under license only
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+Allow me to introduce to you Mr Paul Emile Maurice of Geneva, a particular friend of Alphonse De Candolle, who did me the favour to give him a letter to me– He is travelling through Britain chiefly to inspect our architecture & machinery, & I am desirous that through your kindness he should have an opportunity of seeing the beauties of Cambridge– May I beg that you will show to him some of that polite attention you so liberally bestowed upon me–
+I have not forgotten the wishes you expressed when I was at Cambridge to have some things that I am happy to think I can give you, & if the Nepenthes & Sonchus cœruleus were less bulky I could send them by Mr. Maurice– Both the male & female Nepenthes are again in flower, & I hope notwithstand our having fine April weather in July, that we shall ripen another crop of seed–
+Have the kindness to present my best compliments to Mrs. Henslow, & believe me
+Yours most truly | Rob. t Graham
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+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Your kind letter arrived when I was out of town which will explain my apparent inattention in not sending an earlier answer. The same circumstance has also prevented my replying to a note of Sedgwick’s before he sett[sic] off for the North, which I regret the more because I do not know where my letter should be directed.
+I am engaged in correcting those errors in the Geological Map of England which can be corrected by a change in their coloring. What is engraved right or wrong must stand– for the alterations already done have in some places worn the copper almost through, and if I had now sufficient materials to rectify all the geographical faults, it would be less trouble & expence to form an entirely new map than to reform the old one – Dr Buckland imaginid [sic] you had already ascertained many things in the neighbourhood of Cambridge which it seems you are only now investigating. I have no expectation that I shall complete the task I proposed before November and shall feel much obliged to you for any improvements you may suggest to me in the interim in regard to any portion of England. I have no map of Cambridgeshire on a large scale & if I had, should in all probability find it very difficult to reconcile the position of the objects delineated with that which they occupy on my map – for my map was constructed at a period when that county was perhaps less known than any other–
+It is quite indifferent to me in what manner your amendments are marked (whether by pencil or in colors) provided they are distinct & one color will answer the purpose as well as another, if the meaning of such is denoted on the margin: upon this point therefore you have only to consult your own convenience.
+With many thanks for your kindness I remain
+My dear sir | yours very sincerely | G.B. Greenough
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+Invites JSH to attend a dinner with Georges Cuvier in London, along with other naturalists.
+Several of the naturalists at present in London having invited M. le Baron Cuvier to dine with them at the Albion, Aldersgate Street, on Tuesday next, at 7, (which invitation he has obligingly accepted) it is hoped that you will join in this testimony of respect to him. You will oblige me by an answer by noon on Monday at latest, as at that time the dinner will be ordered for those only who shall have previously signified their intention to partake of it. The expenses will not exceed £2.2. s each.
I have the honor to be
+Sir,
+your most obed. t Servant | Edw. d T. Bennett
[on reverse]
+My dear Sir,
+You will I fear reckon me a troublesome correspondent, but the occasion on which I now write is not a common one. M. Cuvier is here for a few days, & we have availed ourselves of the opportunity to offer to him a tribute of our respect. It will not be a large party, probably thirty or a few more, being limited to Naturalists specially invited. Your friend Mr Lowe remains a day longer in town than he had intended in order to join us. I hope that we shall have the pleasure of seeing you.
+I write by this post also to Professor Sedgwick, and the Rev. D r. Thackeray.
Yours very truly | Edw. d T. Bennett
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+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+My friend M r W Wilson of Warrington knowing I had a good stock of specimens of Asplenium septentrionale requested me to send you some as he knew it to be one of your desiderata.
I accordingly forwarded some to him but he unfortunately sent off his parcel to you a few days before.
+As I think I may be able to add some other plants to it I now address you & beg you to send me a list of your desiderata that I may see what I can send you.
+I have plenty of Lychnis viscaria,
+ Arbutus unedo, Eriocaulon septangulare
+ Helianthemum canum & can also give you Paeonia corallina,
+ Allium ampeloprasum,
+ Helianthemum polifolium & vulgare var surrejanum with perhaps some others. At any rate as you are I believe an advocate for collecting in the Herbarium specimens of the same plant from various habitats I may be able to help you in that way.
Will you at your early convenience hand me a list of your desiderata as I propose leaving town shortly for the Severn Sea to lay in a fresh stock of Allium ampeloprasum & Adiantum capillus-veneris . After that excursion I shall go into Cheshire where the greater part of my Herbarium is & shall then be glad to send you anything you may be in want of.
I happen to have specimens of Asplenium septentrionale in town so could send them at once if you would point out any channels.
Believe me to be with great respect
+Dear Sir | Yours very truly | W Christy Jr
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+I have sent you a formidable list of desiderata, but I thought it better to give it entire as you may be able to supply me with some plants which, though common in the North I can not procure here in their native state. In fact I should be obliged to you for any N. country plants whether mentioned in my list or not & as many duplicates of such as you can conveniently spare– I should feel obliged if you w d furnish me with a list of of such of our S. country plants as you w d wish me to procure for you– I have sent a few at a venture & also duplicates of such as I thought might be acceptable to any N. country botanists among yr. friends. I have your printed list of desiderata but I fear that I am not likely to diminish it very much– I have however procured a few for you & trust that I shall next year be able to get some more–
May I beg yr acceptance of a syllabus of mineralogy wh. I published early this year.–
With thanks for the plants you sent me– believe me
+Yrs. very truly | J. S. Henslow
N.B. The duplicates have the same date as those which are named.
+
+ Endorsements by Winch: Wrote Jan 14 1823 Plants and Cumb. Fl: sent by Mr Hodgson.
Answered Dec r: 31st 1823 | Plants sent by Mr Lork.
+ Enclosures:
Desiderata – If natives of Great Britain– JS Henslow [6 pp - printed list]
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+Sowerby is hard at work (I hope) with my shells, making the requisite figures, for w. ch he is to have 3. s a piece. About 50 fig. s I believe will be requisite, – that is to be done by him, for I shall furnish some myself. I sh. d have wished, if possible to include them all in one plate, but in the first place they are too numerous & w. d look crowded & awkward, – in the next there are 3 or 4 species of w. ch I find by some mistake I have left my specimens behind in Madera; & as it is very important that all sh.d be fig. d the best plan will be to [ill.del]. give two plates of shells, one of w. ch may be engraved completed & published if you will previous to my leaving England, – the other must wait till I can send the shells wanting from Madera. Sowerby told me the plate (when I thought of giving all in a single one) w. d cost nearly 7.G. s engraving. Two will cost less individually (say 5 or 6 G. s) but of course be more expensive on the whole. I have chosen a man named Zeiter to engrave them. To my judgment he is the best (except J.D.C. Sowerby) in London. It is not quite certain that J.D.C. Sowerby himself may not undertake them. Such of the drawings as were finished before I left town were most beautifully done. Engelman has got my new Goodyera (macrophylla) to lithograph. A plain plate will answer every purpose & is to cost (engraving) 2£ I have contrived that the plant shall be packed into a single folded (not double) plate.
I was disappointed you c. d not come up to dine with us. I was detained in town longer than I intended (till last Saturday week) by Cuvier’s indecision about coming to Cambridge. Had he done so, I had promised him to accompany or meet him there to show him my Fish & MSS about w. ch he had sent me a message through Brown. He wrote to me however to say his letters from Paris obliged him to give up the plan but that he w. d write to me in Madera, from Paris. I called upon him one day & found him extremely polite & agreeable. His remarks on my plans were highly encouraging & flattering. He made a very handsome speech at the dinner.
Let me hear whether you approve of all I have done so far. I shall not see you in Cambridge before the 20 th of next month; by which time I shall have all things pretty nearly ready.
Believe me | y. rs sincerely | R.T.Lowe
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+Thanks JSH for copy of A Catalogue of British Plants Arranged According to the Natural System and offers praise.
I have lately received through the medium of Dr Whately your Catalogue of Brit. Plants arranged according to the Nat. l system, and allow me to return you my best thanks for this kind attention I trust that ‘ere long the efforts of yourself Lindley & other Professors will give to Botany as studied in England the rank of a science, and that artificial arrangements will be viewed in the proper subserviancy to the natural method.
I remain my dear Sir |yours very truly & obliged |C. J. Bishop
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+I am taking the liberty again requesting the favor of a few additions to my garden. I wish you wd let me know what I am to send to you. I believe you have one of my old Catalogues?– In the Summer I discovered near this & far away from any house Rosa alba – most of the blossoms were single – but in a few cases the petals were doubled– I shall watch next year, & forward it to Sowerby for his app.x. You have probably heard of a Plesiosaurus lately discovered in this parish– it seems different from any yet found – it comes near to the Daubuchidinen(?) My enquirer got hold of it: but it is in good hands– for he had worked very hard at it, in removing all the profusion of stone &c &c–
+Pray have you no Catalogue of y r Garden? If you have, will you have the kindness to send me a copy– and believe me dear Sir
yours very truly & obliged | H.T.Ellacombe
+P.S. I’ll thank you to direct to me at the “Coach Office, Bolt in Tun, Fleet Street” without saying anything about Bitton. It will surely reach me.
+
+
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+Your letter arrived during my absence from home on a botanical trip into Somersetshire & it was not until I had some time returned that I discovered it among my papers. This will account for my not attending to it earlier.
+I have now great pleasure in sending you a parcel containing a few of your desiderata but as a great part of my herbarium is in Cheshire I have not been able to send all I could wish. I expected to have been down there ere this but circumstances seem likely to prevent my going before the new year. Anything I have to send you from there I can hand to my friend Mr Wilson of Warrington who I believe sometimes sends packets to you.
+My late trip into Somerset was tolerably productive of good plants but I had the mortification to lose nearly the whole of my specimens owing to the papers not being changed. You will see what a shocking state some of the specimens now sent are in from that cause. In travelling on foot (which I do for my health & the greater convenience of botanizing) I find it impossible to carry my collection with me but am obliged to forward the packet to some town I fix on as head quarters. When any delay takes place in the delivery of these or I do not reach the place at the time I expected they sometimes suffer materially. I lost about 100 specimens of Reseda alba from an undoubtedly wild habitat on the Somerset coast & my specimens of Chrysocoma linosyris shared very much the same fate though not so irretrievably injured.
+On the other page I hand you a list of my desiderata in British Plants any of which will be acceptable & as I am forming a general Herbarium I shall be also obliged by any spare specimens you may at any time happen to have in Exotic Plants.
+Believe me |Dear Sir |Yours very truly|W Christy Jr.
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+
+
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+The same post which brought me these two kind letters per you and Mr Smith, brought me account of my wife’s being taken ill at Brampton Park, which makes me feel it my duty to go down to-day, and will I fear prevent me from coming to Cambridge on Monday. Will you please communicate with Mr Smith and inform that for the present we shall hold it suspended, and when I come I will choose a more suitable time and Endeavour to make a longer stay. Thank him for his Kind letter and assure of him of my fervent love; and be assured that however I may find you, I will Ever remember your simplicity and loving-kindness towards me, and feel kindred affections toward you. Oh my brother our occupation ought to be in sighing and crying for the Lord’s appearance.
+Farewell | Your faithful & affectionate friend | Edw Irving
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+There are few, in our particular vocation, who have enjoyed the pleasure both of giving & receiving than I have myself. In regard to you I feel & am always ready to acknowledge that I am much your debtor. I have many plants that I wish to give you & were it not for the incessant occupation of my time, & the hope, not a vain one I trust, of seeing you in Glasgow, they would have been sent to you before this time.
I have at this time some 20 or 30, or perhaps more, plants by me, such as you express a wish for. They shall go to London by the first opportunity if you think them worth paying carriage for from that city. I have, too, many plates in hand of which you shall have impressions by and by, particularly of the N. am. Flora & the Plants of Capt. n F.W. Beechey’s Voyage; of which 10 plates are just finished, but not yet printed off. You might have had many more a month ago, of plates now beyond my control, of which I had impressions but which were lately asked of me by Mr. Lyell.
Have you good specimen of the Nutmeg plant, Cinnamon, All-Spice? If not I can add them to the parcel just now. These & such like I find very useful in my Class-room. Longman’s have lately informed me that the whole impression of British Flora is so nearly sold: that I doubt if there will be enough for our Classes here, next Spring. If so I must immediately set about a new edition; though I would gladly have a little respite.
+Do you care about the purchase of Exotic Plants? Bridges in Chile has sent me some excellent specimens from that country & offers to collect for others. He will not fix a price himself. But I shall [ill.torn] & think them well worth 40. s the hundred. Greville has given an order for every species, 1 of each, at 30. s for 100. I fear the man cannot afford to collect them at this rate. The passage out is £100: & tis certain that the species are very curious & interesting.
I am very glad you have at length arranged for a piece of ground for a Botanic Garden. You may make the pleasure ground of it very useful for trees & shrubs, which a moderately sized Bot. Garden is scarcely calculated for.
+I am my dear Sir | most truly & faithfully yours | W. J. Hooker
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+It has not been in my power to supply many plants of those comprised in your printed list. But I send you a bouquet gathered since the Spring. Among them you will observe some interesting novelties: especially Pyrola. The Carices also are rarely studied: but C. laevigata will be the only novelty to you: Blysmus compressus varies as to the elongation of its bractea, to the extent of 3 inches. Have you remarked Eriophorum pubescens to be later than its congeners ?– Can you spare me wild specimens of Dianthus caryophyllus, or Oenanthe crocata?– Little doubt can exist as to the identity of the Primula noticed by you in the Mag. Nat. Hist. They tell me in the country that the “hose in hose” cowslip is to be produced by reversing the plant in the earth! The umbellate var. of Primula vulgaris has been too general a refuge for the destitute varieties who could not quite make out their claim to P. elatior. Chrysosplenium alternifolium is at least a fortnight earlier than C.
+ oppositifolium: have you observed this variation? Is it not unlikely that an earlier variety should be more developed & larger than its parent? – Have you studied the Aspidia? Have you no varieties of A. filix foemina answering to the characters of A. conspicuum ? – I send you a few more specimens of Cyperus: but a rapacious hand had cleared the too-well-known spot before I hailed it once more this autumn.
Believe me my dear Sir | in much haste |very truly & gratefully yours |Gerard Smith.
+P.T.O.[nothing overleaf]
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+By the desire of W. m Upton I have sent you a specimen each of the Nepal Cypripedium also one of the charming Zygopetalum Mackaii – the others I have added. the solitary flower is a darker variety of Zygopetalum Mackaii of which I could not at present send a specimen – It appears somewhat singular that the dark var. is never fragrant at any period of the day or night, whilst the fine light coloured one is remarkable (sic) fragrant at all times, it is very possible you can account for it
I am Sir | your Obedient Servant | Joseph Cooper
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+Originals from H.C.S. “Reliance”. 18 th Dec. r 1830
“Duplicate” Per H.C.S “Canning”.
+I just write you a few lines to say that I have shipped on board the “Canning” Two Cases, addressed to you, consigned to my Agent in London M r Hebbert 187 Strand, to whom I have enclosed The Receipts for their having been received on board at Whamfua, and duly entered upon the Ship’s “Manifest”: As the Searchers at the Comp y Baggage Warehouse, where they will be conveyed, are by no means particular in handling whatever comes under their cognizance, it would be advisable to secure the Attendance of some person who will see that no unnecessary violence is used, when they are opened; I have carefully pasted an Inventory upon the inside of the Lid of each, stating with minuteness the contents. The “Herbarium” which consists of 18 or 19 Packages of Dried Flowers & Plants, cultivated and wild, and some seeds is soldered down in a Leaden Case to preserve them from Damp. In the other package which is covered with Mat, are several Bottles of Specimens of Reptiles, Insects, Fish and Fruit in Spirits, model of a Chinese Lady: Foot – 2 Boxes (of “Crustacea) Shark’s Fin – &c &c – also 80 Small Jars of different Flower Seeds, the latter for the Cambridge Botanical Garden, the former for the Museum of your Philosophical Society – Many particulars repeating the above I entered into, when writing to Leonard Jenyns a short time since. M r Reeves who has long filled the Responsible Situation of Head Tea Inspector in China is going home in the “Canning”, and has kindly taken charge of two tail Feathers (each 5 ft.4in. long) of the Splendid Pheasant from the West of China, named after him “Phasianus Reevesii”, under which Appellation it is figured in Gen. l Hardwicke’s “Indian Zoology”. M. r R. will hand it over to Hebbert – The Hollow Bamboo Cane there is addressed to you for the “C.P.S. Mus:” –
I have now before me an unpublished sheet of a work likely to appear soon, entitled – “an History of the Tribes of Aboriginese living in the Malayan Peninsula”. It was brought me from Malacca; it is written by D. o G. M. Ward Assistant Surgeon in the 35 th Foot and promises I think to prove a very interesting Production, the 4 Tribes of the Aboriginese live in the dead of the Forest, living entirely on the Fruits found therein, and upon what they take in hunting, – “they neither sow nor plant any thing”. – These wild people have no Religion, nor the slightest idea of a Supreme Being, Creation of the World &c– Affixed to the work will be an Appendix (a sheet of which I have also got.) containing a “Table of Fruits found in the Bazaar at Malucca” it describes no less than 100 different kinds, with the Malayan & Linnaean Names attached. Amongst them is the far famed “Mangusteem”, in speaking of which Dr Ward, observes “it is rather curious that the “Habitat” of it, is so extremely limited, we do not believe “that it extends further Northward than the Old Fort of “Tenasserim, in Lat.11°., 40 s and all attempts to cultivate “it on the Continent of India have failed”. I quite forget whether in my Letter I noticed the account given me by the the E.I. Company’s Tea Inspector, of the Tea Plant, He tells me the Black & Green Teas are Two distinct Varieties of the same plant, cultivated in a different way, and grown in different provinces, Those yielding the Green Leaves are so far to the Northward, as to be occasionally covered with Snow. The finest Tea grown in China is reserved exclusively for the Use of the Imperial Family, it is grown in “Yo-Sh^an-Lyes” – and the quantity annually sent to the Emporer at Peking, is 700 Catties (1 lb /3 each) – It is the Pokae Tea of the Hyson Plant. “Lapsing” the famous Grower of Souchong Tea gathers the Leaves (5) Days from the period of their first expansion.
It will always afford me much pleasure to hear from you, and a Letter addressed to me here (with “To the care of M. r Hardy, Jerusalem Coffee House Cornhill London) added to the Direction, and put in your Cambridge G P. Office, will be certain of leaving England in the first Ship bound to this part of the world; Hoping that Harriet and her young Family are in the enjoyment of good health, and that this Letter will find you well as it leaves me; I shall only Subscribe myself –
Very Sincerely Yours | Geo. Harvey Vachell
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+Sends Brown a copy of his recently published paper, On the Examination of a Hybrid Digitalis. Comments on Brown’s work, Observations on the Organs and Mode of Fecundation in Orchideæ and Asclepiadeæ and says he is looking forward to fact checking it in the summer. Asks to visit Brown for another ‘lesson’.
Says he has not had time to examine mignonette specimen, hopes to do so soon and complete drawings. Sends some of the wood specimens being gathered for Cambridge Botanical Museum, largely from the plantations of his father in law, George Leonard Jenyns.
+I take the liberty of sending you a copy of my paper on the Hybrid Digitalis which I mentioned to you– It is but an insignificant production compared with your tract on the Orchideæ & Asclepiadeæ– I have now read with care the whole of that tract & am impatient for the summer to verify the facts it contains– As I expect to pass through town in 3 or 4 weeks, I will do myself the pleasure of calling on you & receiving another lesson if you are disposed to indulge me– I have not been able to examine the Mignionette again, this being always a busy term with me– but I hope to do so early in February & complete my drawings– I have lately been preparing a set of specimens of different woods for our Museum– obtained chiefly from the plantations of my Father in law– & have put up a few of them which appeared to me to possess the most interest, for your inspection– they want a little polishing. If you don't want them, they may serve to light your fire– Is it possible that any kind of invitation might tempt you to visit Cambridge? It would afford me the greatest pleasure to entertain you–
+Believe me | very truly y rs. | J S Henslow
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+I take the opportunity of M r Lork coming to Cambridge to reply to your letter of 21 st Oct br. and thank you for the very valuable present of plants every one were better than those of the same kind in my Herbarium and Narcissus poeticus, Glaucium violaceum and Lobelia urens new to me at least as British, for exotics I keep distinct from native species.— I wish your list of desiderata had reached me last spring, observing it to contain several plants indigenous in this part of the kingdom, but it will be useful during the course of next summer. However a few of those mentioned you will find in the packet and all such as are within my reach shall be procured when I meet with them— Those plants sent which are not enumerated in your catalogue will serve to exchange with other Botanists. I wish the specimens had been more numerous and rare—I feel much obliged for your interesting Syllabus of Mineralogy— your predecessor the late D r Clarke in a note in the last vol. of his valuable travels objects to the division that had acted upon the coal, at the Coley Hill basaltic dyke because the coke contains calcarious spar, to me it appears that this spar has been introduced into the interstices of the coke after it had become a cinder, by the process of infiltration. The different kinds of Elm will be common with you, have the goodness to preserve sp ns in flower and leaf— Also Anthemis Cotula which is scarce in the North, and Lathyrus hirsutus if native with you— Exotics Cryptogamic plants and in fact, any of your well dried specimens will be acceptable to me. Concluding that you are acquainted with the Rev d M r. Holmes and M r Sedgwick may I request you will have the goodness to remember me to them and in hopes of seeing you here next summer
Believe me to be | My dear Sir | truly yours | Nat: Jn s: Winch
P.S. I suppose you did not find Cucubalus baccifer in Anglesea?
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+I have long intended writing to thank you for your great kindness in forwarding to Soho Square the requisite papers in order that I m t. be elected a Fellow of the Lin n. Society. In June last I rec d. the pleasing intelligence of my election: & the reason of my long silence in not thanking you, is that I hoped to have done so in person: a variety of causes have prevented it & one is not the best of health.
I was much pleased with your experiment on the seed of the Anagallis reported in the Mag. of N. Hist y. .– the result is exactly what I expected. Next year I hope to try the same experiment, & before I sow my seeds, the plant-pots of soil shall be put in a hot-house, lest there should any latent seeds of the red pimpernel, a weed so common in this neighbourhood: I will gladly supply you or any of y r. Botan l. friends with more seed of the red & white.
About two months ago, a respected friend, the Rev. J. Harriman of Croft n r Darlington presented me with his valuable Hortus Siccus, contained in 15 vol s. 4to. It is an almost complete one. M r. H. was in extensive correspondence with Sir J. Smith, Dawson Turner, Dalton, Sowerby, Brunton, Winch, &c. &c. & the Herbarium is very richly supplied with numerous specimens from these excellent Botanists, & particularly from Sir James. The name of Harriman frequently appears in Smith & Withering & you will find that he was the first to give an English Habitat of the Gentiana verna. In With this unexpected present is a large number of Duplicates from the above Gent s., for friends & correspondents; I wish therefore to make you the first offer— so if you think any of them worth accepting, make out a list and I will endeavour, if possible, to send the label in the hand-writing of their respective finders, attached to the plant. M r. Harriman has not yet forwarded to me his Mosses, Lichens, & Fuci, wch he has kindly promised.
I have had your useful Catalogue interleaved, & am making it into an index to my Herbarium. Several of the specimens of you sent me by my friend Green, I find to be extremely rare, & not in M r. H's Hort. Sic., these will enhance its value. I think Hooker's Brit. Flora will supersede ere long Sir J. Smith's Eng. Flora. It is an excellent Book, because the descriptions are long or short, according as the Characters are prominent or obscure; & the price is not one third of that work. But to me the Eng. Flora is more interesting, having so many specimens gathered by its author.
But I will not trespass longer on your time. Be assured that of the continued esteem of | Yours most truly | Edw. Wilson Jun r.
P.S. I cannot but advert to a most lamentable event wch. has occurred since you were at Wentworth, the unexpected death of Lady Milton: it threw a gloom ove[r] the whole neighbourhood. It is most distressing to witness at Church the Family in the deepest mourning lamenting
+ one in whom shone every virtue most pre-eminently. I saw that excellent woman at Church the day before her death. Alas! how soon the flower faded & is gone.illeg name
+
E. W. J r.
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+I send you Fumaria Vaillantii and two or three other things as make weights to render it worth carriage.
+I know of no other recommendation of the grasses than that they have all been named by Prinius (?).
+Very truly | John Lindley
+Available under license only
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+I have sent you this circular paper to have your support on my [illegible] for the Botanical Professorship. My only opponent is Dr John Bright of Manchester Square (not the traveller) who so far as I can learn has never given any public proof of even a taste for natural history, much less of his acquirements in it. He is one of the known physicians at the Coll. and above fifty. He has however secured so many of the Fellows beforehand through his personal influence, that my only chance is having the question taken up on public grounds on which I hope it is not too much to hope that the Fellows of the Coll. Ph. at Cambridge may some of [illegible] at least come up to support me, dear Henslow yrs very truly C.
+[Letter written on Daubeny's printed letter of application for position at the College of Physicians]
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+N o.1 – “Le-Seon-Suhung.” Fig. represented in the Engraving of Rev d D r Morrison’s Portrait, as sitting down, employed in Writing Chinese?
N o.2. – “Chin-Seon-Sang.” [overwritten] is represented as standing up, Looking over “L’i ” composition
[underneath] Chin-Seen-Shang. Previously born ie Senior, a Term of respect for a Teacher.–
+[Box with 2 figs. of Chinese characters and the words “To [ill.del.] Mr. Henry Hebberts 187 Strand “Till called For”, G.H.V.
+“Per H. C. S. Camden.”
+I have sent you a fair Engraving of the Rev. d D. r Morrison translating the Bible into the Chinese Language. which the Members of the H.G.’s Establishment in China, had executed by one of the first Engravers in London., from a picture painted by M r George Chinnery formerly of Calcutta & now resident at Macao, & who is called “The Sir Tho s. Lawrence of the East:” If you think it is worthy of a place in the Reading Room of the Phil: Society at Cambridge, present it to the Managers with my Compt. s. if you please: It is directed to be left at M r Hebbert’s 187 Strand, until you send to him for it. Having so lately written to you, I have little else to say than I beg to the kindly remembrance of M rs Henslow, and
Believe me to remain | sincerely yours | Geo. H. Vachell
+P.S. The H.C.S. “Canning” sailed from China on 4 January: via the Cape of Good Hope (staying 10 days) for England. (turn over) I went last week up the River to visit the Fatee Flower Gardens. The show of Chrysanthemums was quite superb, both as regards the number, and variety of the Specimens, as well as the color of the Flowers– The “Luai-Fa” shrubs were coming into Flower, the scents of which somewhat resembles Mignionette – The “Hedysarum scandens” grows to a considerable height– there is a large and small Tree in one Garden, whose fibrous branches climb over (in a spiral form) every Tree in their vicinity– I got several more Pods & Seeds, similar to those I sent you – and I think I remarked that a seed brought from an Island near Madagascar in the Mozambique Channel by Capt Mortlock some years since, first introduced this curious “Hedysarum” into China–
+The variety of Oranges in both their green and ripe state, in Pots, as well as the fine “Finger” Citron Fruit upon the Trees, have a very pretty effect at their Season of the Year – no Shelter is used during the Night, and they are placed in rows along The Gardens – The “Pummelows” hanging on the Trees, look well also about six times as large as a fine full-sized orange – As I shall this year spend the months of February and March at Macao. – I hope to find some new Flowers upon the Hills, and Ravines – and having occupied a considerable part of Two Summers and a Winter in making two Collections for Cambridge – I purpose making a Complete one for myself – bet[tween] the 1 st Feb y & the 1. st of October.– I fear I have no chance of hearing from you, that you ever received the first, sent by the “Caesar” from Madras– As I am anxious to receive any hint upon the subject, or any improvements in the process of Drying and preserving the Plants & Flowers as well as Seeds, you can suggest, I shall be glad to receive the results of your observations and assistance in such matters.
Address: “Per H.C.S. Marq:Camden”
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+I have given in charge to my friends Gordon & Monteith a packet, neither so large nor so valuable as I could wish, for you, & which by this time is, I think in your possession. Some of the plants are not yet named, because they are not yet published & I never have the names engraved till the plates are on the point of being published. Had I known of your wish earlier for these things I could have sent you many more engravings, of which the corpus, a little previous to the arrival of your letter, had been sent to London.– & thus I have no more control over them.
+I do hope this ensuing summer may bring you to Scotland. When we are together & that you can point out what kind of plants would be most acceptable I am sure I can add considerably to your Herbarium, without in any respect diminishing the value of my own. My duplicates occupy nearly as much space as my arranged collection & with you at my elbow to write down the names & to select such as are alone useful to you, I should think well & certainly agreeably spend time. I now recollect the Clove, Sugar Cane, Coffea, Quassia & some others which you may probably like to have, but which did not occur to me while I made the little selection for you, nor did the bundles containing them come in my way.
+You will find in the packet my opinion upon the specimens you sent. Indeed the Veronica & the Callitriche were it not in a state to enable me to pass an opinion upon decidedly:– The former I think has few or none of its real stems-leaves. The true Callitriche pedunculata I am ashamed to say I have not in my own possession except one so called from the Unio Itineraria. But I shall write to Sussex for specimens and you shall have it. I am now as I proceed with my 4 th vol. of Smith Flora putting all my duplicate British Mosses in order: & I can there help you much. Two or three very interesting Musci have been lately added: especially Anictangium caespititium.
If you have not yet sent your parcel to the north & can add to it any of your country & the south of England plants they will be acceptable I need not clarify, because generally those that we have not in the north are valuable to me.
+I am almost daily expecting Drummond’s arrival from Ireland on his way to N. Orlea[ns].
+I gave him your order for £5. It will be time enough to pay when the plants arrive. I have procured for him the best letter of introduction to enable him to go into Mexico & to California: & I look for great things for him. His first remittances will be from N. Orleans, but that is a country very little known to the Botanist.– Thank you for the list of errata in my Brit. Flora; they are all near corrected & many others: but many I fear still remain. I have altered the situation of the Generic Characters: but
+
I have just finished parts 4 & 5 of Bot. l Miscellany which I hope will be found to embrace some interesting matter. There is the 1 st half of the Memoir of Capt. n Carmichael, & a valuable portion by M. r Cruickshank on Climate & vegetation of a part of Peru.
Yours ever | much truly & faithfully | W. J. Hooker
+P.S. If your northern parcel should be already dispatched, a parcel left for me at any time with Treutell & Wurtz Soho Square, will reach me by my monthly parcel.
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+A fit of sickness, the consequences of a severe cold caught last Wednesday at the Ent l Society fête, enables me to answer your note of the 28 th (only this morning read by me) – instanta – I send you the Digit. Ms. with pleasure. To it I have added a few things which may possibly interest you. & your plant of Fumaria. I have marked my opinion on each specimen; about F. Vaillantii it seems there can be no doubt.
In this parcel of Fumarias I find your letter of the 26 th Jan. still unanswered! Pray forgive my remissness – which in correspondence is incorrigible– All the grasses you sent had been named by Prinius; you can therefore mark them as you please.– Upon again looking at your letter I think I must have ans. d it: I hope I have
I have put a few drawings into the parcel but I fear they will be useless to you.
+I suppose you have seen Bicheno’s letter in Taylor’s Magazine about me, Brown & Bauer. I confess I think I was quite right in refusing to been Mr Bauer’s champion– The disavowal I gave him was for the express purpose of enabling him to make public in print, if he chose– The fact is I think Brown has treated Bauer very ill, and therefore I left the former to the tender mercy of the Scotch critic.
+Believe me | ever yours very faithfully | John Lindley
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+Per H.C.S. “Marq. Camden”
+Since I arrived here a few days ago I have procured some fine seed, which I send for the Cambridge Botanical Garden; In my Herbarium sent to you in the H. C. S. “Canning” are two dried Flowers of the beautiful “Laegerstraemia Regina” (color Lilac) I enclose some of the seed– also – some of the “Bauhinia.” (with white Flowers & Purple Spots) – likewise some of the “Apple-shaped” Brinjall or Egg plant – a Chinese vegetable - and the seed of a curious “Privet” from our Garden at Canton, a very thick & pretty Shrub– I have also seen in M r Beale’s Aviary the Pheasant which I have already alluded to in a former letter – M r Reeves took Three to England this Season & this is the only one now in this part of China – The above Four Birds were brought to Macao last Summer from “Bucharia” in Tartary, a distance of upwards of 3,000 Miles. Mr B. shewed me the very simple Bamboo Baskets they travelled in - The Top was cone-shaped, and fitted on to the Bottom which was about one Inch deep and 1½ Foot in Diameter – upon which was placed a Bowl for the Food, and a Peg: to the latter a thing was fastened 3 yards long, the other end being firmly attached to the Leg of the Bird (one was placed in each Basket) whenever the party halted, the Cone was taken off and the Bird stretched his legs & wings as far around the space as the String would permit him– The whole concern is very light, and the Birds arrived in beautiful condition with the exception of the Tail Feathers– which were slightly chafed. It is expected some Female Birds are on their Route hither, all those at present here & in the cargo are Male Birds, as well as the ones in the Aviary; they are extremely savage & this one instantly attacks the Chinese who superintends the Birds, if he can get at him– M r Beale who is a remarkably fine and active man and looks as healthy as any one who has never left England, came to China in the year 1788 & has never been out of it since! I forget whether I gave you a description of the Aviary attached to his House; which at present contains about 600 Birds from all parts of the world. Its dimensions are as follows–
Width from the House –20½ feet
+Extensive Length – 40.
+Height from the Pavement – 20 an Immense Dome 10 Feet height is carried up from the roof under which grows a very large Tree – the extreme height is 30 Feet, the whole is enclosed with strong wire work – at one end is a pool of water with rock work, for the noble Mandarine Ducks from the Neighbourhood of Peking, and the other aquatic Fowl – Numerous birds build their Nests on the Tree, and other places set apart for the purpose. One of the most extraordinary facts relating to the Mandarine Fowls is that the Drake chooses a Duck for his Partner: and from that moment he never leaves her – but the whole year round & and as long as he lives he is constant to the Partner of his Choice, never approaching any other Duck; M r B. who watches the habits, nidification &c of his birds – has made the same observation for years past– The two windows of his drawing Room looking into the Aviary. A Space is wired off in the Interior for the smaller birds as “Amadavads” and others which might be injured by their more powerful Brethren, and also as an Hospital, for the Sick Inmates of the Establishment– Taking everything into consideration it is probably one of the most extensive and varied Collections in Existence; I take much pleasure in resorting to it, as well as to his Garden– His “Large Bird of Paradise” is now in full Plumage & in all its splendour, it has a very large cage allotted to it– and is so tame as to sieze with avidity, Grasshoppers from the hand of any one who presents them– The enormous Amboyna Pigeons with their large Crests, and the sleek & elegantly formed Humming “Mocking Birds” from America are in full Feather also – In a verandah are the Breeding Cages allotted to the Canary Birds – In the Aviary the English Pheasant, Blackbird, & Lark; are to be seen – whilst numerous rare Tortoises crawl about amongst the rock works. I arrived here on Monday, having been sent for by Express to Canton to visit poor M r Baynes, the late President of the Select Committee., who was dangerously ill on the 21 st Inst: and particularly wished to see me, leaving Canton at an hour’s notice on Sunday evening I traveled down the outside Passage (By Sea part of the way) in one of the large Chinese Row Boats – and by the aid of 20 Oars and Three large Sails – with fair Wind & Tide, I reached Macao early on the following Morning. It is 340 miles from Canton to the River’s mouth and 30 more by Sea to their Place: M r B– is now considered out of danger although he improves but very slowly– With my kind remembrances to Harriet,
Believe me to remain |very sincerely yours | George Harvey Vachell
+P.S. As each pod of the “L. Regina” contains much seed, be good enough to send 5 or 6 pods for me to the Bottisham Hot House–
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+I do not want to bore you with answering this letter as I am aware that the Botanical Professor would require a secretary. I inclose you a very bad specimen of Lepidium ruderale with all it’s [sic] petals & stamens perfect, I send it you because I see Hooker says he has never seen it with any petals & Withering that it has sometimes 4 stamens. It was almost the first plant I saw when I began my botanical studies last summer & puzzled me not a little from their giving as a specific character for it its only having two stamens. I derived so much pleasure from botany last summer that you don’t know how much I regret not having taken to it when I was at Cambridge & had so many opportunities for it, whereas now I am confined to London till the end of August for the remainder of my life. One great difficulty I found was between making out the difference between potentilla & tormentilla reptans [doodle of ‘P’ and ‘T’ leaves]. In the part of Monmouthshire in which I was in the month of August there was a good deal of what I believe was the potentilla in flower but it nearly all had only 4 petals with a stray flower here & there with 5 & the leaves irregular in size & I almost began to doubt whether there really were the two species or not. However in a specimen I saw afterwards of Darwin’s from Shrewsbury of the Tormentilla the leaves were all the same size & the leaflets pretty regularly obovate instead of being wedge shaped like the Potentilla. I wonder whether that is a distintction to be trusted to. I was a good deal puzzled by the brambles & there is one of them that I cannot help thinking Hooker has mistaken in his capital book, it is the one Smith calls R. nitidus as well as I can make it out. Hooker calls it a variety of the suberectus & if it is the one I mean nothing can be more distinct tho’ I must confess the leaflets are very like each other. But the stem of the suberectus is round (those I have seen
I am, dear Henslow | yours very truly | H Wedgwood
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+Estimating, as you do, your own feelings by my own, I do not so much wonder at the anxiety you manifest not to be wanting in your endeavours to make corresponding returns to your botanical contributors, but indeed I did not think that I had succeeded in thus overburthening you– I am glad however that you do not find me on the wrong side; especially as the correspondence between us was of my own seeking– With regard to your botanical favours I need not remind you that I have always been disposed to view them as a free gift; not as a requital: let me therefore beg you to consult your own convenience in imparting them– Since our acquaintance began, my views have indeed been considerably extended, and the indifference which I then felt as to receiving dried specimens, is now removed– I am willing now to know a plant by
+
The packet of dried plants just received
Your parcel fell into the hands of a Major Wilson, resident near Warrington, calling himself a Gentleman & a Soldier– He was (when the parcel arrived in Warrington) absent on business near Sheffield & my parcel, tho’ plainly directed, was forwarded to him, by his orders, as one which he was expecting to receive– He opened & kept it till his return to Warrington & modestly required, before giving it up, to have repaid to him the money laid out for its carriage from Warrington to Sheffield! – At length he was induced to replace it in the coach office, but still with the same demand & accompanied by a note to me in which he gives himself credit for having done “ a good natured act” by bringing it to Warrington, gratis, & keeping it by him till then– Was there ever such another narrow minded Gentleman; or, if there was – any Gentleman who would so candidly proclaim his own disgrace? – Of course I got the parcel without paying the additional charge, but also without any apology for its detention– Had you not better address in future, M. r W. Wilson? – for the Major seems to think there should be no Esquires near Warrington but himself of that name; and in truth I think he is right– proceri cedunt majori–
You have sent me Rosa systyla marked R. Forsteri– I believe I have sent you specimens, rightly named, of R. Forsteri, and do not know whether your misnomer be inadvertently or deliberately committed; but I find it repeated in M. r Roberts’ parcel, which was opened last week by Mr Roberts who spent a night at our house– The mistake therefore, being liable to be repeated in other instances, cannot be too soon corrected–
I have a few good things to send you; but they are not enough for a parcel: such as Elatine Hydropiper & hexandra– Hypnum blandina in fruit & Dicranum squarrosum also in fruit– I have Gymnostomum wilsoni now in cultivation, and it is likely soon to cover a great Space; for it extends rapidly by the roots, and appears to be of perennial growth– It was planted between Bricks, in March last, & now, on my return, I find a thick harvest of capsules, just ripened & the lids mostly fallen off: its characters apparently unaltered: but this you will say proves nothing, & I only admit it as negative evidence against the assertion of any who would say cultivation might reduce it to the form of G. truncatulum: but as it is difficult to suppose hybrid mosses to exist, we must reason from different data than those on which you would explain ( & I think with good reason) the transition of phenogamous plants out of one form into another– I am sorry that my pursuits and enjoyments do not permit me to cooperate with you in experiments relating to this enquiry–
+M r Roberts joins me in kind remembrance to you & good wishes– I shall be happy to hear from you at all times–
Believe me | Rev. d & dear Sir | very truly yours | W. Wilson
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+I shall forward this Evening to Biggs a very extraordinary Phenomenon in the vegetable Kingdom, viz, a Plant of the Primula vulgaris & P. veris united on the same Root. I am inclined to think that of all the Varieties, I may say endless varieties; to which these two species are subject, an Instance of the like kind has never before occurred. Professor Martyn assures me he never before heard of such a Thing. In a very large collection presented to the Horticultural Society it is noticed that even the P. veris & P. elatior have never run into the same "Plant," much less has the P. vulgaris united with either of them. Biggs says he never heard of any Thing of the kind. It is my Intention to draw up a Paper on Mules (which indeed I have already done) & if it be thought worth reading to the Phil. Soc. I shall do so. I wish to have the Plant accurately figured. Therefore should you not have the opportunity of employing your own Pencil would you have the Kindness to engage some one to do it. I send the Plant to Biggs because I wish him to put it into the Shade, thinking that the Blue will be more distinct by that means.
+Will you have the goodness to inform me upon the two following Points, viz, whether Mules in the animal World ever Breed? & whether, (in the same Department) Mules are ever produced from different Genera? I know not that there is any Mule amongst Quadrupeds except that from the Horse and Ass which certainly does not propagate. I am totally unacquainted with Ornithology & therefore do not know whether the Canary & Linnet are of the same Genus. I know bird Fanciers in London have mules from them as well as other birds but I am likewise misinformed whether the Cross stops with the first Generation.
+I believe there is a Collection of Shells for us at Kimbolton Portsmouth from my friend Col. Gresmork (Greswall?) at Ceylon, which have unfortunately got into the Hands of the Custom House, i.e. they are seized. They were brought over by Lt. Col. Campbell of the 45 th. I have every Reason to think they are consigned to me but do not know it for a Certainty. I think it would be proper at all Events to get your Master to write a Note to Lord Palmerston, since the Revenue Officers pillage every Thing they lay hold on– I have ascertained the fact that he has got a package of Shells & I have no doubt they are for us. If there are any Plants & seeds amongst them they will be good for nothing if detained–
I had a letter from Winch the other Day, who informed me that he had sent you [illeg] some valuable Collections of Shells Specimens of north Country Plants. It is since I saw you; have you received them?
+Ask Sedgwick what he thinks about increasing the Subscription from £1.1 to £2.2 in the Phil: Soc: & giving the Report. By this Plan our funds might be a little better for the Museum & no one feel himself poorer than he was. The Transactions cost the Members about a Guinea in 18 months, consequently in three Years the Society would gain 1 Guinea, which never would be felt by the Members. I would however have this fund exclusively applied to the Purchase of Objects in Natural History. I had the misfortune on Thursday last to break my leg. It is not a bad fracture, but I shall be confined for some time to my Room. I am agitating the Erection of a House. I have so many Chances of Foreign Correspondence that I think I can be of service to the Botanical Garden & increase my own Collection as well–
Make my best compliments to Mrs Henslow & with every wish for your Happiness & welfare– If possible let me hear from you by Return of Post?
+Believe me Dr Henslow | Yours ever J. T. Huntley
+P.S. As the Duke’s Gardener is out I cannot gather Plants packed & consequently it will not go before Friday, by which Time I hope to hear from you as to what can be done towards procuring a figure of it–
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+It is very difficult to form an idea of the value of one collection of plants without seeing them. I knew Sir Theo. Gage & many of his plants; & generally speaking what he collected himself were good & beautifully preserved. He had some good Portuguese plants, a portion of which he gave to me: & what Cryptogamia he collected in the South of Ireland & those which he received from the Miss Hutchens are interesting. So that had you the offer of the whole of his collection I should say they are cheap at 25£. But as you say tell me part of them only is offered I hardly know what to say. The best part may & probably is retained by his own family & what they propose to dispose of may be duplicates only, & they probably unnamed. The 200 Italian plants are good if named.– but Schleicher’s plants are trash. £25 will now a days buy 2,500 species if European plants well named, & at the dearest rate. You know the Unio Itinerario offered their plants at about 30 s the 200. Reichenbach now offers (& I have just sent Hunneman an order for a set of of German plants at 5 dollars the 100, beautifully dried & carefully named. Still I am willing to allow that the circumstance of the collection you allude to, having been Sir Theo. Gage’s, increases their value:& if there are a 1000 named species, Cryptogamia or otherwise, exclusion of Schleicher’s, I should say they are not dear. You should ask the family to give you in a collection of drawings of the Lichens of the Pleomyxa (?) family done by Sir Theo. s himself which were very beautiful.
I am truly glad to find you expressing a hope that you may visit Scotland this year. Can you not come before the end of June? I think at that time of going, not to Killin as usual, with my students, but to Inverary to explore 2 or 3 mountains in that neighbourhood. The Minister of Inverary, a fair Botanist & a particular friend of mine has offered to be our guide; & he is well acquainted with the whole country. I have just had a letter from Wilson who has returned to Warrington after an absence I think of more than a year. He has laid in a vast stock of specimens & of knowledge too, & I hope he will publish specimens of his Mosses. I have induced him to give some descriptions to Sowerby for his Supplement of Engl. Bot. y What he undertakes he will do well. He is really a very extraordinary man & I scarcely know which to admire most his botanical acuteness or his private worth & character.
M. rs Hooker & I both hope that when you travel in Scotland, M. rs Henslow will be with you. It will give us such pleasure to offer her every attention in our power & & if she has not yet visited the north she will see much to admire.
Ever most | truly & faithfully yours |W. J. Hooker
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+The Committee of the Society for diffusion of useful Knowledge direct me to thank you very sincerely for the trouble that you have taken in communicating to them your opinion of Vegetable Physiology II, a task which they would not have imposed on you, if they had not thought that their duty to the public ought to be preferred to an courtesy towards their Colleague, whose work however they have had much reluctance in rejecting.
+I am Sir your very faithful | Servant | Thomas Coates
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+I am ashamed that I have never before acknowledged the receipt of the very valuable packet of specimens you were so kind as to send me. Having now got my plants up from Cheshire I shall lose no time in making up a parcel for you. By some mistake the packet containing my Irish plants is not with the rest. Of these the only really rare ones are Arbutus unedo, Stachys ambigua & Trichomanes brevisetum. The first & last I gathered with Wilson so you have perhaps already received them from him but the other I think he did not find. I shall therefore if they do not arrive in time for this parcel enclose them in another before the season is over as there are some of your desiderata of which I have no duplicates by me but which I can easily procure in the ensuing Spring & Summer.
+In sending you parcels I shall not conform myself strictly to your desiderata but send you duplicates of rare or local plants which if you already possess you can give to the best Botanists of the Class or dispose of in exchanges or in any other way you think fit.
+I received a very long & interesting letter from Wilson a few days ago full of valuable remarks on various plants. I also had a very precious parcel of specimens from the Rev d G E Smith containing among others Cyperus longus & Orobanche caryophyllacea. Is he a correspondent of yours? I think he could send you a good many rare plants.
If you are not already acquainted with my friend Mr Arnott of Edinburgh I strongly advise you to open a correspondence with him.
+He has botanized extensively with M r Bentham in the South of France & Pyrenees & wants to send you a very valuable collection of the plants of that part of Europe as well as some rare British ones.
I know he is in want of some of the rare Cambridge Plants & when I was in Edinburgh he talked of writing to you & offering to exchange Exotic Plants for these.
+Perhaps he has already done so. His address is G A Walker Arnott Esq., Advocate, 7 S t John Street Edinburgh.
Excuse the freedom of my remarks – I am only anxious to shew you every opportunity of benefiting your Herbarium. By the bye would any seeds from Barbadoes be useful to your Botanic Garden? I have just received some but unfortunately without their scientific names.
+Some of the local names are odd enough as “Old Maids” – “Pigeons dung” &c &c &c Perhaps you will let me know.
+There is one marked “plant from which Noyau is made” – it is evidently the seed of a species of Ipomea or Convolvulus & besides abounding in prussic acid contains a great deal of saccharine matter. I enclose a few if you like to grow it.
+Believe me | yours very truly | W Christy Jr
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+As a naturalist I take the liberty of writing to you begging you will excuse my freedom in this respect I propose to you an exchange in Dried specimens of British plants hoping that some of our Richmond Plants will be acceptable to you, I sent you last autumn by Mast. r Hutton Macmichael a small specimen of Melampyrum montanum of Johnstons Flora of Berwick I think it is a distinct species but it was a bad specimen I having given away the best I had by me before he was in Richmond, but I can procure abundance of it this year if it will be acceptable to you – I insert below a list of my desiderata, also some of our rarer Richmond plants which I can procure, should this proposal meet your approbation I shall be glad to hear from you soon as the spring is fast advancing.
I am Dear Sir yours &c– | James Ward Druggist Richmond York s.
I should be much obliged for any of the above with duplicates of any of them you can conveniently spare, or any other rare plants you may have to spare.
+ +Plants growing in the neighbourhood of Richmond
+ +I shall be very happy to get you any of the above specimens should you approve of the proposal. Obs. We might send a parcel of plants By my friends Messrs Fither who are frequently going too & fro Cambridge.
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+I intend to trouble you with another list of our desiderata—not expecting that you will bother yourself with it among your better employments, but thinking it possible that you may have an opportunity of shewing it to some British Collector who may be willing to assist us—I don’t like to lose sight of our acquaintance, for though I am not worthy of it as a Botanist as yet, I trust in time to be able to hold converse with you— My time is too much occupied to make discoveries of my own but I continue to read most of those (in the physiological department,) which appear in the (foreign)! publications of the day—with this I must remain content.—The duty of detailing them to my Class keeps me well employed for every moment I can spare to our Science from those other engagements which I am obliged to attend to to procure a living—We are not here as at some universities sufficiently paid to allow of our devoting our undivided attention to the duties of our Professorships.
+Believe me | with much esteem | yrs very sincerely | J S Henslow
+
+ On printed pamphlet 2 pp Botanical Museum and Library
Cambridge, March 25, 1828
+[includes: ‘Desiderata to the British Museum’]
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+I had the pleasure of receiving your Letter, in which you kindly say you will name me to some of your Friends here; I really feel greatly indebted to you for this act of Friendship, which will be of essential Service to me, for as I am almost unknown to the People in & around Richmond, I shall have difficulty, even with introductions from the Family of my Predecessor in establishing myself in the confidence of His Patients; People do not easily allow themselves to be as it were transferred from one Medical Man to another, especially to a Stranger and I shall have on that account enough to contend with until I am better known–
+I would have returned you my thanks for your kind Letter sooner, but I wished to see your Brother again & say how I found Him, & when I did see Him after receiving your Letter His situation appeared to me so doubtful & continued so for some time, that I really felt at a loss what to say to you; when I saw Him however two days ago, I was pleased to find that he had improved both in strength & in the Symptoms of his Disease, & most sincerely do I hope that the improvement will continue & be progressive.
+You are of course fully informed as to his actual state of Health, & therefore I need not speak of it further than to say that with great apprehensions of the result, I am still in hopes that Organic Lesion may not have taken place in the Lungs, & that the return of mild & warm weather which will admit of a change to Hastings or elsewhere, will be effectual in restoring Him to Health; it will do more for him than Medicine. I am grieved I cannot pay him the attention I wish as I cannot often get up to Town–
+I am glad to find the Insect has proved of interest; I wish I could afford any thing like a satisfactory account of its Local History, but I never could ascertain more than that it was found by a Native on a Resinous Shrubby Plant in the Island of Chiloe, which is only separated by a very narrow channel from the Main Land of Valdivia. The period of the year when found I could not learn but it was brought to me in Jan. y the middle of the summer there, & must have been recently found when I received it– I still consider that I have to send you Specimens of any interesting Minerals I may have, but as you may suppose I have had no time of late to look them over–
I remain |my Dear Sir |yours very faithfully |Geo: Grant
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+The favourable reception which you gave to my last communication induces me to send you a list of some of the plants growing in this neighbourhood. The great brevity is owing to the short time of my residence here, and that time not the most suitable for botanical research. It may perhaps appear unnecessary to send the names of so few, but I feared lest specimens of some now in flower might be desirable, which, if I waited much longer, I could not obtain. This neighbourhood seems very favourable for plants– Goring itself being situated on the Thames, embosomed in chalk hills and surrounded by extensive beech woods – and I somewhat regret the cursory manner, in which owing to my short stay here, I shall be compelled to investigate it. I should be glad to know whether it will be agreeable to you that I continue to collect specimens, if so it will give me much pleasure to do it, as it will my friend H. Lowe, who is with me here–
+Believe me to remain | yours much obliged | Leicester Darwall
+
+
+
+
*The chief cause of my doubts respecting this plant [Ornithogalum pyrenaicum in the list], is time of its flowering – I saw it first on the 28 th of last month– I look forward to large discoveries among the Orchideae, – several are mentioned in the Eng.Fl. as growing in the vicinity.
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+I have numbered off some plants in the list which you have sent me, but I rather desire to know whether it is your wish to have more specimens of 8. Carex laevigata, 14 Orobanche caryophyll. 15. Ophrys fucifera, which I believe I sent you. May I suggest a small number numeral, running from first to last of in a list of desiderata? It would, I should think, save you especially, & your correspondents much when writing upon individual species.
I have been carefully examining Chrysosplenium, & find no exception to the following character of either species:
+1. C. alternifolium. One ancillary flower destitute of a floral leaf. Styles erect.
+2. C. oppositifolium. All the flowers with floral leaves. Styles curved outwards.
+…………………………….
+1. Radical leaves. Kidney shaped. Anthers oblong, in four distinct lobes. Filaments erect.
+2. Radical leaves rounded produced at the base. Anthers ovate. 4 Filaments converging.
+……………………………..
+1. Fruit, with its pedicle, infundibuliform. Segments of the crenate leaves overlapping.
+2. Fruit obovate, tetragonous. Segments of the roughly crenate leaves obsolete in the radical leaves.
+The characters are placed in the order of their importance or prominence. C. oppositifolium occurs, I much suspect, very rarely with alternate leaves: & thence confusion may have arisen. Both species grow together in profusion here. I have not remarked that in 1. the stem is triangular; in 2. rather compressed. with a channel upon each edge [drawing]; because the character depends upon the position of the leaves: nor again, that the clasping base of the floral leaves in 2. is much broader than in 1: nor lastly that in 1. the calyx, after flowering, spreads widely: as but in 2. is erect, often convergent. – These are not all trivial characters?
I will press specimens of both for you: & do my best to obtain seed of both: but the capsules of 1. are a favourite food with some slug or insect.
+D. r Hooker tells me that Oenanthe crocata gives out no yellow juice; & that his Oen. apiifolia is the Oen. crocata of English Botany. I have proved the truth of this remark by wounding several young plants.
The variety of creeds upon the subject of specific distinction , of which you complain, is indeed amusing, but very unphilosophical. What are we to think of the principles of this our favourite science when no two botanists appear to agree upon them? Confusion daily accumulates: & the processes of combination & destruction go on with an activity almost uniform, as though specific distinction was a powerful chemical agent which we are at liberty to apply either in decompounding or combining: while the fashion of the day supplies a menstrum for experiment, at one moment a gas, at another a liquid, always alas! too volatile for the test of that heat, to which all our solutions are ultimately submitted, whether it be the fire-heat of criticism, or the burning glass of truth & research.
+Now you have, indeed, amusement enough, in my “original observations”. I have nothing more to add at present, except my best thanks for your letter, & the assurance of my good wishes, & devotion,
+yours very sincerely | G. E. Smith
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+I have a few plants for you in your packet, but not enough to make them worth the Carriage– You will see my list of desiderata still continues very formidable– Have you published a new one lately.– If you have pray send it, & with it any list of our Cambridge plants of w ch you would like to possess duplicates, & I will endeavour to preserve them during the summer.– I have now several friends here who collect & will help me to any of our local species–
Believe me | Y rs. very sincerely | J S Henslow
Endorsement by Winch: Answered | April 28 th 1831 | Oct 25 1831 | With Catalogue Enclosure
Printed pamphlet 3pp
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+On my arrival in Town on Saturday I found your letter of Feb.24 th. I shall very readily receive Jn. Henslow together with any other Candidates on a title to your Curacy. – My ordination will take place on Sunday April 11 th & the Candidates are to be with me on the preceding Friday, April 9 th at ten o’clock, in order that they may be examined. Mr Henslow will be so good as to forward his Papers to me at least three weeks before the time I have mentioned.
I am Sir your | Obed. & faithful Servant | Bishop Ely
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+Acknowledges receipt of package of plant specimens from JSH and explains that he has not had time to add them to the Herbarium.
+Has been working on a botany paper for new edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. After this, working with William Jackson Hooker on The Botany of Captain Beechey's Voyage.
Making plans to move to property in Kinrossshire, which is being extended to contain library and plants. Plans to provide JSH with dried willow specimens with names from Botanic Garden Edinburgh.
+I take great blame to myself for not having acknowledged the receipt of your packet sooner. I received it on my arrival in Edinburgh for the winter – but have just been since so engaged with writing that I have not looked at a plant in my herbarium that I admit immediate reference to the subject. Your packet therefore though looked over and containing much that I wished, has not yet found its way into my cabinet, indeed including those I have lately received from the East I. Co. y, Unio Itineraria, and private correspondents. I believe I have not fewer than 10 or 15 thousand specimens to intercalcate. Being so much in arrears, I can scarcely say when I shall commence again the looking out of my duplicates. Indeed were I to postpone doing so till I get my own Herbarium in order, I should exhaust the patience of all my friends, and must therefore do what I can to serve them before myself. The paper I have been engaged in, the Art. Botany for the new Edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica, has occupied me all winter, and cannot easily be finished for a fortnight yet, after which I must go to Glasgow and work with D. r Hooker till we get other two no. s of our Botany of Cap. n Beechey’s voyage ready. Then, instead of taking my usual business trip to the Highlands, I shall work at home. My time however, I forsee must be much broken in upon. Some months ago I formed a resolution to quit Edinburgh, and reside on my small property in Kinrossshire: to contain my books and plants, it was however necessary that I build an addition of two rooms to my house. These I have partly to superintend during the summer, nor do I expect they can be in readiness before the middle of August. Then the trouble of removing my library, will be considerable, and it may even possibly see the winter months approach before I get comfortably again into my study. When once rooted in the country I shall having nothing to interrupt me, and shall be then I expect able to repay my kind friends for what I have received: but I may perhaps be able to do so previously.
Owing to the bad weather our last years excursions to the highlands were rather unproductive. But I hope to be able to furnish you with a good many willows with names, having last summer dried them from the Bot. Garden of Edin. r, received a collection from Mr. Forbes (Woburn abbey), and another from Mr Borrer. What I give, although not always native spems I hope may be therefore well named.
Believe me yours very truly and sincerely |G. Walker Arnott
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+When keeping term at Downing I had the pleasure of being introduced to you. You will I hope excuse the liberty I take in troubling you. I have nearly completed a collection of the British grasses, and only want those mentioned on the other side, would you have the goodness to furnish me with a specimen of any of them that may be growing in the Botanic Garden. I have obtained some from the Oxford Garden but these were not growing there. Should I have any you may wish to procure, it will give me great pleasure to send them.
+With apologies for thus troubling you
+Believe me | yours obliged |Heneage Gibbes
+Perennial (Roots)
+Alopecurus fulvus
+Polypogon littoralis
+Sesleria caerulea
+Poa flexuosa (spiculis viviparis)
+Spartana (sic) stricta
+Annual (Seeds or Roots)
+Knappia agrostidea
+Milium lendigerum
+Digitaria sanguinalis
+Festuca bromoides
+_______ uniglumis
+Bromus squarrosus
+Lagurus ovatus
+Lolium arvense
+Phleum Boehmeri
+______ Michelii
+______ alpinum
+Alopecurus alpinus
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+This morning’s post, my Dear Sir, afforded me much pleasure, in presenting me with you Letter. In the secluded life of a country Parson, to be remembered by those we esteem, is one of the few gratifications which fall in my way. You may depend on my best attention, bad as it may prove, to your Desiderata. Alas! They remind me, forcibly, of my own necessities; & yet there are some things which I hope to send you. Except Carex Vahlii, & a few things I already possessed, from M. r Greville, I have not had one solitary donation. That said, equally, liberal & scientific L. L. D. volunteered his assistance in the Algae – but his avocations have left me as bare as his promises found me. I own that want of communication has relaxed, considerably, my Botanical furor. There are so many doubts & difficulties in the study, which, even a well stocked library cannot set at rest, that a diminution of zeal, as well as pleasure, is no very unnatural occurrence. I have bought the works of our two Doctors – Hooker & Greville, “Arcades asubo”, & have given them away, claiming no merit from bestowing tools which I could not handle, upon those who could.
This is nearly all a Veteran can; & let me add, somewhat more than every Veteran is disposed to do: but n’importe! As I passed through Cambridge, last Summer, I left a bad specimen of Monardia for you, which I scratched out of a rotten mass of jumbled reliquiae in Sowerby’s Collection: too bad, no doubt, to prevent its being still wanting to your collection. Do you know Borrer? He is one of the Lynx-eyed Tribe, & a most kindly, liberal man. Experto crede, an application from you w. d not be a barren effort.
I fear it is useless to invite you into these back-settlements – which, by the bye, are not without their comforts. The long promised Bottle, of either Port or Claret, sh d be drawn from the “Jas Binn, & right kindly would I join you in its drainage! Perhaps the time may come; & I will only add, the sooner the better!
With my best respects to M. rs Henslow,
I am, Dear Sir, y. r sincere Friend & obliged servant | James Dalton
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+You have rightly conjectured the cause of my not having acknowledged the arrival of the plants you were so kind as to send me. The truth is I am so overwhelmed with occupations that I can only find time for the most urgent of the many matters that press upon me. I was very much obliged to you for the China specimens, which contain a number of curiosities. What a pity they are so terribly squeezed! A short time since I turned some of them in & noted down a few names which I could but with one or two exceptions they are probably no information to you. As to the Cyperaceae, Ferns & Grasses – you will find a great many of them among Wallich’s, particularly the first. But that part of my Collection from him not being in order I cannot compare them at present. I will note down any of your numbers which I may from time to time, determine & communicate them
+I have read Schultz paper with attention. How are we to reconcile his acct. of the functions of [illeg] with Bischoff’s experiment with which you are no doubt acquainted. They cannot both be right.
+Ever Yours truly | John Lindley
+I will not forget your wishes about drawings
+ + + +Chinese plants to be named for J. S. Henslow (written by JSH)
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+I will endeavour to let you have the descriptions of the “Chiasognathus Grantii” if possible by Monday next but at all events during the ensuing week if not ready by the above day – the Plate is in a state of slow growth & I was on the point of writing to you respecting it, as to the “Lettering” & Number of the Plate; also whether the Society has a protecting mark.– “Published by etc” which are necessary to be attended to, before the plate can be printed off. I also want to furnish the printer & colourist with the numbers required – both plain and coloured – and when I have all the particulars ill.del. the plate can be finished.
I expected to have described the said beetle long since, but I have had so much to do to work up the arrears of my book, & unfortunately the damp has attacked some of my drawers in so deplorable a manner, that I have lost an immense deal of time in restoring them to their original state (as near as practicable), but many of the delicate species, I fear, are irreparably lost; I must therefore replace what I can during the coming summer.–
+Your numbers were sent off in due course on the 1 st, but as I did not employ my usual messenger (he being engaged on that day) they were probably too late in reaching P.N.Row, as it was an old man that carried them & he could not walk very quick. A Plate of Lepidoptera No. 32 (I believe) is not yet published, it comes out, if possible, with the covers on the 30 th next.
Remember me kindly to L. Jenyns when you see him, his three weeks or a month are a very long time approximately; I will be happy to see him when he does come to town.
+I am in great haste| yours very truly |J.F.Stephens
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+I thank you a thousand times for your most kind favor of the 3 rd March which reached me yesterday and for the interesting List of the Botanical Museum at Cambridge.
It is with heartfelt satisfaction I inform you that I have got another years leave to remain here, to commence from the 1 st inst; the orders have passed not only the Court of Directors but the Board of Control, and the official letter to me from the India House to that effect is safely in my custody & regularly endorsed. This I mention by way of shewing that nothing can happen to drive me away within the said period. But that I have been this fortunate in obtaining the object of my most anxious wishes – whom have I to thank – next to my generous & magnificent masters – but You, my highly esteemed Sir, You & those other dear friends & patrons who, by urging the Directors of the Company to take a favourable view of my case, have done me such eminent service? I declare to you that, had it not been for the strong, & I had almost said irresistible arguments made use of by my friends in their communications to Lord Ashley – each of which were placed before the Court of Directors, I should have despaired of success, and with very good reason.–
Again & again accept my heartfelt thanks. I will repay the interest of my debt to you when I return to India – till then – and ever after, reckon on my warm gratitude.
+I write this in excessive haste and full of trouble & cares; for I have more to do now than ever I had before. You will receive the continuation of my Catalogue to sheet 134 – in the course of next week. Shall you be in town soon? Never come here without gratifying me with a call
+Believe me, my dear Sir, with the greatest regard |Yours most truly & obliged |C. Wallich
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+Many thanks for your kind communication. I am labouring under an attack which quite incapacitates me from entering into any discussion or controversy, were my heart ever so warmly engaged in it: In the present instance, notwithstanding my personal attachment to Lord Palmerston, which is of the strongest nature, I can only remain quiet here, & wait for the removal of my complaint by time & medicine.
+L d. P.’s obligations to you are incalculably great.
Believe me, my dear Professor | most sincerely yours | J. Wood
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+Your list of Desiderata, like my own, begins to comprise nothing but rarities and doubtful natives. However during the course of the summer I hope to pick up a few specimens for you, two or three of the Roses mentioned grow in this neighbourhood & some other plants within reach. Lindleys Rubi form a part of your catalogue – if you have Rubus fruticosus, corylifolius & glandulosus you want but few of the Blackberries, except the Highland species R. suberectus & probably the R. leucostachys, neither of which are indigenous here.– Though I do not grudge the carriage of packets from good botanists yet cash may be as well saved.– & as my old friend Huntley of Kimbolton is in constant communication with his relations here, he could transmit me, without inconvenience, anything you may be so kind as send. Probably I have mentioned that exotics, even garden specimens if rare are extremely acceptable – my Herbarium of foreign plants far exceeding in number my british one. If you should see our friend Sedgwick I think he would add a copy of his last address to the Geol: Soc y to your parcel, and pray ask him where Sharks teeth have been found in the carboniferous Limestone of Northumb. d? I cannot help suspecting some mistake, as was the case with the head of a Saurian animal sent to the York museum by Vernon.– That was found in the diluvium. The Natural History Society here are printing my Catalogue Raisonné of the North. d & Durham Flora, it is an extensive one being the result of more than thirty years attention to the subject, when finished, a copy shall be sent you.– In it the three common Primula are made var. s (alpha, beta & gamma symbols) – according to your suggestion, & Anagallis arvensis & coerulea.– alpha & beta – On many species of Rosa & Salix I have had no mercy. They have been long under my notice.– I suspect Juncus nigrisellus grows with us– but the sp. s sent me are not good enough to settle to my satisfaction.
Believe me to be | my dear Sir | yours very sincerely |Nat. J s . Winch
[Printed list of desiderata appended]
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+Having received the two Vols of Meigan I think it best to forward them to you, believeing that M. r Jenyns is desirous of having his
I was much obliged by the Plants you sent both of which I drew, the insects also were very acceptable. As I leave town the end of May I know I shall shall not see you & I beg you will not send any Plants at that time nor during June
Give my best remembrances to your Brother & Mr Sulivan
+& believe me in haste | yours most truly | J. Curtis
+The 2 vols of Meigen are at 16s 1. 12. 0
+& the 31 st May 1828 the 7. th part of 11.6
Sturm’s Deuts Faun.
+2. 3. 6
+[In J.S.H. handwriting: ‘P d thro’ Stevens’]
Be so good as to let M. r Babington have the enclosed in a few days
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+I fear you will think that I have quite forgotten my promise of sending you some of my duplicates of rare plants. On looking over the last list of your desiderata I am quite sorry to see how few there are which I am at present able to supply.
+I think there are only 8 or 9 to which I have added about 20 species of plants which are not absolutely common. But I still consider it a very poor return for the valuable parcel you sent me almost every species of which was rare or local.
+In the course of the Season I hope to meet with some more of your desiderata & expect in a few days to get one of them Leucojum aestivum
+
As the Barbadoes Seeds were old & I did not hear from you I sowed them that no time might be lost. They are now many of them growing & should you wish for any when they will bear removal they are at your service. The Noyau Berries vegetated very freely. In putting by specimens for me I beg you will not (where you have them to spare) confine yourself to my list of desiderata as I have several correspondents in the North who are very desirous of getting some of the rare Southern Plants particularly the local ones of Cambridge. I am writing this in great haste for the Coach & must therefore conclude.
+Believe me my dear Sir | yours very truly | W. Christy J r
+
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+I fear I shall appear neglectful in not having sooner acknowledged your very Polite and obliging Letter dated the 29. th of October last with the little Box of Land and Fresh Water Shells that accompanyed it, did not reach me until about the middle of January at which time I was preparing to leave Home on Business and did not return until last week. I feel extremely thankful to you for indulging me with some of the Shells from your Neighbourhood tho’ I am sorry to add that they are mostly old friends but being fresh and good specimens make them very acceptable. I beg leave to assure you that I will not omit any opportunity which may offer of procuring Animals or Shells on this coast and put them by for your Philosophical Society that appear to me worthy conveyance to Cambridge.
With Respect I am Sir | your Obedient Servant | William Lyons
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+Herewith you will receive a parcel of Plants which I trust will be acceptable to you. I take the present opportunity of sending them by M. r Fisher– Others in your list which I can procure I shall collect as they come into flower and send at some future opportunity I am sorry I could not procure better specimens of Gagea lutea for you. It is in such a situation that the Cattle eat it as it comes up – perhaps another season may be more favourable for it– The Daphne mezereum appears to be perfectly wild growing plentifully although the hedge in which it grows has been cut down this spring and the Mezereum along with it, but next year I hope to see it very fine– The Ribes spicatum is not to be found near Richmond, nor by the Tees in M. r Edw d. Robson’s habitat, I made inquiry of M. r W m Backhouse of Darlington who was related to E. Robson and he informs me that the R. spicatum is only a hybrid var: between R. petraeum and R. alpinum and I think it very probable as we have the R. petraeum growing abundantly by the banks of the Swale and R. alpinum in the woods adjoining – I am sorry I have only one specimen of Lysimachia punctata for you – I was at Darlington last summer & could not find a single plant in flower. I suspect some persons had been there before me and collected all they could find in flower – I send you a willow which I cannot find named in Smiths Eng. Flora– It grows by the edge of a large pool of water covering probably an acre of ground near Wensley in Wensleydale I was rather too late for gathering it as the catkins were fallen off there is only 1 tree which I could see and I was attracted by its dark brown or almost black stem which in drying assumes a glaucous hue the Plant is Monadelphous the Stamens being united about ½ way up. I shall be glad to have your opinion of it, also of all the other Salices which I send you, you will be as good as examine as some of them probably may be wrong named. I not having had much experience in this difficult genus– I send you also a Fedia, which I am not certain of. The capsules are slightly hairy and the lower ones placed in the forks of the branches, is it F. mixta of Hooker– I shall be very glad to hear from you at any early convenient opportunity. I also send you a full list of my Desiderata of Duplicates not having had sufficient room in my former letter to you–
I am Dear Sir yours sincerely | Ja. s Ward
Obs. The Red Scar is a steep precipice of Limestone Rock turned carboniferous or metalliferous below which runs the river Swale. It is situated about 3 miles west of Richmond.– Downholme Scar is about ½ a mile further west on the same range of Rock.–
+N.B. I shall be glad to have your opinion of the following plants which I send you–
+ +N.B. I shall be glad to have your opinion of the following plants which I send you.
+ +
+
+
+
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+Many thanks for your letter on pollen–which I shall try to make use of by a slight verbal alteration.–
+I return Decandolle & if you will return a shirt & neck-cloth which I borrowed from “the first of men.” I shall be obliged to you for I forgot to give then when he was here–
+Perhaps Hans Sloanes name of the bean or Lenticuli is wrong now– p. 76–
+You will think perhaps that I am giving myself range enough in your depart t., but I lay claim of all change, or causes of change, in organic or inorganic nature– I do not want to accumulate examples of precisely, same kinds of migration but if I have omitted any principles or modificate any principle pray give it me–
As we are pushing on I shall be glad if you can be prompt as heretofor–
+I shall want Amici for a fortnight at least–
+Bartram was only 3.6. so that may stand me–
+believe very truly yours | Chas Lyell.
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+I profited much by your hints & therefore shall continue to avail myself of your kind aid— I hope your brother in law is returned— Can he tell me exactly what is the fact about the want of reptiles in Ireland[.] Have they none of ours? which? Two whole days are always lost by the war office parcels those clerks I suppose (the lounging newspaper-reading of Canning) do not bestir themselves— Send by coach— I never grudge carriage if I gain one correction in a sketch or have the satisfaction of none being thought necessary—
+I was very glad to hear of Mrs Henslow being well over her confinement.
+The new Edinb. Rev w June 1831 — p. 336 says that cocoa nuts & other fruits cannot float till they are dead, & so cannot be drifted till they have lost power of germination" This is all fudge? Humboldt somewhere describes the upsetting of a boat canoe at Cumana & the boys swimming after the floating cocoa-nuts—
very truly y rs | Cha Lyell
Is not Herodotus's story of lions having inhabited Thrace & Macedonia given out? Did not Aristotle shew that he gave had no faith in it? | Friday
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+I avail myself of the opportunity which M. r Steele’s return to Cambridge presents to send you some specimens of plants which are neither as numerous nor, I regret, so good as I could have wished. During this summer I have as yet had leisure for only one botanical walk, & that was limited to an afternoon so that I have been obliged to employ my pupils to gather specimens, & as they are young in Botany, they often do not succeed in procuring what they are sent for. I hope during what remains of summer to procure many contained in your list, & will transmit by some future opportunity. I have just ascertained that our Oenanthe crocata is not the true plant, but probably the Oen. apiifolia of Hooker, & now that attention has been directed to it I would not wonder if the latter should turn out the more common plant. I am pretty sure that the Tropogon (sic) major is the usual Scottish species, for the Edinburgh Tragopogon is the same as ours, if a specimen of the latter lately sent would allow me to decide.
I had hoped to have been able to have sent you by this time the 2 Vol. of my Flora, but the convenience of the printer has detained it a long time in the press. It is I believe all printed with the exception of the Index, so that in a few weeks I shall send it by M. r Loudon as originally proposed.
I am happy to say that the study is on the increase in our neighbourhood. When I published the first vol. I do not think there was another, with the exception of my friend M. r Baird, in the county who paid any attention to the subject. There are now 6 or 7 botanists, or would-bees in the town itself, and several also scattered over the county – so numerous indeed are we that we begin to speak of forming ourselves into a Botanical Club – Society being rather too dignified a denomination for us embryos.
I am D. Sir, | with much regard | yours truly | George Johnston
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+Accept two or three specimens which will, I trust, be acceptable to you. I send them by a kind friend, M. r Glennie of Trinity.
There is a young man in this country, John Macdiarmid, who, may be called almost a native of Ceylon, who had bought with him a very large collection of drawings of the native plants of that Island, & who is desirous of employment in his favourite art, botanical painting. Can you point out to me any method of assisting him in his object – & do you look after such things as original draughts of plants?
+Believe me, my dear Sir, |in much haste, | most truly yours | Gerard E Smith
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+As I know the affection you had for my dear brother, I consider it due to you, to inform you myself of the sad event that has taken place. I think he would be pleased that I did so– He came here as you know in bad health, but we all thought that care w. d quite restore him. When he wrote to you last he was very weak and scarcely able to hold the pen. He was taking mercury, so we thought nothing of it. He lost the yellow color he had but certainly looked very ill. He became very heavy & drowsy last Wednesday, & did not always speak coherently, that we thought was weakness, and as he had constant visits from a D. r we were not alarmed, on Saturday he slept the whole day, but seemed very comfortable but in the night he became quite delirious, we got his D. rs immediately, he was bled & his head blistered, but something gave way in his head, and alas! I cannot write it – he was not quite himself but he knew me, & said “ I am quite well, quite well– ” The last words he uttered were to the D. r who was holding his hand. “ I am quite placid, & feel no pain, but my heart flutters.” He breathed very hard & quick, but I am sure he did not suffers–
All who ever knew him loved him but what he was to me his sister I cannot tell – he was my all – it is a punishment to me for loving anything here so well– I adored him– I cannot believe he is gone– I w. d not murmure it is God’s will & I try to say Thy will be done– but I fear I cannot yet– He is I trust in Heaven, “ I shall go to him but he cannot return to me.” He was always my mother’s favourite, she is very deep affliction. I hope you will forgive my writing to you as to an old friend, but I have heard of you so often from him, that I feel as if I knew you, & I am sure you sympathise in our affliction. A letter from you arrived at the moment he breathed his last. You will I hope take care of his things at Cambridge & do what s. d be done – his desk & papers looked after – but you know better than I do – We leave this next week it would be too painful to remain here where we anticipated so much pleasure with him– Should there be any thing that you wished to write about – you will be so kind as write to his brother Re.d E.B. Ramsay Dasnaway S. t Edinburgh– I have now performed this painful duty
& remain yours sincerely | L. Ramsay
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+You have learnt from my sister the afflictive dispensation with w. h it has please God to visit us – I can say with an assurance of being fully understood when I say to you – that such a friend & such a brother is not often the object of human grief – I feel most deeply – but on looking back on the past much appears of a pleasing character & many things call for my gratitude & praise to almighty God. Of these the chief is the lately increasing seriousness of my brother. He came into it gradually & happily – much of his conversation took a serious turn & his Bible was a constant companion – Now allow me to say that I have frequently remarked how much your influence under God contributed to this – yes! I say it without hesitation that I perceived the influence of your pious & judicious Christian sentiments on all occasions Oh Henslow he was much attached to you he loved you he admired you & he learned from you. I have been much pleased in hearing from my sister of the serious turn his conversations took here & that not at all in the anticipation of his end, for he never thought himself in danger & indeed the medical man never thought of danger till within 24 hours of his death – He was certainly ill when I was at Cambridge – & the organic disease had commenced its effect – but who could have anticipated so rapid a progress of that fateful work – I am desirous of availing myself of your kind advice – & perhaps you can direct me how to proceed. I would willingly spare myself the pain of a visit to Camb: but if necessary of course I must not hesitate. I will not find any unnecessary tax upon your time & your friendship & look rather for your advice & direction – He made a mem: of his disposition of effects & I believe I am left his executor. I know he left me his books – I have been talking with my mother & sister about what little remembrance of him you would like to possess. We all agree that you shall be requested to take his chimney piece clock for that purpose – Let me request of you to remove it at once & when you look at it you will think of a friend – a more sincere & a more attached one no man ever possessed–
Dear Henslow believe me | yours sincere. & affect. l | E.B.R–
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+You gave me great pleasure by favouring me with your letter of the 11 th Octobre last, which I certainly should not have left unanswered so long time, had not the loss of my grandmother and my only brother’s increasing practice and some other avocations prevented my fulfilling earlier an office, which is so very agreeable to me. I thank you heartily for the numbrous collections of brittish plants which you had the kindness to send me; and I hope to make you a similar, which one of my friends will take over to England in about two months. Most of the plants I was already possessed of, since the greater part of them grow even round our town, however as I intend not to separate them but to form a Flora Brittanica, even the most common are and shall be wellcome to me. I f you could procure me one or some specimens more of the following ones, you would oblige me very much. They are Silene maritima, Pyrola media, Orchis pyramidalis, Ophrys apifera,
+ Papaver hybridum,
+ Anagallis tenella,
+ Medicago maculata, Dianthus caryophyllus,
+ Caucalis nodosum,
+ Smyrnium olusatrum,
+ Orchis ustulata if fine specimens can be provided, Geranium columbinum,
+ Statice armeria which is rather Stat. maritima, Glaucium violaceum, Ballota nigra, Picris echioides,
+ Senecio tenuifolius, Salvia verbenaca,
+ Sison ammomum, Rosa arvensis,
+ Ligusticum scoticum. If possible let the Specimens be somewhat larger and more complete; flowers, leaves, seeds, and in the anual (sic) plants the root, being often necessary to be sure of the identity of the Species.
Forgive my being so very intruding and allow me to assure you of the highest considerations of | Sir | your most obedient Servant | Dr. Justus Radius | Leipsic May. 28. 24.
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+I owe you many thanks for your kind letter. By accident I had previously heard through Brougham of the sad event of poor Ramsay’s death, and although from a note I had from Ramsay before he went to Scotland, & from his letter forwarded to you at S. t Albans (which I have now in my possession) I had become in some degree alarmed about him. I did not look for so sudden a dismemberment of my affections as I, within del. yourself & not a few others, must now feel in the loss of so excellent a friend. How often have I thought & spoken of him with pride as a man without a fault! It is a better feeling I hope than pride which now communicates to us, whom he has left, the inexpressible comfort of looking back upon that part of his character, which consisted in such rare qualities of moral worth, as he possessed.
Among his papers you will find somewhere a note of hand which I gave him for £1200, a sum which I borrowed of him; – on the back of the note I dare say you will find a memorandum of £100 repaid, so that my debt is now £1100 which I am prepared to pay into Fisher’s Bank. I am rather desirous of doing so as soon as you will give me authority to do so. The note you will have the goodness to send to me when you have received the amount for his representatives. In November I shall owe to them in addition £33 for Int. t at 3 per cent, and also £2 for a life-interest in a freehold I have in Westmorland, which yearly payment gave him a vote for that county. This £35 I would rather pay in Nov. r than at this time, unless it be wished to have his affairs settled at an earlier period. The life Int. t he purchased of me for £18 (if I remember rightly) just before I left College. I think it would be better for me to purchase this, in doing so I must consult Brougham who knows more of the transaction than I do. M. rs Calvert has a number of volumes of the Waverley Novels & I have two Vol. s of Gibbon’s Rome which I propose sending to you towards the end of the quarter with some Books which I have from the University Library unless you would like me to send them sooner. It may be as well to observe that Ramsay would never allow me to pay him more than 3 per cent upon his loan to me that being the per-centage which he said he should have received from the Bank of Scotland.
I am truly concerned to hear from you the anticipations of sorrow which you draw from your Brother’s state of health. These are all warnings, too plain to be mistaken of the reality of our state here, that we are but strangers & pilgrims. May be we enabled to profit by them! By Ramsay’s note to you I learned that M. rs Henslow has got a son. I hope he will live to be a blessing to you both.
Believe me | yours most sincerely | Fred Calvert
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+I am got so far on my way northwards, and in a letter which I got last night I have received intelligence about Ramsay which makes me write to beg you to tell me if you have heard anything more of him since I parted with you. I would willingly believe that my correspondent may be mistaken. Address me at the Post Office Manchester where I shall be in the beginning of next week.
+I have been rambling about this country with great pleasure much delighted with the performances of the limestone and its rivers. On the whole I have had delightful weather, but my last expedition the day before yesterday was an exception. I went through Dovedale in a most persevering rain. In the middle of the glen and, of course, of the rain, I met Power, Thomas, and two other men I think both of Cambridge who were doing their duty of as seers of sights no less resolutely than Airy and myself. However Dovedale is worth a little inconvenience for I do not think anything can be more beautiful than the church part of the ravine with its spires of rock and robes of wood and mosses. Mrs Airy was is a one of our companions in the expedition of which this was a portion, but she fortunately avoided all the rainy part of our travels.
I suppose all in Cambridge is very quiet and solitary I expect to be there in about a month. Give my regards to Mrs Henslow and my love to Mesdemoiselles Fanny and Louisa. Mr Airy’s little creature is marvelously improved here, being shown incomparably more lively and intelligent than he was at Cambridge.
+Dear Henslow | yours affectionately | W. Whewell
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+I found your letter on my arrival here & feel more & more soothed & comforted as I learn your opinion of my beloved Marmaduke– I think it will be as well to procure a catalogue of the effects, that is; a list of every thing except the books could easily be made up. I shall be greatly obliged to you getting a bookseller to draw up a catalogue of the books – perhaps there may be some made of mentioning the quantity of wine. Perhaps Skinner sh’ be applied to for a statement of the Intms account & I think it probable he may expect me to write to him w. h I feel disposed to do– I found in looking over his mem: of a will that he appointed no executor. The only three persons named are my brother William now on the coast Africa my sister & myself – so that the arranging of everything will devolve upon me nearly as much as if I had been named Executor. I am much pleased with the observations you have made regarding the clock. It has occurred to me that his print or prints by Wilkie might form a good substitute, but of course any other rem ce. you prefer , you will mention– I mention the Wilkie because it is a good thing & in your mind associated with his room–
Might it not be as well to get bills sent in, as Bookseller’s book’s, tailors &c I will write to Stulty. I do not apprehend that our libraries had many books in common. The Edinb: Per: is I know a duplicate work but I think it w. d be a good present for one of his brothers. At any rate I sh. d be obliged by you getting a person accustomed to the work to make a catalogue. Bathurst’s letter has pleased me from the testimony it contains to Maramaduke’s character & pained me for the acknowledgement of his own unworthiness. I do not in the least degree understand in what his demerit consisted & shall therefore be guided entirely by your advice, should I be called upon, to act, at all where he is concerned– I
+
I regret much to hear of your anxiety on account of a brother’s state of health – be assured of every good & kind wish for you on my part and that I am
+With great regard | yours very sincerely | E.B. Ramsay
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+The day before I received your melancholy communication of the death of our friend Ramsay I had a letter from Calvert to the same effect. No event could have come me more unexpectedly. I had not even heard of his illness, except a slight indisposition which I imagined to be of no importance. For some time I have foreseen that Ramsay would not be long-lived, but I did hope to have had a longer enjoyment of his friendship, which I account one of the happiest circumstances of my life to have formed, before he went to receive his reward. The loss of Ramsay will be deeply felt not only by his friends, but by Cambridge in general. His death is a circumstance from which we ought to profit.
+You are the most proper person to have the arrangements of his affairs at Cambridge, but I fear that you will have much difficulty in the task. His only account book was his banking book – but his banking book contained all his memorabilia with regard to money matters, so that you much look to it chiefly for information. His tutors acc. ts were kept with more regularity, but I fear that even these are far from being strictly regular. I don’t know that I possess any particular information respecting his affairs that you cannot come at from other sources, but perhaps if I were at Cambridge I might be able to give you a few hints, when you have discovered your desiderata if you think that I could be at all useful. I will take the opportunity of coming down for a day or two as soon after my return as you might may suggest.
What do you suppose to do with his horse mare and books and furniture? The horse mare was bought of Gorton three years ago, and he desires me to say that if she is to be sold he should like to have the offer of her, both because she suited him, and her having belonged to Ramsay gives her add. l interest. Perhaps his book case might suit me, and I should like to purchase some of his books.
I shall be here till next Friday at all events, perhaps longer, but if you send me a letter off not later than Tuesday I shall in any case receive it. Give me some outline of what you think of doing, and if you think I can be of any service to you, pray command me.– With kindest regards to M. rs Henslow
Believe me dear Henslow | very sincerely yours | Charles Green
+I have not heard whether M. rs Henslow has yet increased her family. If you do not write so soon as Tuesday direct to me at the Rectory Burgh Castle, near Great Yarmouth.
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+I grieve to say that your informant's account of poor Ramsay was but too true– It was on the morning after you left Cambridge that I received a black seal from the town where he was & on opening the letter found all my fears realized– It contained an account from his Sister of his last movements in this world written the day after his death–
+He had been gradually getting weaker, but neither his Family nor his medical attendants anticipated a fatal termination to his distemper till within 24 hrs of his dissolution– when he became delirious– He however recovered his composure before he died & expired without pain– He had been taking mercury for his hair was affected & had considered his great debility to be owing to this medicine.
+We have thus a gap formed in our Cambridge circle which can not easily be restored. One great and happy consolation it is to us all to remember the excellence & worth of his character–which was as faultless as usually falls to the lot of the best among us–even the very best.
+I knew more of his private sentiments than most men & I would not wish to possess more sincere faith & hope than that which sustained him– & when I die, I pray that my end may be like his– I have had the melancholy task of arranging his affairs or rather am still employed in this office. His Brothers Edd. & Wm & his Sister are left in possession of his effects, but neither of them can conveniently come down. You are not likely to know any thing of his affairs– if you sd. or should know by chance of any books belonging to him which he may have lent pray inform me–
+I left Harriet & the Children at Bottisham yesterday–
+Believe me ever most sincerely | J S Henslow
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+Your letter w. h I have just received has given me unexpressible pleasure. I cannot tell you how it has soothed my feelings & what comfort I have derived from it. It is most precious to me the affectionate & pious remembrance you have of my beloved brother – accept the offering of a grateful heart for this & for all your kind & judicious arrangements – often have I prayed that God may bless you & believe me to share some of your friendship & regard will be a most valued & esteemed possession – Two keys were attached to his watch w. h will help you to procure all the rest. I shall be able I hope to send them in this letter – With regard to his clothes I think they sh. d all be disposed of where you are. Do precisely as you feel disposed inclined. I would not have any of them sent away from Cambridge – but all disposed of on the spot.– His gown might be left back till we decide further – Please do give my best regards to Mr Dawes & tell him how much I feel his delicate attention respecting the horse (from feeling how fond he was of it!) I sh d be happy indeed were he to suit Mr D – if not it sh. d be sold at once as surely it w’ be desirable to have it off our hands. As I cannot by any arrangement be able to retain it myself– It is quite correct (?) to Mr Calvert to pay that money into the bankers hand it would be the best arrangement for commanding funds to answer all demands, w h must on the whole be considerable and I think with Mr Dawes’ assistance we shall soon have things in order. Will you be so kind as settle properly & liberally with him. I had better write to Dr French. It can only be taken as a comf– t & if necessary (?) can do no harm – Indeed my feelings dictate that I ought to do so – I am writing in a hurry to save post & am
yours most truly & affectionately | E B Ramsay
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+I hope that you will excuse me troubling you but I feel so exceedingly anxious to know the particulars respecting M. r Ramsay’s death of which I have just been informed that I cannot refrain from applying to you – it was with sincere grief that I heard it for I shall never forget the extreme kindness I always experienced from him whilst resident in Cambridge – hoping that you will pardon this intrusion
believe me dear Professor | your very faithful servant | George Selby Thomson
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+The Books which I have in my possession belonging to Ramsay were the following
+Tales of my Landlord 1. st Series – Vol 4
D. o– D. o– 2 nd D. o –Vol s 1. 2. 3. 4
D. o– D. o– 3 rd D. o –Vol s 1. 2. 3. 4
Gibbon’s Decline & Fall etc– Vol. 3
+It is very kind of you to offer to get books for me from the University Library, but your help in this respect will be valuable as well as kind to me as my reading lies chiefly in books bearing upon my professional duties, and I am well aware that I should derive much benefit from your reading & knowledge on such subjects. Brougham sent me a letter which he had received from Edw. d Ramsay in w. h he mentions that Marmaduke had made left a will expressing his intention of dividing his effects between his Brother William & a Sister, with the exception of the Books which were to go to Edward. I am glad the Instrument is found, he once mentioned to me that he had made such a will. There are few who have so much reason to feel the death of Ramsay as myself, few having been so much benefited from having known him. Whether I look upon life in prospect or in retrospect there seems to be a blot upon every part of the picture – for he seems to have borne a part in a great proportion of the rational & intellectual pleasures, which I could look back upon with satisfaction, w h since I have known him well, & latterly since I have left Cambridge I have been in the habit of looking forward to his visits here with as much pleasure as a child thinks of its holidays. I hope however that we may reasonably rejoice that his life was more free from the usual cares & anxieties of the world than that of most men & that it does not appear to us how as it regards himself it could have terminated more reasonably.
Believe me | my dear Henslow | yours most sincerely| Fred Calvert
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+I am very much obliged to you for listing to me the particulars of poor Ramsay’s death. The report reached me at Birmingham on my way home, through Thackeray,
And it must lighten our grief – for though we see with sorrow & at first with a sort of painful surprise a source of much substantial good & of much innocent enjoyment to very many, so suddenly cut off yet then a light breaks through the cloud & we may perhaps in this case see though darkly what we do in all most undoubtedly believe, that so it is best
I hope M. rs Henslow is now well again & that you have been led to think too depressingly of your brother. Pray remember me very kindly to her & give a kiss to little Fanny & Louisa
Ever My Dear Henslow | your affectionate Friend | W. Worsley
+[P.S.] Since leaving Bowood where we spent two months agreeably & I hope not altogether unprofitably I made a little tour on my way into Yorksh. Whither your letter followed me-
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+I ought to have written to you before & purposed doing so, but have had some grievously distressing & perplexing business to attend to – I now am desirous of assuring you that there is no need to find yourself to the least inconvenience in expediting the affairs since there is really no cause for haste & you may require to take time & are frequently absent from Camb: Long may your beloved wife be spared to you My Dear Friend! – may God be merciful & gracious under all dispensations – it is delightful to me to read your resigned & pious dispositions & to notice the association you have made between them & the beloved memory of my brother – May you never lose hold of the motives to resignation to consolation & to a calm anticipation of the future, which the gospel so abundantly affords –may you never feel them less vividly than you do at present & may you immerse yourself in them more & more – I have expressed this awkwardly & clumsily but you will see that I mean to convey to you my best wishes – Do not put yourself in the least out of the way on my account – My Sister has desired me to send her kind regards & grateful thanks – indeed we all deeply feel your kindness – I wish to consult you about the books – I found that they are almost all perfectly useless to me – I have for some time found the necessity of devoting myself exclusively to my own professional business. I have a great demand upon me for new sermons & I have no time for my studies those w. h bear upon that point – hence books on Mathematical subjects – on Botany, Classics & modern languages are in fact no use to me – My idea is therefore to return certain books on general subjects & to agree with a bookseller at Camb: to take these the rest in the way of exchange for certain other books – on divinity, church hist: & morals w. h I am desirous of possessing. This (if it could be done) w. d perhaps be better than a sale by auction – I mean w.d oc[ca]sion less trouble. You do not mention your brot[her –] I suppose he is better – may God be with you in all you have to bear.
M. r Ash of X Coll: has been here – we did not see much of him – but were much pleased with his kind & sympathizing manner – he is extremely intelligent & agreeable – M. rs Ramsay desires her kind remembrances
& believe me | your’s very truly | E.B.R.
+I have a very kind letter from D r French – If you would take the trouble (perhaps it w. d be somewhat awkward for me doing it) to write to Lady Charlemont – I sh. d feel obliged it is certainly worth while to have the chance of regaining any lost volumes – I have a few here w. h he brought. I like your idea of “the Strangers” of St Peter – Every day’s experience shews me more & more strongly my “stranger” state–
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+Fearing you may be at a complete non plus for pins I have been sent you all I have been able to procure; you will see by Noake’s Bill that he had only ¼ lb ready and promised to send more yesterday, but as he has not I forward these for immediate use. Your cork I have ordered but it has not arrived here yet, & I have been confined to the house since Sunday last with a slight attack of fever, which is now much abated: directly I receive the rest of the pins I will pack them off with Cork.– The papers of pins in Noake’s Bill are for myself.– I am rejoiced to hear from Jenyns that you have been so successful this year in your pursuits, & that even a Stylops has not escaped your penetrating eye. I hope next season that you will be able to catch more and secure a duplicate for my cabinet, as I am very anxious to possess at least one specimen of an Order, that is a total desideratum with me. Since I last wrote I have been so busily engaged in providing for the printers that I have not been out entomologizing, and I fear that I shall have very little opportunity of doing so any more this season, from the same cause: but I hope by October that all my time will be devoted to the pursuits of that study, at least all my extra official time. Do you catch the larvae etc of Sphinges in your neighbourhood? If so, have the kindness to give me their habitats, and also any others, belonging to that group, that you may have captured in your rambles over the country: as I wish to make them as complete, in my monograph, as possible. If you are able, I will thank you to catch me eight specimens of Machaon, 3 of them to be under sides. You will find at last a few named shells, but they have been done so long [illeg] and I have attended so little to shells lately, that I almost fear some mistakes may have occurred, but I trust not. I will, if possible send more with the rest of the pins & the cork, and believe me in great haste
yours truly | J. F.Stephens.
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+Since the receipt of your letter, I have enquired if the parcels directed to M: Ramsay Esq. had been called for, & I find that they still remain unclaimed at N. o 2 Grosvenor Square–
Allow me, Sir, to assure you of the sincere sympathy we feel with his friends in so great an affliction, as tho’ M. r Ramsay never wrote to us, or communicated the many changes of life that may have occurred during the long period that has elapsed since he left our family – yet Lord Charlemont & I retain so much esteem & respect for his superior character & we so highly valued his amiable disposition – that we have felt deeply shocked at seeing his name lately in the Newspapers.–
May I beg to know if you wish me to forward the parcels to Cambridge to your address –
+believe me | Your ob t Serv t | A. Charlemont
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+Some confusion has arisen with the London Attorney on the subject of the £1000 in the 3½ per cent: It is well known that poor M had nothing of his patrimony left but £1200 – 1100 of this he had lent to Calvert – The £1000 must therefore have been money he received on the tutors account – Perhaps you could ascertain this from Skinner or from the Master – also whether either of the bankers in Cambridge can draw it out of the funds by virtue of any authority which they now possess & to consider if it would not be the most advisable plan to let that money remain, untill the tutors accounts are made up & then to be transferred to the new account according to its value estimated by the price of the stock at the time – I have no doubt that bills will be sent in, now that his death is known, especially the Cambridge bills & those of London w. h are the chief – Perhaps you might send a line to Stulby the tailor, in case he sh. d not have sent his –
You do not lately mention the health of your dear wife – I hope & trust she is now strong & well. Of your brother I scarcely dare to ask as you have expressed your opinion of his precarious state of health so strongly – an elder brother of my own has just come to Edinb: I think in a state w. h cannot be mistaken & I look for his soon following Marmaduke to the grave – alas what melancholy proofs of the uncertainty & instability of human happiness are pressed upon us – Surely these are no ordinary times – & if the anticipations of our own medical advisors be realised what horrors may we not witness when epidemic disease commences its ravages in our crowded & ill fed population! We must direct our people to look beyond secondary causes & teach them in these visitations to see the great cause – our modern Athens is filling fast for the winter season – my chapel is gathering together the summer-scattered congregation so that I am now much occupied – indeed with preparations for the pulpit & ill.del. catechizing I have little time for general reading – I have had time to read Moses’ 8 sermons – & think them quite in the first class of pulpit discourses–
Believe me as ever dear Henslow | yours most truly & affectionately | E. B. Ramsay
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+If there has been any mistake regarding the catalogues & lists being returned it is of no moment because every thing has been arranged exactly as we wished –It is far better to let the china &c go –the carriage is so troublesome & I am glad that you have kept back the linnen which packs easily & in small compass, & can be put into the box. With regard to the gowns I hope you will not feel hurt if we ask you to take them they may be of use to you, & may be useful to supply a friend from the country. I use nothing but the full sleeved preaching gown – keep any of the shades you like – we have an excellent miniature – but in truth I had rather never see a likeness – I cannot tell you how much how truly we have been gratified to learn what you tell us of the intention of putting up a monumental memorial in the chapel. It is pleasing & soothing to hear of such an intended mark of respect from those whose good opinion is so estimable – I would only make one request – let it be perfectly plain – & of so little expence as to be a mere trifle from each contribution – I do not offer any subscription for two reasons 1 st – because it is a memorial from friends & not from relatives – & 2 nd – because I have placed a marble slab & inscription over his grave in the parish church of Fortingall – I have directed my brother in London to send you a small side face miniature for the medallion – we reckoned it always very like & the expence of going by coach will be trifling, even if it do not prove useful – and now Henslow one more word regarding your friendly zeal & unremitting attention to the affairs of your late friend – I have not lavished on you acknowledgement because I have been assured you know I feel them – & because I know they would be distasteful to you – I think the highest proof I can give you of the estimation in w. h I hold you, is this that I do not feel irksome the unparalled obligations which you have conferred – it is I apprehend the highest testimony I can give to the true friendship you have shewn & the single-mindfulness of your character – you have lost a brother since I wrote last – may all our afflictions be sanctified! I feel that all my loss has given a color to all my views –sobered them them not saddened them often does one ill come before me!
I should be obliged by your enclosing William’s letter –I sh. d like to see his account of his action – if of course you have read it – He is an excellent creature? he is not yet in England I understand the £15 can be drawn out whenever it is wanted – I think I have nothing else to answer just now – I shall only therefore add my best wishes & regards to yourself & M .rs H–
in wh I am joined by M. rs Ramsay –
& with great sincerity to sign myself yours| E. B. Ramsay
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+At the request of the Revd Edward Ramsay of Edinburgh I send you a Profile of my late brother Marmaduke Ramsay. We reckon it very like him altho’ done in a coarse manner. The Profile indeed must be correct as it was taken by a machine. You will oblige me by returning it to the above address when you have done with it as it is the only likeness of him that I possess–
+I am Dear Sir | yours very sincerely | Rob Ramsay
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+List of plants sent to Reverend Mr Ellicomb.
+"Sent off this day per Marsh & C for the Revd Mr Ellicomb as under
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+I was wrong not to answer your letters containing the account of sale, by return of Post– I was much occupied & fell into a melancholy train of reflections which made me procrastinate from day to day what ought to be have been done at once– Believe me it was from no feeling of dissatisfaction with all that has been done – nothing could have been better arranged, nothing could have been more successful in its way than the sale – I am surprised at the prices the things fetched at least I did not anticipate so large an amount – Thanks to you are out of the question because no profusion of them can ever express a fraction of what we all feel of your goodness judgment & attention–
+The articles to w. h you refer can easily come by and bye–
We are much surprised at hearing of Whewell’s resignation of his professorship & there are rumours of his having done it in a feeling of fugue & dissatisfaction. If you think of it when you write next perhaps you will give us more information – but do not put yourself the least out of the way to do so– Mr J. Forbes an enthusiast in Science and an enthusiastic admirer of Whewell’s here, was asking about it & I could give him no information–
+Am [n]ow busy preparing for my catechetical class – I take great pleasure in this part of my duty & found my young people much interested & very attentive – I have been chasing up a catechism in the liturgy – not being able to find one w. h w. d answer my purpose – do you know if there is such a thing well done–
Believe me yours | most truly & affectionately | E. B. Ramsay
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+Your letter addressed to me at Burgh Castle followed me hither after some little delay. Accept my best thanks for placing my name on the Committee for raising a tablet to poor Ramsay’s memory. No circumstance could have grieved me more, if by being overlooked by the first promoters of their work, I had been deprived of participating in the only tribute, which alone remains for his friends to pay to his memory. The paper which you sent me, of course I have not seen, but I should much like to know some of the particulars of what you propose to do & by whom it is intended to be executed. I have no doubt but that sufficient money will be subscribed to enable us to apply either to Chantry or Westmacot. I was much disappointed in not receiving the catalogue in time to admit of my selecting lots from Ramsay’s books. Thanks however, to your exertions to obviate the delay which unavoidably took place in Town– I yesterday received a letter from Kirby informing that both yourself and Hustler had kindly offered to impart to me something of your purchases. When I come to Camb: I should much like to avail myself of your offer. My intention is to stay here probably a fortnight longer then to return to my charge & afterwards as speedily as may be come down for a few days to Cambridge.
+With kind regards to M. rs Henslow
Believe me yours ever truly | Charles Green
+P.S. If you can spare a few minutes just write me an outline of what the committee propose to execute. You may address me at “R. Day’s Esq, Monk Bretton, Barnsley.”
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+I find that you are mistaken in supposing that there is no reference to fig.3.you will find one page 490 3 lines from the bottom. I beg leave to suggest one or two corrections in the map.-
+ + +In the reference to the colours Diluvium is spelt Deluvium; & no boundary is marked for a small patch of limestone which occurs to the S. of Port le Murray. I have drawn a pencil line to show where it ought to be. Athol-bridge is mis-spelt Athal-bridge - Cronk-ny-liry-Lhad, is mis-spelt Cronk-ny-liry-Lhann.— No letters are engraved with fig. 6 to explain accompany the explanation on p. 497.
I remain Dear Sir Y rs very truly | J S Henslow
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+As you tell me that an occasional packet per Coach is acceptable, I send you the little accumulation that has taken place in the paper labeled for the reception of your desiderata, & have added a memoir I have lately read to the Phil. Soc. here– Are you likely to be at Oxford next June, at the meeting of the British Association? if so I trust we shall meet–
+Believe me | very sincerely y rs. | J S. Henslow
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+From a careful analysis of 5 grains of Mr. Henslow’s mineral from Anglesea, independently of its crystalline form, it appears to consist of
+Gr
+Silica, 3 = 60
+Alumina, 1 1/10 = 22
+Soda, 5/10 = 10
+Lime, 1/10 = 2
+Water of absorption 1/10 = 2
+Loss, Zn 2 Iron 2
+
Grains — 4/100
+Total 4. 8/10
+without the Loss
+w.ch equals 2/10
+This Mineral gelatinizes in acid & is electric by friction. It is properly therefore anhydrous analcine, & quite a new variety.
E.D.Clarke
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+I should think by this time you are perhaps expecting to hear something of what I have done, and as I have just been driven in by the rain (of which however I must not complain—till now not a drop has fallen since I left London) I cannot find a better opportunity for giving you some detail of my proceedings. If I were asked in a general way whether I gotten many new plants I should say I had, & that I should be able to add a great many things to my own collection, perhaps quite as many as I ever expected to do this time when I cannot be said to have hardly begun botanizing yet here which is the chief place I ever had in view:— But whether I shall add anything to your collection already so extensive compared with mine is a very doubtful point. I trust however that I shall do even this in one or two instances.— The following are a few things which I remember amongst others:— the word new means that I never had or found before.— ….
Besides these I have no doubt there are a few which I have forgotten.– also a lot of grasses, all new to me, some of them probably maritime.– 3 or 4 new ferns.– a tolerably sized packet. of nice conferva, ulva from Hastings, amongst which are some nice ones: – I did them all up separately as carefully as I could & the time would allow, but they were all very wet & it is very doubtful what state they will be in when I open them again.– Considering however the short stay I made at Hastings it was impossible to procure them on any other terms so that if they all spoil before I get home to open them, – we must suppose I never got them at all. – also a small packet of lichens from the rocks by the sea coast – also 3 or 4 new Diadelphia plants which I cannot name , one of which puzzles me exceedingly. – I trust however that my best Botanizing is yet to come – I arrived here on Saturday evening– yesterday (Sunday) did nothing. – This morning I went out at 10 intending to go to Frant across Waterdown forest, but had not got a mile before the rain turned me back, so that this will be a blank day, with the exception of what I got in this mile, which I don’t dispise – viz: Galium saxatile, -Senecio sylvaticus, a nice moss decidedly new to me, & a beautiful little waterplant growing in boggy places by the side of the road, which I don’t know at all unless it is Peplis portula.--- On the whole my tour has turned out ten times better than my best expectations, & I have been very much pleased with all I have seen: To say the truth, before I started I was rather uncertain about the result as I have never tried anything of the sort before, & was going all alone;- but everything has turned out so well – the weather has been so fine - & my health & spirits so good that I never enjoyed myself more in my life.– If I have been diss disappointed in anything I think it is in my not having found more maritime plants at Hastings: tho spent one of the most laborious days in clambering over the cliffs & rocks for some distance both above & below the town, I could find no traces of the Eryngium, or anything else of consequence except this thing which I suppose to be Beta marit. & also a plant (which by the by I forgot to mention before) that I cannot help fancying to be Crithmum marit.– None of it however was in flower though in pale bud.– It grew on the steepest declivities hanging over the sea, & very little of it was accessible; I bought away a couple of specimens.–
The last letter I wrote to Ely was from Hastings, & I shall not write again there perhaps for some days; so that by next communication send them word that you have heard of me at Tunbridge Wells.– Oh what [a] nice place this is, – so beautiful at this time of year, that I forget that I [page torn] & cannot hold my tongue – I certainly am rather in want of somebody [page torn] out to every minute.– I came by your orders to the Sussex Hotel, where [every] thing is very nice certainly, but things are so magnificent, that I shall be [page torn} [frighten]ened out of my wits when I ask for my bill.– the coffee room is quite [page torn] – I am not however much in it. – The place seems full, & the people [page torn] very gay.– a band of music plays 4 times a day just opposite [page torn] for an hour at a time which is delightful.– The theatre is open and I have some thoughts of going to it tonight, as I shall have no plants today, & not much else to do.– But the roads are so abominably sandy & dusty that they are scarcely walkable: they beat everything I ever saw in my life, really every step one takes raises such a cloud, that it is like walking in a box of pounce.–I shall stay here till Friday, on which day I intend to be off for Rochester, & have written them word to say so, under the idea that you have already said something about it before, as you promised.– whilst there I should be glad to hear from one of you as I have not had a line from a soul since I left home.–When my departure for Cambridge is finally fixed, you will hear from me again as I shall dine with you on that day, & sleep in your spare bed if empty, if not at the Sun: on which occasion all further particulars relating to my extensive travels shall be full revealed to you both.–
+Believe me, your’s very affectionly
+
L. Jenyns
+P.S. All the plants which I had gotten up to Saturday last, together with the marine algae, I sent off from Tunbridge town to London at which place I spent one night.– I hope they will arrive safe.– Love to Harriet; & tell her my hands are quite nutty brown.–
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+An intimate friend of mine J. W. Barnes is candidate for the Head mastership of Durham & thinks it possible that you may be able to speak a word for him. I can most conscientiously recommend him as a person well qualified for the office & one whom you will find a pleasant companion– In short I recommend him most earnestly to you as one likely to add to your society– I have lately received 4 casks from Darwin of various objects in Nat. Hist.–
+Y rs ever truly | J S Henslow
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+JSH makes arrangements for subscription to Baxter’s British Phaenogamous Botany and makes offer of duplicates.
I shall be happy to continue your work in whichever way may be most agreeable to yourself. If you derive any additional advantage from sending me the N os as opportunities may occur I shall prefer that method, if not I will continue begin to take it in thro’ my Bookseller. Mr Downes has left Cambridge & settled in the country– I will write to him that I have got his N os & send you the money for them. I must thank you in the name of the Trustees for the present of M r Walker’s Flora – In the re-arrangement of your garden, I am sure that Mr Biggs will be happy to supply you with any plants of which he may possess duplicates. I suppose you have never continued the publication of your Cryptogamic fasciculi – If you should I shall be very happy to become a subscriber–
Believe me | Very truly Y r | J S Henslow
Mr Baxter | Botanic Garden | Oxford
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+Letter of introduction for Alexander Napier of Trinity College, son of the Scottish editor Macvey Napier, who wishes to meet JSH. Brewster also invites JSH to Scotland.
+This note will be delivered to you by a young friend of mine Mr Alexander Napier of Trinity College who is desirous of having the pleasure of your aquaintance. He is the son of Professor Napier the Eminent Editor of the Edinburgh Review, and it would give him and me much gratification of it should be in your power to pay him any attention.
+I wish you would come to this part of Scotland to exercise its botanical treasures which have scarcely been explored. If you could I should be happy if you would make this your head quarters. In Autumn when your Vacation takes place, this is a Gay district en [part word illeg.]ed with good Society as well as with rare plants
I am My Dear Sir | Ever Most Truly Y rs |
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+I have been thinking very much of the charge you brought against me last night, & I must confess that I cannot satisfactorily against myself of being wholly undeserving of your censure– I am afraid that I did not consider Crick's character in so true a light as I ought to have done when I voted for him– I felt perhaps too strongly that I had held out to him something like an inducement for believing that I intended to vote with my college–before I had heard of his remarks about the Library or was unaware that he had removed his name from the Phil. Soc.– two facts so strongly against his Univ y. character that I ought certainly to have felt myself justified in not voting–since I had not given him any promise– His conduct towards the Tradesmen I was well aware of–but I did violence to my own feelings in not allowing it to influence me, as I really believed that he considers it quite right & even a matter of conscience to act so–
I really feel obliged to you for the rebuke you give me now that I can see mine clearly than I did before that I have not acted in strict conformity with those principles which ought alone to guide a thorough well-wisher to the University– I also see plainly that I allowed my College feelings to prevail with me more than they ought to have done – in strengthening the other opinion which I also entertained of the propriety of not departing from what Crick might consider as an implied intention of voting for him– With respect to your charge of general inconsistency I feel regret that you entertain such an opinion of me as I value your regard as much as that of any man in Cambridge– As I did not feel conscious of having been wrong in the present instance, I may probably be ignorant of other cases where I have been equally deserving of censure–
+Believe me | Very sincerely y rs | J. S. Henslow
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+If I am not taking too great a liberty might I beg for another specimen of your yellow pink – in order to get a drawing made of it for a new periodical which is to appear next month & to w h..
I have promised to be an occasional contributor– I have shewn the other specimens to several Botanists who are all unacquainted with it. A few root leaves on a stalk w d. be acceptable with the specimens– I can call for it at any place where you may be able to leave it most conveniently–
Y rs very faithfully | J S Henslow
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+I enclose some seeds of the yellow pink which you saw at the Bristol meeting last year. Owing to the very unfavourable season the seeds did not ripen so well as I could have wished, but I think they will grow–
+Believe me | Yours very truly | H.F. Talbot
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Discusses dedication for Baxter’s British Phaenogamous Botany to JSH.
Allow me to thank you for the proposed compliment which you offer to pay me, & for which I shall feel duly sensible. I think the fewer titles after ones name the better & would suggest MA. F.L.S. as quite enough – in the way that Dr Hooker has dedicated the 1 st Vol of the Companion to the Botan: Mag & to me – I hope to reside at Cholsey for July & August, & to pay Oxford a visit during my stay when I trust I shall have the pleasure of seeing you
Yr Very truly | J S. Henslow
+Mr Baxter | Botanic Garden | Oxford
+Available under license only
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+– A periodical work of a very general character designed for popular instruction is about to be established here in which several persons holding a conspicuous position in the ranks of politics and literature take a deep interest. It will be a great organ of the more enlightened and respectable section of the liberal party which looks forward to the instruction of the middle classes and the better part of the operatives as the best security for social order & national prosperity. The political part of the work will receive the support of the bulk of the liberal party and the prised contributors of several of its distinguished leaders. In the Literary department Mr.E. Lytton Bulmer will be a chief contributor and will enrich the work by a series of popular literary essays. Those who interest themselves in this measure turn with some anxiety to the lights of science and supplicate their co-operation and from now are the more solicitous for [comiten] assistance than from yourself. Tho the aid you can give will be great, the contribution expected from you would be small.
+The will be published in monthly numbers of 64pp about half of which will be devoted to short popular sketches or questions of passing interest in the sciences arts and manufacturers – In botany there is no one to whom we can more naturally look for assistence than youself. may we then expect to have from time to time as subjects may offer themselves notices of points in your sciences? I have written to Herschell Brester & others and have no doubt that we shall have their aid in this good work–
+Pray favor me with an answer addressed to me at Liverpool whether I am going to execute one of the commissions of the British association – I leave tomorrow & shall remain about three weeks – As we wish to ascertain our forces as soon as possible pray favor me with a line by an early post.
+It is hoped that the work will afford as handsome an honorarium for its contributors as any other journal.
+Believe me Dear Sir | Yours very sincerely | Dion. Lardner
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+I feel conscious that you must have thought very ill of me for neglecting the Mag. Zool. – but I will explain. Just as I was setting about the Keeling paper in June I received the intimation of my having got a living which took me from Cambridge and I did not return there until October. I then found so much to do and had to wind up my pupilizing affairs with 3 men, that last term I could not look at Darwin’s plants– As soon as I could I prepared the paper but found 2 or 3 points of puzzle & sent it to Sir W. Hooker as Bot. Editor – requesting him to forward specimens for my comparison – I have just heard from him that he can do so, & when I receive them I will immediately send the paper as you may direct me – In future I am happy to say I shall take no pupils & have a clearer field for Botany – I hope to lend a hand at the Annals, but do not propose to ask any remuneration as you offered me under the old work when I could not well spare my time – I think however that I ought to make some allusion to a letter I had from you in which you stated that you would give directions on going to Edinb. (about May last/or before) that I should receive the sum stipulated for my report of the proceedings at Bristol. Now I have never received this, & I fear that there must have been a mistake somewhere – I do not wish to [word illeg.] you & if it was found on winding up the affairs of the Journal that the Editors were loosers I beg that I may not be paid for that Report or for whatever you proposed that I s d receive afterwards – but I really think it right that the circumstance s d be mentioned – My paper on Keeling will require 2 or 3 outline engravings.
Pray say where I am to direct it –
+Y r Ever truely | J S Henslow
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+You are in possession, I hope of my last of May 25 th and a packet of German plants, which I sent you some time after by Dr Struve of Dresden, who established the manufactury for artificial mineral waters at Brighton & London– I received since I wrote to you, a very fine collection of dried plants from Cuba by a friend of mine, who lived there two years to enlarge his knowledge of natural history & to make collections of plants & seeds. He even collected some for sale & fixed the low price of £1.7.0 for a century of phanerogamic & £1.1.0 for 47 cryptogamic plants, 40 of which are filices. The first collection is sold, but there remained yet some specimens of the Cryptogamics. My friend living now at M’ Cannolstown, Bedford Cty. Pensylvania will soon publish two other centuries of Cuban Pensylvanic plants at the same price as the above mentioned century. You would oblige me by mentioning the present communication to your botanical friends, who are anxious to procure themselves fine specimens of exotic dried plants.
I shall be very glad to have soon good news from you & remain in the mean time
+Sir | Your obedient S vt | D r Radius
P.S. Should you see or write to Mr Curtis be so kind as to tell him my best compliments.
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+I am pleased to learn by your favour of the 31 st of Aug. 1 that the articles I sent you were received and that you consider them of some interest. I will forward to you the remaining nos of the Flora as they are published and will request the secretary of the Board of Regents of the Universities of the state of New York to send you regularly the annual reports on meteorology made under their direction. Professor Jaeger informs me that he has received one letter from you written on a large sheet of paper but that it contained no account of the package of plants you mention in your letter to me. He will be much pleased to exchange objects of Natural History with Dr Jermyn and yourself. The exchange can be made through my Friend Petty Vaughan Esq No. 7o Fenchurch Street London. Any article sent to him free of expense and directed to me will come safely to hand. I am not myself in the line of Natural History, but I think I can manage to get some articles for your museum. Rattlesnakes are not easily procured in this part of the United States but through the agency of the students of our Institution who come from a distance some may probably be obtained next summer. They abound in the mountains of Pennsylvania and Virginia. A young friend of mine left college yesterday for his home in Georgia and promised to send me early in the spring a live alligator. He will send it in a vessel to New York and I will then have it shipped on board of one of the London packets, directed to the care of my Friend Mr Vaughan. If we can succeed in getting it safely to your museum I presume it will be considered an object of some interest. I think it probable that I will be able to prevail on some one of the captains of the Packets to take charge of the animal free of expense. You will find the alligator a perfectly harmless animal which will probably live with but little attention in your climate. I was offered one of any size from the length of two feet to that of fourteen or fifteen. I requested one to be sent of the length of about four or five feet.
Send me by mail a copy of any article you may publish in the way of science or otherwise. It will be interesting whatever may be the subject since I am personally acquainted with the author. You need be under no apprehension relative to the cost of postage in this country. A letter from London to Princeton costs about 64 sterling and a printed sheet much less. No account is taken of the size of the sheet. I am rejoiced to hear that the new mail regulations are to take place with you at the beginning of next month and I hope that something of the same kind will be adopted in this country although the rate of postage is now comparatively low. A proposition relative to the subject is to be submitted to Congress at the next session.
+I see by the papers that you are still interested in Politics–a professor in one of our American colleges would not dare to take so prominent a part.
+I have not as yet seen the report of the proceedings of the British association for the present year. The Society does not appear to have made quite as much noise as usual.
+Our country is just at this time in a very unhappy state in reference to the derangement of the currency. The banking system has been carried on to a ruinous extent – an inflation of the currency and over–trading have been the consequence. All the banks south of New York have stopped payment. The public works are all at a stand and consequently thousands of labouring men are out of employment. We have however been blessed this year with a more abundant harvest than has perhaps ever been gathered before in this country.
+With much Respect and Esteem | I am Yours Truly | Joseph Henry
+P.S. The american Government will probably establish a series of magnetic and meteorologi[cal] observatories on a plan similar to those about being erected in various parts of the British dominions. I am just now appointed one of a committee of the American Phil Society to petition the secretary of war on the subject.
+I wrote to you about 18 months since by a friend going to England but probably the letter was never delivered. In all cases I think the regular mail the surest conveyance and who would think of the expense when a letter is received from a distance of more than 3,000 miles. I was delighted with my visit to England and a scrap of paper from there directe[d] to me is an object of interest. JH
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+On receiving L d Lyttleton's circular 3 or 4 days ago, I wrote to the Chairman (not knowing who he might be) to say that I would come, if wanted. I had engaged to go to Berkshire on Monday the 9 th – but if I came to Cambridge that day & vote early on the 10 th – I can get in to town before night & so off by the morning Train to Berkshire on Wednesday, which will do just as well– If I can't vote on Tuesday, I must give up my Berkshire trip, but from your letter I suppose I can– Crick's circular is nothing more nor less than what I should be ashamed to call it– & if it is a type of Johnian morality, I feel that our College is at a low ebb indeed– I am glad to find that some of the best names are you, & give so flat a contradiction to M r Crick's manifesto– I should like to hear precisely when the voting begins on the 10 th, that I may arrange how I am to get to London– I think Nov. 30 suit me best for the Phil. Soc–but I can't feel quite sure as I have to go to London on the 20 th –
Ever truly | J S Henslow
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+Offers thoughts on a specimen, stating they are conjectural and without seeing it he cannot be clearer.
+I have only just got your letter of the 4 th – having been absent from home –
Without seeing the specimen I hardly dare venture a remark – but it appears to me to be quite different from anything I ever saw - I cannot understand on what ground it is considered to be allied to Pothos, or Peperomia or Typha – but I presume it is supposed to be a spadix of some plant – But why so? In short I dare not offer a conjecture which would seem to be set at nought by fig. -2- but which from fig. 1. above I might have
+[line not photocopied ....................................................................................]
that the specimen is part of a stem and not of a spadix – Can you fancy that the lower portion is only the central part of the stem perhaps a cavity filled up whilst the upper portions form 3 points with the outer parts entire. But pray don’t quote these obscure conjectures-
+Y rs very truly | J S Henslow
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+My young friend and late Pupil Mr Cuyler sails for Liverpool in the Packet of the 7th and I embrace the opportunity of sending you a package which he will deliver after a short excursion into Scotland. I beg leave to request that if it be perfectly convenient you will show him some litle attention in the way of his becoming acquainted with the objects of interest connected with your venerable Institution. You will find him an amiable and intelligent youth and in reference to moral character I can assure he is worthy of your full confidence.
+I am much obliged to you for the copies of the papers on the diseases of wheat. I have sent them to the editor of one of our agricultural journals for republication. I owe you an apology for my long silence. The truth is that with tolerably good intentions I am often guilty of the sin of procrastination and in addition to this in the present case I have been induced to defer Writing from time to time with the hope of being able to send you the promised specimens of natural history. I have made a number of unsuccessful attemps to procure specimens of Rattle snakes and alligators. The first are very scarce in the more thickly [inhabited] parts of our country or at least in the State of New Jersey and the second are only found in the southern states. Three of the young men who have graduated at our college have promised that they would forward an alligator for you but as yet they have failed to keep their promis. I am informed by one that it is a difficult matter to send one alive to England although they are frequently sent apparently in good health to New York.
+One of my young friends has sent me instead of the alligator itself a few of its eggs and also a specimen of the Horned Frog of Texas. These you will find in the package, the latter in the tin box. I also send you all the remaining nos. of the Flora of North America which have yet been published. These will complete your set up to this time.
+Dr Torrey has taken up his residence permanently in Princeton and has moved his great herbarium to this place; he forms quite an addition to our little scientific circle. Professor Jaeger has resigned his Professorship in this Institution and gone to reside in the city of Washington.
+You are not much interested I suppose in the subject of electricity but I send you a copy of the 4th n° of my contributions to that branch of science and hope to be able soon to forward you the 5 th n° of the same. We find great difficulty in this country in getting our labours properly noticed in Europe but in reference to my last papers I have had little to complain of on this account. They have met with a very favourable reception in France and Germany and have been immediately republished in England.
We are very disagreeably situated in this country in reference to the prosecution of science. The unrighteous custom of reprinting English books without paying the authors has a most pernicious and paralizing influence on the effor[t]s of native literary talent. The American author can get no remuneration for his labours for why should the book seller pay for the copy right of an American work when he can get one on the same subject which will sell better, from England for nothing. Besides this the man of science can scarcely hope to get proper credit for his labours since all his reputation must come from Abroad through the medium of the English republications and it is not in the nature of things that the compiler of a scientific work should be as much inclined to give as full credit to a stranger in a distant count[r]y as to a neabour at his elbow.
+It is surprising how much noterity such
+ the compiler of pop English popular works get in this country. Dr. Lardener was before he came to men as Dr La
+
+ here was a much greater man than Herschell.this country
+
Speaking of Lardner reminds me that I have to thank you for the alteration that was made in
+ the report
+ his account of my communication to the mechanical section of the British association in 1837. You may reccollect that he gave me the Lie in reference to the speed of American boats before the whole section and afterward made
+ rather a disparaging some
+
+ insinuation in reference to the nature of my communication.remark
+
I do not [?exult] in
+ the misfortune he has brought on himself but regard him rather his
+
+ as as an
+
+ an ob[j]ect of pit[y] than of the
+
+ resenmt. anger
+
+ He has met with no encouragement from scientific men of any standing in our country. He has adopted the [?He has met no
+ position] of an itineran[t] lecturer and during the past winter has managed to
+ draw tollerably large audiences in the theaters of New York by get
+
+ occuping the stage on alternating
+
+ alternate nights with jugles and public dancers at from 6 different
+ d to a shilling sterling per head, and with this as an indication of the state of morals among us I am pleased. He is certainly a very interesting writer and a man of considerable talent but he has
+ sadly been wanting in always
+
+ an essential element of one
+
+ a the
+
+ scientific character Philosoph
+
+ a sacred regard to truth. I hold that no person can be trusted as the historian of sci[ence] who could be guilty of the crime of which he is charged.the
+
Perhaps I have now said to much in reference to this paramour yet I do assure you that although I dislike his character I regard him as an object of pity.
+He gave an account in one of his Lectures in Phil d. of his treatment of me at the British association and attributed the whole to a mistake. Although his lecture was published in the papers I took no notice of it. If I were so disposed I could easily [have] caused him to be [?passed] even from the stage since there is in this country with very little claims to science.
Since writing this letter I have received a communication from Dr Beck. He informs that he.....
+incomplete
+Available under license only
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+I left with Simms of the Anatomical Museum a specimen of Festuca Elatior (so I think) ergotted. I found it by the brookside, in the last field through which the Brooklands water runs, before and across the road that leads from Trumpington to the Hills Road. Six years ago I found the same ergot on Lolium perenne at the observatory gravel pits.
With kind remembrance to your nephew Young, when you see him,
+Believe me dear Sir | ever very faithfully yours |
+R. G. Latham
+Available under license only
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+I forward to you by my young Friend Mr Cuyler about two months ago a few articles of natural history and two no of Torrey and Gray's flora. I have found to day in one of the drawers of my study a copy of the 2 nd no of the 2 nd vol of the flora with your name written on the cover and the idea has occurred to me that I have by mistake sent to you two nos of the same kind. Please to inform me what nos
+ you have received and I will endeavour to complete your set as soon as the work is published. […] new way in the science. This is the season of our college vacation and I am about commencing to day a new series of experiments on electricity. My last labours in this line produced a series of interesting results. I was enabled to magnetize needs by an induced current at the distance of 30 feet from the primary current in the cellar of the Philosophical cabinet by a single spark from the electrical machine placed in the third story of the same building without any connection by mere induction or disturbance of the of the flora
+
+ equilibrium of the electrical plenum and also elec
+
+ to produce similar effects in my study by flashes of lightening at the distance of seven and eight miles.magnetize
+
Available under license only
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+Though a few acres will be enough for shrubs & herbaceous plants, it would be a thousand pities to deprive us of any portion of the 30, if we should ever contemplate possessing any thing like an arboretum– The advantage of a perfect command of sp. is not likely lightly to be resigned, & unless the rail-road folks are very urgent I should be glad to see them kept out– Whether I have improved the farmers ideas of what are good manners I know not, but I fear the subject would not be generally considered an appropriate appendage to a dinner table, & excusable only in the company to whom I had to address myself.
Ever y rs truly | J S Henslow
Kind regards to M rs W. I am going over to Bury tomorrow to fetch Leonard home for the holidays –
Available under license only
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+I shall be delighted to place Darwin’s plants in your hands – & beg you will make just whatever use of them you please – not forgetting to give me a rap on the knuckles for having done so little with them – Some few I have named, & incorporated with the herbarium, but I can give you the list of these– My duties here quite debar me from pursuing Botany with any vigor now – I will go to Cambridge as soon as I can & pack them off. I propose visiting the British Museum with my 2 nd Daughter on Friday next about 11. O’Clock, & will enquire at Mr. Brown’s Room whether Sir W. is there– We shall be in Town too short a time to accept his kind invitation to go over to Kew, as our spare time must be spent in Lionizing – We country folks see so little of London that we take the opportunity when we can of looking about us there. I have an interesting set of plants from the Galapagos from Darwin – & have been intending again & again to set to work at them – They are here – would these be wanted by you?
Greeting missing
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+Sir,
+I hope you will excuse me if I beg your particular attention to the following printed page respecting a publication of mine, relating to trees and shrubs, entitled the “Arboretum Britannicum”. You will observe that it is a book calculated to be of great use to landed proprietors, as well as to all who take an interest in the subject on which it treats; and hence, if you do not already possess it, I earnestly hope that the utility of the book, and the circumstances detailed in the printed page referred to, may induce you to order a copy.
+But should you either already possess the “Arboretum Britannicum”, or not desire to possess it, then I respectfully beg leave to direct you attention to the Abridgement of that work, entitled “An Encyclopaedia of Trees and Shrubs”, and to the other publications ennumerated in the last page of this sheet; hoping that you may think it worth while to order one or more of them, which in my particular case, I shall consider an act of very great kindness and liberality.
+In order to save you trouble, I enclose a form to be filled up and returned by post; or I shall be greatly obliged by an answer to this application in any other way that you may think fit.
+Trusting that you will excuse me for the liberty I have taken in thus addressing you.
+I remain | Sir | Your obedient Servant | J. C. Loudon
+P. S. The names of those who subscribe to the Arboretum in consequence of this address, will be published from time to time in the “Gardener’s Magazine”, and in the "Gardener’s Chronicle”.
+Mr Loudon takes the liberty of sending this letter and its enclosure to Professor Henslow in order to show him the use which Mr Loudon is making of the permission which Professor Henslow so kindly granted.
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+I shall leave at 13 Clements Inn, the Galapagos plants, in my way thru' Town tomorrow – You will find a few with them from Macrae which belong to the Horticultural Soc– I had begun by a few random notes to examine them before I left Cambridge, & have left them just as I inscribed them at the time – Since I came here I have had no time for them – always intending to recommence – but never being able to do so among my numerous engagements & duties – You will find them an interesting set of plants. Pray publish them in any way you prefer – I am too happy to see justice done to Darwins’s exertions to think of making stipulations of any sort – Do just as you please giving him due credit for collecting in a branch of science which formed no part of his studies, & solely to oblige me
+Ever y rs truly | J. S. Henslow
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+As you were so good as to request towards the close of last year that I would get some tin Boxes made for the purpose of transmitting Plants, I have herewith sent you 6 which I think will be just what you required–
+I am going on the 9 th inst. to see Dale where I shall remain a fortnight & I hope about Midsummer nothing will prevent our going to Scotland in pursuit of our favorite object Entomology, we expect to be propose being absent 2 months during which time I expect we shall do wonders; I see how much of it for Scotland is a country that every one who has any taste for fine scenery, antiquities or scenes rendered interesting from their important events that have transpired there cannot fail to be gratified, & being so fortunate as to have not only an agreeable companion but one who is devoted to Ent y is a great thing, indeed I always told Dale that when he could make up his mind to visit Scotland that we would go together & upon mentioning it this Winter he agreed & one object in our visit to Dorset is to make final arrangements for our excursion.
Whilst in Suffolk last Autumn I devoted myself to drawing plants, indeed I was compelled to do so to carry me through the winter & I have now only the following remaining but expect to add a little to my stock in Dorsetshire.
+Agaricus coccineus - Rubus______- Vaccinium myrtillus- Arabis turrita - Verbena officinalis - Cichorium intybus - Lamium purpureum - Delphinium consolidum - Parnassia palustris - Anagallis arvensis - Matrocaria chamomilla -
+I have besides
+Should you favor me with any specimens this year – if you have an opportunity of enclosing any of the following I shall be much obliged as I have Insects for them. Artemisia absinthium – & Cotton Rush
Stephens has nothing to send at present otherwise I should have enclosed it–
+Of course you know that M r McLeay is going with his family to New Holland & M r Bicheno a Barrister is – proposed by the President as his successor. I hope that you will come to Town at the Anniversary, to take a part in this election as it is of importance to the welfare of the Society, & I exceedingly regret that I had not the pleasure of seeing you when last in town– there will be also I believe on the 23 d May a sale of British, European & Exotic Insects at Thomas’. & if I can send you a catalogue free of expense I will
I believe that I have nothing further to communicate. I hope that you approve of my recent labors in the cause of science as much as you did at their commencement & should any thing strike you with regard to the Work at any time you will confer a great favor upon me by telling me your opinion candidly– I am sorry to say that it does not sell as well as I could wish, having lost a great many Subscribers this year – but this is a part over which I have no control, I have been fortunate, too upon the whole in the notice that has been taken of it which together with the great expense I have been at in advertising I expected would have some more for me. I have inserted an advertisement in upwards of 70,000 Prospectuses this year, & you have seen that at last the Zool. Journal has spoken handsomely of the Work, & a very handsome notice was inserted in the Literary Chronicle for the 19 th Feb .y
+
Hoping that Mrs Henslow is well & also Mr Jennings to whom I beg you to present my remembrances
+I remain | my dear Sir yours faithfully | J. Curtis
+[P.S.] I think I heard that you have taken Orders– If such be the case the Linnean List should be corrected which I shall be happy to do if you will inform me– you will observe that I have moved
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+The laying out of the garden must depend entirely upon what the University are disposed to allow– If they retain the whole 30 Acres then we can select as much as may be wanted for an establishment worthy the Univ y. & the rest may be devoted to walks according to the taste of a Landscape gardener– If I may suggest, I think it would be best to do this i.e. retain the whole– As I have no positive experience on the subject, I should like to submit our plans to Hooker, Lindley, Graham & perhaps one or two more, & ask them for suggestions- but this will be of small use until we know precisely how much ground the University are disposed to let us have– Undoubtedly the plants should be grouped according to the Natural System– but I would introduce a variety of soils & aspects to put the habits of different plants & then group each set, (best adapted to such soils & aspects) on the natural System– I think this is the true principle on w h. a Bot. Garden s d. be constructed– To carry it out will need the superintendence of an intelligent & active Curator. The first thing necessary will be to make out lists of plants adapted to chalky, sandy, clayey & c soils– to exposed or sheltered situations & c – & determine not to group these with the common soil main stock capable of growing any where– There are some plants which maintain a perpetual struggle for existence when classed (as they usually are) with the rest in the common borders. They have no more right to be there, than Aquatics or greenhouse plants– I don't know that we should want more than half a doz. stations in our Garden, but until lists be prepared I could form no guess of what their relative areas should be– I think the best way of proceeding – would be to offer for no plans until a competent Curator shall have been appointed– I would then deliberate with him (as the practical man)– & I dare say we should be able to suggest such an outline of a Scheme as might serve to direct competing Artists – if it be thought necessary to apply in this way to the Senate– The Girls have had Miss Chambers (a professional singer) in the house for a fortnight – so we have been living in pretty much the same sort of Atmosphere of sweet sounds as yourselves. I wish I could have joined the Council dinner– I have been very hot about Saxon horns – having received from Derby a whole lot of them in a highly fragmentary state– But I am becoming quite skilful in restoring them to their shapes–
With our united regards to M rs Whewell | Believe me ever | Y rs most truly | J. S. Henslow
We have almost nightly fires about the neighbourhood, & as I was lecturing at Hadleigh on Wednesday, a cry of fire interrupted & spoilt all–
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+I go to Cambridge on Monday, & will mention the subject of a coloured copy – I believe the usual plan at the Library is to pay the difference between a coloured copy & the uncoloured one to which they are entitled – except in some rare cases where they take in the work at their entire expense – I shall be happy to take in an uncoloured copy for myself – shall I do this thro' my Book-seller at Hadleigh, or will you prefer that any N os should be left at my Brother’s chambers in London? I saw that the Galapagos may plants contained many curious things, from the very cursory look I took at them – I wish I could have devoted my attention to them – but on leaving Cambridge I left behind me opportunities for consulting books & herbarium, & entered upon a line of occupation which leaves me no time for working hard at Botany – I have no doubt you will do your work well, & that the botanical world will feel itself under great obligation to you –
With kind regards at Kew | believe me | very truly y rs | J. S. Henslow
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+I have stumbled on a packet of about a score of Galapagos plants which I had been examining & had put apart from the rest – If you will tell me where to direct them, I will forward them immediately – Perhaps to the care of Mr Brown British Museum – or Linnean Soc will do –
+Ever Y rs truly | J S Henslow
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+Not having learnt your wishes respecting the Galapagos lot, I have sent them & the missing grasses from Chonos Archepelago etc directed "to the care of S. W. Henslow 13 Clements Inn" – You may therefore send or call for them when you please – I leave Cambridge tomorrow morning early, before Post time & return again on Monday –
+Y rs very truly | J S Henslow
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+On my return here I find your letter – You will have had mine & know how to act – I entered a recommendation in the Books of the Public Library to take in a coloured Copy of your Flora – It must rest with the next meeting of the Library Syndicate to determine whether they will choose to do so – If it makes no difference to your Bookseller whether my N os are left in London or forwarded under cover thro' my own Bookseller’s parcel at Hadleigh, I s d certainly prefer the latter plan, as I s d get the N os more regularly – His name is Mr Hardacre of Hadleigh, & his London Correspondent is Groombridge.
Ever y rs | J S Henslow
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+I send this morning to be forwarded by the steamer of the first, a small package for you directed to the House of the American booksellers Wiley & Putnam Stationers Court Pater Noster Row London. I have made arrangements with this House for the transmission of packages and should you wish hereafter to send me anything it will come safely and with "dispatch" through this channel.
+You will find in the package the last No of the Flora of North America, which as yet has been published. I have sent you in succession the several nos. of this work as they have appeared and you will oblige me by informing me in your next letter if your set is complete up to this time. I have received from you during the past year two packages the one containing your letters on agriculture and the other your account of the Roman antiquities found at Rougham. The letters on agriculture came in very good time. We have lately established an agricultural society in this state of which I am a member and therefore it behoves me to learn something of the subject. I think your letters admirably fitted for the object for which they were intended and I have read them with much pleasure and instruction.
+I have made several ineffectual attempts to procure an Alligator for you. Several of my pupils on their return to the south have attempted to send on one to me but the animal has died or has been lost in the transportation. A few years ago two were sent from New Orleans to Professor Jager which came safely and I supposed I would find no difficulty in getting one for you in the same manner but I have not been so fortunate.
+Many thanks to you for your kind invitation to visit your parsonage. I have not the least doubt from past experience that I would be made "right welcome" but at present I have not the most distant idea of ever visiting England again. If however by any unforseen circumstances I sh[ould] ever again cross the Great Deep I sho[uld] certainly not leave England without visiting you.
+I know not if you are still in the line of mineralogy but I send you a specimen of uniaxial mica from Orange Co. state of New York. The biaxial variety is very common but this I send is rare in the United States. By polarized light the single axis is readily determined.
The recollections of my visit to Cambridge are of the most pleasurable kind and this pleasure is renewed every time I hear from you. I hope therefore although our communications may be short and far between that they may be continued through life. I hope in the course of a few months to be able to send you some of the results of my late researches in electricity and other subjects in Natural Philosophy. I have just been engaged in a series of experiments on "soap bubbles" which has afforded me considerable amusement and more instruction than I anticipated.
+Yours Truly | Joseph Henry
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+I noticed the article in the Gardeners Chronicle & understood its bearing – & deeply regretted that men of science should delight in this “biting & devouring one another”– I trust that Mr Brown’s position in the Botanical world sets him too high above caring for any such “fiery darts” as you will see by the enclosed I have lately called these sorts of illintentioned attacks, come from whatever quarter they may – I do not know who may be the author of the Article in the G. Chr. & had much rather not be told – The attack will not be understood by the world at large, & will be as little thought about by the Botanical world as any real reflection on Mr Brown’s character: whilst we all know that he has in truth done more for the highest branches of our science than any man living – not even excepting your own Father, foremost as he stands – you are going on most admirably with your work –
My kindest regards to your family & believe me ever
+Most truly Y rs | J. S. Henslow
P. S. I ought to say that the enclosed is the 2 d of a series of letters I am intending for the Bury Post on the subject which engages us deeply here – the improvement of our
+ agricultural populationword illeg.
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+Enclosed is a fragment of the Cachalots tooth found by Mr Brown of Stanway at Felixstow, and of which he some time since permitted me to take a slice– Perhaps you may recollect my reference to this tooth upon the occasion of your paper being read at the Geological Society, and my remark that Prof. Owen had erroneously supposed it to have come from the Diluvia of Essex. – In making this observation I was certainly rendering him a service because a whale's tooth from [illeg] was of far greater interest than the discovery of one in gravel. My statement however was met with a flat contradiction by Owen immediately getting up & asserting in the most unqualified manner that the tooth in question had the 'recent character' of Mammalian bones found in the gravel. This assertion of his was one of those reckless violations of truth which he never scruples to have recourse to when it suits his purpose, for so completely mineralised was this tooth that when first submitted to his examination he returned it to Mr Brown with an opinion that it was a stalactite and to Mr Bowerbank & not to Prof.Owen (as I have erroniously supposed) was due the determination of its being organic. I wrote the morning following the reading of your paper to Mr Brown telling him what has occured & begging the loan of the fossil to prove my position - Owen calculating that I should do this also wrote making the same request but not mentioning what had happened or even asking Mr Brown whether he (Pr O), had been right or wrong in publishing this tooth as found the Essex Gravel. Owen's object was plainly enough that of keeping the fossil 6 or 12 months in his possession until everybody has forgotten what he or I had stated with regard to it. As it happened however the tooth came to me & I forwith sent it for the inspection of the Council along with a notice which was read at the next Meeting, Owen of course himself. I am told Mr Warburton made a special reference to this circumstance in his annual address, but what he said I have not yet seen as the address is not [illeg illeg] in print - I do not place this matter before you for the sake of attempting to bring down Owen in your estimation but as a mtter of self defence, because it strongly bears upon the old question between us. I thought on that occasion the evidence was so clear as to the fact Owen's regulating his assertions according to circumstances but it was impossible for anyone with the facts before them to avoid coming to that conclusion. The history of the case however did not leave you to take this view of the matter, and as most assuredly the veracity of one party or the other was deaply compromised in that business, I do not like to let the whale's tooth affair pass by altogether unnoticed.
Pray add the fragment of thus unique fossil to your cabinet if it be worth placing there. I fully intended long since to have written to you on the subject, but many other matters have arisen to engage my thoughts. Just now I am in a most agreeable birth here. Possibly you may have heard of the noble legacy lately bequeathed to the York Museum namely £10000 & the election of a permanent officer at the head of the Institution was one of the results.The salary is not large £150 per An. without residence but then I am only called upon to give up 20 hours a week to the duties of my office. We have a beautiful building with the small nucleus of a splendid collection, and altogether I don't know where else I could have found a post so suited to my taste & inclinations.
+We had a great treat in the meeting of the Brit Association which everyone seem to think went off with great eclat. Owen & I as usual fell out upon the subject of teeth - I ought to tell you bye the bye that the Manchester Meeting teeth appear in the annual report of the Association as those of a Roebuck !! not an Anoplotherium. The 'essential characters' which proved that the teeth were the teeth from Bacton could not by any possibility have belonged to a Ruminant & which were so strongly insisted upon at Manchester vanished while the details were going through the press, appropriated I can only suppose by the Printers Devil for history affords us no solution of the problem. Now the York meeting teeth are alleged to those of seals on my side & positively asserted to be no such thing by Prof. Owen. The Birmingham Meeting teeth with which the affray began were those of monkeys & opposums & having had the best of this dental warfare & I really am beginning to feel myself quite learned on the subject & you must not be astonished if one of these days you see a small volume make its appearance entitled 'Elements of Odontology' & dedicated without permission to Richard Owen Esq, Hunterian Prof. of Com. Anaty & c.&. As I am upon the subject of teeth I must tell you what a curious discovery I made a short time since with regard to some teeth of Mososaurus - I have in my possession the only known portion of Mososaurus jaw from the English chalk, and after its remaining in my hands 10 years I discovered a few months since that the pulp cavities of the teeth are filled with black-flint, with no silicification whatever of the teeth themselves or the osseous substance of the jaw, and with no means for the fluid to have entered by infiltration or a precipitate from a solution. When Bowerbanks celebrated sponge hypothesis was discussed at the Geological Society I stood alone in maintaining that his theory was untenable, and the objections to it which I so strongly urged on that occasion were thought by many frivolous & vexatious, and attributed I doubt not to my fondness for controversy. On discovering the flint under the circumstances named, I immediately sent it to Bowerbank, not telling him where I had found it but begging he would examine it very carefully & report to me as to the absence or presence of spongeous structure. He wrote me word in reply that it agreed with all other chalk-flints in its spongeous structure. Nothing could be more satisfactory than this. It proved to me what I had all alone contended for, that what he called spongeous structure was in face inorganic. I have eluded to that curious appearance which Bowerbank figures in the Geol. Trans. as the mouths of projecting tubuli on the surface of flints. [SKETCH OF TEETH AND JAW] I am going to publish a paper giving the details but this sketch will give you an idea of the position of the flint in pulp cavities. b. Black flint partly filling a, & extending downwards into the jaw.
Trusting that yourself & family are well
+I remain Dear Sir
+Very faithfully yours
+Edw. Charlesworth
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+I have to thank you for copy of Dict.– I have not proceeded with it – still whenever you feel that you have a certain claim on me be pleased to say so & it shall be met duly.
+I have always believed that the Primula vulgaris, elatior, & veris, were but varieties of one species, & I think you had the same opinion. If it be not inconvenient will you oblige me with a note by return, stating any evidence that has fallen under y. r notice. I shall in next No. of Botanic Garden & Scientist publish two varieties raised by Mr. Williams of Pitmaston from seed of the Cowslip – the one a pretty Polyanthus. Mr W. has many varieties, intermediate between the wild cowslip & garden Polyanthus – perhaps I can find you one – all are from cowslip seed.
I am anxious to compare different varieties of Wheat with each other, but do not find it easy to obtain them. If you can oblige me with an Ear of a sort of any Suffolk varieties I shall have pleasure in “Paying in Kind”. Can you direct me to a detail of the proximate principles of many varieties? (besides Mackenzie’s) I find here & there an analysis, but nothing worth notice. It appears to me that if we deal with the Gluten & Starch it is sufficient for ordinary purposes. Does this coincide with your observations? Have you any nice method of mounting your specimens of Wheat?
+That a happy year be allotted your self & family circle, is the wish of, my dear Prof. r
+
Yours faithfully | Benjamin Maund
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+I trouble you with half a dozen lines to express my wishes for your success – Had I a vote it should be at your service but though my name is on the board, I have never kept the prescribed number of terms to entitle me to that privilege. Though I formerly felt anxious to succeed the late venerable Professor of Botany, I am now too advanced in life, & my eyes & memory fail me too much to render it desirable for me to become your opponent.
+If you are unfurnished with a Willdenow’s Species Plantarum I have a copy which I could let you have at a smaller price I think than they ask for them in England – likewise Hedwigs Muscologia & Species Muscorum is 4 octavo 4 quarto- there are 10 of Willdenow. A friend procured them for me on the continent, & each cost me £5.00, at which price they are at your service.
I purchased at the Brookes sale at Elmstead his Hortus Siccus, both British and Exotic – they cost me £30, & I have added to the number of specimens. If you want anything of this kind, I have no objection to part with them.
If I can be of any service to you in your present object it will give me great pleasure.
+I am | Dear sir | y rs very faithfully | W m Kirby
June 25. P.S. Since writing the above I have received information that Government has appointed you to the Professorship. If this is correct I sincerely congratulate you. I was not aware before there was any expectation that Government would interfere in the appointment. Will you have the goodness to send the Note to Mr Francis.
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+I wrote to the V.C. last week suggesting a line of proceeding for the Bot. Garden. But I cannot help thinking that the plan I before proposed will be the most efficacious, & perhaps in the end not more expensive. I mean, the appointment of a New & efficient Curator–pensioning off old Biggs– The progress of the arrangement will require much constant superintendence that I sadly fear without this step we shall never complete it so efficiently as we ought– I should like to talk over with you my general notions of the fresh arrangement, as you have a faculty of arrangement– I could then submit the general plan to Hooker & to Lindley– & if we had an efficient Curator, it might be speedily executed– I have had a letter from M r Lappage, but I think we can do without him–
Kind regards to M rs W. | Ever y rs truly | J S Henslow
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+Lindley's School Botany is not the sort of work you mean– It is merely a selection of plants described according to the Natural System, with figures, Purely technical without reference to the philosophy of the subject. I have not forgotten your suggestions, & have often thought of setting to work on something of the sort, but what with 2 sermons weekly & hands full of occupation, I have always felt staggered– The Book you allude to is De Theis which I suppose you will find under D. rather than T. M rs H. has not yet been down stairs, but the Doctors speak more & more favorably of her– She is now carried round the upstairs rooms for an airing & if I had not been going to Town next week I had hoped to have driven her out.
I am going to fetch Fanny & Anne who have been paying a long visit from home– first to S t Albans, & now with my Aunts, in London– Louisa is all alone. I see you have been to Winchester & no doubt had a pleasant time of it.
Pray give our kind regards to M rs Whewell & believe me | Ever yours Truly | J S Henslow
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+I shall be passing through London on my way back from St Albans on Saturday next, & if you can send the Galapagos treasures to my address at 44 Queen Square Bloomsbury by Friday, I can pick them up – I would thank you to return those which belong to the Horticultural Soc y to Dr Lindley – I am right glad that you have completed the task – Neither my opportunities or knowledge would ever have allowed of my getting through it in a creditable manner, & it could not have fallen into better hands– I am bound (on receiving the specimens) to glue them down immediately for our University Herbarium – but whenever a duplicate can be spared it shall be set aside for you. I have been so very busy the past week that I have not yet written to congratulate Arnott on his appointment to the Chair you have declined, but shall do so soon– The 2 appointments at Edinburgh being in different hands renders it liable to have a mess made of that post– If the Government had appointed you at once to the Garden, they would perhaps have done more wisely than leaving it to the Town Council to make their choice first – but having done so I conceive they have virtually waved their own right – At Cambridge the Government appoint to the Professorship – The trustees of the Bot. Garden to Walker’s Lectureship (no salary!) & use of Garden – but no power over it– These are absurd arrangements, & I heartily wish that all such matters were upon more just & uniform principles– I am very sorry that you did not succeed at Edinburgh, but have learnt by experience to understand that disappointments are often our best Schoolmaster, & that in the end we may find something in store, here or hereafter, which more than compensates for the transient annoyance they occasion– I heartily hope that something or other will turn up to your advantage, & place you in a position where Science is able to reap the full benefit of your activity, zeal & talents– With kindest regards to Sir W. & Lady Hooker.
Believe me | Ever truly Y rs | J. S. Henslow
P. S. Pray thank Sir W. very much for his last kind letter– & say I duly appreciate his friendship–
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+The plants missed me at Queen’s Square by about 15’– but my Aunts have since forwarded them & they have just come safely to hand – though I have not yet unpacked them – I am very glad you took out all the duplicates & it is always my opinion that a specimen is well sacrificed when dissected for scientific purposes with the certainty of the information obtained being recorded– I have no respect for specimens retained as mere objects of show – & am glad to find you did not hesitate to make such use of those as was needful for your purpose– Thank you for the additions of Macrae’s plants to the Gallapagos (sic) set– I am to meet our Botanic Garden Syndicate next Friday in Cambridge– At our last meeting the usual complaint of want of funds was brought forward as an impediment to the realization of our 20 acre notions– & I have been drawing up an appeal today, to be circulated among the members of the University residents & non-residents inviting them not to let the opportunity slip thro' their fingers of appending so noble an addition to their Alma Mater– With kind regards to Sir W. & Lady H.
+Believe me | very truly y rs | J S Henslow
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+I have stumbled upon a few of Darwin’s ferns which have not been sent to you– They are from the following localities, & if you wish to see them in connection with the other S. American plants you still have I will bring them to town the first opportunity – Should you want them soon I can send them to you – The localities mentioned are
+Chiloe (the Island)
+Bahia
+S. part of Tierra del Fuego
+Port Desire
+Patch Cove, Cape Tres Montes
+Chonos Archepelago
+E. Falklands –
+There are also about 7– a doz. Plants of Macrae’s marked Dubia from Malden & Albermale Isl ds Galapagos – which belong to the Hort. Soc. & were overlooked when I sent the others – I see you have honored me with a Viscum & an Adiantum – Your Genus Pleuropetalum was one that struck me in my hasty & only rough examination of the lot – I sent you some very absurd remarks & memoranda – I felt aware that most of them were had better been burnt, but I though I w d let them go just as I had left them some 8y rs ago – A Capt. in the Navy was up Mona Roa in Owyhee in /44 & has brought me a few scraps of ferns & other plants badly prepared – as you like to examine plants with a view to Bot. Geog., if you think you w d like to see them I could add them to the packet – but I suspect there is nothing worthy your notice, as your Father has probably every thing from thence– Do you ever ramble in England? It would give me the very greatest pleasure to see you here, if at any time you can indulge me– I shall be visiting Cambridge for 5 weeks (return g home on Saturdays) from April 17. but with that exception I am not likely to be absent for any time– My Sunday duty always confines me, & I have not been absent from home on a Sunday for the last 3 y rs. Kindest regards to Sir W. & Lady H. & believe me
Very sincerely y rs | J S. Henslow
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+As you had stated that you had received what duplicates you could from the Galapagos, I told Darwin there were a few scraps of duplicates remaining, & he has written to say that you will like to have them for some one at Paris– I will therefore put them up for you– when I send the other things– If I have no opportunity of sending them otherwise I can get my Hadleigh bookseller to forward the parcel to Town before the end of the month– & you can send the Macrae specimens (& a few others I have for Lindley) to the horticultural Soc ty when you have examined them – I have a few duplicates from Dominica that were sent me in a packet of about 100 species from a Clergyman residing there – Are they likely to be of any use to you? I will look at the plants I have had of Hartwig’s collecting & let Mr Bentham know the N os that is to say the lowest & highest, for if I recollect rightly I did not receive the first set or sets – I envy you the task you are enjoying with him – A man who has 2 sermons to prepare weekly & a host of other matters to attend to can be little more than a looker on at such labours as yours – I am rejoiced to hear that your Sister is so soon to be married, & to so excellent a person – The little differences in the various sections of the Church of Christ are as nothing compared with individual character– With you I have the firmest attachment for my own Church & the older I grow the clearer I can see that those who formed her articles were the real Giants of the day in which they brushed off the dirt & rubbish that had so long defiled her–
Believe me | very truly y rs | J H Henslow
P.S. I have been recommending Darwin to read a most interesting book by Thom – in the cause of Storms, which must interest all when been at sea–
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+I shall be happy to dine with you on Monday– & write to say so, (though perhaps I may see you before my letter arrives) as I am not sure of letting you know this after my arrival on Monday– I shall be able to give you a more favourable ac c of M rs H.– & I am sure nothing would delight her more than meeting you & M rs W. by the seaside– It is the very thing she most requires– & we had fully determined to go somewhere if she s d. be moveable– We are burnt out at Felixstow, the whole row of houses having been destroyed by fire– where we used to lodge, & the only houses she cared about– I dare say I shall be blamed for my Pamphlet– but really it seems to me a perfect farce in these days that those who are to teach Natural History in a University should not be required to make the subject the main business of their lives instead of the mere occupation of their leizure moments– However the machinery we possess was adequate to the wants of a century ago it is no more capable of supplying the demand now, than the Spinning Wheels of any Village are of competing with the Spinning Jennies of Manchester– I have continued to train one our Village Sempstresses to glue down plants, & employ her for 5 hours daily – in which time she manages to prepare on the average more than 100 specimens– & does her work admirably– I hope to give her many weeks constant employ in the course of the year– She has already glued between 2000 & 3000 – I wish I had thought of doing this somewhat earlier–
Kind regards to Mr s W. | Ever most truly y rs | J S Henslow
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+You must have been surprized at my long silence, but the enclosed envelope will explain to you that your letter of the 9 th has only reached me today– There being so many Hitchams, Bildestons or Bilstons, & Hadleighs, any letters (without Suffolk appended) directed to me, perform a grand tour before they arrive– I had two last week from Bury (only 13 miles off) which had traveled to Hertfordshire– I am delighted to hear that M rs Whewell has profited by her seaside sojourn – & you will be equally pleased (I doubt not) to find that our stay at Aldboro' had so far improved the health of M rs Henslow that, she went through to Brighton in one day, without any great fatigue– I left her there 3 weeks ago, & we continue to hear good accounts from her– She is with El. Jenyns – & Mary J. is also staying there– I expect she will remain about 3 weeks longer– I should very much have enjoyed a trip to Lowestoffe, but we are expecting very soon a visit from Miss Hooker, & M r Coleman (the American Agriculturist) & I fear this will keep me engaged till quite the end of Sep tr. The Girls have been very busy clothing
+ speckies last week for our little annual fête which came off without accident, beyond a few failures, & the conflagration (from windy gusts) & consequent non-ascent of a Balloon– The company not being aware that a Balloon was to ascend, mistook the conflagration for part of the fireworks, & thought it produced a very pretty effect in lighting up the scene! You may rest assured that I shall be very ready to attend to your wishes about your History & will think the matter over as to how I can assist you with suggestions– There has been a good deal done in some parts of Cryptogamic botany of late years by Berkely & others. reducing whole genera of fungi to merely conditional forms of development of particular species– & also the general conditions of the ovule necessary to its fertilization has had light thrown upon it– I fear (indeed I know) that I am not so well qualified as I ought to be to speak authoratively on these matters – but I dare say with a little enquiry on some points of those who are more enlightened, I may be able to help. When I came to reside at Hitcham, I had fancied that I should have more opportunity than ever to devote my time to Botany – but I well remember a remark of Willis – "you will get entangled in other interests, & become less able to pay attention to your Professorship" – & so it has proved– It is now above 3 years & a half since I have been absent from Hitcham on a Sunday – & what with double duty to provide for – ordinary parish duty – justice business – & now & then the necessity of acting as Chaperon to my daughters (M rs H. being ill) my time is pretty fully occupied– The girls kept me at a dance will 3 o'Cl. A. M. only 3 nights ago–
Kind regards to M rs W. | Ever y rs truly | J S Henslow
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+Yr note got tucked out of the way. and I forgot to reply to it. Poor Ste [?] was indeed carried off very suddenly – but it was a great comfort to me to have attended to him in his last moments. I certainly should Judge for myself (in your place) as the amount of remuneration to be asked for the amount of trouble incurred by the Naturalists Almanack, Your labours are complimented in the Gardener's Chronicle. I am not fond of birth and deaths being intermixed with the useful notices to the days of the week – but I suppose it is required. The only inconvenience of making this supplemental to other almanacks is the necessity of having two. If the matter of this were incorporated with Gutch's [?] pocket book it would improve both – as it is yours does very nicely for the table. but wd make an inconvenient addendum to what is already in the pocket. A more complete affair than Gutch's would be the right thing. I do not see anything particular to alter in yours. I want something of an Index. I go to town and St. Albans on Tuesday (tomorrow) but return on Friday or Saturday. Harriet is better (with relapses) since her pull down by the mild attack of Influenza and Mumps.
Kind regards to your wife – | Ever yrs affy | J S Henslow
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+Professor Henslow will have great pleasure in dining with the Master & Fellows of Trin y. Coll. on Tuesday the 6 th. but regrets that the state of M rs Henslow's health does not permit her accepting the honour proffered to her also–
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+The Bearer of this is my estimable young friend M. Brunner, Professor of Chemistry at Berne. He is about to visit Cambridge when being a stranger I take the liberty of giving him a line of introduction to you, & I shall be greatly obliged by your pointing out what may be most deserving of the attention in your University.
+I am, my dear Sir | very faithfully yours | W. J. Hooker
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+Sedgwick put the same quere to me as you have done respecting the transmutation of species – & my reply must be the same– No Botanist, so far as I am aware, gives any credit to the tale– How the results have been obtained (in the 2 or 3 cases out of many that have been tried) is a mystery–but possibly some carelessness, or neglect, or even trickery, may have been practised– In the present state of our knowledge I should as soon expect to hear that some one had seen a planet blaze out into a sun– Quere whether your neighbour sowed barley, expecting it to turn to Oats, & then fancied he had sown oats expecting they might change to Barley? Let him sow 50 grains of Oats & mark each spot, & keep his secret, lest some one should wish to quiz him & sow a few grains of barley between– It would be unwise to assert that no grain from the Mummy pits ever did or could germinate–but I have commented in the Gardener's Chronicle upon the only very good case of which we have any account, & have shown the extreme probability than [sic] an error had crept in– Your neighbour is certainly mistaken in supposing the well known Egyptian wheat, (the Blè de miracle of the French) to be the same as that which is stated to have been raised from the Mummy wheat– See what I have said in the G.C. FOR 1846.p.757. reading Reves for Revel-wheat, which is an misprint– We continue to hear very favorable accounts of Mrs H. whom I hope to see back again in 3 or 4 weeks– She talks of taking Kew in her way, to be introduced to Sir W. & Lady Hooker, whose son D r Jos. has become engaged to Fanny, tho' we do not expect they can be married for a year or two– as he will probably have to make a voyage to the E. Indies first– He hast just left us– Louisa is at S t Albans, & the 2 Boys go to school tomorrow– So I am alone with F. & A– & must keep at home for the present– I have been away too much lately–
Kind regards to Mrs Whewell– | Ever y rs most truly | J S Henslow
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+By placing the backs of the strips (as paged) by the sides of others in front you will see a few suggestions for verbal corrections – but I have not been able to be very critical – Your views appear to me to be just except at one place on the last page to which I have attended – Could you procure me ripe seeds of Melampyrum arvense – they are said to be very like common Wheat – from whence I suppose it has been called “Cow-wheat”– It is possible some of your correspondents may be able to get some – It is rare in England, but too plentiful in France – Thanks for discharging the two bills– My doctor tells me to stay at home for a few days as I have got an attack of shingles round the right hip – It is prevalent just now, & I paid one of our benefit Club 10/– today for having it– I suppose I shall have no such luck myself– Kindest regards to Sir W. & Lady H. & yr Sister & Fanny believe me
+Ever aff ly & sincerely y rs | J S Henslow
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+Discusses establishment of the Museum of Economic Botany at Kew by William Jackson Hooker; asks about how to find a book of paper samples like one owned by Babbage for the Museum.
+Sir WmHooker is furnishing a Museum at Kew with all sorts of articles manfactured from vegetable products - and is very anxious to procure various kinds of paper - I told him you had a book of samples which you had purchased & that possibly you would be so good to let him know where such a one was to be found. If you have never seen this new Museum it will be worth your while to steam up to Kew & have a look at it as well as the Gardens which are getting on most famously under his superintendence.
very truly yours
+J.S.Henslow
+Available under license only
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+I have been to Burgh Castle all the morning, & had intended calling upon you to take leave, after dinner–but I was informed that two friends had been here, & stated their intention of looking in this evening, so that I could not get out– Allow me to thank you very sincerely for the kindness & hospitality we have received & to say how much pleasure we should receive at finding any of your family under our roof at Hitcham– You were quite at liberty to have kept the whole of the letters left for your inspection, & I am only too happy to think that you have found some of them worthy a place among your collection’s– I shall take care to put bye any I may receive from persons of whom I may fancy you would like autograph letters, & shall take opportunities of letting you see them & selecting from them– Many thanks also for your kind invitation– & should it please God that we have opportunity of again meeting, I can assure you it will afford myself the greatest pleasure– With our united regards to Mrs & Miss Turner
Believe me | very sincerely yours | J S Henslow
+Available under license only
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+I have brought here with me a few letters & the drawing of Taylor's Monument, that they may be forwarded to you first convenient opportunity– The plate & Rectory I could not procure, but have borrowed a copy that you may see it & have it copied if you wish– It can be returned at your convenience, as I promised it should be– I find Sir W m. getting on with his shoulder & looking very well– M rs Henslow went to Brighton last week, my 2 Boys are returned to School. I left my youngest daughter Anne at S t Albans yesterday– so there are only F. & L. at Hitcham– I am happy to say Fanny appears to have quite recovered her spirits & general health– I had written thus far when M r Gunn made his appearance & have entrusted the parcel to him–
My kindest regards to all your household | believe me | Ever sincerely yrs | J S Henslow
+Available under license only
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+I have delayed a few days thanking you for the kind present you have been so good as to send me– & which I dare say will sooner or later prove useful to me– & will always serve as a memorial of your kindness. I received the plate of the Hadleigh Rectory safely & have restored it to the person who had lent it to me.
+My daughter Fanny is now much better, & the inconveniences she was suffering from the fall seems to be entirely leaving her– She bids me give you her very kind regards & best thanks for the letters you forwarded to her– Indeed I am much gratified by all Josephs letters– The only confirm me mine & secure in the good opinion I had formed of him– & prove the zealous nature of his character in a way which must, in all human probability, satisfy everyone that in all human probability his future success is certain– I have busied myself lately in taking Wasps & Hornets nests for Sir W m. H's Museum– & have got some fine specimens now under process of drying & preparation– I am glad to hear that the accounts from Irstead are somewhat better today & hope & trust that it will please God to restore Miss Hooker to her health before long– Our Curator M r Murray at Cambridge jumped at the idea of obtaining Maritime plants from Yarmouth, & as I am going to Cambridge tomorrow for a couple of days I shall have some talk with him on the subject.–
With kind regards to Miss Turner from myself & family– believe me | Ever most truly y rs | J S Henslow
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+I intercepted your letter as I was passing through Bildestone yesterday in convoy of Fanny hither. I am sorry I cannot be present at the meeting you allude to, but I dare say I shall be well disposed to join in any general arrangements that may be considered advisable– Unless there should be any particular reason for alteration I shall propose lecturing, as hitherto, for 4 days in the week during the Easter term– The great inconvenience which I have felt, is the shortness of the period appointed for residence during that term– If our men were obliged (as at Oxford) to keep the whole time term it would greatly facilitate the introduction of a course of lectures on Botany at a period of the year best suited for the purpose– The day I should appoint would be the earliest I can command at in the week after that in which the terms begins– viz a Tuesday and as Mondays & Saturdays are dies non for non resident– I must restrict my lectures to T. W. Th. F. in each week– I should prefer 12–but as that hour has always been preoccupied, I have been accustomed to lecture at 1.–
Ever sincerely y rs | J S Henslow
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+My mother wants me at St Albans on the 15 th! – & I do not know that I could say more than the following comments may convey if I were to attend–
1. I should say 20 as a minimum – but that is as much as a can be given by me in Easter Term–
+2. A list of names – & cards left–
+3. see N o. 8–
4. Yes
+5. A syllabus of each course defining the minimum required for the Professorial Condition. Having received comments from 3 or 4 quarters on my own projected Syllabus– I was thinking of a circular to all lecturing Botanists to advise about a common minimum for our Universities & various medical schools–an apprenticeship, of an extended form of Syllabus, might suggest matter for Honors– A subject like Botany is too vast without some limitations of this sort–
6. The note seems to be involved in the above–
+7. In the week after?
+8. Why not require a Professorial fee from all undergraduates, & let all the lectures be open to all? A man who wishes to attend several will be heavily taxed, if he has to pay for each– Moreover, it would be very objectionable for payments to specific lectures to be thrown into a common stock– A stated annual payment for apparatus (of which an inventory should be kept) might be made as in the case of the Botanic garden– This fixed sum abstracted, the residue of the Professorial fees might be divided–
9. For the present– But distinctions should be secured by medals or prizes for the best?
+10. Yes
+Ever y rs truly | J S Henslow
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+Probably my remarks contain no useful suggestions, or nothing that has not been already fully discussed– I send them at a venture– Totally ignorant of what the V.C. had been suggesting about the Statutes[.] My allusion to new bottles may have been an unhappy one– but I was in hopes he was proposing some new bottles for our new wine. The old wines needs none– According to your view I should have said he would be putting old bottles (not wine) into old bottles– I was considering the statutes generally as so many bottles, & I thought a few dry added to the old stock might well be added for our recent changes– Perhaps he is only intending to repair the old ones & stretch them a little for the intermixture of the new wine, which I think will not deteriorate the flavour of the old– However I am very sorry to find that he meets such determined opposition–
Is there not a loop hole for men who take law degrees as compared with common degrees? They do not seem to be required to attend any of the Professors beyond the one who lectures in their own subject– Louisa saw you riding with the Worships last week on the Shelford road but you did not see her–
Ever y rs truly | J S Henslow
+ Enclosure
+
Comments on the Draft–
+1. As I can seldom contrive more than 20 lectures in the half term of Easter, a man required to attend 20 as a minimum, must attend every one– But quere w d. a fair excuse be allowed for omitting one or two? or suppose I so divided the course at to give Systematic Botany in the Easter term, & Physiological in the Oct r. would this answer the purpose?
2. Why Michaelmas Term? A man might not think of attending just then, who might wish afterwards to do so– Might there not be a specified place where men could enter their names at Colleges, & either pay their fee or direct the party to whom the care of the list might be intrusted to apply for it in [two illeg words] Tutors–? This would save the necessity of continual repetition of the proposed request– Who would have to make the request?
3. I think there might be some beneficial alterations here– A four guinea ticket to last for 3 years might lead to collusion– Let such a ticket be delivered in to the Professor (to each of the Professors) whose course is to be attended, & returned countersigned (that attendance has been 9.5 & examination satisfactory) at the end of the course– Four guineas might supply ticket for each one course under each & all– But suppose a second course were to be attended might not a second course ticket be provided say at 2 guineas? On second thought I think this would no do– for a man might not answer satisfactorily in one course who would do so at a second– My own subject has so many technicalities that it is difficult to recollect them in one course, & very easy to get hold of them in a second–
7. The end of my lectures always interferes with college examinations– & I fear the subject requires more time for observations & for allowing multiplicity of new terms to settle in mens heads to allow of any very satisfactory examinations being passed so immediately after the course–but experience will show this– at p. 3. line read 3 read academical not accademical} & that line but one my days of attendance s d be T.W.Th.F not every day– N. B. also the days on which the several lectures begin should be inserted E. gr. my own 1849.April.24.
+
For convenience of Almanack consultation wd it not be better that the programme s d be issued at the beginning of each yr. not of the academical year?
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+The clearing away [?] after the party here alluded to, and going to Bury yesterday prevented my replying immediately. I have hunted up the stray Hasselquist and Taxidermy and they shall be restored to their rightful shelves the first opportunity. How I ever transferred them to Hitcham I can't think, but suppose their backs had become so familiar that I did not recognize them as strangers to my library. Your plant is Melissa (not Melittis) grandiflora. I am grieved to hear of the probable necessity of your carrying your wife to warmer winter quarters. I shd. like to get to Birmingham if I can but it is very doubtful. Darwin's a V.P. We have good accounts from Harriet. I lost my larvae of Velleius, but have bred 2 Diptera (a Volucella and another which I found Parasitic in the Wasps' nest, I made the Velleius too moist from overcare.
Kindest regards to your Wife – Ever affecty. yrs | J.S. Henslow
+
+ Enclosure: Printed leaflet. Henslow’s comments in bold.
+
Mr. Henslow expects a large party (more than 300 came) of the Young Men's Association of Ipswich to visit him on Monday next the 25th, when he will exhibit Nests of the Hornet, Wasps, Humble Bees, and some other specimens of Natural History, from 4 to 8 o'clock. At 6 o'clock he proposes making some remarks on the objects exhibited.
+He will be happy to see any of his parishioners on the occasion, and Miss Henslow will have Tea prepared in the Rectory for the Farmers' Ladies at 7 o'clock.
+Should the Day prove unfavourable, the party will be postponed to Tuesday the 26th.
+All went off pleasantly, the Farmers of Hadleigh forwarded them in 10 Wagons and the Cavalcade was astounding to the senses of the Villagers.
+Hitcham Rectory 19th June, 1849
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+I have sent a few plants which I picked out of my small herbarium & am very sorry I could not fill up all your present desiderata – as I have given several plants away to different friends & neglected to keep specimens of others even the most common – however all these deficiencies can be all made up next
+ season indeed, sir, I must confess that I have often spent a day in botanising collected several good & rare plants but in consequence of my professional avocations allowed these to get mouldy & have thrown them away to my great regret – but now I make a point of taking with me a Book or two made of blotting paper & lay the plants out on the spot I collect them, which I have found to answer exceedingly well– as I was rather hurried the day I packed all the plants I might have committed some errors with naming them, but that you will soon discover as I have not paid particular attention to the Grasses, Carex family &c - I put a few of each up in a jumbly way perhaps you can pick something good out of them– I have a small collection of Mosses, Lichens &c, some of which I shall send you when I have another opportunity– I intend next season to steal every opportunity I can in order to make my local herbarium as complete as I can & then I shall be able to complete your desiderata I have several of them by me, but in such a state as would not to be fit to be sent out– & I am afraid you will find many of those which I have sent not in the best order, perhaps you will be kind enough to give me a hint to preserve them better– My collection was sadly neglected about 2 years ago during my absence from home for a few months – several got mouldy and were thrown away– as to my old friend & prescriptor (for I was formerly acquainted with the Rev. J .H. Davies) I think he made many additions to the Botanical list of Plants to be found in the Isle of Anglesey which he was not exactly justified although a most excellent Botanist– I will mention a few instances as I proceed – I query these with ? being natives as they are not to be found now–
+
+
+
+
Dr. Smith has omitted to notice in his English Flora the beautiful nectary at the base of each petal in the Anthericum serotinum & also that the whole plant is covered with a kind of white shining particles which is very evident in the fresh state— I shall take the liberty of troubling you with a list of my desiderata when I shall have another opportunity–
I am Rev d. Sir y r most obed y humble s vt | John Robarts
You perceive sir, that I have been idle in not keeping by me specimens of even the most common plants also that 9 or 10 specimens mentioned by Mr Davies are not to be found in the present day – but I expect I shall be able to procure most of the others you mention – I have on Withering’s arrangement - The Flora Britannica & the English Flora (illeg) perhaps you could recommend me some other good & useful Botanical books- which is the best on the mosses & on the Cryptogamia altogether?
+Fw d by the Rev John Warren
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+I left your books in Cambridge last week on my way thro' and was about to let you know the fact – Melittis melissophyllum is the only species of Melittis, of which grandiflora is a variety, but this is not your plant, which is not a British plant.
Melissa officinalis of Bab. is the common Balm of the gardens, bears a whitish flower. Your plant is (as I stated) Melissa grandiflora found in various parts of Europe. You will find it described in Bentham's Labiata p. 395. I find that plate 12 of the Tom.[?] 3d series is wanting in my copy. I have just had the set bound as far as Tom.[?] 8, and not having collated carefully further I had not observed the ommission. Your plant is Portulaca oleracea, Garden Purslane. Tho' you have not observed the Corolla, I think you will find 5 small petals in fine sunny weather. The 1 st No. of Dr. Hooker's Journal is out, but Sir W. publishes the letters in his London J. of Botany first and then collects them into Nos. as he gets matter [?]. I think Reeve is the publisher. If not it will be Bailliere. I am truly sorry for the cause which presses so heavily on your time and purse – and sincerely trust you will not be obliged to put yourself to the great inconvenience which you contemplate as possible. I am sorry you cannot meet with a Curate to your mind. I fear I shall not get to Birmingham, partly from the difficulty of getting my Sunday duty performed for me, and partly because I have a good deal of work on my hands. I have just been dissecting some pistils of Elschotzia 1/100 inch in diam. and find Lindley's theory of their structure untenable – one of those quasi-ingenious guesses which sometimes retard us by putting us on a wrong scent. I am about to forward the result to Sir. W. H's Journal.
Kind love [?] to yr Wife and | Ever yrs affectionately | J S Henslow
+Available under license only
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+JSH discusses election of a new Curator for Cambridge University Botanic Garden and encloses report to the Vice Chancellor to be passed on to James Stratton as testimonial.
+Thanks Balfour for inclusion of some of his tables in the Manual of Botany and points out errors of genera and species in the tables based on Lindley and Bentham.
Asks for a sample of ‘woody fibre’ used in India for his museum.
+Owing to the death of one & the absence of another of the Trustees of the Bot. Garden, the election of a new Curator will unluckily be postponed for a few days – I have however sent in the enclosed report to the Vice Chancellor such you may be glad to see- You may hand it over to M r Stratton, as it may serve as a testimonial in addition to those with which he has been supplied– I will write to himself as soon as I know the decision of the Trustees– but I believe he has not yet returned to Edinburgh- I hope we are to become personally acquainted next year when the Br. Assoc. meet at Ipswich– Your have greatly complimented me by adopting some [tabular] views with your very excellent manual- but I am to blame in having so hastily thrown them together- the syllabus being printed as my lectures were progressing- I had not time to ask Bentham (for instance) why he had thrown the genera of Vicia & Lotea together (as per Tables) & I find he cannot account for his having done so- & never meant to do so- It is clear he had accidentally summed up the genera of both – I think also you copied from me what had copied from Lindley respecting the enumeration of the genera & species admitted in his acc of the Veg. Kingdom – but I very soon after saw a somewhat just rebuke in the Phytologist at his having been so careless as to allow such high numbers to pass muster, which he ought to have seen must have been too great in comparison with those of Endlicher whom he so closely follows – It seemingley caused me to wonder but I had no time to examine – I saw lately some account of your having received some new descriptions of woody fibre used in manufactures of India- If you should chance to possess it in plenty I should be very glad of a sample some convenient opportunity as I have a Museum (á le Kew) in which I place everything vegetable I can lay my hands on –
Believe me | very truly yr | J S Henslow
+Available under license only
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+I have had to correspond with 2 medical students about the time that would suit them for an examination – & I only received an answer from one of them yesterday. I have settled to examine them on Friday 29 th at 10. A. M. If therefore it would suit you to have the meeting the same day about 2. P. M. [I] could Kill 3 Birds with one stone– (this examination – your meeting & the Ray dinner–) but I propose be in Cambridge the day before & could (if very inconvenient to you to suit me) come on the Wednesday; but I don't like being so long from home at this season of the year, if I can help it– I s d get in by the train at 1:35 on Thursday & could, (If that s d suit) come to you by 2. [or] nearly
so –
+Our kind regards to Mrs W & | believe me | very truly y rs | J S Henslow
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+Apologises for previous letter pointing out an error in Balfour’s Manual of Botany based on JSH’s tables of genera and species, in turn based on Lindley. Error was corrected in Balfour’s text.
I was musing in my head that you had accidentally copied my inadvertent admission of Lindley’s first inaccurate statement of Genera & Species – but I see you were more cautious – Pray excuse me – I know how easy mistakes are propagated & always feel obliged by the correction of any I have made myself– Pray don’t trouble your-self to apply to Dr Elghorn if you do not happen to have a duplicate specimen of the Boehmeria – I am just starting for Ipswich to attend a lecture to night by Henfrey at our Museum there on Cryptogamic Botany–
+Yr s very truly | J.S Henslow
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+I went over to Hardwick on Wednesday to inspect the work at Sir Thos Cullums and I am happy to inform you there is not the least symptom of any part of our patent stone having been affected by the frost–
The efflorescence with [sic] you have noticed is entirely due to the free sulphate in the soda–and I know of no way of removing it but by washing out– I scraped a large quantity of it off and dissolved in water–when I found it exhibited alkaline reaction– I then added a little acid & no effervescence took place neither was any silica precipitated. I afterwards added a little Baryta water where a milky white precipitate immediately showed itself–– clearly proving the presence of sulphate to a large amount–
I noticed a few lengths of the coping which exhibited a little scaling– this arose from imperfect workmanship owing to the men having floated some soft material over the face without thoroughly incorporating it with the mass–
+I have ordered the whole of the Terrace to be well scraped & brushed which will remove all the efflorescence and I do not think any more will present itself–
+With my best thanks for your many repeated acts of Kindness | Believe me My dr Sir | ms faithf– yours | Fredk Ransome–
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+As you make [sic] like to see what Mr Ransome has said to me, I forward his letter– So far as I can judge his statement seems to be fair & just– & I hope you will find every thing ultimately to your satisfaction–
With kind regards to Lady Cullum | Believe me very truly yrs | J S Henslow
+Available under license only
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+My paragraph may stand with the addition of the following–
+B N. B. Part [illeg number] of Balfour's Manual contains all, or nearly all, that will be required on the Structure & Physiology of Plants– And our British plants should be examined by the Floras of either Hooker & Arnott or Babington, for obtaining such information as will be necessary to qualify a student for describing plants contained in the few Orders named in the Syllabus, & to be illustrated during the Lectures–
Dr Hooker has been with us since Monday, & I went to Ipswich yesterday with him & F. & F. or I would have had answered your letter sooner–
Kind regards to Mrs Whewell & | believe me | Ever yr truly | J S Henslow
+Available under license only
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+I propose to carry on these Questions through my Lectures, & to restrict the quantum required at examination from Non reading men to so much as they embrace– Do you see any things to suggest in addition or alteration to this plan? or does it meet your ideas?
+With kind regards to Mrs Whewell | Believe me | very truly yrs | J S Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Your wall plant is a poor specimen of Mercurialis annua. The Garden Amaryllis is Alstroemeria pulchella. The chief work of the sort you name is Endlicher Genera Plantarum (about 3 £) in one fat volume. There is also Endlicher's Euchiridium which gives the full account of orders etc. and the classification of the Generic names with additions to his larger work. It is in one vol. 8vo. about 16/- a very useful manual by which I arrange my Herbarium. There is also (and perhaps this would be the thing) Sprengels Linnaei Genera in one Vol. 8vo but its date is 1830. It is a very useful work (on the Linnean System) for finding out genera so far as it goes – price about 12/- or 16/-. I have only just time to day to answer your letter. Tomorrow I go to London, Kew, and St. Albans till Saturday. The account of the Travellers are very satisfacty. They are at Glasgow. I shall be glad to try the seeds of Centaurea nigra var. radiata for I could not satisfy myself it was distinct as C.B. now seems inclined to consider it. Kind regards to Mrs. L.J. and believe me
Ever affy yrs | J.S. Henslow
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+I could not continue to answer your letter yesterday before leaving home with Anne for this place, where I am arrived to give a lecture tonight to a new Mechanics Institute under the auspices of M r & M rs C Bunbury–
The Aroideous plant made an imperfect attempt at producing a spathe before in curious and complete success. The two spathes appear to be combined below– I possess something of the sort, but shall be glad to have yours also if not too troublesome to be dried– As it is rather succulent, it will be necessary to place it between 8 or 10 sheets of some bibulous paper & change them about the 3 d & 10 th day–
I should much have enjoyed accompanying M rs H. to Yarmouth & Lowestoft but I can return yet from home for mere pleasure sake– Unless called away by something or other that has a dash of duty in it or seems to have, I keep pretty much within the bounds of Hitcham. We return home tomorrow–
Kind regards to M rs Whewell. I convey M rs H. to Kew on Monday, & shall avail myself of the opportunity to take a last peep at the Exhibition–
Ever sincerely y rs | J S Henslow
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+
+ [Do not open the enclosure]
+
It is with the utmost horror & amazement that I look back to the interval elapsed since between the last letter that you wrote to me, & this my acknowledgement of it. I have only to observe that the loss has been mine & not yours, as a letter to a person in the midst of his family & friends is at the most but a passing amusement, whilst to one who is at a distance from both it is not a luxury but a necessary of life. I hope therefore that you will consider me to be sufficiently punished by my own negligence, & let me have the pleasure of hearing from you again very soon. I am at present at Milan on my way to home, where I intend to pass another winter, & shall leave it very early in the spring partly to avoid the bore of the holy week, & partly because I should like to pass a few months in Paris before I leave the continent. My projected tour into Greece was completely put a stop to by the state of Elwes’ health, the gout first taking possession of him, then a liver complaint, & lastly the gravel. I do not know whether Pandora’s box is yet emptied, or whether any other evil yet await him; but I have taken advantage of the intervals between the show to visit Istria, with which I was much pleased, I do not know whether any of the ruins of antiquity in Italy are better preserved or more striking than those of Pola. I employed myself whilst there in taking sketches of them & do not feel myself over & above well satisfied with my performances, but they will serve as remembrances to myself, though not very well calculated to please anyone else. I met with Sheepshanks at Venice, who informed one that you had succeeded Martin, which I was very glad to hear, he also informed me of Whewells seating himself in your vacant chair, & it gave me great pleasure to hear that you had so distinguished a successor. He was not able to inform me of the state of your family, but as I have no doubt that a young professor has already seen the light long since.
I beg you will present my compts to him, & tell him that I hope before too long to have the pleasure of being presented to him, The whole Italian world is at present mad in making excavations, I had a letter the other day from Rome informing me that a lady there took a fancy to dig to her court yard in search of hidden treasure, in doing which amongst other relics they discovered a figure of which only the head was discernable, the rest of the body being encrusted with earth and mortar, this was taken carefully into the drawing room & a large party invited to observe the process of delivering it from its shroud & deciding upon its merits, when the operation was performed & the statue held up to view, it turned out (to the confusion of the discoverer & her fair female friends who were present in great number) to be a priapus of the first magnitude. He is I understand to be retrenched to those particulars which render him unfit for polite society, & being rebaptized, is to become the great ornament of the house in which he was found. I have been able to botanize very little this summer, the heat [at] Sorrento being such that we could do nothing all day but eat snow [&] gasp for breath. Made a small collection in Sicily but the insects have walked off with the whole all owing to a stupid druggist at Palermo who would not sell poison to my servant without an order from a physician, which I had not time to procure, or to visit his shop myself. I have just seen in the list of arrivals Sig S.P. Beales & family con loro seguito, this can be no other than our renowned friend of Newnham, pray what has caused him to emigrate?
+I hope than when you write to me will send me a whole bucket full of Cambridge news, of which I stand in great wait. I have not seen an english paper for the last two months. Pray are our new buildings yet begun on terra firma, or are they still only castles in the air. I am improving myself in Italian by a long correspondence with the custom house officers of Palermo; when I was in Sicily I happened to be passing by a garden in which a countryman whilst digging hit upon an ancient tomb, from which by our joint efforts we extracted painted vases enough enough to fill a small barrel, & for three dollars I made myself possessor of them. I hired a mule from Agrigentum where they were found to take them to Palermo, & when they arrived there the customhouse refused to let them leave the kingdom; the loss would not cut me greatly to heart, but I am doing what I can to recover them. I believe that one of them being formed or rather misformed in the shape of a grotesque head, is the cause of the impediment. I suppose it is considered to be a likeness of the king, it is quite ill looking enough. [rest of page removed].
R. Twopeny
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+Be so good as to forward the enclosed to Broome, whose address you know and I don't. I am very glad to hear of your wife's improved state of health.
+I have a No of the Annals for you and probably more at Cambridge. Shall I send them anywhere?
+Yrs affy | J S Henslow
+
+ ALS on printed letter
+
Hitcham, Hadleigh, Suffolk, November 1851.
+Dear Sir,
+At the last meeting of the British Association, a resolution was passed, called for a report to be prepared against the next meeting in 1852, "On the means of selecting and arranging a series of typical objects illustrative of the three Kingdoms of nature, for Provincial Museums". I am anxious to receive communications from the Members of the Committee, and other Naturalists interested in such a project, that the preparation of this Report may not be delayed, if possible, beyond next March. Would you be so kind as to name to me such one or two objects as you consider it would be most easy to obtain, whether specimens, models. or engravings, as leading TYPES of any of the more important groups in natural history? As some sort of guide to the object in view, I enclose an account of a trifling attempt at commencing an ''instructive series'' (to the public) for Geology, in the Ipswich Museum, which has since been carried down to the bottom of the secondary rocks, so far as the very scanty materials at our disposal have admitted. An improvement on the original plan has been adopted, viz. of arranging the materials selected for illustration under three groups to each geological period. The first includes illustrations of the rocks and other minerals, the second of the Flora. (including specimens of Lignites, &c.) and the third of the Fauna. By means of numerous wood-cuts, the prominent objects noticeable in each of the main divisions of the animal and vegetable kingdoms are also exposed, and thus no important gaps are left in the sequence.
Believe me, | Faithfully Yours, | J S Henslow
+Available under license only
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+Encloses seeds gathered from Heracleum sphondylium. Brief discussion of William Jackson Hooker’s trip to the Alps region, including failed attempt to climb Mont Blanc.
The enclosed seeds have come to me as freshly gathered from a wild plant in Devonshire, supposed to have been a gigantic specimen of our common Heracleum spondylium -I believe them to belong to H.giganteum, (some accidental escape into a field) & they are quite fresh, they may replace those which would not germinate - We have excellent accounts from Dr &Mrs Hooker in Switzerland. The only misfortune that has befallen the gentlemen of the party has been an inglorius defeat in an atttempt to try and scale Mont Blanc.
+Believe me
+very sincerely
+J.S.Henslow
+Available under license only
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+Thanks Balfour for sending a copy of Class Book of Botany, vol. 1. Notes about teaching and students.
Allow me to thank you for a copy, just received, of your Class Book N o 1.
which seems to be very complete – I have named it to my Class & I have no doubt many will avail themselves of it – tho’ not being complete, some will prefer your old manual- As our new system is now beginning fairly to work – I find my class much increased, & am trying to restrict our non-readers to a sort of minimum that I may not frighten them by too much – They really have very little time away [line illeg.] this sort of supernumerary lecture, & my course consists only of 20 – There is a proposal to add 3 or 4 weeks to this term, which if carried will afford me more opportunity- I think I sent you a little sketch I printed last year of my minimum (not my syllabus) in the form of Questions to direct attention to what would be absolutely required- The questions would be put somewhat differently from the form in which they are printed to avoid mere rote-work- If I did not send this I shall be happy to forward a copy-
Believe me | Very truly Y rs | J S Henslow
P. S. It just catches my eye that you have accidentally given the same ex-planation to fig. 141 & 142 _ at foot of p. 59 – & at p. 58. S d it not be “as in tendril of Bryonia” at line 25? 141 is dextrorum & 142 sinistorsum - I never observed till lately that a misprint in my old volume (15 y rs ago) I have given them wrongly also.
__________________________________________________________
+N. B. If you happen to have any waste copy with your wood cuts, I shall be very glad of some – as I make use of them by pasting such on pasteboard & placing them among specimens at lectures
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+Many thanks for sending me the interesting paper – & the good news of Horts election to a fellowship– I will take your advice & read again what you have said of the History of Botany– It is so long since I read it that I have only a very general impression of what you state– I am coming to Cambridge on Nov 2. for 2 nights, to examine, & may then perhaps inform you on Ipswich matters which for a time were a source of great annoyance & disquietude to me – indeed, I cannot say this has yet entirely ceased– Mrs H. is quite well– Mrs Hooker leaves us today for Kew – but we expect her back in Jan y. the grandmamma expectant wishing her to be here during her troubles– Louisa has not yet quite got rid of her heel-adventure last Feb y– She is staying at Shelford– The other 3 are at home & all well–
Our kind regards to M rs W. | & Believe me | Ever truly y rs J S Henslow
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+You are probably aware that G. Currey formerly assistant tutor of St Johns Coll. Is a candidate for the office of Classical Ex r of London Univ y
+
I have been acquainted with Currey from the time he commenced reading as an undergraduate, and have always had reason to entertain the highest opinion of his good sense, sound judgment and application to business, qualities that render him better suited for the office of Examiner than many a man whose career in Classics was much more brilliant than his. He was 4 th Classic in Lord Lyttleton’s year and obtained a good place in the list of wranglers–
I am sorry that I did not see you during your late visit to Cambridge
+Your very truly | W. H. Miller
+Available under license only
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+According to the observations of Rupffer, the latest and I believe the best, a cubic inch of distilled water at 6.2 degree F weighs 252.5977 grains.
+At its maximum density it weighs 252.8746 grains. A cubic foot at it max. density weighs 62.4239 lbs.
+I wrote an article on Meteorites for the Encyclopedia Metropolitana. I am not aware of anything later than this on the subject generally in English. Later I mean in the information collected.
+I am greatly obliged to you for pointing out the error of A0 for A1 on page 4
+Potash for Potassium p76 is noticed in the Errata.
+Glucium is adopted by Naumann and some other writers.
+I prefer a name in an English shape such as Chrome instead of the barbarous Latinized Chromium when there is any authority for it as is the case in the present instance.
+[annotation in JH hand not said oxides underlined] Oxides of tin, lead, copper &c are not reducible by heat alone. They are only reducible when certain gases such as hydrogen, or carbonic oxide from the blowpipe flame, are applied to the oxide in a heated state.
Oxides of gold mercury &c are reduced by heat alone without the aid of any reducing gas. As for instance when heated in a glass tube exhausted and sealed.
+I do not see the objection to art 259. It appears to me to include the case of a body lighter than the water it displaces. The weight of the equal bulk of water is the algebraic difference of the weight of the solid in air and in water. The best value of the length of the seconds pendulum is lat λ appears to be (Airy Fig last to Enc. Metropolitana)
+39.01677 + 0.20027 (sin λ) 2 inches, or, sin a (sin λ)2 = 1-cos 2λ/2 ,
39.11690 – 0.100135 cos 2λ inches.
+Yours very truly| W. H. Miller
+Available under license only
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+When you were here you said you would see whether you had not a specimen or so of the edible swallow's nest for me, and I quite intended to jog your memory before you took leave of Swaffham.
+My plan of exhibiting objects of Nature and Art under a Marquee and giving explanatory lectures upon them seems to give so much pleasure and satisfaction that I am very desirous of scraping all together into my now very tidy attic of whatever I can lay hands on. If you therefore stumble on anything, from a stray planet down to one of the fleas of Eton memory, pray put it up for me. When you go again to Tenby you should call on C. Parker (whom you may remember to have seen here) and he can show you the objects worth seeing, and introduce you to Mr. Griffith and daughters (also acquaintances of mine), who are Algologists and would show you the best of British specimens of Algae. The Georges are at present with us as you know.
+Our kind regards to your wife and believe me | Ever affey. yrs. | J S Henslow
+PS. I send a programme of my last exhibition that you may see the sort of things I am glad of – I don't know whether Harriet has before sent it or not.
+
+ Enclosure
+
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+Many thanks for your kind intentions. I think as I have no immediate Museum adventure before me, the edible nest may repose till you ascertain whether (as you fancy) you have anything else likely to suit my attic Museum. You have forgotten that when last year you thought of sending me the nest, if you had one to spare. I am very glad you have been so lucky with your ± a/c with the incoming Incumbent, and the Auction. I shall be very glad if you can contrive to come to Cambridge when I am there and I dare say if you are not better accommodated I could procure you a bed in D.C. You are right about Charley Parker I thought he might be useful in pointing out localities and introducing you to Mr. Griffith. I see Daubeny has taken up his scientific cudgels against some article in the Quarterly Review denouncing the new arrangements in favour of Natural Science.
+With kind regards to your wife believe me | Ever affy yrs | J S Henslow
+Harriet bids me say she will write soon.
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+Sir Wm. H. writes me word that he has written to you touching the houses for the Bot-Gard. He seems to be very anxious we should not go wrong, & he calls Stratton "an excellent fellow"– I have no doubt he will assist in any way as the scheme advances, in suggesting improvements– The Curator Smith, at Kew, is a very experienced man, & he quite agrees with Sir W m in his strictures on the plan suggested, but I presume he has written to you in detail & I need not repeat what they think– I am (I believe) all but well again, but am desired to be prudent for the future – & not to sit up so late at night, or over-pay myself – with multiplicity of work– Ch! Jenyns & his wife are here – the former busy in drawing me a series of types of the Animal Kingdom for our Ipswich Museum. He has just knocked off the Great Kangaroo, & is now fingering one of the humps of a Camel– I am glad to find L. R. H. has lost none of his feathers, though he was unable to swan above the poll–
Hoping that M rs Whewell is improved in health | believe me | Ever sincerely y rs | J S Henslow
Poor Shelford has left a widow & 12 children wholly unprovided for, & we are about to have a meeting among the clergy to devise something to be done for them–
+Available under license only
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+As Mr Lork of Trinity is so kind as to offer to convey for me the accompanying packet of plants I shall not let the opportunity pass of thanking you for two packets which I have received since I last wrote to you & which I have not had any opportunity of acknowledging since. I always keep a packet with your name on it, & whenever any duplicates happen to occur turn up which I think you wd. like to possess I put them in it, & there they remain till an opportunity occurs of sending them— I should like however for you to specify those which you may be anxious for & which grow about here, as my guide at present is to consult your Flora, & I may perhaps be able to get some which you wd. like even though found mentioned there is Eriophorum pubescens has long been extinct in the habitat mentioned in Relhan, the fen having been drained – I can not satisfy myself that the Galium you were so good as to send me as G. Witheringii it is any thing but a variety of G. palustre – If you have a duplicate I should like a specimen for further comparison – Can you furnish me with good specimens of Melica nutans & Juncus acutus? I intend to follow your example & print a list of my desiderata next year which I will send you, but Any of ye. local species will be acceptable. I subjoin a list of the specimens sent & have placed a (D) against those in your printed list of desiderata –
Y rs. very truly | J. S. Henslow
N.B. You do not mention Bupleurum Arenaria integrifol. Rotundif. in yr. Flora, tho' I have a Spartina stricta specimen from Norton D. given me by Bupleurum rotundifol. Mr J. Hogg
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+I am sorry your artist (who is so promising) should be away. I thought the accompanying could be enlarged & copied. I have not the negatives; otherwise they should be at your service. They are the property of Delamorte – who makes a business of photography. The ones you saw were from busts – which were cast from the face.
+I wish much I could see you; and that so as to allow time to visit Sydenham; where all my casts & busts are – 200 in number. I wish this because there are several Museums taking up Ethnology, & if they would work together, I would let them have the needful specimens for and at slight cost – decreasing, indeed, according to the number of Museums acting together.
This by no means implies that I cannot do something “out of favor & affection” but for say such an outlay as £50 I could do a great deal. We supply casts of faces to a great extent, and a few full-sized whole figures. At present the charge of a full-length model falls on the Crystal Palace (In which I am superintending the Ethnology) only. Dundee with a Museum or two all parties parties would gain.
However, I shall have some Daguerrotypes for you at any rate, and can give you the choice of several costs.
+If you come up send a line 2 days before, & I will meet you at the Eastern Counties Station, or you can meet me at the London Bridge. I come – ¼ past each hour except 11 (eleven) when it is ten minutes after.
+Ever most truly yours| R .G. Latham
+The Revd Professor Henslow
+In W. m Hooker’s
Kew, Brentford
+Available under license only
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+
+ Flagelhurst R. K. of Trinity – Is he an ex-member of the Ray Club, writer on F of Entomological papers. If so, is he accessible to you? Don’t trouble yourself to answer this if you know nothing about him,
Things look fair here
Ever yrs | most truly | R. G. Latham
+[On reverse: The naturalist vote capitally, Babington, Amsted, Darwin …]
+Available under license only
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+The illness & death of one of my Aunts has interfered with my arrangements, & I must return to London tomorrow to give directions for & to attend her funeral on Friday– I just saw Sir W m. H. on Friday night & was surprized to hear Stratton had forestalled my visit by a week– Some of Sir W ms objections appear to me sufficiently grave to admit of further discussions – but Stratton writes me word his plan is to be laid before the senate in a few days. I have never seen it, & have only a general impression of what it is to be– I could have wished to have met him at Kew, & have discussed it with Sir W m. & M r Smith – for though I have not sufficient practical knowledge to propose plans myself, I think I could have understood the bearing of their objections or otherwise sufficiently to have given you a decent opinion on the subject– I hope & think it will all turn out well– I am writing to Willis about the Museum.
Ever sincerely y rs | J S Henslow
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+I have delayed writing till my lectures were over that I might send you this syllabus corrected so far as I might see errors during my lectures – It was prepared during my last course for those who attend for a pass examination, & you will see I have divested it of several tabular views which were in the former [missing - one or more lines not photocopied] than our mere pass men could digest in short course - The Demonstrations at the end are rather for the initiation of those who want to work a little during the long vacation – for several some of them belong to flowers that are not out yet- I have received a map of the great Dracaena of Orotava, & have cut off a section which may be subdivided in 2 or 3 slices when thoroughly dry _ Stratton has suggested that [missing - one or more lines not photocopied] you have it now already – The fibres are concentrically arrange somewhat after the manner of an [one word illeg.] - & there is a sloughing of the surface which looks like a genuine bark. I found the 2 d part of your excellent Class Book waiting for me on the shelf at M cMillans Shop, & I believe several of my Class have procured it _ I had a pleasant excursion with 2 doz. of them to Ely last week – but most of the few plants are late, & we did not get many things in flower– I was rather curious to know whether I should be able to stand my lecture & pay to & fro for duty here- but I am happy to be returned much better than when I first went, & hope I have pretty thoroughly recovered from my late unpleasant attack, state to be dyspepsia from neuralgic affection arising from over work –
Yrs very truly | J S Henslow
+Available under license only
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+JSH sends list of plants from the Hitcham village herbarium and adds last programme of village horticultural society. Discusses receiving material for Ipswich and Cambridge museums and arrangement to send Balfour a section of Dracaena from La Orotava.
Many thanks for your last volume – which I shall find it very convenient to put into the hands of any one who asks me for an introduction to BG. When I begin my 4 promised lectures this winter at our Ipswich Museum- I promised to send you the list of our Herbarium plants to which my Village children have since added 50 species – & I add my last programme of our Hort. Soc- as it may possibly give a hint to some one inclined to take up such proceedings – experience has now fully satisfied me of the use of them – I tell all my friends that I am a ready recipient of all sorts of odds & ends in Nature & Art- They find their way into my Attic Museums & in due course come our under the Marquee[part word
+ illeg.] – & thence many get permited either to the Ipswich Museums or to my Cambridge Museum – for the latter I am always glad to procure any thing in Economic Botany – When I was at Cambridge last week I told Stratton to get sawed off for you a slice of a large section of the Orotava Dracaena where the fibres are arranged decidedly in concentric rings–
Believe me very truly & sincerely yours | J S Henslow
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+It would have given us great pleasure to have received you in the way you kindly propose, but on Saturday last we offered a visit to some friends in Surry of about a week, to commence from next Saturday and this morning we received their acceptance. We are thus obliged to defer the pleasure of seeing you here, I hope not for a long time; & the sooner you can name a day when you expect to be in town the more agreeable it will be to us.
No calamity was ever more deplored in the loss of an individual, whether in respect of friendship or science than that of Edward Forbes has been – it is indeed as regards the sciences he cultivated inseparable, & a grievous blow to Edinburgh University.
+I cannot understand how you succeed in making such excellent impressions of cellular tissue with ink– if it is easy & applicable to other parts of the plant, how useful for illustrations at small cost.
+With our best regards to Mrs Henslow & your family–
+I am ever faithfully yours | Leonard Horner
+Observe in our address that West belongs to Road, & not to Regents. I write on paper made of straw.
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+If not previously disposed of, it would be charity well directed if you would give your vote in behalf of poor Morton.
+The father of this idiot has worked for me at intervals for more than 20 years – an industrious and most excellent character. Take one trait of his character – that his family may have the whole benefit of his earnings, he walked home every night from his work & returned in the morning, a distance of six miles.–
+You have several subscribers in Hadleigh at the asylum, I will take the liberty of sending 3 or 4 cards.
+I have missed copies of your parochial papers – I shall always be delighted to receive them as I endeavour to do good with them by showing them as examples of superior management.
+I remain | my dear Sir |very truly yours | Benjamin Maund
+Available under license only
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+I received with much satisfaction the contributions from your ??:
+If the answer be small, the manner of collecting it is so gratifying as to increase its value two fold.
+The touching remark you appended to your letter concerning the tranquil and peaceful death of your Mother, as contrasted with that of so many who have perished in the Crimea – is one that I shall keep to & hold ????
+I am Rev Sir | your faithful servant | S.C. Hall
+Available under license only
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+Stratton was with me last night to talk over Garden matters, & among others I mentioned having learnt from more quarters than one that an important rule laid down by the Syndicate was habitually broken, by some of the servants accepting fees– It seems to me that the practice might be effectually stopped & the scandal suppressed, by having 2 or 3 printed boards placed about the garden, with the regulations here enclosed– He does not like to do this without, your sanction, & I have promised to write to you. There used to be a notice in the old garden, & such practice is common in all such gardens, to the effect that no one is allowed to carry off specimens without the consent of the Curator– This might be advantageously added to the rest– I know for certain that persons are prevented visiting the Garden, & especially the houses, so often as they would wish to do, from the keen look out for a gratuity which not directly asked for is sufficiently solicited by look & manner to be very unpleasant to them–
+I return home on Saturday – & may fairly say I never before have had so attentive a class–
+Ever y rs truly | J S Henslow
+ Enclosure: Clipping from a printed sheet, with autograph emendations.
+
the Garden is open daily (Sundays excepted) to all graduates of the University; to all undergraduates giving their name and college, if required; and to respectably dressed strangers, on condition of giving their name and address if required. Servants with children, children by themselves, and persons accompanied by dogs are excluded. The Plant-houses may be visited from One till Four. No fees are allowed to be received by any of the attendants , & visitors are particularly requested never to offer any.
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+I have been so busy since I received yr letter I could not reply till I got from home. I am fully intending to go to Cheltenham, but my stay must be limited as I have a London Univy. Examination to attend to during the same week – i.e. Examination on Aug 6 for 10-12: meet Examiners on Aug. 13 – do that must leave on Tuesday the 12th. I shall probably go down on Aug. 7. I am glad to hear what you are going to do about Species. Hooker has just put in my hands some lucubrations (a proof sheet) of his on the same subject.
+I have a most remarkable example of Sport in a 3d Species of Aegilops transformed to a triticoidal form, and (as I believe) tending very materially to confirm former observations that races of Wheat are modified form of Species (races?) of Aegilops. I brought Louisa to town and she is going to Northamptonshire (to Downey) this afternoon. I carry Harriet back with me tomorrow. I am at the moment writing in the Examination Room of the L.U. but will carry my letter to Kew before I post it. I have accidentally left yours there and there maybe something further to say in reply. If you see the Gardeners Chronicle you will have observed a series of Articles I am writing on "Practical lessons on Botany for all classes". The first was on Saturday July 5th or rather the Preliminary which led to the 1st on July 12th.
+Kind regards to Mrs. L.J. and | Ever affly yrs | J.S. Henslow
+PS. Harriet has nothing to add, and I have brought yr. letter all the way back before posting it! No one has refuted Herbert's Expry. [?]
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+Allow me to return you my best thanks for a valuable packet of plants, which was brought me by M r Ja s: Lork a week or two since and are now arrainged in my herbarium, after having been washed with a solution corrosive sublimate in spirits of wine, a precaution, I hope you take, to preserve rare specimens from destructive insects— I am very sorry Eriophorum pubescens is exterminated in your neighbourhood for I must own I do not understand the plant or have mistaken it for another cotton grass. The Rev d M r Holmes, who I had the pleasure of seeing here in the summer, mentioned, having found E. pubescens near Carlisle and afterwards sent me specimens, but his plant was what I had always considered E. polystachion, so frequent in the North of England—of that species, from a South country locality I possess no specimen and must own myself puzzled between them for if M r H— be correct, as I conclude he must be, E: pubescens is common with us and E: polystachion confined to the South of England— are both species in your Herbarium? and can you resolve these doubts? With regards to Galium Witheringii, all I can say is, that it agrees exactly with a sp n so named by the Bishop of Carlisle and of course is Smiths species (see Eng: Bot:) whether a good one or no, I will not pretend to determine, not being in seed when gathered it adds in some degree to the difficulty.— the situation in which it grew was by no means marshy and its general habit is unlike that of palustre— You shall have another sp n together with Melica nutans, but our Juncus acutus is only a var: of J. maritimus— Pray send me a list of your Desiderata and I will do all in my power to shorten the catalogue[.] When the 1 st Ed. of my pamphlet on the Geog: of Plants was published M r Hogg had not discovered Bupleurum rotundifolium in the County of Durham, but in the edition now sent you will find it mentioned— as well as some valuable information contained in notes, for which I am also indebted to your friend.— Are you certain that Lonicera Caprifolium is indigenous at Hinton? Or was it not planted there by the late M r Rehlan? Can you spare me sp ms of Malaxis Loeselii? Do you collect exotic species and rare garden plants? If so I will add a few from Lapland to the next British ones. There must certainly must be many curious and obscure exotics in your botanic garden— Pray let me hear from you by post for I never grudge paying for scientific letters—
Adieu my dear Sir and | believe me truly yours | Nat: Jn s: Winch
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+It appears to be tolerably obvious that it will not do to give the candidates for honours in the Natural Sciences tripos three examinations of three hours each in one day, as you propose to do on Wednesday March 5. I cannot give any notice which implies such a days work for them. Since neither Tuesday not Thursday afternoon suits your convenience I must decline responsibility for giving notice of the day and hour on which the botanical examination is to take place.
+I remain |my dear Henslow | very truly yours | W. H. Miller
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+I am not unreasonable enough to expect an answer to a letter which like the present is semi-official ie an announcement of my being an applicant for the Registrarship of the London University.
+I shall only consider myself most fortunate if my claims obtain your favorable consideration – weighed (as I am sure they will be) against those of many others
+Ever my dear Professor | yours most truly | R. G. Latham
+Available under license only
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+Ray Society's Publications for–
+1, 42 — Progress of Phys. Bot
+5 — Reports on Bot. Geog.
+6 — Geography of plants
+9 — Reports by Link & Grisebach
+———
+I have been thinking of your wishes, & it seems to me the above may be of some use to you– I found when I proceeded to examine the Gardeners Chronicle that the Index for 1856 had not yet been published– As I had prepared my own copy for binding I had thrown away the references to Articles on the covers of the separates N os. – I there fore have not been able to fulfill my promise of hunting up Hooker's scattered articles on De Candolle's Geographie– but probably the Index will soon be out now & then there will be no difficulty– I am so occupied from Morn till Night that I cannot quite spare the time for the hunt without some such clue– I wrote to Hooker, who is so infinitely more au fait at Botanical Progress than myself, & he tells me he has written to you to say he will, as soon as he possibly can, devote the time necessary to meet your wishes– You will thus have infinitely better authority than I am for amendment & additions. If you will let me see the proof sheets I may possibly correct a few technicalities or misprints, but I feel sure that D r Hooker will leave nothing to be desired in the way of information– I dare say you know his preface to the New Zealand Flora– Berkeley has just brought out an Introduction to Cryptogamic Botany– & you can consult his preface with advantage– More advance has been made of late years in this part of the subject than in any other– This has been owing to the vast improvements of late in Microscopes, toys in the hands of so many – mighty engines in the Service of progress with the few– I find our botanical nomenclature sadly grates upon the ears of some of our Cambridge friends – in the notice of what we require at the next Nat Sc. Tripos– I tell the V. C. the Classics of the Universities are to blame in
Ever y rs sincerely | J S Henslow
P. S. Mrs H. bids me add her kind regards– I will try & find you more matter before I come up on the 27 th –
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+Dr Playfair wishes me to write & ask your advise as to how a good model Herbarium to illustrate the classification of plants by typical specimens & fitted for teaching the elements of Botany in Schools could be procured?
+If a good model of this kind were furnished to our Educational Museum, steps might afterwards be taken for multiplying it for sale; and if you would be good enough to mention the cost of setting up such a Collection as an example for invitation, my Lords would no doubt authorise the expenditure of a sum for its preparation, and they will with pleasure allow you a fee of £10– for superintending the preparation & for your scientific advise in regard to it.
+I am Sir | Your Obed. Serv t | Edward Stanley Poole
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+I will examine the carex before long, and let you know my opinion. I am sure the Ipswich Mus. will be very glad of the Eggs, and so will their President of the useful stow-boxes! If the whole cargo is enclosed in a packing case and forwarded by rail, addressed to me Museum Ipswich, you need not think of paying the carriage. It will arrive very readily as I know by 2 chests similarly started last week from Bristol. I shall be very glad to have you here, and we will visit the Museum together. I was there on Tuesday with Dr. Sinclair (a friend of Hooker's) who staid with us 3 or 4 days. He has been 13 years in New Zealand – fond of collecting and giving away his collected specimens. He gave me last autumn the skin of an Apteryx and some other things of interest. The Crania you name will be well taken care of. There is no fault to be found in this respect. Every thing is well kept and clean. You should state on the labels that these are the authentic specimens described by you. It will make them more interesting and valuable. I don't recollect about Ray's catalogue. But when I go to Cambridge I will search. I have made a mem. of this in my pocket book. Harriet left us yesterday for Cambridge, and Fanny goes tomorrow, returning in July. We are pretty well – the exceptions being that I and Louise have had coughs for 2 months and Anne has a swelling on her wrist which requires bandaging.
I Hope Mrs. L. J. is as well as her delicate health admits. My kind regards to her–
+Ever affy yrs | J S Henslow
+I am in mourning for Uncle Ed. Henslow who died at Northfleet 2 or 3 weeks ago.
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+Mess s Williams and Norgate 14 Henrietta Street Covent Garden, have at last sent me Dauber’s models of Crystals. I have the larger series, consisting of 80 models, in a tray-like box having a sliding lid. They cost 11 thalers or 33 shillings at the original depot the ‘Schulbuchhandlung Braunschweig’. The carriage in Germany amounted to 2 s, and the duty and carriage &c in England to 8 s, making the collection £2:3 s. The cost of the smaller collection consisting of 50 models at the ‘Schulbuchhandlung’ is 8 thalers or 24 shillings, the expenses of carriage duty &c would I presume be the same as for the larger collection, at least very nearly the same.
I have put up half of my American clips for you. The cost of those which I have destined for you was 4 s.
Very truly yours | W. H. Miller
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+Discusses lists of fish and British birds and inability to attend previous meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Provides details of trip to the Paris Exposition.
+Your letter (but not the list) has intercepted me here on my return from Paris – I am glad to find Bree’s partial list of British Birds has stired up Mr Sclater to forward a more general one – I sent Brees’ (& Crouch’s also) with the very [line missing from photocopy] induced to give us more general lists of Birds & Fishes –When those now sent in one printed & circulated we shall (no doubt) receive several more & may hope for a tolerably complete series by next meeting – I was truly vexed I could not come– But I had (inter alia) my own fete to attend to close followed up by a visit (with 2 daughters & a Son) to the Paris Exposition – I have learnt a good deal in Paris & am very glad I have been – The contents of the Exposition far exceed those in our Palace of /51- The only thing in which ours excelled was in the general effect from the extensive display in a single Building – The annex is a vast chamber much longer than our Palace, tho’ not so broad- The taste displayed in arranging the goods far surpasses what was showed – I suppose you know your acquaintance Capt. Cockburn (our neighbour at Bilderston) has got the Cossack & has sailed for y e Baltic – I believe you
+ r. If so I hope I shall be able to be present
Yrs truly | J S Henslow
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+I delivered your message to Kingsley. He had constructed the long handled forceps on paper only, not in wood and metal. I shall be greatly obliged to you for your continuum for hanging drawings. I have used a kind of Shepherd’s Crook for hanging diagrams with its head or hook constructed of iron wire of about 0.1 inches diam or a little more. The socket by which the hook was fitted attached to the handle was made by twisting the wire into an extremely elongated screw.
The ergot blunder was a very stupid one.
+[Drawing of described ‘crook’ marked ‘upper end of handle’ and ‘screw’.]
+Very truly yours | W. H. Miller
+Available under license only
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+You will find your Catmint figured in the Bot. Mag. Pl. 923 under the name of Nepeta longiflora– But like many garden flowers it bears many synonymes. I think I recollect it in the Bot. Garden as N. cœrulea– Our Labiata Authority Bentham quotes the B. M. fig. under his N. Mussini – & for synonymes gives us longiflora, salviæflora, cyanotricha, argentea, diffusa, incana, lamiifolia, teucrioides, violacea, Willdenoviana &c. So you have plenty of choice.
+He makes N. caerulea a synonyme of N. latifolia.
+There is a marvellous confusion among the Catmints, several of which nearly resemble each other & have been mistaken accordingly in gardens more especially. I returned home yesterday with Anne from Kew where she had been for a few days on her way from Bath.
+Y rs Ever truly | J S Henslow
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+I am this moment preparing to quit the house for Hemel Hempstead, where I am going for a couple of nights expressly to see some of these "Haches en Silex" brought from Abbeville, & to have a discussion with my host (M r Evans) about them. I get back (viâ Kew) by Friday, with Louisa, who goes up with me to see her dentist–
There is no question whatever about these Haches being the work of man – but, in my mind, whether a very great doubt indeed of their having been wrought in pre-historic periods– I can't see how the deluge has any thing to do with them– When I wrote to the Athenæum, I find I was ignorant of much that was known, about them, & I have just got the fanciful work of Mons. Perthes, & his facts, which I am reading– I have a letter for the Athenæum detailing a fact or two which I think tend to throw light upon the question; but I shall take it with me to H. H. today– When I have had my view of the articals (sic) & discussion there I will write again.
Y rs very truly | J S Henslow
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+I think Mr Jenyns' Observations on the Ornithology of Cambridgeshire well worthy of being printed.
+As you have requested me to make any remarks that may occur to me, I take the liberty of mentioning a few things which have struck me during the hasty perusal which I have been able to give to his observations.
+Under the head Insectivori the Cinercon[?] shrike is said to have been shot at Melbourne. This is a mistake – it was found recently killed probably by a hawk. Would it not be advisable to state that this bird feeds on birds and mice as well as insects. It swallows small birds and mice entire.
+The accentor alpinus was not shot in my garden but in the open space immediately under the last window of the Chapel.
+The Boarula[?] often appears in Octr: or earlier on our lawn and in the field on the other side the river.
+I have known 3 or four Martins stay about the South side of Clare Hall till the 18th of Novr.
+I have seen a single swift for many successive days about our chapel during the early part of Septr. I do not know if it be worth recording that a considerable number of a Covey of partridges bred in the neighbourhood of Clay high [?] were perfectly white.
+A Stone curlew in its first feathers was brought to me alive about two years ago which I was told was bred very near Cambridge.
+The Crane used to breed in England. Turner page 48. says apud Anglos etiam nidulantur grues in locis palustribus et eorum (vipiones) – young cranes – saepissime vidi. He does not mention the Cambridge fens, but probably alludes to them, As for what he says respecting the siskin he was acquainted with the country about Cambridge.
+I have known five or six whimbrels offered for sale at Cambridge.
+A solitary snipe also was brought to market some time since, but was too much mutilated by shot to be fit for stuffing.
+The Gallinula Baillonii was caught alive at Melbourne [?].
+I have been informed by a person who frequents the market that the coot is often sold in the Cambridge market.
+Anser ferns [?].
+A. Segetum [?]
+A. albifrons
+A. Bernicla [ ?]
+As far as my experience extends I cannot agree in the frequent appearance of most of these birds in the Cambridge market. More than ninety in a hundred which are sold there I believe to be Bean Geese. I have not yet been able to purchase the Anser ferus [?]. I have not known the albifrons to have been sold there above two or three times nor have I been able to procure from thence either a Brent Goose or a Barnacle both of which are not uncommon in the London markets at some season.
+Anas Strepera Gadwall [?) I find by a note in my Montagu that two of these birds were offered for sale in Cambridge market, Feb. 25 1824.
+Anas Iadorna [?] Sheldrake not uncommon.
+I procured only the male [?] on April 1st at Cambridge. I do not know where the female was killed. I have been told that it is not unusual for Cormorants to follow the course of rivers to [damage] great distance from the sea. The Shag never [damage] very rarely quits the Coast.
+Is not the Sea pie [?] found in Cambridgeshire?
+Believe me, Dear Sir | yrs very sincerely | G Thackeray
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+On my return home I found so much occupation & then an unexpected summons back here, that I really have had no opportunity of fulfilling my promise to write before now– To answer your queres catagorically
+1. The Celts occur in a brick earth pit at Honne & tho' recent observations have not yet absolutely demonstrated the truth of M r Frere's original account in the Archiologia, I have now seen that account, & am quite prepared to admit the extreme probability of its correctness, & that the Celts really occur in undisturbed Drift – of a freshwater origin. The beds appear to cap the sides of a water course or valley of excavation, pretty much as described in regard to the Abbeville & Amiens stations.
2. The Celts are unquestionably the work of man – very like those I have now seen from the French localities–
+3. I suppose they were used as hatchets, mounted in horn or wood, after a fashion which has been found & described in some (later) cases in Mons. Perthe's work & others–
+The age of this Drift I by no means consider to have been satisfactorily established but it must be very old– I have a fact to detail connecting Suffolk Drift which seems to show (in such cases as this) that it may & must be of rapid accumulation. Then comes the enquiry into the present conditions of the surface – & I do not see why we may not suppose a considerable elevation throughout the N. of Europe to have taken place within a moderate number of 1000's of years, sufficient to explain this– The facts related in the letter of the Danish Professor (whose name I forget) in the Athenæum, appear to prove that in some cases very little alteration indeed has taken place by the action of water upon the mounds in which the savages who used these celts stored them, as it should seem (from Sir C. Lyell's account of a modern mound) as in an armoury– But I am not sufficiently up to the question to say much about it – I hope to visit the locality at Amiens, where I think it has been clearly demonstrated these weapons are found in undisturbed Drift– I have now seen 2 photographs which are perfectly convincing– I have an examination to attend to tomorrow & return home on Saturday – to find Louisa with 2 sweet young ladies she is expecting, if we may judge by their name of Sugars.
Kind regards (to which Mrs Hooker bids me add hers) to Lady Afflick | Y rs truly | J S Henslow
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+I have been an unconscionably long time in replying to your letter, but one thing and another has prevented me doing so till now. I am unexpectedly summoned at this unbotanical season to examine in Botany tomorrow.
+I suppose I must give them red snow. I met Broome at the Linnean last week and he has perhaps told you I asked him to let you know I had not quite finished Darwin but would write when I had. My views correspond with yours. The Book is a marvellous assemblage of facts and observations – and no doubt contains much legitimate inference, but it pushes hypothesis (for it is not real theory) too far. It reminds me of the age in Astronomy when much was explained by Epicycles, and for every fresh difficulty a fresh epicycle was invented. I have placed a D opposite to unexplained convictions without demonstrations, and I fancy when summed up these will amount to rather more than the usual allowance which goes to the adage "Exceptions prove the rule". The fact I believe to be, that Darwin attempts more than is granted to Man, just as people used to try to account for the origin of Evil – a question past our finding out. However his book is a wonderful book and will do good. This Celt question is another curious difficulty. I have now no doubt of their being found in undisturbed Drift – but I am inclined to believe the geological phenomena do not require such immense lapses of time as some would have us believe. I hope to visit the French localities in Spring.
Fanny bids me add her kind regards to mine to your wife and self. | Ever affectionately yrs | J.S. Henslow
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+Mr E's M.S. requires a little closer attention than I have yet had time to bestow upon it – but I don't hesitate saying I consider it well worth publishing among miscellaneous materials, as you suggest– There is a figure needed for the Jew fish pages, which I have supplied at the back of a piece of paper containing 2 or 3 figures which do not apply to the assumptions he has made.– It is long since I looked at the original speculations of Mess rs Braun & C o. I have a diagram introduced last year at In my lectures, to show how readily the fundamental spiral may be detected, by noting the intersection of 2 secondary spirals coiled in opposite directions– But the speculations of M r E., in this mode of resolving the fundamental spiral, & his ingenious conjectures & suggestions, so far as I have hitherto been able to look into them, are new to me; & (unless I have quite forgotten) proceed in quite a different tack from those of Mess B. The view taken by such a mind as M r E's must be interesting, even if he have stated nothing absolutely new, & I would recommend his M.S. to be printed verbatim.
We expect the Barnard's here next week, & I can return the M.S. when they return to C., or bring it myself when I come up; unless you wish to have it earlier, & I am asked to forward it immediately, I should like to consider more of it; but I write at once, as I thought you w d be expecting to hear–
Best respects to Lady Afflick & believe me | very truly yrs | J S Henslow
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+I will take the M. S. to Hitcham on Friday & let you know what I think as soon as I can look it over which will probably be on Tuesday, as I know that Saturday & Monday will be too fully occupied to not allow me to do so before–
+Y rs very truly | J S Henslow
P.S. Lady Afflick asks when I return, y r Messenger– We leave on Friday morning, unless I am called away on Thursday which however I hardly expect–
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+Discusses recent trip to French gravel pits due to flint hatchets found there. Asks for high altitude samples for French friend’s acclimatisation study. Comments on Hooker’s trip to Middle East.
+I am just returned from the Gravel pits of Amiens & Abbeville, where I was attracted by the interest excited in regard to the flint Hatchets found there – I met with a French friend interested in a Society of Acclimatization of plants – He asked me if I could procure for him seeds of Rubus arcticus & chamaemorus, Papaver nudicaule, & any other species of high latitude – the object being to sow them on ye S t Barnard – very possibly you ripen seeds of such things at Edinburgh– If so, can you readily favour me with a few sample for the object in view? They will be duly appreciated or I would not put such a request to you – Dr Hooker has just started for Syria, & means to investigate the Lebanon & proposing to be absent for 2 months with a surveying expedition which gives him a berth – Thanks for the printed papers last sent– All such things are interesting & useful to me
Believe me | Very truly y rs | J S Henslow
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+Thanks Balfour for receipt of a package of Scottish plants. Sends a few specimens and asks for a complete list of required plants.
+I feel most particularly obliged by the handsome packet of Scotch plants which you sent me- I have so many S. country friends to whom they are always acceptable that any thing of this sort is always most useful to me- I have sent a few specimens, from such duplicates as I have & which I thought might be acceptable- but if you will favour me with a complete list of your desiderata I may perhaps have an opportunity from time to time to diminish it a little- or if you will point out any of our Cambridge species of which you are desirous of possessing more specimens I will endeavour to procure them – I generally sort my duplicates before X mas every year, & shall keep a packet open for you –
Y rs very truly | J.S Henslow
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+To: Prof .r Henslow
+ Cam [rubbed out] I long for the Plates of my Helices.
Two letters of y. rs are before me. The 1 st came with the copies of my Primiteae. It is vain now to repeat my regret & vexation at the unfortunate delay in the Plates of shells. In every way I felt annoyed in the extreme, & the loss of the 1 st box of shells (for I hear nothing of them) is very provoking. But my chief mortification is the plague it may have occasioned you. However, I was much gratified with the ill.del. look of my paper in regard to the style in w. ch it has been got up – & you have my warm thanks for all the plague & trouble you have had about it. You omit to say how much the binding & so forth has run me in y. r debt in matters of cash. – Has not Treuttel had a copy of de Candolle? I had a letter from him (D.C.) the other day in w. ch he says he had not then (June) rec. d it, – but that he hardly c. d on second thoughts. I am just sending him our Compositae for his 7(?). th Vol. of the Prodr.– I thank you, for y. r letter by Smith & for his acquaintance; for he seems a very nice fellow, & botanically disposed. I am doing all I can to urge him on [letter cut] present any genus of above 20 species gives him a panick
The box contains for the Soc. y a large jar of Fish (No. IV) to each of w. ch is attached a N. o corresp. g with those of my MSS more securely I hope than before. – A green bottle marked (A.) contain. g spec. ns of my Sideroxylon M…. in fl. r & with the only ripe fr. t ever got; Habenaria caudata Br.; Orchis secundiflora Lois (no Orchis….. but as Berkeley says, a Himantoglossum), very rare indeed. – The fruit full grown but unripe of my Tamus morsa; that of an Arum, possibly A. italicum, the only one we have indig. s here, & lastly the fruit of a Solanum (S. sanctum?) from St. Iago of the Cape de Verdis) w. ch I rec. d with a few plants thence this summer. Another green bottle marked (C.) contains spec. ns of Olea excelsa. The small brown jar (B.) is divided by lines into 3 divisions. The uppermost div. n contains a branch of ripe fruit of Dracaena Draco; – another with d. o of Olea microcarpa nob. N. o 572 x MS very rare in fruit; – Chaetophora marina? – Flowers & unripe fruit of my Smilax pendulina; Flowers of Pomadermis Africana nob (Ceanothus, Auct. m); – & Valonia utricularis Ag. wrapped in paper. The 2. nd layer consists of Codium adhoerens Ag.; unripe fruit of Amaryllis Belladonna; & ripe fruit (omnium rariss!) of Chameomeles coriacea, with 2 unripe berries of D. o all I ever c. d get. The lowest layer consists of the flowers of Salix canariensis in w. ch as very often occurs, notwithstanding Sir James Smith, the anthers change into germens & vice versa; – & a berry of Ruscus hypophyllum β. nob. There is [written sideways over text] in the box also a ripe capsule of Brugmansia arborea, & 2 pieces of the wood of a fine-leaved Casuarina not determined. In all there are 2 Jars, 2 bottles, 2 pieces of Casuarina wood & the capsule aforesaid. I have only time to add my kind regards to L. Jenyns. I am
y. rs most sincerely | R.T. Lowe.
I shall set to … regards to the Sec for the Trans. directly & an appendix to the Plants of a few more new species.– The Cycas is not forgotten but w. d not go into with the box.–
[On reverse]
+C. Inn| 5th Dec.r
+Dear John
+As desired on the half of the Sheet you will not get – I forward this half to you – & have desired Ilbery (?) to send you the package forthwith, & me the Bill–
+Yours affect.ly | J. W. Henslow
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+Has forwarded JSH letter to a Mr Blackie in anticipation of him disproving own theories. Has heard Blackie is about to leave Thomas Coke’s service. Mentions that Cole, in a British Museum MS, has written of Sambucus ebulus growing on the Bartlow Hills.
Gives notes on dimension of two trees planted at his Audley End Estate, a Lebanon cedar and an oak.
+Your letter has been forwarded to M r Blackie, and I give you due credit for setting a trap for him little doubting that he will put his foot into it, viz furnishing materials to convict his own theories.
I have heard that he is about to leave M r Cokes service, but I do not know that it is true.
Mr Gage (?) tells me that Cole in one of his ms vols in the British Museum, mentions the Ebulus or dwarf elder as growing on the Bartlow Hills, & being commonly called Dane’s blood. I never heard however that Cole was a botanist.
+On the other page I have copied the dimensions of two of the trees near this house with the dates &c
+I hope that you will not suffer from the unwelcome intruder into your eye, & that you will leave the Ladies to themselves rather than risk an inflammation or inconvenience from lionizing
+Believe me
+D r Sir
Y rs faithfully
Braybrooke
+Dimensions of the self sown oak and the large Cedar in the Mount Garden at Audley End
+Sown in Oak Height6 1796 1832 f. i.
at 3 feet from the ground 3 10 6. 2
+9 feet 3. 3 5. 6 1832
+
Height 46. 4 56. 4
+Cedar
+of
+Lebanon
+Planted 1832
+2 f. i.
+3 feet from the ground 11 5
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+Berwick upon Tweed–
+I take the liberty of sending you by my friend D. r Blake two specimens of our marine productions which I thought might be acceptable, & not uninteresting specimens in your Museum. The one is the Matrix of the Fusus antiquus – the other is the Tubularia ramosa – both dredged up in Berwick bay.
The enclosed etchings are waste paper.
+I am with great respect | your most obed t Servt | George Johnston
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+I am much obliged by your kind letter of this morning & exceeding vexed that it will be quite impossible for me to accept of your kind proposal for Tuesday as that day is our Audit & I must be on duty in the Chapter House from 10 A.M. to 7 P.M. there remain therefore but 2 methods by which we may contrive a meeting – the first if you can come over to Oxford,& sleep) by 8 9 or 10 or 11 Tuesday evening & sleep at my house & go to Abingdon Wed ay morning. The other if you can come to Oxford from Abingdon Wednesday & dine with me & if you must be in Cambridge Thursday go home by a night coach to London Wednesday night – it is provoking that the Cambridge coach goes hence Wednesday.
I shd be much interested to talk over Weymouth with you at this time because the paper on this district is now passing through the press & I have corrected the proofs of 31 sheets & expect another Tuesday – The whole I expect will be about 40 pages 4 o. It stands first in the next Vol of the Geol Proc gs w ch should be ready 2 months hence.
If we do not meet this week I will send to you the proofs that you may at once see what De la Beche & I have said – and if there be any thing you wd like to have inserted in the form of notes-or of an Appendix-if you will put it into the shape of a letter to me I will try to add it in the places to which your observations may relate.
+At the moment I am nearly sure that not more than the first 8 pages are printed off - & these are chiefly the introductory & general statements.
+Mrs Buckland … in best Regards & in hope of seeing you Tuesday or Wednesday
+With you always
+Yours sincerely
+W.Buckland
+[addressed to Cholsey, Wallingford]
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+I have subjoined the results of my examination of the two specimens, which you will have the goodness to insert in your Paper in what manner you may think proper. — The darker Crystals seem so decidedly Garnets that I made only a rough chemical attack upon them which is [symbol for therefore] not worth mentioning. — I regret that you have waited so long for this account
+& ever | most truly yours | J. Cumming
+The lighter coloured crystals, having the form of the Trapezoidal Dodecahedron, appear to be analcine with excess of Iron — They are slightly electric by friction; they scratch glass; they readily vitrify before the Blowpipe & gelatinize with acids. — The Specific Gravity of some detached Crystals was 2.293, that of a mass 2.394. — By exposure to a red heat there was a loss of 5 per cent.
+The mineral was examined in the usual method by repeated digestion with muriatic acid. The residue being boiled & fused with caustic Potash. — The muriatic solution dried & heated to redness to decompose the muriates of Iron & Alumina was dissolved in water; a … of Lime was separated from the Solution, which by evaporation gave crystals of Common Salt. — Silex was obtained from the alkaline solution by muriatic acid; Alumina & Iron were precipitated by Caustic Ammonia, and Lime by the oxalate; the Iron & Alumina were separated by boiling with Caustic Potash, from which the Alumina was precipitated by Muriate of Ammonia. The results were
+Silex — 49
+Alumina — 17
+Lime — 12
+Iron — 4
+Soda — 9
+Water — 5
+Loss — 4
+= 100
+The character and composition of the darker coloured crystals were are decidedly different. Their form is the Rhomboidal Dodecahedron; their hardness such that they readily scratch the former crystals; their specific gravity 3.353: they do not easily fuse before the Blowpipe, nor gelatinize in acids; in short they have all the characters of the Garnet. —
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+I return you many thanks for your kindness in furnishing me with fresh specimens of the Mespilus Cotoneaster from the Orme's head – which is a very valuable addition to our British flora– I have the greatest pleasure in accepting your offer of becoming my correspondent & shall feel very grateful for any specimens of local plants that you may find sufficient leisure to dry for me– I will in return do my best to diminish your own list of desiderata– I intend in the course of the present year to print a list of my desiderata, & will send you a copy with the addition of a few Welsh plants of which I wish for duplicates– In the mean time however I may say that any, peculiar to Wales, will be acceptable, duplicates or not– It is preferable (if possible) to make your specimens rather larger– I always carry a tin box with me of the following dimensions, 15 Inches long, 8 broad, 4 deep. This I sling over my shoulder with a leather strap– I find the chalk-paper, used by grocers, to be the very best for drying plants– I will take an opportunity of returning your tin box, when M r Warren of Bangor returns, which however I fear may not be for some time– Could you conveniently dry me a few r Curtis who is publishing "British entomology", each plate accompanied by a British plant, so that if it reaches him sufficiently fresh you will soon see it figured– I mentioned the name of the discoverer to him, & gave him an extract from your letter relating to its habitat.– The following plants (mentioned in your list) from Ormes head are found in this neighbourhood viz. Spiræa filipend ula. Hippocrepis comosa, Hypocharis maculata, Viola hirta, Orchis pyramidalis, Avena pratensis & flavescens, Scabiosa columbaria, Euonymus europœus & I have found in Kent the Pyrus aria & Epipactis latifolia in abundance, but the rest I do not meet with in this part of the country viz. Potentilla verna, Brassica oleracea, Crambe maritima, Hypericum montanum, Cistus marifolius, Silene nutans, Rubia peregrina, Borago officinalis (query if truly wild?), Arenaria verna, Scrophularia verna, Orobanche minor,– Any of which would be acceptable particularly those underlined– I should like also some Hypocharis maculata, for the purpose of comparison with our specimens – it being so very variable a plant– When you favour me with your desiderata, pray make the the list as copious as possible that I may have the better chance of assisting you either by myself or thro' some friend– I sent some plants to M r Robarts which I hope he has received, & I will do my best to collect some grasses & Carices for him this summer as he seemed to wish for some assistance in that department–
Believe me | Dear Sir | Y rs very truly | J S Henslow
+ Endorsement by Wilson:[ …] hyperborea is the only British species Known– [ … ] have neither in my collection–
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+I return the proof sheet of the Preface according to Whewell’s desire to you. I think the statements in the first page and a half would be clearer & more correct if you should think proper to adopt the alterations which I have suggested. I should be glad to have the half sheet containing Whewell’s letter returned when you have done with it.
+I am in some anxiety about your publication of the unrevised speeches. I hope you have in fact revised them all with care. Where you cannot give the speakers an opportunity of revising themselves, it is necessary at least to be extremely cautious, both for the sake of the feelings of the individuals & the credit of the Association, that you print nothing in any one’s name which is either absurd or in bad taste. A Newspaper Editor of speeches either leaves out the nonsense of a speech or contrives to turn into sense, and you must exercise a still more rigorous excision and a choicer transmutation. I dare say you have done this, but the allusion in the Preface to the responsibility of the Reporter leaves a doubt with me whether you are taking your own share of responsibility which is not a small one in giving publicity to three extemporaneous speeches. I know by experience the difficulty & delicacy of the task you have undertaken and feel that I should myself be annoyed (though my sensibility on such matters is a good deal blunted) at reading a foolish speech of my own in print whether faithfully reported or not. When I have had to do what you are doing my method has been to pick out the most valuable parts of a speech & not to scruple to dress up the phraseology of them a little better than the Reporter & I have generally found the speaker well satisfied with this treatment.
+Y. rs sincerely| W m J s Harcourt
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+When I was in Cambridge I expressed a great desire to be permitted carefully to examine and make drawings of those fragments of the Bones of the Megatherium which you had in your Custody, as they seemed likely to improve our knowledge of this extraordinary Creature: but in order to render them fit for drawing it would be necessary to bestow several days labour on them to remove the gravel and other extraneous matter which is so firmly cemented to them, which unless it were done with great care and some tact, they might be irreparably injured, or their characteristic surfaces be destroyed.
+Now, as a week’s absence from London would be a serious inconvenience to me, do you think it possible that permission could be obtained to allow them to be packed in cotton wadding and the box sent by the coach to me here, as I could in that case more carefully and slowly work them out at every leisure hour, than I could possibly do at Cambridge, and at the same time be on the spot to attend to attend to my duties here? They would lose nothing of their interest or value by being submitted to my care, as I should feel it incumbent on me to repair and unite all such parts as can possibly be repaired; having had a good deal of experience and practice that way, as you will confess when you see what has been achieved on your own Specimens: and when they have been thus repaired and identified, they shall be as carefully returned, with the necessary descriptions to render them interesting & valuable to such as may wish to consult them hereafter; and without which kind of information such specimens, you must be aware, are comparatively without value. It would be desirable that every portion of the bones of this animal in your possession should be sent, as even a very small fragment materially assists in restoring the true character of the part to which it belongs; and a moderately small box will contain the whole. If this very desirable object can be attained, I am sure I may reckon on your kindness in superintending the careful packing of the very fragile specimens that they may not suffer further injury than they have already sustained: or I would, if you think it absolutely necessary, come down to Cambridge and superintend the packing. It is a very singular circumstance that among the bones at the College we have almost all the parts that are defective in the Madrid Skeleton; and at Cambridge it is possible that you may possess parts that neither the one or the other can boast of. If you will favour me with a line to acquaint me with what is necessary to do, you will much oblige
Dear Sir |yours very respectfully | W m Clift
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+The day after I had the pleasure of seeing you at D r Hooker’s, (when we were speaking of your intended Mechanic’s Institution at Cambridge) I wrote to Edinburgh for the Reports of the School of Arts. I got them two days afterwards, & forwarded the parcel to D r Hooker’s, but I was sorry to learn from him that you had left him before he received it. I could not find an opportunity in Glasgow of sending it free to London, so I brought it here, & mean to ask Oliver & Boyd the Booksellers to forward it. I have put it in an envelope directed to M r Lonsdale at the Geological Society requesting him to forward it to you by the first opportunity.
I am My Dear Sir | Your’s very faithfully | Leonard Horner
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+Many thanks for your parcel recd last evening inclosing the sketch wh I have placed in the Artists Hands & I shall hope to have in the printing press by Friday or Saturday as he is waiting for it –
+Your Zamia cone throws much light on my drawing of a cone from the Portland Bed & is much nearer to the fossil than any of the fir cones. I now understand fully your reasoning upon this subject.
+Mrs Buckland desires also to return her best thanks for Mr Jenyns manuscript on the Cryllas & Pisidium - & your Election Papers of evil omen to all Pluralists.
+I think your notices of on the temperatures of springs near Weymouth – shd be recorded in a note, as they may be hereafter of use – when you take the temperature of water from a pump do you first pump off as much as may have filled the pipe & been affected by the air surrounding it ?
+With respect to the wood encircled with the cylinder of flint do you think it certain that the said cylinder bearing marks of no organic structure may not possibly be of the same nature. (simply mineral) with the concretions of flint & chert that we find of the same cylindrical form around alcyonic bodies in the chalk and greensand formations assuming the form of the inclosed organic body to a distance of some 2 3 or 4 inches beyond the actual surface?
+On your Theory as you apply it to the case of yr stumps in the Dint(?) Bed it seems to me we ought to have the heart of these trees also increased with cylinders of chert bearing no organic structure or but little of it – but I am not aware of any case in wch such a Crystal or case of chert has been found around the Dint Bed Trees & unless you have an example that has occurred to you I wd hardly venture to print what you state on this subject in your former letter – pray inform me immediately if you have any case such as this - & it will be in time for the press – if you have no such Cryst , we must I think rest content to believe in the decay of all but the heart of the Trees before they were buried under the Burr
+I will return your Chalbury Hill specimen & Zamia cone in a box which I hope to send to Professor Miller the end of this week or beginning of the next
+Mrs B is much better and writes in kind regards to Mrs Henslow
+With as always
+Very truly
+W. Buckland
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+My friend Dr Lindley has this Moment forwarded to me your letter – I write at once to say I am much gratified to find that you will oblige me by writing the Bot Shoots(?)…… Section & that I agree to the terms very willingly – My home will be at Bristol & .......... all month about forwarding the Papers –
+I am Dear Sir in gt haste | ….. Yr | C. W. Dilke (Ed. Athenaeum written by JSH)
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+During my last summer’s ramble in Norway I had hoped to collect many plants, but owing to the rapidity of my movements, to say nothing of the difficulty of preserving & carrying them, I was utterly unable. I send you however the few that I collected, tho’ I fear there is nothing worthy of your notice. The plant, which I take to be a Saxifrage, was very beautiful & fragrant, when fresh gathered, & was growing high up on the sunny side of a valley in the Dovre-Field chain of mountains. I only saw a few specimens in one spot, & some of them were much larger than those I send; but their size prevented me from bringing them away.
+I send also a few shells, which I gathered near Udevalla, in Sweden, from one of the raised beaches described by M r Lyell. They are most abundant there, & lie at an elevation at least 500 feet above the level of the sea, which is about a mile distant. It would seem that the whole peninsula of Norway & Sweden has at some time been elevated; for a gentleman resident near Gothenburg in Sweden told me of similar beds in his neighbourhood. I heard of them also, from good authority, near Christiania, & M r Laing, in his book on Norway, speaks of these beds being very abundant, north of Drontheim (sic), at a considerable elevation above the coast.
I fear that I shall appear to have taken useless trouble in forwarding these things to you, but if they sh. d be of the least value to you, it will be a satisfaction to
Your’s very faithfully | Charles Yate
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+I avail myself of the opportunity presented by Mr. Marsh’s returning to England, to acquit myself of an old debt. In 1828 you sent me £4.4sh to pay some dried plants of Mr. Poeffig, the amount of which did not however surpass £3.18.6. The remaining 5sh. 6d I had no convenient means to send till now, what I hope you will excuse.
+I am always very glad to have some news of you, the last one by Mr. Hildyard of Cambridge– As to Botany I must confess that almost no time is left for it in the present time, which is occupied by hospital & town practice and lectures at the university, perhaps future times will be more favorable.
+Believe me Sir | very truly yours | Radius M D.
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+Discusses a unique plant fossil, possibly a Calamites in fruit and the logistics of JSH viewing it. States that rather than the fossil being sent to JSH, in its fragile condition it would be better for a drawing to be made under the supervision of his son, William Bowman. Offers to send JSH a description of the fossil via his son, along with analysis by Robert Brown. Recommends Brown’s analysis of the fossil for inclusion in Fossil Flora and states that it would make a good opening plate.
Also states that he has recently seen several specimens of an unusual Stigmaria in Leeds and has arranged for drawings and description to be sent to JSH for Fossil Flora. Gives his own description of the specimens as well. Offers to find coal fossils for JSH.
As I had not heard from my son for several weeks, I was not aware till I rec. d your favour of the 26 th Ult o that you had not been in town & called at Kings Coll. to see the Fossil. It proves to be even more interesting & peculiar than I was aware; for Will. m tells me that after showing it to Mr. Lonsdale of the Geol. Soc. y (who knows nothing of it) he wished him to show it to Mr. Rob. t Brown & gave him an introductory note. I was delighted to learn that it was equally unknown to him, & that he was much puzzled how to decide on its affinities, & wished W. m to leave it with him, which he did. We may therefore be quite sure it will prove qu new to science, & I am in hope it may help to throw light on the verticillated fossil plants called Asterophyllites, which, from another fossil spike of somewhat similar form, though much smaller, which I have found within the last month, I strongly suspect will be found to be identical with the Calamites. Has a fossil Calamite been ever found in fruit?
With regard to your request for that the Fossil now at K. Coll. may be sent you, via Cambridge, most certainly if you figure it yourself, or if wish it to be fig. d under your own inspection, it shall be sent you; but if it will have to be sent back to Town to be drawn, I would beg to submit whether it w. d not be better as well and safer (for portions of it are in a tender decomposing state) to put it at once into the Draughtsman’s hands, and for these reasons, there can be no doubt of its proving quite new (W. Hutton & Profr Phillips have also seen it) and time & risk w. d be saved; & my son (himself a good draughtsman) would be able to point out its structure & peculiarities to & also to revise the outlines & suggest any alterations that might be necessary after the drawing is made as I made him fully understand its structure when he was here & requested him to attend to it. He will be found quite competent. I left with him another letter for you which he was to deliver when you called; he might send you this, & also the description I drew up for the Fossil Flora, & these would enable you to form a tolerable idea of it; & if you will write to him to this effect, he will send them either direct or via Cambridge. He may also be able to give you Brown’s ideas of it, as he was to see him again. By the way, as Brown’s views of vegetable structure are so profound & extensive, & moreover as I suppose he has studied fossil Botany more than most, it w. d be desirable to ask if he would allow his observations on this fruit to be inserted in the Foss. Flo. This I leave to you. If you have not made definitive arrangements for the 1. st N. o may I suggest that this fossil from its beauty, novelty & interest, w. d form a very appropriate subject for the opening plate. It ought to be put upon a double plate, or 2 single ones – The little I can do to assist you, I shall do with great pleasure; I shall send you a drawing of the spec. alluded to of the spikes of a Calamite or the spec. itself found in the red marl in this neighb. d which forms the very top of the Coal Measure formation; and this reminds me that I saw at Leeds last week (where I went as one of a Deputation from our Geol. Soc. y to that of Yorkshire) to make arrangements for the construction of the a section across the island from the Irish sea to the German ocean through Lancashire & Yorkshire) several spec. ns of a new and very peculiar Stigmaria? which interested me so much that I requested permission to make a sketch, but afterwards learned that a M.r Teale of that place had read a Paper on them & made drawings. I therefore named to him that it was very desirable he sh. d forward to you the drawings & description for the Foss. Flor. which he promised to do. I therefore need only say that each spec. consisted of 4 long & thick horizontal arms, stretching out precisely at right angles from in the form of a cross, & one of the arms showed a divarication equally exact & uniform. [drawing] What struck me most was that the union of the other 4 arms was effected by means of a very perfect & rather elevated cross intersecting the centre underneath exactly as I have represented. To this cross line the arms seem as it were to have been fitted, as a carpenter w. d join a framework of wood of the same shape. All the figures on the surface though rather irregular like the bark of the oak, ranged diagonally to the longitudinal axis at the sides, but parallel to it when they approached the central ridge underneath. They also divaricated from the ends of the Cross. I know of no vegetable structure like this, either fossil or recent. One or two of the specimens seemed to me to have borne an upright trunk on the upper surface, & there was a detached portion of trunk with four abutments which looked as if connected; but Mr. Teale thought they had a domelike character like Stigmaria. Here & there were a few obscure circular scars of leaves.+
It is very likely that I could procure you a few Coal fossils, which are plentiful enough in the neighb. d and I suppose are rare in your present neighb. d. They are heavy, but if you think them worth carriage, pray let me know. Postage is comparatively cheap now, thanks to our liberal Ministers, the tories w. d never have given it us–
Believe me ever my dear Sir | Yours very faithf. y | J.E.Bowman
+ The vertical section of 2 of the arms of the Leeds fossil as it lies, bottom upwards in the sketch on the other side, w. d have this appearance [drawing: needs photo] Supposing therefore that a. is the top of the dome in its natural position, it so far agrees with the common Stigmaria.
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+I received your notification and should be exceedingly rejoiced to be able to come and add my voice to yours at the election, but in the circumstances in which I am placed I am in great hopes that the Committee will excuse my visiting Cambridge at present and that Lord Palmerston will be kind enough to believe the extreme mortification with which I deny myself the pleasure of giving him my vote.
+I hope his numbers will be such as to make the addition of my unit a matter of no consequence except to myself – and though I would not allow such a hope to stand in the way of my doing all I could in any common case, I think as matters are I may let it serve for a consolation– The fact is that it will depend entirely upon my staying here uninterruptedly where we are able to finish our experiment here or not. It has turned out to be attended with much difficulty & unavoidable delay and will require every day that we can command from this time till July. After having come so far and gone through so much of the really hard labour which it demands, it will not I think be expected that I should ensure its failure by leaving off in the middle of it. So I shall trust to all of you believing, who are concerned about the election, that nothing short of such a necessity would keep me away at such a time.
+We are going on here pretty well but without being able yet to see what sort of result we shall arrive at, after swinging our two pendulums one above and one below ground we have changed their places & are proceeding do the same over again. To day's observations if they are precise enough will decide something. I have the under-ground work to day and are just going to descend. For the next 12 hours or thereabouts I shall have 1200 feet of granite & slay slate between me and the light of day, sitting in one cavern in the rock and looking through two telescopes in a wooden partition, into another cavern. When I have done this for some hours I shall have to climb up to the surface on which you live by about 60 vertical ladders. This must go on for some weeks before we can be certain of the quantities which we have to determine– You must conceive also that in all our ascents & descents we have to carry 3 box & 4 pocket chronometers and you will have some idea of our employments.
+I must set about my day's work immediately and have no time to add more. I wish most heartily success, and should be very glad to hear any account of the election or any other matters respecting Cambridge–
+Pray give my best remembrances to M rs Henslow and Miss Fanny–
Remind Sedgwick of his promise to come here & remember me to all friends | Ever truly yours | W Whewell
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+I have not had an opportunity before today of going to Cambridge and arranging Wood’s Entomology for binding; but it is my intention to accompany Hawthorne there, if the weather permit almost as soon as I have written this!
+Thank you for the mice, which will be acceptable, with any others that can be procured for comparison with my own. The Shrew with white teeth is simply in a very old individual of S. tetragonurus in which the teeth are worn down by long use to below the coloured portions, an accident which I have observed in former specimens of my own, but wh. gives the dentation quite a different character & might easily mislead at first sight.–
The Dormouse I have buried according to request, having simply extracted the cranium for preservation. – The Rennic, has you term it, appears to be a very dark specimen of S. folicium & may assist in determining whether that & the S. ciliatus are distinct.
I am glad you do not repent of your leaving Cambridge, but I hear grievous lamentations of at the blank which you have caused there, & I feel very much myself having no house to receive me when I go over. – And my prospects are still worse now than they have been before yet, for my pony (Mr Hawthorne’s) is I fear so lame as to be unfit for further use this winter: I am consequently cut off from all communication with Cambridge, & how to get on with Darwin’s fishes, without frequent access to the Library & Museum, I know not. – My finger is now quite well, tho’ still tender at the bone when pressed; I feel on the whole, however, better for my trip, & do not grudge regret having undertaken it. – I was sorry to hear of the melancholy death of your ornithological neighbour Mr Hoy: was he not the gentleman whose falcons you went to see, and gave me an account of? – I have nothing very particular to say to Harriet, so do not write to her now; but give her my love, & tell her I hope to hear from her on the return of the Hawthornes. –
Have you ever had a piece of wedding cake which was in the care of Lucas of Downing for you & wh. he was consulting me how to have conveyed to you?
+Yours Affly | L. Jenyns
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+I take the liberty of directing your attention to the accompanying Remarks, because I am desirous of obtaining your sanction to them. I have lately decided upon relinquishing the practice of my Profession, and upon devoting myself altogether to the pursuit of Physiology and its allied Sciences. This determination involves a very serious pecuniary sacrifice; and I cannot but feel very keenly, therefore, an attack which will have so prejudicial an influence on my future prospects, if I do not take some very decided mode of silencing the calumny– I am desirous of procuring, for this purpose, the testimony of men whose position may give weight to their statements; and, on a subject of this scientifico-theological character, no testimony will be so valuable as that of orthodox–still better, clerical– men of science. I have taken the liberty of writing to Prof. r Clark on the subject; and I shall feel obliged by your letting him see the copy of my Principles of Physiology which I sent to you, if he have not one in his own possession.
What I take the liberty of requesting from yourself (as early as convenient) is an opinion of the correctness and tendency of the views expressed in the Chapter “on the Nature & Causes of Vital Actions”, and in the concluding one, on the “Evidences of Design”. I believe that you will (generally, at least) agree with me in regard to the correctness of my views. I feel sure that you will exonerate me from the imputations laid to my charge in regard to their dangerous tendency – I do not apologise for thus troubling you, since I feel confident that you will rejoice in doing an act of justice of this kind, in behalf of one who is making the Science of Physiology his pursuit.
+If, at the same time, you could give me a separate testimonial as to the general merits of my Volume, especially the mode in which the vegetable Physiology is brought to bear upon the Animal, it might hereafter be very useful to me.
+Believe me to remain |Dear Sir |respect ly & sinc ly yours | William B. Carpenter
[Two enclosures: newspaper article by W. Carpenter: Remarks on some passages in the review of “Principles of General and Comparative Physiology” in the Edinburgh Medical & Surgical Journal, January 1840.
+Cambridge University Library, MSS Add. 8177: 64 (ii)
+Cambridge University Library, MSS Add. 8177: 64 (iii)
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+I have been extremely obliged by your kind letter, of which you will see that I have made use. I think that you will feel interested in some of the extracts from other letters, which I have felt it necessary to print. In consequence of the dogged refusal of the Editor of the M.I.J. to do me justice, either by admitting my own defence, or by qualifying his misstatements, I have been driven to place them before the public in the form of an Advertisement to circulate with the Journal. And as each complaints from grumbling Authors are seldom thought well of by the public, I have thought it necessary to append such testimony as will give additional weight to my own Remarks.
+Your account of your attempts to improve the mental condition of your neighbourhood was very interesting to me and my friends. If it were not for the expense of carriage, I should most gladly contribute any little articles in my reach to your omnium-gatherum
Believe me to remain, Dear Sir, | respectfully & sinc.ly yours | William B. Carpenter
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+Apologises that JSH has not been able to see fossil spike in London, potentially a large Lycopodium, because it cannot be transported due to fragility. Provides a description and drawing of it.
Discusses fossil trees found in his local area and specimens sent to the Geological Society and Robert Brown, together with a paper Bowman has written on them. States that he has found proof of the solid and subsequently hollowed state of the trees from corresponding bands of soft shale. Provides JSH with a brief description and says full details will be given when whole paper is published. States that they give decisive proof of growth where they were found, that they have overturned the scepticism of geologists including John Phillips and Louis Agassiz, and that a miniature model is being made of them.
+Discusses illustrations of the internal structure of Sigillaria by Alexandre Brongniart and his wish to see them when published. Also discusses previous drawings of Sigillaria with leaves by Brongniart and W. Conway. Passes on message from Conway for Fossil Flora to send someone to do drawings of Bristol fossil collection.
I am sorry you have not been able to see the fossil spike which is still in London, because considering its state, & size (not larger than the clenched hand of a man) I hardly feel that it would be safe to subject it to the risk & contingence of a stage waggon. If injured or lost, I am not aware that there is another to replace it. I want it back much; but my Son is going to Paris shortly, & I have told him to take it with him to shew to Brongniart. If my eyes were as they used to be, I would long ago have made drawings which. w. d have rendered it intelligible; but I dare not. It might be a gigantic Lycopodium, or something analogous, were there only one seed or capsule in depth between the axis & the surface, but there are 3, often 4 & they seed? is are globular, & situated on a general receptacle which is apparently a whorled expansion of the central axis. I think the whole spike consists of upwards of 40 tiers or whorls of the seeds (the above scratch is from memory & magnified about twice).
[Drawing captioned ‘longitud l. section’]
With respect to the Fossil Trees found in this neighb. d it would be quite impracticable to send you any portion that would give you any idea either of their shape or size, and as their interior is only inorganic Sandstone, no structure is visible in them. There is however a good section of one of the smallest at the Geol. Soc. y Somerset House, which I sent up when I read my Paper; & I gave Mr. Rob. t Brown the portion I took from the interior of a similar tree from the same bed, which when cut & polished, shewed structure. You will see an abstract of my paper in N o 69 of the Geol. l Proceedings & I see it today also in the new No. of Taylor’s Phil. Mag. which will give you some particulars. Since then, I have obtained another independent proof of the original hol solid & subsequent hollowed state of these trees, from a singular band of soft shale (a, in sketch) [Watercolour sketch] which occurs in one of them & corresponds with a similar band to about 9 feet higher in the section. It would take some time to describe all particulars, & as the whole Paper will be pub. d in our Manchester Transact. & probably also in Jameson’s Edinb. Phil. Journal, it will not be necessary; but I give you a reduced sketch. The blue is shale, the brown, sandstone, & black coal, the lowest thin band being that on which all the trees stand +– It was W. Hutton who requested drawings of the trees; but I shall give two figures of the most striking with their enormous roots to accompany with my Paper. [+ The roots of this tree are gone] They w. d amaze you & are decisive as to the growth upon the spot. They entirely removed Prof. Phillips scepticism, & since his return to York, he has read his recantation of his former opinions respecting them. I took Agassiz to see them & he was delighted, & had no doubt they had grown where they still stand. He assisted me to measure the thickness of the shales & sandstones in the section I have given you, & required no explanation to identify the shale bands a & b– An ingenious modeller here is making a miniature model of all these fossil trees, with the section of the measures in the deep cutting for the Railway, shewing them in situ; and also ofenlarged facsimiles of each of the trees, which he will shortly have for sale– Probably when finished, I shall send you an advert of it.
I am delighted to hear that Brongniart has just published illustrations of the internal structure of Sigillaria, & shall be impatient till I see them, which I soon shall, as I have the whole of his published Hist. des Veget. Foss. (15 Nos.) in which they probably appear. But if not, may I beg the favour of your informing me the title of the work, by Post, that I may procure it. I wish his splendid work went on a little quicker, –too sure an omen I fear, of want of support–
+In his 13 th No. he gives a Sigillaria with leaves, which agree with those of W. Conway, though I think not they (Brongn. ts) are not so good– This reminds me that I preferred your request to him and he intends making another drawing of his magnificent Sigillaria, as soon as his other avocations will permit. He says– “Would it not answer the Proprietors of the F. Flo. to send some one to Bristol to make Drawings; they have a magnificent collection of fossils, some most splendid ones, and perfectly new. Mr Stutchbury the Curator suggested this to me last summer, & it struck me at the time of as being a very good suggestion; & I think if Prof. r Henslow visited the Institution he w. d be of the same opinion”
Believe me my dear Sir |Very sincerely yours | J. E. Bowman
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+As you have turned your attention lately to the Coal Plants I enclose a sketch made about a year ago which gives an idea of the venation of two species – one figured very badly by Mr Lindley, the other not yet published as English but figured in Brogniart’s admirable work– I cannot however see the correctness of his definition of the genus Odontopteris which induced me to scratch these out. It is no doubt a good genus enough but if my two specimens belong to the same species or even genus its definition will need alteration–
+Of the specimens in the Society’s cabinet named by Mr Lonsdale. N. o–
C.
+1. Odontopteris Schlotheimii – is the one in my sketch
+2. ------------------------------------ query genus & species.
+A.
+1. –– –– obtusa.
+2. –– –– –– –– (both my “A”)
+3. –– –– –– –– a Pecopteris?!
+4. –– –– –– –– a Neuropteris?!
+5. –– –– –––– ? Not a Fern at all? but agrees best with Mr Lindley’s figure!
+B.
+1. Otopteris? dubia. The spec. n figured by Mr Lindley I will not vouch for the accuracy of the last but have looked at it very carefully in the “sun-light”. If you have better spec ms or know the species I would feel obliged by a line some day, setting me right–
This was my first attempt at etching & uninstructed wh will I hope be a sufficient apology for its execution–
+I rem, Dear Sir, | Yours very truly | S. P. Woodward
+Lindley’s ‘Otopteris? dubia’ has I imagine nothing to do with the other species of Otopteris from the Volites – which form a pretty genus widely separated (?) from these coal measure Odontopterides – with wh Göppert has united them– Surely Lindley’s Odontopteris obtusa is not a Fern?
+[card with sketches A B C attached - needs phot]
+C Odontopteris Schlotheimii Ad. Bron.
+A. Odontopteris obtusa (Lonsdale not Lindley)
+B. Otopteris? dubia Lindley Knowlbury
+Coal measures. Silverdale. Stafford
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+Asks JSH to make contact with Joseph Jukes, ahead of his 1842 expedition to New Guinea, the Torres Straits and Australia, in order to increase his understanding of botany.
+Jukes who I dare say you remember at all events by name who has been out to survey Newfoundland & is not long since returned is going out with Capt Blackwood on a surveying expedition to New Guinea & the straits between that island and Australia.
+I am sure you will do all in your power to give him all kinds of hints & information that may be useful to him – He is going almost immediately & knows little or nothing of botany – a great pity but one which under your direction he may try & do something to remedy by knowing what to get and how to get it.
+Will you put yourself in communication with him? His present address is 1 Pauls Terrace Wolverhampton
+I am
+Always your loving
+D. T. Ansted
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+I was in London , last week, but unfortunately caught cold going up, and was unable to leave the house almost the whole time of my being there. – I could not in con sc go to Baillieu’s myself, but I got Yarrell to call, – & to give him the commission about Achille Comte’s tableaux du Reg. An. – which he said he would attend to.
He said he had not sent any to you for some time back because you ordered him not on the occasion of your leaving Cambridge.
+It is of no importance your not having yet attended to the Botanical notes on White’s Selbourne as I am only now just beginning to set to work again upon the subject myself, – but I hope you will not forget it altogether; – and it will be quite time enough if I have them by the beginning, or even the middle, of next month. –
+Also I wish you would send me (this as soon as you are able) – the roughest pencil sketch, such as need not take you more than a few minutes, – of the Harvest-Mouse, in the attitude in w. h you so often see your own, – of running down the twig, & stopping in its descent with the extremity of its tail curled round the stem; – I hope too, that when you give me your botanical notes, you will include one on the H. mouse, – detailing anything you have observed in its habits w. h you think interesting & adapt it for insertion. –
Charles & I came down together yesterday: He talks of going to you when he leaves Bottisham, & he has written a line or two above the last page in relation thereto.[ I shall expect to hear whether it suits you to receive me 29 th or at present advised Chas.]
It is a long time since I heard from Harriet, – but hope she & all the rest are well. – Give her my love, & Believe I am,
+Yours aff’ly | L. Jenyns
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+I am much obliged to you for your letter of the 1 st Instant & the enclosed Sermon. They reached me last night from Ely. I have read the Sermon with great satisfaction and I have no doubt that it will be attended with great benefits to your Parishioners
Remain
+Your faithful Serv t.
J Ely
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+As you are so near (I suppose) as to be able to dine at Manchester & breakfast next morning with me, let me beg of you to give us a little of the pleasure of your company at our country house at Redesdale four miles from Dublin. Besides a hearty welcome from Mrs Whately & myself, I can offer you the company of two young ladies who are, as you will know, among your admirers, my daughter & Miss Lindsay. We want you also very much to inspect that most important institution our Model-Farm, for wh if you can furnish any useful hints, you may do most important service to all Ireland.
+Believe me to be | Dear Sir | very truly yrs |Rd Dublin
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+Your kind invitation would be most gladly accepted if I could quit my present charge, but since Mr. Clift’s retirement, I as resident Curator cannot be absent from the College during the night without special permission; now for this I am unwilling to apply again this year after the very enjoyable holidays from which I have just returned. I see little chance, therefore, of bringing my bones to Hitcham this year and suggest that the fossils be sent to me.
+The requisite comparisons will be made before the 10 th October and you can have them when you visit London with the best account I can give of them. I have another motive– the hope of tempting you to visit our Museum & see its recent additions Mylodon & Dinornis. Will your engagements in London prevent your dining with me on Tuesday 10 th October? I hope not, and that you will be able to give that additional pleasure to
Yours very truly, |R.ich. d Owen
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+I embrace the opportunity w ch. Ld Palmerstons frank affords, of sending you a specimen of a new British plant– I am sorry the spec n. is so small but the person who gathered it sent me only poor specimens– A figure & description of its habitat will shortly appear in Curtis British Entomology which is a monthly publication illustrated with drawings of British plants– It comes from the rocks about the Great Ormes-head in Wales – & is indisputably wild & a native–
I also enclose a specimen or two of Chara gracilis which I see is one of your desiderata. I have just added it to our Cambridge flora– It was not in flower when I found it, but I shall visit the spot again soon & if I find more (& in blossom) will put by specimens for you–
+Believe me | very sincerely y r. | J. S. Henslow
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+Since last I saw you my whole time and thoughts here have been occupied in ne the preparations for the approaching struggle at the Geological Society –
I suppose you have had the Council Resolutions, which to my own amazement and that of everybody else were publicly read by Mr Murchison at the Society Meeting of Nov 2nd–
+I think the Document altogether is the most irregular and mysterious of its kind that I n ever heard said by so enlightened a body of Men as the Council of the Geological Society– What could induce them to put anything in about motives? It makes the necessity for the Special Meeting far greater than ever– I know not when it will take place but I suppose in five weeks from this time. The Council have no Candidate to put up against me, and if they succeed in throwing me out to gratify the interested resentment of Buckland and Owen, I am afraid there will be Split in the Society which will be attended with most unfortunate Results– I am right about the Norwich fossil jaws – They are ceroine and not Anoplotherian yet Owen has taken no notice in either the Athaneum or Gazette– Mr Woodward put the Question to him at the Geological the other night and he declined answering, but I find that he has written to correct his blunder in the Proceedings of the Brit. Association Report.
Believe me to be dear Sir | yours truly & sinc | Edw Charlesworth
+Two printed enclosures pasted inside letter:
+ 1stletter dated October 17, 1842: Submission to Secretary of Geological Society
2ndletter dated November 7 1842: General letter from Edward Charlesworth
85b A further loose enclosure, notice entitled “Just published, No 1 of the London Geological Journal etc…” dated October 10 th, 1846
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+I thank you for your very interesting notice of the opening of the barrow. When you have a little leisure I hope you will not forget the Archaeological Association, and permit us to have a paper read at Canterbury on the subject and a sketch exhibited. I am very anxious that we should do something there worthy of ourselves and our cause and therefore any brief papers you may be pleased to give would be esteemed by me as a personal favour. The leaden coffin as you surmise is rare and interesting. I discovered one last year in Goodman’s Fields, London, which was subsequently destroyed. The lid lapped over like yours and there was a beading [small sketch] at the bottom. One was found by my friend Mons r. De Gerville FSA. at Coutances or near. In it was a glass bottle and a coin of Postumius. [sketch of bottle].
I do not think anything exactly resembling the vault has been found in England. The arrangement of the tiles &c will be very useful when drawn. Have any of the tiles inscriptions? I found one the other day in London. BR.LON
+I have been to examine the Roman pottery at Dymchurch. They have found fragments of a hundred varieties or more. The discovery is useful in a topographical point of view as shewing, contrary I think to general theory, that in the time of the Romans, this part of Romney marsh was not covered by the sea. The immense quantity of fossils in the stones on the beach would make a visit pleasing to you, & I am sure the Rev M r Issacson would show you every attention, as he did to me.
On the summit of the high hill near Folkestone, I excavated part of an urn (with my knife!) The beautiful Roman Pharos h at Dover has recently been walled up so that the interior is now inaccessible. The old Duke is evidently in his dotage or he would not have ordered such an outrage upon good taste and decency. He must be taught better. How absurd it is that our monuments are in the custody of such persons!– Bred up to fight and kill (moral scavengers of society) what do they know or care about the arts and sciences that humanise & instruct?
Believe me, my dear Sir, | very respectfully yours, |C Roach Smith
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+(If upon Sallust’s principle of "“idem velle atque nolle" you will allow me to align so) I return you many thanks for your Letter and its enclosures
+Yours faithfully | L. Ebrington
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+An ingenious Gardener
Ever yours truly | John Phillips
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+I am much distressed about this affair of the Urns, finding that it is a cause of much annoyance to M r Strutt. I am not aware how far you would cede the right in matter to him, as lord of the soil where the treasure was trove. Or whether you regard his interest in the matter as inferior to that which you have yourself acquired by the labour and skill with which you elaborated the results of the discovery. I am vexed that you have brought me in as particeps, I well remember our conversation about the urns, and am quite sure that my own feeling would have been, if you considered yourself in any measure beholden to send your account to M r Smith, that I should owe you no grudge for doing so. We were not struggling for a question of old pots. At the same time knowing nothing of M r Strutts interest in the matter my expression amounted merely to that of my own personal feeling.
In the mean time the matter has I suppose gone too far for any withdrawal of the account – it seemed to me a case wherein Mr Strutts feelings might have but been considered by transferring the discovery to neutral ground, at Somerset House, so that the account and the representation of the objects discovered might appear in the Archaeologia. This course might I thought have been also most advisable in consistency with the neutral position which you yourself occupy, in the archaeological division. M r Strutt, doubtless wished that the discovery made on his property should be communicated to this society with which he is pleased to take part, and not to M r Smith. He is I imagine desirous that his name should not appear in an equivocal light, and this desire I am sure you will fully feel, whatever may become of the old crocks, should be respected. If no middle course more in agreement with his feelings can be adopted, you will I am sure use your influence to prevent such use of his name in the matter as would increase the evils which have too abundantly arisen from this unfortunate Dissention.
Like yourself I have joined the Cambridge Society, which I hope will strike root under the auspices of our friend Willis. Many thanks for your kind invitation – it would give me much pleasure to visit you and I hope that the opportunity may occur, as we shall very probably be in the Eastern Counties during this year. Your name remains on the list of corresponding Members of the Institute, and I hope you will not withhold that support from our endeavours & extend the taste for Archaeology.
+Believe me | yours truly | Albert Way
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+I write a very hurried note just to say, that my little vol. which has been so unreasonably long in the printers hand, will be ready, I expect, for publication within the end of this week, or some day during the next.– Do not buy a copy, as I will of course send you one, though it must wait for a conveyance, and may not get to you directly.
+My wife & myself are off for Gloucestershire next week where we remain a fortnight with her family, and then all go together to the I. of Wight, where I shall be at the time of the Southampton meeting, and can easily join it. Have you any idea of being present – I hope you have.–
+We are delighted to hear of Harriet’s safe journey to Brighton, and of her being so decidedly improved in health. I wish she may remain long enough there, to come back to Hitcham quite another person.– Will you give the few lines on the other side to Fanny.
+Yrs affly | L. Jenyns
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+I requested Calvert to send you the Torquay Directory, containing an account of the bones and flints found under the Stalagmite in Kent’s cavern. That the same bones, with the marks of teeth on them, have been found at Kirkdale and Banwell I am well aware, but the flints, with an edge and serrated, are I believe, new, and these found only at Haldon hill, distant seven miles, of this colour. I now possess one of these serrated knives, if I may so call them, and send you a correct drawing of it– another I have sent to my old friend Dr Kidd of Oxford– May I request you, after reading the Torquay report, to give me your opinion of it? – I saw a basket full of teeth and bones collected under some feet of stalagmite in a mass of mud, and one of the flints was nearly at the bottom of it. This stalagmite had throughout the same appearance excepting a slight stained streak on the top. On this last had formerly been found British implements. I believe all agree that lions, tigers, hyenas, elephants, elks, rhinoceros, have not lived here since the Deluge. Here we have the tools of men mixed with them (if you allow the flints to be such) who could not have been here till after the dispersion. I read Parkinson’s work may years ago, and have some recollection that he says the bones of antediluvians may be found, but it is not probable that we should meet with them, considering their numbers and the space to which they were confined. A wish has been expressed here to break up the whole floor of the cave and to draw off the water beyond the low narrow passage at the end, but the funds of the Museum will not allow it– a cave was discovered found near Brixham, on the other side of the Bay, by a clergyman. On the top he found Roman remains of bones of oxen; at a greater depth British & Druidical, with the bones of oxen, but of greater size, and far below these the same bones and teeth as in Kent’s cavern, but no flints. Charles, who is so much indebted to you, finds full employment here, and there are lectures weekly at the Museum– My other son has taken his degree & will soon come to us, but I am sorry to say that our residence at this beautiful place has done little for my wife. We rejoiced to hear of M. rs Henslow’s improvement, and, with our kind regards to all in your parsonage
I am, my dear Sir, | very truly yours, | Ch. Parker
+[appended: a newspaper cutting entitled “Report of the sub-committee appointed to superintend the excavations in Kent’s cavern”, and a watercolour sketch of a worked flint]
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+I must not begin without offering my condolence in respect of the severe blow loss you have recently sustained, and which I fear will be very much felt not by yourself only, but by all the other members of your family: I hope, however, you are partially recovered from the first shock, which must have been increased by the somewhat sudden manner in which your brother seems to have been taken off.–
With this I send you a copy of Van Voorst’s Naturalists Almanack, which I edited for this year at his request, and according to the plan he desired – in a great measure. But I am not sure that he will continue it, – still less that I shall continue to be its Editor if he do; as he gave me but £5 for my trouble in this instance, – and I found it much more trouble than I wish to undertake again for so small a sum.– Were you to engage in such a matter yourself, looking to the nature of the publication, which is indeed a trifling one, – would you feel scruple in asking for £10 as a remuneration? – I ask this merely in guidance to myself, if I take it in hand, – (as I think I should not do under that sum) – another year. –
+If I continue to do it, – I consider very probably the plan of it may be a little altered, – and the whole somewhat enlarged so as to contain more matter generally useful to Naturalists. – I should be glad, therefore, of any hints you can give for its improvement, – if you will make a note of what may happen to strike you when you look it over. – Mark down, especially, any heads of information which you think ought to find a permanent place, (altered only from year to year as circumstances may demand) in an Almanack for Naturalists. Mr Van Voorst’s idea is, & I think he is right there, that it need not contain all the usual matter given in Almanacks in general, – but should be, as it were, supplemental to the others, – & confined in a great measure to the immediate subject of Nat. Hist., – and N. Hist. meetings, Museums & Phenomena.–
+I shall I expect, be going to London early in February, when I shall confer with Mr V. Voorst, & come to some definite decision respecting it: – perhaps before then, you can, at your leisure moments, look over the Almanack in its present form, and give your opinion.–
+I hope Harriet is going on well, and all the sick ones, of which you seem to have had several in the house lately. – My love, with a happy new year, to them all.–
+And believe me, | yours affect ly, | L. Jenyns
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+I thought the inclosed lithograph of a Pebble in the possession of our Subcurator Mr Baines would interest you, as I know you have paid some attention to the curious phenomena connected with the concentric lines, which here display some very extraordinary faults – Can you not find time to draw up a notice of this specimen for my Geol. Journal? I will send the original for your examination – the lithograph is most elaborately and beautifully executed – If you can accede to my request on this matter please let me hear from you quickly as I have announced No 4 for Sept (the 1 st) & wish to include this with the other illustrations–
You will see that my list of Sub. s has a very respectable appearance but I want another 100 to pay expenses and this I hope to get by the end of the year. Trusting that yourself and family are well
Believe me dear Sir | very truly yours| Edw Charlesworth
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+I want you to set me right about some asserted marvel in vegetable physiology. A neighbour of mine tells me that he has made the experiment of sowing oats in the autumn and cutting them as they spring up twice or thrice, and that they have, by this process, such of the plants as survived become barley. I suppose you have heard of this experiment as it has been asserted in several popular books that barley or rye is the result of such an operation. My neighbour is now to repeat the trial this year, and also to sow the barley which he has thus got. Thus I should like to know whether you botanists have any faith in the change, and what precautions you would suggest to make the trial as clear as possible.
+The same gentleman has planted the corn of an ear of mummy wheat, and has obtained an extraordinarily large produce. Have you heard anything of the result of the like trials? I am told that the wheat is the same as the modern Egyptian Wheat . Is this so? The ear is very different from our wheat; – awned and shaped like a bunch of grapes.
+I had a kind note from Mrs Henslow the other day which I have not yet acknowledged. Is she returned to you from Brighton? I hope, whether, or not, that she is much improved in health. Pray give my kind regards to her– and also Mrs Whewell’s and to the girls. Is there any chance of seeing you in these parts.
+I am, my dear Henslow, | always sinly yours, | W Whewell
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+According to your wish I now have the pleasure of sending you roots of the scarlet Anthyllis vulneraria– they were gathered yesterday morning, & I hope to dispatch them this evening; so that I have little fear of their living; especially as I have sent whole sods– By way of ensuring your object, I have also gathered ripe seeds, which you shall receive in due time– The scarlet variety is pretty common along the S.W. coast of Anglesea, it is however most abundant in the place where I gathered the roots now sent (Llangwyfan, 2 miles from Aberffraw)– It is not invariably found separate from the yellow sort, of which I observed one or two roots, when cutting up the sods; which circumstance, & the consideration that the parcel would not be more expensive for being so large as it is, induced me to send you a more liberal supply than perhaps you may think necessary, or than I should otherwise have ventured upon– There is an intermediate cream coloured variety which is pretty common, but being rather late in the season this year, I did not see it– I have dried specimens at home, some of which I will send you on my return home, which will be now in two or three days, when I shall be anxious to receive your list of desiderata as soon as soon as may prove acceptable to you.
I enclose a specimen or two of Inula Crithmoides & Statice Reticulata, which were both growing at Llangwyfan close to the Anthyllis–
+My list of desiderata I have not yet completed & though am unable to send it now, as I could have wished– I however select a few of the plants from the Flora Cantabrigensis, any of which, I shall be glad to have, when you can conveniently send them– you need not fear being able to gratify me most amply in this way without having recourse to others of your botanical correspondents to assist you, tho’ indeed such an addition could not fail to enforce the obligation greatly, but as my greatest fear is that I shall not be able to supply you with novelties to the extent I hoped when I first wrote, I must for the present rest satisfied with the expectation of receiving only a few of your native varieties in exchange for mine, otherwise I shall be, I fear, more troublesome to you than serviceable– But let me, my dear Sir, beg you to understand that it is not by any means my wish to put you to the least inconvenience, in procuring me specimens – the number of your correspondents & the little leisure which you may perhaps have, will very likely prevent your attending to me, with convenience for some time to come, & in that case I shall be quite content to wait, or even to forego
I remain | Rev d Sir | Yours very truly | W Wilson
[Plant list—apparently from Flora Cantabrigensis; apparently marked by JSH?]
+ + +Second column
+ +(overleaf)
+Page One top right
+"The following of which Mr Roberts had specimens will also be very acceptable to me"
+List from Crocus to Bromus pinnatus indicated.
+ + + + + +Available under license only
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+M. r Kirby & Miss Rodwell & myself were very sorry that we could not have the pleasure of your company to dinner yesterday, & I am equally so that I am prevented accepting your kind invitation to spend a night with you, by being engaged, with my wife, to go to ?? to on a visit to my nephew the Rev. d J. Campbell Vicar of Eye, which can’t be put off as M rs Campbell expects very soon to be confined.
I regret the more not having the pleasure of seeing you while we are in Suffolk, as I wanted to ask you if the flight of the Bean Aphid, which seems to have been very general about a month ago in the South of & West of England, extended to your parish, & if so, whether it seemed a true infection from a distance like many of those of this tribe, or second, or simply on quitting the Beans to settle on other plants in the immediate neighbourhood; & in either case whether you conceive the object of the movement to have been mainly the search for fresh food, or the deposition of eggs by the winged females of the last generation. If this last were their great object, it would be highly desirable to ascertain where the eggs are placed, as they cannot be placed on the beans on which the larvae to be hatched from them next spring, are to feed. How much we have yet to learn as to this part of the economy of Aphids, seems proved by a fact (if correct) lately ascertained to me by Mr. Walker, who says he has ascertained that the eggs of the Hop Aphis are deposited on the Sloe, from which the first or second brood in Spring migrates to the Hop– “a good hop” as my venerable friend who has happily not lost his relish for a pun, observed when I told him of this. I was surprised to find on looking a little into this matter, previous to a discussion we had on it at the last meeting of the Entomological Society, how vague & imperfect our actions are of the habits & economy & indeed physiology of the Aphids. Even Prof. Owen hardly lays it down in his “Comparative Anatomy” that all the 8 or 9 generations of viviparous females in summer, are wingless, except the last, yet we all see winged females on the Rose from very early in Spring & I saw a lecture on the subject in the Phill Transs explicitly say that the 2d generation of the species he made his observations on, is winged. I wish M. r Jenyns, to whom pray present my best regards when you see him, would turn his attention to this obscure subject. Pray also tell him that in a beam of oak so pierced with insect holes that it has been necessary to remove it from the top of the vestry window in Barham Church, to which Sir W. Middleton drew my attention on Sunday after Service & of which I had a portion brought to W. Kirby’s for examination, I have found one entire, & 3 mutilated specimens of Anobium tessalatum – the same insect of which the larvae attacked the beams of the houses at Brussels I referred to at Oxford & which I have no doubt have been the cause of the mischief in this instance. A Visitor yesterday to whom I showed the honey-combed piece of beam & the insects, said they were trying to pull down M. r Kirby’s church to revenge on him in this way, all the destruction he has caused to their home. With M. r Kirby’s best regards
I am my dear Sir | yours very truly |W. Spence
+[P.S.] The Rev. d W. Meadows with whom we dined to-day, took us to a farmer’s near him at Witnesham who completely preserved his Turnips from the Flea by sowing a little before thin strips of mustard which they attack in preference to the Turnips. He has tried the plan several years & says it never fails.
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+I thank you for the liberal supply of stamps which are more than were due. You must not pay for the next N. o which I am at work upon. When you are quite at yo leisure I should like to assist to do something to record the Felixstowe discoveries. Either that place or S. t Peters-on-the-wall (close to Bradwell-juxta-mare,) must have been the Othona of the Notitia, I think the former, tho’ Bede speaks of Ythancester (sounding vastly like Othonacester) in the river Pant.
I ordered a Morning Herald to be sent you last week to give you another instance of the destruction of Roman tessellated pavements &c by the ‘city authorities’, & the curious evidence adduced by M. r Price. I hope you received the paper & read the report.
I remain, my dear Sir, | yours respectfully, | C Roach Smith
+[P.S.] We have just published some of M. r Neville’s discoveries in our Journal.
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+I am painfully sensible of some of the defects of the present Cambridge system, of which I see no chance of a remedy as long as D. r Whewell, and D. r Hymers can impose their own books however carelessly or however unintelligibly written on the students of their respective great Colleges, and by consequence on those of all the minor ones colleges of the University.
I have no right however to presume that the Queens commissioners would see matters in the same light that I do; – on the contrary I think it very probable that by extending the subjects further in they would be disposed to extend the subjects of University examination, whereas I think a reference to Deighton’s alarming list of publications for the use of Students in the University should rather suggest the propriety of a limitation – in order to a more logical and consistent course of study [underlined by JSH]
Should the Queen’s commissioners only break the egg instead of hatching a new chicken then
+not all the Queen’s Horses nor all the Queen’s [Men]
+could set Humpty Dumpty on the wall again
+and as this might happen, if some of the names which I see on your list made themselves busy with the egg, I dare not venture to sign the Petition. Our best regards to all yours
+Yrs very sincerely| Fred Calvert
+[In JSH’s handwriting: 2 nd Wrangler & Rector of Whatfield]
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+I am so thoroughly convinced that nothing but a timely reform in the present system of our two great English Universities can save their character in all matters connected with science that I gladly send you an authority to affix my name to the Memorial w. h you transmitted to me.
I hope that the present move within our University itself may not be altogether fruitless, & I certainly think that if a good reform could be carried out without Government interference it would be far the safest. But it appears to be the opinion of those who have the best opportunity of judging that the Universities themselves have not the power, even if they had the will, to make the requisite Changes.
+I have directed Van Voorst to transmit as early as he can the Copies of my little work on this island (w. h have been subscribed for in Cambridge) to the care of my Uncle who has kindly undertaken to deliver them to their respective owners.
The subscription can be either sent to me by post-office order or can be paid to Professor Cumming for me.
+Believe me, Dear Sir,| Very faithfully yours | J G Cumming
+[Enclosure: Notice entitled “Just Published, The Isle of Man; its History, Physical, Ecclesiastical, Civil and Legendary by the Rev. Joseph George Cumming.” d. 1868
+Cambridge University Library, MSS Add. 8177: 103b]
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+I really am very much obliged to you – in the first place, for your kindness in offering to receive me in your house; and secondly for reminding me of the re-opening of M r Bacon’s Church – which amidst the distractions of business, I fear I should have forgotten.
I now find that official engagements will unavoidably prevent my attendance on that occasion; and tomorrow I shall write to M r Bacon to express my regret that so it must be.
With many thanks for your attention, I remain
+Dear Sir,| yours very faithfully | J. Ely
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+I am very much out of spirits in consequence of a broken shin which deprives me of carriage so necessary to my health – I had a fall last Monday, & inflicted several furrows on my face that made it anything but beautiful. It is now however in all its pristine beauty; but my leg bothers me, & will not get well, & I am not permitted across my house. Had M. rs Henslow been able to come she would have made me well in a moment. I do not think your section right. There is no fault like you have drawn to the south of the chalk ridge in the I. of Wight– none, at least, that I could ever discover– your section at any rate is quite wrong – for the upper greensand is packed regularly under the highly inclined chalk – then comes the gault – & then the Shanklin series underlaid by the Weald clay without any fault. These become gradually horizontal in the ridge of S t Catherine on the south coast. What an active fellow Sidney is – and without being profound he is a good bellows blower & keeps the ball going- What an incredible service Brown w d have done, if to his gigantic knowledge he had added Sidney’s physical energy & love of public display. My love to all your womankind
Ever yours | A Sedgwick
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+I send you the result of our last Professors’ meeting. It is still for consideration, and I shall be glad of your suggestions.
+I believe the V.C. intends to bring in again the grace for revising the statutes; but the chance of anything being done is almost annihilated by the opposition which has already taken place. Once that the war-cry is raised, there is small prospect of the calmness and harmony without which such a work cannot succeed. And the prospect is all the worse in consequence of the opposition being a junction of the two parties - mon[illeg] men, like your friend Babington, and high churchmen. I suppose these latter think that the V.C.’s design looks too much like putting new wine into old bottles, namely the old statutes, and in truth this application of the image seems to me more apt than some. The opposition was quite uncalled for; as the syndicate was conferred with studious pairings: – old and young, heads and others, and a representative from every college: but perhaps it could have been well if the V.C. could have explained beforehand the nature of the revision intended. That however it was not easy for the V.C. to do, as he never speaks except officially. I suppose he expected to be able to explain his views and intentions in the Syndicate, and in the Report of the Syndicate so far as they were adopted. As you may have seen, it is now declared that the majority of the objections are against a revision altogether; so, as I have said, I much doubt whether anything can be done.
+I hope Mrs Henslow is well. Give our kind remembrances to her.
+Yours very truly | W. Whewell
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+I send you our Regulations in their improved form. The changes meet some of your objections. If you look at the graces about the new scheme you will see that those who hate. Law degrees do not escape as you supposed
+I think you will have to make some final effort about the Botanical Garden. At present it presses very heavily on the University. We are so poor there we cannot afford to make the grand walks, and we can turn the old garden to no account til the hothouses are removed. I see no way but a subscription. The other ways have been tried and have failed. But a subscription, if taken up must be vigorously pursued. The V.C. is not averse to such a course. Perhaps you can with your friends decide by next term what is best to do.
+Always truly yours | W. Whewell
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+I had some hope of meeting you here & benefiting by your local knowledge & good advice re B. Assoc. Meeting in 1850 but Mr G. Ransome is gone to Rotterdam (his brother Henry dead) & no tidings of you. If this reaches in time, pray oblige if you can, Col Sabine & your friend the writer, by coming up to attend the Council of the Association 2 Dicks St Adelphi at 1pm on Friday next the 20 th. We shall certainly want advice in this crisis.
Ever yours truly | John Phillips
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+It was unlucky and ill-advised of me not to tell you of my sudden departure from Ipswich, but as I hoped to meet you on the 19 th in London & my letter was on the 17 th, I did not imagine you would write to Ipswich. I ought to have imagined. We decided at the Council exactly nothing. So strong a feeling however prevailed for going to Ipswich in 1850, that I felt it right to say to my Ipswich friends, they ought to persevere in this request for that year. What will come of it is to be seen. The invitations from Edinburgh were more serious than we thought, but is very doubtful if they will be prosecuted. In this case Ipswich wins for 1850, but not for 1851. Then Belfast & Edinb. must divide the votes. Some other arrangement may indeed be proposed but I think my Ipswich friends will have the best chance by now of urging for 1850.
We shall ask you to be Pres. of II at Birmingham. You may do good by an Introductory address to your Section.
+Ever yours truly | J. Phillips
+P.S. St Mary’s Lodge York is my constant address; but letters will follow my wanderings from Nottingham P.O. (York best address.)
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+As I think it more than probable that Professor Sedgwick is at this time from Cambridge I take the liberty of making the enquiries of you that I had intended to have addressed to the Professor.
+Walpole St And w’s where I am now residing, is to the west of Lynn near Long Sutton Wash. Situated in a large tract of flat land, called Marshland, which has been at different times embanked from the sea, which formerly overflowed it: Amongst the disadvantages that are attached to this country the greatest is the want of water: all the springs, which are found between 15 and 30 ft below the surface are salt water and these are in the alluvial deposit – our dependence therefore for water is upon the clouds: and in a season like the present you may suppose that our inconvenience is very great: perhaps you will have the kindness to inform me whether you think that there is any prospect of our obtaining water by shutting out these salt water land springs and by boring below them: if there be any fair probability of access it will be worth making the experiment: I have always been discouraged by the great extent of flat country that surrounds us on all sides: and by the circumstance that a gentleman of Lynn, which is 10 miles to our East: made a well upwards of 500 ft and obtained no water: But on looking at Conybeare & Philip’s Geology of Eng & W. a few days since I find that in page 57 he mentions that the experiment of boring had been successful in the Marshes about the Humber: which appears to be very similar to our Marshes here: this gives me a first gleam of hope: and I shall esteem it a great favor if you will give me your views of the case. Likewise if you can give me Professor Sedgwick and Mr Conybeare’s address–
Apologising for the liberty I have taken
+I remain | Dear Sir | Yours faithfully | R.E. Hawkinson
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+You have met my wishes exactly by your decision in regard to the “British Fossil Reptiles”, and if it will not inconvenience you to bring the “Number” when you next come to London, that will do. I am enjoying the sea-air here very much, and find many interesting subjects for the microscope.
+Believe me| ever yours sincerely |Richard Owen
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+I send you a Conferva from the Mermaid Pits, which as I believe you know, is one of the clearest springs possible, as far at least as the eye is concerned. You will find the Deposit to be calcareous & so plentiful as to allow of its being collected bodily, as you will perceive. I send also some Philosena truncata? which I believe causes a deposit of some other quality. Its siliceous coating or case is remarkable & not touched by an ordinary acid. I send at the same time a specimen of But. atrum which I find here just now in great perfection. I believe there are several species: what could have induced Sir W. Hooker to treat it as a Var. of moniliforme I am at a loss to conjecture. I do not even believe that they belong to the same Genus. I enclose John Lindley Atriplex from the sea shore at Cove Hithe. If you would take the trouble of sowing them & see what they will produce, I shall feel obliged, as I think the genus is not well understood.
+Yours very truly |Fra. K Eagle
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+The Mermaid Pits are in Bury & are in reality the source of the river Lark, the Water rising most copiously from the Chalk not far above the Coal yards. I am aware that they hold much Carbonate of Iron in Solution, as I have ascertained by boiling them with nitrate of Silver. The plant is sordida of E.Bot, a name which it scarcely deserves considering that its property is that of crystallization. It is also fugacissima of Dillwyn. I think you will find that its case is siliceous & not acted upon by a common acid, like the Carbonate of lime.
I send Bat. moniliforme let there may be no mistake between us it revives in Water which atum does not, & adheres so closely to paper as almost to identify itself with it, while atum ( at least in an advanced state) scarcely adheres at all. It has very important marks of distinction I find in the Algae. As to its being a swarm plant it possesses cilia so very fine & delicate but though visible, their structure is not to be discovered by the highest power of my Microscope. These cilia are not represented either by Dillwyn or E. Bot, though the magnified figures are in this respect very good
+Yours truly |Fra K Eagle
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+Thanks for your note. Your Servant drove me admirably; so I did very well, tho’ we had not so much talk as you & I might perhaps have kept up. Next day I called on the Marchesa who will I think come sometime with Maggie to see you; & the next
+ rs Henslow should not butter me for it I will butter myself – I have written to D r Clarke to tell him I will take two copies of John M [illeg]’s book – The cost will be 10/0.– Pray lay the sum down for me – No! That is not worth while perhaps; for I may send a P.O. order. What nearly ready for the Press may mean I hardly know – I have a book in the Press & it has been advertised as nearly ready for about three years. It ought to be a full grown chicken after such an incubation. I was yesterday at a dinner in honor of Cuvier. It rose out of out of a bet, & was given by D. r Fisher – I left them at half past eleven making speeches. I suspect they are still speaking; for I have seen none of them today. M .rs Henslow is I trust gradually recovering from the effects of my Sermon Give my love to her, a kiss from me to my Goddaughter – & a merry Xmas to the lads
Your affectionate friend |A Sedgwick
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+Thank God I am gradually recovering. My fall was very severe; & my bruises, at first, far more alarming than my broken humerus But I have recovered rapidly from my bruises & notwithstanding the wonderful prismatic colours on my body it is I trust doing well. The restoration of the right humerus to its office & the use of my right hand I can only look for after several more weeks. My nights are indeed long & dismal; for I sleep very little & such a weariness comes over my joints & limbs that I am sometimes am out of my senses & I cannot shift my position to relieve these horrible sensations; for the fracture is close to the top of this humerus & they had no room for splints; the surgeon therefore put a soft pad under my arm and then fixed it firmly to my body by a rolling bandage so I look like a mummy with one arm out. This is a sorry beginning of the New Year. Oh! that [I] could say, as my Saviour said & with the same submission; not my will but thine be done! But I fear I have too often been a wicked murmurer. God send you all a happy new year! And when you say yours prayers ask God to sanctify my illness & to make me patient
Very affectionately yours |A Sedgwick
+P.S. It was a simple fracture
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+[In JSH’s handwriting: ‘Sedgwick with left hand!’]
+Romilly wrote a letter for me yesterday addressed to M. rs Henslow: but I cannot be content without telling you that I did not misinterpret your former letters. I thought them most kind & good & was truly thankful for them. But I did not write again because I have literally been pulled down to the earth by my correspondents, & have had no time for writing to you as I would have wished. Several times I have been thrown back, & put into a [a] state of fever & I deprived of an entire night’s rest by fatiguing myself with writing; & over & over again my Surgeon has ordered me not to write on any account whatsoever. About the end of the last week I almost recovered my power of sleeping; & I felt quite joyous & happy. On Monday I over-exerted myself and wrote more than I ought to have done. On Monday night I was in perfect wretchedness from irritation & felt as if someone was playing St Vitus’ jig all night behind my pillow. I never closed my eyes in slumber. Saturday night I was not much better for I only slept thro’ powerful opiates & had a succession of disgusting & frightful dreams. On Wednesday I came round again & thank God I am now very well again. This will explain why I have not written to you. I am still involved in complicated bandages which cannot be removed for ten days or a fortnight more But my fractured arm & bruises are going on very well. I wish with all my heart I could come to you but it is quite impossible My left arm does good service but in dressing & undressing I am as helpless as an infant. I was truly sorry to hear the Julian news: but I trust all will end well & that Hooker has long since had his liberty & is now remembering his confinement as an agreeable episode in his Oriental history. I must not write anymore. My best love to all your family party
Ever affectionately yours |A Sedgwick
+P.S. I will direct this to M. rs Henslow as you may be away –
Available under license only
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+By direction of Captain Alexander I have forwarded samples of the different products manufactured from the Schist or Shale, together with a piece of the raw material from which the products are obtained.
+I enclose herewith a prospectus of the Company and also a Circular, with sundry bona fide Testimonials, of the Manure.
+The Bituminous Schist or Shale is found on the Coast of Dorsetshire at Kimmeridge, the whole face of the Cliff is intersected with veins? [underlining and question mark: JSH] being composed of this substance – It is very easily dug up, and the supply is inexhaustible. It is a combination of animal and vegetable remains, intimately united by a Cement, having for its base Silicate of Alumina. The Shale is conveyed to the Company’s Works at Wareham, where it undergoes destructive distillation, which produces a thick black substance (liquid). The Asphalt (at least a greater part) is then precipitated by the aid of chemicals – and undergoes a process of washing of steam – The oil is then placed in a still and is rectified, and allowed to run over till the oil or spirit is not above a certain specific gravity – What remains is then placed in a Jar Still, and by being subjected to a greater heat than in the process of rectification a thick liquid grease is obtained; the remnant being allowed to run out at the bottom of the still in the shape of Asphalt.
The residuum remaining in the retorts is taken out immediately the Shale is carbonized and is placed into closed boxes to cool, so as not to allow the carbon to escape; and when cool, is mixed up with other compounds, & makes the Manure.
+The Company have been proceeding for some time past on a very small scale, but now having proved the marketability of their products, they have been lately making very extensive additions to their Works, which are in a forward state of completion – the number of retorts erecting are 120 which, it is expected, will carbonize 150 Tons of Shale per week: which will allow of their sending about 1000 gallons of oil or spirit, 4 Tons of Asphalt, a considerable quantity of Grease, and upwards of 100 Tons of Manure into the market per week.
+The Manure has been tried by various parties with most beneficial results – and is recommended for all root crops – and for corn– One gentleman who tried some informed us that it quite destroyed the wire worm.
+The Grease sent you will find has a most offensive smell but we expect that this will be nearly if not quite removed when we begin to manufacture on a large scale
+The Jet Varnish Paint is made from the Asphaltum– it has been tested by the Ordnance at Woolwich and has been approved also by the Eastern Counties R y C o who also speak highly of it– Its properties are drying very quickly– requiring no priming; and going much further than Paint – when dry it leaves a beautiful polish on the article painted.
The Volatile Oil or spirit is a white clear liquid; is a solvent of India rubber & Gutta Percha – and is adapted for many purposes in the Arts & Manufactures to which Naptha & Camphire are applicable–
+The samples I have forwarded are
+1 st The raw Shale
2 nd The Asphaltum
3 rd The Grease
4 th The Manure
5 th Jet Varnish Paint
6 th The Oil
Any further information I shall be happy to afford on hearing from you. You will find the properties of the different products set forth in the Prospectus & Circular enclosed.
+I am, Sir, | your very obed. servt | Algernon Pollock | Sec y
+
Available under license only
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+We are trying to remove the deep disgrace to the British Fauna of having no descriptions of our 3 to 4000 Species of Diptera & Hemiptera as you will see by the enclosed pamphlets which I take the liberty of sending & of expressing my ernest hope that you will aid us in this good Work.
+We have no Entomologists at once able & willing to undertake the task bar Mr. Walker & Mr Dallas, & as they cannot afford to give their time gratis, it will take £200 to pay their very moderate demand of £50 per volume to be completed in 4 years. Now Rowe & Co will advance this & pay all expenses of paper for writing &c, if we can generate them 170 Subscribers, but without this certainty they will not undertake it, nor will Van Voorst or any other publisher. You perceive therefore that it is now or never with us. If we can by hook or by crook get the 170 names required, the thing will be done. If not, we must still be content with the deep mortification of seeing even Sweden with her Diptera described by Zetterstedt in 7 8vo volumes while we with our 2 to 300 [illeg] of general increase cannot achieve the description of ours.
+We have so few Entomologists that we cannot calculate on more than 80 to 100 subscriptions from them, but I shall use every effort to get Naturalists generally to assist us in completing the British Fauna, which now wants little more than we are proposing to accomplish. Prince Albert has very kindly responded to my appeal & I hope his name will secure others of our upper classes. I should add that the Ray Socy cannot undertake our task because they never pay money to authors.
+Pray have the goodness to send this section of the manuscript upto Mr Jenyns who will kindly excuse my writing separately to him, as I have so much to do in this way
+I am
+My dear Sir
+Yours very truly
+W. Spence.
+I am, my dear Sir | yours very truly | W. Spence
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+I am very much obliged to you for your address to your Parishioners.– I have read it loud to my sister & we both found it most interesting. It is clear that you can conscientiously teach your flock the Church Catechism & require them to repeat the Apostle’s Creed. But is very difficult to comprehend how the deniers of Baptismal Regeneration can do so.– The great division in the Church at this moment upon this matter is a very great lamentable evil.–
I am highly pleased at the boldness with which you set before your parishioners their shortcomings. I hope that they will take your remonstrance in the right spirit & give you an opportunity next year to report more favourably of their attendance at the Lords Supper & of their charitable contributions.
+Pray remember me kindly to M rs Henslow & all your family.
Very truly yours | Joseph Romilly
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+I may almost say that I spent a day with you at George Ransome’s last year; perhaps this may amount to a sufficient degree of acquaintanceship to enable me to present you with the accompanying Pamphlet without appearing to be taking a liberty. I do not for a moment suppose that you will agree with much of what I say, as however you have done so much for the Ipswich Museum theyre may be some ideas in it of which you may approve. On page 5 I have made free with your name. The Pamphlet has been received very favourably in the Westminster & Foreign Quarterly, & forms part of the heading of the Educational article in the new Edinburgh. I am not altogether pleased with it myself but such as it is I send without any further comment or qualifications. It is a large & many sided question.
I have two Americans coming to stay with me next week from Tuesday till Friday. Bancroft Davis, the secretary of the American Legation, & nephew of Bancroft the best historian of the United States, & Stevens who is employed by the Smithsonian Institution in forming their library– I heard a few days ago that he has sent them out £8,000(?) (sic) worth of books. I intend to show them the country hereabouts – Woolverstone Park – Holbrook Gardens which are the grounds of Sir Charles Kemps old house now pulled down – & M r Mills’s grounds at Stutton – Another day I shall take them over to Ufford to see my friend Capt n. Brookes library, wh.is well worth seeing – now if I had a proper room to offer you & a better bed than such an one as this iron Duke sleeps on, having only a small bed in a small room to offer spare, & if besides I was able to entertain you as you ought to be entertained, I s. d venture to take the liberty of asking you meet these two Yankees. I put in in this manner in order to save you the trouble of answering this. I s. d also have added amongst the drawbacks that having an invalid Lady living with me– I do not see large dinner parties, & also that one of the three days I shall be obliged to take these “distinguished foreigners” to see Ipswich. But this I shall knock off on Tuesday if they come by an early train.
I gave the Museum & George Ransome a pat on the back in an article I wrote for the May number of Fraser’s Magazine on the United States of America.
+Will you believe me | yours very truly | Barham Zinoke
+P.S. The M.E. on the title-page of my Pamphlet are the final letters of my names: it was written last year.
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+In a dissertation on the present state of Natural History in this country I am now preparing for publication, I wish to procure any scientific information respecting all local institutions or collections connected with the science.
+I have heard that a society has been formed at Cambridge, for the advancement of Zoology, and that a museum has been commenced but my information is so vague, that I have thought it advisable to know a little more before I wrote anything upon the subject. I recalled the zeal with which you once, in company with our poor friend Leach, spoke upon the subject, and I trust your good nature will excuse the trouble I now solicit from you to set me right. I shall be most happy to show you my library and collections should you visit this part of the country and remain
+Dear Sir |Your faithful Ob. Ser. | William Swainson
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+I have read Mr Zinoke’s pamphlet with very great pleasure, & have written to him to tell him so & to thank him for sending it to me. Pray join your entreaties to mine that he may give it as wide a circulation as possible, adding his name to it. I hope Lord Idon will give you or him the next Deanery that is vacant. How I wish you and he were upon the University Commission!– Pray tell me something about him. His name sounds German or Polish– Is he young– Cambridge or Oxford– Has he written any thing else? His opinions & feelings are all of the best sort.
+I have got your & Darwin’s portraits with a very kind note from M r George Ransome. We have you now before us in our Drawing room, just above where you were when you gave little Coco a ride on the two horses– Remember me to all your family, & to M rs Henslow when you have an opportunity
& believe me | faithfully yours | Leonard Horner
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+I would have replied to your letter of the 19 th sooner, had I not been waiting from day to day to send you a proof of the Notice we have prepared, to announce to the good people of Mildenhall the opening of the new school. I now inclose one, & Bunbury & my daughter will be thankful for any suggestions of its improvement that may occur to you. You will see that we have introduced a sentence to make your approbation & that of the dean of Hereford generally known. After full consideration, we thought it advisable not to state at greater length the favourable testimonies we received from yourself and M r Dawes. If you have any objection to your name being mentioned in the way you find it, pray say so at once & it will be withdrawn.
We have thought it advisable to give a half day for the special religious instruction, on any day of the week, instead of fixing on Saturday, for these reasons: those disposed to make objections might with some justice say – “You make no concession, for Saturday is a holiday at most schools; besides, the children would be more unwilling to come on that day, because it is usually a holiday, and it is of all days in the week the most inconvenient to a Clergyman, who has his Sunday duties to prepare”-
+I thank you for your information about Mr Zinoke – I hope to have an opportunity of becoming personally acquainted with him.
+I never heard you, My Dear Sir, utter a single word on religious subjects that was in the most remote degree inconsistent with the most perfect toleration. I heard with respect your expression of confidence in the opinions you have formed, altho’ I have been led to different conclusions on some points. Would to God that all the clergy in your Church were like you! It would tend greatly to the peace of our country & to the diffusion of religious feelings.
+I have not heard of Sir. W. Hooker for several days, and am thinking of calling there today-
+I have had a letter from Lady Lyell this morning from Cassel. They have been making a most interesting tour by Cologne, Minden, Hanover, the Hartz, Berlin, Leipzig, Weimar & Gotha- Lyell has met with a great many capital geologists, & has done some satisfactory work. They expect to be at home on Saturday.
+With our united kind regards to Mrs Henslow & your daughters I am
+Most truly yours
+Leonard Horner
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+Your letter has just come to hand. I need hardly say that I most thoroughly approve of your exertions on behalf of poor M rs Murray. I shall be very glad if you are able to raise some respectable sum & shall be most happy in contributing my mite in the shape of a sovereign. Pray tell me whether you have opened a Subscription List at the usual place, Mortlocks bank? The moment I am apprised I will produce my contribution.– You will have to take upon yourself all the trouble of asking subscriptions for neither Babington nor Paget is in Cambridge.– Sedgwick is just arrived & I have no doubt that with his accustomed generosity he will open his pursestrings for you.– I am very sorry to tell you that poor Lodge is dead! He died on Tuesday. Remember me kindly to all at home. I need not suggest to you applying to M rs Hayles, D r Bond & D r Haviland & D r Clark to contribute to your Murray fund.
Very truly yours | Joseph Romilly
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+By an advertisement in the Times I learn that the Council of the Royal Agricultural Society Cirencester intend after Xmas to establish a School for Boys under 17 as in-students of the College. A Clergyman is wanted as Principal. I am very anxious to be in a drier climate than this, a more scientific neighbourhood, & within reasonable distance of London & the Universities & this appointment would suit me in every way. At the same time an Experience of upwards of 15 years in Tuition & the management of Boys assures me that I could undertake it in the confident anticipation of success & the approval of the Council.
+I do not yet know who forms the Council, but I take the liberty of writing this early to yourself to solicit your kind interference in my behalf should you know who the members of it are & if you are personally acquainted with any of them.
+I received last week a letter from my uncle Professor Cumming & was very glad to learn that at his age he is so strong & well & able for his duties. I had a good report also of M. rs Cumming & the young ladies.
Believe me, Dear Sir | Very faithfully yrs | J G Cumming
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+I hoped before this time to have received from you the draft of a letter to the Professors which I gave you, and the information whether the 27 th of this month would suit you for holding another meeting, as that draft proposed. I should be obliged if you will send me the draft and the information as soon as you can.
I find that you have sent to the ex V.C. your report on the result of the examination of the three best Candidates for the Curatorship of the Botanical Garden. The present V.C. will bring on the election as soon as he can. I presume the new Provost of King’s, not having attended to the previous stages, will not take part in it.
+Pray give my kind remembrances to Mrs Henslow and your girls and believe me
+Yours very truly | W Whewell
+Available under license only
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+I have two letters to thank you for, the last received yesterday– I am obliged by your not forgetting to let me have a copy of all your printed communications to your parishioners, for I may learn something applicable elsewhere– It is very annoying to be disturbed by such miserable jealousies, to which I fancy Schoolmistresses are more exposed than would be. I wish you had funds at your disposal to establish a thoroughly good school under a Master who would command respect, such as should be as much a necessary part of every system of parochial training as the Church, & as securely maintained.
+I have now had the pleasure of becoming personally acquainted with M r Zinoke, who passed a day here yesterday. I like him much; all his views on the subject of education appear to me to be liberal, enlightened, sound & practical, & his frank & cheerful manner & general intelligence are very attractive. I have just read his second pamphlet & like it much. I hope it will get into extensive circulation, & that he himself will attract the notice of those in power, that he may be brought into a wider sphere of usefulness. I had Tufnell & the Lyells to meet him.
Pray thank Mr G. Ransome for his kind invitation to me. I should enjoy exceedingly to be able to accept it, & if it had been for a somewhat later day should have been able to look forward with some certainty to the pleasure. But I am under an engagement to pay a visit about that issue to an old friend in Surrey & hardly expect to be free. I regret the more that the anniversary of your Ipswich Museum is not some days later, for we have a project of a family invasion en masse of Mildenhall at Christmas, from the old Padre down to the post pliocene formation that has just been discovered by the appearance of my first Grandchild a Month ago. But if I can possibly contrive to go I will do so, & should be most glad to witness your inauguration.
+I rejoice to hear of your success at Sudbury– such an event as you describe should be noticed in the London Newspapers, as a sign of the times, and as an example of what clergymen may effect, if they were educated as M r Zinoke would have them– If I go to Ipswich, M r Z. has asked me to take a bed at his house. I should be glad to renew my acquaintanceship with these kind hearted Quakers: I shall not soon forget the scene in M r Ransome’s Garden – nor indeed any part of that great day.
Give my kind regards to Mrs Henslow & all around your table & believe me to be
+faithfully yours | Leonard Horner
+Available under license only
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+I beg to acknowledge your letter of the 15 th of Feby, which I shall proceed to answer as fully and as well as I am able.
We have not any of the refuse in London just now, but I will see about having a small quantity up from our Works, and will forward some to you.
+The most part of the Cliff is composed of Shale, but there are layers of a strong substance intersected with it – the best of the Kimmeridge coal is a black substance, and yields in some instances as much as 25p cent of Rough Oil: while the inferior class of Shale yields only 6 p cent. There is no doubt however that there is enough to last this company 150 years – though they might work 500 Tons per week.
+There are some parts which do look like Jet, and which can be turned in a lathe – We have a specimen or two of the Kimmeridge money, but no such thing as an armlet, although such may exist.
+The Shale is composed of animal and vegetable matter, but I am afraid I am incompetent to explain more fully its nature &c. The following is an Analysis of the burnt Shale, made by Mr J. J. Cooper, but we do not place much faith upon it as it was obtained from an inferior quality of Shale.
+Analysis–
+Lime – 2.93 out of 100 parts
+Carbon – 20.
+Imbibed water – 1.30
+Phosphate of Lime – 5.21
+Peroxide of Iron – 6.84
+Silica – 46.07
+Trace of Sulphate of Lime & Loss – .66
+Alumina – 15.08
+Perphosphate – 1.91
+100 0
+I fancy in the above there is a much larger amount of Silica than in what we shall henceforth operate upon – because we now pick our Shale.
+The following is a copy of a letter received lately from Mr Cuthill, an eminent florist of Camberwell.
+“Sir. Yes, it is good for all these things you have mentioned, everything which I tried throve amazingly I hesitate not to say that it is a first rate Manure I am Sir &c J Cuthill.”
+The residuum after being burnt is placed in cooling boxes while almost in a red hot state. I have no doubt a great deal of Carbon escapes in combustion, at least some does so – which is proved by this namely, an experiment was tried by subjecting the Shale to a low heat in a kind of closed oven, which of course did not produce any rough oil, or any of the products excepting the residuum, and this upon analysis was found to be composed of the following – viz:
+Organic matter consisting of Hydrocarbons &c – 54.24
+Soluble in water consisting of Sulphate of Lime with traces of soluble Chlorides & Phosphates – 12.36
+Soluble in aqua regia only – 20.96 45,76
+Insoluble in water & aqua regia – 12.44
+100.00
+& the ash which remained after burning off the Volatile organic matter amounted to 45.76 per cent & contained
+Sulphuric acid – 9.81
+Phosphoric acid (with phosphates of iron & alumina) – 7.34
+Carbonic Acid – 0.88
+Lime – 12.66
+Silica Alumina & Loss – 15.07
+45.76
+We consider the Residuum by itself to form a very good manure, and the materials we add are the ammoniacal water coming from the distillation, and the certain wastes of the factory. Our Jet Varnish Paint we ask 7/.s a gallon for wholesale price – The Government at Woolwich use it for the Ordnance Department & the Eastern Counties Rail y are going to send us an order. They find it stands heat so well. It should be laid on with a soft brush. The brush when hard should be softened in Naptha, & well dried before using again. I do not know the analysis of our Volatile Oil.
I have looked over your list & will try as far as I am able and to forward what you wish.
The Shale prepared for putting into the Retorts is merely broken into small pieces to allow of its grilling more easily & regularly.
+
+ In conclusion If there should be any specimens of Shale dug up which have impressions of plants or fish upon them I will have the same preserved for you – I have seen these on French specimens from Autun – We have also some Shale which is full of shells and if you would like a piece of this as well it shall be sent.
The asphalt is collected at the two different stages of the process – namely the rough oil is heated with sulphuric acid which precipitates a large quantity of the Material – and it also remains in certain quantities in the Tar Still at the conclusion of the distillation, viz after the liquid grease has been run over.
+I hope this will afford you all the information you may require
+I remain, Sir, | your’s faithfully| Algernon Pollock |Secretary
+[2 Enclosures, notices entitled “Bituminous Shale Company, for the production of Mineral Oil & Spirit, Asphaltum, Grease, & Manure”;
+Cambridge University Library, MSS Add. 8177: 272b
+“To Agriculturalists.
+Bituminous Shale Company for the production of Mineral Spirit, Asphaltum, and manure.”
+Cambridge University Library, MSS Add. 8177: 272c]
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I am not aware how you can obtain copies of Dore’s maps uncoloured – unless you write to Germany for them & even then I should doubt the obtaining of them. I sent your note to Sabine, to find if he can help you
+I do not see any objection to taking the Register of black & blue eyes &c from a Club if that should be convenient. The subject appears to me highly deserving of attention. A friend is engaged in taking my Census
+ at near Bristol, & I hope to get a return from North Wales.
Ever yours truly | John Phillips
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I met M r Bentham at the Athenaeum yesterday, and was glad to hear from him the favourable result of the interview Sir W m & Dr H. had with M r Phillips on Wednesday, a further account I got from D r H himself who dined with us yesterday. So far everything is encouraging. M r Phillips said that the memorial proposed would be very useful & the sooner it is sent the better.
At my request, M r Bentham undertook to make a draft of such an one as he thought would do, & he sent it to me last night. I think it is very good. We are to meet on Monday at the Athenaeum to confer further on the subject, and I have asked Lyell to join us & am going to ask Forbes – Lyell thinks that besides the Botanists, there should be the testimony of others to the services J. Hooker has rendered to Natural History, Palaeontology & Physical Geography, & we put down about 20 names in all, which, considering their rank in science, or at least as regards the large majority of them, would do.- What do you say as to your signature being attached? To set against the great botanical weight, there is the relationship.
Lindley I have seen & he will join cordially – Brown I have spoken to, indirectly, & found him most kindly disposed to J. Hooker.
+Many thanks for the copy of the sketch of your Typical Series – What you have already sketched is excellent but it is no inconsiderable an undertaking. I will do what I can to supply specimens.
+I think J. H. has been far from being well used by De La Beche- Had I known what H. told me yesterday evening, I would not have done De La B. the honour to speak about the movement in H’s favour as I did yesterday. However I must in justice say that he expressed a great desire to serve him; a consciousness perhaps that he had something to repair-
+On account of M rs Henry Lyell’s departure for India sometime in the first week of July it will not be possible for M rs Horner or any of my daughters to go to Ipswich, but I intend to go & remain at Herriots From the Wednesday to the Saturday-
My kind regards to M rs Henslow & all at the Rectory-
Ever faithfully Your’s
+Leonard Horner
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have been so much occupied this summer with reading on Botany, that I have not been very active in the field – & consequently on looking over my acquisitions & separating the duplicates I find scarcely any thing worth sending you– I have put bye for you Milium lendigerum, Vinca major & Sonchus palustris from Kent– & Menyanthes Nymphæoides from Cambridgeshire – but I wish you would favour me with something of a list to direct me in my choice as I might perhaps be able to send you some specimens of our Southern plants which you would like tho' they may not be among your desiderata which I have got – Malaxis Loeslii I have sought for in vain this year – I fear the season was too dry – I found it last year sparingly in a habitat not mentioned by Relhan – Indeed all his habitats for it are destroyed – I doubt not it will turn up again – It grows close to my Brother in Law’s house – he is a Botanist & searched for it as well as myself this year–
+The only Eriophorum I ever found is angustifolium– I should feel very much obliged to you for any exotic species (you mention some from Lapland) & shall be happy to dry any you may want from our Garden– I am making as general a collection of all plants as I possibly can & any thing, even the most common, from different countries or counties are acceptable– I found Althæa hirsuta (one specimen) last year in Kent, but was prevented from searching for it this summer by bad weather – I can send you a seedling I raised from my own specimen if you wish it– I shall have some few duplicates of common plants from Holland which I can also send when I have collated them if you want them – I write now as the Oct r. term is so near at hand & you may perhaps have an opportunity of letting me hear from you & sending me a few plants by some friend coming to Cambridge, by whom I could also return you some– If however you know no one, I shall still be happy to receive a packet, however small, by the Coach.– You seem to doubt the genuiness of Lonicera caprifolium, which however I believe to be truly indigenous in this county – which is more than I can say for some of Relhan's plants– By the bye I hope you got a specimen of Mespilus cotoneaster & also Chara gracilis (which I have not been able to get in flower) which I sent you in a letter in the summer– I invariably poison all my plants before I put them into my herbarium – & I find it of immense advantage to rub over succulent plants with the solution before they are dried– It prevents their becoming moldy & seems to kill them sooner– I am poisoning & sticking down all Martyn’s plants also –
Believe me | most truly y rs. | J. S. Henslow
+ Endorsement by Winch:
Answered Oct r: 26 th 1829
Available under license only
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+Many thanks for your kind note– that you are not acquainted with any papers from me on Paleontology is easily accounted for upon other grounds than those you mention– I have not published on the subject! I had long back engaged to with a work upon Mammalia for M r Baillieu, and in this, I intended noticing the leading facts relating to the fossil as well as the recent species – and did so, so far as the work went– It was, unfortunately for me stopped ( for a time only as the publisher supposes) by want of funds, & it so happened that the groups which I have had to write about presented by few fossil species– as I had in this work the means of publishing my views in an independent manner I was not anxious to send papers elsewhere– especially as those branches of Paleontology which I had most attended to were already taken up by most able hands–
I have now taken an active part in the Paleontological department of the British Museum for very nearly eight years, having entered in Nov r 1843, with very strong testimonials from Sir Chas. Lyell Sir Roderick Murchison, Sir John Herschel, M r Darwin and others, who at that time thought that my previous studies of the recent animals, had supplied one with a kind of knowledge wanted in the department – Besides naming and arranging the fossils in the Museum during this period I have spent nearly the whole of my vacations in the field with Geologists – & I may further add that nearly all the collections which have been added to the Geol. depart t of the museum have been purchased upon my recommendation – my reports upon the various collections offered –though addressed having bee to the chief of the department – having been forwarded to the Trustees by him – I have of late years worked hard at comparative anatomy, and have delivered two long courses of lectures upon the subject – one on the osteology of the vertebrate animals, & one on the comparative anatomy of the invertebrata– although that principle is not formally admitted, I have always had reason to believe that I might rise to the position of the officer above me, provided a vacancy occurred, & provided I should be found competent & I have only to add that the persons whose names I have already mentioned have stated it as their opinion that I am so– & most of them have written directly to the Trustees on the subject.
Now the mere accident of living in London, or of living away from it, would alone put a person in possession, or not, of many of the points I refer to, as furnishing claims for the promotion I desire, and I am to blame for not having taken this into consideration when I wrote to you. In writing the above my sole object is to excuse myself for this, and at the same time to point out that there are grounds upon which I might reasonably found hopes that I shall not be rejected on the score of incompetency–
+I am particularly anxious that what I have said should not be viewed as a removal of my [ill.del.] application.
Believe me, | my dear Sir | very truly yours | Geo. R. Waterhouse
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+We find to our great regret that shall not be able to avail ourselves of your friendly invitation. Our boy has to be in Westminster on the evening of the first, and as many things have to be looked after & provided for M rs Owen must return with him to Town the day before. We shall, therefore, take our final leave of Suffolk this year on the 30 th September.
After the unusual bustle & excitement of this summer in London the peace at Felixstow has, with its fine air, wonderfully renovated M. rs Owen, and Will has still more benefitted by the contrast of the atmosphere of this fine coast with that of Westminster.
With very kind regards to M. rs Henslow, I am
My dear Henslow, | very truly yours, | Richard Owen.
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Your kind note of many days since would have been sooner answered, had we not been expecting the box with Wire’s pottery, which you mentioned in it. As this box has not yet arrived I write to say so, and also how much gratified we should be to hear an account of the Roman fictile products of Colchester – such as you may deem advisable.
+We desire much to see your method of mounting the different specimens – from your description that method would seem excellently well adapted for the purpose of illustration.–
+I know not how few you may have in your power– but seeing by the newspapers that more glass beads (Anglo-Saxon, I believe) have been discovered in some quantity near Bury S t Edmunds, we are anxious to purchase some for our historical collection of glass – among which glass beads form a most interesting portion – In our own time, we have purchased a magnificent collection of Venetian beads from the Great Exhibition – and it is most interesting to compare this manufacture with the ancient – Egyptian, Grecian, Roman– The very same ?? are still preserved at Venice–
Now we find beads from the barrows in England of various early dates – precisely the same with those found in Italy and Greece– Thus the Bury `beads became objects of interest to us– Do you think you could kindly send us.
+Very sincerely yours | H. T. De la Beche
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I am ashamed to say that I had totally forgotten your desire to hear the results of our Exam n– when your note fortunately crossed my eye this morning. The following is a copy of what appeared at Deightons
Natural Sciences Tripos – 1852
+1 st Class (alphabetically)
Yool – Trin Coll
+Young – Chr. Coll
+2 nd Class
A.Wilson. Trin Coll (G)*
+* distinguished for Geology.
+On the other side you will see how the men performed in each subject.
+yrs very truly | Wm Clark
+[On reverse:]
+Botany | Geology | Mineralogy | Gen. l Paper | Physiol y | Comp. Anat | Chemist. |Total
Young 46 52 3 44 17 15 1 178
+Yool 21 22 4 45 8 10 38 148
+Wilson 0 75 0 15 0 5 7 102
+Though Young had the greatest number of marks, the general impression was that Yool was the better man.
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+We feel complete confidence in your recommendations relative to your book on Botany, & we think the plan of editing which you propose is very good. Under these circumstances we do not hesitate to give our consent to your plans. With reference to the time at which we should wish it completed we can only say that we cannot have it too soon. We must however leave it to you to so the best you can & as soon as you are able we should be glad to be informed when we may expect to receive it. It may be necessary to print off a few copies in order to prevent our losing the sale of sets of the Cyclopedia, but we shall be guided in this by your information relative to the time when you are likely to complete your task
+Faithfully yours | William Longman
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I was very glad to receive your account of your very successful excursion to Languard Fort, the reading of which brought before me the expedition to the same place in which I had the good fortune to join. The pleasure you must see in so many countenances & the assurance you must feel that a new light has broken upon many a mind capable of receiving impressions for good by the widening of their horizon will fully compensate for all the trouble & anxiety you must have in the organizing of these parties– The episode of the finding of the lost brother must have been very touching.
+I have no hope of finding any one here to co-operate with in any measures such as you have been so successful in carrying out. Exclusive Churchism, a hatred of dissenters amounting to exclusive dealing & even cruel persecution of the tradespeople & humbler classes and exaggerated toryism appear to be the characteristics of the place. But they cannot spoil the beautiful scenery, and with London so near we are independent of the local society. There are two or three exceptions– people whom we like but for any public purpose requiring cordial co-operation– “what are they among so many”–
+We leave on the 18 th for Scotland, by the Cumberland lakes, pass three weeks in Scotland, & then return to the South, stopping in Lancashire for my official work until the beginning of Nov r.
I hear that the Joseph Hookers went off last Monday to Switzerland– They have much pleasure before them in that charming country.
+The Lyells sail for the United States on the 21 st, & mean to return in December.
I beg to be kindly remembered to M rs Henslow & all your family circle & am ever
Very truly yours | Leonard Horner
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I found your second letter (Augt.28 th) awaiting my return from Ireland this morning. It is plain from all that you have imparted to me, that, although the information voluntarily given to me, (and the first that I had heard from any quarter) by G.R. may have been strictly accurate, it did not yield all that a correct judgment of the case required.
Any expression of mine, therefore, to G.R. applies to the statement he made to me & to that alone.
+
+ Those of No previous intercourse with him could lead me to suspect that he was telling me anything short of, not the truth merely, but the whole truth of the case, as between him and our common friends & the Museum at Ipswich.
From the confidence that I have in your being disposed, on every account, to act as favourably as the case will allow, towards one for whom I believe that, heretofore, both you & I have felt the most sincere sentiments of esteem and regard, my relations with G.R. will in future be guided by your’s.
+You will, probably, have no objection to my transmitting a copy of this note to G.R. with whom I have had no communication since he called on me here in August 21 st.
My holidays are exhausted this year: had any remained I believe it would have afforded both M. rs Owen & myself much pleasure to have availed ourselves of your kind invitation and have witnessed the progress of your good undertakings than any other way of spending them.
Believe me | very sincerely your’s |Richard Owen
+Available under license only
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+I thank you for your letter of the 28 th. With respect to the extended quantity rather than occasion delay & inconvenience, we do not wish to restrict you to the one volume provided the additional matter is of such an extent as to enable us to print the whole in two volumes, and on the condition you are so good as to mention that we are not to increase our payment. We should for many reasons prefer one volume if it could have been executed entirely to your satisfaction but we are content to leave it as you propose & could ask the favor of your allowing us to have the ms. as speedily as your numerous engagements will permit.
I am, dear Sir, | very faithfully yours | Thomas Longman
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I feel I have taxed many of my friends with my Collectanea too long:– at the same time I must send a circular but I shall not be vexed if they think fit to cease subscribing nor the less grateful for past kindnesses.
+
+ Twenty two new subscribers are already enrolled & I am in hope of being able of bringing out more volumes. I feel they are wanted & I feel I have no other medium in publishing through–
With best regards & wishes | your’s very truly | C R Smith
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I dare say you have forgotten a promise I made you at the Cambridge Meeting of the British Association, that I would send you a few fossils &c for your little Parish or School Museums. I have never forgotten it; but not until this week have I been able finally to sort out my duplicates. In the mean time the establishment of our Free Museum here, has seemed to have a prior claim upon me. So I send you what I can, wishing they were more & better, but hoping that some of your country parishioners may find sources of instruction & pleasure in them.
+I have sent off a little box by rail, & remain
+Yours respectfully | Phillip P. Carpenter
+[Written on a notice advertising Christian publications and incl. the hymn ‘Nearer to Thee’]
+[Enclosure: Report entitled “The Shells of California” by Philip P. Carpenter Cairo St., Warrington Oct. 4 th 1854.
Requested by BAAS ]
+Cambridge University Library, MSS Add. 8177: 63(ii)
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+You will find the minute ciliated helix [Drawing] at the bottom of the pill box in your tin case. It seems to me very curious – perhaps the one you mentioned as found near Dartford. The Acori are in the bottle of spirits with a few minute butterfs. which were in the Madingley moss. Turn them all into a saucer, and be careful in searching for the Acori as some are very minute and the Spirits rather muddy. Be careful also in opening the pill box, where you will likewise find a little hairy insect with long horny jaws, which I found crawling on my writing paper one day [drawing]. I am drawing the Peziza. Query (?] if it may not turn out a young specimen of the large one I found in the plantations last year.
+Yrs ever | J S Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I had hoped to have met you today but as I have not I write to request you will kindly present for me some coins of several of the Early Pathan Emporers of Hindustan to the Museum - as follows
+a. 3 coins of Sultan Mahomud Shah Likunder Sani (?)
+b. 1 coin of Ghyas-ud-Dun, Bulbus(?)
+c. 1 Sultan Kintub ud Dun Mubarik Shah Khilgi A. H. 716
+d. 1 Sultan Zughluk Shah A. H. 722
+e. 5 Sultan Ghyas ud Dun Zughluk
+These coins are highly debased metal. an account. This measure of the later Pathan Monarch is recorded by historians- I will give a memo on the subject.
+I hope to add to this trifling donation shortly when my luggage arrives
+Yours very truly
+W. Nithee
+p.s. for some time to come I shall remain at Coddenham
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+James Stephen’s determination to give certificates to persons who had not taken out Lecture Tickets was met with very strong remonstrances on my part, but in vain. As he had not entered into the agreement into which the other certifying Professors entered, not to give Certificates without that condition, he stands upon a different footing from the rest: and I believe that practically speaking, very few persons have taken advantage of this rule. Almost all his auditors have taken out Lecture Tickets and paid for them. Still there is an obvious inconsistency in the present state of things.
+I have done my best to bring the Professors and the University into cooperation and have, it seems to me, to a certain extent succeeded: in spite of great difficulties; of which I may say, that the persuadence of Professors is an action most considerable. If any other person will try to amend the scheme, I shall be glad to support him, as I do not think that I shall originate anything of that kind. I find it hard enough to prevent the whole scheme being frustrated.
+Mrs Whewell is very far from well but is I hope improving. My kind regards to Mrs Henslow.
+Yours very truly
+W. Whewell
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+You will perceive by the address that I have changed my place of abode.
+For some years past I have been suffering more or less under the infirmities of debility & fancied my very close proximity to the London Clay at Kentish Town was unfavourable to health determined to try if any benefit c d. be derived from a change
This is not irrelevant to the subject of your letter conceiving as I do that a Public Depository to which anyone can have access the place most suited for scientific objects & the best means of furthering the ends of Science. I have given my collection of Crag Shells to the British Museum to which Establishment all that portion which has been described has been removed & as that was its destination always intended by me I thought it best to avoid one more unnecessary remove. I have retained only those required to complete my Monograph & they will follow the others when they have done their duty.
+My best wishes attend the Museum you have taken under your fostering care & in all appreciate the services you have rendered towards its success. It is now many years since I resided in the Crag District & the knowledge of many collecting friends had pretty well eased me of a redundancy of duplicates but there will be no difficulty in your obtaining what you require from some of the many supporters & wellwishers to the Museum in your neighbourhood & for all general purposes a very great accuracy in nomenclature is not requisite nor the very minute shades of difference considered essential for specific distinction of any vital importance to the students
+Some short time since I was looking over the collection of London Clay Fossils from the neighbourhood of Highgate belonging to & formed by a particular friend of mine a Mr Wetherall of that place & was much interested in the examination of many things that were beyond my capabilities of determining but which bore strong resemblances to some of my old acquaintances that are found in the Red Crag although evidently not denizens of that Epoch it struck me at the time that several of these forms probably belonged to a Kingdom in Nature that I am not very well acquainted with & suggested to my friend that I thought it was not at all improbable but that yourself co d give him more information upon them than I was able to do & thought also you might [ill.del.] feel interested in their inspection if therefore you sho d in your next visit to the Metropolis have an hour or two to spare with an inclination to go so far as Highgate I am quite sure Mr Wetherall wo d have great pleasure in showing to you these fossils & we may be all benefitted by your examination of them. A few lines addressed to him a day or two before your contemplated visit with the mention of my name as having suggested it will I am sure procure an appointment for such an object & I shall be gratified if you sho d be able to assist in their determination.
Believe me Dear Sir | yours very truly | Searles V. Wood
+Available under license only
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+You seem to be very busy with your parishioners, stocking their minds with all kinds of useful knowledge. Your bill of fare for the Horticultural Show that was to come off last week is rather amusing. I was so taken up, just at the time your letter arrived, in getting my wife back into her place from Teignmouth, where she had been staying whilst I was at Swaffham, that I could not immediately attend to it. I do not remember you asking for an edible Swallow’s nest, but I have just been to see what specimens I have and I doubt not I can find a duplicate at your service, which I will either send by post, – or keep it till I have more leisure to see if I have anything else to send with it. –I am rather busy at present in packing &c., what of my remaining effects at Swaffham I have brought away, – leaving others for Sale. – I have been very fortunate in the matter of settling with my Successor: I had heard so much of heavy charges for dilapidation, even in the case of comparatively newly-built houses, like my own, that I was cautious enough to reserve a largish sum, as I thought, to meet liabilities; – it turn’s out, however, in the end, that instead of paying I have to receive, the estimate for fixtures (to be allowed for by the next incumbent,) exceeding that for dilapidation by more than £18. The auction also went off admirably, – old furniture & miscellaneous articles of, almost useless lumber in my eye, realized £50 or more, after paying the expences of the sale: this is a capital bonus to me & will help to meet all the charge I have been at in settling myself in this house.–
I am not likely to be at Tenby again that I know of; but if anything takes me there, I will remember G.Parker, who I suppose is, or was, the fascinating youth that was so persevering in his visits formerly at Hitcham Rectory.–
+I have still a lot of Camb sh Diptera by me, which I have recently had named by M r Walker, and w h must, when orderly arranged, be transferred to the Cabinet of Insects I gave to the Philos. Soc. last year. I think, perhaps, if I can manage it, I shall contrive to visit Cambridge again for this purpose next Spring, – during the time of your Lectures, that I may have the advantage of your society on the occasion; – but more of this nearer the time.– Between now & then, too, I will see if I can find anything for the Ipswich Museum.–
My love to Harriet, to whom I will write some future time.
+Your’s affectly| L. Jenyns
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I send you first a bottle containing Sodium. If it is turbid (the liquid) when you get it, let it rest quietly & the liquid will become clear & you will see some of the globules of sodium as metals very well I think – Do not open the bottle – or the preparation will be spoiled – it is 30 years or more old.
+As for Potassium I have been in the habit in lecture of putting a moderately clear piece about the size of a pea between two thick glass plates then pressing the plates together with a little lateral motion added till the potassium is spread out as large as a shilling and holding the plates together with clips of bent copper. [pen sketch of plates] Somewhere the potassium will show itself metallic & keep so under the glass for some hours.
+As to the wires – there is some fine copper [underlined by JSH] drawn to 1/350 of an inch – some fine platina[underlined by JSH] drawn to 1/216 of inch – 2 vials of platina in silver the platina being 1/1000 and 1/2000 of inch If you hold the ends of these in the side of a candle flame you may melt down the silver & show the platina as the specimens will show you– The platina is then best shown to a company by letting it glow as an ignited body in the flame only the 1/2000 will melt in the candle unless care be taken.
+There are also two cards containing like specimens of platina the 1/10000 1/20000 1/30000 of an inch in diameter - Here you want a glass to see them
+I have put in some pieces of Gilt silver wire & silver copper wire but here the covering metal is thick – I cannot get at any others
+I must ask you to return the Sodium* the *fine wires on cards & *reel – I am sorry I cannot leave them with you
+Ever my dear Henslow| yours truly | M. Faraday
+I send this note by Post & the other things by as a packet by the rail MF
Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I am sorry that I cannot send you any duplicates as I have given all I had away to Charlesworth to assist his Society and my whole collection of Fossils is at the Ipswich Museum. The last time I saw them at the Museum a great many of them were stowed away in drawers and in rather rough condition but you will find all you want there I think–
+I must leave further collecting to my youngsters as I cannot now spare the time – I hope that I shall be at your next lecture and have the pleasure of seeing you again – You will have seen by the Papers how Sir F. Thesiger and Sir Fitzroy Kelly have been for the last two or three days puzzling the judges about the Coprolite and M r Lawes Patent rights I suppose it will be settled this week – The deposits in Suffolk are fast wearing out and I am again at work in the neighbourhood of Cambridge – M r Lawes actions have been a great source of anxiety – litigation and expence to all but I think now it will be finally settled against his Patent rights –
I regret I cannot assist you with any duplicates but should I be able to get any before your lecture I will bring them with me
+I remain |My dear Sir |faithfully yours |W. m Colchester
Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+1 cubic inch of Water weighs –––––––––– 252.458 grams
+–––––––––––– oxygen –––––––––––––– 0.3438
+–––––––––––– hydrogen –––––––––––– 0.021483
+–––––––––––– 2 vols hy & 1 vol oxygen – 0.128922
+252.458/0.128922 = about 1958
+So 1958 vols of mixed O & H make 1 vol of water and therefore your middle line of 1:2 gives or requires 1/653 in the water column. The g as equivalent for water is right i.e. the g which you have ? opposite 0 1. [figures drawn in cylinders] is right
+Ever truly yours | M. Faraday
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I was sorry that you could not meet us today, and still more sorry for the cause. It is certainly true that we are not so young as we were; we few have held out wonderfully long against an upper jacket. I hope it will produce all the good effects which the first application of new remedies sometimes does. We have considered your objections to the plans and others which have occurred to us; and have agreed to wait for your report from Kew, before we attempt to re… the designs. The opinions from Kew will of course be very valuable; but we are a little afraid that their (the Kewians) notions may be too magnificent for us. We must build in such a way that the sum required for the annual expences of the Garden shall not be greater than it now is. We (the other Syndics) agree with you in wishing to get rid of the doors with arched heads; we say altogether; and indeed of arches throughout. The points of examining ...[illeg]….. of our by experienced persons - When we have the responses from Kew and see our way a little further, we may perhaps send our Curator the issue to get further information and perhaps in a week or two you may be able to come here to confer with us.
+I hope Mrs Whewell is going on well – she is much better than she has been, and remains still [illeg]. Mrs Henslow will grieve to hear, if she has not yet heard, that dear old M rs Hughes was taken to her rest two days ago. Her friends have been long expecting the event. My kind regards to Mrs Henslow
always truly yours | W. Whewell
+Available under license only
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+Altho I have given away my Crag shells it is by no means my intention to give up collecting I thought that as I had made public what I knew about them that any one so disposed ought to be permitted the right of seeing whether the story I had told of them were really a true one & they were placed in the National Museum for that purpose
+The study of the Crag Formation has constituted one of the greatest pleasures of my life & to sever the intimate connexion we have formed wo d be an evil I strongly deprecate. I am sometimes almost half disposed to wish that when they are taking me my last journey [ JSH writes above ‘in a stratum vs new…’] the middle of a Crag Pit so that we might never be separated. Joking apart I sho d be happy to assist you in your most laudable endeavours as I am a sincere well wisher to the general increase of knowledge more especially among the lower Classes where it is so much needed it is I believe one of the best means of removing that bad feeling which has so long subsisted between them & those above them most reprehensible in the latter. I have always thought that by improving the lowest those above wo d for their own sakes advance. My visits into Suffolk are few & far between I go there about twice a year to pay my respects to a Father now verging upon eighty nine & when there I go & hunt Collectors (instead of the Pits as formerly) to see if I can get any thing new to put into “my Book”. Generally [JSH writes above ‘not self’] speaking Collectors do not give much away & will seldom part with more than their third or fourth rate specimens being reluctant to spoil the beauty & richness of their Collections. The common & characteristic specimens are in my opinion quite sufficient for general information & good enough for local Museums indeed I think there is a great evil in having choice & unique specimens buried in Provincial Establishments. I wished much to have examined in London a specimen in the Cambridge Museum & applied for permission to remove it but was informed it co d not be done & I am now about applying to another Provincial Museum for a similar permission perhaps with the same result. All good fossils ought to be in London where anyone [JSH has written above ‘from Edinb?’] can see them altho I have ever found a readiness with private individuals to oblige.
I am now turning my attention to my Cabinet of Lond. Clays without however intending to turn my back upon my Old Friends but I find with a limited number of Cabinets one is obliged to economize for room. Hoping you have got rid of your worst of “isms” & with thanks for your kind wishes
+Believe me my Dear Sir | yours very truly | Searles Wood
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+I am sorry it happened that your last visit to the College was made during my absence at Sir Philp Egerton’s where I was comparing some fossil fishes. I shall be glad if I can give you any precise information relative to the teeth and bones from the Copford brick-earth when you next come to Town. I think you will be pretty sure to find me at the Museum, say between 1 & 3, and I am sure you will be a welcome visitor.
+No one has done more to discover & bring together the requisite materials for a scientific knowledge of the antediluvian Mammalia of England than yourself, and those labours will never be forgotten by me so long as I am spared to contribute my mites to the sum of Human Knowledge.
+With M. rs Owen’s kind wishes and mine,
believe me | sincerely your’s |Richard Owen
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+At the time when your last letter reached me I was much too unwell to answer it, you must therefore not suppose me inattentive to so valuable a correspondent as yourself, for your communications afford me both amusement and instruction.– Owing to the long confinement and [d]isposition of M rs W– I have not been a mile from home this summer, of course can contribute but little to your Herbarium, … Rosa Doniana certé you may depend upon. R. gracilis I think I gave before– on the other side is my idea of this many named species & its three varieties. – … All I can say is that any sp ns of rare plants, even from a garden, are acceptable and your botanic garden must contain many curious species, at least it did so when I visited it in 1800 & 1802 Mespilus cotoneaster!! and Chara gracilis I set a high value on, pray who was the fortunate discoverer of the former? Living plants are of little value to me for I have no garden, nor is one worth cultivating in this smoky town, but I should prize any dried sp. from Holland for I have been collecting an Herbarium for about thirty years which for the sake of geographic botany is arranged as follows – British plants – Lapland and the Arctic region Sweden, Norway – Russia & Siberia – Germany, Holland & France – The Alps of Europe – Italy – Hungary & Greece – Spain and Portugal – Asia – Africa – America Nth & South – Australia. M r Ja s Barkholm of York, a good practical botanist, showed me a specimen named Lysimachia vulgaris & said to be collected long since on the banks of the river near Darlington by his cousin, but which was certainly Lysimachia punctata. but a plant not rare in Holland. Is it among your Dutch specimens? When you next favor me with a letter a slight sketch of Martin’s Herbarium would be a great treat to me. I too wash all my plants with spirits of wine containing corrosive sublimate but I am not much plagued with insects here. Should you see Mr Sedgwick have the goodness to remember me to him and believe me to be
My dear Sir | truly yours | N: J: Winch
+var: α. fl: rub: d Rosa involuta when growing inland
R. Sabini β of Sabine
+R. Donania
+R. gracilis
+β fl. alb: d Rosa Sabini α. of Sabine
R. gracilis β from Ennerdale
+γ dwarf– Rosa involuta Eng: Bot– when growing on the sea shore
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+It is not my desire or intention to say one word in depreciation of the object you have most at heart on the contrary wo d do all I co d to promote it my objection was simply against putting the light under a bushel when those at a distance co d not see it[.] Foreigners coming over are seldom able to make the Tour of England to visit all the District Museums & it is not often that the Committees of Management have enough of the Esprit de Corps to make known the Treasures they possess[.] I only spoke of the obstacle that presents itself when I wanted to light my candle. If you can increase the number of labourers there is plenty of work for them the field is very extensive but I fear they will not work con amore unless for their own Cabinets in which there is a vested Interest which even a curator with all his zeal does not possess. My impression is that general information will be more approved of than the dry details of local sciences unless you happen to enlist an ardent Pioneer who wants to go ahead. I sho d be pleased to talk with you upon those subjects and, & much obliged by your kind invitation but my Visits into Suffolk are unfortunately on the other side of Ipswich[.] I am sorry but not surprised to hear the account you give of yourself as I have myself suffered for the last fifteen years all sorts of ailments such as rheumatic pains, spasms violent back ache &c &c all arising from functional derangements or want of tone in the alimentary organs[.] The backache I have had so bad as scarcely to be able to turn in bed & these are brought on by any little extra exertion[.] I mention this not to frighten but to encourage that after so long a struggle with the enemy I am still able thank God to move about & enjoy the intervals of peace tho not exactly able now to wield a pickaxe as formerly[.] I can handle the goosequill & as there is a time for everything if we cannot do exactly what we wish we must do what we can. As your doctor appears to hit upon the cause of your complaint & sincerely hope he will be able to restore you to comparative health & that I shall soon hear of your being better. One of my correspondents the other day was recommending to me the Hydropathic system as he had so recently submitted to its requirements & who stated himself to be perfectly restored & now enjoying excellent health altho’ he had suffered constipation for twenty one days. This certainly does appear to be an argument in favour of the Temperance movement as my informant is on the wrong side of fifty. My father has a great aversion to water taken inwardly but prefers a glass of wine but I suppose we cannot make the bed of Procrustes out of the pump. I told my friend that I went with him as far as the use of the shower bath but that wo d not always keep away the backache.
If anything sho. d bring you into this neighbourhood I can only say I sho.d be most happy to see you & Believe me
Yours very truly
+Searles Wood
+Available under license only
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+I was very glad indeed to get a letter from you but sorry to hear of your being in any way ill, but I hope a little relaxation will put you all right again: I congratulate you on being a Grandfather which I learn from your letter & hope that you & yours are all well:
+There is no one to whom I would so soon send one of my protegeés among school mistresses so soon as your-self but I really do not know one who is at liberty – There is one very promising young woman of about 22, whom I brought down into this county about two years ago & she was doing well - Four months ago she was obliged to give up her instruction on account of her health but is now doing better she is at Somborne but I don’t know whether well enough to take a School:
+I think were I you, I should apply to the Home & Colonial Schools or to Whitelands & see what kind of mistress they would recommend & on what terms & have one holding a Gov. t certificate of merit:
You could get one for £35 a year & I am persuaded this would be your most economical plan in the end: your own & your daughters assistance to an improving school mistress would be invaluable & you would very soon create a feeling in favor of the School, much stronger than you imagine:
+Your anecdote of the little girl girl & the wild-flower is a very interesting one – I must take your letter to my friend M rs Henry where I am going on Tuesday (D r Daubeny will be there) to relate the anecdote to her – she has a good girls school & has in imitation of you commenced the wild-flower system – I send her your list of plants of the Parish: Rather than fill up your School with a Mistress not likely to improve it I would get someone temporarily until Easter or such time as you found one to suit: Should any one fall in my way, I shall be sure to bear you in mind:
I hope you found Darwin in improving health – I met him in June last at M r
+ Ashman Northems & he was then progressing towards good health:
I fear I am not likely to be in your county for a long time, but should I be near you, it would give me great pleasure to pay Hitcham a visit – Is any thing likely to bring you or yours into this part of the world – recollect we are rather a tourizing county – the banks of the Wye &c
+I wish you would come & stir us up & remind one of days gone by: we are now being brought within the sphere of rail roads where we have never been before. Playfair is working hard about Diagrams & I think formed the same opinions of Griffins that you & D r Hooker have done: you need not be afraid of having offended Mosely & I have no doubt you did him good – Playfair I have no doubt will be much obliged by any hints you can give him & also thankful for them:
I know of no one who deserves a holiday more than yourself – & as the days get longer & Spring advances take a run down here where we shall be most glad to see you:
+Wishing you & yours many happy returns of the season in which M rs Dawes joins me
believe me | my dear Henslow |very sincerely yours |R. Dawes
+Have you seen the Minute 6 ?? of Council which gives 5 or 6 s for each child per annum educated in the School, under certain conditions - at present it does not apply to a mixed school under a Mistress only but there is an attempt to get it extended
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+The case of poor Shelford's widow is indeed a sore one: I forwarded it to a friend of mine in London Mr Duckworth of Bryanston Square who has kindly sent the half of the 5£ note this morning which I forward to you— I will send the other half when I hear of you getting this:
+I am sorry not to be able to do any thing myself, but I am positively a poorer man than when was at Somborne & have many calls upon me which I cannot answer
+Have you thought of the Clergy Friend Society— it secure a strong case for that but my votes there are at present engaged
+Believe me | my dear Henslow | very sincerely yours | R Dawes
+Available under license only
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+Many thanks for your great kindness. I am not very sanguine of Success as one of the Professors at Cork, & the Secretary (M c Adam) at Belfast got the start of me; my hope is a friend at Court who will personally bring my qualifications before the Lord Lieu t who has the appointment. I find I must take a party of our young men out & break up the rocks in this neighbourhood for I am under promise to several parties to furnish them with Carboniferous fossils. If I can get a box full worth the carriage I will send some to you but I fear my constant engagements will hardly allow of my labelling them. Your Museum is I believe chiefly local otherwise I could furnish from the moulds I have by me a dozen of the finest of our Runic monuments out of the 25 I have at an average cost of £1.0.0 each.
Believe me, Dear Sir | very faithfully yrs |Jos h Ge. g Cumming
Available under license only
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+I lose no time in informing you that the tooth, which I received, with your note of the 1 st Sep. t, this morning, is, as your inscription rightly states, the upper molar tooth of an Ox, i.e., of a species of the genus Bos; it is of a young animal, and, owing to its incomplete state of formation, I have not been able, after much comparison, to determine satisfactorily whether it belongs to a large variety of the common Ox, or whether to a female of the Bos primigenius, or Bison-priscus.
I am sorry I cannot satisfy you & myself on this point, but I am always happy to do my best for kind & zealous fellow-investigators of Nature, like yourself. No apology is ever needed, in such cases, by
+your’s most truly |Richard Owen
+[P.S.] The tooth will be safely delivered when I see you early in November. R.O.
+Available under license only
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+The payment must refer to vol.3 of the Collectanea & other Abbé Cochel’s work. Vol. 4 you can pay for when you please; the notice was not meant for you & such as you.
+You are the only subscriber I have had from the Liverpool meeting!! I never calculated on more than 5 from such a source. Chiefly from my own connections I have now about 180 names.
+You say you have seen the Collection. I have never yet had the chance of sitting down to it quietly. Some time since when I wanted the MSS, M. r Hawkins refused them! –Now however they are with me. I hope you will carefully read over what I have written about the history of this collection. No one has seen it for 40 years, until, (after great pains,) I induced D. r F to grant me access to it.
I suppose you now the 3000 people of the Liverpool Meeting are satiated with these remains I may quietly & undisturbedly get to work upon them.
I send you an extra circular in case you can enlist any Subscriber.
+I was sorry I had not the pleasure of seeing you. I came in within 10 minutes after you had left.
+Believe me, | my dear Sir, | Your’s very sincerely | C. Roach Smith
+[P.S.] When the B.A.A. could not publish the MSS I offered to do it at my own risk. D. r F. would not consent, saying he had no recollection of ever saying he would allow anyone to do so! See the note of thanks he received from us at Canterbury!!
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+I duly rec. d your kind letter & enclosure, & will send the stamped receipt when the other half comes to hand.
Pray do not take up your valuable time with naming Crag Fossils, as we have Searles Woods Pal. y Only perhaps in any Crags you are so kind as to send us, you w. d kindly state the locality, & put a M, R or C for Mam- s Red or Cor. l Crag, as we are ignorant on these matters: but please not to hurry yourself on any of these matters.
Yours respc ly | P.P.Carpenter
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+I have lately made up a parcel for you and left it at M. r Webb’s in Clement’s Inn. Its multifarious contents are Miss Crompton’s Writing Lessons (all then printed), M. r R.P. Greg’s letter on arranging minerals; specimen of Jute; parts of male & female cones of Macrob. Spiralis; London clay with selenite; D. o, nodule containing Bivalves; specimens of blistered steel, and the same after being melted and made into ingots; & some other minerals. I have also put into the parcel 6 copies of the pamphlet, lately published by the Institution of Chief Engineers, and the greater part of which is my writing. It contains first my Essay, to which the Council of the Institution have awarded the Telford Gold Medal; notes on the same; and then an abstract of the discussion, which occupied 3 meetings of the Society, and which concludes with my answer to objections. As the whole is edited by Mr C. Manby, I may state without presumption that this pamphlet is the only work in our language, which gives a complete view of the arguments for and against the French metrological system. I will beg you to do me the favour at your leisure to send these copies to the Public Library, the Mechanics’ Institution, and the Phil. Soc y in Ipswich, and M r John Glyde (Hair-dresser &c) who once gave me his work in 8vo on the institutions of Ipswich. One copy has your own name inscribed on it, and a sixth is added for you to give wherever you think it will be acceptable and interesting, my object being to promote discussion and to assist in making the subject understood.
I went yesterday to Kew to show Sir William the Karen dress, with which he was much pleased. Your kind letter having arrived a day or two previously I was able to take Job’s Tears and we had a very interesting discussion about them, in which Mr Smith joined. Their botanists, I think, took rather a different view from yourself in regard to the porcellaneous substance regarding it as an envelope to the flower only, and taking the protruding threads for stamens and pistils.
+I thought Sir W. m looked remarkably well. I will inform my sisters of your kind notice of them, and participating in your pleasant recollections of the days we passed so delightfully at their house, I am,
Dear Sir, | most truly yours | James Yates
+[P.S.] M. Foucault, on coming to London, stayed here a full week, and shared his experiments one mornings to a party of about 30, chiefly mathematicians and physicists.
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+Enquires about purchasing a copy of Baxter’s Stirpes Cryptogamae Oxoniensis and offers to send species local to Cambridge in return.
Dr Daubeny has informed me that you are in the habit of preparing fasciculi of dried cryptogamic plants for sale, & I take the opportunity of his return to Oxford, to request you will favour me with a copy – I enclose what he tells me is the price, & by that if you happen not to have one ready prepared that you will delay sending it until it may be convenient to you. If I can be of any service in procuring for you any local species found in this neighbourhood (either of phanerogamous or cryptogamous species) I shall be very happy to assist you – so soon as spring returns I intend to continue an active search for plants with which I have already commenced, with a view to a new edition of our Flora–
Y r faithful | J. S. Henslow
My address
+Rev d Professor Henslow | Cambridge
I met with [Aecidium Primi ?] in abundance last June which Greville says is rare, & if you want specimens for your fasciculi I will search for it again in the same spot
+Mr Baxter | Botanic Garden | Oxford
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+I found in my work-room when I arrived this morning your friendly letter & good wishes, also the Barrel of your justly famous Colchester Oysters.
+The compliments of this genial season M rs Owen and I heartily reciprocate, and we add our best thanks for your very kind & most acceptable present.
I feel great interest in every new locality of Mammalian fossils made known to us by your unwearied researches, and I have often thought of the unusual beauty and perfection of some of the bones which you last submitted to me. Believe me
+My dear Sir, | your’s most sincerely | Rich. d Owen
Available under license only
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+I was most happy in adding your name to the list of those who have wished to do honour to the Memory of our lamented Friend. No one I am sure ever thinks that the respect of the donor for the deceased is to be measured by the amount of the sum it may be convenient to him to give. I find with you that it is very necessary to set bounds to my wishes on such occasions, so many are the holes now bored all round the cistern. The sums subscribed already amount to £286, so that we shall have enough to do all we contemplate.
+You again send me a letter without saying when we are to have you here. I expect our spare room to be occupied from the 25 th to the 29th by a friend, a lady from Berlin and about the 9 th of next month we shall be going from home for a week, and at the end of it my official circuit will begin, & will last two months. Thus you see how we are situated, & I hope that we shall certainly see you before long.
I have a cask & a hamper packed with specimens for the Ipswich Museum if you wish to have them, & a third package is in progress. They are not valuable, but I think they are worth the carriage upon the whole. What do you say? You will not in the least offend me by saying, “I would rather not have them”
+Yours faithfully | Leonard Horner [JSH writes: ‘Factory Schools Inspector’]
+We had a most satisfactory examination of our Highgate British School yesterday evening. We have been most fortunate in our Master. I hope you will be no less so in the new Mistress about to come to you.
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+Do not suppose but that I feel a great interest & much pleasure in the thorough investigation you are giving of the Salisbury beds. The only point I differ with you is that I hardly think a separate communication could well be made to the Society of the fact you name. Still if you wish it I shall be most happy that it should be so & I will be present to point out its bearing. In a geological point of view however the presence of Foraminifera is of no importance as they belong to the chalk, of which we have sufficient debris in the flint pebbles. The other points it will be desirable to note & we can do this in a note. If the paper were printed it would be a different thing, & a separate communication might be made. I have now another paper going thro’ press & since it was read I have examined & laid down 35 new sections bearing upon the subject— I do not however communicate these to the Society as they only illustrate my previous paper, but I work them all up in the sections & descriptions of sections inserted in the paper as it passes thro’ press.
+I remain, my dear Sir | yours ever truly | J. Prestwich J. r
+
Don’t forget that I saw to a depth of about 1 foot below the shell bed, tho’ not to the full depth to the chalk which I should like to see—
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+Some uncertainties about engagements next week have prevented me from sooner replying to your kind proposal of giving us the pleasure of your company, and I hope that what I now have to tell you will not prove in any degree inconvenient to you. We shall be glad if you will come to us next Monday the 5 th, and stay over Wednesday. On Tuesday we have a particular engagement to dinner, but we shall leave you in possession of the house, & better provided than the poor fellows at Balaklava. On Monday the Charles Darwins dine with us. Do say yes to all this—
Your’s faithfully | Leonard Horner
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+By todays Eastern Counties Railway you will [illeg] Miller's "Schools & Schoolmasters" & Karr’s "Tour round my Garden" which we were talking about at the Linnean Club & of which I beg your acceptance. The idea of Karr’s book is not amiss if it had been better worked out, but it has too much sentiment (how truly to note the beginning if written the loves of spiders!) & has many mistakes showing the writers Natural History is second-hand, as indeed is proved by the silly tirade, (borrowed apparently partly from Bonnet (?),), against scientific names.
+I also beg your acceptance of “B [illeg]’s Life” which as the Revision may have deterred you from enquiring for, I hope you will glance over on my recommendation or at least the first 100 pages. These are valuable tho' the history of a [illeg], as a genuine picture of Middleclass life in the Northern States, showing how truly “the Child is father of the Man” nationally as well as individually, & that the low moral sense of a large proportion of Americans, their eagerness to seize on Cuba, their sympathy with Register(?) are the natural fruits of the System of Trickery & dishonesty generally prevailing in spite of strict religious professions with which they can very nobly reconcile them, as a Bar [illeg] does his daily study of the Bible with his lies & swindling. His book, too, shows (& this is my main reason for forwarding it) how sadly they have wanted teachers like yourself to offer them substitutes for these [illeg] “practical jokers” always including falsehood & the love of giving pain, - their only [illeg] (except “Religious Revivals”!) for the [illeg] excitement then will have in some shape or other.
+Pray when writing to your Secretary, direct him to send me an account of what I owe for my annual subscription to the Ipswich Museum which seems to be some years in arrears.
+If you want funds for your proposed Natural History Society, I shall be happy to subscribe a pound a year
+I am
+My dear sir
+Yours very truly
+W. Spence
+ +[JSH: W. Spence, Entomologist | the Kirby & Spence]
+Available under license only
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+You may have heard that I have offered my London Collections to the Nation; & to the City also.
+If at the present moment you could & would draw the attention of any member of the House of Commons or of either of the Trustees of the British Museum to the fact, & express your opinion on the antiquarian value of the collections, you would be doing me a service; for altho’ I may probably get as much or more from Liverpool as from London the trouble would be greater, & for my “Remains of Roman London” I should have further to go. Besides London is really the place for this collection. I do not think the Trustees would object to it, if it were recommended by persons like yourself; but in this case I cannot go canvassing, & I have not many friends who will move in the matter.
+With my kind regards | I Remain, | my dear Sir | your’s sincerely | C Roach Smith
+Available under license only
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+I am sorry I have no copies left of the Snow Crystals, but the first favourable day I will take some, and send them to you, I shall be able to send copies of some highly magnified which I have taken recently[.] They have been more abundant this year than I have before known them to be[.]
+I have not the pleasure of knowing D r Hooker personally, but, when my long report of the Gr. Exhibition was passing through the press it had the benefit of his revision, and for which I have a grateful remembrance
I am dear Sir | faithfully yours | James Glaisher
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+The packet with the braces shall be sent to M r Webb’s on Monday—
Many thanks for your Hitcham documents. I wish I knew of some other Rector to whom I might send them, with some hope that he would follow your example. The Dean of Hereford is in town & I will give them to him.
+Our Master in the Highgate School is desirous of following your example as far as he is able, in giving some instruction in the botany of the neighbourhood, but alas he must first make himself something of a botanist. He is very anxious to learn and asks as what is the best book for his object. I promised to inquire— Can you recommend one?
+Ever Your’s | Leonard Horner
+Available under license only
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+Your list certainly puzzles me— you give good Crag species & yet I can hardly imagine the reality of so curious a fact. It is most important to have it well determined. I should recommend you to send the best preserved specimens to M. r Searles Wood & ask his opinion with respect to them. I quite long to go to the section at Chislet but at present I cannot leave the sofa—
Pray let me hear from you when you have M. r Wood’s or M. r Sowerby’s opinion—
Yours very sincerely | J. Prestwich J. r
+
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+I can not refrain from sending you a list of the addenda which my English plants have just received from Wynch. I have not been able to open a mineralogical book all the morning. Dont die with envy.
+Alisma ranunculoides Epilobium alsinifolium
+Anchusa officinalis " alpestre
+Arenaria verna Fumari lutea
+l
+Carex capillaries Gentiana verna
+" pauciflora Hieracium paludosum
+Chironia littoralis (with seeds and duplicates!) " denticulatum
+Cypripedium calceolus!!! Nuphar Kalmiana!
+Convallaria verticillata }!!! Potentilla fruticosa
+from Perthshire }
+Dianthus arenarius Prunus padus
+Draba aizoides Pyrola minor
+Dryas octopetala Ribes petraeum
+Rosa mollis Ferns
+" tomentosa Aspidium dilatatum
+" sciuscula Polypodium Dryopteris
+" glauciphylla
+" involuta?} Mosses
+Orthotricum Hutchinsia
+sabina } Graminia leucuphar[?]
+" – Rubus glandulosa
+Saxifraga aizoides Lichen
+" caspitosa Gyrophora pustulata
+Salix Andersoniana f Thereby increasing my collection by
+" Fosteriana g 49 species of British plants and
+Sedum villosum several species of N American and
+Senecio sylvatica Lapland and a few duplicates (ex gr
+Spiraea fruticosa Parnassia palustris)
+Trientalis Europaea
+Veronica alpina
+" saxatilis
+" fruticulosa
+(.'. I have all but verna)
+Viola amoena
+" lutea
+Zostera marina
+With best respects to your family | believe me, | Yours ever sincerely |
+J S Henslow
+Available under license only
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+I wrote some days ago to a friend of mine telling him to send you the Herbarium I had left with him. On each page I amused myself with scribbling such particulars as suggested themselves to me – perfectly ignorant of Botany – as likely to be of use, but I doubt whether you will find them so. The plants where all gathered in Tasmania (vulg. V. D. Land) & the greatest part in the neighbourhood of Oatlands, my residence in the centre of the Island. Will you be good enough to let me know what particulars would be useful to a man of science ill del.and which could be collected by one perfectly ignorant – as I am. I mean with regard to Botany, as perhaps when I get among the Jungles of India, I may take it into my head to collect again. Adieu, remembrances to all–
Believe me |Truly Y rs |Harvey Vachell
Appended:
+The Seasons in Tasmania are
+Spring – Sep. ber Oct. ber Nov. ber
+
Summer – Dec. ber Jan. y Feb. y
+
Autumn – March April May
+Winter – June July August
+The climate generally speaking very closely as except they are not subject ill del. however during the months of Sept: & Oct: ber to heavy rains, though this year [1827] has been unusually dry. Summer is somewhat hotter, & during the prevalence of hot winds which do not however occur often, it is sultry & unpleasant in the extreme. This season in common with Spring is subject to morning frosts & the evenings are generally cool enough to make a fire agreeable. Autumn is by far the finest season here, but seldom oppressively so, in the middle of the day, whilst the mornings & evenings are delightfully salubrious. Winter too is here a pleasant time of the year, ill.del. with just enough cold to make it agreeable mornings & evenings, sharp frosts; latter months attended with more rain than ordinary; snow sometimes but of rare occurrence; this year it was in some places 18 inches deep, but it was unheard of before, to have it in such quantities.
From this similarity of climate I should be led to conclude that the seeds, bulbs, &c of flowers, shrubs, & trees & flowers of this country would require little artificial heat to rear them in the first instance, & after having attained some growth would for the most part stand the Winter in the warmest part of English Gardens.
Tasmania or Van Dieman’s Land. H.V. 1827.
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+I have made the addition you suggest, and have sent the Circular to the Printer, who will forward you a proof. I have only just found time to do it, trifling as my bit of work is. Order the printer to print as many as you think fit & Press to stand perhaps
+Ever yours most truly | John Phillips
+Available under license only
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+I have to thank you for the printed sermon received a few days back, as also for the lists of Hitcham Plants & specimens of types, tempting opportunities all, but especially the last, for going to press. I wish it were in my power to give you any assistance towards your school, which seems to be rising into greater importance, & likely to become more useful, under the care of your new teacher; – but you know how slender our means are just now for even providing the necessaries of the household. I doubt also if I can send you anything that would help in the way of your Report on typical specimens of Nat. Hist, which I had quite forgotten, till the arrival of your papers, you had been called upon to prepare; not having paid sufficient attention to any one particular department of Zoology, in its totality, i.e. in respect of all the forms which it embraces, as well foreign as British, – to be any fair judge of those which may be considered most typical.– I had a pleasant week at Oxford, during the Commemoration, – & on the occasion of laying the first stone of the new University Museums, which promise to be of a most comprehensive character, and likely to give a great impulse there to the study of the Natural Sciences. I hope we may soon see something like it rearing its head at Cambridge also, on the site of the old Botanic Gardens. –The most agreeable part of my visit, however, to Oxford was –the seeing of several friends whom I do not often come across, –more especially Sir W & Lady Hooker, & all the family; I was glad to hear from D r Hooker that Darwin, now that he [has:JSH] completed his great work on the Cirripeds (& what an elaborate work it is) was about to take up the vexed question of species, with all its collateral heads of inquiry, relating to hybrids & such like perplexing investigations.—May he find a path through what, in the present state of the science of Nat. Hist., seems a labyrinth of doubts & difficulties.
I am sorry that when I went to Cambridge in the Spring, I forgot to take with me the bones from Banwell Caves, for your Ipswich Museum, if worthy of it: but I will take care & keep them for you another time. I had a letter from Harriet this morning who seems enjoying herself at Brighton.—
+I added yesterday Fragaria Elatior (undoubtedly wild where I gathered it) to Babington’s Bath Flora: tomorrow our Club excursionize to Long-Leat
+Yrs affly | L. Jenyns
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+I am much obliged by your letters & lists. You have added several species to my Chislet list of Pleistocene species. With regard to your marine bed you seem to have a mixture which requires further examination. Some of the names you may find in my paper on the “Basement Bed of the London Clay” in which I describe these beds at Herne Bay. Since however that paper was written several of the species have been named & described & some others have been altered.
+With thanks | I remain, my dear Sir, |yours very truly | J. Prestwich J. r
+
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+Very many thanks for your excellent sermon which I have read with great pleasure & only wish all our clergymen were like you able & willing not only to instruct their hearers while in the Church in the truths of Religion, but to lead them in the fields to see & apply the endless proof around them of the wisdom & goodness of their Maker. Natural History, however, though sadly in need of more teachers like yourself, is making some progress. M. r Patterson President of the Belfast N.H. Society, sends news about a series of very admirable Zoological Diagrams he has had made for the Government Science & Art Department of the Board of Trade, drank tea with him on Monday & says seventeen thousand copies of his “Zoology for Schools” have been sold. As you possibly may not have seen a Notice of these Diagrams, I beg to enclose one of those he gave me.
I am | my dear Sir, |yours very truly | W. Spence
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+I did send you the List of the Committee (re typorum) viz Henslow, Phillips, Jardine, Babington (E Forbes), Balfour, Owen Hooker, Bowerbank, Berkeley, Johnston (Berwick), Huxley, Lankester. (£10. at dispatch of first-named. I very much wish to send suggestions, but we are just lifting masts & setting sail for the Puy de Dôme, 3 weeks abroad, & I really can not settle my mind to any thing else at present— It is quite in my mind to do so. Indeed it is necessary to do so. Perhaps we could meet at Glasgow in a Committee?
+Ever yours truly | John Phillips
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+Many thanks for the programme of the Hitcham Horticultural Show tomorrow. I wish I could be present.
+By some carelessness the botanical lists you sent me a fortnight ago have been lost –they came the day we left town for a week, & the servants I suspect mistook them for waste paper. Can you send me some more copies, as well as some more of the Bill of the Show of tomorrow? I think I might distribute them with advantage. Remember that packets of any weight come free to me if directed thus:
+Factories | H.M. Secretary of State | Home Department | London | L. Horner Esq.
+Wherever I am all letters are forwarded to me daily—I hope you are going to have an excursion with your flock this year.
+Our kind regards to Mrs Henslow—
+We are going to Charles Darwin’s next Monday for a few days, & on the 21 st I start for the North, & do not expect to be at home until the middle of September—
Your’s faithfully | Leonard Horner
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+I read the Programme you kindly sent me with great interest, seeing in imagination the delight of your wildflower nosegay makers & successful horticultural competitors, & indeed of all your parishioners old & young, from the new sources of information & topics of thought & causation, for which they must feel they are so deeply indebted to you. Would that all parishioners were thus taught to be “merry & wise” & had a like feeling that their pleasure & happiness are cared for by those above them! What a pleasure in prospect for how many weeks & to how many hearts the announced excursion to the Orwell!
+I regret that I have no contributions to offer to your Museum. I transfer all the Insects that came into my possession to the Entom. l Society, & I am not in the way of getting specimens in other departments of Natural History. I like much your plan of giving offhand lectures as you happily call them on a single object. I have long seen that the great defect of lectures is that they pour too much at once into the narrow neck of the receiving vessel so that more than half goes to waste. A lecturet on your Albatross that followed a ship 3000 miles, would be of more real use than a lecture of 2 hours on Ornithology generally. Believe me
My dear Sir | Yours most truly | W. Spence
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+On my return from a visit to the I. of Wight, I find your’s of the 18 th –the day I left town.
I fear you do not understand the facts of the case of my Museum, as you seem still to have some doubts about the sum of £3,000 being too much for it. Vast as it may seem, I have long held an order to receive it at any time; & museum auctioneers say it could not be valued under! This will relieve your mind of all doubt on the subject. It is not a question of money. It is a question of conservation. The Petitions will form the next part of the history of the transition or translation of the Collection. They will place the detractors in a disagreeable position, as the petitions are, I am told, signed by nearly 300! antiquaries and men of science.
+I am sorry you did not see the tree-coffin.
+Believe me | My dear Sir | Your’s very truly | C. R. Smith
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+You are very kind in thinking of me in relation to your chimpanzee; but the successive deaths of that species at the Zoological Gardens have already supplied me with materials for its anatomy: and your idea of having it stuffed for the Ipswich Museum might be at once carried out, if you have decided on your taxidermist.
+I have not time at present to enter into the Lond-case. Something of the sort reaches me annually.
+With kind regards to the family you are now with,
+believe me | sincerely yours | R.Owen
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+My long silence must have appeared to you quite inexplicable –the fact is that ever since I received your kind letter of the 15. th May, I have been utterly in want of leisure, and could not attend to correspondents without prolonging the delay, already too great, in the preparation of the sets of Mosses which they expected from me months ago –I have worked hard for a long time on these sets, but have only just completed the first ten sets, each containing 450 packets consisting of 404 specs with varieties –the task has been much more arduous than I anticipated—
Your set is now quite ready; but I think it best to ask how you would wish it to be sent – I have a similar set ready for C.C. Babington Esq. re & both might be sent under one cover to Cambridge; or shall I forward yours to M r Webb Esq re in London for you? – It makes no difference to me—
I was very sorry not to have been so fortunate as to see you when you were in Warrington – I had no time to spare when I passed through Liverpool at the time you were there; for 2 new species of Bryum had to be inserted in the Bryologia, & the Printer would not wait—The least delay would have produced inconvenience: indeed I had scarcely time to get everything ready for the work –which was then on the eve of publication-- I shall be glad to know that it gives you satisfaction after due scrutiny, and cannot but wish it were better deserving of the favourable opinion which you kindly express—
+The mode of remittance which is most convenient to yourself will be quite satisfactory to me: a cheque or order of any kind can be cashed by the Manch & Livl District Bank here—
+Pray excuse brevity; for I am still greatly pressed for time, & believe me
+Most truly & respectfully yours | W. Wilson
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+Appended to the following letter [164a]
+Flora of Charnwood Forest & the neighbourhood of Glenfield & Groots pool. Soil slightly sienitic rock & slate excepting near gracedilu which is carboniferous limestone.
+3 pages of specimens – needs transcribing
+I have several Duplicates of the Viola lutea & Chrysoplenium alternifolium from the neighbourhood of Ludlow, where also I found the Aconitum napellus growing in great abundance on the banks of a little stream called the “Letwycke” which runs into the Teme– Amongst the Mosses ill. del. found in this neighbourhood are the Trichostomum Lameginisum etc… & about 40 other different kinds–
Available under license only
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+I am not sure about your Worm you sent. But the usual bloodred worm found in Stagnant Water is the Summerwormer of
+Monfet Insecty.325 described by Trembley Blyth 98-99 105 147 to f2
+Bonnet Insectology y 208 to f2q.10
+Butere Polypes 62
+May Nat Hist (Loudons) v.387 VIII 620
+The Lumbricus tubifex Muller
+Soenurus tubifex Hoffmeister
+Tubifex ramulosum Lamk
+They have four rows of very very short bristles not [illeg] in your dry specimen
+I should like some in a Bottle of Spirit – Examine them well in a Microscope fresh as Dr Differs about the bristles & [illeg] &c
+Yours very truly | J E Gray
+Available under license only
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+I have only returned this day from Scotland, which will explain my seeming negligence—
+The parcel of Mosses shall be forwarded to M. r Webb Esq re this evening, or tomorrow, at the latest—
A cheque on a County Bank, if not payable in London may possibly not be convenient to be cashed through my Banker, but hitherto I have never experience any difficulty—
+A strong desire to render my sets of Mosses more nearly complete, has impelled me to revisit Ben Lawers, and at great sacrifice of bodily exertion, not to mention pecuniary outlay, I have succeeded in getting nearly all that I expected to find, but they are few in number— Hypnum reflexum, however is one, and though not in perfect capsule, is better than I expected, being furnished with young setae— For want of strength my movements were too slow to allow me to spend more than two hours about the summit on each of the three days that I spent there, & the weather was very unfavourable— one precious hour at least was devoted to the Cistopteris montana which I again saw in the same spot where it was found 19 years ago, and only there, for I had not time to go to the place where D r Balfour & his party have recently gathered it in plenty & in fruit; besides, I was more anxious to verify my former report in every particular, than to obtain specimens, though I should have been very glad to secure those also, and should have done so, if the weather on Saturday had been at all fit for the Mountain.
I shall be glad to send you the supplementary specimens of Mosses, when I have verified and dried them—
+I had hoped to improve my health by the excursion, but I fear I have rather injured it by over-exertion— the ascent of such a mountain as Ben Lawers three times, in one week, & in such unsuitable weather, is too much for me, even if the accommodation at the Inn were better than it is – a Scone and piece of cheese given me (out of pure charity I am sure) on the Mountain by two Gentlemen anglers who saw me emerge from the Mist long after Sunset was almost the only food that I could eat with appetite & enjoyment while there – Tea, Coffee, Bread &c all of inferior quality, and a Bed nearly as hard as a board—I was much more comfortable in the old homely thatched Inn kept formerly by the good old M. rs McNaughton, & the charges were considerably less—They are now fully equal to those of Commercial Inns in general, & therefore yet moderate, as compared with some with no better pretensions—
Believe me | Ever most truly & respectfully yours | W.Wilson
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+I thank you for the Reports which are very satisfactory, & I am glad to see that Miss Richardson gives so much satisfaction. I shall send the reports to our Master at Highgate, & will recommend him to consider whether to any extent your example can be followed there. The Committee of Council would do a great good if they sent 100 copies of your reports to every one of their Inspectors for distribution. There is nothing like an example! – If any thing comes in my way the least likely to contribute to your collection of useful objects I will bear you in mind.
+We came back a week ago and are likely to remain; so if you should come to town you are pretty sure to find us - & you know, I hope, how glad we should be to see you.
+If Lyell returns from Yorkshire tomorrow, as the Pertz’s are here from Berlin, and the Bunbury’s from Mildenhall, Mrs Horner & I will sit down to dinner tomorrow with our six daughters and our four sons in law, with the addition of our three grandsons at dessert – a joy and blessing to my wife and me, for which we cannot be too grateful to God. The Bunburys are on their way to Malvern-
+The Glasgow Meeting appears to have gone off capitally. Darwin enjoyed it much I hear. I have heard nothing of Hooker; suppose he is in Germany and M rs Hooker with you-
Give our kind regards to all your house & believe me
+faithfully yours
+Leonard Horner
+I see you have changed your post town-
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+I quite agree with you that the system of the Committee of Council on Education of refusing aid to places where it is impossible to raise their required preliminary sum is absurd & mischievous, for it leaves these places without any school worthy of the name that’s stand most in need of assistance. I have remonstrated against this in respect of the Factory districts again & again in vain. Their excuse is that if aid were granted without such a condition, all voluntary subscriptions would cease. That might be the case, at least to a considerable extent, but when the coil arises, the remedy should be applied. The best remedy would be, to give the Committee of Council power to order a rate to be levied when the voluntary sum was not forthcoming, the schools in all such cases to be practically and really free from all religious compulsion of any sort. There is I believe the means of getting some aid, by what is called the Capitation allowance & I believe your School would be entitled to it. You had better write to the Committee of Council on the subject.
+What you suggest would be most useful, to have a return of every parish not in receipt of any grant from the Committee of Education, & if you would draw up the Return wanted, there would be no difficulty in getting some Member to Move for it immediately on the assembling of Parliament. If a similar return could be got from the National Society it would be desirable to have it.
+I hope you got my letter of thanks for the reports you lately sent me;
+Ever faithfully yours | Leonard Horner
+Available under license only
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+My dear Sir
+Very many thanks for the report & Programme which I received at Sidmouth on my return leisurely homewards from a five months exploration en patrimonade with my son and grandson - the William Spences - of Cornwall & Devonshire, the Lands End, Dartmoor, the valley of the Tamar & Tavy etc. etc.
+I read the Report & Programme with great interest & heartily congratulate you on the gratifying success of your labours - for the slight [illeg] from every conceit & ingnorance you must have had all along & your going on year after year in spite of them when so many would have thrown up the whole thing in disgust, shows how truly you are the Man to have devised & carried out such admirable plans of teaching science & rural economy to the working classes. Your excellent idea of lecturettes instead of lectures I applied after my son left for the Br. Assoc n & to visit Sir W. Stewart (?), in giving my grandson some notions of geology from the Red Sandstone beds of Sidmouth & the flints without end - the remains of the chalk foundation strewing their surface all the way to Lyme Regis
An American Aloe at Penzance in the open ground of a cottage garden with a noble candelabrum - like a flowering stem 15 ft high & 4 to 5 inches diameter at the base, amply confirmed the mild character of the climate, but the winds are too violent to allow the trees & shrubs showing the same luxuriance of growth as at Torquay - truly the Italy of England - with villas 200 feet above sea level backed by full - grown Elms (not stunted & shorn as on our East Coast) & the houses as on the terraces have forground of Sweet Bay Arbutus etc. through which they see the sea, just as if used I used to admire so much in views of the Medditerranean (sic) in going from Nice to Genoa.
+ +Yours
+My dear Sir
+Yours very truly
+W. Spence
+ +Available under license only
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+Your lecture to M r Lovechild & M r Shrillchild & the whole tribe of fault-finders has taken so much with my friends that you must send me half a dozen or more copies: [illeg] Miss Frank’s carrier off yesterday into Hertfordshire:
We had M r & M rs Bentham here about a week week ago—great friends of D r Hooker to whom I gave an account of your doings in the way of address to the mothers [illeg]: are you not directing something to be set up from Playfairs at Marlboro House. What is it:
I think I sent you a notice of some lectures which a very clever schoolmaster in Hereford whom I am interested in is about to print merely to show you we are not idle:
+With kind regards to you & yours
+Believe me | my dear Henslow | very sincerely yours |Richd Dawes
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+I think the best thing you can do is to have your catalogues set up in slips 8 vo by Taylor & Co, as if for our Reports. They will understand, & it may save us something, & so be a source of credit to you & me. I will forward them to Mess rs Taylor.
How odd! To ask us for κοπρολιθικοι—Yet we have in the Museum many examples collected by Buckland—only I can hardly send them away, as the Collection though mine to arrange is not so to derange. No one else has any here. My sister thanks you much for kind recollections —so do I.— I will try to help in the Geological lists but the preparation of my ‘Manual’ costs me so much labour as to well nigh saturate my spirit of work.
+Ever yours truly | John Phillips
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+I had the pleasure of receiving your obliging letter yesterday, and hasten to assure you that I promise myself much gratification in the correspondence about to be established between us; and that you may rely upon my doing every thing in my power to assist your views. Most heartily glad I am that you are going to raise the standard of Botanical Science in a place where it has slept so long—
+I am not sure that I can give you any hints upon the subject of lectures that you will not have already attained. Like yourself I never attended a course of lectures on botany, and have only delivered a single popular course of 19 lectures. At the present moment however I am busied in composing a full course of 55 lectures, for next summer, which I mean to give independently of my popular one. The one chiefly for medical students, the other for “Ladies & Gentlemen”.
+The plan I have adopted is simply as follows.
+1. The nature of the subject– distinctions between plants & animals ?– for which the best work to consult is Lamarck’s Animaux sano…? (the introductory discourse).
+2. The utility of Botany and also of plants to mankind.
+3. History of Botany.
+4. Geography of Plants.
+5. Anatomy & Physiology of D o. Very useful articles are Anatomy Vegetable and Vegetable Physiology in Suppl. to Enc. Britannica by Dan. l Ellis. Consult also Dr A. Todd Thompson’s lect. On Bot. y (no.1. only published)
6. Terminology and internal characters.
+7. Classification.
+8. Cryptogamia – which I treat as a distinct subject.
+I believe I differ from much lecturers in treating of classification last, but it seems to me absurd to talk of classifying bodies whose characters we are not acquainted with. Those who are impatient I refer to my elementary work.
+After I commence with my desdecriptions of the external characters – of Roots Stems &c &c– I begin to demonstrate in the Classroom – even though all the terms should not be understood – a quarter of an hour at first, & afterwards half an hour of the lecture is thus occupied– 2–5 specimens are sufficient, but they should be as perfect as possible – even with roots if they can be had – and the demonstrations should be full regular descriptions – such as are in the Flora Londinensis which I have often copied for the purpose. For particular partspoints, as the corolla alone on the Calyx – of course I never gave more than that part. Allow me to suggest that the greatest possible assistance to a lecturer is derived from magnified colored drawings – I prepared 100 Elephant folio ones for my first course & shall have as many more. I had Sap vessels as thick as my arm– the Red Snow as large as Common Balls– the flower of Campanula rotundifolia 16 inches long and the rest in the same proportions. The principal forms of leaves I also delineated, & thus illustrated in the Classroom, subjects which are usually studied by means of books & very dry in the lecture room. I am now going to attempt to give some idea of the geographical distribution of plants by a Map of the World upon Mercator’s projection 10 or 12 feet square. (for my lectures)
I do not know that anything I have said will be of service to you– if not, I beg you will pardon the question I have indulged. Be so good as to inform me how parcels should be addressed to you – whether by London? I shall begin to make up a collection of Cryptogamia for you – In some things I am rich, in others poor; but you shall have all I can spare. In return I shall be glad to receive as many specimens as you please of the rarer Cambridgeshire plants – having numerous correspondents to whom they will be welcome abroad, & in some instances my own Herbarium is deficient. I will send a list of those I wish most in my first parcel.
+The Crypt. Flora I do hope to be be able to carry on another year at least. But it will cost me some money to do so.
I am | Dear Sir | yrs very truly | R K Greville
+Printed enclosures: Directions For Preserving Botanical Specimens and Musci Desiderati In Herbario Greviliano,—1825.
+
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+I have two Letters to thank you for. I am sorry that we did not see you while you were in this region, but I hope that the next time you come to town you will reserve a day for us, and if our spare-room is then unoccupied, which it is not at present, that you will give us the additional pleasure the longer stay & especially the talk at breakfast affords.
+I shall hope to hear from you when you have got an answer to your inquiry about the human jaw in the Chemists possession at Ipswich. I would give very large odds against its having any geological value. I should like much to hear your account of your visit to Paris.
+I am always glad to hear of your giving lectures to the rural population, for you can never fail to do good & make a lasting impression. I rejoice at the many instances we now have of persons of accomplishment & of influence in society coming forward in this way, and one of the good effects may be to create such a demand for instruction among the middle classes, as may lead to the permanent establishment of schools of a higher order open at such times as will suit the necessary engagements of that class of the people in their ordinary occupations.—Your diagrams for the Marlborough House establishment will be very valuable.
+I hope you have seen Lord John Russell’s lecture in Exeter Hall last week. It is in The Times copy of the 14 th—
Have you ever thought of giving a lecture on Ventilation and fireplaces? You might do much good—See Dr Arnott’s recent Book on this subject. I have just put up one of his grates in which the fuel is supplied from below, & so far as we have yet had experience of it, it answers well: more heat with less fuel than a common grate & no smoke.
+Our kind regards to M rs Henslow and all your circle
faithfully your’s |Leonard Horner
+Available under license only
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+I can assure you time does not lessen my interest in your Derly urns. This will make you smile. A discussion may yet be raised on them. From further evidence I am more disposed to think them earlier than I did sometime since.
+Faussett’s book is valuable for the vast collection of facts it contains; but it does not directly illuminate the Derly urns & those found by M. r Neville & others.
Cockneydom will not have a free library. Gin and porter carried the day.
+Your’s very truly |C R Smith
+Available under license only
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+I am glad that we have a prospect of seeing you soon, and I hope that you will not be unwilling to occupy our Bachelor’s bed [underlined & starred by JSH], as our larger room will be occupied for some time by my sister M rs Pouer from Paris. Give me as long notice as you can, that I may have a better chance of finding disengaged some of those you would like to see. It is very kind of you to say that you will visit our Highgate School, & the promise has given much pleasure to my daughter Susan, to whose energy that school owes its existence. I shall be glad to hear more in detail how you are coming on with all your benevolent & enlightened plans of civilization. I am placed in the unenviable position of seeing a vast extent of barbarism without the means of breaking up the waste, & bringing up the good soil which I know to exist. I was only within these few days costing up the number of children between 8 & 12 years of age employed in the factories in my district who are recognized to attend a school, for three hours on five days of every week, and they amount to 21,500. If there were good schools within their reach, what a vast amount of good might be done; but I am satisfied that not more than a fifth of them get any really useful & valuable instruction. The want of good schools is the more to be deplored when I see not only what can be made of these “half-timers”, under a really efficient Master, but how willing [the:JSH] parents are to send their children when they find that they are well taught.
I do not believe that it is worth while to make any further inquiry about the human jaw; had such a thing been found in any position that appeared remarkable to the half informed, it would have been known to some members of your Ipswich Museum—But I shall inform my friend of the result of your inquiry—
+Our kind regards to all at the Rectory.
+Faithfully yours | Leonard Horner
+Available under license only
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+You will, I think, be interested to hear, that I am on a deputation to see the Lord Chancellor, on Thursday next, the 13 th instant, about a good Cambridge University Reform bill.—The deputation had an interview, today with Lord Palmerston, but as the Lord Chancellor is the person, who has, especially charge of the measure, he is the practical authority about modifications.—
We consider that there ought to be a good commission with reference to the bill, with plenty of power, and that Masters of Arts should be allowed to be on the Senate, without religious tests.—The principal difficulty, I find, is the arrangement of a separate divinity board for the instruction of candidates for holy orders.—The chapel service ought to be reviewed by a Commission, so as to make it suitable for students of different religious denominations. I hope you still retain your good reforming views about Cambridge.
+yours very sincerely |James Heywood
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+I merely wish to place before you facts which evidently you have never known; – not to bias your judgment, or attempt to influence it. The £3,000 was named by me as the cost price. I did not set the value of 3,000 on it. One of the valuations that I made was as high as £6000! – I was offered & am still £3000–; but the dispersion would result. People must draw their own conclusions; – but the public (of respectability & antiquarians) has never more boldly spoken against cliquism & Flunkeyism than in this case: – These are 300 to 1! The dreary Trustees were in no way driven by the newspapers! Whoever has suggested this absurd notion has been misled.
+But within 10 days after I made the offer, ere these Trustees (see their names!) pronounced articles were written & published depreciating the Collection!! Of course we know (I do certainly), whence came these feelers & probers of the public pulse. The late valuation does not settle the matter by any means! It would have done so had it gone against me!
+The coin you allude to was exhibited (in a cast) at the last Numismatic Society’s meeting.
+There is ‘a job’ I see going on in the Isle of Wight in which Sir R. Murchison (one of the Faussett Saxon antiquities’ judges!!) is to play a part! Our country is the hot-bed of all sorts of inconsistencies.
+Your’s very truly | C Roach Smith
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I sent you of yesterdays post a Copy of a little work “on the Geography of Plants” of which I consented to be called the Editor.
+As my Editorial office however has not extended beyond writing the Preface and undertaking a general survey of the Contents, I may venture to speak of it as the composition of another person, & to recommend to you as written in an agreeable & [illeg] manner
+Allow me to add the best wishes of this season to yourself M. rs Henslow & Family[.] We shall I hope meet at Cheltenham in August, although I have in vain attempted to get the Committee to put Monday instead of Wednesday after commencement & business : how inconvenient it is for many to stay over Sunday & break in upon two weeks
Believe me | very truly yrs | C Daubeny
+Available under license only
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+Taking, as I intended, a final review of the Ipswich Museum Crag fossils before fulfilling your last wish of sending them by rail, in order to see that their names were attached, I was stimulated to make another effort to get beyond the generic name, in regard to Rhinoceros, Sus & Cervus: I have, in part, succeeded, and indeed so far, as to lead me to put together all my researches on the Crag fossils since the old Meeting of the Br. Assoc at Ipswich, in the form of a paper for the Geol. Soc., which paper I finished & sent in last Saturday night. I will let you know as soon as the night for reading the paper is appointed: it would be desirable to exhibit the fossils at that Meeting, after which there shall be no further delay in their return to Ipswich. I have often wished to have from you a brief statement of the circumstances which led to so interesting a practical & most profitable application of what at first seemed to be a purely scientific discovery, in regard to the fossils of the Red Crag—
+What is its greatest known thickness, & horizontal extent? I hope I am not unduly trespassing on time pledged to more important purposes by these questions
+Believe me | ever truly your’s | Richard Owen
+Available under license only
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+Your letter reached me here this morning on my way to Cheltenham[.] I am taking my eldest boy to school there so this note must be short but on my return I will write you again – The Red crag is of very uncertain thickness as you are aware –according to my observation it attains its greatest thickness about Alderton-Bawdsey & Sutton where its average thickness is from 20 to 30 feet I should say while if you take the average thickness of the whole formation I should say ten feet would be a fair average—It is however difficult accurately to average so irregular a formation deposited evidently in the same way the shoals of sand are now deposited off the mouths of the Rivers & bays of the East Coast—It extends in patches from Walton in the Naze in Essex to Aldeburg in Suffolk along the coast—just fringing the coast in patches & extending from five to fifteen miles inland—Ipswich appears about its extreme limit inland[.] The current is not always in the same direction but as far as I have been able to judge is in general from the South East as I find that where the London Clay tilts up to the North West there the Coprolite lodges in greatest patches—I have no doubt that in particular spots the debris of the red crag has been carried inland much further than I have stated as at Stowmarket in boring some Crag was gone through in which a nodule of Coprolitic phosphate was found and on Rushmere heath in sinking a well I found at the bottom of the sand a deposit of Crag about three feet thick— I shall have the pleasure of seeing you at Ipswich on the 19 th prox o. at your lecture at Ipswich & before then will send you my opinion of quantity raised annually which I think is somewhere about 10,000 to 12,000 Tons a year including Cambridge diggings. I am aware of the deposit D. r Fitton talks about but the nodules contain so much carbonate of Lime that it is not available for decomposing at least not while Cambridge and Suffolk Coprolite is to be had in such abundance[.] This is the case with the whole Coprolite deposit of the South East line of junction of the Gault & Green sand— It is at this particular line of junction these nodules almost invariable occur—In the Isle of Wight there are millions of Tons but there as the Carbonate is 40 per Cent & Phosphate only 25 to 40 per Cent it is quite useless for mercantile purposes at present—I suppose some way ought be hit upon to get rid of the Carbonate without decomposing it with Sulphuric Acid if not it can never be of any use for agricultural purposes -- -- You are aware that a large seam of Apatite has been found in Norway-- M. r Laws has just received about 2.000 Tons it yields 90 per cent phosphate & is found in much the same state as that at Estramadara. My boy is just in to say the train is in sight so I leave this to be posted & in haste
remain | Yours very truly | W. Colchester
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+I ought, ere this, to have expressed the sympathy which I felt with you on hearing of your loss, and the regret that I should, unconsciously, have intruded on you in that moment.
+Your kind answer relative to the Red Crag includes mainly what I was in quest of. I am preparing a Course of Lectures on Fossil Mammalia for the College this Spring.
+If your Mammoth’s jaw is entire, with both rami (?), & the joints perfect, £5 would not be too much.
+Every degree of mutilation lowers, almost in a geometrical ratio, the money value. You will see, therefore, that the specimen should be seen, or a sketch sent, to enable me to give a nearer answer.
+Believe me | Ever your’s truly | Richard Owen
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+I have been confined to the house for the last fortnight – but Dr Bond gave directions that a printed notice should be forwarded to you, at the beginning of the week, of the Nat. Sc. Tripos for this year.
+Least you should not receive this, I write to say that the Exam n will begin in the Senate House at 9 o’clock on Monday March 1. Tuesday is the day appointed for Physiology & Botany (4 th).
Yrs very truly | Wm Clark
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+I have received from Dr. Williams our Professor of Botany the following replies to your Queries
+There are 3 Acres of Grounds within the walls but in the whole Garden about 5 Acres– That within the walls is the parts now especially appropriated as a Botanic Garden.
There is one old, small, and very inferior hot house and three Greenhouses, the two best of which are about 30 feet in length.– The third & most ancient one is but little used
+The Salary of the Curator is 60 p. ann. which D r. W. thinks too low.– He has likewise a house.
The number of men employed is small – 3 or 4 – with occasional extra assistance may be stated as about the mark.–
+The whole annual expenditure varies from £230 to £280, which is insufficient–
+The funds are derived from property left to the University, with assistance from the University Chest and from the Exchequer.–
+The Ground is the property of Magdalen College but is let at a nominal rent
+believe me | dear Sir | Yrs. very assuredly | C. Daubeny
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+I am indeed very sorry that circumstances beyond my control prevented my having the pleasure of being present at your lecture at Ipswich Last Tuesday—
+I should have written you but up to the last moment I was in hopes I should be able to get away – I could not however have given you any further information so the loss is all on my side[.] I hope that the Newspapers will have a long abstract – I often think what great results have proceeded from your selecting the little village of Felixstow for one of your seashore rambles and of the hundreds of people your discovery has provided with an industrious occupation to the labouring poor of the district it has indeed been a blessing furnishing them with abundance of work just at the season they most require it – I am sorry that you have not reaped any pecuniary benefit from your discovery – Great mental satisfaction you must feel
+I remain dear Sir | faithfully yours | W. m Colchester
Available under license only
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+It would be better I think to use ‘Lithology’ for Mineralogy on your first slip page – and Paleontology to include Botanical & Zoological Divisions – I shall send you some hints
+J. Phillips
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+It must have been my sudden application of the Spur which made the steed throw off those 50. I thought it better to get some into your hands. They would do well enough for a first envoi. You have only to order as many as you like, & when you like, of Copies when adjusted. But I don’t quite fancy the supplying them exact to our members (B.A.) gratis – we can not sell them.
+Sir John Richardson is a judicious Mammalogist. So is G.R Waterhouse of the British Museum. In
+the Amphipoda
+Isopoda
+Lonodipoda
+(Crustacea)
+(not in your proof))
+Mr Westwood (J.O.Westwood)
+Insecta generally – Westwood
+I suppose Dr Gray of the B. Museum would be good in Reptilia – Bill
+Echinodermata – Dr Wright of Cheltenham, perhaps
+Ever yours truly | John Phillips
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+A young friend of mine in Kent has brought me a wasp’s nest built upon a bough. It may probably be acceptable to some one of the institutions with which you are connected. If so, it will be given as you may recommend.
+M. r Dawson Turner & I were talking of you yesterday. He desires me to say he should be happy to see you at Old Brompton whenever you may be on a visit to London.
The Faussett volume is almost completed, I am rejoiced to say.
+The medical men advise me to leave London; and I am seriously contemplating taking their advice, which accords entirely with my own feelings.
+Believe me, | my dear Sir, | yours very truly, | C. Roach Smith
+Available under license only
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+I had your first note but as I expected Mr Sclater here in a day or two I did not reply until he came, your other note came last night – and the Slip of the birds is now returned with one or two alterations—Mr Sclater has taken Gray’s arrangement as one accessible & used in the Br. Mus. & whatever one’s own Ideas may be it is perhaps better for your purposes to take a published system than to draw up an M.S. one according to particular views—The actual or original type also is sometimes sacrificed to introduce one from the British list—the Plates for reference can scarcely be introduced here from want of references, when printed if you will send me a copy I shall add the references to good figures when I get home, & which will serve you on any other occasion. I have not made any remarks on the other parts of the proof as you mention having received the proof sheets.
+We have been here since November but return to J. Hall about the end of next month—address here for a month and believe me
+very sincerely yours | Wm Jardine
+My note to you from Glasgow was written hurriedly. I don’t recollect what was therein. I suppose I addressed Cambridge as a certain find not having my address book with me
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+I thank you for your ever friendly sympathy.
+In relation to our venerable friend I have no doubt you know more than I do. I always fancied the fear of losing money was the greatest cause of the alienation of the other affections.
+You are aware (perhaps not) that the consistency of my Museum is preserved; but what is to me of infinitely greater worth, I preserve my own. No one has said more than I have on the impropriety & frivolity of gathering up things without an object, & then dispersing them for profit, or in the necessity of death. I have always openly repudiated this narrow minded & trading spirit so universal & I should stand reproved were I to permit what is entirely scientific to go to feed the capricious taste of selfish collectors, by a public auction. Also, for the same reason, I at once rejected the liberal offer of £3000 made by my friend L. d Londerburgh. The collection must now be preserved; but I regret we could not have a place built for it in the City. What a pity it was none of the rich and “fat and greasy Citizens” had friends to tell them how they might have got credit by saving it when it was found!
Dr Gray seemed glad to get the Wasps’ nest.
+I am much obliged by the printed paper. It is very soothing to see a clergyman thus mixing in offices of kindness & instruction with his parishioners. It is a noble contrast to the low pride that keeps them generally to their own little circle, floating in a position undefined, unsatisfactory & inconsistent.
+Believe me, | my dear Sir, | your’s very truly, | C Roach Smith
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+I have just decided upon coming forwards as a Candidate for the Registrarship of the Univ. y of London; and I venture to think that I shall be able to bring forwards ample evidence of my fitness for the post, in regard to my acquaintance with Educational matters -— general, as well as special, — and my business habits. But as there are several other highly qualified Candidates, with some of whom (as Cambridge men) your sympathies are likely to be strong, and as I know that they are already taking steps to obtain support from Members of the Senate, I am anxious not only to inform you thus early of my intention to become a Candidate, but also to state some of the special claims which I conceive myself to have for the appointment.
As a Nonconfrmist, I am one of the Class for which the University of London was specially created. Had it been in existence twenty years ago, I should have taken my degree (I venture to think with Honours) in it. My two brothers are both graduates in it (in Arts). Excluded from the honours & rewards of Oxford and Cambridge, I feel the strongest desire that the Univ. y of London should be brought into honourable rivalry with them, by the fullest development of its resources; and all my sympathies would induce me to do my utmost to promote its interests.
Would it not, then, be a little hard, if, after twenty years of ill-renumerated labour in the promotion of Public Education, I should not be considered as having some preferential claim—other qualifications being supposed equal, — to the only office in the University of London to which any tolerable emolument is attached?
+I do not ask for your support, however, either on this ground, or on that of our long personal acquaintance, unless you should honestly regard me as at least equally qualified for this Office with other Candidates whose eminence I am as ready as any one to admit.
+Believe me to be, Dear Prof. r Henslow
Yours faithfully | William B. Carpenter
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+Though I have seen one of your circulars before I received the one you sent to me the other day, I have not replied to it, not from any unwillingness to assist you but because a few words from a systematic zoologist like Owen render any suggestions from such as me superfluous—
+With regard to types of Mammals, our native species are so few, that a local museum might well have them all, as the group where there are two or three examples of a genus or order would give the student information as to the principles of arrangement not only into orders but into smaller divisions—
+Mammals are divided by Agassiz into
+1. Carnivorous
+2. Herbivorous
+3. Cetaceans—
+These groups are too large for the purposes of instruction & each can be subdivided by their modes of progression, & it will be found that the limbs & teeth have a certain agreement in their variation—
+The mere exhibition of stuffed specimens conveys little information and I should in a popular museum, substitute for them in the class of mammals skulls and skeletons of the limbs, preserving to the latter the claws or hoofs but separated a little from the bones as being parts of the dermic skeleton. The maxillary & mandibular bones of the skulls should be particularly opened to show the roots of the teeth—A series of such preparations of our native mammals would convey much instruction. The tarsal or pastern bones of the ruminants with their two complete toes and two rudimentary ones would contrast well with the toes of a wild cat, formed for prehension – and with the fin-like fore limbs of a dolphin & rudimentary pelvis without appendages. All that would be gained by adhering to prominent examples of our divisions (all more or less artificial) can be obtained by conspicuous labels, over a group of specimens illustrating that division—This seems to be the best way with respect to mammals—
+While I agree with Owen in that the Creator formed all living things in past ages, as well as in the existing order of things, according to a plan and that an endeavour to discover parts of that place is a legitimate exercise of the intellect I think that what in common language is called a “type” must vary according as the group artificially gathered together by the naturalist is more or less extensive— Every species is exactly fitted for the part it is to play in the existing fauna of the word and when we attempt to class the species that we know, by marked differences of the teeth for instance or the limbs or by combinations of these we obtain groups differing very greatly in the number of their species.
+Owens idea of a type of the vertebrates is a very different thing, being ideal and intended to show how the limbs or appendages belonging to the several sections of the vertebral column may be increased or diminished, or changed in position without associated change of character—
+The skeleton of a Congereel of a snake of a frog, of a raven, and of a dog would show the bony framework of the five divisions of vertebrats well enough—To illustrate the mammals you might have
+The great eared bat— Insect.
+The cat— Carniv.
+The hare— Rodent.
+The cow— Rum.
+The dolphin— Cetac.
+But as I said in the beginning of my note, the specimens of mammals would not be too numerous were you to include all the native species you can easily procure.
+For instruction to a rural population I should consider the skulls & limbs of the different breeds of cattle & horses very useful—and if fossil skulls or tarsal bones of the species to be found in the tertiary deposits can be added so much the better—two of the finest fossil skulls of the Bos primigenius that I have seen are preserved in a Museum at Keswick, dug up in the Neighbourhood. The wild oxen & bisons are larger than the domesticated ones, but there is no such difference of size between fossil & existing horses, the modern breeds as far as I have seen being if anything bigger
+Yours faithfully | John Richardson
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+Your letter of the 21 st of March followed me here & I have been so much occupied that day after day I have had self reproaches for allowing it to remain so long unacknowledged. I thank you for remembering to let me see the continued progress & success of your unremitting & invaluable labour for the welfare of your flock. I wish I knew anyone in this region whom I could rouse to an imitation of what you have done & are doing. The town clergy must work in other directions, & I scarcely know one of those in the rural districts. I think the Bishop of Manchester would be very likely to know some who would take to such a course of welldoing, & I think that he would give every encouragement to it. I wish I could be the means of bringing you & him together, that you might tell him what you do & how you do it. He tells me he is not likely to be much in London this season, as he has the Bishopric of Durham also on his hands at present; but if I find him in Town I will let you know.
The rejection of Lord J. Russell’s education resolutions is what I expected. I wonder how any one takes the trouble to bring the subject forward in parliament, for let a man propose what he may, he is sure to be defeated by the one party or another. When things have got so bad that the country will be in a fright, something will be done, not sooner.
+I expect to be again in town in the course of a Month, but before that to spend the first week of May at Mildenhall. M rs Horner & our daughter Joanna are here and write in best regards to yourself and M rs Henslow. The Hookers we got a good account of yesterday, as there was a large party of Lyells at Kew last week— Much praise of Willy—
Your’s faithfully | Leonard Horner
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+I quite appreciate the difficult position in which you are placed among so many rival claims, and do not wish to urge my own to the exclusion of those of any of the others Candidates—still I think I may say that if one of your friends at least (I refer to Hooker) had been aware that I was in the field, he would not have applied to you in behalf of Latham. I feel sure that you will give a fair consideration to the qualifications of all the Candidates, should you determine upon attending the Election; and I venture, therefore, to ask your perusal of the first two pages of the accompanying Report of University Hall for the year 1833, which records the circumstances under which I came to hold my present position. The Council of the Hall, at its Meeting last Thursday, kindly offered me the strongest Testimonial in its power, as to my general Educational knowledge and experience, my habits of business and my fidelity in the discharge of duties undertaken. Finding, however, that I thought it preferable to fall back on the perfectly spontaneous testimony contained in the Report,the Council authorized me to state that the experience of three subsequent Lessons has fully realized the anticipations therein expressed at the end of the first.
I cannot but hope that my exertions for the promotion of public Education may be felt by you as strengthening my other claims upon the appointment. I have never spared either time or labour, where any path of usefulness has been opened to me. Since I had last the pleasure of meeting you, I conducted the Examination for Lord Ashburton’s Schoolmaster’s prizes for a knowledge of “Common Things”; which altogether took me at least a week’s work; and I have given up a great deal of time in obtaining for the Society of Arts the cheap and good Microscope now to be had of them.—I feel sure that you will not forget all this, if the case should happen that you feel yourself at liberty to serve me
+Believe me to be, dear Prof Henslow
+yours faithfully | William B. Carpenter
+Available under license only
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+I am really ashamed when I look at your unanswered letter & see it dated the 11 th January.– As I doubt whether I should be able to offer an apology at all satisfying to you, tho’ it may be somewhat soothing to my own conscience, I shall keep it entire for application in that quarter where its virtues are most likely to be medicinal, (for to say truth they are not strong enough to bear division) & shall proceed directly to answer, as this I can, your queries– We have in the Botanic Garden here about 11½ Scotch acres. The Scotch acre is one fifth, or one 6 th–, I forgot which, longer than the English. We have one range of nursing pits, I believe about 70 feet long; one range 15 feet high in the back wall, & 15 wide, & 100 long, divided equally with three houses, viz a stove & two green houses; & lastly we have a range of 4 detached houses, the two nearest the centre are I think 50 feet long each, 18 feet in the back wall, 7 feet in the front & 18 feet wide, & the two at the ends are t 40 feet long
I think 15 feet in the back wall, & the two first of these 4 Stoves 5 feet long in the front, the width 18 feet– The two first of these 4 stoves, the others greenhouses. This, excepting some hot beds, is all the glass we have:– a great deficit is the want of two loftyhouses, the one for green house, the other for stoveplants. The fixed salary of the Curator is £100; he has besides some fees from the students attending my lectures, which vary with the number of these, but may be taken at £50– The number of under Gardeners varies with the season. We cannot afford a sufficient number, but ought not to have less than 12.– The Botanic Garden is Royal Property, partly supported by the Crown, partly by the Incorporation of the City, & in great part I am sorry to say out of my own pocket. The whole allowances made to me are £444 per annum & we are starving, tho’ I subscribe, to prevent our going to ruin, ab t £200 per annum– I hope these answers to your queries will be thought by you sufficiently explicit. I shall have singular satisfaction in explaining to you every thing in detail when we visit the Garden itself, after our first trip together to the highlands–
Believe me yours most truly | Rob. t Graham
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+I am obliged by your letter, and do not wonder at your feeling embarrassed among so many contending claims—My own belief is that the contest will be, at last, between Heaviside & myself. Latham will have, perhaps, in the first instance, some of the literary & some of the medical support; but I feel pretty sure of the bulk of the latters, and am not without hopes of some of the former. M r Grote has given John Mill to understand that he will support me, if in England; and the Bishop of Durham has promised Sir John Forbes to vote for me if he can attend the Election.
I suppose I misunderstood Playfair about Latham; I thought he said that he had got Hooker to write to you in his behalf.
+I feel my chief point of inferiority to be, that I have not got a Cambridge or Oxford degree. This, of course, is not my fault rather my misfortune than my fault; and in order to remedy it, and to justify my appeal to my works as evidence of qualifications, I have asked one or two friends of high standing in both each University to state their opinion regarding this point. I happened to know that Sir J. Herschel had read my “Comparative Physiology” as he spoke to me about it the last time he attended the Philosophical Club; and I enclose a copy of a letter I have just had from him. I hope for a letter to the same purport from Thomson (the Provost of Queen’s Coll. Oxford) and perhaps from Jowett. The former has read my Human Physiology, and I believe that the latter is acquainted with the psychological portion of it.
Believe me to be, Dear Prof. Henslow
+yours faithfully | William B. Carpenter
+Addition of a letter Add.8177/69(ii) (not dated) from Sir J.F.W. Herschel to Dr W.B.Carpenter, copied in the hand of W.B. Carpenter:
+“My Dear Sir
+I know not what the special qualifications may be, which are looked for in a Candidate for the Registrarship of the University of London, but if one of them be scientific eminence of a high order, founded on the production of one of the best, if not the very best, works existing on a
Though far from competent to estimate at its full value your elaborate work on General and Comparative Physiology, I consider myself fully so to appreciate the philosophical views and generalizing spirit, as well as the logical and scholarlike habits of thoughts which are displayed in that work, especially in the recent enlarged edition; and I have not a doubt that the same powers of mind and the same application which have enabled you to produce such a workbook, would have ensured you arriving at the most distinguished Academic Honours, had your career commenced at either of the Universities.
Allow me to add the assurance of my very high personal esteem and regard; and also that if you consider this letter as likely to be of use to you in your canvass, it is quite open to you to make it so
+Believe me, Dear Sir
+Yours very truly
+J.F.W. Herschel”
+PS. I cannot help adding, to correct an impression which you may have in common with others, that, successful as my principal works have been, they have paid me very little. I have for the most part received only from £100 to £150 for each edition of my largest books; and for the third edition of my Comparative Physiology – which was a volume of 1150 pages, and occupied all my disposable time for two years, I did not receive one farthing, having done the work as a labour of love, in order that the book publisher might spend £350 in illustrations. It does not answer to print a larger edition of any such book, than will sell in three or four years, since it otherwise becomes old and is superseded by some other. I find that it is currently supposed that I make £600 or £800 a year by my books; I have certainly not received an average of £150 for the last few years.
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+I have desired Messrs Longman to send you by rail 6 Copies of a cheap Ed. n I am bringing out of our Introduction “at price cost & under” one of which I will thank you to accept yourself & to present another in my name to the Ipswich Museum, leaving the remaining Copies for prizes at your next Hortic .l. Exhibition, or as you think best. As my object is simply making Entomological comments you can’t go wrong. You will see that I give plenty for the money — 40 hours’ tough reading (as I know from each stint having taken me just an hour’s reading when correcting the proofs) for 5/.
I am | my dear Sir | yours very truly | W. Spence
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+As I have ventured, in my application for the Registrarship, to appeal to my published writings “as affording evidence of scholarly attainments and logical training at least equal in validity to that of an Academical degree” I beg to call your attention to the testimony upon the point with which I have been favoured by three Gentlemen whose competency as judges cannot be questioned, and who speak from intimate acquaintance with my principal works.
+To this I have thought it well to add the unsolicited expression of opinion as to my services to Medical Science and Literature, which has recently appeared in a Journal of high repute in the Profession, and altogether beyond any influence of mine.
+Believe me to be, dear Prof. H.
+yours faithfully | William B. Carpenter
+Available under license only
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+D. r William Bell, (well known to me) is a Candidate for the office of Registrar to the University of London.
I believe him particularly well qualified. He was once a wholesale Minter; then a Merchant in Berlin (I believe.) He is an excellent linguist, & his manners are good; & his character good also.
+I hope you have received the Saxon work.
+I am, | my dear Sir | Respectfully yours, | C Roach Smith.
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+You come on Monday – so far so good. But at what hour & how many? I hope three, or more if you can muster—But if only two can come; we must have an express arrangement for that number in my house, you at any rate must bundle off at night to the deanery, I hope you will remain all the week
+Ever yours| A Sedgwick
+P.S. Pray answer the question by return Post— my love to the two lasses
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+I am in communication with M r Barthropp of Cretingham Rookery nr Woodbridge relative to placing with him as a farm pupil my third son.
Do you happen to know any thing of him as a practical Farmer. He is a member of the Council of the Royal A Society of England.
+Since I last wrote to you I have again after 14 years Exile in the Isle of Man got settled in England having held the Mastership of this School for the last year & a half.
+I have more chance now of occasionally seeing my friends as we have rail communication to all parts, being on the direct line from London North.
+Believe me Dear Sir | very faithfully yrs | J G Cumming
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+M r Spence has forwarded me your letter to him of the 2 nd inst, from which I am pleased to perceive what progress you have made in teaching your Village Children to recognize & group the wild flowers of your neighbourhood.
I should be very glad of a copy of the list of Hitcham plants—
+As M r Spence seemed to think that “June” would be useful as a Prize for your pupils, I have much pleasure in forwarding you 3 copies to be used for that, or any other purpose to which you think they can advantageously be put.
I have unfortunately never been able to attend the meeting of the British Association, & find that pressure of business will again detain me in town when the meeting at Cheltenham is on
+Believe me | Dear Sir | yours very truly | H. T. Stainton
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+As I knew M r. Stainton would be gratified by reading your approval of his remarks on female education, I took the liberty which you will excuse of sending him your letter, which he has returned with thanks & tells me he has written to you for one of your lists of Hitcham plants. Of this—I shall be also glad of one, or two or three if you can spare them, & I trust you will not let the striking success of your mode of infusing a love for Botany into Common Minds, be lost to the World, but that you will publish it in a cheap form so as to stimulate other clergy-men to follow your example & show them the way of setting about it, of which at present even the best-disposed are quite ignorant. You are in fact the only man that has worked out this important social problem, & you will leave your work bur half done, if you don’t tell other how to solve it.
It is quite enough, if in addition to trying out the general outline of your excellent plan of a typical arrangement of Museums, you yourself supply what belongs to your own department, & I am glad that Prof. Huxley & other Zoologists are coming forward to assist in carrying out the idea.
+I beg your acceptance of a duplicate Copy (sent by today’s post) of W. Wollaston’s Work on Variation of Species—an enlarged summary of the facts & reasoning on this head in his admirable Insecta Maderensia. This I long since urged him to give in a paper to the Linnean Transactions, but he has done better in publishing it as a distinct work.
+I rather hoped to have seen you at the Lord Mayor’s Scientific dinner at the Mansion House on Wednesday, but was disappointed. Every thing went off extremely well.
+I am | my dear Sir | yours very truly | W. Spence
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+With reference to your complaint of the loss of two letters, I beg you will give me the particulars in the enclosed forms, in order that I may have enquiry made into this case. This enquiry, however, shall be made confidentially if you wish it.
+For the satisfaction of the Department it is right that in cases of this nature enquiry should be made. I hope therefore that, in future, you will send me without delay the particulars of any letter which may be missing, for which purpose I send you half a dozen spare copies of the Forms issued for this purpose—
+Yours faithfully | Rowland Hill
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+I was much obliged by for your letter of June 15 th, with the Lists of Hitcham Plants, & have read with much interest the Notice in the last number of the Gardener’s Chronicle—
The children who can answer such questions & that not by rote shew an advanced state of Education; & any means that could be devised of promoting the diffusion of such knowledge must have a beneficial influence upon the recipients of it.
+Your programme of next Wednesday’s doing accompanying your letter of yesterday is now before me & has afforded me much pleasure
+Believe me, my dear Sir | yours very sincerely |H. T. Stainton
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+I owe you more thanks than I shall attempt to express for the friendly promptitude with w. ch you have so effectively assisted my views; & not less for the very kind manner in w. ch you communicate the good intelligence. I feel much gratified by the Bishop’s message showing so decidedly his favourable intentions towards me . I suppose Mr. Shaw will write when I am appointed, & tell me when the Latin letter is to be sent him
You will be sorry to hear my scheme for visiting the Canaries and Cape Verdes is knocked up. Mr Davis who made the proposal has rec. d instructions from Government to proceed without delay to the West Indies & South America. This he is to do the first opportunity; though when I first told him I was at liberty to accept his offer, I was in hopes he w. d still have found it the former plan practicable.
I shall be on the look out however, & all events Teneriffe and the neighbouring Islands here are accessible, if no better occasion offers. Meantime I shall have plenty on my hands here. The Island is very extensive & from the nature of the surface requires much time & careful examination. The Ravines & places in the interior favourable for botanizing are so difficult to access that I am but just beginning to enter upon the most promising part of my ground. The Mollusca here (though the marine are very difficult to procure) are very interesting; I speak particularly of the land. In an excursion to the North & up Pico Ruivo I discovered last week Helicarion Cuvieri in tolerable abundance. Most of the Helices are new.– I shall have a packet of Plants for you shortly, but I sh. d like to hear from you first whether I shd. not direct them to some friend of y rs.in Town who w. d himself get them from the Docks, where there is often delay & in case of Plants injury. Pray send me word how I ought to direct a Box to the Cam: Phil: Soc:, that is if you think one of the splendid Spec. ms that are got here of Garganica verrucaria w. d be acceptable. As for Mineralogy, there is nothing to be seen but Lavas and Tufas. At Porto Santo though, the Limestone contains most curious shells; & if Mr Bulwer has not already stocked y. r market with a supply of Fossilized wood & shells from Canical, I shall be able to send the Society a very interesting collection.
My kind regards to Mrs. Henslow not forgetting little Fanny.
+Believe me | Y. rs most sincerely | R. T. Lowe.
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+There is no immediate hurry for any comments or suggestions about Botanical Apparatus. The List will go to Press now very nearly as it is but it can be altered from time to time, say every three months. So that when ever you can help us with hints towards a definite system of teaching, or towards a complete set of apparatus, we shall be glad to avail ourselves of what you recommend.
+When next I come to Hitcham I will challenge all the Parish to Trap Ball & beat them all Rector included. I am practicing…. hours a day for the purpose
+yours very truly |F. Temple
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+Very many thanks for the lists of plants & Programme of your Show, which if I were ten years younger I would run down to Hitcham to have the gratification of seeing, but though I must deny myself this pleasure, I shall see in imagination the happy faces of your young competitors & the large amount of instruction & enjoyment which your exertions will diffuse through your parish.
+I am delighted with your account in the Gardener’s Chronicle of the way in which you have brought about these admirable effects. The details you give with those to follow are previously what I felt to be so essential for enabling other clergymen to imitate your example, & when completed in the Chronicle & published as I trust they will be in a separate volume, they cannot fail to have this result, for though with D. r Lindley I see but too clearly how few are competent to do what you do, yet there must be many Clergymen with the desire & a sufficient knowledge of Botany to make a beginning in the same path where you have so clearly shown them the road, & nothing is more certain than that bread thus thrown on the water will be found again one day by others.
I am |my dear Sir | yours most truly | W. Spence
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+I am most glad to be allowed to reciprocate your friendly mode of address. The fewer formalities the better among those who heartily esteem & sympathize with each other—
+I must ask you to rewrite your Report according to the accompanying formula; as the Reports are preserved, folded together uniformly. You seem to have had but a poor lot this time; I fancy that some of your country girls would have beaten the young gentlemen hollow—
+When you are up again next week, I shall ask you what you would like me to bring for you from Arran. I shall go down with a great armamenture, and can pretty well ensure a good many things which the Museum at Ipswich may be glad of; but I should be glad also to serve you, by any contributions I can make to your own collection of Nat. Hist. objects.
+yours most truly | William B. Carpenter
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+I am preparing a new work on Adulteration and I am desirous of giving in it drawings representing the structure of certain fungi which attack the cereal grasses – namely Unedo rubigo, Unedo linearis & Puccinia graminis. If you could let me have small specimens of these fungi I should feel particularly obliged. I venture to trouble (you) on the subject because of the attention which you are known to have paid to the fungoid diseases of the grasses.
I remain | faithfully yours | A H Hassall
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+I think I need not tell you, it would give me great pleasure if I knew of a Curacy with us would suit Leonard to recommend him & if I hear of any thing worth his attention I shall not fail to write to you:
+The Curacies on this coast are generally small in pay as the parishes small in population so that I don’t often hear of any thing which would be worth his notice.
+I want to see what you have written in the Gardeners Chronicle & have asked a friend to send me the number of July 5 th & subsequent ones.
I have this morning received a letter from Groombridge asking for a New Edit n of the little book I published Suggestive Hints - a 7 th Edit n & I should like to add a page or two in your this particular subject as being one of great interest in our rural parts: If you can give me any hints on this – pls. do so. Groombridge prints 5000 copies to an Edit n it will be the means of giving your useful notions a wide circulation among school masters
Believe me | my dear Henslow | always faithfully yours | R Dawes
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+Alas! Poor Yarrell!
+Very many thanks for the Hitcham Programme which I have read as I always do with real gratification, feeling what a large amount of happiness your meetings diffuse & what extensive good they do. I shall be very glad to see the Report you are so good as to promise me. I don’t think Bull (?) went at all too far in calling yours a model parish, for in having bad subjects your are only neighbour like but where shall we find such attention paid to the temporal & mental progress, as well as the spiritual, of the people as with you? Further I reflect how many repelling obstacles you must meet with, I cannot enough express the admiration I have always felt at your unvaried perserverance in effecting so much good.
+I have been so much occupied of late having my son and daughter & twin grandchildren a visit, & having had to correct the proofs in all haste (one day of 4 sheets) of a third thousand of our cheap edition that I have not yet been able to read the Athenaeum reports of the Cheltenham meeting, but I hunted out the reference to your report as to typical arrangements for Museums & was glad to see there is every prospect of your excellent ideas being carried out.
+I am glad you have made some Entomological Comments. My cheap edition experiment has amswered completely, for while the sale of the 6th Ed n edition had dwindled down to 20 a year, that of the 7 th has averaged 20 a day (2000 in 3 months) & a work considered by Longmans as defunct has sprung up into a renewed vitality greater than it ever had;
I am | my dear Sir | yours most truly | W. Spence
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+I have seen your article in the Gardeners Chronicle & think there is but little doubt that we should be happy to republish them, but my partners are at present absent. On their return I will again communicate with you. In the mean time perhaps you can tell me about the sized book you think it will make. With regard to terms – our usual arrangements are to take the risk & share the Profits equally with an Author. This comes to the same thing as the “Royalty” you propose, but it is, I believe, a much better & simpler arrangement. In the case of a Royalty – no definite agreement can be made till the retail price is fixed, which cannot be determined till the book is printed. Again, if the price is either raised or lowered the terms require alteration & altogether it introduces, I think, an unnecessary difficulty into our arrangements. I shall therefore be glad to know whether you would accept our usual terms
+I am my dear Sir | faithfully yours | W. m Longman
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+I thank you for the Reports which are very satisfactory, & I am glad to see that Miss Richardson gives so much satisfaction. I shall send the reports to our Master at Highgate, & will recommend him to reconsider whether to any extent your example can be followed there. The Committee of Council would do a great good if they sent 100 Copies of your reports to every one of their Inspectors for distribution. There is nothing like an example. –If anything comes in my way the least likely to contribute to your collection of useful objects I will bear you in mind.
+We came back a week ago, & are likely to remain, so if you should come to town, you are pretty sure to find us -- & you know, I hope, how glad we should be to see you.
+If Lyell returns from Yorkshire tomorrow, as the Pertz’s are here from Berlin & the Bunburys from Mildenhall, M rs Horner & I will sit down to dinner tomorrow with our six daughters and our four sons in law, with the addition of our three Grandsons at dessert –A joy & blessing to my wife & me, for which we can not be too grateful to God. The Bunburys are on their way to Malvern—
The Glasgow Meeting appears to have gone off capitally. Darwin enjoyed it much I hear. I have heard nothing of Hooker; I suppose he is in Germany, & M rs Hooker with you—
Give our kind regards to all your house & believe me
+faithfully yours | Leonard Horner
+I see you have changed your post town--
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+The bustle last week of setting off for Florence my daughter & her son & Maid who have been staying three months with me, left an accumulation of matters to attend to, which have prevented me from sooner thanking you for the Reports you have kindly sent me. I have read them with great interest & pleasure, & warmly congratulate you on the success of your labours not only in the striking improvement in the cultivation of the allotments but in the moral feeling of your parishioners by the removal of the load of “hesitation, doubt, prejudice & ill will” which beset your first attempts, & which would have discouraged any man of less energy than yourself.
+The only drawback is your inability to continue the railway excursions which were so charming a feature of your plans for giving enjoyment to your young flock. If £5 from me next year will assist your “Recreation Fund” to carry out one of these excursions, you shall be very welcome to this slight aid, & I will thank you to inform me when the time comes how your fund stands.
+What a contrast the awakened intellect, excited interest & gratified success of your flock, old & young, with the mere animal existence & sheer stupidity of the great bulk of our peasantry! My son who has been staying a week with Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton at his seat Knebworth Herts, & two other visitors having one day taken a long walk & missed their way, enquired of a plough lad the nearest cut to Knebworth of which he knew nothing & showed such utter doltishness that they could not help laughing outright, on which he burst into a violent fit of crying & roaring. Poor fellow! This feeling showed he had in him a sparkle of the gem of [illeg] sense. But alas he had no kind friend like you to clear away the rubbish & bring it into daylight.
+I am | my dear Sir | yours very truly | W. Spence
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+To guarantee a specified sum within a limited time--
+My partners having returned I have consulted them relative to your proposed work on Elementary Education in Botany, and I find they are willing to publish it on the plan of taking the risk & sharing the Profits equally with you.
+I shall be glad to know whether you are willing to accept these terms
+I am my dear Sir | faithfully yours | W m Longman
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+I am afraid I shall seem worse in your esteem & now negligent of your wishes than I really am: – for, almost two months ago I made up for you a small packet of plants & sent them to Edinburgh to be taken up by Mr Lucas of Yarmouth, a gentleman known to you & who had been lately visiting his sister – here the Provost’s Lady. That parcel was somehow or other not taken up at Edinburgh & has just been sent back to Glasgow & was forwarded yesterday by a young friend Dr Scouler of London, where it will reach you by a Cambridge coach.
+I have sent you the regulations of our Garden & a plan, but our Houses are now more numerous. I wish you could come to Scotland & take lists from a perusal interminum of our Garden. I do not know that as to lecturing on Botany, I could give you any hints, as they should be much at your service. In such a Science, which requires to be recommended, I always find that a History of the Science gratifies the Students. This I intersperse with some account of the lives of the most eminent of Botanists & anecdotes. Linnaeus alone affords a delightful subject for one whole introductory lecture. The introductory discourses being over I bring the students as rapidly as I can to the examination of specimens. I soon teach them the names of the essential parts of a flower so that we make out the genera & species together by the Flora Scotica. I keep them at this for almost ½ an hour each day & the other (the first half hour they can very well bear to be devoted to the terminology & physiology of Botany.) For them I have purchased a little book of Botanical Illustrations: a set of lithographic plates; without which I feel that I could not get on at all. One copy suffices for every two or three Pupils & they turn over the pages & refer to the figures which I define to them & often show also in their leisure etc themselves. These of course I supply them with in the Class: – but the book is also to be bought. It was published by Constable at 18.s each: but now in consequence of the failure of that house the Managers of the business have offered the whole 400 remaining copies at 6s each– Drawings of course are excellent: – but the labour of making them is prodigious & few but those possessed of such a talent for Drawing & such industry as Greville possesses could undertake the labour: – & then these being only one of each subject they cannot be brought near the view of the student. I make 3–4 excursions into the country one for several days. These excite the interest of the Student exceedingly. Thus employed the 3 months passed rapidly away. Of course I do not admit to this Academical course Ladies:– but once, last year, I gave a particular Course at which there was a most respectable attendance, – for Glasgow: & which did not in the least injure any other courses though partly carried on at the same time. Here I could have done nothing but for the Illustrations. Nothing could exceed the interest shown by that Class: – in short they come for the pleasure of the thing; the College Class because they must. My lectures are always at the Garden & I labor to have no lack of specimens. – I enlarge too on the uses of Plants after their description whether medicinal or otherwise. – I wish you would ask your Welsh correspondent to send me Woodsia ilvensis & hyperborea & Anthericum serotinum & I will endeavour to make him a similar return.
+Do you wish for Garden plants, living or dried? An excellent fellow, Bowie, who was long employed by the King, gave out at his own cost, with the view of selling his collection, £2.10 s a hundred for well dried specimens & living plants in production. I have mentioned him in Brewster’s last Journal (only read 2000 miles for 200.) It goes off in two days & his address is Kew Green, if you wish to employ him. Mespilus coton. will soon be figured in Fl. Lond.
Yours ever most faithfully | W.J.Hooker
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+If there were any doubt about the matter, the Hitcham Easter sheet you have been so good as to send me, would at once prove that Prof. r Bell was quite right when he called yours a model parish, for how few could show such a numerous list of beneficent institutions, in addition to your legion cultural horticultural & Botanical ones, & scarcely one I fear a “Recreation fund”. This happy mixture of recreation with sciences, & the whole carried out by your own zealous affects, I have always regarded as a feature of your parish peculiar to it & which may well be offered to all your Clerical brothers as a pattern that cannot be too closely followed in theirs, & I rely on you informing me when the time comes what your excursion plans are, that I may have the pleasure of offering my aid. Your decision to decline accepting the Norwich invitation was I think right, but it would be most desirable that at Norwich, Ipswich, Harwich &c the friends of this harmonizing plan of giving in Summer a day’s happiness to the Hitcham children, would provide them with refreshment of tea & cakes, as their contribution towards the far greater share of the trouble & expense taken by yourself.
I am | my dear Sir | yours very truly | W. Spence
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+I sent you a copy of my Apparatus Report as soon as it was printed, but I now enclose another in case the former may have been lost.
+You will see p43 that under the head of Botany we give a Magic Lantern with slides containing real objects. These slides are suggested by Home & Thornthwaite and one or two which they had got up to show me were extremely good. Thornthwaite offered to get up any series that should be ordered. How can you help me here? Can you give me a List of suitable objects such as shall really illustrate Botany & Vegetable Physiology systematically? A couple of dozen would I think be about enough to make such a List.
+Many thanks for the notice of all your grand doings. Did they go home singing “He’s a jolly good fellow.” or were they too far gone for that?
+Yours very truly | F Temple
+I am delighted with the Papers in the Gardener’s Chronicle, but I hope they will be soon exhumed; they are buried there
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+I am quite ashamed to see how long your letter of the 15 th has remained unanswered. But the fault has has not been entirely mine— I have unfortunately not been at home for some time, & my letters from Ipswich have not been forwarded, so that I have not known your wishes for many hours—
It would give me great pleasure if my presence professionally were required at Hitcham and my other engagements permitted. I would make arrangements [illeg] you at once as you propose on the 4 th—but this is a particularly busy time with us—& make up our work before the Christmas exam. ns— my time is almost taken up till the 25 th of Dec. r but if you will write to the secretary & request a visit from H. M. Inspector at his earliest convenience I shall be authorized to lay aside as ?? early as possible for seeing you, or to make it fit in with my inspections in your district—
I have received, altho’ I have not acknowledged, your periodical account of the many doings of Hitcham— I had serious thoughts of risking enactment as one of the little children who were not to be smuggled under the table—but I imagined that such ignominious treatment might lessen my [illeg] if I visited the parish in a higher capacity. I have seen several of your Papers in the Gardeners’ Chronicle, & can only wish that they may be published in a separate form & circulated fully—I am sure that the more potent your system becomes the more boldly you may exclaim “atere hic (bis?) nisceum.”[illeg]
+Believe me my dear Sir | yours very truly | W. Campbell
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+I forward the proof of your questions, and am glad that you were saved from the blunder of coming up for a wrong day. You will see, on looking at the Calendar, that though there is room to put in the subject of the Examination in some places, there is not in others, on account of two Exam. ns falling on the same day. The days and subjects are all marked in the Scheme which is printed for each year, and which you either have or ought to have.
I am very glad to hear that your stay in Town may be a little longer than usual, and hope that you may be able to pay me a visit in the course of it. If you will name a day for dining with me (in the Hall, which is the only way I can ask a friend in Session Time) I will try & get our little club together again to meet you.
+I have just got a second Paper forthcoming on the Foraminifera; and I am putting together my materials for a third, in which I shall delight Jos. Hooker’s heart in smashing no end of genera and species, and shall work out completely the structure of Nummulite from recent types. I shall have nearly my whole series of Drawings ready to show you; and also some specimens of Echinoderms from Arran which will show you how every Museum ought to have them mounted. Believe me to be
+yours most faithfy| William B. Carpenter
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+Your plan of illuminating programmes of Lectures is quite novel, & a most excellent idea. I hope it will be made extensively known, so that it may be followed. It cannot fail to make an impression on many in every audience. There has been much talk lately about the measures by which science can be made to be more generally appreciated. I see no way so likely as the establishment in provincial towns of regular teachers, or professors if you will, thoroughly well educated men, whose lecture rooms, or rather schools, shall be open at such prices as the artisans & middle ranks can afford to pay, & at such hours as they can afford. I fear that we are very far from this, but I think we are on the way. Libraries & Museums must of course be a part of the system.
+I am glad that there is a chance of Bunbury giving a lecture at Ipswich; he has been very successful in all he has hitherto given, and it does him good. I wish that I could help you in your gathering for your lecture on the Paper Manufacture. After my daughter Joanna had read your Letter she brought me to send to you the figured paper of which I inclose a sheet, in case you may not have seen it. When are you to give the Lecture? I know Cowan M.P. for Edinburgh who is a very extensive manufacturer of Paper & would write to him if you will tell me what I ought to ask for— Longman the Bookseller has a brother who is a very extensive paper maker, & I would speak to him also—
+You may not have heard of the great sorrow we have been in for the last three months by the painful illness of M rs Horner. She was seized suddenly while we were in the Harz Mountains with an internal complaint, on the 18 th of August, & has been under Medical treatment ever since. She is at present better, & we cherish the hope that she is to be restored to her former health, but I fear it will be long before we have the happiness of seeing that day.
Give our kind regards to M rs Henslow, & believe me ever
faithfully your’s| Leonard Horner
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+I have to beg your forgiveness for not answering two long and interesting Letters from you and even now I am so pressed with work that I must be very brief.
+I only received your Letter of the 15 th this morning. The specimens for the Magic Lantern can be seen at Messs. Home & Thornthwaite’s. 121 Newgate St. The Light is an Oxycalcium & very well managed.
I am glad that you mean to poke up Fitch for your Diagrams have been delayed very long.
+I believe that before long I shall cease to take charge of the Scientific Apparatus. D r Playfair & the Department of Science are so charmed with our work in that kind that they propose to steal it
I wish I could go with you to Thornthwaite’s but I am so tied down by official engagements just now that I fear it impossible
+Your’s faithfully| F Temple
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+Though it rather goes against my grain to furnish English names, yet I feel that your experience ought to render you as good a judge on the matter as any one, & therefore I have filled up the blanks on your test which I enclose.
+I am not satisfied with the names I have given for Adippe & Cirisia, but I cannot think of any better ones.
+I have your test of Hitcham plants which you sent me last summer, & I notice the way in which you have adopted Knautia, Inula, Pulicaria &c as English names.
+It is the extreme barbarousness of many of our Trivial names which no doubt help to excite a prejudice against them—in insects especially shoals of names have been used as meaningless as “The Duke of Burgundy Fritillary” & one must be very much wedded to old things to wish to restore such a misnomer for a little butterfly, like Nemeolius Lucina.
+With Comp ts of the Season
Believe me, my dear Sir |yours very sincerely | H. T. Stainton
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+I am extremely obliged to you for sending me M r Kirby’s letter which I now return— Such letters are a great encouragement, & as it was mainly the wood cuts that produced the “glistening eyes”, there is no pampering to the author’s vanity.
The interchange of Village School civilities strikes us as a very interesting episode in your educational Schemes.
+By the way I had a letter to day from Canon Mosely (now of Olveston nr Bristol) who thus writes
+“I have always heard of opinions that Natural History was especially adapted to the purposes of Elementary Education & that in rural districts nothing could be easier to a teacher who was himself competently instructed in it, than to make “observers” of the children of his School[.] The success with which Professor Henslow has done this in respect to Botany in the village of which he is the Rector is one of the most interesting facts known to me in connection with recent efforts for the improvement of elementary education”
+Mosely was Professor of Natural Philosophy (Mechanics &c) when I was at King’s College London & is no Naturalist at all—hence such an opinion from one beyond the circle of Naturalists is of more weight.
+I often have Wollaston here & he has often talked to me of his visit to you last Autumn, & of the pleasure he derived from it.
+Wollaston strikes me among other Entomologists “velut inter ignes luna minores.” He is so truly philosophical & so free from selfishness & vanity.
+Believe me, my dear |Sir yours very truly | H. J. Stainton
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+I must just write to say I do not think you troublesome, & that I am really very much obliged for the trouble you have taken in writing so fully but I must consider the matter— on some points I require time for deliberation, though I believe I have a general character for being very headstrong and hasty.
+Yours very truly | H. T. Stainton
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+M. rs Owen desires me to thank you for your kind offer of a small basket of Dorking eggs; which, if sent in April or the beginning of May, would most probably come in time for one of our sitting-hens, and at a season when chickens are best reared.
I have lately received from Harwich a nodule of the London-clay containing a new fossil, allied to the Coryphodon, which you first made me acquainted with. Hoping to meet you at the Anniversary of the Geological Society on the 19. th February, if not sooner, and with our best regards,
I remain, | My dear Sir, | your’s always truly, | Richard Owen.
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+I take the liberty of addressing you on the part of D r Hooker Professor of Botany at Glasgow, who would feel much obliged if you could send him some specimens of Woodsia ilvensis & hyperborea, & Anthericum serotinum– He bids me say that he shall be happy to make any return of the same sort that may be in his power– He informs me that he [is] about to publish your Mespilus Cotoneaster (which I sent him) in the forthcoming N o. of the Flora Londinensis– & perhaps he would like to have a full account from you of the circumstances & places where it is found– I Have told him that you think of visiting Scotland this summer and said that I should request you to call upon him– So that you may consider yourself as introduced if you should feel disposed to make his acquaintance– I have collated the specimens you sent me as far as Hexandria with my own herbarium, & find a great many among them which I have picked out to add to my own stock– I feel very much gratified by the several observations you have made & [ which in general appear to me to be very just– I have lately satisfied myself that Linnaeus was correct in making Primula veris, elatior & vulgaris but one species– I find that a Cowslip planted in a shady part of the garden & well watered has in 2 years so far altered its character as to have both compound & single flowered stems, a broad flat corolla & no three letters illeg]pinching about the middle of the leaf.– This fact makes me doubtful of the accuracy of some other species. Ex. gr. Viola hirta & odorata, if not mere varieties? I have been preparing 70 large drawings on Elephant folio for my lectures lately which commence in a fortnight– This has kept me pretty much at home, but I contrived to get to the hills yesterday & fill a large vasculum with Anemone pulsatilla which is just now in full perfection–
Yrs. most truly | J S Henslow
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+Very many thanks for your List of prizes which I have read with great pleasure. I only wish Prince Albert’s Congress just held had sent a deputation to see from the sparkling eyes & happy faces of your young Candidates on Wednesday what a powerful lesson in addition to those they suggest, might be had from making children act on the suggestions of their parents so as to induce them to let them stay longer at school to enable them to compete with effect at these tests of the improvement of their observing & intellectual powers which the marvellous success of your plan of Botanical teaching proves to be so effectual. I remember when first in Wales many years ago & deploring their ignorance of English, having observed to my Companions that if the Government instead of shutting their eyes to the Common principles of human nature, had opened English schools along with Welsh ones & arranged that every year there should be two or three heats of cricket, football & tea & cakes, to which none should be admitted but those who could read & write English as well as Welsh, the whole thing would have been done, as no male or female Taffy could have withstood their Children’s resolution to acquire the test of admission into these gatherings against in principle like yours.
+In declining Dr Lyon Playfair’s invitation to his Science on Wednesday at the Educational Museum, I told him in a few weeks when the crowd is less, I mean to take a leisurely stroll round it, & I hope then to see your Diagrams of the Dried Hitcham flowers of your young Botanists which will give me greater pleasure than any florist shows. I trust you will before long give us in a Volume your admirable papers in the Gardeners’ Chronicle shewing how you have worked the miracle of transforming Country children into expert Botanists. The great defect of our Common Country Schools, as observed by a newspaper writer in commenting on the late Conference which does small credit to Prince Albert & all concerned but where you of all men should have been, is no doubt that every-thing is so dry & unattractive & with no pleasurable associations for after life. In a Review lately of was an anecdote of some emigrant who had left England very young & being asked what he remembered about it, said the only things he recollected were the daisies & buttercups. There are some charming traits in George Stephenson’s Life. I am just reading how in his old age when covered with honours he resumed his young delights of birds nesting & Rabbit-finding.
I shall be glad if you can have an Excursion but if the wherewithal is not yet ample enough your youngsters must live in hope for another year.
+Trusting this glorious weather will last over your Show I am
+my dear Sir, | yours very truly | W. Spence
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+I like very much your idea of displaying cottage ornament & we will adopt it.
+1. We shall have a Chamber of Horrors displaying the bad taste of Cottage Ornament from painted parrots to a bright Queen sitting on a throne with ball, sceptre &c.
+2. An adjoining Compartment with good Cottage Ornament, showing how at similar prices good as well as bad taste could be cultivated.
+Will you kindly illustrate as an Exhibition the Style of Cottage Ornament of your own district & as these wonderful Works of art are not very Expensive, we will furnish you with 20/- for the purpose in the first place-
+Yours sincly | Lyon Playfair
+N.B. The marketable price of the article should always be stated
+Available under license only
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+I am much obliged by your note & its enclosures and am glad to hear that your lecture went off in so satisfactorily a manner[.] I wish I could have been myself among your audience— I shall keep your prospectus or rather programme for reference as I do not know of any other list of paper producing plants so complete as yours— I am quite ready to condole with you on your want of proper diagram paper, and if you will inform me, of what width you would like it to be, I will see if we cannot alleviate your distress, by sending you a roll which will meet your future requirements.
+I have had one very fine British coin presented to me since I had the pleasure of shewing you my collection, of gold & inscribed AND. who many possibly have been the (M)andubratius of Caesar—I have also acquired some interesting Jewish coins including some of Jonathan, John Hyrcanus & Alexander Jannaeus—I hope you will succeed to your satisfaction with the tessellated pavement— They are very troublesome to restore or repair— I have given M r Longman one of your programmes & he had desired me to convey to you his thanks for it—M rs Evans desires to be kindly remembered to you & I remain
My dear Sir | yours very truly | John Evans
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+I am ashamed of not having sooner acknowledged your letter of the 10. th inst enclosing some impressions of coins, but my time has been so much occupied the last few weeks that I have really had no other course left than to neglect some of my private correspondence—And now with regard to the impressions for which I am much obliged—The first is of a base groat of Henry VIII[.] Viz that found in the old farmhouse—The 2. nd of Charles II is merely a jetton or counter as the word “Becherpfennig” on the reverse sufficiently testifies—The touch-pieces were always of gold. The third is also a counter of the time of Louis XIV and struck by the same manufacturer of counters as that of Charles II viz—Conrad Lauffer who belonged to a jetton manufacturing family at Nuremberg, of whom Wolfgang Lauffer was I think the first—Nearly all the counters for the supply of all the Abacuses of Europe were made at Nuremberg & when Arabic notation & Cocker & Record came in, counters went out or were only retained for use at cards
I have given orders for a roll of paper to be prepared for your diagrammatic work; so do not be surprised at seeing a long parcel make its appearance—I beg your acceptance of it and hope that you may find it such as will answer your purpose—M. rs Evans desires to be remembered to you & I remain
My dear Sir | yrs very truly | John Evans
+I am afraid I must add that the coins are of no appreciable value.
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+I have looked over the proof (which I enclose) & discover no fault in it, until I arrive at the Botanical part. And there it is difficult to say what is to be assigned to mistakes in the press & what to the barbarous latinity of Botanists. Thus L.11 from bottom—Hypericum & Acer would lead one to suppose that Hypericeae, and Acerinae are the proper words: & in the same line Lineae & not Linaceae, from Linum. In the last line of the page are Plumbaginaceae & Plantaginaceae, the one from Plumbago the other from Plantago. Surely they ought to be Plumbagineae and Plantagineae.
+In the next page L.2. Thymelaceae is derived from Thymelaea, & therefore ought to be Thymelaeaceae.
+L.3 Salicaceae is given as the adjective from Salix, which surely ought to be Salicineae.
+L.8. I suppose Epigynae ought to be Epigyneae
+L.10 ----------- Hypogynae ------------ Hypogyneae
+L.11 ---------- Melanthaceae --------- Melanthiaceae
+I say nothing of such words as Orchidaceae, Iridaceae, & Amaryllidaceae: Prof r Henslow’s love for terminations in aceae seems to account for them. Otherwise adjectives from Iris, Orchis & Amaryllis, might possibly have been more classical as Iridieae, Amaryllideae, Orchideae.
I think it well to send you Prof r Henslow’s address: it is “Hitcham |nr Hadleigh |Suffolk”—it may possibly save you trouble to request him to look over his part of the paper.
I am D r Mr Vice-Chancellor
Yours very truly | Wm Clark
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+Many thanks for your Easter Accounts which I have looked over with the great pleasure it gives me to see such a record of the world of good you do, & a proof how much may be done by any Clergyman disposed to follow your example.
+The discovery of twelve new Hitcham plants is highly credible to your young Botanists, each of which would derive as much delight from their discovery as if it had been of a new plant.
+Pray oblige me by adding the amount of the enclosed Cheque for £5 to your Recreation Fund to which I wish every success.
+You will glad to know that I had the other day a letter from M r Cole Secretary to the Department of Science & Art of the Privy Council Committee on Education, requesting me to superintend the formation of Model Collection of Insects for Schools, to be placed in the Educational Museum now forming at Cromwell Gardens South Kensington. Having done with active Entomology, I have transferred the complying with this request to the Entomological Society which will gladly lend their aid towards introducing an attention to Entomology in schools.
I am | my dear Sir | yours very truly | W. Spence
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+I met M r Bentham at the Athenaeum yesterday, and was glad to hear from him the favourable result of the interview Sir Wm & Dr H. had with M r Phillips on Wednesday, a further account of which I got from Dr H. himself who dined with us yesterday. So far everything is encouraging. M r Phillips said that the Memorial proposed would be very useful, & that the sooner it is sent the better. At my request M r Bentham undertook to make a draft of such an one as he thought would do, & he sent it to me last night. I think it is very good. We are to meet on Monday at the Athenaeum to confer further on the subject, and I have asked Lyell to join us, & am going to ask Forbes– Lyell thinks that besides the Botanists, there should be the testimony of others to the services J. Hooker has rendered to Natural History, Paleontology & Physical Geography, & we put down about 20 names in all, which considering their work in science, at least as regards the large majority of them; would do.—What do you say as to your signature being attached? To set against the great botanical weight, there is the relationship. Lindley I have seen, & he will join cordially—Brown I have spoken to, indirectly, & found him most kindly disposed to J. Hooker.
Many thanks for the copy of the sketch of your Typical series. What you have already sketched is excellent, but it is no inconsiderable an undertaking. I will do what I can to supply specimens.
+I think J.H. has been far from being well and by De La Beche-- Had I known what H. told me yesterday evening, I would not have done D r W. B. the honour to speak about the movement in H’s favour as I did yesterday. However I must in justice say that he expressed a great desire to serve him; a consciousness perhaps that he had something to repair—
On account of M rs Henry Lyell’s departure for India some time in the first week of July, it will not be possible for M rs Horner or any of my daughters to go to Ipswich, but I intend to go & remain at all events from the Wednesday to the Saturday—
My kind regards to M rs Henslow & all at the Rectory--
Ever faithfully your’s | Leonard Horner
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+You may kindly excuse it, if I take liberty of addressing you a petition.
+Since several years I am collecting material for the edition of a collection of the different varieties of our sorts of corn. I have also already several interesting numbers for it touching the much ventilated “Aegilops-Question” and should feel very happy to receive from your kindness, if this will be possible, either 100 dried specimens of your bastard of Aegilops squarrosa and Triticum turgidum, or at least a quantity of seed which would yield them. In the case you could fulfill my request, I would beg you to remit your request to “Charles Young Esq. re 8 High Street, Islington, London” and to charge him, to forward it to me.
If perhaps in the meantime you have come in procession of other interesting forms of this kind, you would greatly oblige me by adding them to your parcel.
+I shall be very happy if at any time I should be able in return to do any service which will be in my power.
+With great esteem I have the honor to be,
+Sir, | your very obd t Serv t | R.F.Hohenacker
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+I believe I mentioned, when at Hitcham, that I had left my mss. on Meteorology with M r Van Voorst in London in order that he might look it over against my return, —And when I saw him on Friday, after leaving you, —he offered either to give me £60 for the copyright, or to print it, & divide the profits with me. —I am decidedly inclined myself to close with the first offer, rather than the second, and do not suppose that the mss is worth more than what he values it at. But before writing to give him my reply, I should like just to know what views you take of the matter, & whether your opinion is the same as mine.—Might not also such an agreement be made subject to the contingency of the sale of the book not going beyond one edition, —& that if a second were called for, something further might be allowed me! —Is this usual or not in the transactions between author & publisher? —Or under what kind of agreement have you published your own works?—I presume I might ask him to give me a certain number of copies for distribution to friends &c in addition to the 60£? And what number might I reasonably expect, 12 or 25?—Perhaps you will write me a line in reply to these inquiries as soon as you conveniently can, --that I may send my determination to Van Voorst.—
There are one or two parts of the book which I shd like you to look over, before printing, & which I will transmit shortly by post. —I hope to have the greater portion of the mss ready for the press in two or three weeks, & get the whole matter off my hands, & the book out, by the end of the year, —
+I got back to this place yesterday, after spending Sunday at Swainswick & taking my duty; —found Jane very tolerable for her. It has been so hot travelling, that I am glad to sit still now, & hope to remain quiet for some time. —With love to all at home,
+Believe me, | your’s affectly | L. Jenyns
+Jane says to send her love to all—
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+I am much obliged by your letter of the 2 nd on the subject of your volume in the Cabinet Cyclopedia.
The candid opinion you express would make it very desirable that the book should not be reprinted in its present form, and I shall be very much obliged by your informing me whether it would be agreeable to you to revise the work & on what terms.
+The Cabinet Cyclopedia property has come into our hands more by the necessities of the case, than by choice, and encumbered with a very heavy debt. I mention this to explain to what may have appeared to you as unwillingness on our part to incur additional charges.
+I remain, | Dear Sir, | very faithfully yours | Thomas Longman
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+As Mr Hogg informs me that he is sending you some plants I have requested him to enclose you a small packet from myself which I am happy to say will reduce your desiderata by 5 or 6 species.
+I have lately satisfied myself that the Primrose, Oxlip, & Cowslip are one species – I planted a Cowslip 2 years ago in a shady part of my garden & kept it well watered – It is completely changed – has thrown up many single stems[,] leaf no longer pinched – & flowers paler & limb of corolla flat – It w d. be called an intermediate to Primrose & Oxlip – I have since planted several other specimens & hope to perceive similar changes by next year – I begin my first course of Lectures on the 30 th- & have been very busy lately in preparing large drawings on Elephant folio which may be seen from all parts of my lecture room – I have finished about 70 – Many thanks for your last packet which was very acceptable – Your Epilobium puzzles me but I have not had time for an accurate examination –
Y rs. very truly | J S Henslow
+ Endorsement by Winch: Answered May 21 st 1827
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+I am glad to hear from you of your willingness to undertake what is necessary respecting your volume in the Cyclopedia, provided that time & terms can be arranged so as suit us mutually.
+With regard to the first we should wish to be in possession of the corrected copy as early as would be practicable, but without some action of what could be possible on your part, I might propose a time that could not suit your engagements. I shall therefore be much obliged if you will inform me what time you could require for the purpose. I assure you that it is with no wish to deprive you of the just equivalent for your literary labours that I do not name a sum as the renumeration. I am not able to judge what time & labour you may have to devote to the work. I would beg therefore that you would do us the favour of looking over an interleaved copy which I will immediately have prepared & sent to you, and I shall be very much obliged if you could inform me what will be satisfactory to you.
+We may probably be obliged to print off a small number of copies from the present stenotype plates to supply immediate demand. Should The copy will be sent to your present address.
I am, Dear Sir, | very truly yours | Thomas Longman
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+I am much obliged by your letter of the 15 th which I have been unable to answer before this.
I should be exceedingly sorry if our negotiations should not culminate in your undertaking for us a new edition of your work, for we should be placed in a position of difficulty. It is I assure you most reluctantly that I must beg of you a little alteration in the terms you propose. When we take into account the expence of resetting the type, the destroying of the stenotype plates, and the reduction of the price to 3/6, the venture will not justify our accepting your terms in the exact mode in which you propose them. We are willing to pay you £100 for reediting & doing what is necessary to the book, and £50 on the sale of 6000 copies, including the editing & correcting to that time. You will perhaps, think 6000 a large number, but we expect that the very cheap price may secure a large sale & a smaller number would not enable us to pay you the sum you name.
+I beg the favor of your reconsideration of this matter and hoping for your favourable reply
+I remain, Dear Sir, | yours very truly | Thomas Longman
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+Very many thanks for the Programme of the 16 th. Though I shall not be able to join your party I already hear in my mind’s ear the hearty laughs from Hitcham Cottage tea tables of your happy idea of the local Babies being allowed to help themselves at yours ad libitum and feasting.
Thanks also for the notice of the Diagrams which I am very glad will now in conjunction with your “Practical Lessons” afford all the Clergymen & Teachers who see the high value of Botanical instruction so excellent a means of following your example. I only wish you could convey with the Diagrams your power of fixing the interest and affection of your pupils.
+Whether available this year or not, there is no need to allude in any way to my Excursion Subscription which is a very small affair compared with your contributions of necessary time & labour so many years to this object.
+My London “Season” is not yet ended, having my son with us from Florence. Just now he is on a Visit at Sir W. m Middleton’s Shrubland, but I expect him back in a day or two.
I am | my dear Sir |yours very truly | W. Spence |
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+I returned from the Continent two days ago, where I have been with M rs Horner and my daughters Susan & Leonora since the 12 th July, and found your very interesting letter of the 25 th July with the account of the Norwich Expedition. I thank you very much for giving me this pleasure, & congratulate you on its eminent success. I hope soon to have a talk with you about it, & to learn more particulars, for we intend to be at Mildenhall on the 18 th and to assist at your lecture.
The Lyells & my daughter Joanna came back on Saturday from a two months of hunting up the Eocene in Belgium, & he has come up with obtained some valuable results as to the age of different parts of the Belgian tertiaries, respecting which the geologists of that country appear to have been both ignorant & in error. Think of Dumont the state geologist, not only knowing nothing of paleontology, but even holding it to be of little account in the determination of formations. He is a mineralogical geologist, & showed Lyell some thousands of trays of sands & clays!
Lyell & I are entirely in the dark whether any thing has come of our application to Lord Seymour in favour of Hooker, and so few people are in town, that I do not know how I shall learn—His father is probably absent— I hope that he is better— If you have any good news to give us on this subject pray let us have it.
+With our united kind regards to M rs Henslow & all your family circle,
I am my Dear Sir | faithfully yours | Leonard Horner
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+I am very glad to see that your Book is coming. I have been waiting for it eagerly.
+I wish I could accept your kind invitation for the 16 th. But I am booked for that day and the Fates are inexorable
Your’s ever | F Temple
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+I have this evening rec. d the Prospectus of your Diagrams which I have read with much interest. I hear from Don & Son that they are very beautiful; and Lyon Playfair who I met in Dublin on the first ins t., told me the same. I do sincerely hope that the sale of them may be extensive, and that they may serve not as decorations for the school-room, but as the means of leading every pupil to a practical knowledge of all that they are intended to teach.
The great difficulty I have found is with the teachers. They have to become learners, before they can attempt to teach. Some are indolent—some not disposed to turn to branches of knowledge which they have not been taught to care for—and some teach “by the book”, and seek not to ascertain if the pupil really understands what is there set down. So far as the schools here are concerned I am thinking of offering some kind of premium, whether for the teachers or the pupils I am not sure— but I am disposed to think it must be something that would make the teacher be regarded favourably by the District Inspector, and immediately or remotely tend to give him a higher status, and better his condition. I also have never ceased to urge on the Commissioners of National Education in Dublin the necessity of making Nat. Hist y a regular part of the course of Education in their Training Schools.
From the progress that has been made during the last ten years, I do not doubt that these difficulties will be overcome, and on every side pleasant little events are occurring to cheer us on, and make us persevere in our efforts.
+It gives me great pleasure to think that I am associated in such labours with one whom I esteem so highly as yourself. Perhaps this circumstance may at times induce me “to bestow my tediousness upon you” even more largely than at present.
+Believe me |my dear Sir |very sincerely yours |Robert Patterson
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+I wrote to you about a fortnight ago to ask you to send me the particulars of your lectures for next year that I might print them in the Programme usually published at the beginning of October. Not having heard from you in reply I fear that my letter must have miscarried & I now write again to make the enquiries which it was to have conveyed to you.
+I want to know, if you please, the subjects, places, days, & hours of lecture for each Term, & also the days of Commencement of lectures & the days of Examination for Certificates. If you can send me this information soon I shall be much obliged to you
+Yours truly | H. Philpott V.C.
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+Very many thanks for your excellent Sermon which I have read with great pleasure. It is just that union of Religion & good sense which a Sermon should be, with that practical application to the minds of the hearers which must assure their conviction. I am particularly pleased with your rebuke of that morbid sentiment— a pity (for to religion you have clearly shown it has no claims) which puts more for the criminal than his victim, & of the extension of this feeling to the class furnishing our juniors leading to that confounding of justice, & wilful lying which you have so admirably pointed out.
+This [illeg] affair like that of the Criminal will I have no doubt bring good out of evil as all history & experience for men is the constant method of Providence in the government of the world.
+I am | my dear Sir | yours very truly | W. Spence
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+I am grieved indeed to hear of your serious anxiety, and beg that you will not think of coming up next week unless you feel that you can do so with prefect comfort. It will not be the least inconvenience to me to take your place; and I am sure that the Senate would fully approve of my doing so. I trust however, that your apprehensions may will have been fully relieved by that time; and as Thursday will be the day of the Philosophical Club Dinner, I hope that you may be able to get up to Town in time to join us there, as I am certain that we shall all be delighted to see you. Hooker will of course be there, unless if all be well. We had a very pleasant visit from him and M. rs H. last week, amusingly varied by the circumstance that they came at half past six, instead of half past eight, in consequence of a mistake in M. rs C’s note, and naturally expected dinner; whereas my family had dined at one o’clock, and our Hall dinner also was over. They had fortunately had a substantial lunch, and M. rs C. ho extemporized as “severe” a tea for them as she could; so I hope they did not go away hungry, whilst we had the pleasure of so much more of their society. We are all quite charmed with your daughter’s good looks—she has never seemed so thriving.
Believe me to be, Dear Henslow, | yours most faithf’y | W B Carpenter
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+Your letter of the 17 th followed me to this place along with a part of my family which travelled a few days after myself. I again thank you very heartily for your kind offers & kind wishes– I do hope I may visit Cambridge some day or other and that not in sickness. We find the weather very mild & Beautiful but had a very rough voyage & for two days a perfect hurricane of wind & snow, which I find has been equally violent on the east coast. The Spring on the whole is backward– The flowers expanded are Prunus speciosa–Viola canina– Potentilla Fragaria – Adoxa moschatellina &c &c Our house is within half a stone’s throw from the sea & even in bad weather I can get something to examine from the coast, in a few minutes. The Algae are luxuriant & I shall secure a good stock of duplicates: though I have not examined much of the coast yet, I have found some very good species – and among other objects the curious Ulva defracta Alagonidium defractum of Agardh. It is certainly an unusual substance. The best mosses I have found are Orthotrichum Drummondi, pulchellum, and Bartramia arcuata.
+
I think I may say I have determined to undertake a British Flora illustrated in the way I mentioned. I still wish to adopt the natural system –but I am afraid it will affect the sale for it is a work that must be fulfilled in parts– & the Linnean clavis generum could not be given except at the termination. Now I fear this will render the work unpopular during its progress, & if a purchaser waits till it be completed, it will then seem expensive. In short I scarcely know what to do about it for I need not hesitate to confess that without any ill feeling I intend to supercede if possible both Smith & Withering. I might be at the cost of publishing a temporary synopsis of the genera upon the Linnean plan in small type & in a separate form, to be given along with the 1 st part – & this would serve till the work was finished.
In your Cambridgeshire Flora – you will have none of these difficulties. I like your plan much – only, in bringing into your table the exotic Nat. Orders, I fear you will have some trouble to find these all out scattered as they are in all manner of transactions, some good – some doubtful – some bad. I suspect you will find it, your interest to keep to british ones only. In regard to the placing of generic characters – each order will of course commence with the character of the genera contained in it. But the Linnean arrangement of the genera – seems to come with advantage at the commencement (printed last) with a distinct paging, & a reference to the page where the genus is found in the body of the work. By this plan it is kept distinct from the indices. The dichotomous tables are highly useful, but only in large genera, where the characters of the species are obscure or resting on minute details.
+I shall be very glad to have your remarks, & the use of such vars. do from y. r herbarium as you may think interesting. – They will be in time before the end of the year. – In the mean time, I shall make general preparations–
Before I left town I gave into a gentleman’s care a parcel of Algae for you – tolerably extensive – but he will not be able to have it in London for a month. I wrote in it to thank you for your parcel – & spoke also of my projected work.
I am | My dear Sir very truly yours– | R K Greville
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+Who is P. P. Carpenter? I have just had his letter & Prospectus—I wish I could buy a good set, tho’ I do not see their pressing geological use, & I am very, very poor at present. Barrett (a capital helper & a man of infinite good & great acuteness as a naturalist, & rising every day in knowledge) is paid by me, not by the University— I will speak to Barrett however[.] Of course he will wish us to buy:-- What I wish you above all to do, is to send me word how M. rs Henslow is going on[.] Your unbalance made me sorrowful and now that I am in the practice of starvation & solitude my spirit sometimes are down in my heels—
No wonder then that my poor head should reel as it has done
+Thank God it is now grown steady— On Monday I really lectured with pleasure— How I shall get on to day I do not well know, but the Sun is shining— Bravo! he has a jolly round face. I wish he w. d not so often hide it Love to all your Lady friends at home— beginning with M. rs H & ending with my dear God Daughter—
Ever affec y y. rs | A Sedgwick
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+Accept the assurance of M. rs C’s and my sincerest sympathy in your bereavement; and our hope and expectation that you will feel yourself supported under it by that large and deep assurance of the paternal care of an All-wise Creator, which […] [part of letter missing]
[overleaf] […] a set of Hooker’s specimens that there might be no difficulty in identifying the descriptions. The glance I took at it made me to believe that ten minutes will suffice you to dispose of it.
With kindest regards to Hooker & his wife, believe me to be
+Yours most faithf y | William B Carpenter
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+I cannot refrain from the melancholy task of writing you a few lines of condolence in your present heavy affliction and to assure you of the deep sympathy M. rs Colchester and myself feel for you in your bereavement[.] I hope that M. rs Henslows sufferings, were not protracted and that you and your family are as well as under this sad trial can be expected.
Since the unfortunate burning down of my residence at Little Oakley I have been obliged to take one of the Dovercourt Terrace Houses where I shall be very glad to see you if you come into this neighbourhood by & bye to examine the borings from M. r Bruffs artesian well—as it may tend to divert your mind from sad thoughts I will add the particulars of what appears to me a most irregular fact: after going thro’ 80 feet of London Clay 990 890 of Chalk & Chalk marl —17. feet of green sand & 47 feet of gault they came to a hard slaty rock which I thought was a gault stone but on they went, ten feet, twenty feet, thirty feet, r Bruff— I do wish you could come and see it and if you feel at any time that you would like a little change M. rs C & myself will be very pleased to see you—I hope one day you will secure some public acknowledgement for the source of wealth you discovered for the landowners of Suffolk Cambridgeshire, Essex & Herts— I think 20,000 tons at least will be raised this year—perhaps more
M rs Colchester unites with me in a unreserved expression of our deep sympathy & with our united regards believe me my dear sir
Yours most faithf y | William B Carpenter
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+I am very sorry that my delay in replying to your former letters should have led you to fear that I could for a moment regard you either as encroaching on the part of the Museum, or as presumptuous in venturing to criticize my book; for you are one of the last men in the world whom I could think of u under either of these aspects. The fact has been simply that I have been too busy to reply as I could wish, and have therefore postponed writing from day to day, in hope of sending you something worthy of transmission. The middle of December is always a very busy time with me; for the Medical Quarterly which I edit has to be out of my hands by Xmas day, and in the last fortnight there is always much to do— This is why I have never been able to attend one of the Ipswich anniversaries, in spite of the many kind invitations I have received from my friend Ransome[.] Moreover I am hard at work on present upon the a new Edit. n of my Human Physiology, which I am desirous to bring up to the mark as much as possible; and to this at present I am obliged to give all the time that I can spare from other matters. When I tell you that my work just now begins at 6½ A.M. and does not finish until my eyes refuse to keep open at night, you will understand that there is a little excuse for my delay in not answering letters not immediately pressing. Within a day or two after receiving yours, however, I had sent to the Printers to know if they had any waste f remaining from my Physiology— I had not kept the Proof Sheets, and these would have been of no use to your purpose, since the cuts in them are nothing else than blotches. A few days since Bentley sent me up a complete copy, made up from this waste; and it seemed to me a pity to cut up this,— more especially as I shall want a copy in sheets whenever my worke
+ requires goes on to a new Edition. I shall write again to get all I can; and will let you have it forthwith. I have however, a spare copy of Milne Edward’s small books on Physiology & Zoology; and I will send you these, if I you have not already got them. Many of the cuts in that book were employed for my Physiology, as the Publisher was anxious to get have his Illustrations as numerous and at the same time as cheap as possible. He spent £250 however in new Engravings. It would not be possible to get impressions of these cuts otherwise than in the sheets, without a very large expense; as the adjustments required to print them off (which with fine work, are very tedious) would be just as tedious for a couple of copies as for 1000. But I will do my best to get you the sheets of a large part of the book.
Now in reply to your friendly offer of corrections &c, I have only to say that I shall be most particularly obliged by any remarks that you may be kind enough to send me, —not merely as corrections of errors in the press, —but also as corrections of facts that may be erroneously stated, or criticizing upon doctrines which I have advanced. I am far too much of a lover of truth, to feel hurt at being told that I am wrong, by any one whose knowledge or opinion I respect; and when the correction is supplied in the kindly spirit in which you would administer it, there is to me nothing but pleasure in thus getting nearer the truth. For it would be most absurd & presumptuous in me to suppose that I can be right in a vast variety of points which I have not personally examined; and nobody could reasonably expect that a treatise extending over so wide a range could be the product of personal examination throughout.
+I have been asked by so many readers of the Treatise, why I did not make two volumes of it, that I intend, if this edition should sell off in the course of a year or more, to divide the Natural History from the Physiology, —taking the chapters which give a General View of the Animal & Vegetable Kingdoms and expanding them into a complete distinct work, which will, I should hope, be useful to Scientific Naturalists, and would leave the Physiology of a more convenient size. In this case, I shall hamake a point of having an illustration of every important type in both Kingdoms.
It occurs to me to ask you if you have seen a French Treatise on Cryptogamic Botany by Payer. This contains an profusion of most beautiful woodcuts, and at a very moderate expense. His classification, I observe, differs a good deal from those in vogue among us; but it seems to me quite in vain to expect to establish a philosophical classification of the Cryptogamea until their Reproduction is thoroughly understood; and all that we are p now beginning to know upon the subject serves but to show how little we have hitherto known. You have probably heard that Hoffmeister has been extending Count Lumenski’s observations into other classes; and that Duret & Decaisne have lately done much more upon the Alga. This is a subject upon which I should have been delighted to work, if my literary occupations had given left me leisure to do so. At present I can only snatch an hour now & then to study a group of Australian Foramenifera that throws a great deal of light upon the gigantic fossil types of this class; on this I hope to be able to send a paper to the Royal Society before the end of the season, as I have a large number of Drawings in progress.
I am quite ashamed of having neglected your specimens; but from what I have told you, I think you will be inclined to judge leniently & not believe me willingly neglectful of your desire for information. I hope to be able to hunt them up, but I will not take upon me to say positively that I can find them, since I have changed houses since you committed them to my possession. I shall be very sorry if they have disappeared, but did not understand that you set much value upon them. As I now forget what you told me about them, anything that I can make out of their structure will have the value of an entirely independent observation.
+If you will favour me with a line about Milne Edward’s books, I will forward to you at once whatever I can get. Shall I address them to the Ipswich Museum, or to Hitcham?
+With the best wishes of the season, believe me to be, Dear Sir
+yours faithfully | William B Carpenter
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+You are, not doubt, aware that the Cambridge University Act 1856 provided (sut 47) that the Stamp Duties on Matriculations & Degrees should be abolished as soon as provision should be made by the University to the satisfaction of the Lords of the Treasury, for the monies heretofore voted by Parliament for the Salaries of certain Professors, of whom you are one.
+In order to take advantage of this provision the University passed a Grace (Dec 10 1857) to pay the salaries in future from the Common chest; & the Lords of the Treasury have given directions accordingly that the Stamp Duties should be abolished from & after April 1 1858. They say that this date as determined because the Salaries are already paid, by the last vote of Parliament on the Subject, up to March 31, 1858.
+As it will probably be convenient that the Salaries should be paid halfyearly, I purpose to pay the first halfyear’s Salary from the chest to you on Sept 30 1858. This payment will be for the half year then expired; & succeeding Vice Chancellors will probably continue the payments regularly on March 31 & Sept 30 in every year. I hope this arrangement will be satisfactory to you.
+I am | my dear Professor |yours very faithfully |H Philpott V.C
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+An enquiry today from one of my young correspondents to recommend him an Elementary work on the Natural System of Botany, induces me to trouble you with the letter as I do not feel myself competent to answer the enquiry, & I should be glad to learn what work you who so well understand the meaning of the term elementary would recommend.
+I am thinking of visiting Cambridge some time this Spring; when does your annual visit there take place?, as I should like so to time my visit as to seize the opportunity of making your personal acquaintance.—
+With best wishes for the New Year.
+Believe me, my dear Sir |yours very sincerely |H. T. Stainton
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+I have been looking carefully over my ground since I got your last kind note, and I think I could plant 2 bushels, or thereabouts, of seed potatoes: and am much obliged for your trouble in that matter, as is my wife who joins me in very kind regards to you; and, I am,
+Very truly your’s |Richard Owen.
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+My friend Rev G. F. De Teissier Rector of Brampton Northampton is desirous of doing in his parish some of the good you do, by encouraging good & innocent tasks & employment. He is a Botanist & a good man in other ways. Will you send him such of your pamphlets as you can spare to encourage his proceedings?
+I wish you would be persuaded to go on with British Fossil Plants. I have a curious [illeg illeg] fossil from the Wealden thus [sketch of plant] very fibrous in lines up & down in parallel to the capillary sutures. What is it?
+John Phillips
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+I find that M. r Bentham’s statement about the money allowed by the Senate for arranging the Lehmann collection & the payments already made to him is quite correct. If you think it right that he should be paid the whole remaining 50£, alltho’ his work is not just finished, & will give me such opinion in writing for the satisfaction of my auditors, I will pay the money to him, or I will pay him another instalment of 25£ or 30£, just as you think proper.
I am sorry that I was engaged when you did me the favor to call this morning
+Yours truly | H. Philpott V.C
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+I have great pleasure in informing you that, upon considering the circumstances which I thought it my duty to state to them after communicating with yourself & others respecting the salaries of Professors hitherto paid by Parliament, the Lords of the Treasury have resolved to cause provision to be made in the estimates for the current year, for the Sum necessary to pay the usual allowance for the year ending March 31 1858.
+If the estimate is accepted by Parliament, the several salaries will be paid this year in the usual manner; in subsequent years will be paid out of the University chest; the first year’s salary in each case; to be so paid, becoming due on March 31 1859
+I am | my dear Professor | yours faithfully | H. Philpott V.C
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+Letter of introduction for the Prince de Cimitil, and Prince de Casiati, who are spending a few days in Cambridge.
+I beg leave to introduce to you the Prince de Cimitile, and the Prince de Casiati who propose to spend a few days at Cambridge, and who are desirous of seeing the Curiosities of your University. Any attention which you may be able to pay them will be very gratifying to them, and will confer a great favour upon me.
+I am, Sir, With the Greatest Respect, | Ever Most Faithfully Yrs. | D.Brewster
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+The British rarities which you were so good as as send me in M r Hoggs packet are most acceptable and I flatter myself with the prospect of procuring some specimens from the Scotch botanists worthy a place in your Herbarium, as a slight return. - To the Primrose &c &c you might have added the Polyanthus for I have found pale red Primroses & scarlet Cowslips in North d. See Sm. Eng: Fl. 1-271. Primula scotica I consider a var: of P. farinosa— but by no means P. stricta (?) Fl: Dan:—Alisma repens I gathered some years ago by a small Loch on Holy Island, but passed it over as a slight var: of A: ranunculoides— probably was not very incorrect— Anthericum serotinum is a treasure, I only know it by Swiss sp ms. With Eriophorum polystachion of Smith. I am now unacquainted E: pubescens of Holmes & yourself he used to call by that name, it is far from rare in the North and I have always called it polystachion— Are you acquainted with Potamogeton gramineum?
Believe me to be | my dear Sir | truly yours | Nat. M. Winch
+At this moment I forgot what Epilobium I sent you in the last parcel.— If I can do anything for you in Edinburgh or Glasgow write immediately I set off in ten days.
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+I beg you will accept both mine and M. rs Owen’s best thanks for the two bushels of York-regents which safely reached their destination[.] We had one dish of them boiled & liked the flavor very much: the rest will serve for my new plot of potatoe-ground and I hope to see, at last, a crop free from the disease.
Your section of the locality from which the leptorhine Rhinoceros and Elephant remains were obtained which you last discovered is a very instructive one, and I beg to return you my best thanks for it.
+You have done a great deal, and very valuable work, in the elucidation of the geology and fossils of your Country of Essex, and I hope you may long have health & strength to enjoy such pleasing and elevating pursuits.
+I began my course of Lectures at the Gov. t School of Science in Jermyn St. last week, with a good attendance.
Believe me | always truly your’s | Rich. d Owen
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+I am anxious to make the Horticultural Society useful to the country at large & have got the consent of the Council to the issuing of a paper of questions preparatory to further stages. In the document I propose to send, your name occurs & I will ask you to read it, not only that you may say if it is correct as far as you are concerned, but in the hope that you will kindly give me the benefit of your knowledge on the subject generally. Do not hesitate to alter & strike out. No one better than yourself knows that I have no knowledge that justifies my serving in the subject, but I have flowers fruit & vegetables & admire my garden, Covent Garden, as much as other people love them
+Yours very truly | C.Wentworth Dilke
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+Catharine Lodge
+I do not think that you require a Grace of the Senate to enable you to do what you wish. It is quite important for you to hold a preliminary Examination at the end of the Easter Term & to say to your students that you will not admit any one to the final examination in October who has not passed the preliminary Exam. n But I think your assistant Examiner should take part in the preliminary exam. n as well as the final exam. n upon which the certificate is given.
If you still feel any doubt about the propriety of adopting this course without a Grace of the Senate to authorize it, I will mention the matter to the Council with the view of obtaining their Sanction to a Grace
+yours very truly | H Philpott V.C
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+I have not yet received your Parish accounts, but any arrangement you make as to my Reservation Subscription will have my entire approval.
+Both in your kindness to your parishoners & in your letter you have all the advantage in the argument. There can be no doubt that they who have brought a [illeg] to the Church rate are in [illeg] bound to pay it & even D [illeg] to reflect at all ought to consider it as a [illeg] trifling recognition to the only really tolerating Church in the world (witness Sweden & Norway) for this perfect liberty to worship God in their own way.
+I regret that you should have among your parishoners any so insensible of their due obligations to you for your zealous & unvaried efforts for their improvement & that of their children, but unhappily it is too true that(?) a large proportion of our small favours, from their defective education & previous habits think of nothing but seeing every possible wrong.
+Trusting that your kind & conciliating [illeg] will in the end lessen this ungrateful treatment.
+I am | my dear Sir | yours very truly | W. Spence
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+I had intended some time ago to write & thank you for some papers that you kindly sent me about your allotment gardens, and moreover to assure you of my sincere condolences with you under your great bereavement, when it pleased God to visit me in a like manner on the first day of this year to remove my dear wife after but a few days illness, leaving me with five motherless children, the youngest but a fortnight old— You may imagine what a bitter trial it has been and still is to me, but I have still much to be thankful for, & have the comfort of seeing all the children well & thriving under the care of my mother who has managed to pass most of her time with me lately—But I will not trouble you farther about myself but must express my hopes that you are in some measure reconciled to a loss which from its nature is irreparable. I am much obliged for your kindness in sending me your Botanical Illustrations & only wish that I was more capable of appreciating them, but I am afraid that most of your School children surpass me in Botanical knowledge. I am always intending to study Botany a little more at all events sufficiently not to be nonplussed by my own children, the oldest of whom is remarkably fond of flowers, but it comes to nothing— Perhaps you could recommend me some book that is adapted for children whether grown up or otherwise— Your illustrations will do something, and your Diagrams also—but what one wants is a book in which you can readily find out the name & habits of any wild flower one meets with— Good oral instruction is probably the best thing, but it is scarce in these parts—
+Believe me | my dear Sir | yours very sincly | John Evans
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+As I said before I actually approve of your applying my subscription to the farmhouse of Conway for your Booth—which indeed is strictly a recreation purpose.
+On looking over your Easter accounts I marvel at two things—how you ever find time amidst your other labours to attend to & keep such a world of small accounts which require as much care as if they concerned hundreds of pounds; & secondly how any of your parishioners seeing how much you do for them & how largely they are in your money debt, can find in their hearts to annoy you in any way.
+I am glad your Horticultural Show promises so well. But here again what endless labour is required from you, & not now only but to the end of the chapter.
+Many thanks for your practical Lessons on Botany which I trust will be taken up & zealously carried out by Men of the Clergy & school-masters who have attended the Kensington Museums this Winter. The just successes which have attended your plans will surely stimulate others to adopt them.
+I am | my dear Sir | yours very truly | W. Spence
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+I am much obliged by your correction of my contemplated letters & also for your kindness in forwarding me the paper respecting the Vegetable competition. We discuss the subject at the Horticultural Society’s Committee on Friday & I believe shall adopt some such letters under a string a questions proposed by Mr Vernon R. As soon as issued you shall have copies. We have been busy at the [the] Society of Arts discussing the steps in reference to 1861 & have tonight agreed on minor details, so I suppose it will be again before the public soon.
+Yours truly | C. Wentworth Dilke
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+The Graces of Feb 21 1855 & Oct 29 1856 are quite imperative that the examinations for certificates should take place on the regularly appointed days. The Vice Chancellor has no power to sanction any deviation from this law.
+The law was framed & passed chiefly to protect the Professors from such solicitations as that of M r Lyon & is unquestionably a good & reasonable law, worthy of being obeyed, however one’s own private feelings may lead one to regard such a case as M r Lyon’s with compassion.
Yours truly | W. Philpott V.C
+[In JSH’S hand: Romilly’s stated hours} 10? no one examined who has not a Certif’— cards destroyed]
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+My old pupil Shipperdson (who is to be made a Doctor today) is to take a family dinner with me tomorrow at 3 o’clock. Could you & Louisa & her Brother (the Christian) do me the great favor to meet the Doctor & his wife, tho’ at such an early hour and at such short notice?
+Pray let me hear this evening— I am eaten up with gout so if you come I shall bite you
+Ever yours | A Sedgwick
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+I am glad to hear you were pleased with the Herne Bay Cliffs & only regret you could not get a good collection to compare with your Chislet specimens. They require care but are to be had, especially in the same bed nearer Herne Bay where it comes lower down to the shore, as I mentioned to you—
+I have just ret. d from Devonshire & hope to leave in a week for the Continent—
If you go to Chichester, the sand pit, I told you, is 4 miles distant & close by the Waterbeach entrance to Goodwood-Run is an inn there & the Boots or ostler there would show it to you. It is in a little coppice nearly opposite—
+Yours very sincerely | J. Prestwich
+[P.S.] The fossils at Beach Waterbeach are still more friable than at Herne Bay
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+I have sent through the hands of my old and kind friend D r Goodall some Plants that I have collected in my journey. I intend to collect some more for you during the approaching Summer and will transmit them to England by the earliest opportunity.
Should you have any duplicate Shells, you will very much oblige me by sending them when occasion occurs to my agent M r Huneman 9 Queens St. Frith St. Soho London.
I remain my very dear Friend as ever your affectionate sincere and very grateful Friend | William Elford Leach
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+I am sorry to hear you had such stormy weather at Herne Bay.
+You will not get much out of the concretions at Bishopstone. The sands nearer to Herne Bay where the fossils are very friable are the best, altho’ the fossils are so difficult to obtain. The pebble bed at the base of sands is also worth examining for small bones & teeth.
+The name of the Corbula was changed as C. revoluta is a Barton clay species— different to the one at Herne Bay.
+A pity that the skull from the bed of Green Sand was lost—
+Wishing you better weather & much success on your next trip
+I am | my dear Sir | yours very truly | J. Prestwich
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+You will excuse my not replying sooner to your letter when I tell you that I am only just very slowly recovering from a long & severe bilious attack which has left me so weak that even writing a few lines is a fatigue, which must be my apology for formally thanking you for your letter & two Programmes & expressing my sincere pleasure that your educational efforts are so justly appreciated by the Government Inspector.
+Wishing you & your happy groups of children every enjoyment on Wednesday,
+I am | my dear Sir | yours very truly | W. Spence
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+I found your letter here on Saturday, on my return from Ampney to take my Sunday duty. It appears to have crossed one I wrote to you last week before leaving home.— I am glad you are willing to let Anny be with Elizabeth at Bath during the Winter: the arrangement may be of rejoice ofof service to both parties;-- & if you can bring her yourself to Bath I shall hope to see something of you at that time.—
I have enclosed a plant, (-in pieces- but still a whole plant,) which is one of several specimens George gathered near Anglesea, where he speaks of it as tolerably plentiful, & brought with him when he came the other day. –Is it not the Silene nutans? –I can make it out to be nothing else. Let me know when you write again.—I am glad my book on Meteorology meets your approval.—
I must now conclude in haste, as I am on the point of setting out again for Cirencester.—We shall probably both be home again the end of next week, —but hope to get to Weymouth for the month of September.
+With love to the girls,
+Ever your’s affect ly. |L. Jenyns.
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+Thanks for your M. r Ralfs’ Case, which D. r Hooker had been so good as to send me & I have told him I will subscribe 5 guineas towards the fund to be raised for him. His fate is truly affecting & I hope & trust the small sum required to raise provide the annual pittances to keep him from starvation will be forthcoming.
I was very glad to see from the Times yesterday that so many young Botanists have passed a satisfactory examination at Cambridge. This looks well for the progress of Natural History with you.
+I am | my dear Sir |yours very truly |W. Spence
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+I seldom hear of you now except when you have time to write a line yourself in the midst of your multifarious occupations. I am induced, however, to hope that you will be coming this way during the winter to bring Annie to Elizabeth, which arrangement I understand is quite agreed upon, tho’ not definitely fixed as to time. Perhaps you will be able to say when the visit is likely to take place,— & of course we hope to see something of you here on that occasion. We only returned from the seaside the end of last week. We did not go to Weymouth after all, for Jane was too unwell to venture upon so long (for her) a journey; — but we went to Weston for a week, & then moved to Clevedon, where we had never been before, & where we spent more than a month.— The scenery & walks in the neighbourhood of the latter place are far more attractive than at the former,— & if it had been earlier in the year,— there was good ground & localities for botanizing: but nothing was to be done in this way in October. I observed at Weston that the spot where I used to gather the Coriander had been built over & I imagine there is quite an end of that habitat for this local species.— Before going from home, Broome & myself found an umbellifer quite new to us in a field of mangold-worzel, not near any habitation of men, & which was probably sown with the seed of the latter plant: I send a small piece of a small specimen for you to look at. I can only make it out to be amarella; h I never saw or gathered before;— but not being in seed, I was unable to identify it with certainty.— I also enclose a specimen of Gentian, which is evidently nothing more than G.campestris, & was growing with others having the usual characters: but this & one other specimen have the divisions of the corolla & calyx in 4 s instead of 5 s, thereby making an approach to gather the Linosyris had been, if not almost identical, —or do you conceive there are two other better characters to w. h the two species may be kept separate.
When you come to Bath you will find Eliz. in a very comfortable, & rather grand house for her, with entirely new furniture: she likes it very much in itself, as well as in situation.— My wife is better since she came home, than she was, when out; but as you know she is weakly subject at all times. I shall be glad to know which of your family are now with you, & how they all do. Is Leonard still at his Welsh curacy?— I think I heard of your Eldest sister being lately at Bristol.— With love to all at home,
+Believe me, | yrs affectly | L. Jenyns
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+I have not forgotten your request respecting the waste Examination papers. The practice of the University is to keep them for two years, and then to dispose of them to a Paper-Manufacturer, who gives an undertaking that they shall be sent direct to the Paper mill, without finding their way into other hands. As I presume that this was originally arranged by the Senate, I should not like, without their concurrence, to make any other use of the old papers; but I can apply to them in your behalf if you would like me to do so.
+In the mean time, I have had the blank leaves taken from such of the books as had not been stripped by the Examiners; and they are ready to forward to you in any way you may direct.
+I presume it to have been from my brother that you have received the Monograph on Cracidae, as it was not sent by me. He is off to America for a 6 month’s run, of which he hopes to pay the expenses by lecturing.
+With the best wishes of the season, believe me
+yours most truly |William B. Carpenter
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+Pray source a good set of the seedvessels &c — mentioned in your letter— & add the names, so far as made out, for I know no more of botany than a pig —perhaps not so much; for he knows how to grub his own roots: and Barrett has done little on the way of culling simples yet— I am glad that the Ale came safe at last: & I wanted no such thanks— I only wanted to be sure that it was safe: for more than once my hampers of ale have stuck somewhere on the way. More vexatiously still, a bottle I had directed to my Sister in Yorkshire had been opened, the corkes had been all drawn, & equally replaced after water had been substituted for the Audit. The rogues who drew the corks no doubt got drunk with the ale & had a good laugh at the time they forwarded the water bottles to my Sister— I trust dear Annie is now nearly well— My illness sticks to me as if it never meant to leave me. I have never left my rooms since the examination for Certificates— a task of no small trouble. A diet of arrant slops & a long continued use of sudorifics have certainly mitigated my horrible cough & driven away my headache: but a lingering fever remains & my chest is not all right I am low in spirits as well as in condition My mind will endure no continued thought, & even such a letter as this fatigues me in the writing. So 1858 is very nearly done: & I sometimes feel that I am nearly done; & I am certain that I am old withered & thin to the last degree. Were my God daughter here I should not think of kissing her lest I should give her my cold, & a cold kiss is but a sorry comfort. But I may send my love to her, & to her Sister, & to you all— with a happy new year. So know thy are in a love bundle! May God bless you all! I often hear from Dent— My poor Brother is dying by inches, & one cause of my low spirits is that I can not perform a promise of going down to Dent to spend a week or two in helping to comfort him
+Your affectionate friend |A Sedgwick | (turn over)
+P.S. Of course I mean t[o] pay for the seeds like a fair man[.] I wish for a good set & t[o] pay well for them.— Who is the hardy lady who does the work?—
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+You will perceive by the Address that I have changed my place of abode. For some years past I have been suffering more or less under the infirmities of debility & fancied my very close proximity to the London Clay at Kentish Town was unfavourable to health determined to try if any benefit w d be derived from a change. This is not irrelevant to the subject of your Letter, conceiving as I do that a Public Depository to which any one can have access the Place most suited for scientific objects & the best means of furthering the ends of Science I have given my Collection of Crag Shells to the British Museum to which Establishment all that portion which has been described has been removed & as that was its destination always intended by me I thought it best to avoid one more unnecessary remove I have reclaimed only those required to complete my Monograph & they will follow the others when they have done their duty.
My best wishes attend the Museum you have taken under your fostering care & we all appreciate the Services you have rendered towards its success. It is now many years since I resided in the Crag District & the knowledge of many Collecting Friends had pretty well eased me of a redundancy of Duplicates but there will be no difficulty in your obtaining what you require from some of the many Supporters and Well-wishers to the Museum in your own Neighbourhood & for all general purposes a very great accuracy in Nomenclature is not requisite nor the very minute shades of difference considered essential for specific distinction of any vital importance to the Student.
+Some short time since I was looking over the Collection of London Crag Fossils from the neighbourhood of Highgate belonging to & formed by a particular friend of mine a M r Wetherell of that place & was much interested in the examination of many things that were beyond my capabilities of determining but which bore strong resemblances to some of my old acquaintances that are found in the Red Crag altho’ evidently not denizens of that Epoch it struck me at the time that several of these forms probably belonged to a Kingdom in Nature that I am not very well acquainted with & suggested to my friend that I thought it was not at all improbable but that yourself co d give him more information upon them than I was able to do & I thought also you might feel interested in their inspection. If therefore you should in your next visit to the Metropolis have an hour or two to spare with an inclination to go so far as Highgate I am quite sure Mr Wetherell wod have great pleasure in showing to you these fossils & we may be all benefitted by your examination of them. A few lines addressed to him a day or two before your contemplated visit with the mention of my name as having suggested it will I am sure procure am appointment for such an object & I shall be greatful if you should be able to assist in their determination.
Believe me Dear Sir
+Yours very truly
+Searles V.Wood
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+Absence from home has prevented my forwarding an earlier reply to your favour of the 12 th Inst. I hope the contents of my book will prove interesting to you & I thank you very cordially for kindly offering me the perusal of remarks of your late Brother on Madagascar. It is too late for me to make any use of them in the account of my “visits” but as I have undertaken to give a couple of Lectures on Madagascar early in March at the Institution of the United Service Club, the observations of a Naval Officer might suggest and assist me in topics of remark that might be interesting to my audience in the occasion. I have long been familiar with you by reputation Sir W. Hooker has more than once adverted to your name when I have been with him in the Museum at Kew & I should be happy to make your acquaintance personally if I had an opportunity of so doing here if not I should feel obliged by the loan of the paper of your late Brother some time during the ensuing month[.] I think I either possess or have access to most of the articles you mention The musical instrument is the Valiha it has a soft & not unpleasing sound when thumbed by a native I think I mention it in the account of one of my early visits to the “Harbour Master” on my second Voyage to Madagascar but as I really have not a copy of the book in the house just now I cannot be certain[.] I described & figured it in my history of Mad r published in 1838.
I am Dear Sir |very faithfully yours | W Ellis
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+I am very glad to find that our supply of paper has proved acceptable. I daresay that we shall have some more at the end of this years, if the Examiners do not bone the blank leaves for themselves, as I confess I used to do, not so much for economy, as because the paper is pleasanter to write on than any I can get elsewhere. The trifle that would be allowed by the purchasers of the waste paper, is not worth speaking about as the Audit Office (which pulls me up with a folio sheet of enquiries for an error of 2. d in the addition of our postage account) will not know anything of the transaction.
Believe me |yours most faithfy | WB Carpenter
+[P.S.] I am not quite sure of the legal interpretation of the phrase in Clause 33 of the Charter “eligible as an Examiner”. It is quite clear that you could not be elected after the 9 th of April 1861; but if elected in Feb. 1861, I suppose that you might serve out your year.
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+M eur et M ame Cuvier prient monsieur Henslow de leur faire l'honneur de Venir passer La Soirée Chez eux Samedi prochain 9 juin à 9 heures.
+ Address: Monsieur Henslow | hotel de France rue Coq-héron | Paris
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+I was sorry to hear a short time back of Anny’s having been taken ill, & the doubt thereby occasioned as to whether she would be equal to a journey to Bath just at present.— But for this, I believe Elizabeth was expecting her next week; & that is about the time you mentioned to me in a letter I had from you in December.
+I hope to hear again in a few days telling us how she is, & what your plans are in respect of Bath. We hope you will give us at least a couple of nights when you come this way, —& if it is to be next week, the time is not far distant. My wife is as you know, but a poor invalid at all times, —& the Winter always pulls her strength down considerably, from her not being able to get air & exercise out of doors, —still she is well enough to have you with us in a quiet way, & I have been so long without seeing you, that I hope you will not omit the visit I have been looking forward to.— You must give a morning in Bath to the Museum at the Institution, which tho’ not containing much else of importance in the way of —Nat. History (for in Roman antiquities it is rich) —has now a very fine collection of fossils, all arranged by M r Moore F.G.S, to whom they really belong, —& which I think were not there on the occasion of your former visit to this neighbourhood: indeed I am not sure that you visited the Bath Museum at all, though you went to Bristol.
Eliz. is I think in better health than she used to be in Brighton, & occupies (for the present) rather a grand house; —with another very good one in prospect, which she will take for a permanence & furnish herself, from next Mich. mas. –With our kind love to all at home,
Believe me |y’rs affect ly | L. Jenyns
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+I forward to you a little box by this post, containing a specimen of the two teazle feeding moths; the larva of the larger one feeds in the pith of the head, & the larva of the smaller one feeds on the actual seeds of the teazle. The connection between plants & insects is a favourite subject of mine, as especially in the smaller groups many species are almost sure to occur where their food-plants grows so that from a list of the Flora of any place it would be comparatively easy to prepare a list of its insect inhabitants.
+I hope whenever you have time to write you will not be checked from doing so for fear of taking up my time, some correspondents are a nuisance I admit, a sort of necessary evil, but I have never thought of placing you in that category & I have derived so many valuable suggestions from you that I am always pleased to see your handwriting.
+I am glad to hear that you have added a Carpological Collection of dissected fruits & seeds to the Collection of the S. Kensington Museum & I will certainly pay it a visit some day.— but we S.E. Londoners think it is a formidable journey to Kensington, just because it his[sic] at the other end of the Metropolis
+I am in hopes we shall manage a visit to Cambridge during your residence there, but at present our movements so long beforehand are rather uncertain—before then I expect to visit Paris & Brussels & if I can execute any Botanical Commissions for you in either Capital I hope you will not hesitate to press me into your service, but we shall not cross the Channel till after Easter, so that you may perhaps grow some Parisian wants between now and then.
+M rs Stainton is much obliged for your kind remembrance of her.
Yours very truly| H. T. Stainton
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+I return you D r Temple’s letter enclosed with many thanks for the sight of it. Ten competitors I think very fair for the first start.
I am glad you had such a glorious day for your ramble on Saturday—There is always something very pleasant in a first excursion in the new year & wood anemones, primroses & violets &c look to me still as attractive as when I was a child.
+I will endeavor to remember your wishes respecting a small French roll when in Paris; but the biggest loaf I ever saw was in Devonshire, at Totness it was the size of a small round table & would I should fancy have lasted a small family for a month.
+We had some discussion at the Ent. Socy last evening respecting Scolytus destructor, whether it prefers sound trees or decaying ones, I believe the latter opinion is now becoming more general. & I observe the Gardener’s Chronicle advocates the same view of the subject.
+Yours very truly| H. T Stainton
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+The election of Examiners will take place on Wednesday, April 6 th; and I shall be very glad if you can arrange to be present. There will be an English and a French Examiner to be appointed to vacancies; and the Senate will very probably appoint a new man to the Examinership of Chemistry (now to include Experimental Philosophy also) and possibly also to one of the Mathematical Examinerships. There is also an Examinership in Surgery to be filled up.
The change which the Senate have made in my position will be very satisfactory to me in regard to comfort and freedom from responsibility. It will be rather the reverse of advantageous in point of income, and I shall have to give up what is worth more to me than the £300 a year added by the University. But the V.C. and several members of the Senate have expressed their readiness to promote a fees there increase to the £1000 a year originally talked of, when I shall have served a few years longer.
A friend of mine from India has brought home an Elephant’s skull, which he would gladly give to any Museum where such a thing is a desideratum. Would you like it.
+yours most faithfully | Will m B. Carpenter
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+I have written a few lines to M r Seaman & have forwarded your letter.
I return his enclosed. I had already corresponded with Westwood on the subject but he like myself is equally in the dark as to the proximate cause of their appearance. They may be attached to the new wood, or they may have bred in the old maltings/mattings &c &c.
+That they are unconnected with “itch” no Entomologist would doubt, & that appears to have been the prevailing alarm at Colchester, where these minute Acari appear to have “astonished the natives”.
+For the Eupithecia bred from an Umbellifer many thanks. I am not certain that I had the species previously, but the genus is very difficult.
+Your small moth is Nepticula anomalella: the larva of which makes the tortuous tracks in rose-leaves, like that I enclose.
+As your [illeg] may be interesting to shew your school-children, I will return it tomorrow along with a primed & set specimen of the same, & a specimen of Nepticula aluetella an insect remarkable for its brilliancy & though rarely seen in the perfect state, abundant in the larva state in the leaves of alders
+Yours very sincerely | H. T. Stainton
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+I am sorry to say I must give up all hopes of getting to Cambridge as I had wished before your lectures end. We have been applying in different quarters to find some one to be here with my wife on my absence, but all in vain. No one seems able from some cause or another, to come to us at the time I wanted.— I must therefore bend to circumstances & forego the pleasure I had anticipated in meeting you all there.— I still trust I may get away later in the summer when Jane is with her family in Gloucester sh—but this, tho’ it will serve equally well for the other purposes of my visit, avails nothing, for seeing you. However it can’t be helped, & I hope we may meet again before long somewhere else.— I wanted very much when in London last month, to visit the Museum at Kensington of which you speak, but owing to the shortness of my stay, & other matters which passed I had not time. I have never yet visited it. It must now stand over to another occasion.—
I mentioned to you some time back that Miss Molesworth (a friend of yours) had sent me her returns of rain measured at Cobham over a long term of years. I took the trouble of getting the means of the whole, which she had not worked out herself, as also the mean of each month,— & now to my annoyance I receive a second copy of one half of her sheet, with a note stating that the first had errors, & that consequently she had had it printed over again. How tiresome this is—all my time & labour thrown away: I wish she had corrected her mistakes before she went to press at all, & before circulation.
+Eliz. is still at Brighton, & I was sorry to learn from her last letter that she had failed in selling her house there at the auction at which it was put up. I am afraid it will be a trouble to her hanging so long upon her hands. She has got a very nice house she has bought in Bath, which is preparing for her against the Autumn.
+With our kind love to Louisa & Amy,
+Believe me | yours affect ly | L. Jenyns.
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+I was glad to see your new list of Hitcham plants.
+I now fulfill a sort of promise I made you at Cambridge last year of sending a few more copies of ‘June’ for use as prizes etc.
+I am in hopes you will have a fine day on Wednesday; there was a School feast here last Tuesday & the rain came down most unmercifully— I am however personally interested in the weather on Wednesday next as a large party of Entomologists are going to spend the day at Reigate & favourable weather is a most desirable addition to the programme.
+Believe me, Dear Sir | yours very truly | H. T. Stainton
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+Many thanks for your kindness in sending a copy of the reprinted List of Plants in your parish of Hitcham.
+As you adopt the numbering &c to Bentham’s Handbook, I may presume myself to concur with your own opinion, in looking on that Flora as well conceived & well executed, and yet I scarcely expect that it will ever come much into use.
+My dear Sir | faithly | Hewett C. Watson
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+I should be delighted to be at dear Annie’s wedding: but it must not be. My poor Sister in Law (the widow of my Brother John who died in February) is very long ill; & with great difficulty I have persuaded here to go with [illeg] & rest some place at the sea side.
+Business brought me to London yesterday. I go back to Cambridge so soon as I can unhook myself— only for a half of one day; & then I go down to join my poor Sister Jane. I trust that I shall be at the sea side on Monday or Tuesday; but on what part of the coast I cannot say— I cannot count upon being back at Cambridge before the 20 th of August. Give my kindest wishes & best love to both of your daughters I will try if I can find something to send Anne as a little wedding gift from her handsome old Godfather—
Ever affectionately yours | ASedgwick
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+I must not let Anny’s marriage come off, as I believe it is arranged to do next week, without writing in person to offer her & yourself my best congratulations on this auspicious event.—From all that I have heard of her intended from those who have either seen him or received accounts of him I am inclined to hope that it is likely to be a good match, & one promising much happiness to Anny, & with which you have reason to be well satisfied yourself.—
+These congratulations are rather late, but you know the circumstances which have prevented my writing sooner.— I am now in great measure recovered from the tedious & rather serious illness, which had kept me to the house for near seven weeks, & during a great part of which time, I was quite unequal to letter-writing.— I have only my full amount of strength to make up, which returns but slowly.— I was out yesterday for the first time beyond the garden, & hope to get further & further each day.— My illness has been quite accidental, & owing, as I daresay you heard, to be my being caught in a very heavy thunder-storm, when a great way from home, & getting thoroughly drenched.— This was on the 31 st of May, & I was beginning to feel unwell the same day I wrote to you at Cambridge the beginning of June, tho’ little expected then what was coming.— As soon as I am well enough to travel, we intend going into Gloucestershire to visit the Daubenys, & after that possibly to the sea, -- but this is uncertain.— I am sorry that I was so altogether prevented from meeting you at Cambridge, as I sh d have so much liked to do, —but my illness would have stood in the way, had no other cause hindered. I hope I shall be more fortunate another year.— I was very glad to see your son Leonard when in Bath but I was too ill at that time to see him for long.— Is he to be the officiating party at Anny’s wedding? I presume the Hooker’s will be there, but I think I heard it was to be (as I should always prefer) a quiet affair.
I never heard anything more from M r Walker, who wanted me to subscribe for an Engraving of D r H. in the Himalayas. I cannot understand what his motive was in making the application if the print (which he said was quite ready for delivery) is not forthcoming. But, however, he has not got my guinea & I care not.— What a hot summer we have got, —but it affords another proof of what I stated in my book, that the heat in summer in this neighbourhood is more moderate, as the cold in winter is less severe than in other places. My therm r has not exceeded 84 whilst in many parts of England it has been 90 or more—— Pray give our kind love & congratulations to all at home, & believe me
Yours affect ly, | L. Jenyns.
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+Explains serious illness as reason for lack of scientific activity. Asks JSH for a list of required plants and plans to find specimens from Yorkshire. Requests rare orchid specimens from Cambridge region.
+Two years daily suffering from a puncture in one of my fingers in which I had the misfortune to receive from a patient some morbid virus, has reduced me to a mere skeleton, & much lessened my ardor for Science; if it should however please God to restore me to a numerous Family & to my Friends I trust I shall be able to conform to the wishes expressed in your kind letter by furnishing plants for your Museum — If you will have the kindness to furnish me with a list of your desiderata I would endeavour either thr o friends or by other means to procure next summer the peculiar rare ones in this County— Enclosed I send a few duplicates which I hope will prove acceptable, they are chiefly Yorkshire specimens & collected by myself— As it respects any of the rare plants about Cambridge, I should be glad for our Phil: Soc y to possess one or two species described by the late Mr. Relhan. I think they were Orchideæ probably now they cannot be procured— I could have sent a few more plants but observe you possess them already my Friend Curtis having figured them in his valuable work—
With best wishes for your success I have the honor to be your obd Sevt | John Atkinson
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+I sent to the Ipswich Museum about 3 months a small box addressed to you containing a few choice fossils from the main Crag— also a piece of indurated London Clay from the Crag District with specimens upon its surface of Vermetus Bognoriensis, a species new to me in theas a Suffolk Fossil. There is standing to your credit an old Sub n of 24£ to the Brit. Nat. Histy Collecting Fund— This was given for the Lewisham London Fossils, but as I have never been very successful in m obtaining good specimens from this formation you would perhaps be willing to receive the value of your Sub. n in other Fossils, when of which what I have sent in this case may be considered part— I was greatly interested in giving over the Collection in the Ipswich Museum, but I think it is much to be regretted that there is not a larger series of Crag Shells— you have some fine and rare species, but the total no. of species is so small— only about 100 I think one of the 500 figd by M r Wood—
It would be the work of a life time to get all these, but a very fine collection might be got together at a moderate expense—
+I am very anxious to work again at my early hunting ground, and perhaps a sum of money might be raised in the County for the special purpose of providing the Ipswich Museum with an extensive & carefully named series of Crag Shells— If this idea meets with your approval, I think I should meet with cooperation in the attempt to set a Sub. n on 100£, and I could undertake the Mounting as well as to Collecting the Specimens—
Not long since I had spent a very pleasant visit at Stanway in company the Society of my old friend John Brown upon whom the weight of years now begins to tell— It is a happy thing that he feels as keen as relish as I do in the pursuit of Science—
I was read when in Suffolk about 4 months since the Report of a Lecture given by you in which I was greatly interested—
yours dear Sir | very truly |Edw Charlesworth
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+Your kind letter of congratulations followed me here and I must send you a few lines to thank you for it—It is indeed a source of thankfulness to me, that there was anyone so well calculated, in every respect to take the charge of my motherless children, as my present wife— She has known them all their lives and was always on the most intimate and sisterly terms with her cousin my late dear wife. I have therefore every reason to be confident that our union will not only be productive of happiness to myself but of real benefit to the children— My eldest (of five) is only 8 years old & your youngest it appears is old enough to leave the paternal roof— Allow me to offer my congratulations to you on the approaching marriage though no doubt you will feel the loss— We commenced our tour by Colchester, Ipswich & Norwich and were therefore in your neighbourhood— I felt rather tempted to call upon you but our time was limited and we have devoted as much as possible to visiting the cathedrals of the Eastern Counties— combined with a little Geology— You may have noticed a discovery in which I have been much interested, of flint implements in the Drift in conjunction with bones of the extinct Mammalia, on which I read a paper to the Society of Antiquaries which has led to some correspondence in the Athenaeum— They have been found at Hoxne in Suffolk as well as on the Continent and I make no doubt will be found in other places in the drift. If you have any that is productive of Elephant remains near you I hope you will examine them with a view of finding some of these weapons— You will see an engraving of one in the first N. o of one a week— Should you ever find yourself able to pay us another visit in Hertfordshire I hope you will do so, and form M rs Evans acquaintance— With kind regards believe me
Yours very truly | John Evans
+I don’t think I ever thanked you as I ought to have done for your Cottage Garden reports.
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+I am very glad to hear that everything went off so auspiciously yesterday; and without expecting that your daughter’s future will be all sunshine (which would really be very monotonous) I sincerely hope that her married life may be as happy as I have the pleasure of believing that of her sister to be.— I cannot tell you how pleased I am at the mutual liking that has sprung up between M rs Hooker and M rs Carpenter, and I hope that in our new home, to which we migrate tomorrow, we shall see more both of her and Hooker, as we shall have a comfortable guest room, which has always been a desideratum with us.
I have duly superintended your Exam. n this morning, and think it safest to send you the specimens numbered, for fear of a blunder from any ignorance of “common things” in Botany. The Examiners meet this day week (Aug 10) at 2 PM. Perhaps it will be better for you to send up your Honours Paper previously.
I shall be very glad to promote your Son’s plans if I have the opportunity. I gave his programme to Donaldson, who was examining (1 st B.A. Class Hon) at the same time, and who hopes to be able to serve him. D. says your son is the best-tempered fellow he ever met. Is there a lady in the household? or is there to be when pupils offer? I think this indispensible to the development of the family feeling, which is the advantage of private education to foster, and which compensates for much that is excellent and invigorating in the Public School system. My own experience would lead me to regard the combination of both plans as having advantages possessed by neither taken alone—
Yours most faithfy | William B. Carpenter
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+Verifying the old remark that a road once travelled is easily found again, my purpose giver has been trying hard half a dozen times these two last hot months to lay me by the heels in bed as it did last year but happily my Commander in chief D. r S.R Thompson with his array of pills & potions has gained the victory tho’ leaving me in a very disabled state & unfit for all exertion bodily or mental.
This in a county with visits from my son & daughter & from grandchildren and so I was soon obliged to transfer to the Isle of Wight, must be my apology for not thanking you before for the Circulars you were so good as to send me which I looked upon with the interest I take in everything coming from you as I do in the Programme received the other day which caused many a happy & instructive afternoon both for your older & younger visitors.
+I am glad you gave some of your School an opportunity of using the [illeg] at hand, and [illeg] you have given them, & hoping you will have finer weather on Tuesday the 29 th & that you will favour me with the Results of the party when finished, I am
My dear Sir yours very truly | W. Spence
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+[JSH has written ‘a sterophone’]
+I shall be very thankful for the larvae from the capsules of Chlora perfoliata, but having started on my pilgrimage to Aberdeen, I should be glad if you would keep them for me till my return on the 24 th inst. I have often looked for larvae on the Chlora but never found any.
I was glad to see the programme of your next gathering
+Yours very sincerely | H. T. Stainton
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+The insect is as anticipated Pterophorus Loewii.
+I return one of the specimens herewith; for the other pray accept my best thanks as it is a nice addition to my collection
+Yours very sincerely | H. T. Stainton
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+I send you the special Report (drawn up by D r Sharpey), upon the case of M r J. H. Jackson, in regard to whom you will doubtless recollect that the Examiners thought that a recommendation should be made to the Senate, in the event of his satisfying the Examiners in Anatomy of his competency in that subject.
When you have signed it, will you be good enough to forward it to M r Kiernan |30 Manchester Street |Manchester Square W.
Believe me | yours faithfy | William B Carpenter
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+It is a long time since any thing passed between us, -- but I fear I am myself in fault, as if I am not mistaken you were the last to write.— I heard too the other day, in a roundabout way, how full your letter clip was of unanswered letters:— as none of mine was among them, I could hardly expect that these would be passed over to attend to me. The same informant told me how busy you were with engagements abroad & occupations at home. This is nothing new, — & if your correspondents are to wait till your hands are free & your head vacant, they may wait for ever.— I ought, perhaps, to have, written sooner to congratulate you on George’s marriage, but to say the truth, I hardly knew whether it was a matter of congratulations or not.— Louisa, I suppose, who was keeping house for him, now gives place to the new comer, & is returned upon your hands. — This you will be glad of, as you would hardly like to be without some of your children to keep you company.— I was sorry not to see you when you visited Elizabeth in Bath: we were in Gloucestershire at the time, where I left Jane with her family whilst I paid a visit to Charles in Kent, after which we both returned here & never went to the sea this summer. I felt however much better for the little outing I had, & am now as well as I was before my illness.— What think you of Darwin’s book?— Perhaps, however you saw it all in mss. He was good enough to send me a copy, which I am reading with great avidity;— I have not as yet had time to get far, but agree with him in a great deal of what I have mastered. Still I fear he is prepared to go to such lengths that we shall part company, in regard to our views about species, before I reach the last chapter of his work. Is he really prepared inclined to the opinion — that all animals & plants have descended from one prototype, —say— as the reviewer in last Saturday’s Athenaeum says, — that “a cabbage (or anything else I suppose) may have been the parent plant, — a fish the parent animal. If too there has never been any subsequent creation of species since the protozoic ages, how does he get over the fact of man’s existence, without holding him to be a mere modified monkey! In the same Athenaeum above alluded to, I read with interest your letter on the ‘Celts in the flint”; — but I do not quite understand your “younger man”, who first says he is “positive that some (celts) had occurred in the bed where the fossils are met with”, — & afterwards, on being closer questioned by you, says “They (who believed this) must be very simple-folk to think so, &c.—” Is there nor some contradiction here between his two statements?—
Have you heard that Hope, who presented all his Entomological collections & Books to the University of Oxford a few years back, now comes forward with an offer to found and endow a Zoological Professorship there, if they will accept it. The thing is not done yet in a formal way, —but if adopted & carried out, I hope Cambridge will in due time follow the example.— Is anything more stirring on the subject of new museums, &c— My wife is much as usual, & joins in kind love to Louisa & yourself.—
+Yours affectly— | L. Jenyns.
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+I am glad that you have been over to Hoxne to look at the brick-pit there but could have wished that before writing to the Athenaeum, you had also heard the result of my visit there in company with M r Prestwich, M r Gunn & others – You may depend upon it that the version given you by the Workmen as to the position in which these implements have been found is entirely incorrect— M r Frere who first gave an account of their discovery in 1797. had no object in view that c. d possibly lead to a misstatement of the parts of the discovery which he had apparently investigated upon the spot— and his account of the bed in which they were r Prestwich gathered from the oldest workmen on the spot— He also states that the “extraordinary bones” were found in the sand above the flint weapons— I am afraid you cannot have seen this account which you will find at p:204 of the 11. th Vol. of the Archaeologia. There is nothing strange in some being found on & near the surface, though I did not hear of any having been thus discovered— M r Frere states that numbers were thrown away & taken to mend the roads & the inclination of the beds of drift, which you would probably have perceived is in an opposite direction to the slope of the hill, must bring them to the surface as you descend towards the stream— There is one thing that very much surprises me, that the workmen should have assured you that these flint weapons were never found at a depth of more than 1 or 2 feet from the surface, when they must have known if they did not mention it that I myself found one only a month before in the gravel thrown out from a depth of 8 feet in a trench we had sunk in undisturbed soil near the edge of the pit— I saw one in situ at Amiens 17 feet below the surface & M r Howse exhumed one on the same spot at a depth of 20 feet— I am glad that at all events there is no question on your mind of their being of human workmanship. The notion of these shapes being produced by chemical action as suggested by D r Ogden or by fortuitous collisions as M r Wright would have it, is simply absurd— Some of those found in Kent’s Hole, of which I have seen lithographs but cannot trace where the originals have got to, are exactly the same in form as some of the Abbeville specimens & one of those I have seen from Hoxne—
I have no doubt that in a few years time there will be ample evidence collected to prove the coexistence of man with the latest of the extinct animals to the satisfaction of the most skeptical & the result may possibly be that we shall have to consider the latest geological changes of more recent occurrence than has hitherto been supposed. I understand that some flint implements analogous to those from Amiens and Hoxne have been found in the deepest excavations made at Babylon— but I have not yet seen them— have not written in reply to your letter, to the Athenaeum as I was rather tempted to do, but I should not be surprised if M r Prestwich were to take up the gauntlet you have thrown down, in which case pray see cause to reconsider your opinions— Have you met with anything of numismatic interest lately? I have seen but very little— Excuse this lengthy letter & believe me
Yours very truly | John Evans
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+I was much grieved to learn from your kind letter the demise of my respected old friend John Brown, and I am deeply touched by the mark of his regard— so wholly unexpected by me. I would certainly have paid my respect to his memory by attending his remains to the grave if it had been possible for me to have absented myself from the Museum on Monday & Tuesday next. But we are just in the midst of the most important work —for one Department— the question of enlargement or severance. L. d Palmerston & all the Ministers attended the Meeting last Saturday, going into the question in earnest; & there are almost daily Committees & Subcommittees, requiring reports & much & various information: so that I dare not & cannot now be absent for a day.
When I again hear from you I will determine what steps to take.
+I have no Museum or specimens of my own & always transfer specimens presented to me personally, to such public museums as they may be most useful in. It will require a personal inspection to determine which may be best for the British Museum, which for Ipswich. Meanwhile,
+Believe me | most truly your’s,| R. d Owen
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+I have just received 2 copies of the 5th Vol. of Miegen one of which is for you. The Soc's copy of the 4th is also come. Curtis adds that he has duplicates of the following works very cheap – if you or any one wants them they must apply immediately.
+Viz. Sturm's Deutschlands fauna 6 vol. with 163 colour plates .... 3 guineas Illiger's Olivier, 96 col. plates containing the Scarabidae, Hexoda and Hister. £2.10.0.
+He wants any local plants immediately.
+Yours truly | J.S. Henslow
+PS. He does not give the price of Meigen [?]
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+I have heard from Lord [illeg] of that you perhaps be kind enough to send me your report of the Exhibition of Garden produce by the poor. I am anxious to establish something of the kind in the Parish on a small scale & any kind hints you might be kind enough to offer I should be very thankful for. I don’t know if it is desirable that the prizes should be small or large in amount or if it is
& believe me | yours truly | E Coke
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+I must return you Cap. t Corranne’s letter though I have not much time to add a reply to yours— The fact is, that there is a great difference in form workmanship & finish between the flint implements from the Drift and those of the socalled Celtic period all which I pointed out to the Royal & Antiq. n Societies and which will I suppose in due course appear in print— When you come here, I will show you in what points I make the differences to coexist as I have a considerable number of both periods— I think our last letters crossed & in your next I hope you will be able to fix a day for coming here— but the going must not be the next day— Wishing you many happy years I remain in haste
yours very sincerely | John Evans.
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+We wish you & yours a happy new year tho’ I hardly know whether you have any of your family with you at present besides Louisa. — Leonard, I suppose, is too far off to have joined your Xmas dinner party, & George too, much taken up with his new wife. — I have just finished Darwin’s book, & should very much like to know what you think of it when you have got through it yourself—. I am not at all indisposed to accept his theory in part, — tho’ perhaps he would say — if in part — how can you refuse to go the whole way with me upon the same reasoning. — I am no stickler for the multitudes of so-called species treated or adopted by so many naturalists of the present day, — & can imagine the Genera, & perhaps families, when perfectly natural, to have originated in a single stock; — but when I think of a Whale or an Elephant by the side of a little mouse & am told they have the same parentage, I stand aghast at the boldness of the assumption: still more if it is attempted to bring together in the same way, (only throwing their beginnings back to a far more remote period of time,) — the vertebrate, annulose, & other leading types of the animals of kingdom. — To this latter step, & still more to tracing all organised beings to one source there seems to me the objection that does not ly ie against the possibility of one a single class, such as birds, being all modified descendants of some form, viz that there are no connecting limbs, — no intermediate forms, or hardly any, either recent or fossil to be met with. — The existence of man too seems to me the great difficulty of all. I was beginning to think he had passed over this matter entirely, — till almost in the last page I find him saying that his theory “throws light on the origins of men & his history.” — This can only be a civil way of saying that my great, great, &c. &c. grandfather was an oran-outang. — Will this go down with the majority of readers, — do you not feel the dignity of your pedigree thereby impeached? — But soberly, — tho’ I am not one of those who generally mix up scripture & science, I cannot see what sense or meaning is to be attached to Gen. ii, v.7, & especially vs. 21 & 22, — respecting the origin of woman, — if the human species at least is not to be allowed to have had an independent creation, — but to have merely come into the world by ordinary descent from previously existing races of living beings, whatever these latter may be supposed to be! — Neither can I assent to the doctrine that man’s reasoning faculties, — & above all his moral sense, — could ever have been obtained from irrational progenitors, — by mere natural selection acting however gradually, & for whatever length of time that may be required. — This seems to me to be doing away altogether with the divine image, —w. h forms the insurmountable distinction between man & brutes.—
What severe cold we have had till lately & now what wet: even here, in my sheltered garden, the therm r was as low as 15 o. — Now we have a flood of water, & the bridge by w. h I cross the brook to my parish of Wooley carried away: — I shall have to make a round tomorrow morning to get to Church.
My wife joins me in kind love, & many good wishes, to Louisa & yourself. — We are both tolerable.
+Your’s affect ly | L. Jenyns
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+I am glad to find that you at last see your way to a day for coming here— and as it is the sooner the better in such a case. I shall hope to see you on either Tuesday the 17. th or Wedy the 18. th The worst is that I have to read a paper at the Antiquaries about some other flint implements on Thursday the 19. th and thus if you come on the Wednesday I should only have the pleasure of your company for one evening here— and if you come on the Tuesday, there is some little risk of your not being in time for the 5.20 train from Euston to Kings Langley— In case of your missing it there is however another *train at 5.45— which would take you to Boxmoor & give you a short evening here I suppose you must go to Kew for one evening; but would not Saturday do for your return— If so, please come here on Wedy & stay till then and we can go to the Antiquaries together— If not, arrange to come either on Tuesday or Wednesday as falls in best with your views & let me know by which train you will come that I may send to meet you— I shall be in town on Tuesday myself— Davis has a paper for the Ant s on the 19. th on some flint implements from Babylon.
In haste believe me | yours very sincerely | John Evans.
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+Many thanks for your two kind letters— I was very sorry yesterday that I was not able to get up to London as I should have liked very much to have met you in Jermyn Street— I find by your letter today that when I go there next, I shall hear of something to my advantage[.] Pray accept my best thanks for the Saxon urn which will be a very valuable addition to my little collection— The New Zealand Celt will also be of much value for comparison with our native and pre-native productions— Miss Stewart desires me to thank you for your kindness in sending her the Botanical papers into which she is beginning to gain some little insight— We are all lost in admiration of your schoolgirls— M r Johns was over here today in pursuit of some Siskins and told me he had heard from you— He had enjoyed his evening with you very much— I hope next time you come here you will be able to spare us a little more time— If you are summoned up to London again remember how accessible we are & try if you cannot make your headquarters here—
I gave them a paper at the Antiquaries the evg after you left us, on the flint implements from Reigate— I don’t think there was one in five of my audience who believed a word I said nor one in ten who took any interest in the implements— It was really absurd to see the utter unbelief of some of the F. S. A's. But I must try to improve their education. The fact is that most of them are Mediaeval people if they are antiquaries at all and very few know anything in the world of the provincial and purely British antiquities. I met with a few nice coins on Thursday or rather had them knocked down to me at a sale.— One of them a ‘semi—unique half sovereign of Edward VI & another a very pretty large brass of Agrippina— I am sorry to have to write in such a hurry but I would not let another post pass without writing to thank you— M rs Evans desires to be kindly remembered to you & with kind regards
I remain, | yours very sincerely | John Evans
+Poor D r Nicholson the other night after an hour and a half’s wandering in dark lanes found himself again at my garden-gate!
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+I regret to find by the Note which I return to you that my old Geological Friend should have contributed any elementary hindrance instead of helping you in the settlement of Affairs under a Testamentary Document so clearly and ably drawn up as that of our good old Friend’s.
+I feel obliged by M r Laing’s good opinion in suggesting my name as a Trustee under the Will and with pleasure shall accept that office if you & M r Laing find it practicable and desirable that I should do so. If any expense be attached to the performance of its duties they will, I presume, be destrained out of the estate. With you as coadjutor I feel at ease about the responsibilities of the office. Will you kindly tell me the name of the person now in charge of the house & museum, to whom I may write stating the day when my Assistant will arrive to superintend the packing & removal of the specimens & books.
Believe me, | very sincerely your’s, | Richard Owen.
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+A careful Assistant in the Geol. Department will proceed, one day next week, to Stanway & superintend the packing of the Museum, Books & Philos. l Instruments. He will require the assistance of a Carpenter, for which he will pay, to inclose the cabinets in a defensive kind of ‘crate’, suitable for protection by luggage train.
Perhaps M. r Laing could recommend a suitable handicraftsman to proceed, with his tools, from Colchester, in company with our M. r Davis to Stanway. I will direct Davis to call on M. r Laing in Colchester, for this purpose, on his way to Stanway: and I will give Davis a note to M. r Wagstaff. This, I presume, will meet all the exigencies of the case.
The estimate & catalogue can only be made here, as we unpack and examine the specimens. As soon as completed it shall be forwarded to M. r Laing.
I assure you I read with interest M. r Gwatkins’s Essay: it was impossible not to see in it the thoughts of a very superior mind. It seems to me, indeed, to be lost time to attempt to reconcile what at present is irreconcilable; and the very brief period allotted to our finite operations is better applied to the establishment or advancement of either religious or natural truths. But to assail the foundations of the former, by speculations however ingenious, & by hypothetical conditions and collocations, seems to be a worse waste of time than attempted reconciliations.
Believe me, | Ever truly your’s, | Richard Owen.
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+I have received a letter from M. r Acton of Grundisburgh near Woodbridge offering to sell a magnificent collection of mammals bones crag shells &c &c Do you know any thing about the collector & his Collection? He says nothing about the price— But I fear the sum will be out of the reach of the University:; & I cannot a second time undertake the the task of sending circulars to the Members of the University & asking for help. The labour was enormous in a former case including me in a frightful correspondence— many persons responded nobly; but I cannot ask them a second time—
I came back to an examination in the early part of this week— The Xmas vacation I spent partly in Norwich & partly in Dent My sister-in –Law is better than I expected to find her; & my niece Isobella was quite well when I left them at Dent— They are now living in a cottage to which my old Father retired when he gave up the Church duty, & in which he died: & it so fell out that Isobella first saw light in that cottage. There also my dear Sister Isobel (the darling companion of my childhood) died in January 1823. So the cottage has many associations (some sunny & some gloomy, but very bright & cheery to my memory) on the whole) which make it look feel like a home, & make it the most beloved house in Dent next to the old parsonage— When do you come to see us? How are you? When the [illeg] bucks up I will try to see Annie.— While writing this, Martin has been going thro’ log statistics to which I have given wonderful attention. Ecce signum: in the shape of these three pages so no more at present from
Yours affectionately | A Sedgwick
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+The ominous silence in M. r Laing’s letter as to the condition I annexed to the acceptance of the Trusteeship, pretend that it cannot be fulfilled. And indeed, on reflection, as it is a post-testamentary arrangement, I suppose the estate could not be charged with any expence that a Trustee might have to incur, or give any guarantee against contingent risks. I suppose, therefore, I must limit my trouble to the duties assigned to me by our good old friend, viz., the disposition of his pupils to the best scientific application.
Yours very sincerely, | Richard Owen.
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+I called in the Museum of Pract l Geology the other day & brought away the box you so kindly left there for me and now write to thank you for the contents—
You will be sorry to hear that I found the poor Saxon urn in a state of collapse— I have however succeeded in restoring it though hardly in so perfect a manner as you had originally done— The model of the urn with the inscription is exceedingly good— I have not however arrived as yet at the meaning of the inscription— In fact I have hardly as yet had time to examine it, as last night all my spare time was devoted to the rebuilding of the Saxon urn & the night before I had to give a Mech’s Institute Lecture. The stone axe from the Sandwich Islands is very peculiar in the shape of its cutting-edge, but I have one from the Orkneys as nearly as may be of the same shape— A day or two ago I met with a splendid Saxon relic— a circular plate about 3. in diam. r similar to a fibula but apparently intended for attaching to leather— It is of copper strongly gilt ornamented with five bosses of mother of pearl each set with a garnet and with the field all betwisted and beplaited as the Saxons knew how to twist and plait—
[ink sketch of plate]
+This will give you some idea of it—It is in perfect preservation & was I believe found in Cambridgeshire. I am going down to the land of Saxon Antiquities tomorrow to spend a day or two at Audley End with Lo. Braybrook and Albert Way— I have never seen his collections—and expect to be much pleased— I had a letter from McGunn the other day who had been at Hoxne and found one of the flint implements in the bank close to the road at a depth of 9 or 10f t. I daresay you have heard of or from him—
M. rs Evans desires to be kindly remembered as also does Miss Stewart who is getting up the natural system very diligently—
Believe me | yours very sincerely | John Evans.
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+The arrival of another parcel of your rare plants from Kent, lays me under additional obligations, for which I return sincere thanks — they are truly acceptable— I trust you will find something worth your attention in the bundle which I now send you in return— A residence in the Highlands of Scotland for more than two months, tho' much interrupted by wet weather & indisposition, has enabled me to collect & preserve a considerable number of rare plants of that country, some of which cannot fail to be useful for the purpose of forming a part of the various herbaria on which you are now engaged I have also endeavoured to supply the deficiencies of the former collection I sent you, by enclosing good specimens of as many plants growing hereabouts, as I had leisure to dry in the course of the last season, and hope they will not come too late, to be useful— I have much reason to thank you for the introduction to D r Hooker, having experienced much gratification & advantage during the short acquaintance. I have had with him— It was in consequence of his invitation to accompany him to Killin in Perthshire, that I was induced to go so far from home last Summer, otherwise I had concluded to spend the season in Westmorland— As I was not in a condition to bear the fatigues of continued exertion, I thought it best to remain stationary in Killin, rather than take any extensive ramble thro' the Highlands — my collection is on this account not so remarkable for its great variety, as for its containing a plentiful supply of each sort, & gathered in good condition— I could have sent more specimens of Juncus castaneus, Arenaria rubella, Woodsia hyperboria, Alchemilla alpina, Gnaphalium supinum, Juncus trifidus, Trientalis europæa, Sibbaldia procumbens, Veronica saxatilis, Tofieldia palustris, Carex capilllaris, C. atrata, Cornus Suecica, and Myosotis alpestris, without at all impoverishing my collection, but as I have not yet distributed any among my friends, I thought it best to retain a sufficient supply, & only send you so much as I thought would be really wanted— Should, therefore, a further supply of any of them be at all desirable, you will only have to mention it, in order that I may retain, all that can conveniently be spared, to be sent you at some future opportunity— I am greatly-delighted with your new plant Althaea hirsuta; and wild specimens, so beautifully dried, are highly welcome— I learn from Sir J E Smith, that Isnardia palustris has been lately found growing wild in Sussex, by M r W. Borrer— I was much pleased with your account of the Cowslip & its change, by particular management, to the state of the Oxlip — It had never struck me that Viola hirta & odorata were so nearly related, before you communicated to me your suspicions of the fact — on comparison of the two plants there exists an extraordinary similarity between them, and you are probably in the right— It may confirm your opinion, to be told, that I learned from M r Bentham (whom I saw at D r Hookers) that the flowers of Viola hirta in France, has sometimes the fragrance of V. odorata— I have never observed this circumstance in Wales— M r Roberts I understand is more closely occupied than ever with his professional engagements but he faithfully promises to spend a few days in a botanical excursion with me if I visit Bangor during the winter, which I intend for the purpose of collecting mosses. The parcel for him will be very acceptable I know; & I will take care that he receives it before long.—
Lemna gibba has been again fertile, & I have preserved a few more specimens, and collected a quantity of seeds for D r Hooker— L. minor I observed in flower, for the first time, in June last— I think this species hardly ever ripens produces perfectly mature seeds — I was not able to procure any—
While in the Highlands I was fortunate enough to detect the real fructification of Jungermannia Blasia—it was in a very early stage, but sufficiently obvious, to satisfy me that it was a Jungermannia— All the specimens I found (about two or three at the most), I dissected; and so, cannot send away—
+Carex curta is abundant about Killin, & occurs in swampy ground in the vallies, as well as near the summits of the mountains, at an elevation of 3500 feet—
+While at D r Hookers, I had the pleasure of seeing M r Winch of Newcastle from whom I was glad to know, you had received & specimens of Cypripedium calceolus— I hardly expect to find it in Lancashire—
The specimen of Galium (a duplicate of which you have from me, if I mistake not) gathered near Pen MaenMawr in Caernarvonshire, & abundant in various parts of Wales, which I sent to Sir J E Smith, I am informed is "certainly is G. Witheringii, of a remarkably large size—" I still think it nothing more than the rough variety of G. palustre, occurring frequently about Warrington—
+I was in hope to be able to send you Gentiana nivalis from Ben Lawers, but I searched in vain for a third specimen— one of the two which I did find, I left with D r Hooker, who had never before been able to obtain it, and who, as the Author of the Flora Scotica, might be said to have the strongest claim to possess it— of every other plant which I found in the Highlands I believe I have sent you duplicates, with the exception of some common mosses, &c— with best wishes
I remain | Yours very faithfully | W. Wilson
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+I am directed by the Senate to communicate to you the accompanying Resolution which was adopted at its meeting on the 16. th inst.
If, therefore, you should desire to offer yourself as a Candidate for the office you now hold, for the ensuing year, you will be good enough to send in your application after the announcement of the vacancies, which will probably be published in a week from this date.
+I am, Sir, | your obed t Serv t| Will m B Carpenter
P.S. I should add that it is proposed to appoint Two Examiners in Botany, to perform all the duties conjointly, at a Salary of £75 each.
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+I have to thank you for a sermon on “Sudden Death” received a few days since. The subject of death had been brought home to us here at this present time by the decease of M. rs Daubeny, my wife’s mother, which took place on Monday morning last. Her’s however, was not a sudden end, as her health had been declining several years, & her weakness had greatly increased of late. Still her last illness was short, and Jane was hardly prepared for losing her quite so soon.— Jane’s own health too has been so very indifferent all the winter that she is the less able to sustain any heavy trial of this nature. She was quite unequal to going to Ampney to see her mother before she died,— which of course renders the separation more painful.— Still I hope her spirits will rally after a time, & that, when the warm weather comes (so long upon its road this year) — & she is able to get more out into the air, — her health & strength likewise will improve.— I suppose after Easter you will be going to Cambridge to lecture.— I again entertain a hope of being able to meet you there, — tho’ whether I may be able to realize it any better than last year is very uncertain.— Independently of our plans being a little unsettled in consequence of M rs Daubenys death, which may lead to family movements, in which Jane & myself may have to take part,—there is another circumstance I may mention, & for which perhaps you are not prepared by any thing you have already heard. —That is— that we are about to change our house, —& I am not sure whether another party will not take our present one off our hands as soon as we are disposed to give it up!— We should not naturally have quitted, till Mich s, —but if I can save a quarter’s rent in this way, — having already taken another house from this Lady Day, — it would be very desirable, & we should then leave at Mids r.— This would entail my being at home to look more after our new residence, which is being entirely done up afresh, — that it may be ready in time, — & I should have very much to do & attend to connected with the removal of all my effects.— Several circumstances have combined to make us desirous of getting nearer to Bath, independently of certain inconveniences in the house in which we are now: Principally, however, it is in order to be nearer Elizabeth, who being an invalid like Jane, the two hardly ever meet as things are. I had also determined not to hold on to my Curacy of Woolley another winter, which, from the very cold church at that season, & the wet fatiguing walk to it, I found trying to my health. — I hope to get duty at Bathwick Church instead, in which parish (close adjoining Bath) our new house is, — & which is held with Woolley by my present rector.— Our intended residence is very nicely situated— scarcely 10 minutes from the station,— & likely to suit us well, tho’ of course not everything one c d wish, which it is vain to look for.—
I hope when you write next, you will be able to give a good account of all, especially of Louisa, who we were very sorry to hear had not been well of late. With our kind love to her,—
+Your’s affectionately | L. Jenyns
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+Thanks for your letter of yesterday & doubly so as it holds out the prospect that you will pay me a visit. You ask my plans & I will just say what they are.
+I am unfortunately under engagement for next week in the Country up to Wednesday Tuesday 13 th on which day I return to London & shall be here till Thursday the 26 th. when I shall be away for a fortnight.
My plan has been to leave London [London] on Saturday but if you will be able to come now I will make it Monday in the hope that you may be able to come up tomorrow or Saturday. You are sure to find us here unless I get your letter on Saty morning that you cannot come in which case I shall leave on Saturday.
I ought long since to have thanked your for your kind & prompt reply to my letter from Paris which was in good season as I was detained by my party business much beyond the time I had expected.
+With the aid of your accurate description I had no difficulty in finding the place & ?? that you were well remembered at the Cottage & in the Pits especially so by the fille de Chambre at the Hotel di Rhin who was warm in your praise & protested she gave me the same chamber looking into the garden which you occupied. She knew you were a learned man by your books and your history of Picardy, but you were higher in her estimation when I told her you had been received by the Queen of England to give instruction to her children in science, whereupon she was lost in admiration of your affability.
+My stay at the Pits was short, but I got some 15 celts chiefly very rude ones but comprising several types. They are undoubtedly of the very rudest kind but I greatly suspect some of them have not been finished, & I it not unlikely from the unnatural quantity found in that one spot that the sudden rush which has moved the flints into the Pits has swept over the manufactory of the hatchet maker & carried off his wares made & unmade. Such spots beyond question have been found in Scandinavia and from what I saw in the Obsidian Pits in Mexico where the Aztecs made their celts I know the immense proportion of commenced & unfinished or spoilt ones that occur in such places.
+There is no reason to conclude the San Acheul ones are weapons or that they are in the order of battle.
Viewed as industrial droppings their number is wholly inconsistent with the sparse population which attends so rude a civilisation & consequent difficulty in having the means to live which these rudest of all man's works indicate.
+I was also intimate in my examination of the ?? at the ?? pits on what evidence does their Romanism rest. There must be much about them which is puzzling but I must leave details of them as well as of my visit to M. B de Perthes till we meet.
Always my Dear sir
+Yours very truly | H. Christy
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+I learn that it is the intention of the London University to elect a second examiner of English Language Literature & History. Last year the first, then the sole examiner, in these subjects was elected, and my friend Chistoph. Knight Watson of Trin. Coll. was a candidate. He ran his successful competitor close— & had most honorable support. The names of those who voted for him might well have outweighed the numbers on the other side. I then wrote to you in his favour— & now do so again. I am sure you will be glad, if it be in your power, to support a man so high-principled so well appointed for his work, & now so well known as a public writer. He is indeed one who will do honour to the successful exertions of his friends. I think my friends chance of success an excellent one, but I shall feel exceedingly grateful to you if you can contribute to make it secure,
+Yrs my dear Henslow| very truly | Wm Clark
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+I have signed the Deed appointing me your co-trustee in the settlement of worthy John Brown’s testamentary affairs; and trust I may have no unexpected reason to repent the step—To have you for a co-adjutor was my chief ground for taking it.
+I return M. r Laing’s letter, and have written to him to say that I am prepared to add my signature to any Trust-document or receipt which bears your’s: and I suppose that this is really what is requisite to work the machinery for winding up the affairs.
Believe me, |Dear Henslow, |Ever truly yours, | R. d Owen.
I send by this Post a description of some odd African fossils, which I imagine may seem to D n to be one of the steps from the Crocodile to the Cat!
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+As I want to close my accounts for the current financial year, I shall be glad if you will instruct your man of business to call for the quarter’s salary now due, which he has not drawn as usual.— I have been rather expecting to hear what you have decided about the Examinership; Hooker thinks that you have made up your mind to retire, in which case both he and Lindley will both be candidates, and will I doubt not be elected.— I hope that you do not think that there has been any thing ungracious in the course of the Senate, which has been, I assure you, entirely dictated by regard to the advantage of the University— All the Examinerships are now doubled.
+Yrs most truly| WB Carpenter
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+M r Webb called yesterday with the receipts you had given him, and I handed him the cheque; I therefore return you the other receipt
You will see by the Minutes what the Senate did on Wednesday (in conformity with the plan arranged last year) in regard to applications for Examinerships.
+The Reports of the Committees will be presented to the Senate on the 19. th of April, and the elections will take place on the 25. th
+
Believe me| yours most faithfy | William B. Carpenter
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+May I venture to say that I feel interested in the election of D. r Charles H. Schaibe, candidate for Exam: rship in German, and of S.P. Woodward, V.G.S. Candidate for Exam rship in Geology: if your interest be not bespoke.
Ever your’s | R. d Owen.
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+Many thanks for your Report, letter and extract from the Comptes Rendues— I found the Report very interesting as showing in how effectual a manner a Parish may be worked— The only symptom I don’t like is the absence of Church-rates in so thoroughly a country Parish— but possibly your Parishioners might think themselves behind the age if they continued to pay them “on compulsion”— I had already heard of M. Gosse’s discovery, but am not the less obliged to you for bring it under my notice in a tangible form— M r Mighie had been at the Gravel pit with M. Gosse & had brought away one of the implements of the simple flake character but had seen and then found these chipped out all round— It is very satisfactory for M. De Peithes to have his predictions fulfilled and he was not a little proud of it when I saw him— I was very sorry not to be able to give you longer notice of my visit to France, but it was made quite unexpectedly on my part in consequence of it being thought desirable that I should see Cobden— It was rather a hurried affair altogether but I managed a day at Amiens and a few hours at Abbeville— From St Acheuil I brought away a considerable number of flint implements, but none remarkably fine— I also brought a few teeth & bones— and moreover some nice Roman antiquities including a statuette of Mercury in bronze of very good art— At Abbeville I procured the relics from a Merovingian interment— the spearhead Francisca, fibula and an urn. So my Museum is the richer for my visit to France— Our wretched foreign paper and rag question is not yet settled and that “reckless visionary” the Chanc r of the Exchequer seems determined if he can to sacrifice us in order to let foreign nations know that they may place what restrictions they please on commerce and give any bounty they like on exports and there will be no compunction on the part of our paternal Government at sacrificing any of our home interests that may be affected— Some enlightened Genius has enunciated the principle that “our Legislators must be entirely independent of that of foreign nations” and M r Gladstone is a Pedant who admits of no exceptions to his rules— However we think we shall beat him in the Commons and if not “Thank Heaven there is a House of Lords!” But I must not run off on Rags— My time this Spring has been nearly taken up with this question and I don’t know when we shall get it settled[.] In the mean time I can spare but little time for my other pursuits but have put the engravings of the series of British coins in hand which Fairshott is doing very well— I have a packet of letters come in so goodbye for the present[.] M rs Evans desires to be kindly remembered to you— Miss Stewart I am sorry to say left us yesterday from ill health— If you are coming up to town this summer pray let us see you here—
Yours very sincerely | John Evans.
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+As I pride myself a little upon my punctuality in the transaction of University bursaries, I should be greatly concerned if it could be shown that you had asked me a question that I had not th of June.
I am very glad that we have such successors to you as Hooker & Lindley; though where we are to look when their term is expired, I do not know.— Bentley & Lankester will be a miserable exchange
+The Medical Committee will recommend that all candidates for Medical Degrees shall pass a Preliminary Scientific Examination, corresponding to the First BSc. without the Mathematics. This will have the effect of withdrawing the Botany and Chemistry from the proper Medical Curriculum; which was what I urged when that Curriculum was drawn up more than twenty years ago.
+Believe me | yours most faithfy |William B Carpenter
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+I have deferred acknowledging yr last kind letter till I had a good opportunity of sending another packet of Plants. Thank you most heartily for the parcel of paper &c– It is the best I ever saw for the purpose. It arrived too just when my original stock, wretched stuff as it was, had come to a conclusion. I shall now succeed in the drying part of the business as well to my own satisfaction (as I hope to y. rs– & shall not forget how much I am obliged to you for the means.–
I have directed the Box w.ch contains y. r packet of plants to the Sec. of the Phil. Soc (meaning y.rself) thinking by that means to save you expences; of carriage &c– Besides the more bulky part of its contents, the 2 Corals are intended for the Soc.; if you will will [sic] have the kindness to present them in my name. The Caryophyllia ramasae is a very fine spec. n. & was brought to me with the Animals still alive. The other is rather more frequently brought up here by the Fishermen. It is the Gorgonia verrucosa. I believe Childrien seems inclined to adhere to my original suggestion to him that it is usually allied to G. pustubora of Lu x The fact I believe will turn out that the 3 are var s of each other.– I have not heard a word from any one about the Trans Bach lr & am therefore at a loss what to do. Have the goodness to tell me when I ought to send my Latin letter; – how it is to be addressed; – in short all matters of form &c– When shall I be entitled to receive the salary, & where am I to apply? Is there no possibility of my being allowed to retain it, beyond next July? It certainly seems hard that I sh. d have been kept idle at Cam. a whole year & half waiting expressly for it & making such repeated applications that I was almost ashamed each time to mention the business– & then to be told I might have had it sooner by applying, & to be cut off with one year’s salary. Pray what becomes of the salary for the time it stood vacant? Such an addition to my slender means w. d have been most serviceable, both by enabling me to prolong my stay here & to undertake many expeditions w. ch I have been obliged to abandon. Another year’s residence w. d enable me most satisfactorily to complete my contemplated Fauna & Flora of these Islands for w. ch even as it is I have already ample materials; but if I obtain no more than one year’s salary from this appointment, my scheme, w. ch I have the vanity the hope might prove useful to the scientific world, will be necessarily rendered incomplete if not altogether abortive.–
[vertical text] Please let me hear from you with all speed & give me a full accounting of y r. Bot. acquisitions in France or any other Botanical novelties)
I sent a Box to Sedgwick about 2 months since with a letter but have not yet rec. d his answer.– Hooker is going to send me the whole of the Plates of his Folio work on Ferns (now in the course of publication.) They will be of immense service to me here.–
On second thoughts I shall direct the Box to the care of y. r Brother. I have put into it a parcel of seeds for y. r Bot. Garden & another w. ch you w. d oblige me by forwarding to Berkeley. I have also put in some Batatas (Convolv. Batatas) w. ch are much cultiv.d here & w. d be a great acquisition to our stock of Vegetables. I fear however they will not succeed from the length of time they require to remain in the ground;– being planted in March & the roots taken up in Oct – Jan.y. Besides all the Convolv. you know are very susceptible of injury from frost. Perhaps it w.d be worth while to try them. The first year under a frame. Here they do not usually plant the roots; but when these are taken up, cuttings of the long trailing stems are planted in trenches about 2 f.t apart for the next years crop. This I fear will be an insuperable objection to their ever becoming general in England, as they will probably not be found to increase sufficiently fast by the roots to supply the demand at once for the table & for seed. They like a light rich soil.– The Box I shall put on board the Beaufoy expected to sail on the 10 th Nov. r.– bound for London.
If you are disposed to try one of the Batatas, they require a great deal of boiling, an hour’s at least. Sweet Potatoe is a complete misnomer;– they more resemble Parsnips. They sh. d be pared before boiling to make them mealy, boiled quick like Potatoes:– [end of vertical text]
I had a long letter last week from Hooker who seems much pleased with one packet of plants I sent having—several of w ch. I am gratified to find he agrees with me in considering as new. I send you spec ns. of one of these, Grammitis, N o. 21. Take notice of the beautiful & rare Lamarckia (Chrysurus, Spr.) aurea , & of Campanula aurea, Habenaria cordata, Carthamus salicifolius, & in the 2 former being rariss.— I shall have some beautiful & rare Lichens Mosses &c. for you in the next package. I have been very successful on the whole, particularly in Zoophytes, Mollusca, Fishes &c— In short I have neglected nothing & have described everything & figured many of my acquisitions. I have nearly completed the Catalogue of Madeira Birds &c with the assistance… [page stuck over one line]… of the Insects. This for L. Jenyns; for whom many duplicates are destined. My kind regards to him & all friends at Cam.
Believe me | y rs very sincerely | R. T. Lowe
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+I scarcely know whether you will have heard or not before this reaches you, of the visitation which it has pleased God to send me. So little indeed has passed between us for many weeks, almost months, — that you may not have been aware of Jane’s increasing illness up to the time of her being taken from me early in the morning of yesterday.— I wrote to Elizabeth yesterday asking her to communicate the sad intelligence to yourself & Louisa, but lest there should have been an omission in her part, for she has been very poorly herself & had several other letters to write, — I determined to send you a few lines today that you might not be left in ignorance of what has occurred.— I should say Jane’s health had been more than usually failing since the winter, the severity of which pulled her down a great deal. For about ten days previous to her death she kept her bed entirely; — & though I was quite aware she was not likely to recover,— it was conceived by the medical men who attended her that she might have continued many more weeks. In this, however, they were wrong. A great change showed itself on Saturday afternoon, & on Sunday it was more apparent that her end was near. She expired 10 minutes after midnight, i.e. early on Monday morg. She did not suffer much at the last, & had all her faculties about her up to within two or three minutes of her being taken.— Two of her sisters were with me at the time, & will remain for the present. The funeral is to take place on Friday, & she will [be] buried in the Churchyard of this village. She had been more or less of a sufferer, as you know, for so many years, — & tasted so little of the enjoyment of the present life, that I cannot but acquiesce in that dispensation of Providence which has removed her to a better. You must excuse my adding a word more at present, as a man waits for the letters!— With kind love to Louisa, believe me,
+My dear Henslow | Your’s affectly | L. Jenyns
+P.S. I congratulate you on the birth of another grandchild, & hope Fanny is going on well.
+I direct this to Hitcham supposing you are back.—
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+I have noticed in the paper that you have lately been giving the Royal Children a Course of Lectures on Botany. I cannot doubt they were very good, for you would of course do your best, —not that you needed such a stimulus— but, under such circumstances you would of course take unusual pains. And I believe that such would be the general impression, and that consequently the public would be well inclined to buy an Introduction to Botany by you, & written by you for such a purpose. If you have any idea of publishing them, I shall be much obliged by your communicating with me.
+I have but little doubt that hungry publishers have already attacked you, I hope in vain, & if I had not written, you might perhaps think we were indifferent in the matter
+Believe me My Dear Sir | yours sinly | W m Longman.
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+Can you enlighten me as to the species of trees to which the enclosed leaves belong— They appear to me to be Holly of two kinds but I am no judge on these points[.] The leaves were found in an Irish bog at a depth of 30 feet— with stems of various trees above— If they are of any interest to you pray retain them and I will also try to procure some more specimens for you— They seem curiously well preserved for the length of time which they must have been imbedded— Can you form any estimate of the length of time that it would take for 30 feet of peat to accumulate under ordinary circumstances. The rate of accumulation must I should think vary very considerably under different conditions. There is no very recent intelligence on the flint implement question. The discovery at Paris of which you sent me notice is the last of which I have heard. Of course you saw or heard Lord Wrottesley’s speech at Oxford— I am just seeing about having some specimens engraved for my paper in the Archaeologia—but have hardly time for anything having still Gladstone to fight & my partner in London laid up with smallpox— He is now recovering— We are all well here and shall be glad to see you whenever you are coming up London-wards— With united kind regards
+believe me | yours very sincerely | John Evans.
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+I feel that I have been guilty of great omission in not having sooner written to thank you for your last letter, — in which you expressed so much sympathy with me in respect of my late severe loss.— You were also good enough to ask me to Hitcham, where, however, I could not well arrange to go at present.— I have been intending a letter to you almost every day for the last month,—but have been so much engaged with moving into my new house, where, as you see above, I am now located; I have scarce had time to think of anything else.— The fatigue & labour of transferring all one’s effects even without distance is very great, & in my case was more troublesome than it would be to most persons from the extent of my library.— You know also how naturalists gradually accumulate collections & apparatus, & a multitude of articles more or less connected with their pursuits, which the rest of the world neither possess nor care anything about. (I should be sorry indeed to have to pack up & move even to the next parish all the multifarious contents of your study.) — I am happy to say I have got everything conveyed safely, — and am beginning to settle down in my new abode, which promises to be very comfortable after a time when I shall have been able to set things to rights. — The house has been entirely done up afresh from the top to bottom, — & is both convenient in itself and in its situation.— It is very cheerful & airy, with a splendid panoramic view of Bath from the upper windows.— Neither is it without a garden, — both before & behind, tho’ the former is of course small.— I shall not stop to put everything in its place, — before going away for a change, which, after so much harassing work of late, coming close upon my first trial, — I feel to need very much.— I intend next week, going to Ampney, where I shall probably remain during August.— After that I may probably visit the Georges at Anglesea, who want me to come that way, — unless I accompany some of the Daubenys to the sea. — I cannot conveniently go Eastward this year, but hope nothing will stop me from really getting to Cambridge another year, if all is well, during the time of your lectures.
+I am sorry I was not able to meet you & D r Hooker at the Botanic Garden at Oxford during the week of the Association, but it was quite out of the question under the circumstances.— I congratulate you on the birth of another grandchild, & hope Amy & her little one are both going on well. Pray give her, as well as Louisa, my love and say that I had both their letters, & was glad to find what I had sent them proved acceptable. — I wish I could hear of Louisa being stronger & in better health, than she was reported to be in a letter from your sister to Elizabeth, when she wrote to announce Amy’s confinement.— I see in the List of publications in the Athenaeum “Henslow & Skepper’s Flora of Suffolk”: —who is your coadjutor in this work, whose name I never heard of?— Has not Babington also been doing something with the Flora of Cambsh?— I hardly know what.—
Believe me, your’s affectionately | L. Jenyns.
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+Thanks for your letter. I this day have begun my residence: & here D.G. I am to remain till the end of September.
+Annie is I trust going on as well as possible & the little one flourishing like a bay tree.—The judges did not hang me by the neck: but they gave me a dinner in our Lodge, & I gave them one in Hall. After they went I had some hard work among my papers, & I came hither on Monday Evening that I might be reader for a Chapter that was held yesterday; & when it was done I made a start with my great pile of unanswered letters which by hard work I have considerably reduced in size. In about a fortnight I expect my Sister in Law & my niece Isabella to come to me & remain till the end of my residence.
+My Sister in Law is so infirm of health that I fear I shall not be able to be so hospitable as I could wish & as I used to be. But it so would delight me to see some of your family party in a quiet way
+I mean to have the party of the minor Canons before th the ladies join me
At present I am in perfect solitude. Love to all your girls— especially dear Annie
+Ever affectionately yours | A Sedgwick
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+I was glad to receive your letter this morning on my return from Aldborough—as it reminded me of my intention to write to you this week to try if I could not arrange a meeting with you down in Suffolk. I was however going to have asked you whether you could not manage to come to us there for a few days early in September when we shall have moved into a larger house than that we now occupy, but I see from your letter you are engaged elsewhere— Perhaps we may induce you to come over after your return from Abbeville— I wish much I could have gone with you thither, but I have rather set my heart on taking a walk along the Norfolk cost that week & seeing some of the Pleiocene & Pleistocene deposits of that district— I suppose you could hardly put off your visit to France for a week and give me the benefit of your company for a three or four days walk— Prestwich seems quite unable to get away for more than a day or two at a time as his partner is away— He is however coming down with me on Saturday staying a few hours at Mannington on the way and if he can possibly manage it we propose visiting Hoxne on the Monday— driving over from Framlingham— It is so doubtful whether he will be able to accomplish this that I don’t like asking you to meet us, but if your French journey would keep for a few days, I would meet you at Norwich or anywhere else on the Tuesday and devote the rest of the week to seeing whatever is to be seen— As to the Harkes— If I were you I would go to Amesius first and visit the pits at St Acheuil which will give you a better idea of the axebearing Drift than any of those at Abbeville— I would then go to Abbeville and see M. de Peithes collection and the pits at the Moulin Luignon Porte St Gilles and Menchecourt— and afterwards return to Amiens and revisit St Acheuil and see the sand pits at St Boch[.] You will find M. de Peinthes ready to give you every information at Abbesville & he can recommend you to a guide who would show you the various pits—[JSH divides the letter with a pencil line at this point] At Amiens you will find M. Garnier at the Bibliothèque most obliging in furnishing information— If he is absent you had better call on M. Prisard architect there who has paid considerable attention to the subject— M. Ferguson fils. an Englishman at Amiens would be most particularly flatté if you called on him & you would find him probably the most ready of the three to act as your cicerone— I wish I were going with you myself to act in that capacity, but I cannot manage it— I don’t know of anyone else who is likely to be going over at present— I have applied for some more of the leaves from the Irish bog but have not yet received any— I shall send this to be posted in London on the morning so as to save a post— If there is any hope of my meeting you next week or if I can give you any further information, pray write at once— I shall be here this Saturday morning but go up to town in time to leave Bishopsg e S t at 11.27. In haste believe me
Yours very sincerely | John Evans.
+[on reverse in JSH’S hand in pencil:
+Garnier – Biblioteque
+Prisard – Architect
+Ferguson fils –
+Dauphiny – avocat
+Petel –
+Clemence –
+Guigon – Ingeneur
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+I hope that by this time my answer to your first letter is with you, but I will send a few lines in reply to your second— I am sorry that I cannot go with you to Abbeville, as I have already explained, but I hope you will not find yourself at a loss for guides as M. De Perthes is a host in himself— If he is from home as possibly he may be, you had better enquire for M. Marcotte. Who by the way is great in entomology and natural history [underlined by JSH] — At Amiens I think M. Ferguson fils will put you in the way of seeing every thing— The connexion between the sands of Marchecourt and the gravel of the Champ de Mars & Moulin Quignon — and that between the sands of St Roch and the gravels of St Acheul seem to me points to which your particular attention may be well directed— The existence of similar drift on the opposite side of the valley of the Somme and the absence or presence in it of flint implements is another point that has yet to be cleared up— I find M.r Gunn talks of starting for Switzerland on Monday or Tuesday you had better look out for him— I was in hopes to have got him to show me a part of the Norfolk coast—
I am very busy clearing my way for a weeks absence so farewell— a pleasant journey to you— I hope we may meet on your return as I shall be anxious to hear your account of your examination—
+Yours very sincerely | John Evans.
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+I send you a line in the hopes that it may reach you before you start tomorrow to say that M. de Peithes is in Edinburgh at the present time— He came over about Friday and Prestwich saw him. I think he stays over here a fortnight or three weeks— M r Prestwich desires his kind regards and agrees with me that you cannot do better than apply to M. Marcotte— he is also of the same opinion as I was about taking Amiens first— There is a place called Mantort & on the road from thence to Moysenville are some pits where flint imp. ts have been found[.] This about two miles from Abbeville and on the other side of the valley of the Somme and well worth particular attention[.] It is the last pit going up the Hill— We go to Hoxne tomorrow and I shall go from there on to Cromer & find my way back along the coast[.] We shall probably be here till the 25. th of Sep. t so that possibly some Sat y or Monday if you could come over we might meet here after your return— Believe me
yours very sincerely | John Evans
+I hope you will have a pleasure trip the weather is improving
+We went to see a curious Pleistocene deposit at Stutton near Mannington yesterday with Cyresia Consobroca in abundance
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+Many thanks for your letter— I am glad to hear of your safe return and to find that you have had time for so complete a visitation of the points of interest about Abbeville and Amiens— I should much like to meet you and have a good talk over all you have seen, but much as I should like it I do not see any way to get to Hitcham— We leave Aldborough next Tuesday, and on Saturday if Prestwich can manage it I am going with him to Icklingham where I believe some of these “harkes” have been found in the gravel. I hope that we shall both of us be at Aldboro’ on the Monday and need not say how glad we should be if you could join our party— Our address is “Waterloo House”— With regard to the age of the deposits in which these implements are found, it seems to me that their occurrence on both sides of the River Somme & at such a height above its level points to something considerably more than 6000 years ago— how much who can say— but I should like to extend our basis of facts before committing myself to any very positive theory as to their age. Those Hoxne beds were not deposited yesterday— I think the section Prestwich has had made will bring out some curious features about it— I must however talk with you “face to face” about it all— If you cannot come over to Aldboro’ on Monday, is there possibility of your being in London shortly and running down here— I have been writing letters all day so excuse this hurried note & with kind regards
+believe me | yours very sincerely | John Evans.
+I suppose you could not join us at Bury at 8.15 on Saturday? It is rather doubtful whether Prestwich can come & if not I shall not.
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+My last letter was written to you a long time back, & since then we have both, I believe, been from home in different directions,— you to France & I to Weymouth. It is so many years since I was at the latter place with you & your then household that I remembered nothing of it, & it was all new to me.— The weather however was not such as to make my stay there very enjoyable. There were scarcely more than 3 or 4 days sufficiently fine & settled to allow of excursionizing beyond very moderate distances.— Those I devoted chiefly to Portland, which is much more easily reached now than formerly, steamers flying backwards & forwards several times in the day, & landing you there in twenty minutes.— I was very much struck with the breakwater now constructing there, one of the marvels of modern engineering, to the end of which & back is itself a walk of more than 3 miles, & it is to extend further yet;— but I found nothing new in the botanical line, & the season was rather late for that work.— I shall like to hear what you have been about in France, & what the result of your researches at Amiens for the preadamite celts—: you have no doubt found, or got from others, plenty, -- but what, think you, is the testimony they afford in connexion with their geological site as an earlier date for the first appearance of men on this earth than has been generally conceded?— I confess I am inclined from what I have heard or read on the subject, to be extremely skeptical on this point.— Louisa, I think, did not go with you with at last, though you mentioned in your letter that she was to be your companion.— I presume she remained in Derbysh all the while, & I hope she has been returned to you in better health than she was in some months back.— I am so glad to hear of Leonard’s new curacy in Charles’s neighbourhood in Kent: it will bring him within a more reasonable distance of his friends, & seems altogether a much more eligible one than his last in Wales.— I saw a report from Charles to Eliz of his first performance at Great Chart, E. having gone with him, & a very favourable one it was.— I am still at work getting my house to rights & looking after the Upholsterer and Carpenter who have not yet completed all that is wanted to make it thoroughly comfortable. I shall be very glad to have you for a visitor in it some day or other, whenever you are able to come this way, — & Louisa too, if she is so disposed, as I shall have two spare bedrooms; — but the 2 nd is not ready yet,— I have been interested in looking over Babington’s new Fl. of Camb sh, from my connexions with the county for so many years;— it seems carefully got up,— but he is not quite correct in stating (p. 231) M r Weston to have been the discoverer of Cephalanthera Grandiflora in the country,— as, if you remember, we had found it in the belt round the park at Bottisham, the same locality in which he observed it in 1850,— years & years previous to that date.—
With kind love to Louisa, believe me, | your’s affect ly, L. Jenyns.
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+Sidmouth
+We have now been settled in our new quarters for a week and have every reason to be satisfied with the place and the neighbourhood which is saying a great deal for a sea-side residence. What is particularly pleasing to one is, that there is wood down to the coast, for one commonly sees a few half starved trees with their branches all directed landwise as if imploring to be removed. We have taken a very comfortable house for 5 months at least, at a rent of 2 guineas for each. It is curious that the great storm which occurred about 3 years ago has had a permanent effect in reducing the prices of houses. In the town itself this is not to be wondered at for most of it stands below the level of the sea – & at the period I allude to, stood for some time 5 feet in the water.
+I find I am quite too late for all phanerogamous plants. Vegetation being more advanced than within the country. I have got a specimen or two of Phascum muticum & mean to find more. A good stock of Aspidium aculeatum is under pressure. In marine plants I expect a good harvest. I have already seen Sphaerococcus Griffithsiae and palmetta growing which I never did before. I have also the fruit of Griffithsia equisetifolia not yet described in any british work and a new Conferva & a new ? Sphacellaria both growing upon up Fucus loreus (which is cast ashore here copia incredibile. M rs Griffiths has brought the whole of her collection with her – It is singularly rich in the many states and appearances assumed by our rarest Algæ. All this has determined me to purchase materials for a work on british Algae, in the manner of Muscologia Britannica – only of giving plates of all of the species , it will be sufficient to illustrate the genera. I may never have such an opportunity again - & I can do so much this winter towards it that no very little labour will subsequently be necessary to throw the whole into form. I do not like to call it Apologia from the evil combination of Greek & Latin as in Muscologia. Hydrophytologia seems rather too long & pompous for british ears – does it not? Algae britannicae does not quite please me. If any other titles occur to you pray mention them.
A few days ago, I got a letter from Hooker who is in London. He has not yet made up his mind about removing. He says that Franklin’s party has done great things in the way of botany, & also Douglas. He is to have the describing of the collections.
+A small parcel of ferns is just come to me from St Helena – and Hooker says he has received another, addressed to me from the Andes.
+I am sorry to say I left your hospitable roof without paying for a letter– I will do my best to recollect it when I have the pleasure of seeing you in Spring. Be so good as to present our united very kind regards to Mrs Henslow and remember me otherto the gentleman you introduced me to – indeed to Prof. Sedgwick you must give many kind messages from the whole of our party–
I am My dear Sir | very faithfully yours | R K Greville
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+The Suffolk Archaeologiae have requested me to read a paper at their next meeting on the flint implements found in the Post Pleocene drift— I have several specimens lent me by Prestwich who was here a few days since— I hear you have lately been to Amiens returned laden with specimens— if so I should much like to see them if you will be at home on Monday I should much enjoy an hours chat with you if you will be at Hitcham— I am residing at Grundisburgh Hall— a place just suited to a man with ten children— if you are not engaged on the 24. th will you come to the meeting of the Suffolk Institute— I inclose your programme— I rather expect the Rev. Canon Marsden of Great Oakley who would be delighted to meet you I am sure— but I cant promise you any great archaeological treat except in the inspection of some extraordinary antiquities collected by the late surgeon of this village M. r Acton— they are really worth inspecting— There is also a very fair Collection of Geological specimens from the Suffolk Coprolite diggings— I fear that our mad friend Whincopp of Woodbridge wont let us see his “fruits” but his collection is well worth even the bore of going thro’ it with him—
I suppose that the facts as stated by Prestwich of the Amiens flints remains
+“That they are of undoubted human workmanship—
+“That they are formed in undisturbed gravel”
+“That they are associated with remains of extinct Mammalia”
+“That the period of their deposit was Post-Pliocene — anterior to the surface of the country opening its present outline so far at least as its minor features are concerned therefore that man was present at last great catastrophe
+I suppose in fact that the Hoxne beds are the age of debris of the old face of the country when its features had more of the Lagoon character about it than at present in this district— Grundisburgh is on the Boulder Clay that I am on the look out for something similar here I assure you— Prestwich called me to go to Hoxne with him last week with Evans and Flower but I was unfortunately engaged—
I have a green old place here in a Park of sixty Acres but nothing worthy a visit of the Institute altho’ in Programme— I shall read my paper in Woodbridge its only a ten minute affair*
+yours faithfully | R. Rolphe
+*to call the attention of members to the fact that these remains of the Post-Pleiocene era [illeg] exist in [illeg] of their own parishes at their own doors if they would but look out for them
+I can give you a bed at Grundisburgh & [illeg] welcome whenever you can come as if you can’t come on the 24 th I wish you would come & see what can be done with Actons collection at the poor widow’s next sale. Woodward of the British Museum advises their being sent to London for sale & says the Museum Authorities will attempt to purchase some thing—
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+I am rather ashamed of not having sooner acknowledged your letter but I have been so much occupied all this week that I have not had a leisure minute— Fairholt has been staying with me and all my spare time has been devoted to the British Coins of which we have now got 21 Plates arranged and 12 actually engraved— It really begins to look as if my long threatened volume upon them would come to maturity in course of time— I was in hopes when I saw your letter that it was to say that you were coming up to London in the course of a few days and intended to run down here for an evening and would bring some of your Amiens and Abbeville specimens with you— I hope your next may be to that effect and that it may not be long before you send it— If you could come shortly you would be able to look over the proof sheets of my paper on the Drift Imp. ts which is to appear in the next vol. of the Archaeologia— I have not yet had time to correct it at all myself— I read your letter in last Saturdays Athenaeum but I cannot say that I am prepared to accept the theory you propose of a lake bursting its banks and enclosing the human relics with those of an earlier date, in a reconstructed gravel— But it would involve too long a yarn on paper to go into this— Only keep in mind the Marchecourt Rhinoceros & the numerous instances of the two classes of remains being found associated together in different localities[.] I think the Icklingham case will eventually be authenticated— I have two of the implements here, just like those from Hoxne & the valley of the Somme[.] I can tell you something of the manufacture of modern flint implements when we meet— There is a party at Ipswich, something of a pawnbroker I think — and near S. t Clements if I remember rightly, who can sell you a hundred of them cheap— I understand that the man who made them is now dead, but I think I understand the art— No time for more I hope you will soon find your way here & Prestwich will come to meet you— M. rs Evans’ kind regards
yours very sincerely | John Evans
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+I have just received your kind note, and beg to assure you that no apologies of any kind were necessary for the short delay that has occurred in preparing the little illustrations for the Royal Children, as it was fully understood that their preparation would require time, and that your absence from England, and subsequent continuous employment renders it out of the question to prepare them at present.—I am only surprised to hear that you have already advanced so far with them.—
+If any apologies are needed they ought to proceed from me, as I am very shortly about to trouble you with the specimens of plants collected by H. R. H. Prince Arthur in Scotland.— They are now being mounted on paper, and when completed the young Prince is anxious for you to look over them, & see whether he has got the correct names.—
+I was so glad to hear of the success of your exhibition and only regretted not being able to be a witness of it at the time. Your description of the carpenter’s exclamation is most amusing and very characteristic. The thing is certain, that one could not honestly contradict his assertion.
+Believe me, | yrs truly | H. Elphinstone
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+I was in London all yesterday so that I did not receive your letter till the evening. I wish there were any chance of my being able to meet you at Hoxne tomorrow but the distance is too great and I am over head & ears in accounts— Prestwich has only just returned from a visit to M. r Gunn in Norfolk so that there is no chance of him either— I don’t know whether he has paid Hoxne a visit this time but think he meant to take Mundersley & Hasboro’— I was obliged to decline going with him— I hope it will not be very long before we come to a hand to hand encounter with the haches— Boucher de Perthes Homme Antedil n is certainly a most amusing work of fiction His vivid imagination has certainly done his discovery no good and he ought to be thankful that it is so well received as it is— I had a long letter from him last night but have not yet had time to do more than glance at it— His hieroglyphics require a good deal of pains to decipher them entirely— He seems much disturbed in mind at having missed seeing you at Abbeville and at your letter in the Athen m When I have made out the contents I must send the letter on for you to practice upon— unless you will fetch it. In great haste believe me
ever yours sincerely | John Evans.
+Available under license only
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+I left the flint hatchet and the Barnwell card with M r Wright at the Museum yesterday— I am very much obliged to you for the loan— My paper excited great interest— it is very badly reported and when I had finished reading it the Marquess of Bristol said that he met Sir Charles Lyell abt three days ago and that Sir Charles thought they might turn out the work of a Pre-Adamite race or something of that sort and that he also stated you took a different view of their antiquity he understood from Sir Charles— I stated in reply that your opinion was that at present you saw no reason to think they were pre-Adamite but that you could satisfactorily account for their deposition without any such hypothesis— This conversation the reporters jumbled up into a statement that you did not believe in their antiquity which is quite another thing— We had a very pleasant meeting indeed— As I returned from your house I met Capt t& M. rs Heath with your curator. I find that he is brother in Law to M. rs Heath who is a grand daughter of poor old M r Bagshaw of Harwich— If you can spare a day or two to visit Grundisburgh Hall and see Actons collection and the Lions of these parts I shall be delighted to see you— I am almost always at home—
I remain dear Sir | faithfully yours | R. Rolphe
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+In writing to you hastily last night I quite forgot a rather pressing engagement I have in London on Tuesday which will prevent my coming down till the 7o’c train from Euston— There is in fact a meeting of the Paper trade at which I have to preside so I must not vacate my chair even for antediluvians like yourself. This need not make any difference in your coming down by an earlier train if Tuesday is the day that suits you best; as M. rs Evans will be only too glad to get hold of you apropos of sea weeds and you will be able to get your dinner before my arrival— I only want to stipulate that if you come on Tuesday evening you must not run away too early on Wednesday morning— At all events I hope to see you either on Monday afternoon or on Tuesday—
Believe me | ever yours sincerely | John Evans.
+Available under license only
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+Many thanks for yr very kind letter received some time since, which I ought to have acknowledged earlier. I write now to send you a specimen of Cinclidium stygium, Swartz. which I gathered in tolerable quantity on the 1 st of this month at Tuddenham—a very favourite haunt of mine, and which have been previously found in the South district only, I am informed by M. r Wilson. It is singular it should now be in mature fruit. It must have fruited twice this year— in consequence of the net, I suppose. I found also in fruit the same day Anthoceros punctatus, quite out of season. I am sorry to say Holosteum umbellatum is lost to Bury and has been for some years— or I should be very happy to send it to you I have gathered it at Norwich but not in fruit. I find Hypnum abietinum but sparingly on our sandy ground about your old haunts. I fancy it is rarer than it used to be. Smith’s Diatomaceae named in yr letter I know very well. I have worked ill.del. at the diatoms in the neighbourhood for some time and have a great many species. I am now encountering the Lichens— in which class you have so distinguished yourself. I find them very difficult I never did much in them till lately, or I always considered them the “stickers” of Botany— They are very interesting nevertheless. Hoping your health is improved since you last wrote
I am, my dear Sir | your very truly | Edm d Skepper
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+I send you by this post a dozen copies of an Educational Sheet of Butterflies — designed to appeal to the eyes & understanding of the least observant
+I should be very glad to hear if you find from your school experience that it is likely to answer the end in view.
+I am quite open to receive any suggestions with the view of increasing its utility
+With best wishes for the success of all your plans
+Believe me, My dear Sir | your very sincerely | H. T. Stainton
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have this afternoon forwarded to London my little box which I fear may contain more rubbish than you may care to unpack. We find our poor people glad to receive as ornaments to their houses what is too bad for our Museums; and perhaps what I have sent you may in great measure find its way there. The children of our schools brought me some of the things as their parents obtain them in their work. I am afraid you will laugh at the illustration I have sent of vegetable Ivory but the turner who gave me the specimens of wood is so very proud of his humming tops that I could not resist the pleasure of putting in a specimen of his work. I believe we delight as much as any children in the graceful movements of the little thing. Any specimens not marked are from Budleigh Salterton in Devonshire as also the pebbles. Which look very well when varnished, & which furnish good illustrations of conglomerates. My sister has taken the liberty of sending you by this opportunity a little book which she has complied & finally composed and just as I was closing the box we received an article of my brother William which I thought you might like to look at. I have not yet read it but I know its object which is one we have earnestly at heart feeling that as ?? we all ought to do something to check a habit which takes the power from so many to receive the blessings of Charity[.] I must thank you very much for your last letter which did us all good, expressing so completely the feelings we wish to entertain
+Believe me to be very respectfully yours | Anna Carpenter.
+Available under license only
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+I enclose receipt of the money, which has just come to hand, & am much obliged for your kind note. Again I beg that you will not in any way incommode yourself in the matter of fossils &c. I will mount the great sheet as soon as ever I can spare ½ a day.
+Yours very resp. y | Philip P. Carpenter
Available under license only
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+Our friend Dr Leach, whom I found so far recovered, as to be able to dine with me at home, entrusted to my care the accompanying parcel, which did not arrive in England till the middle of October with sundry articles which I bought in Italy.
+This is the first opportunity which I have had of forwarding it to you–
+With best regards and every good wish to you and yours believe me to be|my dear Sir |yrs most faithfully |J Goodall
+Lodge Eton Coll Nov. 7. 1827
+With the exception of occasional over eagerness Leach is himself again. He is as ardent as ever in his study of Natural History. He is at present at Ariccia.
+Available under license only
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+I have at length sent off your Fossils— They will be forwarded by Mr George from Bury, and you will find the series include every genus new-Found in the list— I hope you may be able to send us some new Members, as I should very much regret the having to give up the Collecting Station—
+Many new and interesting things have come to light, and doubtless more will follow if we can go on another 6 or 12 months— The present no. of Sub. rs is 140, but I hope to see the Society include 1000 Subs before another year is over—
I am almost fagged to death with the labor of preparing the specimens and packing the Collections— Please give the boxes to the care of George Ransome unless you prefer keeping them at the cost if 3/- (postage stamps)— Your share of Car. to Bury is 3 d—
Yours dear Sir | very truly | Edw Charlesworth
+No. 38 is the genus Globulus of J. de C. Sowerby
+59— is Sanguinolaria
+72— is the Genus Phorus of Montfort
+[Appended: typed list as follows:]
+Supplementary List
+3. Corbula costata, Sowerby. M.C… plate 209
4. Cytheraea obliqua, Deshayes. C.F. ….21
5. Potamides plicatus, Lamarck. M.C. .. 340
6. Psammobia rudis, Lamarck. ………. 342
Fossils either new or which the species are at present undetermined.
+7. Anomia. j. Mactra.
+8. Cancellaria. k. Melania.
+9. Cyrena. l. Nucula.
+10. Lucia. m. Potamides.
+[on reverse in ink: ‘W[illeg} to other list’]
+Available under license only
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+There would be no necessity to apply at once to the Com. Of Council until your arrangements were made but I see your population is above 1000— surely you might by means of a capitation tax or even without it maintain a school under a Master: I am quite shocked at your thinking not & it convinces me that you have not turned your thoughts into this channel.
+To apply to the Home & Colonial about a School-mistress you might address to Rev. d J. Evans Chaplain in the Secretary, Home & Colonial Grays Inn Road giving all particulars—salary &c. or to the Rev. d Baber Chaplain, Training Institution Whitelands, Chelsea: you might write to both:
I don’t think a minute of Council would ever be so modified as to help a mixed school under a mistress where it is the only school in a village of so large a population as yours & I am quite convinced if you would only set about it, you would set up a good [illeg] under a Master at no great expense beyond what the other would be— even here in Hereford we think that such Schools ought to be attempted in the large Parishes.
+Any help or instruction I can give you, I shall gladly do so:
+I am very glad to hear of your being better & I hope you & yours are now all well[.] Pray remember me kindly to M rs Henslow & with the kind regards of M rs Dawes & myself
Believe me | my dear Henslow | very sincerely yours | RDawes
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+I ought to have written to you some days ago to congratulate you on the marriage of your daughter, which I have great pleasure in doing & which I hope will be in every way a happy one & also to tell you that I should take any opportunity which may occur to me of recommending your son at Sterning as a private tutor:
+Our Cathedral School here is now become a very flourishing one indeed & may bring me in the way of hearing of those who want to send their boys to private tutors & if so I shall not forget the Rev. J. Henslow:
+I suppose you have now two Sons in the Church:
+Is any thing likely to bring you into this part of the world. If so I hope you will not be near Hereford without coming to see us:
+I hope to see Whewell & Lady Affleck in this part of the world towards the end of Sept r:
About two days ago M rs Dawes’ brother Charles Guthrie died which is the cause of my writing on black edged paper: His death had been expected for some time but not so suddenly as it happened. I shall always take an interest in you and yours & am glad to hear of any good happening to your children &
Believe me | my dear Henslow | always sincerely yours | R Dawes
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+I see that your Sept. show is fixed for the 14 th How if I make mine on the 16.th Could you come to me for it on the 15 th I am anxious that you should for once at least see my show, and am prepared to consult your convenience in the day, if you hold out any hopes of your presence
I fear I cannot run down to see y r show July 6 much as I should have liked it Unfortunately other engagements keep me in Glostershire [sic] and London about that time
Believe me | yours very truly | Ducie
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+I have been home and have developed the Sweepstakes shewn to my agent, who ?? ?? into it— I will by his advice change the allotment w. h I had previously fixed on as the competing one— and will call it L. d Ducie’s Allotment— Whitfoeld and Falfield ill.del. Formation. Wenlock Limestone upper Silurian
Believe me | yrs very truly | Ducie
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+I have the pamphlet you allude to, but as I read it without any specific object, the mode of measuring the lots of Land and ascertaining the quantity of produce did not attract my notice—
+I have just searched for your report, but although I can find several of your documents, I cannot lay my hands on the one you mention
+I shall have to go home for a day or two soon and will then start the subject viva voce. I could hardly make it comprehensible by letter— the more especially— that I have not yet acquired the details myself.
+When do you propose to run for the Sweepstakes? Potatoes and onions are not mature before Sep. r I will name Parsnips or Carrots, whichever you think most desirable, but I do not suppose that it is absolutely necessary to name another vegetable— Onions and potatoes afford a large armor for the combat. I would rather adhere to them I will try only one of my allotment fields for the first year.
Could you send me the pamphlet
+Believe me | yrs very truly | Ducie
+Available under license only
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+Your Report has reached me, and I well recollect to have read it, though I had not sufficiently mastered the details of the Sweepstakes Scheme. I think I now understand it—
+I name Carrots— shall this include both white and red? [In JSH’s hand: (I have replied both JSH)]
+I am a Subscriber to the amount of 30£
+My people will send up Carrots Onions and Potatoes.
+The figures in the three last Columns of your table refer I suppose to Weight.
+I will select one allotment field— or at most two, at first, as it is better to begin gently.
+How many samples of each article are to be sent up? [In JSH’s hand: (I have referred him to rule 9 JSH)]
+I shall be at home on Thursday and will visit an allotment field and tell the people of the scheme.
+Believe me | yrs very truly | Ducie
+I shall send articles from the “Millstone pit” a fern dug soil, much more fertile than the contiguous Coal measures.
+[In JSH’s hand: (I have asked him what his Allottee Soc. y is to be called? JSH)]
Available under license only
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+Yesterday I found it impossible to bring my Carrots up to the Scratch. They are not sufficiently mature— I dug up 3 samples of onions, which I forward with the necessary statements this day. I hope that another year when we get accustomed to your system, we may enter more fully into the Scheme.
+My best 6 x 6 feet of onions is 38¾ lb and consists of 131 bulbs
I am of course liable for the Carrot prize money.
+Yours very truly | Ducie
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I had rec. d the Statement from Prices Works. I now send you what particulars I can of my 3 lots of Onions
Planted Dug up No Weight
+John Davis March Sept 8 131 38¾ lbs [Has grown his own seed for 40 years]
+Tho Burford D. o 15 th Do 188 30½ lbs
Dan. l Payne March Do 269 23½ lbs
The manner is all these cases was Pig dung and Soot. The Soil good geologically “Wenlock Limestone” John Davis gained the 1 st Prize for Onions at my allotment tenant show, where samples alone were the criterion and weight in a given area was not considered
I should be pleased to know the weight produced by the first Prize man. My people did not understand the affair until I appeared with the weighing machine— so you see that there was no special preparation. The samples sent were all taken from the 6x6 feet which was dug up. Had we selected from the whole patch of onions (a proceeding w. h I did not permit) we could have sent better samples
The decrease of weight attending the increased number of onions is curious. Compute the produce of an acre according to the proportions given in the three cases, and the difference between good and bad cultivation will amount to many cw ts
+
I should add that “John Davis” is the noted onion grower of this neighbourhood, and that his seed is in great request.
+My show went off admirably. N. o of lots 200 less than last year. Samples excellent and better sorts beginning to be in vogue.
Believe me |yours very truly | Ducie
+Available under license only
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+I trust you will forgive the liberty a stranger takes in sending you a list of some of the scarcer plants growing in this neighbourhood— It was my intention to have sent it by my friend M r. Green, of Lewes— he unfortunately left York sh. without my seeing him— It is partly at his suggestion that I write to you.-- In this most delightful of pursuits I have been considerably assisted by a M r. Langley, a F.L.S. and an excellent & indefatigable botanist— all the plants mentioned in the other page were gathered by us in their wild state, last summer. We shall have sincere pleasure in sending you any of the specimens you think proper. In the list you will find the Anagallis cærulea— this lovely flower grew among the A. arvensis— there seems to be no difference between the two plants, except in the colour of the petals— Botanists in constituting this a species, seem to deviate from the maxim of Linnæus— 'Nisium ne crede colori.' The Campanula patula accords exactly with the description in Smith's Flora. M r. Atkinson of Leeds however in his paper in the Wernerian Memoirs says it does not grow in Yorksh.— I visited its habitat on the 27 ult, & it was still in flower. I wish much that you sh d. see it— that we may know its certainty— The Scheuchzeria palustris I gathered at Lakeby Car, nr Boro' Bridge, while on a visit to a relation; I found it in seed, & it is said that this is only habitat known in Engl d.— still M r. Atkinson does not mention it.— But I must not trespass longer on your time— So highly interested am I in the study of Botany as well as of Entomology, that to hear from you on those subjects w d. give me sincere pleasure: I will only add that if can in any way serve you, you may be assured of the readiness of yours | most truly | Edward Wilson
P.S. I have dried specimens of most of the plants mentioned in the next page— as directed by M r. Green—
at Swinton & the neighbourhood
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+Many thanks for y. r letter. I have already received from the Labourers friend Soc. such papers as they have relating to allotments. Some years ago I was a member of the Committee of that Society, but not being at the time particularly interested in allotments, I had overlooked it as a source of information.
I had a tolerably good day for my show, it was however rather cloudy, and the wind was high enough to damage the nosegays. I had as usual among the regular produce many strange things shown. One farmer exhibited a very fair plant of Dioscorea Batalas with a root weighing probably a quarter of a pound. Another showed a large pumpkin on which were engraven some verses from Jonah, an inscription of perhaps rather doubtful propriety. The whole show was excellent, but I have not yet got up the statistics of it— indeed my people are in such a state of anxiety and excitement before and during the show, that an equivalent state of collapse follows and I can neither get anything done for a few days, nor can I hear all that transpired at the show. When I have got the usual document printed I will send it to you. Potatoes were not so good this year as last. The epithet which I heard the people applying to them was “Scabby”— a word which described accurately enough the outward appearance of them.
+Onions, carrots turnips and parsnips appeared to improve, indeed there appears to be a progressive improvement[.] One farmer dug a pit eight feet deep on purpose to grow some Mangold in for the show I did not oppose this— though it was scarcely fair— hoping that he might discern the general advantage of deep cultivation.
+My Wellingtonias planted out grow most vigorously—and promise to be a grand addition to our forest trees
+Believe me |yours very truly | Ducie
+Available under license only
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+The 9. th September was with us a day of hot gleams and showers which I can only describe by saying that they washed the exhibitors potatoes as effectually as could have been done by hand. The quantity we think was under that of last year though, as it takes some time to get up the statistics— we cannot be quite certain. There was a marked improvement in roots, onions and apples. The latter very fine indeed— This however was chiefly owing to the season. Plums and pears very scarce. Nosegays and floral devices tolerably abundant, of the latter, some were perfectly preposterous. One of them was a cottage with a fountain in front the cottage a tank— the fountain a gas burner.
Two specimens of “Dioscorea Batatas” was shown— one by myself— one by a tenant. Mine was inferior to the tenants, but they were both improvements on last year, and appear to be more acclimatized. As a vegetable it is beneath contempt and not to be spoken of in the same day with a Jerusalem artichoke to w. h it bears a feeble resemblance. I should much have liked to visit y. r show, but fear that it is out of my power.
Believe me |yours very truly | Ducie
+[P.S.] I shall send my statistics when printed
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+Tuesday
+I enclose a P.O.O. for the 18. s due. My two Onion Prize men are much elated both by their success, and the material fruits of it
I enclose my statistical Table. The Falling off in number can be accounted for, by climatic and other defects in the season—
yrs very truly | Ducie
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Had it been in my power, I should have made a violent effort to attend your Exhibition, but the exigencies of the time have compelled me to alter the day of my own affair to the 17. th Sep. r
+
Can I anywhere procure any short treatise on allotment cultivation? Has such a work been written in a concise and simple form? The reports which I hear of the value of an allotment to a labourer, and of the money, and money’s worth which he can get from half an acre are quite astonishing—
+My bailiff took in hand an allotment which had been ruined by bad cultivation and the other day threshed out the wheat which he grew on it this season. It is at the rate of about six and a half quarters to the acre. My own farm ,which is by far the best cultivated in the neighbourhood, does not, I fancy, yield an average of much more than 4 quarters. This shows that much more may be extorted from the Earth, than we have as yet found to yield
+Believe me | yours very truly | Ducie
+Available under license only
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+I have read over the various documents which you sent to me, with considerable admiration for the elaborate way in which every parochial institution appears to be administered. A report by the judges is the most valuable hint which I gather from your plans, as such a report may be made the vehicle of much advice and information, and might in years to come be an interesting record of progress and improvement[.] I should be rather ashamed to show my Show to you, for this reason, that I save myself a good deal of trouble by a comparatively lavish expenditure I have no colleagues and no subscriptions thereby saving all accounts. I do not manage to make the Examination so minute as yours, and have to depend a little on the honesty of the people, and the probability of their neighbours disclosing any unfair practices. However as yet I have never heard a word of complaint, and these shows as far as they have gone have I believe yielded increased satisfaction both to the Exhibitors and myself.
+I shall take the liberty of sending you this years statement when it is completed
+Believe me | yours very truly | Ducie
+P.S. I enclose my annual notice before the Show.
+Available under license only
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+On my return to Tortworth this week, I will put the sweepstakes affair in hand, and send the produce as required to the person specified. I have been here fishing for three weeks and know nothing of the state of the allotment crops in my neighbourhood. Here in Connemara cultivation appears to have found its very lowest level. The soil is not propitious, the climate detestable — to all but fishermen, fog, mist, rain and wind prevent any cereal from ripening thoroughly. The rye is yet green. Potatoes flourish, on the bogs, and grow large as indeed they have need to do, when the sole diet consists of potatoes, and where a working man is considered stunted if he does not eat 14. lb of them per diem. Much however might be done by draining, and other judicious use of capital, an article which has not yet reached this county
Believe me | yours very truly | Ducie
+Available under license only
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+Can you tell me how much my 2. nd & 4. th onion prize holders are to receive, whence they are to get it — and how much I am to pay to the General Fund? Can I induce you to run down here next week. Your old pupil Gambier Parry is coming on the 9. th We shall we delighted to see you if you will come.
Believe me | yours very truly | Ducie
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+I dare say that many people could compete according to the terms proposed in the circular. It w. d be very easy to select 6 by 6 or 12 by 3 feet of potatoes, onions &c and test the weight of the produce. The only thing to be considered is whether distant competitors w. d trust to me or my agent in the weighing the produce of the respective lots. As to persons travelling from one allotment in the North to another in the South it w. d be impossible.
Much curious information w. d result from the proposed Sweepstakes
Yrs very truly | Ducie
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+I would willingly pay you the residue of the 30. s if I knew the amount of it I have no record whatever that will instruct me either as to the amount to be retained or the way in which the sum deducted is to be applied Could you inform me on these points
I expect I shall have to decline competition this year, as I have given up my flower show for one year, expecting in Sept to be fully occupied with the Volunteers.
+Believe me | yours very truly | Ducie
+Available under license only
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+I send you a paper from Blackwood sent to me by Prof Rogers which — if you have not seen it, will probably interest you.
+I have had no “Show” this year for several reasons and it is well that I did not. There would have been nothing to show — and wet weather to show it in[.] I have noticed that in this locality the season has been peculiarly favourable to the oak. Large and old trees have thrown up long shoots from near the extremities of their branches[.] These shoots are invariably perpendicular however pendent the parent branch may be[.] Some trees are covered with these outbursts of vigour[.] The Larch on the dry Mountain Limestone has also had a fine time of it this year. Many trees of all sorts are much cut up on the West side from the strong West winds that prevailed[.] Nothing however seems to affect either the Wellingtonia or the Araucaria imbricata, both of which appear to have established themselves in circumstances of considerable comfort.
Volunteering is holding on prosperously and well, and the shooting is becoming quite a rage.
+Believe me | yours very truly | Ducie
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+The Bearer Dr Radius of Leipsic, who has – visited England to become acquainted with Men of Science & to study his Profession has is about to visit Cambridge being acquainted with Dr. Marsh– Should you have any opportunity of directing his attention to subjects which may be worth his attention, or which may add to his information you will confer a favour (which perhaps I – am not justified in asking) upon
Dear Sir | your obed. Serv. | John Curtis
+12 Charles St. Cavendish Sq.
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+The opportunity afforded me by the publication of British Entomology of acknowledging my obligation to my valued & most esteemed friend has been one & by no means the least source of delight to me in its progress and I assure you that in no instance has the tribute been paid with more cordiality than the present, for in dedicating a Volume of my labors to you whose friendship & kind attention have been at once gratifying to the Author & advantageous to his Work I feel that I am now rather performing a duty than discharging an obligation.
+I shall do myself the pleasure of forwarding the Volume to you by favor of your Brother the first opportunity & hoping that we may live to see the 'Finale' I remain — with the greatest esteem
+yours most faithfully | John Curtis
+Available under license only
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+I proposed some time ago to D r Joseph Hooker, that he & yourself should occupy during the Meeting of the British Association the two Rooms over the Laboratory at the Botanic Garden, which my Assistant M r Masters previously lived in. He accepted conditionally for himself, but maintained that you would require lodgings, as Joseph Hooker would accompany you.
I was not sure at the time whether the limited accommodation at my own House would be occupied by my own nieces, but I now find, that there will be a small bed-room still available, which I should have great pleasure in offering to your daughter, & under these circumstances revert to my original proposal of locating yourself and D r Hooker in this Building on the other side of the Gateway.— Should D r Hooker unfortunately be prevented coming I shall offer one of the Rooms to Leonard Jenyns
Believe me | very truly yours | C Daubeny
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+In skimming over “Walker’s Sufferings of the Clergy”, I found in p209 an account of Lawrence Bretton. B.D. who was deprived of the Living of Hitcham by the Cromwellites: the Living was then computed to be 200£ per ann. m He furnished the Communion Table of his Church “with 2 large flaggons, a large cup & a very handsome basin for the offerings, all of silver”; & as he would not permit his name nor his arms, nor anything but the word Hitcham to be engraven upon them, they happily were saved at the Time of the Rebellion. I write, begging you to inform me if these still be in existence. Had Bretton survived the Usurpation, Walker adds “it was thought he would have stood the fairest of any man for the Bishopric of Norwich.”
You, I think, are acquainted with Green of Burgh-Castle: I see him not unfrequently, a very excellent, useful man he is: the Bishop lately made him an Honorary Canon of this Church. At your perfect leisure, I shall be obliged to you for a reply.
+I am your’s truly | Edw Hibgame
+[P.S] Your neighbor Edge is a very old acquaintance of mine
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+Some few months ago an application was made to the Prime Minister that he might be pleased to recommend your humble servant to the Queen as a proper person to receive one of the Pensions granted to scientific men out of a sum set aside for the purpose. The application was unsuccessful; & I have been advised by some friends to renew the application under the favour of the British Association. It appears that this Society has been urging on the Government the propriety of giving these pensions only to Candidates recommended by Societies; & I am well aware of the strength any claims I have would receive, could I get them noticed & mentioned by such an influential body as the British Association is. And my sole object in writing to you is to solicit your influence at the approaching meeting at Hull, if any opportunity occurs to you of doing so without impropriety.
+I am not going to state my claims— there would be some difficulty in making out a good brief— nor would it have ever occurred to me to have made such an application until some friends assured me that it might be done without impertinence or presumption. I cannot plead any scientific discoveries, but I have done what little I could, in not very favourable circumstances, to diffuse a taste for natural history, & encourage a study of it as a moral agent. And I cannot but believe that my efforts in this way have been influential, because otherwise I would be giving the lie to many who have written to me expressive of their thanks, &c.; & I would be blind to the increased extent of attention to those tribes of animals on which I have written. It is, therefore, more for what I have done to diffuse the knowledge of others, & to interest those who had hitherto been ignorant, that I rest the claim I urge.
+Permit me to add that I am not in circumstances that would render the Pension a matter of little consequence. Some few years ago, having placed my family in positions which rendered them apparently independent of me in a great measure, I was curtailing my professional duties with a view of becoming a consulting physician only; & this would have left some leisure on my hands for the better study of some classes of animals I had in view. In the midst of this plan I was suddenly & unexpectedly deprived of my whole capital by the fraudulent conduct of my solicitor in whom I had placed the most unlimited confidence. I lost by him within a few pounds of £5000. A few months after a brother whom I had assisted became bankrupt, & by him I lost £1200 with several years interest. My brother soon afterwards died, & I undertook to educate one boy, & I provided for another. And two years after the husband of my eldest daughter died, & left his affairs in such a state that, in the mean time, she has returned to her father’s house, & to preserve her husband’s name & character intact, I have come under some pecuniary liabilities, which I must meet out of my professional income. These may be repaid ultimately.
+I have mentioned those particulars, because it seemed only necessary, that you should know them, however painful, provided I solicited your interests in this matter. I have just to add that I return my income at about £500 per annum.
+If my friends secure me this said Pension I do not intend to be idle, but I would certainly restrict my business to that of the physician, whose duty, in such a place as this, is light & must leave much time unoccupied on his hands. This I would devote to my favourite studies, & I would like to complete a history of our native Annelides, of our Acanides, & of our sessile-eyed Crustacea. I would like too to study with care the history of our Salmonides. Such are the subjects I had reserved for a life I had contemplated to have ended in comparative retirement.
+In the hope you will excuse this long detail, & in the trust that I may secure your interest with the naturalists of the British Association,
+Date of letter inferred from the date of the Hull meetimg of the British Association
+Believe me, Dear Sir, | yours very respectfully | George Johnston
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+I forgot to write sooner & tell you that the Goatsucker at the Institution, with the two long feathers from the upper wing-coverts is no monstrosity or imposition. It is figured in the 8 th vol. Pl.265 of Shaw’s Nat. Miscell., under the name of Caprimulgus longipennis; & described also by Latham as the Leona Goatsucker, coming from Sierra Leone.— The latter author says— “the remarkable circumstance belonging to this singular species is the having a single feather springing out of the middle part of the coverts of each wing,full 20 inc. in length:— this continues as a plain unwebbed shaft for 14¾ inches having a few solitary hairs on the inside only, from thence it expands into a broad web for the remaining 5¼ inches of its length;— the web or blade has almost the whole of its breadth on the inner side, being there more than one inc. broad but very narrow on the outer part of the shaft.”
A day or two back I received from a lady of the name of Miss Molesworth, living at Cobham at Surrey, a Table of Rain Measurements for a long series of back years at that place,— I suppose made by herself. She said in an accompanying note, she sent them at the request of M r Henslow. I am much obliged to her & to you for thinking of me in this matter, & the mean of so many years is of considerable value. When you write next, you can perhaps tell me a little more about this meteorological lady: I never heard you mention her name. I wrote to thank her for what she had sent.
I saw Annie on Saturday, & was sorry to find her not quite so well as on former visits, but I daresay she has reported her own case, & I trust it is of no serious import: until she gets stronger, she will necessarily be liable to returns of indisposition.—
+I see another Naturalist gone to his rest in M r Broderip, whose work, however, “Recreations in Zoology”, I never much admired, the style not being to my taste,-- tho’ its author was a very able as well as estimable man.— With our love to Louisa, now I suppose your only companion at home,
Believe me, | yrs affect ly | L. Jenyns
Date of letter inferred from the date of Broderip's death
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+I enclose a letter I received the other day from Rob t Ball, saying he shall be glad to take you in for the meeting of Brit. Assoc.— As you will thereby learn exactly how the matter stands, perhaps you had better, on the strength of that invitation, write to himself upon the subject,— supposing (that is—) that you are inclined to take up your quarters at his house.— D r Daubeny is also to be one of his guests. I had a letter from the latter a short time back, inquiring whether during your recent visit to Cambridge, you could hear anything of his missing packet of plants:— perhaps Harriet will be writing soon & can let me know the result.— I hope you are likely to be at home the end of June or beginning of July, about which time I trust nothing will prevent my journeying once more into the Eastern Counties & visiting Hitcham for a few days.
I see the Dublin meeting is fixed to commence on Wednesday Augt 26 th;— I should very much like to go, if possible, but I can hardly settle anything so long before.—
Broome & myself found the Mezereon growing sparingly the beginning of this month, in a very wild locality, far removed from any gardens— but I could get only one in good flower.
With our kind love to Harriet & the girls.—
+Your’s affect ly | L. Jenyns.
Date of letter inferred from the date of the Dublin meeting of the British Association
+Available under license only
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+Are you going to the meeting of the Brit. Assoc.—? I should like to know your plans. We go into Gloucestersh— next week, and my present intention is to leave my wife with her family at Ampney the week of the meeting, & attend it myself, for at least two or three days. I am even meditating a paper to be read in the Nat. Hist. Section (if you do not think me too bold) on the subject of species & races, when I sh d like you to be present if you visit Cheltenham at all.— I have nothing original to communicate but would simply draw more attention to the subject, by bringing together a few facts & observations already on record, w. h tend, I think, along with many others I have not had time to hunt out, and probably many more unknown to me, to confirm the idea (now, as I am inclined to hope, every day gaining more ground) that the limit within which species, at least a large no., vary, are much wider than have been hitherto supposed,— & that many of the so-called species are merely local races derived originally from one stock. This is of course a large field to enter upon, but I have no intention of illustrating what I want to say, except in reference to birds: just tell me, however, whether I am right in saying that the Herbert Experiments, showing the primrose, cowslip, &c— to be all on species,— have never been disproved. —And if you have anything at hand of equal importance with this, in the botanical departm t,— worth communicating, make a note of it, & bring it with you. If there should be a lack of matter in our section, its time would not be more profitably filled up than with a discussion on species & varieties abstractedly considered.—
I suppose Harriet is still at Brighton, & I have accordingly written to her there; I hope she will return to Hitcham all the better & stronger for Brighton air.—
+I was sorry to hear from D r Hooker when I saw him at Kew the end of May, that he had been obliged to give up the Flora Indica for want of support & funds to carry it on; I was greatly interested with his views on species, & the geographical distribution of plants, in the Introduction.—
I had a very capital day’s botanizing with Broome a short time back in the neighbourhood of Glastonbury: gathered Vicia lutea on Glastonbury Tor, & in the moors about there Andromeda polifolia, Rhyncospora fusca, Cicuta virosa, besides several other species that I never met with before; those moors are also quite full of Epilobium angustifolium, evidently quite wild & having a different habit from the specimens one sometimes finds escaped from gardens;— but it was not yet in fl. Fitz & his bride are staying in Bath, & we expect them here to call this very day;— after we are gone, they take possession of our house for a time, which we have lent then in our absence.—
+Give my love to Louisa & Anne; I suppose they are the only ones with you just now.
+Yrs affect ly | L. Jenyns.
P.S. Let me hear from you soon: after Tuesday the 22 nd, my address is—Ampney, Gloucester.
Date of letter inferred from the date of the Cheltenham meeting of the British Association
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+I have just sent off to the printer the Mss. of my work on Meteorology, with the exception of the last chapter, which, for the benefit of your supervision, accompanies this letter.— All the former part, being more purely meteorological, you could not so well judge of perhaps, —nor could I have asked you to read it all over before printing. But this chapt., which is of a more general nature, —touching on matters connected with Camb sh, —& saying a few words on the geology of my late neighbourhood, &c. on which you are well competent to give an opinion,— I should esteem it a kindness, if you will look over— making any connections & remarks you think called for.— The paragraphs to which I wish you to give your closest attention are those numbered—(452.)—(459)—(460)—(462)—(463)—(464)--&(468).— [ill. annotations by JSH] Tell me also, whether the chapter ends too abruptly, its last words being the conclusion of the whole work?— In truth, more was to have followed but Van Voorst was afraid the book would be too long,— in respect of the pages it would make,— I struck off this latter portion, which perhaps was not altogether wanted. Van V. does not also quite like the Title I propose to give it, as —what he calls—“not a tasking one”; but I can think of no others which so clearly expresses what the book really contains,— & which, moreover assimilates with my former “Observations in Nat. Hist.”—The proposed title of the new work is—“Observations in Meteorology”, “Being chiefly the results of a Met. l Journ. l kept for 19 years at Sw. Bull.,sh
+ n to the subject, nor a treatise on any particular parts of Meteorology,— but, in the main, a detail of the chief circumstance connected with the weather & seasons as observed during a certain period of years at S.B, & a deducing therefrom the general conditions under which weather changes come about.— To make the work more generally useful in this respect,— & to enable it to be of not merely local interest,— I have added & worked in passages from difft writers on Meteorology of known authority,— always giving a reference to the author from whom I have this borrowed, or got assistance.
—I will just state the headings of the 7 Chapts. preceding the one herewith sent, that you may form a better idea of the nature of the work
+Ch.1. —Thermom r & Temperature
“ 2. — Winds
+“ 3. —Barom r & Atmospheric pressure.
“ 4. Aqueous Phenomena of the Atmosphere. (1) Evaporation & drought/dew?? (2) –Dew— (3) ??— (4) Rain— (5) Hail— (6) Snow.
+“ 5. Thunderstorms.—
+“ 6.-- General Remarks on the weather, & weather changes.—
+“ 7.— Of Weather Prognostications.—(Of course discouraging the weather prophets[)]
+Then follows this last chapter on Climate, containing, however, only a few general remarks,— previous to speaking of that of Camb sh.—When you have read it, & given me your remarks,—send it back — as soon as you conveniently can.—
With regard to the agreement between me & V. Voorst, on which I wrote to you before,— it is arranged that, in addition to the £60 he first offered,— he is to give me £20 more for editing, with any necessary corrections &c., a second edition,— in the event of a 2 nd Edition being called for. I am also to have 12 copies free of charge for distribution to friends. —With this I am quite satisfied.—
I presume you did not go to Dublin. I wrote to Harriet two days back at Tonbridge Wells, where I find she is staying, & am sorry to hear she has not been so well lately. Fanny I suppose has left you. With kind love to the rest,--
+Believe me, | yours affectionately| L. Jenyns.
+Date of letter inferred from the date of the Dublin meeting of the British Association
+Available under license only
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+The long missing volumes came safely back to me on Saturday last thro’ some channel or other, & I thank you for sending them. —I thought I had been always very careful in putting up your full share of plates belonging to the Botanical half of the Annales des Sciences, but on the return of several vols. of my half which I had sent to be bound, there came back loose one Botanical plate, which I suppose had escaped my eye, but which the binder had found: it is 3 rd Ser. Tom. 9. pl. 12; therefore just see if that plate is missing in your set (for possibly it may be a duplicate) & if so I will take care that it is forwarded in the next parcel.— You said of the plant, I sent you some time back to name,— it is “Melissa (not Melittis) grandiflora”, without referring me to any authority;— consequently my puzzle is not altogether closed, as I find in Babing. Man. (at least 1 st Edit. for I have not got 2 nd) both these names, standing as genera,— Melissa (sp. officinalis 2.) p.231,— & Melittis (not Melissa)— sp. melissophyllum, of which grandiflora of Smith is made a variety: I presume you meant this last to be my plant, but if so, you & Bab. don’t agree about Genera.— I now send you another plant, which George, as much as myself, wishes to know about— as it came up of its own accord in the Flower Garden at the Hall amid a bed of some annual or other which he had sown: it is very succulent & has the habit of a water plant, without anything about it to attract the notice of a florist, there being no flower that is at all conspicuous, but seeming to pass from a state of bud to that of seed (of which there is plenty) by the spitting or shedding of something a diphyllous calyx somewhat resembling in the fresh state the calyfera of a moss: it seems to be more nearly allied to Peplis portula than to any other of a British plant, but I presume it is a foreign.
I am still without having found a Curate yet to take my parish during the winter, though I have made every possible inquiry, & in all quarters, short of advertising, — a step I am very unwilling to have recourse to, except driven to it. Our plans therefore are still undecided, but as I fully hope & trust to make some arrangement before long, & as in the event of our being away 6 months, I shall be put to a considerable expence, I am afraid I must deny myself the Birmingham expedition, & save all I can, till it is wanted to meet more pressing calls.—
+Yours affly | L. Jenyns.
+P.S. Is the journal of D r Hooker’s travels & route, of which I have seen some printed nos, to be bought, & if so— what is the exact title, & who is the publisher?—
Date of letter inferred from the date of the Birmingham meeting of the British Association
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+I send you all the nos. I have of Ann. des Sci. I have by me to the present time, including the omitted plate of a previous vol.— We go from hence on the 25 th,— & how will you arrange for getting them whilst I am away?— Will you order Macmillan to send them to you, or do you like them to remain here for ½ a year?— If you adopt the former plan, you must take charge of my zoological half till next Easter.
Yours aff | L. J.
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+I have just looked at Ann. des Sci., & find that the only plates which accompanied the Botanical No. for March were 7 & 8, both which I presume you have got. I feel certain that that none others came which have not been forwarded to you. When I am next in Cambridge, I will instruct Macmillan about sending the nos. in future to the Phil. Soc. addressed to you, where they may await your orders & you will then take care of my share till I return.—
+No time is yet fixed for our moving to the I. of Wight, nor can be, till I get a Curate,— of whom no tidings whatever at present.— A D r Martin has just published a very nice little work (as it appears to me at first sight) on the Climate & Nat. Hist. of the Undercliff, which I have procured, to take with me;— do you know anything of you him? He is a practicing physician, a medical man, in that neighbourhood. I shall be glad of a letter to D r Bromfield, whom I know by name, though I never met him;— but he resides at Ryde, not at Ventnor, so I shall scarcely see much of him.—
So the next meeting of the Brit. Assoc. is for Edinburgh, & the next after that for Ipswich; — then you will be in your glory, with all the Ipswich young men around you.
+I am sorry to say that, amid all my cares & things to attend to, I never remembered the specs. of Turf for Kew — but those which served to illustrate the paper I read to our section at Cambridge—were never sent back here, but left at the Society’s house in a box, — & if they are still in existence, which I will inquire after when next there— they may all go as they are to Sir W. Hooker—
+Some time back, a small species of Wasp, the exact name of I don’t know, built its nest against the roof of my dog kennel, obliging the dog to lye outside, & who nevertheless got stung in the foot; about the size of an orange;— the insect is very like the V. vulgaris, but much smaller, & is certainly distinct from what I have got named (by M r Smith the best authority in these groups) as the V. holsatica, but I have not time to attend to it now. I have the nest & species of wasp. but it was much broken by my man who took it down prematurely, misunderstanding my orders.—
Jane has sent a note to Harriet saying that I believe I shall take her to Brighton next week, & then return here alone, till I can get a curate. With my best love to her,
+Yours affly | L. Jenyns—
+P.S. My Rheumatism is still very indifferent, & obliges me to keep the house; I made it worse by doing duty yesterday.—
+Date of letter inferred from the date of the next Edinburgh meeting of the British Association
+Available under license only
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+I have waited the opportunity of forwarding this to you in a parcel containing a few dried plants I have selected from my Herbarium for M r. Jenyns— I beg you to accept my best thanks for the rare plants you were so very kind to send me in the Autumn they are a valuable acquisition to my Hortus Siccus—
I was only able to obtain 3 or 4 of the Berries of the Pyrus pinnatifida which I requested the favor of your Sister when I was at Windsor to forward to you, I hope you received them, and they may vegetate in the Cambridge Garden, next year I may be able to procure more—
+M r. D. Don has made some new discoveries of undescribed Junci, which he sent to M r Anderson at Chelsea Garden to cultivate— S r. Ja s. E. Smith received the Ophrys arachnitis from Plants last year, of which there will be an account in the Engl. Flora. The Orchis figured in Vol 27. of Engl. Bot. Tab: 1873. is now determined not to be the militaris, and it is proposed to call it Orchis Smithii, as a compliment to S r. J. E. Smith—
I hope we shall see you at Dartford this Summer, to make some new Botanical discoveries— The Farmer on whose Land the Centaurea solstitialis grew, was so very civil as to leave it uncut, and I have endeavored to save the Seed. and I send you some of the Capsules, and hope you will be able to make some vegetate in the Cambridge Garden—
+I remain My dear Sir | Yours very truly
+W m. Peete
Available under license only
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+Your postmark of Manchester took me by surprise as I little thought you were off in that direction;— but I direct this to Hitcham, nevertheless, expecting you will be back before this reaches.— I am very much obliged to you for the remarks on my last Ch. which I received this morning,— but they entail another letter, not from any way disputing the opinions given,— but simply with the views of getting further information. I did not look for a committee of 3 critics besides yourself sitting in judgment upon what I sent you to read,— but, perhaps, it is better to know what they think, especially D r H. who is a medical man.— I will proceed at once to what I wish to ask, or say in reply.
(1) The expression “by means of a vital organic action” w h you might have observed was in inverted commas, is in truth, borrowed from Humboldt, who uses it in reference to the same fact I am speaking of (See Cosmos. 1. 316), but I may nevertheless have mistaken his meaning.— Do you mean, by your correction, that the sentence may run — worded exactly thus?— “Not only is the dampness arising from the latter cause in such places kept up by the shade of the trees cutting off the drying effect of the suns rays & preventing a circulation of air, but fresh moisture is constantly exhaled from the leaves, (by a process which is in relation to the vital action by which they assimilate inorganic materials.)”— Or would the sentence be complete, & better without the words within the brackets,— ending at leaves,— or surfaces of the leaves.?—
(2) You have made a slight correction in pencil— (in the paragraph on the ice in chalkstones in gravel walks,— which really I cannot read — I suppose written in the carriage while going on.— Will you be good enough to make it again,— & for this purpose I copy the sentence to which the correction applied.— “As the cooling process gradually extends upwards to the strata of air resting upon the ground, fresh precipitations of moisture take place, & layer is added to layer, until the superficial crust of ice acquires considerable thickness.”
+(3) Why do you put doubtful to the paragraph relating to the decrease of ague in Camb sh? I simply speak to the fact, as observed by myself at S.B.— If you do mean doubtful in respect of its being due to the drainage of the fens,— it might be a sufficient correction, perhaps, to allege such fact as probably connected with the locality being drier, & so far more healthy than formerly,-- instead of saying –“As a proof of this in one instance, I may take the case of ague”,— an expression, no doubt, written too hastily.
This is, however, closely connected with the subject of miasma & endemics generally;— & I am greatly obliged to D r H. for his remarks, & the information that there are no intermittent fevers in S. temperate latitudes:— But surely he does not mean by this that such diseases are never traceable to heat & humidity acting upon decayed animal & vegetable matter — but simply that these causes are not in all cases alone sufficient to engender them?— Is there any doubt about some localities having been rendered more healthy in this respect by marshes &c being drained? And if what I have said on this subject is somewhat altered, & so restricted has to offer no opinion about the cause of intermittents generally, may not the paragraphs still stand?— Here too I did not rest, as you may suppose, entirely on my own judgment, — but consulted one or two medical books, before writing what I have stated:— I sometimes think I am over cautious in not committing myself to statements I might wish afterwards to retract,— but I will attend to your advice nevertheless.—
(4) I inserted the Utricularia, having observed it so frequently in the turf pits in Bott. Fen, though certainly not so frequent as the Chara;— but I will erase it at your suggestion.—
+(5) Why do you put 2 notes of interrogation to the statement as to Bath having a higher mean temp. than S.B. in the winter season more especially! I do not believe (I certainly have no evidence to induce me to think) that the summers are one bit hotter than in Camb sh. I conceive this all a mistake.—
Perhaps in the course of a week from this time you will have leisure to write to me again on these matters, & a very little on each head will leave as a reply.—You said nothing about the title* on w h I asked your opinion.—
Yours affly | L. Jenyns.
+*I sent you a copy, as proposed, with remarks.
+Date of letter inferred from the date of the Manchester meetimg of the British Association
+Available under license only
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+Many thanks for your good sermon on Indian affairs received this morning. I presume you got my Mss Preface I sent to you, for your inspection & remarks. As it was only 4 pages which will not take long to read, perhaps you will shortly return it,— giving me the best judgment you can form of the height of S.B. above sea level— as requested of to in the letter by which the preface was accompanied.— Also if you can tell me what the enclosed is, which was sent to me by a lady from her grounds, but not I believe an exact garden— do. It looks like a Lysimachia, & not very unlike L. nemorum; but are not the leaves too narrow & pointed?
I was sorry to hear from Elizabeth that Mary, now with you, had not been at all well lately, & obliged to place herself under Mrs Powse’s care:-- I hope a letter from herself or Harriet soon— will tell us that she is better.— With love to them, & the girls,—
+Believe me, your’s affectl y | L. Jenyns.
Available under license only
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+The little note was written by Mrs Sabini for her husband who has been obliged to avoid writing as much as may be, & she forgot to sign it. I hope you will accept the office, & write to Col Sabini Woolwich to say so as he is going soon abroad & has this in hand. I sent the little note to him for signature, but don’t delay to write & say yes!
+E yours truly | John Phillips
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+The Cardium is the C. Layton, Morris the Cyprina, the C. Morrisii, sav, & the Corbula the C. Regulbienne, mor. The Cardium & Corbula you will find in my Woolwich series paper. I hope you will find a good list of things in the Pleistocene beds & remain
+My dear Sir, | yours very truly | Jn. Prestwich.
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+The name of the shell you ask is the Astarte tenera, sav. You will find a list of the shells of this bed at the Reculvers in my paper in the Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Vol VI p.265. Since then however the Astarte & Cardium have been named, & the Corbula changed, They all come from the Cliffs between Herne Bay & the Reculvers.
+yours very truly | Jh. Prestwich. J.r
+The specimens from M. r Wood have reached me safely.
Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+You will see that I have put to rights the Hitcham matter nunc meo — I found enquiries springing up which were ????? at once.
+Here is Col. Reids ans. It is a pity that Dr H did not see him — for if his father shd die his chance of succeeding to Kew might be damaged — i.e. if he has any thoughts of succeeding.
+Yrs | J.L.
+[on reverse]
+Dear D. r Lindley
I have handed your note on the working classes to M. r Redgrave & he & I will give it consideration. I send you a some copy of the decisions that Professor Henslow may see paragraphs 61 & 62.
Y.rs very sinc. | ?? Reid
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I was out of England all last Autumn and I never heard what became of your report upon types in Zoology for the British Association — You will recollect my contribution of a list of the types of Birds. If you have any copies of the report at your disposal I should be very much obliged to you if you would send me one, as I have never seen it.
+Very faithfully your’s | Philip Lutley Sclater
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Sir William Jardine (with whom I am staying here for a few days) has handed me over the proof of the ‘List of Types of Aves[‘] which I now return to you corrected. I could easily add references to plates of all the species given as types in London — but have no books here — so I return it without them[.] But I shall be in London again after the next week (49 Pall Mall) and if it is not too late will then, if you like to return me the List, add the references to plates, and also furnish you with a List of Mammalia — and types which you do not appear to have
+Your’s very faithfully | Philip Lutley Sclater
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+My Brother wants to know what is this weed — It grows abundantly in his wheatfield near Scarbro’ — I shall be glad to have your reply at Dent n. r Kendal— I have been laid up for nearly a week by a vile diarrhoea; but my bowels are beginning to be more tranquil
Kind remembrances to your household
+Ever yours | A Sedgwick
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I suppose my Assistant has posted to you one of my Circulars; for I did I directed them to all the Professors of the U, & should hardly have forgotten you.
+My Professorial days are nearly/many numbered; & I want to end them (like an Italian fiddler) with a grand Manner, & if the Senate does not help me, I shall end in a scrape.
+I secured M r Gray’s collection with a every money possible: e?? to by coming down with 250£ meo periculo. I believe I could sell the collection in London to great profit; but that I should be ashamed to do; & that I cannot do without breaking word with M r J??: for his prices are fixed on the condition that the collection should go to the Cam: Museum.
I have added a short notice to the a copy one of them. If the small but very beautiful collection of ?? Shells (given by M. r Brocke) be put under glass, as it ought to be; in that case the complete arrangement of the Woodwardia series would cost about 500£[.] I did not think of the first item when I printed the circular: & if the U. have a c? fit the ? shells may be put off to another day — Kind regards to M. rs Henslow & to all whom I know in your house; & a kiss to my dear Goddaughter— Pray tell me how you are going on. I broke down again ?? ??. From the 4 th of Dec. to the 31 st I was a close/house Prisoner— being tormented by a vile cough & clogged by a discharge from the bronchial tubes. I went for 10 days in January to Norwich. I first went to try my legs; & they bore the two hours in the train better than I hoped for; but I caught a fresh cold which again put me in limbo. I was very anxious to got Dent to see a poor old dying Sister. About the middle of January I did start for Dent, halting in the way to avoid night air— I arrived alas! too late. Poor ?? was gone before I reached the old Parsonage This has been to me a great sorrow. I returned to Cambridge just before the Poll closed so I gave my vote for D?, & found myself a small minority. This fact was quite ??. It was what often happened in my younger days, & it has put me in what I almost think a state of nature. I am still ailing so I do not go into Hall, my legs are so tender
P.S. Various sums (from 1£ to £10) have been subscribed & the total amounts to more than 100£. I have put my sum down for 20£, but ??, of course, so ??; as I am interested now ?? than one. Hawkins has presented us with a fine collection of Saurians
+from the Lias; asking only 100£ for the cost of mounting in frames. This sum our Master (i.e. of Trinity) has generously undertaken to pay. Whewell has also sent his sum to the ?? subscription for 10£[.] This is generous — is it not? For he has thus committed himself for 110£ annually to the Geological Museum.
+But how much have the other Heads sent? As yet, not one farthing. This does disappoint me: for they had the lithograph circular four or five weeks before any one else. It was sent to them by my Assistant while I was away in the N. of England—
+P.S.S. Hawkins had been in correspondence with the Governments of Russia, Prussia & the United States on the subject of his collection for which he asked, I believe, nearly 2000£— a sum certainly far above their market value. Failing in all these quarters he finally offered it as a gift to us— The fiend Gout also bothers me again. Ever since 1830, the Spring has been to me a season of low spirits, & vile temper: & these distempers lord it over me quite into summer. I must stop.
+Yours affectionately | ASedgwick
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I rec’d your Letter dated the 10 th of this Month closing our agreement for the Collection of British Birds and have sent answers to those Gentlemen who had written to me respecting them “that they are sold”– I have no objections to keep them a short time as you had better endeavour to get as many Subscriptions as you can for when your Gentlemen see the 10 large Cases that are completed , they will be anxious to have to have the reminder fitted up in the same manner and in uniform Cases, if you do that, and the Specimens you collect in future (are as fine as those you have just bought) to finish the Collection complete, you will have the finest Collection of British Birds ever made in this Kingdom, I am certain there are none to be compared to those you have now agreed for, “at this present time”, – Mr Lombe of Melton Hall – Norfolk – has the next best Collection of British Birds in England that I know of – I think it would be adviseable for your Counsel to adopt some Person to come and give such orders respecting the remainder of them, as there are a great many Birds in similar Cases to those you have already got which must be sent in large Packing Cases as before– the 10 large Cases are 3 feet 10 Inches Square those are completely finished and at no expence to pack them, except a Carpenter a short time to fix some Screw plates on, them which are made for the purpose, those I will lend you on those terms that you will return them free of expence to me when finish’d unpacking– there is likewise other 2 Cases the same size as the 10 cases before mention’d, which the former proprietor thought he could Mount when Stuff’d equally to the 10 cases which I fitted, being anxious to have them sooner than I could spare time to fit them up but finding them not so easy as he thought he did not complete them to please himself, one of those contains the finest Collection of small British Birds I ever saw, and the other Case for the Corvus Family these 2 cases should be remounted to correspond with the other 10 cases, those I showed to Mr Jenyns,– as to the room they will occupy I cannot say, as it depends on the height you put them upon each other , if your Counsel should think proper for me to pack the Collection and send it as it now stands, or make any alterations they wish I will do it with the greatest pleasure, on the most reasonable terms, not to injure myself, if I hope that in 6 weeks or 2 months from this Date you will be able to make ready for their reception– the Specimens that are out of Cases must be kept in some Store Case, until you get such Specimens as will make the familys complete to fill a Case as before, your answer to this, as soon as convenient that I may make any preparation will greatly oblige
Your most obedient | Humble Servant | B. Leadbeater
+Addressed to Henslow: favour'd by the Provost of Kings
+Professor Henslow
+Philosophical Society
+Cambridge
+Available under license only
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+Oh you have sent me a letter of sorrow! May God in mercy
+to you spare your dear Wife & restore her to her sorrowing family! If such be not His will, may you all have strength to ?? the present grief as Christians ought to do, & to say in your hearts, what Christ said in his agony, “not my will but His be done!” I have nothing better to say— It may be God’s will to visit your house with a great affliction: but your hearts will find comfort; for yours will be a sorrow suffered & sanctified by Christian hope — May God bless you & your children Give my best love to them all I shall wait for another letter with heartfelt anxiety
+Ever your affectionate old friend | A Sedgwick
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I return ?? Baker’s letter, as you wished me to do so, I sent it to a Lady at this place in order that she might set her young friends to work in procuring wild flowers &c; and am confident they will some of them do the needful
+The goat was beginning to show his ugly face so I ran hither to get away from it: but this is, as ought to be, a buoy ?? & I must return it in a day or two
+My best love to all the ladies you have with you
+Ever affec y yours | ASedgwick
Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+We have with us now Sir James Carlisle & his Lady, lately come here from India, where he saw a good deal of D r Hooker, who mentions him in his book— if you & Miss Henslow can spare an hour either tomorrow evg or Thursday, I am sure they will be glad to see you— Sir James enquired after you before he had been long here—
Ever | yours very sincerely | William Selwyn
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I need not I think assure you what pleasure it would give Lady Trevelyan & myself if you could take this place in your way to or from the meeting of the Association at Glasgow—
+Our nearest station is Morpeth (13 miles) Newcastle is 20— & at either of these places conveyances to us can be procured.
+I hope I shall hear from you that you will come here, & I remain, with our united kind remembrances,
+yours very sincerely | William Trevelyan
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+On returning this evening from the good city of Winchester where I have been on a visit to the Dean with a view of making arrangements for our Congress in Sept. r I found your kind letter and your brothers, who sends me his name for the list of annual Subscribers and assures me that your own is coming— I rejoice to hear it, for I had been on the point of writing to you, fearing you might take Roach Smith, who is a zealous intelligent excellent fellow, as a sample of his party. I sincerely regret losing him, but he has taken a strong bias in favor of certain persons with whom the majority of our old Committee will not and cannot act again— It is no rivality or jealousy as they affect to shew but a straightforward consideration of maintaining principle and honorable conduct against the perversion of public purposes to private interests. I have too high an opinion of Smiths character and integrity to say anything in reproach to him, and I regret what has occurred but it has been inevitable. Where principle is concerned there can be no compromise
I hope that next time you have any discoveries or drawings to communicate you will favor me with them— and I am specially interested about the cinerary urns which occupy your notice, and should be much pleased to put any new types into our Journal[.] But pray let me have your name and come to Winchester in the third week in Sept. r and take part in our primeval section, and open some barrows on the Hampshire hills, & see if their urns are like your Suffolk discoveries—
I should be delighted to run down and see you but I am not able to get away between the Antiquaries & the Archaeological[.] Pray observe that they have the quarrel all on their side— We have not been able to withhold an expression of dissatisfaction, which they have made a casus belli and they have all the squabbling on their side. We maintain our straightforward quiet course, and are supported by all whose opinion we value, amongst whom I would anxiously hope to number yourself, so send me your name and something for the Journal hereafter as occasion may occur. Let Smith have the present lot if you choose it. I shall not grudge them. I wish them no ill, and only lament that they have not Smith’s integrity.
+The Master of Trinity has joined our Central Committee and promised to take part at Winchester on the Architectural section— We much want Primevals, and your presence will be very valuable on that occasion.
+Believe me | yours very truly | Albert Way
+Available under license only
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+I return the list with localities added to those species which were without them—
+The concluding part of my “Mollusca” — with the Index, is in print, & will be published this month I suppose—
+I hope you will find time to look at the Chapters on Distribution — as I have collected all the mem a containing poor Forbes’ views, & those of his immediate circle of friends who shared those views.
Yours sincerely | S.P.Woodward
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+You were kind enough some months ago (before indeed my last ill. del. trip to Madeira) to ask me to spend a few days with you, but I was not able to accept your invitation.
I do not know whether you are now at home, & would be able to give me a similar offer; but, if so, I would gladly take you for two or three nights on Friday next— I am leaving here, for my Brother’s at Bury S. t Edmunds, tomorrow, & shall remain with him until Friday morning.— Now, I am not in the least aware whether you may be absent from home, or engaged, or otherwise unable to receive me; & I shall therefore trust to you kindly to let me know this honestly: but it has struck me, that, if you should be able to give me a bed for 2 or 3 nights, it w. d be an excellent opportunity of availing myself of your former hospitable invitation.—
I am obliged to be in London on the Monday (tom. week); & indeed I shall probably return home on Friday s. d you be in any way engaged at the time I propose: & I need not repeat therefore that I trust you will tell me candidly if my proposition s. d be inconvenient.
Believe me, | yours very truly | J. ?. Wollaston
+P.S. A line addressed to me at “Col. Wollaston’s, Bury S. t Edmunds” I shall be sure to receive.
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+Discusses appointment of new trustees for JSH’s chantry lands. List of current trustees enclosed with known deaths noted.
+Hitcham Manor.
+I had some conversation with M. r Harper respecting the Trustees for your Chantry Lands, copyhold of this Manor, and it is to the interest of your parish to take an early opportunity of vesting the Estate in New Trustees – whom the present Lord has I believe promised to admit without a Fine.
I send a List of 24 persons who were adm. d in 1778. If any are Living, and you will inform me with certainty who they are, with other names to make up 24 Trustees I will do what is necessary.
If they are all dead the survivor must be ascertained with certainty, and his heir must take admission, and surrender to the new Trustees.
+The new Trustees must be yourself, your Churchwarden, and other respectable persons, but the younger the better. I am willing that my name shall be one, as I see the former Steward was one. You must [rest of sentence ill.del.]
+
Believe me to be | very truly yours | Rich. d Almack
John Wenyoe Esq r Brettenham [JSH: Dead]
Edward Goale Esq. Brent Ely [Dead]
+Charles Squire. Stew. Of the Manor [Dead]
+Hy. Hill, Clerk, Buxhall [Dead]
+Thomas Cook the Yr, Clerk, Elsworth, Camb shr [Dead]
Edward Mills, Clerk, Hitcham [Dead]
+John Ransom, Farmer, Hitcham [Dead]
+& John, his son, [Dead]
+John Enals, Farmer, Hitcham [Dead]
+& John, his son, [Dead]
+John Clover, (son of Ja. s Clover) ??piller, Hitcham
Joseph Leaver, Weelwright, Hitcham
+& John, his son,
+Richard Kembale, Farmer, Hitcham
+& John, his son, [last survivor, died at Stowmarket]
+Thomas Maidwell, Farmer, Hitcham
+Thomas Dansie (son of Tho. s Dansie), Farmer, Hitcham
John Beunel, Farmer, Hitcham
+Robert Pocklington & H.J. Sharpe Pocklington (Sons of Samuel Pocklington), Esquires, Chelsworth
+Thomas Kemball, Farmer, Hitcham
+Robert Wade, Farmer Hitcham
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I remand, in perfect order, the Plants w ch you were good enough to send to me by M r Ramsay. I am disappointed that he was not at the same time the bearer of a letter which he said you intended to have written to me. I am particularly curious to hear about your Althæa hirsuta. How could such a plant have been overlooked in Kent? Is it certainly indigenous? The whole of your Specimens were most acceptable to me.
I wish I could hope for a similar reception to a few which M r Ramsay has offered to carry to you. They were chiefly collected by me in the extreme North West of Scotland in August last. Perhaps you may not be displeased to receive them on account of the stations, tho’ many of them you must have already. The Luzula arcuata has only been found in the station quoted, & in that discovered by D r. Hooker in Aberdeenshire a year or two before. I am sorry I can only send to you a very miserable specimen of the Apargia alpina. It is scarce in the only two stations in which I have yet found it & unfortunately the only season in which I can visit the mountains is too early to find it in flower.
I went into the Country with too large a portion of my Class this season. The rule on such occasions is always to give a specimen of every plant found, to every individual of the party, & consequently the rarest plants were absorbed by the Party itself. As an appendix to my last quarterly list of new plants, there is a list of such things as were worth noticing, which we found in new Stations, omitting such plants & stations as I had observed two years ago, & which had appeared in the Edin r. Philosophical Journal for Jan. y 1826. Here these lists will give you some notion of the vegetation of that frightful corner of Britain, & Prof. Sedgwick (to whom I beg to be remembered) will give you some idea of the privations to be endured in getting at it.
Believe me yours very faithfully | Rob t Graham
Available under license only
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+Discusses forthcoming trip to Isle of Wight, states that he will help JSH with Ipswich Museum on his return.
+Shelves portrait scheme due to Thomas Herbert Maguire project of 60 scientific portraits, commissioned by George Ransome for the foundation of the Ipswich Museum. Explains the causes of fine dust that appears on daguerreotypes and that his portrait of JSH in this medium is admired.
+I go to the Isle of Wight early on Friday morn & on my return will do any thing that is in my power to further your scheme of the Museum & will not fail to look out some fruits for you. If I were to bring forward my Portrait scheme now I should certainly damage the spirited undertaking of an excellent Friend Ransome & therefore I have put it on the shelf, at least for a while. I took good Daguerreotypes of Buckland & Murchison last Monday in one of our Friends series and they are now at Maguires.
+There are two causes of the fine dust that appears on Daguerreotypes. The first one is, that the picture is always composed of minute mealy particles predominating in the lighter parts & nearly absent in the darker parts & thus it is the picture is produced. The second cause is rather too long an exposure to the Mercury, & then it is an additional crop of larger particles equally dispersed over the surface, but at considerable distance from each other comparatively. This second effect is not a desirable one but often occurs in the best Daguerreotypes.
+The portraits of yourself an[d] the Bishop are much admired as having so very characteristic expression
+I remain | My Dear Sir | yours most truly | J S Bowerbank
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Arranges to make a daguerreotype of JSH. Discusses beaver remains being sent to him by JSH and that a turtle sent by JSH to the Royal College of Surgeons has been received by Owens and will be returned in due course.
+On Wednesday week I have a firework party to please the young ones & shall be employed all day in preparations. On either Monday, Tuesday, Thursday or Friday I am at your service & weather permitting should like to catch the Daguerreotype of you if possible but that must be between 11 & 2 o clk & I must show before hand that I may have the Plates ready. For our Natural History Amusements? any time will suit and a Family dinner & a Bed await your service if such arrangements are convenient to you.
+I am very much obliged by all the trouble you have taken about the Beaver remains & should like much to have them[.] By some blunder I have mislaid your first letter & M r Decks, that is if I have not sent M r Decks to Cambridge to him but of this I am not certain as I have been overwhelmed with letter writing of late.
Your letters both reached me after much travelling about & the Turtle has also safely reached Owens hands & shall be taken every care of & safely ret d in due course.
with renewed thanks for the trouble you have taken for me
+I remain | My Dear Sir | yours most truly | J S Bowerbank
+P.S. Do not take further trouble about the Beaver[.] I will write Mr Deck to send them me tomorrow—
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Discusses the methods for adulteration of alcoholic drinks, including porter, ales and spirits. States that adulteration is far less harmful than the public imagine.
+Your notes have rather amused me as they shew by how easy a transition the sins of one casuistry got packed on the back of another. I have often smiled at the absurdity of the reports respecting the adulteration of Beer & spirits & you may rest assured that though adulterations they are much less injurious than the public imagine. I can assure you old Ginger Beer drinkers have a much more critical taste that you can imagine & if a man were once to acquire a character for adulteration it would be his ruin. Ignorant men have often attempted adulterations with Oil of Vitriol Potass &c but they have soon found out that they lost more than they gained by the use of such materials. Some peculiar Beers such as Scotch Ales & Burton ales there is little doubt have narcotics in them but these are never drunk by the lower classes.
+The customary adulteration of Porter is Molasses and Water a small beer with a very minute portion of sulphate of iron to give a heading to it but this is most frequently omitted as old toppers at once taste the iron and a little burnt sugar as colouring to restore the lost colour.
+Ales are heated in a similar away substituting raw sugar for molasses. Even these are by no means general Narcotics, are not used by publicans as it is their interest that their customers should drink on but not get tipsey.
+The usual law publicans adulteration of Gin is water loaf sugar & infusion in spirit of Lesser Cardamom, or other peppers, usually Bird-pepper to give pickler strength or warmth in the mouth without alteration of the flavor. Even from a Rectifier I will venture to say is never adulterated nor is Whiskey or Raw Spirit ever sophisticated. The only Ingredients used in its prescription being American Pot. Charcoal and under peculiar circumstances, a small portion of Chloride of Lime. These ingredients are put into the Still & do not rise with the purified spirit.
+Formerly small portions of Sulphuric or Nitric Acid were used along with the Alkalies & with what effect you may imagine[.] Of late years the Acids have been universally discarded[.]
+Now I believe I have made a “clean breast of it” and you will know almost as much as oneself have of its rascallities of course always excepting especial rogues & fools. & so you see a “Certain person” may not always be so black as he is painted.
+I remain | My Dear Sir | most truly yours | J. S. Bowerbank
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Discusses advice given to JSH on nux vomica and advice given to Bowerbank by JSH on leech cocoons. Compliments Henslow on his comparative kindness. Sends waste prints for JSH and the Ipswich Museum.
Discusses campaign to secure a comfortable position with a government pension for an associate, possibly Robert Edmond Grant.
+I only wish I could have done you a better service than setting you right on such a trifle as the Nux vom. I have not forgotten the well timed & kindly manner in which you set me right regarding the Leech cocoons years since and you were then a stranger to me which greatly enhanced the value of your kindness in my estimation. You may smile at my keen recollection of an act that I know was a mere matter of course to you, but the truth is amid the selfish struggles of London Scientific men for fame I have seen so little of kindly feeling that I prize it all the more highly when I do meet with it in a kindly & disinterested form.
+I hope the waste prints sent will be of service[.] I have no waste prints of the Fossil Prints but I pray you to accept for yourself & the Museum the two copies sent.
+In respect to the Grant affair, I must say that I feel exceedingly anxious to succeed. The Doctor[’]s merits are not sufficiently known, had he been more of a Courtier & less high minded & disinterested he would have been in a very different position to that which he now occupies. The great aim of this movement is to bring him forwards so prominently as ultimately to get him a Government pension to somewhat secure his old age from actual poverty
+I remain | My Dear Sir | yours most truly | J. S. Bowerbank
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Asks JSH about the situation regarding George Ransome, the first Honorary Secretary of the Ipswich Museum. Under his tenure, which ended in 1852, the Museum got into debt and Ransome failed to keep others informed. As President, JSH was obliged seek Ransome’s resignation and subsequently the Museum was financially supported by the Ipswich Corporation.
+I have just returned from Ireland where I had conversation on Geo Ransome affair with Forbes and from what he says I have some hope that the imputation may yet be removed from his character. I most ardently wish it may be so. I have not heard from him or of him since the receipt of your note, but he has scarcely been absent from my mind since that period & I am most anxious to know what further has transpired & whether any thing favourable has turned up. Pray write me a few lines at your convenience. I wish I could aid him in any manner but I confess I do not see how I could. He has moral influence & worldy wisdom enough in Ipswich if that would do it
+I cannot bring myself to believe that he is guilty of that which he has been charged but I fear that in trying to escape from lesser evils he has fallen into the advance of the greater one & has so entangled himself as to render his release difficult but I hope not hopeless.
+You will I am sure excuse my thus troubling you but I cannot help feeling deep regret & much anxiety regarding this painful affair
+I remain | My Dear Sir | yours most truly | J. S. Bowerbank
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Discusses plan to get a government pension for the Berwick-upon-Tweed naturalist George Johnston and asks JSH for a testimonial. Explains that Johnston has given away earnings to his brother and others in need.
+Mentions that he has not heard from their ‘lost Friend’, this is probably George Ransome, who left his position as Honorary Secretary of the Ipswich Museum after incurring debts.
+You know D r Johnston of Bewick on Tweed so well by his Works on Zoophytes, Sponges, Shells, Plants of Bewickshire &c &c & by his being the founder of the Annals. Nat. Hist & the Ray Society that you will not be surprised at my taking a strong interest in the attempt now being made to get him one of the Government pensions to learned men and at my thus writing to you to beg you will favour us with a testimonial to his traits as a Naturalist.
But you may not know that by a Noble generosity to an erring Brother and to two other unfortunate ones he has sacrificed the entire earnings of his professional life & has again to battle the world in his declining years. As an intimate friend I know how all this is & how well he deserves the sympathy of all good men & so I beg of you to lend me the strength of your name to help him to that pension that his long & disinterested labours in Natural History has so well merited. And if you can add those of any other influential Cambridge men it would be an additional obligation
+I hope you have been well amidst all this weather.
+I have neither heard of nor seen any thing of our lost Friend since your last to me. It is a painful recollection, but I fear there is no hope at the bottom of the box.
+I remain | My Dear Sir | yours most truly | J. S. Bowerbank
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Writes in relation to a batch of lenses for JSH, includes a list of lens types and a price for the whole batch. Includes instructions for mounting them.
+I have luckily hit upon what you want in the lens way the lot is as under
+72 useful low powers various
+60 spectacle glasses rubbish
+19 small [drawing of a circle] lens’s good
+33 plane convex [larger drawing of a circle] capital
+184 for 61s – I send you one as a crude idea for mounting them. A hand basin with water as hot as you can bear will enable you to manipulate with rapidity & a very small taper flame will seal the junction of the clips in a second or two. You or the Ladies will very much improve on this my first attempt[.] How shall I put you in the way of getting them? You will find some very good crossed lens’s among the larger ones.
+Excuse this blundering note & believe me
+My Dear Sir | yours most truly | J. S. Bowerbank
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Discusses intention to rectify error in sending books to JSH and arranges receipt of batch of lenses by JSH.
+The mistake is one of my making & I will make it right when the vol for 1854 is sent by enclosing also that for 1853[.] You will then be precisely in the position I stated to you & I must settle the matter with the late answer. I will leave the Glasses for you this afternoon & I think you will be pleased with your bargain which is better by nearly three dozen good Glasses than I stated in my former note as I neglected to count one parcel of them
+Most truly yours | J. S. Bowerbank
+P.S. I regret having given you so much useless trouble about the Books
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Explains lack of correspondence due to lumbago. Hopes to attend meeting with JSH and others if condition improves, bringing examples of Russian ammunition and black bread. This is probably Borodinsky bread, which uses coriander seeds to represent grapeshot.
+This is the first day I have been able to sit at the Table to write a note having been completely doubled up by Lumbago. I am doing all I can to enable me to be with you on the 16 th and look forward with hope as I am today so much better[.] M r Cartright is I think in Paris as I have had no reply to my Note to him.
If I come I will bring with me a Grape shot & some Bullets & a Cartridge from the Russians & a Grape shot from the Redan also a small piece of Russian black bread which they may compare with their own with advantage to the latter
+My enemy is touching me from the rear & so I must say adieu
+Most truly yours | J. S. Bowerbank
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+You must continue to come over here either on Friday, or Monday next. Mr. Audubon has brought some engravings of his work on American birds, more splendid than you ever beheld – Elephant folio, highly colored, 2 guineas per No. – each No containing 5 plates – Birds natural size – groups of birds and flowers where the subjects are small – 26 yrs in the woods of America – Losing 70 per cent by the publication, from a want of subscriptions – determined to continue it at all risks – subscribers increasing rapidly. The Public library has subscribed – and I hope the Fitzwilliam will.
+I have also planned a subscription of 5/– per head per annum for a copy for the Phil. Soc. there being five nos = 10 gns published annually. Of course I shall put your name down. The man is very amiable, very zealous, and deserves to be extensively patronised. The paper for each plate costs him 2/– so that you have engraving and coloring for 6/–. He is to bring his drawings here on Friday evening, and I intend to summon a meeting of the Council on Monday for the purpose of mentioning the subject and one or 2 other things I have to say. Perhaps you wd prefer coming on that day. I have returned a noble copy of the Flora Danica 10 vol. fol. for 10 gns.
+Yrs ever sincerely | J S Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Regrets that he is unable to attend a meeting with JSH and others mentioned in previous letter due to continuation of lumbago.
+I regret to say that I cannot join your pleasant party tomorrow. The enemy has too secure a hold of me. I am a little better but I am not yet “an upright man”, and my medical adviser says if I will go I may reckon on a return of the Malady in full force & so I am obliged to succumb. What makes it more annoying to me is that the position of writing is one of my most painful ones & so I know you will excuse my being brief in my communication
+Most truly yours | J. S. Bowerbank
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Describes microscopic images of bat hair for JSH in a plate illustrating a paper by J. Zuetell.
+I have had a good hunt over my old stores to find you the plate sent which will I think illustrate your subject. The Plate illustrates a paper by J Zuetell Vol 1. Trans. Microscopical Soc y. of London p.55 & for your edification I send you a description of the Plate.
7. A bats hair shewing the absence of scales at the root
+8. A portion of another hair on which the scales are placed at nearly right angles to the shaft
+9. Another specimen in which the scales are placed obliquely.
+10. A specimen in which the scales are smaller and only extend round a portion of the circumference
+11. Scales removed from a Bats hair, of a light colour
+12. Scales from a dark hair exhibiting the pigment
+13. Scales removed from the hair of the Indian Bat which are beautifully serrated at their upper margins a.outside view b.inside view
+14. A number of scales closely connected together.
+15. Hair of a species of Vampire in which the scales are very evident at the upper part; at the lower they have been scratched off and the cellular interior of the hair is exhibited. [JSH writes in margin: ‘examine the Indonesian and Java bats’].
+16. A small hair of the Indian Bat showing the pointed extremity, and the close manner in which the scales are arranged.
+17 A hair of the same Bat exhibiting the whorls of scales more distant from each other and the smallness of the shaft between them.
+18. A similar specimen from which the scales have been removed in certain parts. A scale lying detached from the hair.
+I hope this may be of use to you & remain
+My Dear Sir | yours most truly | J. S. Bowerbank
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Discusses publication and distribution of the Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnaean Society. Also discusses the influence of the Society and the status of natural sciences at Cambridge.
Many thanks for your kind attention to my request — and your invitation to Cambridge — I fear this is wholly out of my power as I have not an hour to spare & have not been even to Selborne since November — I should have very much enjoyed a visit there under your auspices — I fear from your letter that the Authorities are not going much for Natural Science at your University — Can you give me any hints as to desiderata there—or any indication of future improvement? Or any details of increased interest on the part of the students &c?— I am anxious that as far as a voice from the Linnaean Society can avail, it should be heard in the influential quarters— You have probably heard that the Council decided last Tuesday on the publication of enlarged proceedings, to be called (probably) The Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnaean Society— & to be sent gratis & post-free to every fellow, and to be charged to others— The latter impressions to be refined in separate portions of Zoology & Botany if desired— This middle course will I hope nearly satisfy the wishes of all— I could not think it consistent with an honest regard to an implied contract that Fellows should have to pay for any of the Society’s publications. They have paid a large entrance fee, & [m?]any contributing a large annual subs. n — and in the County they have no other recompense for this than the publications of the Soc. y. Were any of them to be additionally paid for, I believe we should soon lose half our County members— Whereas by constantly keeping up a communication with them by means of a two-monthly journal brought to their very tables without cost or trouble, I hope we shall keep up their interest and retain the number of our fellows—
Believe me always | sincerely yours | Thomas Bell
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Discusses crustacea analysis to be done by Bell and others, together with labourers’ horticultural show organised by JSH.
+I thank you very sincerely for your interesting enclosures— I should have been delighted with your labourers Horticultural Show & if I could by possibility I could have been with you I should have gladly run down to you [sic]— I hope to profit by your suggestions if I am ever able to carry out a similar plan for Selborne.
+I have gone over the Podophthalmous Crustacea, and if you think this simple plan will do, I shall be very glad to do the Cephalia & Amphibia in the same way, or in any amended form that you may suggest— Westwood is at work upon the Edriophthalmatous Crustacea & the still lower forms, & could double up as well— & D r Hacid of the Brit: Mus: would be the best man for Entomostraca—
I go to Selborne on Saturday morning, & remain until Wednesday— after which I shall be in town for some time— I do not think however that any time will be lost by your writing to me here, as my letters are always forwarded to Selborne by the same evening’s post—
+Believe me | my dear Sir | most truly yours | Thomas Bell
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Makes arrangements for Linnean Society meeting. Discusses local politics and ‘Memoranda’ written by JSH.
+Your paper of “Memoranda” is a marvelous epitome!— I shall shew it to some friends of mine who are lecturing with great energy at Alton as an example of what a discourse on such a subject ought to be— I hope your Ipswich Council has today yesterday determined in favour of the double rate— But Rome was not built in a day— Our Linnaean Meeting does not take place today but this day week, so I hope we shall catch you—we dine (that is the Club) at half past 5 railway time— at the Freeman’s Tavern and, if you will return after the evening meeting with me, we shall have a bed for you, & shall be most happy to have you under our roof
Ever believe me | sincerely yours | Thomas Bell
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Sends corrected list of Podophthalma. Discusses intended journey of ‘Lester’ to Egypt.
I send you the corrected list of Podophthalma—
+I quite agree with you in liking the appearance of the Journal— I believe it has hitherto given satisfaction— but it had nearly been a bad bone of contention at first—
+Your allusion to Lester’s intended journey to Egypt is the first intimation I have had of his intention— I have not seen him since he came to London, where I understood he proposed remaining for about 3 months to take a course of Chemistry— He is a very promising young man, and must have a great deal of good purpose in him to have achieved such a victory over his early habits—
+Believe me| yours very truly | Thomas Bell
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Regrets inability to find specimens for JSH as not in London and states that collection containing skeletons of a beaver and alpine hare are in Cambridge with William Clark. Discusses use of JSH’s name in lecture to be published in The Lancet.
I sincerely regret my inability to assist you in your present object. If I were in London I would run about & look out for the specimens, and nothing would give me greater pleasure, but I am not likely to be in Town before the 3 rd or 4 th of November— My collection of oste [illeg] is gone to Cambridge— & is in D r Clark’s possession— it contains a good beavers skeleton also a skeleton of the alpine Hare— (by the bye my nephew thinks the Irish Hare is identical with the Scandinavian species—this is odd enough, as it does not exist in Scotland—)
How cordially should I reciprocate the wish that you were nearer to London, were it not for the good you are now doing at your parish! I have taken your name in vain lately, in the introductory lecture which I had to deliver at the opening of the Session at Gray’s— I am absolutely freed to publish it —in the Lancet— & will if I can send you a copy as it relates to a subject in wh. you are interested—
+Ever yours sincerely | Thomas Bell
+[P.S.] As to the Mammalia, if no one else will do it I will— but I should think Gray the proper man
+Available under license only
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+Makes arrangements for JSH to stay with him in London and for possible meeting with Hooker.
+I have only this morning received your letter which gives me great pleasure in offering me again your society for an evening in London. The drawback is that M rs Bell will not have the pleasure of being with us you which she very much regrets— I will dine at any time you please from five to eight— only let me know at what hour you will find it convenient to be with me— I go back to London on Monday morning— but am obliged to leave M rs Bell here, as she is still very much an invalid— as I have also been for the last fortnight, but am now getting right again—
I shall just take my chance of getting D r Hooker to meet you, but fear it is scarcely probable that he will be able to come on so short notice especially as I cannot offer him a bed
Believe me |My dear Sir | yours most sincerely | Thomas Bell
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Thanks JSH for presents and sends New Year’s greetings.
+Were I to go on making such exchanges as that which has just taken place between us, I might speculate with the certainty of great gain— (if certainty can consist with speculation)—Caoutchouc against silver is a winning game— I accept with great pleasure your pencil case, as a keepsake from one whose friendship I greatly value & whom I cordially esteem & respect—
+May it please God to give to you & all dear to you a peaceful new year— Peace & ever happiness are not incompatible with those afflictions which come from the Hand of a merciful God, and are not the result of our own faults—
+Ever sincerely yours | Thomas Bell
+[P.S.] My wife desires her kind regards, and thanks you very heartily for your kind present of the book which she will value on more than one account— Thanks too for your letter on Church rates, in every word of which I entirely agree[.] We care for Selborne day to day—
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Invites JSH to visit him in Derby area to investigate two sites of possible archaeological interest: potential Roman remains on the banks of the River Derwent opposite Little Chester; a barrow in Tugford that looks to be unopened.
+When I had last the pleasure of seeing you in this part of the country, I did not expect that so long a time would elapse before we had the pleasure of seeing you again. I have been often intending to write to you to inquire whether there was any chance of you visiting this neighbourhood, & I am now disposed no longer to defer doing so, as I believe that I have two inducements to offer you.
+1. Soon after you were last with us, I had some large trees removed to this place from a grove, at a short distance from Derby, belonging to my house at St Helens, where we were then living. On the arrival of one of these trees at this place, there tumbled out of the ball of earth surrounding the roots the fragments of a Roman vase of red glazed pottery; I believe of the kind which is called Samian ware. The grove in question is near to the banks of the Derwent & opposite to the village of Little Chester, which was a Roman station, & where there was a bridge over the river; & a Roman paved road was found many years ago near the grove in question. I have kept the fragments, & I have not allowed the ground to be disturbed near the place from which the tree was taken, being in hopes that I should have an opportunity of making a further search with your assistance
2. I can also offer you another opportunity of some antiquarian examination in the neighbourhood. A friend of mine, a M r Bristow, a young Barrister in the Midland Circuit, has some property at Tugford, a village on the Trent, about 7 or 8 miles from Derby, He tells me that on this property there is a Barrow which he believes has never been opened; at least there is no record or appearance of its once having been meddled with. He is now intending to part with the property, & he is anxious that the Barrow should be previously examined. I believe that some time in the course of the next month would suit him best for the examination, at which of course he would like to be present.
I think it best to tell you exactly what I know of these two cases, as you will be best able to form an opinion as to the probable results of an examination. But if it should happen to suit you to be in this part of the country at any time in the course of the next four or five weeks, my wife & I would be delighted if you could pay us a visit here for as long a time as you can. Indeed almost any time for some months to come will suit us, but M r Bristow’s time is more limited.
Hoping that we may have the pleasure of seeing you
+I am, my dear Sir | yours very faithfully | Belper [late E. Strutt]
+I think it is safest to add my old name, lest you should not know me by my new one
+Available under license only
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+I beg, leave to offer you my best thanks for your letter of the 4 th. instant. The offer of assistance on the part of yourself and the Reverend L. Jenyns. I should have highly valued at all any times, but I particularly prize it at the commencement of a work much of the value of which I feel that much of its value will depend on the general cooperation of naturalists.— I shall state at once what I think you and Mr. Jenyns could do for me.
An account of the origin, rise, progress, and present state of the Museum for Natural History attached to the Philosophical Society of Cambridge, including a the notice of the latest purchases. Minute details need not be gone into, but leading dates, facts, and features, so as to give a general interest to the thing.
A paper on the Natural History of Cambridge and its neighbourhood, in which might be introduced an historical account of the taste for Natural History at Cambridge, (meaning among the learned men there,) from the earliest times to the present, including notices of the different institutions, museums, lectures, Botanic Garden, &c. to which this taste has given rise, short notices of the eminent naturalists which have studied at Cambridge or lived there, and a disquisition on the influence of the study of natural history, on the other studies pursued at Cambridge – shewing how much it would add to the enjoyments of Clergymen and others destined to live in the country to have a taste for Natural History, &c. &c. so extensive a subject would of course occupy a series of papers; but being so various in its objects, it admits of being both interesting and instructive.
+Occasional short notices on any point, or of meetings or Transactions at the Museum, or in anyway connected with Natural History, accounts of public lectures, &c. &c., and in short a monthly letter containing scraps of information suited for various heads enumerated in the prospectus, might I should think be sensibly furnished, by or between you and Mr. Jenyns, and for which I should be singularly obliged to you, and as a mark thereof send you the work regularly as it came out.
+I have thus Reverend and Dear Sir, expressed to you very fully what you can do for me, and have only to repeat my best thanks to yourself and the Reverend L. Jenyns, and to add that I hope you will let me have something in time for the first number.
+I remain, Reverend and Dear Sir, | Much obliged and very faithfully | J. C. Loudon
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Makes arrangements for a visit to see potential archaeological sites in Derby area discussed by Belper in previous letter: potential Roman remains on the banks of the River Derwent opposite Little Chester; a barrow in Tugford that looks to be unopened. Asks JSH to come early as barrow at Tugford is on a property up for auction.
+I have just heard from M r Bristow, & I find that Tuesday the 23 rd will suit him for coming to us. I hope therefore that you will come as early as convenient in that week, on Monday the 22 d, if you can. Our Station is Kegworth, on the Midland Railway, not more than a mile from the house, & I will send to meet you, if you will let me know by what Train we may expect you.
You will perhaps be so good as to let me have previously any instructions which you may wish to give us to the preparations you mentioned. In haste.
+Yours very faithfully | Belper
+[P.S.] I find that the Bristows property at Tugford is to be put up to auction on the 3 d of October.
Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Makes arrangements for a visit to see potential archaeological sites in Derby area discussed by Belper in previous letter: potential Roman remains on the banks of the River Derwent opposite Little Chester; a barrow in Tugford that looks to be unopened. Asks JSH to come early as barrow at Tugford is on a property up for auction and says preparations are being made for his arrival.
+I think it best to let you know that I have heard this morning from M r Bristow & that I find that he could not come on the 29 th, as he has an engagement during that week. He also says that, as the property at Tugford is to be sold by auction on the 3 d of October, that week would of course be too late for the investigation of the Barrow. You will perhaps recollect that in your first letter you told me that you could come either in the week beginning in the 22d or in that beginning on the 29 th, & that you asked me to say which r Bristow to inquire as to his convenience. Having heard from him that the former week would suit him, I wrote to you to that effect; but I believe that my letter must have crossed yours on the road, in which you propose setting off “on Monday fortnight”, which would be the 29 th. I hope, knowing this, you will be able to come in the former week, as it seems that the investigation of the Barrow cannot be longer delayed. M r Bristow tells me that he intends to go now to Tugford in the course of this week to make the preparations which you suggest. I was much interested & amused by your “Programme”.
Believe me | yours very truly | Belper
+[P.S.] I believe I omitted to tell you that a coin & some fragments of glass were found with the Roman Roman pottery & also some fragments of base ornaments
Available under license only
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+Sends thanks for receipt of papers and memoranda; praises JSH’s school sermon; regrets that archaeological digs during a recent visit to Derby area were unproductive.
+I must have appeared very ungrateful for not having sooner acknowledged your great kindness in taking so much trouble on my behalf, & sending me so many valuable papers & memorandums. They are full of suggestions to me, and I only hope that I may be able sometime to carry out some humble imitations of some of your many thoughtful & practical plans for the good of your people— I should have written sooner but we have had much anxiety during the past week, & I have had scarcely half an hour at my disposal— In addition to a hurried visit to London to see my poor sister Lady Romilly who is suffering from a most painful & distressing illness, my mother’s maid has been dangerously ill at Kingston, and in a state which required the greatest care & watchfulness. She is thank God now doing well, & we came up to London again yesterday for a day or two, & I must take advantage of this my first quiet evening to express my gratitude to you. I feel I scarcely ought to say how admirable I think your school sermon— It will I hope serve as a stimulus to me— for I feel my shortcomings very much. It is so easy to rest satisfied with tolerably good behavior, discipline & reading writing & arithmetic & yet leave untouched so may points that form the mind & character & inform the habits— but I shall try, & only wish you were near enough to come & find fault a little some times— Your visit was a very great pleasure to us, & I only regret that your archaeological researches were so unproductive— Some other time I trust you will come again, & if possible bring a daughter with you as you wld not encourage me to hope that M. rs Henslow could be induced to take so long a journey. It would give us so much pleasure to show you some of the aspects of interest in our neighbourhood— My husband begs to unite with me in my kind regards to you. Would you allow me to add my kind compliments to M. rs Henslow though I have not the pleasure of knowing her
Believe me | yours very truly & obliged Emily Belper
+[P.S.] Thank you for the 2. d enclosure. May I keep all the documents you have sent. I hope this is not very greedy of me?
Available under license only
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+Explains the difference between the terms bort and carbonate with reference to jewellery manufacture and offers to send JSH more bort dust.
+I shall be delighted to see you any day you happen to be in town and I never leave home before 12 o-clock—
+I am not surprised that you did not quite understand my statement about the bort and carbonate— for it is difficult to disentangle the scientific from the trade terms whenever we begin to speak of specimens which enter into jewellery—
+Bort is an old name given in trade to those diamonds which not being good enough to form into brilliants are grounded into diamond dust for the purpose of skitting and grinding the surface of various diamonds & rubies sapphires agates &c—
+You have set down bort in the table as synonymous with carbonate, but the latter is a new discovery and though beginning to be substituted in some works for bort is inferior in hardness, price &c the bort being recognized as real diamond, the carbonate not yet by the tradesmen though I doubt not it will be proved so by mineralogists.
+If you have the least wish I will send you a few more bits of bort dust when I last wrote I had no more by me. I wish you success in your laudable endeavors and remain
+Yours most truly | Dr Billing
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Mainly discusses the character and achievements of Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward in positive terms, including the invention and properties of the Wardian case.
+I was really grieved to find that you had been taking yourself to task, they say oneself is the hardest taskmaster, and I assure you I quite exhonerated you and gave in to your motives.
+Most true what your friend Hooker says that it is “as an active and energetic naturalist and most amiable man” that Ward’s friends have wished to offer him a testimonial brevetè d'invention is not always so easy to establish— Doubtless other persons may previously have transported some delicate plants in a box with mica or (Lantern) horn to admit light in preference to glass as not liable to be broken—
+Wards case was planned and used from a knowledge of the physiology of plants and in scientific principles, looking like a little greenhouse but differing in all points requisite for the purposes to which it is applied— the air is admitted and changed only be exosmose so slowly as not to produce sudden vicissitudes of temperature, whereas the temperature of a common greenhouse coincides & keeps pace with that of the surrounding atmosphere. The vapour in the case is condensed and preserved for use when necessary returning into the earth instead of escaping freely as through the opening and crevices of a common greenhouse and whenever condensed on the glass by external cold, giving out caloric so as to modify the temperature within—
+It is only necessary to see Wards large case as big as a greenhouse i.e. about 60 feet by 20 & about 12 high to be convinced of its nature and products—
+But it is the man who must be known to be appreciated. In early life the res augusta did not deter the ardent disciple and admirer of Linnaeus from his investigation of Nature engaged in an arduous and fatiguing profession, yet rising in the middle of the night to reach by sunrise on foot Blackheath or some of the localities furnishing botanical specimens. In after life honored in his profession and beloved by his friends as a single minded honest sincere and religious individual— Still, in advanced age, fulfilling his duties public and private with an equanimity which does not betray, to those who are not intimately acquainted, what he goes through from his own malady and the hopeless suffering of his beloved wife. He bears all with the placidity of Stoicism grafted upon Christianity—
+I am writing this in the examination room the first moment I have had at liberty since I rec. d your note and you see I abuse my lesson by inflicting my tediousness upon you— I am sorry to find we cannot have our dinner just yet as Tweedie an [illeg] of this conviviality the prime movers, have been both suffering from the plague of boils.
I bear in mind the agates, about what time shall you want to bring them into action?
+If you subscribe, as Hooker applied to you first, why not do it through him?
+Believe me | my dear Sir |very sincerely yours |Dr Billing
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Sends JSH stone specimens with brief descriptions.
+I have just looked out a few specimens which I had arranged for a similar purpose as yours, and I hope they may prove useful to you on Tuesday
+Wishing you success in your laudable undertaking
+Believe me | yours sincerely |Dr Billing
+A.A.A. fragments of the same stone, one in its natural state, one coloured by nitrate of iron one by honey & sulphuric acid—
+*B.B one by fire alone, one natural
+*C.C. Do— , Do
+*E. Common English yellowish brown flint changed by fire
+*G. Changed by fire alone
+*the tints varying merely from the quality of the stone— the agents the same
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Writes to assure JSH that all students taking the Cambridge medical examination should have already passed the botany examination.
+I think I may relieve you of the apprehension of any trouble in the approaching medical Examination, as I do not think there is likely to be any Candidate who has not already passed the Examination in Botany—
+Next Monday is the last day on which notice can be sent me of the intention of any Candidate to offer himself for Examination & if there should be any who have not been already examined by you I will give you the earliest intelligence of it
+Believe me | yours truly |H J H. Bond
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Writes to assure JSH that all students taking the Cambridge medical examination should have already passed the botany examination, so his attendance is not necessary.
+You will be glad to hear that there will be no occasion for you to attend the approaching Examination for the M.B. Degree, as for as far as I am aware, there is no Candidate that has not already been examined in Botany for the M.B. degree according to the old regulations— and the time for giving me notice has now expired
yours very truly |H J H. Bond
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Discusses payment of student fees for Cambridge lectures and says JSH’s fees are too low. Thanks JSH for allowing Bond’s daughter to attend his lectures.
+Your examination papers have duly come to hand—
+I do not think that the Board of Medical Studies can take cognizance of fees for lectures, but I am quite of your opinion that no certificate of attendance on lectures should be given unless the Professorial ticket has been produced or the fee paid: and, if made acquainted with the circumstance, I would myself present no candidate for his medical degree who had not paid all his fees— None of D r Humphry’s pupils belong to my class, or as far as I know, intend to proceed to a medical degree—but they should notwithstanding be made to pay up—
I think your fee is too low—
+I take this opportunity of thanking you for allowing my daughter to attend your lectures under the charge of M r Cookson, and I hope they have derived as much advantage as I am sure they did gratification from the privilege—
Believe me | yours very truly |H J H Bond
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Discusses JSH’s attendance at Cambridge University medical examinations, for students who need to be examined in botany as well. Need for attendance uncertain.
+I cannot at present tell you for certain whether there will be any candidates to be examined in Botany for this M.B. Examination this term, as they are not obliged to send notice of their intention of offering themselves till the Monday previous to the Examination and the only candidate that I have at present received a notice from, is exempted from examination in Botany from having distinguished himself in that Science Tripos in that subject— Still I think there will be one or two to be so examined— When I can, I will give you further information on the matter—
+With respect to Examiners not being expected to be present to examine, I really can give no opinion beyond that that the Board of Med. Studies have generally thought it to be inexpedient—Prof r Cumming, however, in consequence of his greatly advanced age will scarcely I imagine be present—
There is this difficulty however: it sometimes happens that candidates offer themselves for both examinations for the M.B. degree, but till the result of the 1 st Exam is known they cannot proceed to the 2 nd, consequently the delay in ascertaining the result from an absentee Examiner might be found very inconvenient—
Believe me | yours very truly |H J H Bond
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Asks JSH to get a chemist to analyse two different specimens of chalk being used in agriculture with different results.
+Will you be so good at your leisure to get some Chemist to analyze the 2 specimens of Chalk which accompany this note & to report to me as to their qualities. One came from my Berks Estate & is there much used as a manure for clay lands, the other from this place, has been also put on clay lands in this neighbourhood & without producing any benefit. I am anxious therefore to be able to account for these very different results.
L y B writes with me in compliments to M rs Henslow & yourself
Believe me | D r Sir | Y rs faithfully | Braybrooke
Available under license only
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+Approves of the idea of a system of allotments for the agricultural population if they are near to their cottages. Reluctant to attend a meeting of Suffolk proprietors as his views differ greatly from most of them, particularly in relation to the Corn Laws.
+I thank you for your letter & its enclosure which I read with much interest. I have no doubt that if the system of allotment adjacent the cottages were generally adopted, it would make a great change for the latter in the condition & habits of the laboring class married portion of the agricultural population, But the allotments should be near the cottages, otherwise they will not assume the intended purpose.
As my vacation is approaching I should be about probably tempted to attend the proposed meeting of Suffolk proprietors if it were not that my opinions on some essential points differ so much from those of the great majority of them, that they would be very unacceptable to such one assembly. I cannot but consider the existing corn laws are a very great mistake, as being equally inpolitic and unjust. I believe that while they remain as they are there will be no peace in Israel; and that if they were placed on another footing the agriculturalists would be surprized to find in the first instance that the change was productive of no harm to themselves & that ultimately it would improve instead of deteriorating their the conditions of ar all parties, landlords, farmers & labourers
Always Dear Sir | yours faithfully | B C Brodie
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+Arranges for a visit by JSH to Brodie’s estate, Broome Park, Surrey.
+I write to remind you that we hope to have the pleasure of seeing you here on Wednesday next, or early as you can make it convenient to come to us. I enclose the railway time-table. The Betchworth station is close to within 200 yards of your gate & within half a mile of the house. But it would be better for us to know by what train you may probably come, so that if it should be raining, or the ground wet, we may send a carriage to meet you. I do not know whether Miss Henslow is still in the neighbourhood of London, but whether she is or not Lady Brodie desires me to offer her compliments to her, & to say how much additional pleasure it will afford her if she will accompany you.
I hope that you may be able to stay a day or two so that we may have the opportunity of shewing you our county.
+Always Dear Sir | yours faithfully |B C Brodie
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+Writes regarding additions to Brodie’s local village library by JSH’s daughter and sister, together with JSH’s recent visit to his estate, Broome Park, Surrey.
+Lady Brodie & myself are much obliged to Miss Henslow & your sister for the interesting additions which they have made to the village library. Will you be so good as to offer them our thanks.
+We were much gratified by your visit to Broome & hope that we may be able to persuade you to repeat it on some further occasion.
+Always Dear Sir | yours faithfully |B C Brodie
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Writes positively about a report on schools written by JSH, particularly the benefits for children of learning by rote. Says he is unsurprised that JSH has some ‘bad folks’ among allotment scheme as this is human nature.
+I read your school report with much interest. I have no doubt that you are quite right about the learning by rote. I am sensible of having derived a great advantage from the practice in my own case. When I was young I learned a great deal by rote in w I found what I have learned to be a great resource to me during the more active part of my professional life, when I in travelling I have to pass many a long night by myself in a hack-chaise. When I could not sleep I had always something to do & think of, which made my solitary journeys agreeable rather than irksome. In your school-children, moreover the learning good things by rote, under your direction, will be very beneficial by keeping bad things out of their head.
I am not surprized that you have some bad folks among your allottees, for where are they not? We must take human nature as it is, & not be disheartened if we are sometimes thwarted in our attempts to do good.
+Lady Brodie desires to be kindly remembered to you.
+Always Dear Sir | yours faithfully |B C Brodie
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+Thanks JSH for sending American lily roots as a companion to white lilies sent previously. Hopes that JSH will visit him at his estate at Broome Park, Surrey, as he is attending examinations at London University.
+Discusses the question of church rates payments and a paper on the subject by JSH. Discusses difficulty of paying them if a tenant refuses as other landlords would see this as a bad example. Also discusses landlords making the payment and adding the amount to the rent on new leases.
+I thank you very much for the American lily roots which arrived safe some days ago, & are deposited in the water; as companion to the white lilies, which you were so kind to send me formerly. You said that you would be going to the examinations at the London University; & we hope that you will be able to pay us
a visit when you are in London, with any of your family who is with you. We should be most happy to receive you at any time, except on Friday next when I shall be absent, not probably returning to Broome until the afternoon of Saturday.
+I do not quite understand about the church rates. Of course I shall be ready to subscribe my proportion as stated in your printed paper: but this will go very little way indeed to relieve you of your difficulty. On the other hand it is difficult for me to know how to do more, as if my I pay what my tenant refuses to pay, other landlords would complain of my setting a bad example. The last thing would be, if that could be managed, that landlords should agree in granting every new lease to take the church rates on themselves, adding the amount to the rent. But I have many fears that if the questions were discussed by the proprietors all should come across the old proverb tot homines &c
Always Dear Sir | yours faithfully |B C Brodie
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+Arranges for possible visit by JSH to his estate at Broome Park, Surrey.
+I wish to be in London on the 25 th in order that I may attend the meeting of the Royal Society: & this will keep me there until the following morning. We shall be most happy to receive you (& Miss Henslow if she finds it convenient to come to us) on the 23 d. But as far as I can see at present, save & except the 18 th, 25 th & 30 th of this month any time will be convenient to us. If I hear nothing further we shall hope for the pleasure of seeing you on the 23 d.
Believe me | always yours truly |B C Brodie
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+Thanks JSH for account of his activities in Hitcham. Says he is unable to visit JSH in October as he is going to the seaside. Comments on the poor harvest, saying it must be bad in JSH’s part of Suffolk. States that potato harvest has been worse than ever, and he is planting the Chinese yam as a replacement.
+I thank you for the account which you sent me of your useful labours in Hitcham. I wish I could be with you on the 3 rd October; but I am afraid it will be quite out of my power to visit Suffolk this year. At present I am, as you will see, at my own house in Surrey; but we are on the point of going for a short time to the sea-side, from whence we shall return some time in the latter part of October. If it should happen that anything were to bring you into our part of the world afterwards, I hope I need not tell you how much pleasure it would afford us to receive a visit from yourself & any of your family who may accompany you.
The Harvest in our immediate neighbourhood has been nearly got in, but I am afraid that the state of it elsewhere must be very deplorable. My agent, M r Stowe, gives me a bad account of it in your part of Suffolk. Our potatoes are this year worse than ever. I am planting the Chinese yam, imported by Fortune, which I find to be very productive and which I hope that your poorer neighbours may find useful eventually, as in some degree a substitute for potatoes.
yours very truly | B C Brodie
+[In JSH’s hand: This letter is signed by Sir. B. Brodie, who has recently undergone an operation on his eyes. It is probably written by Lady B. or some friend— JSHenslow]
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+Thanks JSH for invitation to visit but cannot say if able to do so. Asks for JSH to send him any fungi of interest. Invites JSH to visit him at Elmhurst, near Batheaston, and comments that Leonard Jenyns also lives in the area.
+Your kind note reached me safely and I write to thank you for the invitation it contained and to say that I should have much pleasure in searching out the natural treasures of your neighbourhood but cannot say when I may be able to do so, meantime many things of interest no doubt occur to you in the Fungus line, which I should like much to see and the postman would be very willing to deliver here at no great charge.
+Do you ever come this way? If so it would [sic] Mrs Broome & myself much pleasure to see you here and should Mrs Henslow accompany you I should be very happy to introduce her to Mrs Broome; you have also an inducement in Leonard Jenyns living in the neighbourhood.
+Hoping to see something of your mycology one way or another
+believe me | yours very truly | C E Broome
+I most distinctly told W.J. that I am not authorized to pay him any money from the Club without receiving a Medical Certificate, backed by your own — but that I would pay whatever was thus certified to be his due — Dr G (the son of our Medical Advisor)
+(In JSH’s hand a rough draft scribbled out not relevant to this letter to C.E.Broome)
+Available under license only
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+Compliments JSH on his account of the excavation of tumulus at Ringham. Says he has not seen Cuscuta in local region but may have seen evidence of it in scorched appearance of Berkshire clover fields.
States that his wheat harvest is not as good as previous year, but less mildewed. Describes experiment of growing different varieties of wheat in his garden, undermined by rats gaining access to them. Has observed a field of mustard on one of his farms, farmer states that it is good food for sheep and partridges.
+Comments on the importance of John Warne’s flax growing scheme and growth of a large quantity of flax on a single acre at Thaxted. Also comments favourably on Warne’s theory of feeding oxen in boxes.
+Fears he will have few guests for the Saffron Walden Agricultural Society annual meeting but pleased that JSH will be in attendance along with Edward Everett, the American Ambassador. JSH to advocate cooperative agricultural experiments at the meeting.
+I was very much interested by the accounts which you were so good as to send me of the opening of the Ringham tumulus & I should like to see the articles brought to light in the event of their being sent to London. I have thought how truly poor Ripewode would have enjoyed the Crosse in his native county, had his valuable life been longer spared.
+You have however done ample justice to the subject, & described every thing so minutely that the most cogent antiquary ought to feel satisfied
+The exact position of all these remains being now fully ascertained, I hope in future no explorers will think it necessary to disturb the cone of a barrow which spoils the appearance & reduces it to the form of an extinct Crater, without any advantage being gained
+I have not met with the Cuscuta here, but I recollect many years ago observing patches that had the appearance of having been scorched in some Berkshire Clover fields & I think it might be caused by that plant. Now however it is the fashion to attribute its introduction to the new Tariffe
+The Wheat is less good than last year but was not mildewed— in 1842 my crop on 75 acres averaged 5 quarters 1 bushel which would not have been credited some time ago— I sowed last Autumn a good many sorts of Wheats in my garden, the most promising of which was raised from one ear produced from seed found in a Mummy Case. This corn ripened one week sooner than all the others, & seems to be a variety of Wheat we call Talavera but with longer ears. The comparative produce was not ascertained, because the net which kept out the birds formed a ladder for rats & they revelled on the tops & ate the ears downwards— pushing the net one foot from the bottom, defeated the Enemy, but sufficient snicking was done to defeat the experiment also— I shall go to work next year in the field, which is after all the best criterion.
+M r Warne’s flax growing scheme is of great importance & worthy of consideration, but I know nothing of it practically, nor could I find any one here who could direct me how to trial it when grown. I hear a Man of Thaxted has succeeded in raising a large quantity on a single acre, & I fancy I have land more suitable to the purpose than the Clays south of Walden. M r Warne has also a theory of feeding oxen in boxes, which I am disposed to listen to, having been concerned that Cattle when turned out trample down & contaminate much more grass than they consume; besides the torment which they endure from flies like Io in Prometheus vinctus, which must be tantamount to a Jockey’s working off his superfluous weight when preparing for a great race.
I fear I shall have but few guests because every body has now a Let agree: Meeting of his own, & those who have seen these festivities once plead the course of having served, like Members of an Election Committee. M r Everett is however coming & I am delighted to hear that we are to benefit by your presence & that you will advocate the plan of cooperative Experiments.
I observed on Saturday a field of Mustard on one of my farms which I mistook for Charlock, but the Keeper said it is counted excellent food for Cattle Sheep, & that partridges always are found in it, & certainly we saw 3 Cases of those (this season comparatively rarae aves) near the spot.
Believe me | My dear Sir | Yrs sincerely| Braybrooke
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+Direct the Parcel to me at Freckenham, to be left at the Waggon and Horses, Newmarket, to the Care of Mr. Wiseman.
+It will give me great Pleasure to undertake the Analyses of Lord Braybrook’s Chalk Specimens, and I have little Doubt but I shall succeed in finding out the Cause of the different Effects which the two Limes produce on Soil, apparently, of the same Quality. I should say, a priori, that one Lime is more caustic than the other, and that this Property of Causticity varies inversely in Proportion to the Quantity of the Oxide of Iron and Alumina which each Lime contains in its Composition. But actual Expt must decide the Question and not Conjecture– Be so obliging as to tell our learned Friend Prof r Sedgwick that I have succeeded in detecting muriate of Lime, muriate of Mag n, & muriate of Soda in the red Magnesium Specimen which he gave me to examine.
I am dear Sir | yours truly | J. Holme
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+I did not get your letter of the 4 th Nov. till my return to Town last week— Hence the delay in answering it— By all means write to Brice (making any use you please of my brother’s name) & let me know so that I may help all I can— Can I do anything with Pepys? (M. r of Rolls & Chief Cur. r of the G. t Seal) Don’t have any scruple if you think I can be of any use— Pepys is under obligations to me & I have no doubt will help if he can— at least if he does not he will be very ungrateful— so set about the matter in your own way & let me know when & how I can assist you—
I have been moving about ever since the 9 of Aug. t in Germany & Italy— for the purpose of restoring my wife’s health— w ch had suffered much after in consequence of her confinement & I think change of air & travelling has been of great service to her—
Touching the Bahama’s— I certainly never forwarded any papers to you— I hate paying postage too much myself, ever to inflict it voluntarily upon another— So the W.B. is not mine—
+Pray send the enclosed to Jesus — & if M r Fendal is Rev. d make him so upon the letter— It is about my composition in lieu of college & university payt s
+
Ever y | W.B.
+[P.S.] I am sorry to hear the miniature cannot be touched. You can bring it up the first time you come to Town.—
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+Unable to visit JSH as has been ordered to Hastings for health reasons related to ‘nerves’, brought on by stresses including his mother’s death and poor physical health.
+Few things w. d give me more delight than to pay you a visit—lectures included— & I know & feel, that if I had not been ordered to Hastings, it w.d have done me more good than any thing else, to have been home idle with you & Calvert for a few weeks— The truth is that I have had a good deal to wrong me of late— & what with my mothers death & various other anxieties, I have had rather a climax of troubles within the last few months— I presume the partial paralysis of some of the nerves brought on last Jan. y 1839 either by a severe chill or by sleeping for some weeks in a house full of fresh paint & painters, has by degrees extended itself to other parts of the system, & that the increasing ill health I have felt lately, has been in great great measure sympathetic with the decayed nerves— All this has been made worse by worry— & therefore I anticipate considerable advantage from shaking the dust off my shoes against the door of this place & picking up shells at S. t Leonards.
I hope to get away on Thursday next or at all events on Friday-- & to be absent about 3 weeks—
+All this will prevent me going as I ought to do to Westmorland— & therefore I shall be obliged to take the 5 days holiday at Whitsuntide for that purpose— so that I see no prospect whatever of getting any further absence from my work during the remainder of the Summer— [rest of letter missing]
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+You must have thought me very unpunctual, or uncivil, or ungrateful for your kind communications: but I have to plead that I was occupied by a load of business before I left home, & that I was very unwell &, on account of inflammation in my eyes, unable to write by candlelight. Your last letter, enclosing that from M r Hughes, caught me as I was getting into my travelling carriage. I am very glad that we are to have the benefit of his cooperation; & I hope he will be named as one of our District Inspectors.
Your publications in the Bury Papers have done a great deal of good, and I know that they attract much attention. If we can once bring the Squires & Farmers to think and to test the value of their predudices, we shall do.
I have a rec. d a valuable paper from a Clergyman in Glostershire respecting Parish Clubs, parts of which I will try to send you for the information of the Club Section.
Believe me | My Dear Sir| Very truly yours | H F Bunbury
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+I have been very much obliged to you for the Hitcham Report of Allotment & Garden progress in the last year— It affords ample proof of the good you have, in spite of difficulties, brought into your Parish.
+This has been a bad year with me. I have been confined by illness more than three months; nor am I yet out of the Doctor’s hands.
+The long continuation of hot weather has produced seed vasscule on several plants on which they were never seen before. Catalpa (abundant), Pavia parviflora, Christ’s thorn, & one or two others. I will send you some specimens.
+Lady Bunbury, tho’ she charges me with kind remembrances to you, declares herself to be indignant at finding that you & D. r Hooker have been at Bury without visiting Barton!
Very truly your’s | H F Bunbury
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+I enclose you a printed paper containing some propositions of a general kind, which have been submitted by the Cambridge Univ y Comiss rs to the different Colleges that have sent them up proposals for revising their statutes, on which I should like much to hear your opinion, if you have time to consider them— The Commiss rs have not (as I dare say you are aware) the power under their Act of originating measures of reform or changes in the Colleges until next year: but finding that several of the Colleges (five in all) have sent them up schemes for the revision of their Statutes, & that many of the most important questions would arise in every case, they have come to an understanding among themselves as to these points of general principle & drawn them up in the form which I now send you for the consideration of the several Colleges. By this means they hope to have the opportunity of fighting the battle with those who are opposed to them once for all, instead of in every individual case: while they hope in some degree to elicit the general opinion of the University upon the proposed changes, several of which are undoubtedly of great magnitude & will probably give rise to much diversity of opinion. The Comm rs do not feel themselves at Liberty to publish them officially to the University at large, but they have of course no objection to their being known as widely as possible. And as I know that you take a strong interest in everything connected with the reform of the University, I send you these propositions.
From a correspondence I have had with Mr Potts in regard to a Memorial against celibacy of Fellows, I find that some of the suggestions, especially that for making all Fellowships limited in duration, or at least making the limited tenure the rule, & the permanence the exception, have been already a good deal mooted & canvassed, & will not take people as much by surprize as I was afraid would be the case. My own feeling is strongly in favour of this scheme; but perhaps it is one likely to find favour especially with ex. Fellows of Trinity, to whom, if laymen, the rule has always applied, & certainly in my opinion has worked well.
+Believe me | yrs vy truly | E H Bunbury
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+I have given a copy of your list of desiderata to my father, who can answer better than I can the question whether there are any duplicates of Conifers here.— I am sorry to hear that you have had such a sick house, but we can well match you in that respect. At the time I received your letter, I was first recovering from a very troublesome & disagreeable malady, rather an odd one too for my time of life, —the measles,— which attacked had kept me a close prisoner several weeks, & left me very weak; indeed I did not really recover till we came hither for change of air. And in this house, Lady Bunbury, Miss Napier & my father, have all been invalids, but I am happy to say that they are all doing well. I trust that Mrs Henslow & your other invalids are all completely recovered. I understand that the season has been a very sickly one, & certainly the weather at present is any thing but genial or promising. As soon as it shall become suitable for travelling, Mrs Bunbury & I meditate a journey to Torquay to spend there the season of the March winds.
Pray remember me to Mrs Henslow & the rest of your family. Mrs Bunbury unites with me in kind regards.
+Believe me | yours very truly | C.J.F Bunbury
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+Many thanks for your letter, but I am afraid we must conclude from it that we cannot expect hope for a lecture from you this winter, as I cannot undertake to deliver one at Ipswich. The truth is, lecturing is not at all my vocation, I find it a great exertion & a great fatigue, & I have therefore almost resolved not to attempt it except at Bury & Mildenhall, where I am as it were at home. Moreover, of the 3 days you name, it so happens that February 10 is the very day fixed for my own lecture at Bury, & on Jan 13 Mr Kingsley is engaged to deliver a lecture there, which I am particularly anxious to hear. But we should be extremely glad to see you here, lecture or no lecture, at any time this winter that you can come; & I hope that you may yet be able to manage it, although you do seem to be formidably beset with engagements. As for lectures, having so many to deliver, I should think you must be tolerably sick of them. But you have never been here since our visit to Madeira & Teneriffe, & I have many things that I want to show you.
I was much interested by an account, which you may probably have seen, in the Literary Gazette, of Prof. Smyth’s astronomical & philosophical operations on the Peak of Teneriffe. I know both the localities & the persons mentioned, which made it the more interesting to me.
+I do not know whether you may have heard of Lyell’s proceedings this autumn: he has been making a continental tour, visiting Berlin, Breslau, the Riesengebirge, Dresden, Prague, Vienna, the Austrian Alps, Salzburg, Munich, Strasbourg, & Paris; seeing at each place the principal geologists, & visiting under their guidance the chief geological localities;— a delightful tour! His letters have been full of most interesting & important & curious geological information, the pith of which will no doubt enrich the next editions of his Principles & Manual.
+Mrs Bunbury unites with me in kind remembrances to Miss Henslow as well as to yourself; &, with some faint hope of seeing you here this winter, I remain
+yours very sincerely, | C J F Bunbury
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+We send you by this day’s post the first Annual Report of of our Mechanics & Literary Institute, partly that you may see what we have been doing during the year & partly in the hope, that at some future time, (& I hope not a very distant time), you may be induced to give another lecture— You see I build much upon your kindness.— ill.del. I fear we shall not be able to attend your Horticultural in September, which we regret much, and I still more, as I still again be prevented making M rs Henslow’s acquaintance— We are going to Scotland on the 6 th Sep r I do not think we shall be here before the middle of October but I trust in the autumn or winter months we may induce you to visit us. We are at present much enlarging our Day school—
I heard from the Dean of Hereford two days ago; he continues to take a kind interest in our schools, & much assists us by his advice. He seems to be most actively useful in Hereford— The Lyells sail next Saturday for America, but I trust they will be home before Christmas— When we meditate a family reunion here, but the Henry Lyells will not be here—
+I hope if D r & M rs Hooker should be in Suffolk this autumn, we shall be able to induce them to visit us. M r Bunbury is very anxious to see Dr Hooker & to show him his collections. I hope your daughter Miss Louise Henslow who hurt her leg is quite well again
With our united kind regards
+believe me | yours very truly | F J Bunbury
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+I am afraid you will think me a very troublesome person, but as I know you approve of the exertions we are making here in the cause of Education, I feel more confidence in applying to you.— It is, if you will do us the favour to examine our schools, at a public examination we think of giving.
+It seems that some persons have been dissatisfied, at not being formally invited to the Examinations the Dean of Hereford gave us in the first week in June, but the Dean particularly requested the examination should be private, as he had thus more opportunity of doing business, & giving as he desired, a thorough examination to the schools & Pupil Teachers—
+This opinion has made some of the little people I hear very spiteful, and to do away with this impression of neglect, our schoolmaster thinks it would be wise to have a public examination of our school, to which we could invite the neighbouring inhabitants of the town; but it is all important to have some official examiner besides the master. Now your name and reputation would do us a great deal of good, and you would be able to show what our school is, and we should consider it a very great favour, if you would grant our request— September is the month that would suit us best, for an examination, but any time you could fix on, except during the harvest months, would suit us.
+I heard today from the Dean of Hereford, who is as unusual [illeg] active about schools.— M r Bunbury wrote to D r Hooker, about ten days ago, & I wrote to M rs Hooker 3 days ago, & as we have received no answer I fear we do not know their right direction— We directed the letter to the Royal Botanic Gardens. Kew.
With our united kind regards
+believe me | yours very sincerely| F J Bunbury
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+You will think me a very tiresome person asking you again to give us a lecture here, and I you must only refuse me without hesitation, if you feel you have too much to do, but if you could give us a lecture, it would oblige us very much. Any time this winter that would suit you, would suit us.
M r Bunbury says he is quite losing acquaintance with you, and he has many things to show you, many things to talk over with you as regards science. I do not think you have been at Mildenhall for 3 years. I hope when you do come M rs Henslow & one of your daughters will be able to accompany you. I write in the beginning of winter, in order that you may, in arranging your plans for the season not forget us.
With our united kind regards
+yours very truly | F J Bunbury
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+Chalk from Berks
+Constituent Parts
+Lime = 54 10/16
+Car: Acid = 42 8/16
+Alumina = 1 11/16
+Black Oxide of Iron = 0 9/16
+Water = 0 10/16
+= 100 Grs
+Chalk from Essex
+Lime = 53 13/16
+Car: Acid = 41 14/16
+Alumina = 2 13/16
+Black Oxide of Iron = 0 14/16
+Water = 0 10/16
+= 200 Grs
+Above, you have the Analyses of the Specimens which you sent me some time since. You will perceive that the Berks: Specimen yields more Lime than the Essex D o. contaminated with a Less Q y of Iron & Alumina, on this fact it is better adapted for the Purpose of Agriculture than the Lime of its associate. But the Essex Lime being Less in Q y united with more Iron & Alumina is better fitted for making Mortar. No Mag n is present in either Specimens and the Silica is less than any assignable Quantity.
Yours truly | J. Holme
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+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Many thanks for your parcel recd last evening including the Sketch w. h I have placed in the Artists Hands & shall hope to have in the Printers Press by Friday or Saturday as He is waiting for it—
Your Zamia Cone throws much light on my Drawing of a Cone from the Portland Bed— & is much nearer to the fossil than any of the fir Cones— I now understand fully your reasoning upon this subject.
+M rs Buckland desires who to return her best Thanks for M r Jenyns monograph on the Cryllas & Pisidium & your Election Papers of evil omen to all Pluralists—
I think your notices on the temperature of springs near Weymouth—shd be recorded in a note, as they may be of use— When you take the temperature of Water from a Pump do you first pump off as much as may have filled the Pipe & been affected by the air surrounding it?
+With respect to the wood encircled with the Cylinder of flint do you think it certain that the said cylinder bearing marks of no organic structure may not possibly be of the same nature, (simply mineral) with the Concretions of flint & chert that we find of the same cylindrical form around alcyonic Bodies in the Chalk or Green Sand formations assuming the form of the inclosed organic Body to a distance of some 2 3 or 4 inches beyond its actual surface? On your Theory as you apply it to the Case of yr stumps in the Dirt Bed it seems to me we ought to have the Heart of those Trees also incased with cylinders of Chert bearing no organic Structure or but little of it— but I am not aware of any Case in w h such a Crust or Case of Chert has been found around in the Dirt Bed Trees, & unless you have one example that has occurred to you— I w d hardly venture to print what you state on this subject in your former letter— Pray inform me immediately if you have any Case such as this— & it will be in time for the Press— if you have found no such Crust, we must I think not rest content to believe in the Decay of all but the Heart of the Trees before they were buried under the Burr—
I will return your Chalbury Hill Specimen & Zamia Cone in a Box which I hope to send to Professor Miller the End of this Week or Beginning of the Next
+M rs B is much better & unites in kind regards to M rs Henslow
With kind regards | Very Truly | W m Buckland
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+I return to you this copy of the Sheets w. h Daubeny sent to me yesterday having corrected my own— chiefly that at Page 104 where my Quotation was not correctly given— I also return you your Tooth or Tusk from Buenos Ayres for I hardly know what name to call it whether it be incisor or one of the Rodontia or a Tusk of some small Animal among the Pachydermata— Pentland is of opinion that it is an Incisor be it what it may I have mended it for you & return it honestly, & wish the other thin Molars which were fallen into many Pieces were also set to rights— I suppose you are almost left alone at Cambridge— I am still here but meaning to run to the sea in Herts or the I of Wight the Beginning of Sept— I see Lord Althorpe has put off the English Church Bill till the next Meeting of Parlt in the Mean time shd Potton fall you will oblige me by the most early intelligence & still more oblige M rs Buckland who is much more anxious than I am to get away from Oxford from the damp Air of which she suffers so much— Pray present my best regards to M rs Henslow
& believe me | very sincerely yours | W m Buckland
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+I am gratified by your adhesion to my anticoprolitic Theory and your Pseudo Coprolites must be mortified by their Rejection from the Honor of Genuine dignity and [illeg] to which your fair hand promoted them
+I can hardly venture to indicate without some Experiments how the imposters acquired their Phosphorus— I suspect it was from keeping bad Company at the Bottom of the Crag=producing Seas— I can hardly impute to the dulse the Honor of affording the requisite supplies
+I now suggest as an Experiment— to make some Balls of Roman Cement & Balls of Rounded Septaria from London Clay & lay them in fluid & pulpy Coprolite matter obtained from recent fishes for a few weeks to see if such Balls will absorb Phosphorus
+I do not expect to be in London next Friday, should I be so, I will enquire for you at the G.S. Sedgwick has been at the [illeg] Bishop of Yorks since Oxford & Williams The Dean of Ely & London strangers to me in Oxford
+Believe me | Yours Very Truly| W m Buckland
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+You will I fear have thought me negligent in omitting to reply instanter to your kind invitation to Hitcham before or after the proposed Ipswich Meeting on the 25 Nov. But having heard I am expected Change of Day the Notification of which I hoped to receive by every Post & am not until this Hour relieved from my Uncertainty.
+& together with my best apologies for delay write to tender my thanks for your proffered Hospitalities which had time permitted I shd most joyfully have accepted and am
+Your much obliged | and faithful | W m Buckland
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+I am so little in Town that I have had no opportunity of paying my respects to you since I have become devoted to Botany– When last in London I called but could not find you at home– Should you have it in your power to assist me in establishing our Museum, I shall feel very grateful for your aid–
+Believe me | Y rs very truly | J S Henslow
+ One printed pamphlet 3 pp
Botanical Museum and Library.
+Cambridge, March 25, 1828
+ +Available under license only
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+You must pay the postage for the information. I have brought you a very miserable specimen of Viola lutea – another of Juniperus communis and a tolerably good one of Dianthus caryophyllus and one or two others. N.B. I have added about 30 species to my own collection. By the date of this you will see that I am not so good a calculator of events as yourself.
+Compliments and etc. and believe me | Yours very truly | Saturday | Jan 7th 1823 | J.S. Henslow
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+The time is now drawing near when I must leave the S. W. of England for the colder shores of Scotland– and though I can do so without risk, yet I regret to say any chance of severe weather affects me in such a way as to make me not unconscious about the events of next winter. We leave Sidmouth on the 24 th and after spending about one week at Mr Northmores (Cleve Exeter) proceed northwards. My brother in law Sir A. Eden from the state of his new house can only see us at a particular time, and we must consequently regulate our motions to suit the convenience, to a certain extent, of the friends we have promised to visit on our way– Two plans of mine are thus given up, perhaps, for prudence’ sake it is as well they should be; – an excursion to Cornwall and a visit to London (the latter would have taken in Cambridge). In all this however I am disappointed, but it cannot be helped.
The climate of Edinburgh is so trying to persons with at all delicate lungs, in the winter and spring, that we have come to the resolution of leaving it either this autumn or sometime next year, and you may easily conceive how uncomfortable we felt at the present moment in not being able to arrange anything about a matter of such importance to us. If the climate of Liverpool should prove sufficiently mild it strikes me as the best place for my pursuits between Edinburgh and London. It has a Bot. Garden – a Lyceum of literature and science – a sea port for my foreign communications – a population which I sh. d think would support an annual course of lectures – and a centrical situation. I shall reconnoitre as I go north.
It is I think since I last wrote to you that I have got a very large parcel of Jamaican ferns– If you have duplicates of your Monte Video collection to spare, I will take care to send you good exchanges– I have also got a parcel of Brazilian specimens from D r. Martius but no duplicates. and a parcel of New Holland Algæ, of several of which there are good duplicates & some new species, which I shall figure in my Collectanea Cryptogamica if I ever set it on going. I have got on with my Algae Britannicae pretty well and have taken notice of the whole of Mrs Griffiths’ collection. It is provoking to see some rare species just beginning to grow as I leave the place. I have laid in a great stock of many & shall render the collection I sent you more perfect.
Have you heard anything about the destination of Sir J. E. Smith's collection? He kept the Linnean one separate from his own – where does the former go?
+Pray do not forget your intention of asking your brother to look after the ferns at Monte Video– If he has an opportunity of collecting marine algæ nothing is easier to preserve them– give them a squeeze with the hand & spread them widely between two boards without a weight and without paper –
Of the specimens preserved in this way in New Holland – I have not failed once in restoring them. I sh d. think even gelatinous ones might be preserved in the same way, by sprinkling them well over with dry sand in order to keep the branches from being agglutinated.
Remember us very kindly to Mrs Henslow
+& Believe me my dear Sir | very faithfully yours
+R K Greville
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+I have been sadly negligent of your kind & valued correspondence & my conscience often reproaches for me. I have been for the last fortnight more immediately on the point of writing to you & I was almost ashamed to receive your letter without having put my intentions in execution. I particularly wished to mention to you a most indefatigable Naturalist at this time at Madeira, M r Lowe. But you know him and must therefore be as well capable of judging as myself how desirable it would be, for the course of science, that he should remain longer there. His doing so however will depend on the extension of his travelling Bachelorship & he says “my friend Henslow is trying to have this accomplished.” May I hope that such will be the case For then I am sure he will collect ample materials from Flora & Fauna of Madeira. He has already sent ample [illeg. del.] collections of plants to me & he will yet find many more if he does the same with other branches of Nat. History he will have spent his time to very great advantage.
I have just sent the last sheet to press for the 1 st No. of my Mis coll. Britannica in which I have mentioned Mr Lowe’s being thus employed. Do I do right in saying that he is abroad on a Travelling Bachelorship & is this a University Fellowship or Bachelorship or is it from any particular College? It is not too late to alter the emphasis: or perhaps I ought not to mention under what circumstances he travels at all. He will visit Teneriffe, too, if he has time & there would be a glorious field for him.
Thank you for your kind enquiries relative to my young friends. They will certainly go to Cambridge: but as they are still young they will pass a year with a clergyman in Gloucestershire (a Mr Hall) previously to entering. And he I suppose being a Cambridge man will arrange all future matters.
+I began one of my Classes, a popular Course yesterday, & my College Course commences on the 6 th. This is almost too much in conjunction with what I have to do for Bot. Magazine, Bot. Miscellany, our Icones Filicines, a Flora of British N. America & other duties & employments. I wish you would come to Glasgow & help me to look out for you & to name some plants from my duplicate specimens. It would then be a very easy operation; & I could thus assist your Museum.
I have had much pleasure in seeing Wilson of Warrington here last year. He is intelligent, understanding & will make a very good Botanist. I have inserted in the 1 st N o. of my Miscellany his list of rare plants of the Breadalbane M s. I have also noticed your discovery of the Althaea hirsuta.
Yours ever, my dear Sir | most faithfully | W. J. Hooker.–
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+I will endeavor to find you in the Counts at Westminster on one of the days you mention and will send for the diagram to Queen's Square 3 the Carriere. The sketches you sent me are in the hands of M.r Cole of the dep.t of Practical Arts Marlboro' House who has engaged to get one of these as a trial reproduced of 3 block printing in colours. I have only a small grant for trying the experiment of diagrams of which the results are to be made public to encourage publishers to undertake them. I have no reason to suppose the C.C will print them on any large scale.
Yours my dear friend truly | Henry Moseley
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+If you will come down here on Wednesday or Thursday and take a family dinner and a bed we can talk of the diagrams under more bearable circumstances, than at Guildhall
+Trains go from Waterloo station to Wandsworth at ¼ before after every hour except that instead of 4h 15 it is 4h 5'. We dine at 6
Yours sincerely | Henry Moseley
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+I regret much that I cannot have the pleasure of seeing you here. I shall feel obliged if you will send the diagram <x> you have been good enough to make ammended to me at the Council Office Whitehall I trust that something will yet be done in the matter of diagrams for elementary teaching on a scale commensurate with their usefulness as a means of instruction. Allow me again to thank you for the valuable aid you have given to that end
+Yours my dear Sir | faithfully | Henry Moseley
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+Dear Sir
+I expect to be at Cambridge on the 18th and 19.th Oct. If you should not happen to be in Cambridge and would direct your Servant to let me see the diagrams I should feel obliged.
I will not fail to avail myself of an early opportunity of visiting your school and studying the plants have adopted in teaching something of Botany to the children. Their knowledge of the things about them has always seemed to me the right kind of knowledge for poor children to have. And the getting of it, the right kind of education for them. It will be a great pleasure to me to converse with you on these subjects and I regret much that I cannot accept your kind invitation to be present at the village festivities of which you have enclosed me so tempting a programme
+Yours dear Sir | truly Henry Moseley
+Accept my best thanks for your kind attendance to my letter. May I ask for a copy of the printed list of wild flowers of which you speak?
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+Having learned from Loudon's Magazine of Natural History that the Herbarium at Cambridge has suffered some loss, and that you are desirous of repairing it, I beg leave to say that I shall have great pleasure in sending you any plants which grow in the neighbourhood of this place. A list of rare ones I subjoin.; you can mark off those which you wish to have, or I will send you the whole if you had rather; those which are marked thus I can send immediately, or keep till the end of the year & then send them as you please.
+I am Sir | Your obd t Servant | John Ewbank Leefe.
+ Enclosure plant list: [Marked by JSH?]
+
+
+
+
+
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+Having been instructed by the Committee of Council on Education to report to their Lordships on the best means of providing/promoting the cause of popular education by grants for apparatus diagrams &c for to elementary schools and being informed that you have been accustomed to use for this purpose and in your lectures at Cambridge botanical diagrams of a superior kind I have thought that you would be obliging enough to allow me on the occasion of a visit which I propose to make next month to Cambridge to see some of these diagrams. It is proposed to have coloured diagrams of some of the characteristic forms of vegetation printed by means of blocks (like paper hangings) for the use of schools. I shall be very thankful for any suggestions you may be good enough to make for my guidance in respect to these botanical diagrams and with many apologies for their instrusion on your leisure
+I am Rev. Sir | your faithl Ser.t | Henry Moseley
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+After having anxiously waited for the arrival of the different shares from the Itinerary Union, I received them at last in the course of yesterday by the Steamboat from Hambro’, and I now beg leave to transmit a single share, for which you subscribed and paid the money last year, to which I have now to make the additional charge of 2L., defrayed by me for its conveyance from Esslingen to Hambro, from thence to London and for expence at the Custom house.
+After you have looked over the dried Specimens of plants, you will be best able to judge, whether the undertaking will merit your future support, in which case I beg for your early information that I may take the first opportunity of announcing your subscription for 1828.
+On the other half of this sheet you will find some notice of which I received a german copy from Dr. Steudel, detailing the plans, which the institution proposes to pursue for the present year, in order to promote the interest of its subscribers.
+Trusting, your first subscription will afford you a satisfactory result, I am
+Sir | Your obd t Servant | J. Hunneman
+ Enclosure: Translation from the German of ‘Preliminary Notice’ (transcribed in full below) Esslingen in Wurtenberg Dec. r 20 1827
Preliminary Notice
+To the members of the travelling Union for promoting natural history and an invitation to Botanists as well as Mineralogists for contributing their Subscriptions for 1828.
+About the middle of this month the copious & valuable collection of objects of natural history, particularly in reference to Botany, made by Mr Fleischer, during his travels in the Levant and – chiefly in the surrounding country of Smyrna, from whence he is now returned, has arrived not only, but also the first part of a similar collection, made during last Summer in the Island of Sardinia by Mr. Muller, an other of the travelers,
+Besides a great variety of Seeds and other objects of natural history, there are now lying ready for distribution to the Subscribers for 1827 about 40,000 Specimens of plants from these countries, hitherto but little frequented by naturalists. But the Union consisting at present of 116. members, by where 145. shares have been subscribed for, the arrangement of the shares will require so much time, as to prevent the distribution from taking place till the month of March 1828. However we may venture to anticipate, that every member will feel fully satisfied with the result of this year’s travels; for from 2-300 perfect and well-dried specimens of plants from those distant countries, and for such of the members, as have subscribed for other objects, a corresponding variety of insects, seeds, &c. is, for a single share of 15 florins, (30s.) certainly a very acceptable dividend.
+In soliciting all the members of the Union, to send in their subscriptions as soon as the earliest opportunity will admit, in order to give full scope to the further enterprises of the Union, we beg leave to present here a more detailed account of the plans intended to be pursued for 1828. viz.
+1, Mr Muller who remains in Sardinia, will continue making collections there, and indeed with more success, since he has become more intimately acquainted with the nature of the country.
+2, Some friends of the Union collect for its members the Flora of the Southern point of Africa at the Cape. A portion of which collection, intended for the year 1828. consisting in from 6000 to 7000 Specimens, is already in our possession, and such members therefore, as send in their subscriptions sufficiently early, may, if they wish it, receive a dividend of Cape-Specimens for 1828. to be added to their share for 1827.
+3, Two travelers, both students of Pharmacy, will be sent to Norway and are to depart in April next. One of them has been preparing himself for some years for a journey in pursuit of objects of natural history in that country, he is likewise well acquainted with the northern Flora and an expert Muscologist; the other , being an experienced Mineralogist, will direct his chief attention to collecting Norwegian fossils, but he is at the same time no stranger to Botany and well acquainted with Lichens and Algae, for which reasons this journey is likely to promise a rich harvest of that tribe of plants.
+Thus we may presume that this undertaking, which is to be extended into Lapland, will prove no less interesting than those in the South, since Norway has not, upon the whole, been much frequented for similar purposes. We therefore invite for the year 1828 all friends to Botany, and also every mineralogist, who may be desirous of obtaining in a safe manner and at a moderate premium, the singular fossils of Norway, a country so remarkable in a geognostic and orgetognostic point of view. The amount of a single subscription is 15. florins (30s. Sterl.) Mineralogists inclined to become Subscribers, are requested, when they remit their subscription (Postage paid) to mention the average form or size, of which they wish their Specimens to be, and to state which specimens they would wish to receive in preference to others. The friends of Botany, who desire to become subscribers for the year 1828. are in the same manner requested to express at the time of sending in the amount of their subscriptions, whether they prefer receiving phaenomagous or cryptogamous Specimens, or Cape specimens only, or Sardinian or Norwegian Specimens, or indiscriminately Specimens from all the different countries, or lastly, whether they prefer Specimens of some natural families in particular. The subscriptions are to be remitted either to the central Institute of the oeconomical Society at Stuttgard, or to one or the other of the undersigned, but allways postage paid. For receiving their respective shares, the Subscribers have to pay nothing further, except the charges incurred for transmitting them from here to their places of residence, and it is left to their own option, to point out the most safe and least expensive channel, by which they are to be transmitted.
+(Signed) | Professor Hochstetter | D r Steudel
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+It is with pleasure I perceived a notice in Loudons new magazine, on the rising state of Botany at Cambridge, under your auspices. This charming science, at one time my only study, again claims a part of my time. Having at the place I have now fixed myself, a large good garden, I am forming as large a collection of Hardy and Green House plants as the kindness of friends, & the power of exchanging, will enable me to do. My collection only began last autumn, is but in its infancy. I cannot therefore say what I possess, much less commence a catalogue.
But as you appear to be anxious to form a general Herbarium, I have the power of materially assisting you on this point. The duplicates of my Mediterranean & S o American Plants are still numerous, and I shall be most happy to exchange a selection with you, for such roots or cuttings of living plants which you can spare, and which I am deficient in. As a family of particular interest to me, the Irideae of Bracvic claim my first attention, and I am procuring from all quarters every species I can. I find it necessary to ask for every species from my friends, even the most common, for I have received plants totally different under the same name to vice versa
I shall be glad to hear if this proposition meets your wishes
+Yours, my dear sir | very faithfully | W. Swainson
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+I will examine the carex before long, and let you know my opinion. I am sure the Ipswich Mus. will be very glad of the Eggs, and so will their President of the useful stow-boxes! If the whole cargo is enclosed in a packing case and forwarded by rail, addressed to me Museum Ipswich, you need not think of paying the carriage. It will arrive very readily as I know by 2 chests similarly started last week from Bristol. I shall be very glad to have you here, and we will visit the Museum together. I was there on Tuesday with Dr. Sinclair (a friend of Hooker's) who staid with us 3 or 4 days. He has been 13 years in New Zealand – fond of collecting and giving away his collected specimens. He gave me last autumn the skin of an Apteryx and some other things of interest. The Crania you name will be well taken care of. There is no fault to be found in this respect. Every thing is well kept and clean. You should state on the labels that these are the authentic specimens described by you. It will make them more interesting and valuable. I don't recollect about Ray's catalogue. But when I go to Cambridge I will search. I have made a mem. of this in my pocket book. Harriet left us yesterday for Cambridge, and Fanny goes tomorrow, returning in July. We are pretty well – the exceptions being that I and Louise have had coughs for 2 months and Anne has a swelling on her wrist which requires bandaging.
I Hope Mrs. L. J. is as well as her delicate health admits. My kind regards to her–
+Ever affy yrs | J S Henslow
+I am in mourning for Uncle Ed. Henslow who died at Northfleet 2 or 3 weeks ago.
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+It is now I find a long time since I received your letter (of the 25. April) but I have been moving about so much that my correspondence at home & abroad is in a sad condition.– My two portfolios containing unanswered british & foreign letters are “big-bellied” and I must be relieved of twins or triplets for many days before I can be out of my pain.
+In regard to [ill.del.] Mougeot. be so good as to send me a copy of your transactions and if there is any balance in my favor let it lie till I send you more of Mougeot. The transactions may be sent with the packet of plants you have been good enough to lay by for me, to the care of Messirs Baldwin Craddock & Jay Pater Noster Row London – to be sent in their Scotch Bookseller’s parcel.
+I am happy to say my health is much better. I can even walk for 2-3 hours without fatigue. I am obliged however to be very careful & consequently to lose a great deal of time – at least so I think. Botany flourishes all over the world. I have just got a letter from an old acquaintance – a botanist who is elected Professor of Nat. Hist y in the University of Quito! Graham’s class here is larger than ever was known. The same of Glasgow. I suppose there will be a Garden in King’s College London (!!!) because the other one there has none so much the better. I may have another chance for Glasgow (every one thinks of himself in these glorious times of opposition).
At this moment I am busy in getting up the last 3 nos. of my A. Flora & writing the synopsis which I began in Devonshire. My booksellers here have finally undertaken my British Algae. I wish Algologia had been legitimate. I can find no word so good.
I have just got a few more Algae from New Holland of which I shall send you duplicates. Alman has previously disappointed me who promised to do wonders there– He had a ream of paper &c from me – & he now comes back and says he was on the wrong side of the island for good plants– only think– the wrong side of New Holland! I expect some good things from the provinces of Esmeraldas S. America as I hear two parcels are already sent off. It is a country that has hardly been examined. I have a man procuring largely in Dominica – but I have been unlucky lately – one man gets married – another fights a duel & a third gets on the wrong side of the country & a fourth gets yellow fever.
+We beg our united kind regards to Mrs Henslow & I beg you to believe me
+My dear friend | very faithfully yours | R. K. Greville
+P.S. I have had a magnificent present made me lately – a papier rubric copy of the esoteric “voyage” by Humboldt. It is on its way from Paris. It will serve me to bind it.
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++ I will take the M. S. to Hitcham on Friday & let you know what I think as soon as I can look it over which will probably be on Tuesday, as I know that Saturday & Monday will be too fully occupied to not allow me to do so before–
+Yrs very truly | J S Henslow
+P.S. Lady Afflick asks when I return, yr Messenger– We leave on Friday morning, unless I am called away on Thursday which however I hardly expect–
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+I have had a loverly and instructive day.
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+I ought to have acknowledged your last communication long before this – but you must not imagine I undervalued it – your parcel contained indeed an ample supply of many rare plants and occasioned sundry uncivil ejections of less perfect specimens– Accept now my best thanks for the whole & also for your letter of the 18 th July. I am truly glad to find you proceeding in so spirited a manner. The naming of the species in the garden would require some courage but like a plunge with a cold bath is best done without much previous contemplation.
Since I returned from Devonshire I have had much to do – being wofully in arrears with my correspondence– I am now going to relax for 6 weeks – & then you may expect some of my Algae– by the way – my book is at a standstill, waiting for Agardh’s last vol. of his Sp. Algarum. The French too have just been at least doubling my labor – by cutting up Agardh & publishing a system of their own. M. Gaillon has written pretty largely on the Thalassophytes in the last vol. of the Dict. des Sciences Naturelles– I must now concoct a system for myself before I can put pen to paper & I like not the mare magnum that they have placed before me– Do you know that Hooker has got the 2 remaining vols. of Smith to finish? I confess I should have liked very well to have done them myself.– & more,– I think Hooker has too much in hand to get through with justice to his subjects.
Mougeot’s work costs me 15s/ per vol. that is exclusive of carriage & duty which you paid for the 4 vols you have. I therefore owe you 2s/–
My Fl. Crypt. was interrupted on account of my absence I found I could not go on with 500 miles between me & the engravers &c– the last nos. are all in the colourer’s hands & about finished– a supplementary no. will contain the synopsis & index which occupy nearly 100 pages & is just coming from the printer. All this I have had to do since I came. As it is sometimes allowable to put a part for the whole, I am inclined to call my next book Fucologica Britannica or a description of the Algae of Great Britain & Ireland &c &c – systematically arranged & described – &c
I hope your family is well. Mrs G. desires to be kindly remembered to you & Mrs Henslow.
+Believe me |my dear Sir |yours very faithfully | R.K.Greville
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+This note will be handed to you by the Attorney General, who visits Cambridge with a view to offering himself as a candidate for the representation of the University
+I feel much interested for his success, and hope that you will not be less likely to meet either your support from being introduced to you by
+yours truly
+Edward Jacob
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+allow me to request that you will accepting best thanks for your very kind & obliging firm communication of today & for the vote which you are so good as to give me - I will certainly take it as a great favour if you would have the goodness also to use on my behalf your influence among your friends
+My dear sir
+Yours very faithfully
+Palmerston
+The Professor Henslow
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+Understanding that other Candidates for the representation of the University are now actively engaged in soliciting the Votes of the Members of the Senate, I trust that I shall be pardoned for this early applying to you for your Vote and Interest at the ensuing Election.
+The principles upon which I venture to solicit your support, are those upon which I have uniformly acted during the seventeen years I have been in Parliament, during that period it has ever been my constant endeavour to maintain the established Institutions of the Country, to advance the cause of Religion and Learning, and to uphold, as essential to both, the interests of the University and of the established Church.
+Should I be so fortunate as to obtain your support, I can confidently assure you, that you will neither find me ungrateful for the obligation conferred upon me, nor unmindful of the principles to which I shall feel that I have been endebted for your favor.
+I have the honour to be
+Sir,
+Your most obedthumble servt
+
Henry Goulburn
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+Though on principle I do not much approve of giving unqualified promises, where it is so uncertain who may come forward; yet, as I have quite made up my mind about voting for Lord P. even, if it might be necessary, in preference to any of the other now existing candidates, and as there is so very slight a chance of any two persons stepping forward, whose claims can in my opinion outweigh those of a present member, who now represents us, & that too in a manner generally satisfactory; I will certainly accede to your request and allow myself to be considered as an humble supporter of his lordship. I have had a note from Copley, but did not send him an answer as I had not made up my mind either way.
+Parvis componere magna, I found out the advantage of getting decisive answers in these matters, when I canvassed the Fens or rather I should say disavantage of not getting distinct promises - who are the two favourites at Cambridge? I want you to answer me a question as a chemist - Do you recollect my sending a recipe to Worsley to make a particular sort of ink - I find it fails woefully & that tho' the iron rust (2oz) has been immersed in vinegar (1/2 pint) three weeks that it does not tincture the vinegar at all - Mr Hunt who gave me some, made his by exposing vinegar in a rusty pan - Query - whether mine failed for want of being exposed to the air or can you devise any way of dissolving the rust, so as to get a tincture of that colour to use as ink? I tried boiling it, and as it is hot it succeeds a illeg, but the rust all separates at the bottom when cool. I am glad to hear Fanny thrives give her my love likewise to Harriet May and all the Goths.
yours truly
+L. Jenyns
+If I can secure Lord P. any votes I will let you know -
+The Rev_d Professor Henslow
+Gothic Cottage
+Cambridge
+Pencil drawing
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+My Dear Henslow
+It has hitherto been my usual destiny whenever I have tendered a vote in the Senate House (witness my vote for Jephson) to do so in express contradiction of my wishes. I have therefore wisely determined in the present instance to bottle up my extensive patronage till the day of contest, I promise therefore only this, that if my pupil remains with me I will not stir one step from home to the detriment of any one of the 25 candidates likely to come forward. I do not however see why I should conceal from you my opinion viz that I have always considered Lord Palmerston to have so strong a claim upon the University, that it will be in great danger of forfeiting its own respectability in rejecting him.
+You may tell Mrs Henslow that I have been induced to put up curtains in my drawing room not in consequence of any kindly emotions within the house but as a defence against the cold wintry winds that rage without. During the last month I have daily intending to write a letter to [Illeg] & send a packing case to [Illeg] but I have yet done neither
yours sincerely
+Fred Calvert
+The Revd Professor Henslow
+Gothic Cottage Regent Street
+Cambridge
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Sir
+an active canvass for the Representation of the University of Cambridge in the next Parliament having already been commenced, I hope it will not be thought premature in me, if this early solicitation renewal of that confidence with which I have so long been honoured.
+In performing those Duties in Parliament which the choice of the university devolved upon me,it has been my ernest endeavour faithfully to guard the Interests of my constituents, and steadily and honestly to persue upon all occasions that course, which appeared to me best calculated to promote the welfare of the Empire and to maintain and strengthen our Constitution in church and state
+I trust that I am not too sanguine when I indulge a Hope that I may again the distinguished Honour of representing the University in Parliament; and I beg most ernestly to solicit the Favour of your vote and Interest.
+I have the honour to be
+Sir
+your very obedient
+Humble Servant
+Palmerston
+London December Sixteen 1825
+The Revernd
+The Professor Henslow
+Cambridge
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have thought so little about the next election that I hardly know what candidates are likely to stand. But as at present advised, I intend to bisect my vote and give one moity to Sir J. Copley & the other to Palmerstone. I am so unprincipled a fellow, that instead of seriously refecting upon the political merits of the different candidates & determining my choice by the re-sult, I candidly acknowledge that I vote for Copley because he is one of the most able & best tempered lawyers in the profession. Ld P. I shall support chiefly because he is a Johnian. So that you see the base motive of Esprit du Corps is the strongly operative one with me in both instances. If you yourself stand, I'll vote for you --I was glad (for your sake,not mine) to hear that your own election to the vacant Professorship was sufficiently certain to render my services on that occasion unnecessary-
yrs affecty
+
Edward Smirke
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+The friends of Lord Palmerston think it advisable to form a committee for the purpose of co-operating with his Lordship in his present canvass; & and it will be highly gratifying to them if you will give them your valuable assistance.
+They propose to meet tomorrow at twelve o'clock in the room immediately under Mr. Elliot Smiths Auction Room.
Believe me
+My dear Sir
+Most truly Yours
+J.Wood
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Having within the last few days received several letters containing inquiries respecting my opinions upon the subject of the Catholic claims, permit me to state shortly but explicitly that I am, and always have been, decidedly adverse to those claims, and should I be so fortunate as to attain the distinguished honor which I am now soliciting, I shall feel it my duty, as a representative of the University of Cambridge, to oppose them, in my place in Parliament, to the utmost of my ability and power.
+Suffer me to add in reference to reports which have been actively circulated in the University, that there is not the least prospect of my being prevented by any change of situation, from redeeming the pledge which I have given to my friends, of submitting myself to the judgement of the members of the Senate of the day of the election, the result of which appeal, from the many kind and flattering assurances of support that I have received, I may venture to anticipate with confidence and pride.
+I Have the honor to be
+Sir, with great respect
+your faithful servant
+J.S.Copley.
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Discusses package of seaweed specimens sent by JSH but has not had time to examine them properly, as he is examining cryptogamic specimens from Madeira for Thomas Lowe. Mentions travel plans, including stay in Cambridge.
+Discusses his forthcoming curacy at Wisbech and hopes to help JSH and Leonard Jenyns with Cambridgeshire flora and fauna. Has 3 bat specimens for Jenyns. Encloses specimens of Potentilla and Chenopodium hybridum.
I received a packet of Sea weeds from you a long time ago: I have not however yet had time to Examine them, being busily engaged with y e Madeira Cryptogamic vegetables for Lowe: as soon however as I can I will return them. I see there are some admirable things amongst them particularly Fucus Gigantinus. The Branch with y e roots to it belonged to Prunus lauro-cerasus. I got a bough of Tilia parvifolia for you which shall go to you whenever I can get it franked. Lowe was with me for a few days, which we enjoyed greatly. He is now I believe in London with my Mother: I shall feel highly obliged to you, if you will send y e books which accompany this to y e public Library for me, as I am not able to go myself now. I hope to be in Cambridge y e last week in October for a single day on my way from Margate, where I intend to spend a fortnight.
In y e second week in November I go down to my new Curacy near Wisbeach, which, tho not actually in Cambridgeshire lies on y e very confines of it, y e adjoining parish being in that County, so that I hope to do you some service in y e Cambridge Flora, and perhaps some for Leonard Jenyns in y e Fauna.— I shall at any rate be able to secure you all y e marine productions, which it is impossible to get in a casual visit, and I hope we shall be able to make some excursions together at no great distance of time.
I have got three difft bats for Leonard Jenyns, but I have no means of sending them at present.
+I enclose a few plants such as I can lay my hands upon. Amongst them Chenopodium hybridum; and a species of Potentilla unlike any British one of that genus or Tormentilla. Compare specimens and you will see how diff t y r leaves are. It is perhaps most like Potentilla opaca. M r Henderson has found but one patch of it in a wood near Milton.
I hope M rs Henslow is quite well, remember me to her and believe me very truly yours | M J Berkeley
Biggs promised me seeds of Anotheca longiflora, d o nocturna
be so good as to put him in mind of it
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+It will not be in my power to attend you at 12 o'clock; but as soon as the Diocesan Committee have finished their business I will be with you.
+The enclosed list is as we know imperfect, & and many names are to be added.
+Yours truly
+J.Wood
+Thursday Morning
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Asks JSH to put him down for a plumper vote for the election of Lord Palmerston as University MP and comments on the intentions of other voters.
+Put me down as a plumper for Ld. P. unless any change of candidate takes place. But agt. Bankes & Goulbourn & the atty. I certainly vote for Ld. P. alone.
Duckworth does the same
+Moodie Do
+
Carter (M.P.for Portsmouth) Do.
Sir Gregory Lewin Do
+
John Lefevre won't vote at all
+
between ourselves I fear our friend Lefevre is actuated by motives wch. the world might call selfish I don't think he likes to offend an attygenl. & future chanc.
Bickersteth has told Duckworth he will plump for LdP but as I have not communicated with him, I can't say for certain. I believe Amos will give LdP one vote. Calvert will do the same if he votes at all.
Thos. Ellis late fellow of Trin plumps for LdP at least Lewin told me so. I have not spoken with him myself. Wm Marshall of St Johns does not vote at all. George Hibbert Do.
yrs W.B.
+Added (from W.Brougham 20th Decr1825)
Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+If any contradiction is given to the report you mentioned, great care must be taken not to raise as suspicious among the absentees, that the report has arisen from L.dPalmerstons want of strength. perhaps it had better be omitted
Truly yours
+J.Wood
+Thursday
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I received your letter of the 22dins.tlate on Xmas Eve and have no objection to give you the information you request. I have no hesitation in letting you know that it is my intention to vote for the Attorney General for it is a matter of great satisfaction to me to be enabled to support a person so well qualified for the honorable situation to which he aspires and whose principles at the same time are so perfectly consonant with those which I have held from my earliest years and which after mature repeated consideration I have hitherto seen no reason to change. I have as little hesitation in telling you that I shall not support Mr Bankes. The only question then with me is between Lord Palmerston and Mr Goulburn. I differ from his Lordship on the Catholic question and feel so decidedly averse to any further concessions that I cannot vote for him; but as I differ from him only upon that point and he has represented the University for a considerable time and hitherto as far as I can collect has given satisfaction in other respects to the majority of his constituents I feel inclined by withholding my vote from Mr. Goulburn to leave His Lordships election to the determination of those who hitherto supported him. However I by no means pledge myself to this, for a considerable term must necessarily elapse before the election & circumstances may in the mean time occur to render it necessary for me to mark as strongly as I can the decided objection I feel to any further concessions to the Catholics. I shall also be guided in a great measure by the proceedings of the next session of Parliament & of the Catholics themselves, and if I see the advocates of this measure increasing I must tell you candidly I shall think it an imperative duty to oppose Lord Palmerston.
I have repeated in the foregoing part of my letter what I have in effect already stated to His Lordship personally. You will be assured by it that I shall not vote for him solely on account of his supporting the Catholic claims and that if I should at a future period come to the determination of voting against him it will be upon the conviction of the necessity of such a step from which neither influence or interest however great will send me and I will then communicate my intentions as readily as I have done in the present instance. I am sorry I cannot give you any information good or bad of the intentions of any other members of the University as I am aquainted with very few here & have not seen any of my country friends since the canvass. I believe my friend Lawrence Peel of the Middle Temple is inclined to support Lord Palmerston and he is I know a strenuous advocate for Catholic emancipation so you will encounter no obstacles from him on that point. I must request that no allusion is made to this information either directly or indirectly in any application which you may make to him as I have no authority from him to state his opinion or any right to subject him any application on the subject. If I have not the pleasure of seeing you before the election I hope I shall then & that though we may then as posible foes we shall be as good private friends as ever but pray remember that I am lately here almost constantly & that I shall be very happy to see you whenever inclination or business may lead you to London and believe me to remain
+Dear Henslow
+yours very truly
+James Loxdale
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have only time to say that I send 50 copies of the circular & will send 50 more tomorrow morning by the coach
+My dear Sir
+Yrs Faithfully
+Palmerston
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I send you the remaining 50 circulars & will send you some more on Monday; I enclose a Return of a few more votes to be added to our list. I cannot say how much obliged to you I feel for your active Exertions in my support.
+My dear Sir
+yours very Faithfully
+Palmerston
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have not made up my mind about taking my MA degree this year; but, if at the next Election I am qualified to vote, my vote will be at your review.
+yours very truly
+William Butt Junr
+
Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Many thanks for your communication, we get on well I think on the whole; I send you a list of additional names - I am playing off my battery of letters who have county influence & I trust with success. I send some more circulars & have only just time to save the post.
+My dear Sir
+yours sincerely
+Palmerston
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+a happy new year
+I have a note of four lines from a friend, the Visct, without a single promise & and nearly stating that it is quite impossible for him to be here tomorrow.
+This being the case, letters (of which I have got a parcel from our Master) must be sent up to him, and as our election shop, is, to use a Scottish phrase, only open on lawful days, will you come & hold a council at my rooms this evening (about half past seven) with your Chancery i.e. your books & papers, and over a cup of [illeg], we may write letters, and [illeg] concoct a dispatch to the noble Lord to whom I am at any [illeg] my promise to write. If you fall in with Sedgwick, Lockyer, Duckworth , Dawes, Thanes, [illeg],and any of our colleagues who think they can help us, will you invite them for me & I shall get out (torn) ask them myself by & by wind and weather premitting. We shall want to [illeg],and if we are to scribble [illeg] some paper I find I am rather short of it. [illeg] ever yours A.Carrighan.
+The Master has one vote , I have two to add to our list, but they are not new to you and two refusals
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+My Son Henry is at present on the continent, where he will continue I believe some months longer. He holds in great veneration the memory of Pitt; and is consequently an advocate for the present Administration; of which Lord Palmerson (sic) is an active & most respectable member: but as His Lordship voted in favour of the Catholic Cause, I am disposed to think he must not expect any assistance in his canvass from either of my sons Thomas & Henry.
+I am Sir
+your most obedt. Servt.
Wm Margetts
The Revd
+
StJohn's College
Cambridge
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Tho’ tardy in its performance, I have not been unmindful of my promise, to send you some Specimens of Lichens and I now beg your acceptance of I believe about 300 species and varieties of those Genera, into w ch. Acharius has divided the Lichens; being all the duplicates w ch. I have at present in my possession; I wish they were more worthy of your of your acceptance; I more especially regret, that the Specimens are in general so small; but my collection having received very little addition during the last ten years, and the duplicates having been abstracted by several collectors of my acquaintance, must be my apology, for this deficiency. Should I again attempt to increase my stores, I shall not forget, that you who have so many more important objects in view, may have had little but little time to spare for this particular pursuit. I have used the Lichenographia universalis of Acharius; and you will observe my principal stations have been Charnwood Forrest in Lincolnshire, and Buxton, with the neighbouring Rocks of Derbyshire. I had a rich harvest at Chee Tor, where I only spent one morning. I commenced this pursuit in Oct. 1809, & in 1812 I removed from the neighbourhood of my favourite station Bardon Hill, the Wrekin of Charnwood Forrest. Upon many of the Specimens you will find an abbreviation, of the Habitat of the Plant, expressed by the Letters. B:H. by w ch I mean to designate this Map of Slake & Siemile; since 1812 I have done very little in this way. The Welsh specimens indeed, were picked up in the summer of 1809, before I had paid any attention to the Lichens, or given myself any trouble to investigate the species; I must however acknowledge, when I had looked over my Cambrian acquisitions at home, and found amongst them several scarce Species & particularly that I had picked up, without knowing it, the Lichen frustulatus on the very rock at Penmorfa, where Dillenius found it, my ardor was not a little excited; & to this trifling instance I attribute having ever become an amateur of the Lichenoides. I fear you will find many Errors, & sh d feel myself much obliged by your correction of them.
I have added a few of the smaller Fungi, w. ch having been steeped in a solution of the Hydrony. oxymus, are tolerably free from depredators; they will probably not be worthy of your acceptance, in w ch case you can throw them away.
you was kind enough to say you w d. have pleasure in sending me, such Cambridgeshire plants as I wished for; at present I shall nearly confine myself to my favourite tribe, and shall quote Relhan's & shall should any of their fall in your way, I shall feel myself much obliged to you, to forward them to my Son at Clare Hall, who will take care to send them to me.
In enumerating so many plants, I wish to be understood that any of these w. d be very acceptable.
If there are any plants in this neighbourhood, w ch you wish for, I will use any endeavor to procure these; if I have not already duplicates of them.
I hope you will pardon this intrusion upon your Leisure and believe me to remain with great deference and respect,
+your obed t & obliged Serv t | J. Power
Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have no hesitation in letting you know my intentions as to voting at the next election. It is my earnest wish to forward Lord Palmerstons interest not only by my vote, but by every exertion in my power. I have already told him so, though he may have forgotten it. My brother George will do the same. Our second votes, if it will not interfere decidedly with Lord Palmerstons success, will be given to the Attorney General. I do not know a single Master of Arts who has a vote in this neighbourhood, but I will make diligent enquiries & will yet you know any success I meet with. If you can give me any names of voters in Devon or Cornwall, I might get at them through friends if not by myself. Certainly I will leave no stone unturned to bring in Lord Palmerston. As to the Catholic question his views are mine but that I think has nothing to do with the present contest. When first he was returned for the University, his views on that subject were known: he never has altered, or failed in any way in redeeming the pledges he gave. What therefore induced men to support him originally remains the same, & in addition what we owe for the services he has rendered since he represented us. Pray let me know what you think of his chance, & who stands next in probable success. Not the Attorney General I hope, tho' most likely I shall give him my second vote. He is a radical at heart, & I fear little better than an atheist.
+My wife joins me in kind regards to yourself & MrsHenslow. This election may bring us all acquainted.
Believe me Dear Henslow
+your affecnfriend
Whitworth Russell
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I cannot understand what you all mean. Taylor informed me that he has just returned from Cambridge & that the feeling there particularly in Trinity & St Johns was very strong in favour of Lord Palmerston. You yourself state that there is but one resident vote in St Johns decidedly against L,d P & that most of the Jesuits are in his favour! Why then all this humbug & pretence? I do not believe that there is the least doubt of Ld P's success or that there is the least occasion for my promising him a plumper. I do not believe that the University have so far abandoned consistency & common sense as to reject him. With respect to myself however the simple fact is that four days since I wrote to Ld P offering him my vote having determined in my own mind to give him a plumper if at the time of the Election I found there was any doubt of his being returned. This I have done because I imagined that no man of common sense & common liberality could do otherwise. I trust therefore that you will do me the justice to believe & to explain to Ld P that the offer of my vote was dictated entirely by my own vision of the case & needed no other additional inducement.
Cambridge votes are scarce in this neighbourhood. Speare of Clare Hall I have not seen but I am pretty confident that he will vote with Webb & probably against Lord P. Young Hatch of Kings is now absent from Hadleigh. Taylor is in favour of Ld P. I have canvassed Hanbury by letter but do not know his intention. His vote may be had through Geo. A. Browne. I shall dine tomorrow in company with 2 or 3 votes upon whom I shall diligently impress my own notions. Walker of St Johns (Rector of Layham) is a very impractical person & very cautious in concealing his opinion but he will vote for Ld P if properly canvassed though Jack or Whitfield both formally of St Johns. I thank you for the offer of a bed but I will not ask you to reserve it for me because I think that I shall (illeg Illeg) & return without sleeping at Cambridge.
I may amuse Dicks & console Hilyard to know that the skin of one of my sheep was this morning found in a field without its carcass-the former will be the more amused when informed that I preached a vehement discourse against stealing only two Sundays ago.
+Yours ever truly Fred Calvert
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+"Tempora Mutantur"
+John Henslow a Politician, an active canvasser,-a committee man- nay the chairman of the committee, & consequently Capital correspondent-strange as all this is, your old friends should be the last persons to complain & if I thought it would produce any further information I might be tempted to delay answering your query a little longer. The fact is not, that I am wavering, just that I am fixed in my intention as far as the University is concerned not to vote in these times for a candidate who supports Roman Catholic claims. Such is the feeling about the R.C. Qn within the country (whatever it may be in Camb.) that I believe every mans vote will be esteemed a public expression of his own opinion upon the subject. Add to which my own fears about it have been much increased by the last discussion in Parliament so that I no longer consider it one of those comparatively unimportant points upon which I may differ in toto with the candidate & yet support him upon the ground of his general political principles. Ld Palmerston is an old and intimate friend of Ld Clives and therefore if I could possibly vote for him with a safe conscience I should most gladly do so.
I long to see your little girl & Russells little girl & Le Fevre's little boy or girl so whichever it is to be - Nihill has one boy about a year & half old a very pretty child.
+I wish you would come down & look a time again. My brother has a lead mine that is to be within 5 miles & Lord Clive is searching in another direction your advice would be very valuable. I shall be very glad to see Mrs Henslow I will invite Mrs Nihill to meet her. We may then make a party & visit the grand suspension bridge over the Menai. You who once dreamt of Africa cannot think much of such an expedition as this. In the hope that some way or other we surely soon meet. I remain
your sincere friend
+W. Clive
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Thanks for the addition to my list received from you & Carrighan, I send you the result of Saturdays letters & those of today.
+I have not got Mr Sutcliffes address in my List of Directors & therefore cannot forward the enclosed.
Yours sincerely
+Palmerston
+I have written as Carrighan suggests to Ld Bristol about Hine of Emmanuel who lives at Bury St Edmunds but I do not see his name either in the Manuscript List or in the printed Calendar & I should suspect therefore there must be some mistake as to his having a vote
If you can spare the County Lists I should be glad to have them in order to have another copy completed & I will return them to you.
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Just before I left Cambridge this morning I received the promises of two incepting Masters Welsby and Fredc. Pearson. They both give their second vote to Copley. Fredc. Pearson promises to do all he possibly can for us and send me four or five directions which I have sent up to Ld. P. tonight that at least he may canvass them by a circular. Williamson 32 Kirkgate Leeds is furious against the Catholics & votes for Copley and Goulborn.
+yours very truly
+R.C. Hildyard
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+In the present early stage of the business & in perfect knowledge as to who may in the end prove to be the fighting candidates for the representation of the University I presume that you do not at present expect from me more that a general declaration of my feelings upon the subject. If, as on the last occasion, the Catholick question is to be again made the great subject of contest I shall certainly feel myself bound to support the Catholick candidate; and indeed I feel so indignant at the unworthy smear resorted to by Mr Bankes upon this subject that I shall probably reserve my vote to be used in any manner which may appear best calculated to prevent his re-election. To what extent this feeling may exist amongst the non resident votes I am unable to say, but I know that it is entertained by many others in common with myself, & I conceive that it will in all probability prove favourable to the views of your candidate.
It will give me much pleasure to find myself embarked in the same cause with yourself, and judging from present appearances I think this will very probably be the case at the ensuing election.
+Believe me
+Yours very truly
+S. J. Loyd
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+It is long now since I have had any communication with you, and I confess, that I have a illeg wondered that you have not honoured me with a few lines occasionally, considered that during your abode in the Isle of Mann, we used to see a good deal of each other.
+I now feel inclined to rout you out having occasion to apply to you on an occasion of some importance. It is to ask you to give your vote for Lord Palmerston in the coming election at Cambridge if you have any vote to spare, and also if you can assist his lordship with your support in any way, I shall be very much obliged to you so to do, as he is a person I highly respect and esteem. I pray you inform me what is your exact situation at Cambridge at present, for I am not quite certain as to that circumstance. I hear that Derby is a missionary and at present at Calcutta, is that the case? And where is Inge? You I have been told are married. Is that so who is the fair lady who attracted you tell me I beseech you the whole circumstance relative to that count. Is Vick in being and as amiable as ever. My Illeg is I hope status quo, but I have been journeying about on account of my health, having been very ill since I had the pleasure of seeing you - and never well in the Isle of Mann so that I fear I shall be obliged to leave it - and am looking about for some house in this neighbourhood, because it is the only situation that seems to agree with my health. My complaints are dispeptic, but is now chiefly confined to the chest, throat and windpipe. I am obliged to be very careful about my diet and seem to get on tolerably well although I adhere strictly to that system at least when not in the Isle of Mann. I fancy that the sea air there does not agree with me. If you can send me a few seeds from the Botanical Garden at Cambridge, I pray you do, as they will afford me great amusement. The collection I have is very good considering but the Glasgow people are not very liberal about these sort of things, they do not like to give these without the expectation of some return which bye the bye, is much the way with all the illeg. There is a Mrs Robert Murray in the Isle of Mann who has been left with a very large family of children, all unprovided for but they have all been given a very good education by their uncles and aunts. Two of them now want situations and if you could get one of them into a book [shop] or into the Library at Cambridge, you would do a great service to the family and indeed it would be a most charitable act. If you can think of anything pray mention it in your letter to me.
I am your very sincere friend
+J. H. Stapleton
+I wish many happy returns of the season
+Netherton House near Worcester and then enclose your letter to my brother Lord Le Dispencer Mereworth Castle Tunbridge Kent.
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Mr Gooch's address is 'the Revd. C. Gooch Cornhill Ipswich'. I have this morning received a letter from Mr Connop of Bradfield Hall who says, if he comes to Cambridge he will vote for Lord P.
+Yours &c &c
+J. Lamb
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+You may set down Watson for a promise, and Trail of Trin. as favourable. I have had a very agreeable answer to my letter from Lane, who, as no doubt you are by this time aware, giving us a vote.
+We have no committee room still, but I have recommended one which will suit us - the only one it is to be had in this neighbourhood. I have not yet seen our noble Lord, but hope to do so today. If he fixes an early day for assembling his London Friends I shall make a point of attending - if he does not, I shall probably be gone to Brighton,
+Mrs Watson is all but well again. I take part of their family dinner tomorrow and they send their regards to the Gothic Cottage.
+May one ask the Chairman to send the enclosed letter to St Johns College? My nephew lives in the third court in illeg the fellow commoners room. I wish you would send me up a list of what you have picked up since Sunday, as, not having seen Palmerston I am quite in the dark - and am growing fidgetty. Now however there is no cause for dispondency - every person, almost without exception, says Palmerston ought to be re-elected.
+Watkinson of Illeg adverses(?) as I am sorry to say. Ever since -- and yrs faithfully
+Carrighan, A.
+Tell Haverland I have seen nothing of Wilkinson, but have left the letter on the shelf of the Club.
+Cook of Clare-Hall who is cordially with us, gives his 2nd to Bankes.
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Will you have the goodness to forward the two letters which accompany this note, as I shall not be able to attend the committee this evening. Gooch's address you will get today from Corpus. The other letter is to prevent Sheepshanks from either pairing off, or promising Goulburn.
+yours truly
+J. Croft
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+We were all very sorry not to meet you at Glasgow. Your genial spirit always diffuses a pleasant feeling over our meetings. I read your paper or report on types. It produced some discussion & the Prince of Caricio Sir William Jardine & Mr Sclater all promised to give you further assistance in their birds. They think you should not publish Species list.
+If you were to get a list from one of the three & send it to the other two they would give you such a general list of types for kinds as you want.
+I think I would publish what matter you have got in the next volume & add other things as they come in. We got a grant for you to have struck off a certain number of copies for distribution.
+Perhaps after all the better way around be for you to get printed off what you have got & send these out for correction & confirmation before they are printed in the Transactions but I leave this for you to think about.
+Believe me | very faithfully yours | Ettwin Lumholtz
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have time only to write two lines. I send you my list of Promises that you may correct yours by it. The committee will meet on Monday & will be held at no. 4 Haymarket
+My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+I shall be glad to have my back again by return of post
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+It is true that I have no vote myself, and it is as true that I have no illeg with others - but as you are making out correct lists I think you may put down the names of my brother Francis Pym senior and Lord Tavistock as likely men to vote for Lord Palmerston for want of a better candidate - I mean as a man of their own way of thinking. Many thanks for recovering a vote for me - pray remind your friend of his promise when the time comes - If I am not mistaken I think that Lefevre is with you -
+Yrs most truly
+John Whitbread
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have written to Sir Ed. Knatchbull & have asked Mr Lushington of the Treasury to do so too but you had better have him applied to also through the channel you allude to. I have written to Lord Darnley. The Revd Richd Cockburn of Boaley is no relation of Sir George, but is a connection of Mrs Huchisson & Mr Huchisson has told me that he will be answerable for his vote. I sent Ld Bristol the Suffolk list and he has been writing to everybody he knows.
+The direction given in my list for the Revnd S. Deare was Buntingford instead of Rochester I have therefore send him a second letter to the proper direction explaining why I had not done so before.
+This is all with reference to your letter of the eleventh inst which I ought sooner to have answered.
+My dear Sir
+yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+I have applied to Lord George Cavendish for the Revnd Mr Grace not Grice of Pembroke and the the Revnd Mr Capper of St Johns as suggested in your letter of the 12th. but I find no such name as Matthews of Jesus either in my manuscript book or in the Index or College List in the Printed Calendar. I am inclined to think it must have been a mistake for Malthus the professor of the E. I. Coll [East India Company College] and if so I have him already.
+I have applied to Ld Darlington for the Revnd G. Ward of Triny and I have put into the Courier a Paragraph contradicting the reports that I do not mean to come to a Poll.
+I find no such name as Kelson nor anything resembling it in the Sidney List either manuscript or printed & no such name appears in the General Index to the Calendar I shall therefore not write to Ld Delewarr about him till I hear again from you lest there should have been a mistake in the name.
+Available under license only
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+Pray never make any ceremonies as to telling me exactly what you or my other friends at Cambridge think, & be assured that I shall always consider those as my best friends who speak to me most plainly & openly upon matters which concern me. There is no greater mistake than concealing from a person to whom one wishes well any sentiment or opinion out of delicacy, when its expression might be of use to them, & therefore I really & truly feel very much obliged to you for the hints you have given me. The fact is that I have had some difficulty in organising a committee almost all my own personal friends whose attendance I could naturally have relied upon are at this time out of town & I did not like to begin with a committee entirely strangers & chiefly opposition men; we have however commenced today & I have got both the Grants to attend & I trust we shall make more rapid progress. I have been incessantly occupied in writing to everybody to whom I could advantageously apply & hope that I have been doing good.
+I send you a list of additions to be made to our List of Promises. This brings us to 364, and whatever our adversaries may boast of I don't think this at all a number to dispair upon with our prospects of progressive increase; there are a great many persons whose names are not in the list whose votes we may almost rely upon and I trust we shall not be very long in working our way up to 500.
+The name of Egremont was sent me by Sir Gregory Lewin but it is probably some mistake.
+My dear sir
+Yrs very sincerely
+Palmerston
+I have put into my list Antrobus & Abdy whom I conclude Carrighan has sent you.
+Available under license only
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+Ld Palmerston will send you the names he has received during the past two days. I will therefore confine myself to three that have been sent or given to myself.
+Edmund Antrobus, Joh. A. B.
+Case Jeven now a promise, W. H.
+E. S. Abdy, Jes. W. H.
+We at last assembled in the rooms I told you I had recommended to Lord Palmerston and though the day is very unfavourable, we have mustered pretty well. Both the Grants are here and making themselves very useful. Roberts has brought three votes, which will be in Palmerston's list. He also says that he shall not give a 2nd vote till P. is safe. Tell this to the Master with my respects. If he (R. Grant) gives a 2nd vote it will not be, as we were told, for Goulborn, but for Copley.
+Watson is very hearty in the cause and we have hopes of John Carr.
+Adieu - remembrances to all our friends - ever yrs A. Carrighan
+Don't be down-hearted, nor imagine the noble Lord is inert - it is not so now.
+I sent to Lodge and also to Pearson to tell them of the opening of this room, but neither of them have made show. Welch is here & Simons - also Lavalette - Benson, who has no vote.
+Available under license only
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+We have bagged about 14 votes, comprehending those you sent us. Ld P. will furnish you with the names. A good attendance today, and things look well.
+I have C. Pym Trin in my list of absolute promises but he is not in Ld Palmerston's, and it is wished you would let us know whether he is in your opinion sure, and on what authority. I must send you a very short note today and leave all other matters to Ld P. as I have such a pain in my chest that I can hardly sit upright.
+So no more at present, ever yrs &
+Carrighan, A.
+Mrs Watson was to have started tomorrow, but her joining is postponed
+Pray tell the Master that Birch has been here today and is making himself useful.
+Available under license only
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+I send you the produce of today which added to your list makes a very good days work: our Committee are hard at work & the attendance is good, we had Birch & Robt Benson of Trny, & Raymond of Trny. with us. I send you a Paper brought to me today by Birch showing what he has been doing. Ld Camden has been indefatigable & so has Ld Bristol.
+My dear Sir
+yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+I will send you the returned letters tomorrow. I wish in order to save you trouble to compare them first with the corrected lists as I sent off my letters first by the old lists, & then when I received the corrected ones sent off duplicate letters to those who had changed their residence & the first lts were generally returned to me but need not be sent down to you.
+Available under license only
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+I am quite ashamed at the mistake that has taken place respecting your note but not knowing where you lived I sent the answer to the Porters Lodge of St.Johns. Mr. Wilder Eton College is the only M.A. (whose direction I know) barring two in India all the others are B.A. wh.will probablynot serve your purpose yours truly S.B.Vince
Available under license only
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+I have picked up at sessions two votes - one of which you may have down -viz- E. Maltbys of Pembroke the other Evans of the same Coll - who says th. have not yet found out his residence - they both vote for Palmerston & Copley - C. Jenyns
+Available under license only
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+I have not a very brilliant addition to make to our list today, having only the names of the Revn G. Tavel of Triny, & the Revn Wm. Wing of St Johns. I believe I included the Revn Horatio Bolton in my list of yesterday; In the meantime we are incessantly occupied in writing letters; and I expect to be impeached when Parliament meets for negecting all my official business to carry on my canvass. The account some give of the Atty Genls progress tallies with what we hear. His friends say that he is 200 ahead of any other candidate; I hope he is so, for then we are not much behind the other two, but we have so many votes in view and so many that we can fairly reckon upon although we cannot book then as certain that I confess I begin to think better of our case than I have heretofore done; at the same time that it is clear that every vote must be piled one upon the other by hard labour & by dint of repeated applications. We have however a great many people working for us in the country. I have sent Littleton of Staffordshire four County Lists. I have sent a list to Sir Thos Acland, Ld Camden is at work with Kent, Mr Huskisson with Sussex & Liverpool. Sir Wm. Rowley I hope is helping us in Suffolk. In Norfolk we have several allies, Milton & Atthorpe have got lists for Northamptonshire and Lincolnshire Lord Tavistock a list of his county; in Wiltshire I have a most active canvasser; I have friends at work in Yorkshire; in short I have been putting in motion all the county engines I could think of & if any others occur to you pray mention then to me.
+My dear Sir
+yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have determined not to write at all to the Bishop of Ely now that it is so late, but apply directly to the Bishop of Lincoln if the Kings bench have not deprived me of my title today. I have just written for a certificate of my baptism. We are quite out about the Sphaeria; those from Bottisham and Swaffham are genuine Peraes not Sphaeria, distinct from each other and quite distinct from the Granchester true Sphaerium. I suspect that I have just found another Pera. The dirt which I used to clean off the Pera fluviat and P. Henslowa. turns out to be an epidermis. Therefore should not have been cleaned away. I took 6 or 8 specimens of T. septemdent but it is very rare. I expect Jermyn tomorrow. If he comes I will send by him your Brother's valued and valuable walking stick which he left here.
The Peregrine Falcon, Buzzard, Bittern and White Chaffinch are arrived.
+Compliments to your family and believe me| Yours very affectionately |
+J S Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I am afraid you will begin to think me remiss in not sending according to my promise, specimens of plants from this neighbourhood. By my friend Green I send a few, tho' few I think I am sorry to say, that can be worthy of y r. acceptance. Many of the plants in y r list I have not been again met with, but I am willing to hope that next year I shall be able to send every one of them, & those properly dried; for at present I am having made a press, (similar to a napkin press) for prepar ing specimens, having found that drying them in Books does not answer very well. So unsatisfactorily to myself have I felt filled my promise, that at present I cannot ask for any return of specimens for my herbarium siccum.
Among the plants, new to me & found in this neighbourhood in the last summer are the Parnassia palustris, the Pyrola minor, (this extremely scarce,) and another variety of the Anagallis arven: the flowers of wch were of a pinkish white and the leaves instead of two, were invariably, three together. a very small quantity of the seed of that & the Anag: coer. I send.
+In y r. last favour you ask, if the Saponaria is truly wild. I can only say, that on the banks of the river Don it grows most abundantly & that for miles on either side. I have frequently gathered it with large double flowers; nearly the size of a monthly rose: from its beauty it certainly deserves a place in our gardens. In May last I visited Lakeby Car nr Boro' Br. in hopes of procuring good specimens of the Scheuchzeria palust: but the bog was so very wet, that I dare not venture upon it. The Comarum had not yet come into flower. By the bye I caught there several specimens of the Thecla rubi, a most lovely fly: this is only habitat I know of in Yorkshire of this insect. I trust you will forgive me for introducing the subject of Entomology-- but the study of Botany naturally leads to that of Insects— & it seems almost impossible to investigate plants without being perpetually awakened by the infinite variety of those little bugs, busied in a thousand different ways, to the study of Entomology. M r. Green will tell you that I collect insects, & I can say it w d give me pleasure to send your duplicates: But I will not make professions, having so indifferently fulfilled my intention. At present I have in bran the pupa of the Sphinx Atropos; wch is 2 1/2 inches in length & 1 3/4 in girth: when the larva was sent me, I did not know what was the species: I fed it on privet leaves wch it eat most greedily: But it was a beautiful saffron colour previous to its entombments & it had shown its black chevrons of blue & white, its length was 5 in.. at present the pupa seems remarkably healthy. Tho' insects generally this summer have been scarce, the Brimstone & the half-on owner have been plentiful. The synodendron cylind: (1/2 a doz) I took a few days ago. The N o. of Butterflies, (i.e. species) I have caught in this neighbourhood is 27.— But I will not trespass on your time, I must have already exhausted y r. patience. I am extremely concerned to inform you that poor Mr. Atkinson of Leeds after a long & lingering illness, died on the 3 d. inst.— & I am afraid that M rs. A. & his family are left almost wholly unprovided for. He was an excellent naturalist his collection of British Insects is in very good preservations, nrly 1200 specimens.
Pray excuse this miserable servant, I am anxious to forw rd. the parcel to M r. Green.
Believe me ever to be | yours very truly | Edw rd Wilson
Available under license only
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+Rev. William Bond, Benet Pl. Cambridge
+Rev. G. C. Crabbe, Trowbridge, Wilts
+Rev Hy Dugmore, Swaffham, Norfolk
J. B. Greenwood Esq, re Middle Temple
+Rev. T. Siely, British Factory, Lisbon
+R. Smith (now M.D, Reading) is off the boards-
+Dear Henslow
+all the above except Dr Smith, have votes - I hope this intelligence will arrive in time
+Yours truly
+C Porter
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Tho' we have not many votes to boast of today, there are numerous applications in circulation which will I hope soon tell.
+I enclose a list which I hope you will be able to complete for me without thinking that I am giving you unnecessary trouble, although I am perfectly aware that much of what I ask can be gradually picked out from other sources. I am using my utmost endeavour to have a list which is critically correct, and I feel that without this we are losing many votes in a cause which will not admit of one being neglected.
+I am Dr Sir
+Yours faithfully
+Law Sulivan
+Pray return the enclosed when complete to myself
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+We have but little good news for you today-no more than three promises.
+Horatio Bolton, Caius
+Wm Wing, Jon.
+Tavel, G. F Trin.
+unless Egremont. S. G. Cath.was admitted in yesterday's bulletin.
+Tyson Cath. gives his 2nd vote to the Attorney, so does Wrench of Trinity Hall. Skirrow's vote in the same quarter is to be a plumper, unless Tatham can soften him. Dealtrey votes for Goulburn certainly, and for us almost probably. R. Grant will see him immediately and no doubt obtain his promise, if he will allow himself to be pledged.
+Has G.Blamire of our College been written to - he is now at Carlisle? Could the Master or the orater write to him?
+I was in hopes you would before now have sent up to us Crick's name, and Jeffery's,&2 or 3 other fellow's names. They must be by this time returned, and something must be known about their intentions. Is it possible that they can hesitate about supporting Ld P.?
+Have you in your list of promises a Bligh or a Blyth or both - if so how do you describe them? The only way in which you can be useful to this Committee over & above the trouble you take of corresponding with it - is, I imagine to remind all our friends, especially those who are on the committee whom we illeg that they may look in upon us. London is still very thin, and therefore we do not yet muster in great numbers - but we expect more visitors anon. Pray slip into the Bulletin at the end of the week, directed to me, some account of the highest illeg. I trust Elwes will get well through, when he is safe, pray say so. As you don't mention Haswill?, he, I presume is just found for the present as he told me indeed illeg be case.
+I have twice written to my nephew about some Cottenham cheeses - I wish he would send me a note saying whether he has sent me any or not
+I cannot get rid of the tickling in my throat and have not yet, on account of the business in this room, been able to get to Brighton. Now it draws so near to the time of my being obliged to return for a few days at least to Cambridge that I shall probably defer bathing till the end of the month.
+Mrs Watson not having been able to take advantage of Crawly's escort, or, rather, Dr Latham being of opinion she ought to wait here a little longer, I have offered my services but do not yet know whether the same time will suit us both.
+Ever yrs
+Dear H,
+Faithfully,
+Carrighan, A.
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I cannot send you a very brilliant list to add to our promises, having only Sir Sandford Graham & Wm Henry Place (illeg) both of Trinity as promises. But I have to strike out the name of Luke Ripley of St Johns who writes to me today to say that he sent me his promise under the impression that I was an anti Catholic & that having discovered his mistake he begs to have his vote withdrawn. We are working away at our letters and hope to have success with our Country Friends. Sir Thos. Acland gives me hopes of four or five this morning but none that I can book as yet. Shadwell has promised to attend here but is prevented from doing so today by legal occupations. Mr Birch answers your queries as follows.
+Revd. Wm. Jones is St. Johns
+Revd I. Owen - is not a Cantab he is a Gresham Lecturer
+Revd. Antrobus; name is Wm.
+My dear Sir
+Yrs very sincerely Palmerston
+I believe I have omitted to report the vote of Dr (Illeg) of Emml. and Charles Grant has just sent us that of Malden of Triny.
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+In reply to your note of last evening I beg to inform you that H. Dixon is a B.D. Ten Year Man & therefore has no vote. R. Luke our Senior Fellow is insane and has not been in Camb. of 25 years. The Revd. S. D. Rhodes' direction is Teignmouth Devonsh.
+I remain, Dear Sir
+yours truly F. Henson
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+According to your letter I mentioned your request to Mr Hughes & was enabled to show him a list of Kentish votes, a copy of a list which you sent my father & by him forwarded to me - it appears that your University Election has already been the subject of his thoughts & conversation - & that he feels decidedly hostile to Lord Palmerstons success on account of his support of the Catholics, and does not fancy appearing to canvass for him - i.e. with the voters opinions - & more particularly speak to Sir R.K. whose opinion on the Catholic Question is so well known. Mr H. mentioned 2 whom he knew had refused to support Lord P. Wharton & Whitehead of Sevenoaks - the latter was canvassed by Lord Camden - however when he has an opportunity he shall ascertain the intentions of those he can.
+Why I most assuredly must have given you to understand, altho' probably I might not have mentioned it - that a similar stamp receipt, signed by you, would be required to enable me to procure your salary quarterly - a receipt quarterly of course - you can use your own discretion how many you will send up - & according to opportunity etc.
+Pray give my compts to Harriet & love to the young ones & believe me
+your affecte Brother
+S.W. Henslow
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I grieve to tell you that Wrench after giving cause to think that he should give a vote to Palmerston, has pledged himself to Goulburn as well as to Copley.
+We have 10 votes today including those you sent up. C. Grant brought three of them. He and his brother and Sir Thos. illeg are making themselves very useful indeed. C. Grant has heard from Elliott who will not pledge his 2nd. vote, his first he certainly gives to Goulburn-
+I hope to get down to Brighton tomorrow, but cannot say positively I shall do so, I am so plagued with cough. But I shall positively be at Cambridge on Friday next, and I will thank you to beg of my nephew to have my rooms got ready by that time. If the cheeses about which I have bored you so often and about which I have heard nothing are not yet sent off, I would not have any sent to me.
+I inclose a letter for my nephew, left at his brother's lodgings.
+If you send me a list of the donors illeg illeg not do so.
+Ever yrs faithfully
+Carrighan, A.
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I beg your pardon for giving such unintelligible & deficient information about the votes, but I will try to make myself more clear. I meant to write Maltby not Malkin. E. H. Maltby you will find as an M.A. I believe in the last calendar. He is of Pembroke, son of the Dr. M. He said he did not know whether his father had given a promise to Ld.P. from him or not, so that you may put him down if not there already. C. Evans is of Pembroke also & a fellow. He is a provincial barrister practising at Norwich where he resides. He said the candidates had not found out his residence as he has only been there a year, or not so long. Bankes called on him, but he was not at home.
+I hope this will be sufficient for your purpose.
+Pray has there been a box coat (which belongs to my father) sent to your house from the Bull Inn in Trumpington St. which I directed the landlord to deposit at your house. If he has not sent it, would you be so good as to let James call for it & if he gets it in time send it back by the carriage tomorrow.
+I am afraid I shall not have time to call in the morning in my way to London. I shall hope to send you some more votes in the course of a few days.
+Farewell - & believe me
+yrs - sin
+C. Jenyns
+'I have asked Richard to get my coat & broke the seal'
+Maltby's address is New Square Lincolns Inn - I forget the number
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I send you the votes of
+The Revn F Cunningham Queens
+Revn Wm Gimingham Caius
+Lord Clonmell Triny
+Revn Jas Commeline St Johns
+Waddington H Triny
+I think, but I have left your letter at home & have before me only my incorporated list that you sent me
+Singleton St Johns
+Curzon Magdn
+McDonald Jesus
+Frazer Christs
+Waddington H Triny
+This makes a tolerable bag for one day - we have been working away & I have only just time to have the post
+yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Thos R. Fritton C,G,
+Rev R Bligh P. (if can come from Devon)
+C. Evans Pemb.P.
+Hon. T. Dundas P (if can come but unlikely) T. M Roberts on Friday
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+The following is the state of the names you gave me
+Bulwer Inceptor
+Lubbock off the boards
+Murray ditto
+Simpson Inceptor
+Yrs cordially
+H. Tasker
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Having learnt through the medium of Loudon's Magazine of Natural History that you are anxious to procure for the Botanical Museum at Cambridge specimens of British Plants I take the liberty to request your acceptance of the accompanying parcel of plants collected in this neighbourhood. They are by no means all the rare species that may be collected here but all of which I happen to have specimens duplicates. Should they prove acceptable to you I may at a future period communicate to you some others. I have also a considerable number of Musci and some Lichens which I shall feel great pleasure in sending to you as soon as I can command leisure to look them out. I also beg leave to mention that Entomology and Conchology have occupied some of my attention and if you could conveniently send me a few of the Insects and Land or Fresh water Shells of Cambridgeshire I could in return supply you with some Insects peculiar to the North of England. I cannot say what I should be able to do in Land and Fresh water Shells not having as yet paid much attention to them my collection is at present chiefly exotic
+
I am S ir. Your obd t. Servant | R d. Leyland
Available under license only
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+I return you the letters from Russell and Calvert & I am sorry I cannot subscribe to their opinions but must rest content to remain according to the doctrine of the latter an Illiberal blockhead. The fact is that I look upon the Cath. Qn. in a very different light from what I did when I voted for Ld. Hervey who as you justly observe had not any claims upon the University to be canvassed with those of Ld. Palmerston & though I condem no man who thinks or votes contrary to myself I cannot under my present feelings upon the subject support any candidate who favours the Catholic claims. Were the contest at any other place than a University I might not be so necessary. However let the matter rest we shall not convert each other & it appears that without my assistance Ld. P. will be returned by a considerable majority believe me only at all times.
+Yr truly affec. friend
+Wm. Clive
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+The list was sent by Sulivan, I presume from the London Committee Room.
+Truly yours
+J. Wood
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Lord P. is gone out of town and his letters are sent after him; so that we have no materials for a bulletin in this place. Watson is here and writing letters for us. Dover says he will not vote at all.Should he change his mind it might be in our favour. George Heald, of Trinity, Kings Counsel, will certainly not vote at all - we have had him canvassed by his most intimate friends. I am greatly concerned at our not having the Senr. Wrangler, but cannot be sorry that the young Tailor has triumphed.
I have no letter from you today with the promises for the reason mentioned in the outset of my letter.
+In haste yours
+A.C.
+If you or Mrs Henslow have any commissions send them up and I will execute them before Friday
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I send you a list of additional promises & I have written to Evans of Pembroke at Norwich not a circular but particular & I have also sent Whitworth Russell a Devonshire list.
+We are sending extracts from the County Lists to all those who occur to us.
+My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have just heard of a voter of the name of W. Portal Esq. of St Johns Coll - who is favourably disposed to Ld. P and it seems doubtful whether he has been applied to. He is at present at Bath, but I understand he is expected in about a weeks time at Warren's Hotel in London. This is all I know of him. I rather think also you have not got J.B. Greenwood of Caius Coll; at least I understood him to say he had not been applied to. He is a barrister in the Temple. He has promised me.
+Do wish my election letters to be directed to you at Gothic Cottage or the Committee room. I ask not knowing who pays the postage.
+Yrs sincerely
+l. Jenyns
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+A thousand thanks for your list, newspaper &c and, pray congratulate no. 119 for me.
+I expected you would have been able to send up to us Greenwood of Caius - as you have not done so, you must be contacted to take him from me, who received him together with Evans of Pembroke (doubtfully mentioned in your yesterday's list) from George Jenyns. Apropos of him, he is to charge me with the care of a watch for someone of your Bottisham friends, and is to send it to my lodging, tomorrow.
+Your hint about John Beverley will be attended to; but to find him will be difficult enough in so wide a street as Fleet Street especially as he (no doubt snugs it in some busy parlour) unless you send some more specific information touching the number of the house.
+We shall sooner or later bag some of the Queens men in your list through the Grants, who have already written to two or three of them
+You will oblige me by making Merrick tell my nephew that there is no change in my plan, and that I wish him to bespeak my usual loaf for Friday.
+Our places are taken in the Telegraph.
+ever yrs
+Dear Henslow,
+with respectful compliments to the Master,
+Carrighan, A.
+Peacock has just dropped in, but brings us no news. Till he arrived, the noble Lord and myself had it all to ourselves
+Available under license only
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+I stop the press to say that Halford has just stepped in to say that he has seen Solly the younger who told him he should vote Lord P. May I report you to Carrighan? Certainly. I have therefore booked him as an absolute promise and we may look forward I think, to hear the same of his brother. He also says Fulton certainly votes with us, as also will Beaufoy. Thirlwall of Trin is an absolute promise and will manage his 2nd vote so as to advance Ld. P's election, if he should give one at all.
+Available under license only
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+Many thanks for your communication, tho' it hardly satisfies me. I have had but one letter. This from C. J. C. Luxmoore who is adverse.
+Very truly yours
+J. Wood
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I send you the list of our additions for today. We still keep Progressing as the Americans call it and if we continue to move over Equal Spaces for some time to come we shall I think be entitled at no distant period to entertain pretty good hopes of success.
+Peacock who is here says that the Atty Generals number consists not intirely of promises but includes all votes which can be reckoned upon
+Of Bankes I can learn nothing but some of his friends told me the other day that He is sanguine; I should doubt however his having any good grounds for his confidence
+My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+I think we see our way to 450.
+Available under license only
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+I do not feel quite certain whether the names in the accompanying list which are merely checked or are to be understood as having votes - at any rate we fail in directions. May I request your attention to the half sheet enclosed with the Statement, and which contains a re-statement of the deficiencies we disposed of in the statement
I am Dr Sir
+faithfully yrs
+Law Sulivan
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I embrace the present opportunity of sending to you a few Yorkshire Insects and will thank you to present one half of them to the Philosophical Society of Cambridge and the other to the Rev. L. Jennings and if that Gentleman would favour me with a few of the Cambridgeshire Insects it would greatly oblige me. The following I learn through the medium of Stevens Work on British Entomology are not unfrequent in your neighbourhood and would be very acceptable here viz. Panageus Crux major— Pamphila comma -Smerinthus Tilia - Sphinx Ligustri & Elpenor.
+
I beg you to accept my thanks for your kind offer of Cambridgeshire Plants, any of the more rare species you can spare would be very acceptable to me. I shall also be happy to receive your list of desiderata to which I shall pay proper attention — — — —
+I frequently receive parcels from Longman & C o. Booksellers London and when you have any thing to send to me — if you can get it conveyed to them it will soon reach me.
I am S ir | Your obdt Servant | R. Leyland
"viz. Panagaeus crux-major, Pamphila comma, Smerinthus tilia, Sphing ligustic & elpenos"
+ ++ a poor specimen I will send if I live till summer
+ +Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I send you separately a part of a statement which I had before the pleasure of sending you, and beg your attention to the enclosed half sheet to enable me to go on with my corrections.
+I am Dear Sir
+faithfully yrs
+Law Sulivan
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Our Manuscript Lists contain a variety of names which are not to be found in the Calendar at all. The presumption would be that they are off the boards but as we cannot venture to assume the correctness of the printed calendar in this respect. I am under the necessity of equating (?) the form of imposition statement from adequate authority.
I am D Sir
+Yrs faithfully
+Law Sulivan
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Your umbrella is not in the Lodge. The account is tolerably good, but my letters continue to be mortifying. Revd. J. Capper against, one vote for Bankes & the other probably for Goulburn.
+Revd. Ch. Wheelwright, second vote probably for Lord Palmerston. The first for Bankes.
+Truly yours
+J. Wood
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have a very bad cold which I wish not to increase as I am going to London tomorrow for a few days. I therefore do not make my appearance at your levee today. I hope to attend to my duties rather more regularly on my return & in the meantime I inclose a letter to Mr Lane of Magd. Coll. which I undertook to write & which you will perhaps dispatch to London with your packet this evening
Yours very truly
+Richd Crawley
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I send you a list of the results of today. Piper I see is also in your list this morning received, which also contains Greenwood of Caius & Strutt of Triny whom we had before; but nevertheless between London & Cambridge we make a good days work, and having turned 400 I think we are going on well.
+I make out a large number of persons from whom we may have expectations and if they should turn out well there is no fear of our [not] doing prosperously; at the same time much remains to be accomplished, and we must not disguise from ourselves that there are a great many names in our list which it is scarcely possible we should see in our Poll, from the variety of occupations pressing upon people at a General Election
+My dear Sir
+Yrs very sincerely
+Palmerston
+(Illeg) Aaron Browne of St. Johns from Kingston whose second vote we have got the first being given to Goulburn
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+You will see when you look over our bulletin of this day, that we are in pretty good health just now. I leave the list in his Lordship's hand, and only add to it the name of Williams J.H. of Clare Hall, who is now on Hunter's authority an absolute promise. I don't know whether you had ventured to win him we had not, but he is now down in good black Japan.
+Will you be kind enough to let Langton know that I have called in the Temple and, not finding my friend at home have left a note for him that will no doubt procure me a letter as soon as he returns to London.
+Mrs Watson having met with a much better offer than mine leaves me in the lurch. She leaves L. tomorrow with Dr and Mrs Webb.
+With compliments to the Master,
+I am, Dear Sir,
+faithfully yrs
+Carrighan, A.
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I send you a batch of the returned covers
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+These have been compared with the amended addresses and are the only directions we have for these persons
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I add these names
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+This is not amiss & if it continue I shall begin to have hopes. [word destroyed by tear] you do not I dare say think me sanguine.
+Truly yours
+J. Wood
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+We have no such name as Hine upon our boards
+yrs truly
+Wm. Young
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Hooker & I have not yet framed any entire system of Ferns, nor have I individually-- & therefore I cannot assist you from my own resources. I have however just received a work by Kaulfuss entitled "Das wesen der Farrenkräuter &c. in which is an arrangement of the genera which I copy for you— (There are no characters attached)
+According to the above arrangement you will perceive that the Author chooses to regard the Lycopodiaceæ & the Marsiliaceæ as among the true filices—
I am chin deep among the Algæ, & had more trouble than I can express in res arranging all the known species as far as Ulvaceæ for I have got no farther with the System. I suppose Agardh would eat me alive if he knew what liberties I have taken with his Orders & his genera— I have nearly finished the descriptions of the british Fucoideæ.
You may of by Nees von Esenbeck Jun r — Essai sur l’histoire des progres fait dans la connaissance des Fougeres depuis Brunfels jusqu’a nos jours. Sirk has published in the Linnaea vol.1 p.414 some Observations sur la structure interieure des Fougeres en Arbre. Very likely you are aware of all this already. I have lately received from Dominica a portion of the stems of two tree-ferns, some of which near 30, the other 50 feet high. The smaller one is 6 inches, the larger near a foot thick.
I shall rejoice to see you here, & hope nothing will occur to interfere with your plan. Let me know as soon as you can what time you are likely to be here for I sh d. be very sorry to miss you. I have an engagement in the North of England of six weeks to fulfill–which has fixed time. I have nearly made up my mind to deliver a popular course of 14 lectures–to commence in march or april― with our united kind remembrances to M rs Henslow― | Believe me | very faithfully yours | R K Greville
Available under license only
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+We know nothing about Lord Dudley Stuart's address. Porter's is Rev. G. S. Porter
+16 Dolbey Terrace
+City Road London
+I know nothing of Wilkinson. Fisher is returned from Yks. with some little news in his pocket which I will communicate to you this evening if I can get to the Committee Room
+Yours truly
+John Croft
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I was very much obliged to you for your kind letter, and sit down to say, that I shd feel myself accordingly obliged to you, not to mention to anybody, but to Lord Palmerston, that I have in the least interested myself about his Lordship. I have a most particular reason, for wishing this. I have thro' the father in law of Dr Lamb asked his vote, and I wish you to inform me, what he has done - I have also applied thro' another channel - but keep all this mum. You say you are Professor, but you do not exactly tell me of what, therefore I beg you, to be so good, as to inform me, "tout suit". You give one kind of a hint, that you are Professor of Botany, but I am not quite certain as to that matter. I have always wished very much, to attend some botanical lectures, but I have never been in any place where there has been any going on, so that all my botany, is from my own idea on the subject, I therefore wish, that you wd be so kind, as to find me a list of books, you would advise me to read on Botany. I have latterly, been fortunate enough, to obtain a plant, called Salvia splendens, which I admire very much. If you have any new plants, I beg you send me some of the seeds. If I go to France this year, I shall send you some. The Shyzanthus porrigens (sic), of course you have got, as also the Commelina coelestis. I wish for some seeds of a poppy whose name I do not know, but its appearance, is nearly this - it has a very bright scarlet blossom, with a blank eye, and the leaf is like the horned, or sea poppy, and it bears the seed in the same way. Now if you could send me the name of this fellow, and also send me some of the seed, I shd. feel exceedingly obliged to you. I was very sorry to hear, from the Isle of Mann lately, that Mrs Stewart is very ill, a circumstance that gives me great concern. I suppose, you are aware, that both Miss Smith, and Charlotte Smith are dead, poor dear souls! I was very sorry for their suffering. I think they both died from living in the Isle of Mann and I am confident, that my illness, was brought on, by that detestable climate. I find that Juke has not sold all his property in the Isle of Mann nor does he intend it - but what he is to do with the house I cannot make out unless he intends to let it off in flats, like the houses in Scotland. Poor dear Vick! I hope she was near you when she died, I am at present very anxious about my poor favourites left in the Isle of Mann.
I cannot help again entreating you, to think [it] my duty, if you can be of any use to Mr Robert Murrays son Robert, anything you could think of, but has to do with books would do. I beg my best respects, to Mrs Henslowe (sic) and every good wish to the little strangers. Pray is it true, that Purby is become a Saint.
+
Yours very sincerely
+J. H. Stapleton
+We are delayed here, owing to Lord Stirling business, but, I think, you had better send your letter to Netherton House near Worcester and enclose to my brother - Mereworth Castle near Tunbridge Kent - farewell!
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+As Lord Palmerston is out of town till Monday I cannot tell you the result of his post. I think I yesterday sent you from myself
Thornton John esq - Trin
+Brown Revd John - (Aberdeen)
+& today I have
+Mansfield Rev W Trin.
+I enclose you a list of Trinity men whose addresses are totally deficient. I am aware that several of these are down on our promises and that there are others whose addresses I may succeed in obtaining by enquiries in London but I thought it best to send the list of deficiencies as they appear on my book because they wholly (illeg) them at Trinity - and it is of infinite importance to get at those who have not been applied to as well as to be accurate in the addresses of our friends for when we shall probably have to write again hereafter.
I remain Dear Sir
+Yrs very faithfully
+Law Sulivan
+PS
+Further promises
+P.R.Solly Magd
+Empson W Trin
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I inclose two letters to be forwarded to Lord Palmerston and one from Mr Holder for your inspection. If his Lordship has any friend in Herefordshire who can apply to Mr Holder I think there is some prospect of obtaining his vote.
+Most truly yours
+J. Wood
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I inclose my list, and should feel obliged, as would also Lord Palmerston, if you would compare it with your own, and if necessary correct it. I have promised to lay the result before him on my return. Look only at the general list which is in alphabetical order: the College lists at the other end of the book are not nearly made up to the present time. Any alterations that you may think it necessary to make let them be made, if you please in pencil.
+I cannot stir out this evening, nor do I feel able to encounter the heat & bustle of a party at my own rooms. I have myself nothing to send or say. I have not seen Tatham.
Your's dear Henslow
+Carrighan, A.
+If you can let me have my book tomorrow, so much the better, as I may wish to leave this place the next day.
+A .J. C.
+Sunday
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I am playing truant here for a few days in order to take into my system a sufficent quantity of oxygen to prepare me for the impure atmosphere of the Hs of Cms on Thursday. I worked up my time however by anticipation as I sat up writing letters the whole of the night before I left London not having quitted my chair from eight o'clock in the evening till ten the next morning. I send you a batch of votes most of which I believe are new to you. These make my number amount to 458; including Sir H. D. Hamilton. He is a Whig & being in the country answers my letter probably without knowing how his party mean to go, but I have no doubt we shall have him; perhaps he may wish to consult the D of Gloucester & if so that will do us no harm.
+I send you a list which I have made out of persons who are probable or possible votes pray look it over & correct it by adding or striking out. The best thing I can do is I think to write myself to all such persons in preference to anything else. I send you some more returned letters. I shall be in Town again in a couple of days & hope before that to have to report further progress. I suppose it is quite certain that Sir Charles Coote of Triny has lost his vote; if he still has one it is mine.
+My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+I have written to Pack of the Temple and Brett of Corpus
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+This a very favourable report. I have nothing pro or con.
+Sincerely Yours
+J. Wood
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+As Lord P. is not yet returned to town I have not got the papers that you have no doubt been returning to me for the last two days. I send you herewith the statement of names without proper addresses, for the rest of the University (having before sent you Trinity - and these are reduced a good deal by the information I have picked up since I sent you the Trinity names.
Excuse the trouble I am giving you and I fear in some few instances, the repetition. I think we shall soon have tolerably correct records.
+I remain Dear Sir
+Faithfully yrs
+Law Sulivan
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Here are the addresses of our Batchelors who will take their M.A. degrees at the commencement of 1826.
+Yours very truly
+J.Lamb
+Thomas Revd J.Brampton Bryan Ludlow Salop
+Everitt J.E.Esq Walcot Place Knightsbridge
+Howman Revd E.J. Hockering East Dereham
+Wallace Revd A.J. Braxted Whitham Essex
+Browne Revd C. Blow Norton Harling Norfolk
+Piper Revd J.R. Hackney
+Hughes Revd G.H.
+Temple Revd G. Strand St. Sandwich Kent
+Dale Revd T. Maisse Hill Greenwich
+Dicken Revd - Charterhouse
+Moxon -- 7 Mincing Lane London
+Chestnutt Revd G. 88 Watling Street London
+Gay Revd Champion Hill Camberwell
+Fielding Revd Canterbury
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Revd Chas Currie - Resident
+Revd John Plaskett - Castle Sowerby Penrith
+Revd A. E. L. Bulwer - Heydon Norfolk
+Revd J. H. Simson Baldock
+Robt. P. Blake Esqr at J. Dean's Esqr., Doctor's commons
+Dear Henslow
+The above are the only inceptors at our College for 1826 - & Currie has already promised you the vote.
+Yrs very truly
+Henry Tasker
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Baxter sends a copy of part two of Stirpes Cryptogamae Oxoniensis and also sends a prospectus for forthcoming work by Gerard Edwards Smith on the botany of southern Kent.
As you was so kind to honour me with your name as a subscriber to my Stirpes Cryptogamæ Oxoniensis, I do myself the pleasure of sending you, herewith, a copy of the second fascicules which I have lately finished. I hope it will arrive safe and meet your approbation. I have taken the liberty also to send the prospectus of a little Botanical work about to be published by subscription, by G. E. Smith Esq r of S t John's College in this University whom I know to be a very good Botanist, mineralogist and geologist.― M r. Smith informs me, in a note which I received from him a week or two ago, that "the work will contain descriptions of Ophrys arachnites, O. fucifera, aranifera, and muscifera, of Orobanche caryophylacea, Statice cordata and Medicago denticulata. accounts also of Ruppia, Trifolium &c, and the geographical outline of the Botany of the coast of Kent."
I Remain, | Rev d Sir, | Your obedient humb le. Servant | William Baxter
Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+In Lord Palmerston absence I mention the only additions I Know of today - were
Thomas Babbington - Trin
+Henry Sykes Thornton - Trin
+I am not aware whether you have Thomas Flower Ellis Trin - he has been left only the printed calender by some accident but is a single vote for L.P.
I remain Dr Sir
+Yrs faithfully
+Law Sulivan
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+The progress is very good & I am anxious for Ld Palmerstons report. I inclose a letter for his Lordship which I forgot to bring with me to the Committee Room. It was mired with other papers & escaped my notice.
+Very sincerely yours
+J.Wood
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have to return you my best thanks for three letters and their enclosures which having travelled after Lord Palmerston have this moment reached my hands all together, and which I shall dispose of as quickly as possible.
The trouble taken on these lists is I assure you well (Illeg), for in a case like ours the complete elucidation of every individual vote is of much importance and may turn the election. Your information as I receive it puts me daily in the way of fresh channels of application or clears away the rubbish of names not on the boards as not having votes. I rejoice at your statement of Trinity inaccuracy because the same imperfection will have in a degree attached to the lists made use of by the other candidates. Unfortunately however they or at least Copley have a number of active men of all standings whose personal knowledge of men & their addresses supplies much that was wanting.
+I am sorry C.J.Ellis is linked with Thomas Flower. Ellis who I had hoped was new to your lists and who since I last wrote has been a most active and useful member of our committee.
+Let me particularly caution you against inferring that a man who votes for Copley is not worth persuing, unless you have clearly ascertained the second vote. I observe that in your statement to Lord P. of today you have down Perrott of Trin as adverse but I had his promise for Lord P. yesterday thru' a friend at Edinburgh
I remain Dear Sir
+Yours very faithfully
+Law Sulivan
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I only received your letter on Tuesday last & as I was to be here yesterday and my answer cd. have reached you not much before I arrived I did not write to you.
+I last night sent a note to Carrighan at the Com. Rm. in wh. I mentioned for your information that I had written to several of those whose names were in the list you sent. I have made a mark against their names (x). C. Abdy will be against you but he does not say how he votes. I can say nothing about the others. Those names with the mark * will vote I have no doubt for Ld. P but I have no authority for saying so. Goodeve Harrison came to us from St. Johns & someone from there might attack him Sir W. Bagshawe cd be secured by Dr. Cresswall of Trin. Can Ld. Pollington or Ld. Mexborough be induced to apply to Revd. J.F. Ogle in favour of Ld. Palmerston?
J.C. Powell came to us from Trin. & is often in Cambridge & at the Philosophical room.
+White is the nephew of the Bp. of Ely & will therefore be against you.
+yours ever
+W. Hutton
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I send you a list of additional votes which make my list amount to 490. So that we continue to make progress I shall not fail to attach the Probables & any others that I hear of; indeed I have plenty of work on my hands both epistolary & perambulatory. Pollack offered to lay a bet here two days ago that the Attorney polled twice as many as any other candidate; shares in the bet on the other side are at a premium in this room.
I could come down at any time but with more convenience in the course of this next week than later because my Estimates will be coming on after that & then I could not engage to be able to leave London on any given day. If it is thought that it would be useful that I should come to Cambridge let me have a line by Sundays post & I will come down either Monday or Tuesday evening.
+My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+This is a noble list. I heard from Aglionby, who has I see sent his vote to Lord Palmerston. Trinity will beat St. Johns.
+Believe me
+Most truly yours
+J. Wood
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I send you our report of today which is not very full, but still every little adds, and every day we hear of more Probables.
+My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Ellis T.F. of Triny & Aglionby of St Johns have just left us & taken many names & given us many suggestions
+I hear that Copleys Committee have left off applying to inceptors; the more reason why we should reap in that field.
+Can you tell me the direction of H. Southern of Triny whom you report as probable that I may write to him.
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I send you the address you ask for - Dr Chatfield is a member of Emmanuel, and Dr Forster of this College has no vote.
+Yrs very truly
+Thos Shelford
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I send you our report of today which makes up my list to 497 promises. I shall leave London on Wednesday night & be at Cambridge in time to set off at the proper hour on Thursday morning upon my calls. I have spoken to T.F. Ellis of Triny who has been a regular attendant here about the Senior Whigs & begged him to suggest to any of those whom he may fall in with that we should be glad to have their company here; He says that many of them have refrained from coming under the impression that their presence might tell both ways & might do me harm. I have begged him to assure them that on this occasion we act together on public principle & that their assistance can do me no harm but great good.
+My dear Sir
+yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+I send you Birch's note about Attwood by which you will see the mystery which is to be presumed as to his intentions.
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I add one to your list as you will see by the inclosed letter; but his distance is so great that I fear that we cannot much expect his appearance on the day of election.
+Most truly yours
+J. Wood
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Sends payment for part two of Stirpes Cryptogamae Oxoniensis and offers to subscribe to Gerard Edwards Smith’s work on the botany of southern Kent. Offers to send Smith specimens.
I have received the 2 d N o of y r Cryptog a & will send you the amount As you may direct– I shall be very Happy to subscribe to Mr Smith’s work & w d thank you to tell him so, tho’ I had already commissioned Prof Sedgwick here to say so– As Prof. S. may have forgotten (which is not unlikely) you may repeat the offer
I remain | Sir | Y r faithfully | J. S. Henslow
If Mr Smith wishes for specimens of the Althaea hirsuta, which I have found plentifully in Kent, in the situation mentioned by Turner & Dillwyn, I can send him some – & I think also that I have duplicate of the Mespilus cotoneaster figured in the last N o of the Flora Londinensis–
Mr Baxter | Botanic Garden | Oxford
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I shall start this evening & be in Cambridge early tomorrow for I know by experience that two good days will scarcely be sufficient to get through 60 calls, & I must be in town on Saturday to dine with the Duke of York.
+You may tell all the inquirers upon the subject of slavery that my deliberate opinions are decidedly adverse to the existence of such a condition as slavery in any part of the world over which we have any control; & that I think that Parliament ought to take every practicable step towards the extinction of slavery, and towards its extinction as rapidly as is consistent with a well understood regard for the slaves themselves. Upon the general principle I have no reserve; but of course I must reserve to myself the discretion of judging with respect to particular measures which may from time to time be proposed for the practical execution of that principle, whether they seem to be judiciously calculated to accomplish their purpose.
+My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+I have but little to add today to your list which however is a good one
+This was written at home in the morning but I find I was too modest in my statement as Sulivan had not sent you yesterdays acquisitions & Simons has brought us to the committee four votes Battley, Osborn, Roberts & Lambe.
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Lord Palmerston will dine with me this afternoon at 5 o'Clock, & I shall feel much gratified if you will meet him & a very small party of Johnians.
+Believe me
+My dear Sir
+sincerely yours
+J. Wood
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+You will have received this morning a very good days report, and I trust we are by no means at the end of our list.
+I have to return you thanks for your many communications and assure you that the correction of addresses (illeg) already proved of the greatest use.
+I take the liberty of putting under cover to you a rough book containing the greatest part of what now remains to be explored on the various points already referred.
I remain
+D Sir
+very faithfully yrs
+L. Sulivan
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Pray let the letter wh. accompanies this be franked if it can be managed conveniently. I have said a word or two in it wh. may have some effect & bring in a voter who at present appears adverse.
+Yrs faithfully
+W. Hustler
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+A thousand thanks for your two letters and the lists that accompanied them. Although I had some of the names mentioned in them already in my own catalogue and on good grounds too, of course I am glad to receive the confirmation afforded by their being now found in yours. We seem to going on pretty well - Here, however, I have been able to do nothing - I did hope to get to windward of Cripps for his 2d. vote but in vain. He seems determined to give it to Bankes. The vicar does the same with his, and says that we owe to the Duke of W. entirely his promising the first to Ld. P. The other clergymen of the place are vote-less, if I except Siverwright of Trinity who may be by this time an elector, although not now a star in the Inclose. I know nothing about him, but that I constantly see him in Anticatholick company.
I leave this place tomorrow, and shall be in Cambridge about the 20th. or 21st. If you can afford me another bulletin this week, merely put Revd. A. Carrighan Committee room, and I shall be sure to get it. Hole is still alive, & at the present moment a very little easier; but I imagine his case is a desperate one - kind rememberances to all friends,
+ever yrs
+Carrighan, A.
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I send you the report of votes gained & lost since I left Cambridge; & a letter for Sedgwick.
+We seem to be making progress, & if we can only keep up our motion I think we shall get into port.
+My dear Sir
+yrs very sincerely
+Palmerston
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+It is most highly gratifying to find that the Duke of Rutland remembers his staunch Friends the Johnians. Our progress is extraordinary. Silence was worshipped by the Romans as a Deity. I have no news; nor have I heard anything from others.
+Believe me my dear Sir
+Most truly Yours
+J. Wood
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have to thank you again for a pretty good list. The noble Lord not being yet arrived I am of course unacquainted with the accessions of the two last days.
+Birch of our College was here as I am told, yesterday to say that Lane (Charlton) of Jesus has written to a friend of his stating that no acknowledgment of his vote to Lord Palmerston he had determined to withdraw it and give it to Goulburn. If you can recollect (for I cannot) through whom his promise was given, it may not be too late to set this matter right.
On my arrival in London I found at the K.K.Club a letter from Fiolt asking me to do a thousand things for him, and dated as far back as the 2nd.instant. I hope he discovered my absence from Cambridge illeg (due to ripped page) enough to apply elsewhere. Of course I should gladly have done all he required.
+My present intention is to be at Cambridge next Monday or Tuesday but I cannot positively say that it will be so.
+Funds, I hear worse and worse this morning - down to 74.
+Kind rememberances to all.
+Ever yrs truly
+Carrighan, A.
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have not much to report today: only one vote for, and some of the adverse in the enclosed paper we knew before.
+My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+I was told yesterday in confidence by a person likely to know that last week Goulburn had not above 300 promises which he could depend upon
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I reply to your note of last evening - I send you the following directions
+Revd. Wm. Boldero
+Carlton
+Nr. Newmarket
+Revd. H. Wynch
+Winchelsea
+Sussex
+Mr. Canning's name is off the boards.
+Yours truly
+F. Henson
+Available under license only
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+You have conferred on me a great favor, in forwarding your interesting sermon, & equally interesting preface.
+The Bible is the only book to be studied, as to unfulfilled prophecy. And the spirit, in which for one reading it, is the best preparation for a right understanding of it. The great outline, I conceive, is perfectly plain. The filling up must be left to events as they shall arise. The Spirit of God, by the Word, is the teacher of the former. The Providence of God, by the Work, will make known the latter.
+The more we receive the Holy Scriptures in their plain, literal, & grammatical sense, the nearer we come to the truths they contain. When we come to parts which are figurative, we have only to ascertain the meaning of the figure, & we have then the literal meaning of the passage. And It is quite a mistake to suppose that every figurative passage must necessarily have a spiritual application. In this way the Jews have been improperly overlooked. I therefore perfectly agree with you in considering Rev. 20. 4, 5, 6, 12 as referring to literal resurrections.
As to our Blessed Lord’s return at the period of the Millenium, I have never found any one yet who has set aside the argument founded on 2 Thess. s 2.8. The coming there is much the same as in 1 Thess. s 2. 2. 19 – 3c13. 4c15. 5c23 & 2 Thess. s 2.1. It has been conjectured, that a forged letter led the Thessalonians to expect the immediate coming of the Lord, & not the first Epistle. I think the latter might naturally have made that impression. But, whichever, it was, the Apostle in 2. Thess. s 2.1-8 shews a certain event was to take place first, & then the Lord would come. He evidently synchronizes the Coming with the final destruction of the Man of Sin– This Man of Sin, in whatever final form he appear, whether Papal or Infidel, must be Daniel’s fourth or Roman Empire. May the Inhabitants of that Empire be awakened by the thought. May the Church of Christ arise & trim her lamps.
I observe you differ from some of my inferences. I assure you I pay such deference to your study of those parts of scripture that I shall be quite obliged by any part. On such subjects every Christian ought more readily & thankfully give up anything he has advanced, as soon as he perceives that it is not tenable. May the daily reading of the words of God both comfort & purify your heart & mine.
+I am |d r Sir |Y rs faithfully|W. Marsh
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+I send you a little better report today than yesterday
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Available under license only
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+I send our progress today; and a detailed report of the Liverpool notes which I shall be glad to have again; it is by Mr Moss a banker in Liverpool who is in London upon business - I have seen Dealtry of Clapham today. He will not promise his second vote (his first being engaged to Goulburn) but he thinks he shall vote for me, and so do I from his manner.
My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Available under license only
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+I have just seen Wilkinson Mathews of Trinity, who will give us his 2nd vote, if we are in danger of being beaten - his first he gives to Goulburn, and should we be safe, Copley is to have his 2nd.
+Tell Fiolt if I can make him any amends for being out of the way when he sent me his commissions to Cambridge, by doing any that he may have in this turn, I will execute them provided he sends them immediately - for on Tuesday by Jeb or by Fly, I shall flit Ca.
+If Hustler has any more commissions or if you have any, pray don't stand upon ceremony but send them to me
With respectful remembrances to the Master
+I remain,
+ever yrs,
+Carrighan, A.
+Available under license only
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+My brothers address is Southborough, Tunbridge
+Yrs very truly
+H.V. Elliott
+Available under license only
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+The Revd Henry Luxmoore is wholely adverse.
+The object of the inclosed letter is to procure if possible the 2nd.vote of Revd. C. Drage of Emman. illeg. His first is for Copley.
+Do we meet on Friday or this evg.
+Yrs Truly
+J. Wood
+Available under license only
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+S. P. Mansel's address is Bramdean Alresford
+Hants
+Yrs ever
+H. Tasker
+Available under license only
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+I am under some apprehension that I may not be able to reach the Committee tonight as I have promised to assist in examining the Press accounts. I may however be able to call in before you leave the Room
+Most truly yours
+J. Wood
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I send you two lists of names by adding the addresses to which you will do me a kindness and save the Tutors of Trinity & St. Johns a considerable trouble
+Yrs. most truly
+J. Griffith
+The sooner you do the job the better for me
+Available under license only
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+Lord P. is not here at present - when he comes, I will tell him what you say about Lane - I have seen Honeywood just now and find him quite right, but unwilling to promise till he has been personally canvassed by Ld. P. - He shall not be overlooked of course - Pray, let Peacock have the inclosed as soon as you can.
+If you see my nephew or W. Hustler or Fiolt, be so good as to say that I shall be at home on Tuesday afternoon
+Mrs. Watson is looking wonderfully better for her journey.
+The Oxford contest is over, Wetherall having really taken flight or rather fright - The city is angry with him some say that after all an attempt will be made to put up Canning, if not now, certainly at the Gl. Election.
+Things seem a little better in the City today
+ever yrs
+Carrighan, A.
+I have heard but of one promise today- that of Alr Wallace Trn. Coll. Rd. Jackson Caius, for Copley - R.Earle Copley as you know & probably, Palmerston
+Available under license only
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+I send you this days produce, & in another cover which I have left by accident in Stanhope Street & will inclose when I get home. You see we continue to make daily advances & as long as this continues we may hope for success - Bankes told a friend of mine & his, six weeks ago that he then had 500 promises, I think he must have been using his travelling privilege. I believe he is now in Dorsetshire canvassing for his father
+My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Will you let me know whether Mr. Winn has a vote, I think he was a Johnian;
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+I was informed a few days since by a letter from Graham of the failure of y r kind exertions to procure for me an extension of service, and I w. d not have you think me more tardy in thanking you for them than if their result had been favourable. Feeling therefore well assured of y. r having done every thing that was expedient & that kindness could prompt, I shall summon up my philosophy, & consider my loss in some sort a gain in proving me possessed of so good a friend as yourself.– It seems now probable (that is unless somebody leaves me in the meantime a whacking fortune) that I shall be compelled to have recourse to the funds of the Philos: Soc: to meet the expences of the removal of my Collections destined for that Lady to England. I mean that after having done so, I shall look to them for renumerating the charges of packing Cases, Jars, Spirits &c &c– Indeed in my present circumstances I could not with prudence venture on the charges of such a removal unless with the certain prospect of renumeration for all such expences. You will probably be able to ascertain this point for me, w. ch ascertained, will leave me at far greater liberty in collecting than I conceive myself at present authorized to exercise. A collection of the Fishes, for instance cannot be formed without considerable expence, w. ch I cannot undertake on my own account. Observe I do not request & would not accept anything in the form of a subscribed salary for the purpose of collecting (call it pride if you like), but what I want is a sort of carte blanche to incur a few expences for the Society as well as a prospect of renumeration for what I may incur in transmitting to them my present & future private Collections intended ultimately for their acceptance. It must therefore be clearly understood that any funds raised for this purpose are to be claimed on the ground of promoting the interests of the Cam. Phil. Soc: – not on those of private friendship or well-wishing to myself; for on such I say beforehand I w. d
+ on no account accept them.
I have been working without intermission all Winter at my Fauna & Flora, but matter grows so on my hands God knows when I shall get through with it. Fresh plants turn up every day & often new ones. I have lately rec. d a splendid packet from the Canaries. Tell L. Jenyns that I conclude from his silence after a year or more that the few insects I sent him were beneath his notice & therefore I need not trouble him with more.
With kind remembrances to M rs. H. & all friends
Believe me | y rs ever truly| R.T. Lowe
[P.S.] The only thing I send you this time is a jar of the Spadices with ripe fruit of Cycas revoluta. I am also sending one to Dr. Hooker for publication with a drawing of the plant. It goes by the Brig Comet Capt. Armston. –Agent Owners – Mitchell & Co. 23. Threadneedle Str. t–
[page 1] If I am to make a collection of the fishes I must have proper jars & cases from England. A cask will not do here. Too many together soon spoil. And it will be necessary ultimately to place them separately in jars; therefore by far the best plan if the Soc. Will bear the expence w d be to have a sufficient quantity of proper jars sent out by them. At least they might send sufficient to hold the rarer or new species say 30 or 40 good large glass jars of different sizes.
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+I send you the paper which I had not time to send on Saturday
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Dr Ingles proposal of giving a second vote to Goulburn is tantamont to making of no avail that which he gives to me as the contest will lie between Goulburn and me. I think your suggestion as the means of conveyance would be the best. Some additional means of transport must be provided or the Poll must be left open for a longer time than usual.
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+Our committee assembled this morning, & I am authorised to confer with you on the subject of travelling expenses &c.
+Whenever you are disposed to enter on this question I shall be most happy to contribute my endeavours to put an end to the practice which has brought so much discredit upon the University.
+Believe me to be
+Yours most truly
+J. Griffith
+Available under license only
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+As you request me to inform you of my intentions (which I wd rather have kept secret) respecting the Cambridge Election & particularly whether adverse or favourable to Lord Palmerston I beg to say that had Ld. P. voted differently upon the particular question you allude to I shd. have been happy to have given him my support (shd. my presence in Cambridge not be dispensed with) But as it is I cannot think of voting for a supporter of the Catholiks especially as a University Member. As I before informed my friend Mr. Lukin who called on me by Lord Ps desire. I cannot answer for any other person's intentions except Wynch who means to give Bankes a plumper. Mr. Bankes called lately on me & as one of my own County & his opinions I shd. be glad to support if I am obliged to attend the Cambridge Election. But though we happen to differ on Election Business I trust that on subjects of Nat. Hist. we shall coincide better. I received a letter from Mr. Miller of Bristol lately who says Mr. Bulmer has left Dublin & has been with his family at Bristol & left him last Saturday (prior to Dec. fourteen. 1825) for Falmouth & goes again from thence to Madeira & Lisbon to be back in 3 Months or at least in the Month of May. During his last residence in Madeira he collected much and brought nearly 50 packages of specimens to England some of which are now at the Institution to be opened when he returns among these are a great many fish &c in spirits. Mr. Miller has now collectors in almost all parts of the world & hopes during the present year to get a great many things. He is now commencing the rearrangement of his Insects & hopes to attend to it next summer. He has this moment seen a fine Papilio from Whale Island Capt Parry & hopes to send me one soon.
If you have seen Mr. Kirleys paper in Capt. Parrys Voyage you will find that he mentions that only 6 species of insects were found in Melville Island vs - 1 Bombyx Sabini (alias Geom. trepidaria ?), 2 Bombus Araticus, 3 Ctenophora Parrii, 4 Chironomus Borealis? 5 a Spider & 6 a larva of a Laria
When Curtis & I were at Edinburgh College Museum we saw a box of insects presented by Mr. Fisher from Arctic Regions in which were 3 Papilios allied somewhat to Melitaea selene or Dia, several Bombyx allied to Dispar α fasaelina (one of each Curtis & I obtained i.e. Dispar ? α fasaelina ?) several Tipulae, Muscae &c but very badly preserved. I am glad you & I agree very well on Curtis's work & I hope he will find encouragement sufficient to continue it. But it will be a worth of time before finished. Denny I hear will soon publish his monograph on Scydmaesiidae &c I paid my subscription 2 or 3 years ago. When will Stephens's & Haworth's come out???
+If I go to Cambridge I most likely shall pay Whittlesea, Gamlingay &c a visit- but I have so many expeditions chalked out that I do (illeg) not know which to visit first - viz- Bala Lake & Mountains North Wales - Devonshire- Sussex- Manchester & Cumberland &c if I gain any information respecting rarities of which I have left directions in my way from the North - I took Hydrometra with wings at Rydal water - & many insects in Scotland which I hope you will see some account of by Curtis before many months - But I may reckon Geom Lepidaria, Populata, Caesiata Blandina male & Ligea female) Typhon & Artaxerxes & many others. & I have some plants at your service but not dried in good order - In a former letter dated Nov. 28. 1820. you said "I have not been in Kent this summer since June & so the Conocephali have had a respite this season - but I will not forget you when I next fall in with them" I suppose you will understand this hint I hear also it has been found near Bristol but cannot obtain any more than the bad one I had from Bulmer. By the bye what do think of Bingleii? I have not heard of its reappearance & I am not likely to meet with again as I have let my farm in Hants to Lord Malmesbury.
Altho the larvae of Atropos has been abundant all over the Kingdom I have only had one good male & a crippled male & female, other larvae died before my return. Every place I visited & every person I heard from mentioned the abundance of them at Glasgow College Museum & do. Edinburgh do. Keswick do. Kendal do. Manchester do. Worcester do. Bristol &c &c &c. At Keswick Museum I saw Antiopa Sph.convolvuli Atropos &c & I thought Mnemon wasted but it proved only Hyperanthus. I have the promise of Geom. conversaria &c &c from Devonshire. I do not know what is the matter with Stephens & the London collectors they all are so silent.
+Now I must conclude
+Yours truly & entomologically
+J.C. Dale
+A new Argynnis taken at Ipswich
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+I have a made a longer call this morning than I expected & fear I may have detained your servant. The account is favourable in one respect that Ld. Palmerston's voters in this list support Copley. Believe me
+Most truly yours
+J. Wood
+I am preparing to go down to Waterbeach
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I fear I can give you very little information respecting my neighbours intentions at the ensuing election. The Luxmoores I think will all vote for Copley & Bankes, Salwey probably for Copley. As to myself though I cannot conscientiously vote for Ld.P. I do not feel myself bound to vote against him, shall therefore remain where I am a mere spectator of your proceedings.
I am very busy at present & no doubt you are the same, so having no news of any sort I shall only add without more ado that,
+I remain as ever
+Your affec. friend
+W. Clive
+Available under license only
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+I am engaged tonight, but if tomorrow night will suit you pray send me word to that effect.
+Yrs. most truly
+J. Griffith
+Available under license only
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+I send you the report of today. The four last full pledged votes were sent me by the Duke of Rutland
+My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+The report is certainly very good; Sir E. Antrobus is I think already registered, and you may set down his brother G. Antrobus esqre. as probable.
+Believe me
+very truly yours
+J. Wood
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have to add to our list of promises,
+Hope Thos Henry Esq - Triny
+Drewe Fred. Esq - Triny
+Duncumb Rev John - Triny
+_____________
+Mema
+(illeg) Revd Wm - Bankes & Goulb
+Valentine Rev - Copley & probably P.
+My dear Sir
+yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Many thanks for your communications. The additions must now be slow, & chiefly from the probables.
+Believe me
+Very truly yours
+J. Wood
+Available under license only
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+I assure you you are not more disappointed than myself at our not meeting at the Raian dinner. I trust that the next time you are in London I shall not be disappointed again– I am always home, except on Mondays, from 12 to 4; and it will be particularly agreeable to me if you will do me the honour to call on me. Many thanks for your papers which I am sure I shall find highly useful. I am so entirely a novice at Lecturing that every hint is serviceable to me.
+The list of Errata is just what I wish every body would furnish; this would enable me to make the 2 nd edition more perfect. The chief blemish of the present arises from the dropping of letters by the printers in the act of stenotyping. But these are all obvious, except Lolium the gen. ch. of which was completely taken up from Linn , and is very bad, though not wholly unintelligible–
But I do not quite agree in all your criticism e.g. θυμελαια will not give Thymelea but Thymelaea– and σκληρος will not make Schlerochloa but Sclerochloa – Is it not so–
Believe me My Dear Sir | Yours very truly |John Lindley
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+The Rev.J.W. Thirlwall has promised his vote to Lord Palmerston but he states that it is the intention of his brother also Mr. Connor Thirlwall of Trinity to vote in the same way. i.e. for no one else till Lord P's term is secured.
+Yrs truly
+T. Hornbuckle
+Available under license only
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+The Master of Corpus has just been here to say that he is authorised by Mr. Goulburn to confer with us on the subject of Election Expenses &c, & wishes us both to drink tea with him this evening at seven to discuss this matter. Write to me whether you can or cannot go.
Yrs ever
+J. Griffith
+Available under license only
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+I send you a report which shows we are still creeping on - Bankes was asked yesterday by Sir Sandford Graham whether he meant to go to the Poll, & he said that nothing but Death should prevent him from doing so; If I do not said he you may set me down as a Liar. This I think good news.
+My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+I have just been presenting the University Petition about Colonial Slavery & have expressed my full & entire concurrence with its sentiments
+Available under license only
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+I am much mortified that I did not meet you last night. On my return from a Press meeting I found a bundle of Examination papers on my table which put everthing else out of my head. I have just seen Revd. I.J.Cooke of St.Johns who is a plumper.
+G.Blamire Esqure of St. Johns votes for Copley and Bankes.
+Most truly yours
+J.Wood
+Available under license only
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+I have been so busy with Army Estimates of late that I have been unable to make you any Reports. I now send you a batch of votes.
+The Attorney Genl goes down to make havoc among the Inceptors on Friday I could easily come down for a day on Saturday or on any day afterwards if it were thought useful for me to do so
+My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+Discusses inability to vote for the University as he and his brother have taken their names off the Boards; he has votes for Palmerston only.
+I regret that your letter should have remained so long unanswered but my absence from London must plead my excuse. You are correct in supposing I had no vote for the University, both my brother & myself have taken our names off the Boards.
+If I should ever come to Cambridge you may rely on my finding you out & I trust you will not stay in London without paying me a visit at Dulwich
+believe me yrs very truly
+Jefferys T. Allen
+Have votes for Lord Palmerston only
+Available under license only
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+I think Lord Palmerston should come down for a day or two as soon as possible. Have you entered the vote of the Revd H. Wilkinson of St. Johns? He is with us.
+I am glad to see Mr W Jenkins's vote. This is a very strong indication of Dr Frewen's intentions.
+Most truly yours
+J. Wood
+Can you dine in the hall today?
+Available under license only
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+The Master of Jesus has been appointed by Mr Bankes's Committee to meet us respecting the matter of expenses at the University election, & he will be here today at twelve o'Clock. I hope you will be able to Illeg illeg meeting at that hour
+Yours very truly
+J. Lamb
+Available under license only
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+I send you another little detachment; & set off for Cambridge this evening
+my dear Sir
+Yrs Sincerely
+Palmerston
+Available under license only
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+Will you have the goodness (page ripped) own Candidates hand in franking the inclosed letters. I understand he is to be at your house this evening.
Yours very truly
+Richd Crawley
+Available under license only
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+Thank you for you nice & useful Catalogue of British Plants & for your letter of the 10 th of May. I am gratified too with the prospect of your coming to Scotland & of my thus being able to make your personal acquaintance. I wished to have done so two months ago when I spent some time in England. I hoped to have gone by Oxford & have returned by Cambridge. The former I accomplished. The latter I could not:- for as usual, I found myself much hurried immediately previous to coming away from London. … Graham who spent a few days with me last week told me of the plan you had in view for visiting Scotland. My excursions to the Highlands with the Students will be the latter end of June. It depends upon the Sacrament of the Parish in which the Lectures are given, which I think is necessarily a vacation from the duties of the Class. This year I shall start on the 23 d (tuesday.) We go down the Clyde to Dumbarton to breakfast:― Take the public conveyance to Balloch at the lower end of Loch Lomond & get the steamer to take us to the head of the Lake by 2 in the afternoon. Then, we are only 26 miles from Killin, where there is accommodation for our party, & that distance we have usually walked: but I think I shall order some sort of vehicles to meet us & convey us the last ten or 12 of these miles. Killin as you know is at the head of Loch Tay & at the foot of some of the best of the Breadalbane Mountains. We ascend the nearest on wednesday.— take Ben Lawers perhaps on the thursday. Some other one in the vicinity on the friday & return on the Saturday. I expect our friend Wilson of Warrington will be here unless, poor fellow, he should have a fit of the Blue d—ls. He is an extraordinary man both in disposition & mental powers: & I really think the very acutest British Botanist we now have. But so tormented by hypochondriasis that he makes himself miserable for weeks together. M r. Christy too is coming from London & they too probably will stop a few days longer than I can do, tied as I am to my Class. So that, if you choose it, you can devote more time to the Breadalbane M ts– & you cannot do it under better auspices than those of M r. Wilson. Douglas too I expect will be here & M r. Arnott of Edinburgh.
I hope you will continue to be here at the time. Brown has promised to come in the Autumn: but he has often promised to do before; & not performed his promise. We never can be sure of him.
+I will write at once to Drummond that he may prepare a set in 2 vol s. 4 to of his Maps of N. America. The price is 3 g s.—260 or 270 kinds:— & most beautiful! He has more orders than he can immediately supply & this book will soon be a great rarity.
Plate 25 of Bot. Miscellany was omitted by mistake & will be given extra with Part II. This is one of several blunders committed by being in Scotland while the book was got up in London. N r. 2 & all the rest will be published here. The Engravings for N o. 2 are all ready & the first sheet is already printed. In speaking of our friend Lowe, "Cryptogamma" aut to have been Gymnogamma.
+
I wish I could offer you a bed when you come to Glasgow, but I fear my small house will be full. You will find the Royal Hotel I think the most comfortable here, or the George Hotel (Hutton's)
+Yours ever my dear Sir, most truly & faithfully | W. J. Hooker
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+Lord Palmerston is to dine with me at 6 today. Should you have no other engagement & can excuse so short a notice, I should be most happy to have the pleasure of your company to meet him. I was not aware till late yesterday that I was to to have the honor of Ld's P's company, or I should have sent this invitation earlier
+Yrs very truly
+W.P. Spencer
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+I hope it is sometime tomorrow morning that we are to meet, in order to consult upon the best mode of proceeding respecting the conveyances &c. Let me know.
Yrs. most truly
+J. Griffith
+Available under license only
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+I have no wish whatever to alter the time appointed. I was not aware that Tuesday Evening had been fixed
+Yrs most truly
+J. Griffith
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+The spirit of the two last sentences is I think the same & the former might do for a man disposed not to cavil. But do not you think the latter less liable to objection?
+Pray send me back your opinion, & the Paper.
+Ever yours
+J. Griffith
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have taken the liberty of suggesting some trifling verbal alterations in the enclosed draught of advertisement. I propose to substitute "lately resorted to" for the words as they stood, for I really doubt whether in my contest any onlooker received anything on account of travelling expenses; we certainly engaged some of the Stages from London and a certain number of Post Horses at each place between Cambridge & London but in many cases I believe the voters paid, each for this part of their journey, & were meant to do so in all cases. The London Committee have only given tickets which intitled the bearers to admission into the coaches or to the hire of the Horses so secured --- I have certainly a vague recollection that in one or two particular cases some little assistance was given to persons from distant parts of the country but I doubt whether these cases even exceeded the dual & got into the plural number.
My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Available under license only
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+I give you full authority to put my name to that or any other paper that you may think proper.
+I quite forgot to answer your letter soon. Sorry that I cannot yet get you a fork but D the expense put it down to the committee.
Shall return to Cambridge Wednesday but no more from loving friend to command
+Marmaduke Ramsay
+You may also put Braughams name if you like, being a fellow perhaps he aught to be considered as resident
+Available under license only
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+I have received two letters on the subject of our discussion - but by no means satifactory to our views. Will you come here at ten, & in 5 minutes I can tell you the purport of them.
+Yours most truly
+J. Griffith
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I much approve the disinterestedness of the In-voters of the University in prescribing terms to the Out-voters- that they should bear their own expenses at the ensuing election; seeing that the said In-voters will in no wise be effected by so generous a regulation. I wish the Out-voters may not consider the measure in this point of view otherwise that I am afraid that on this question the In-voters will out-voted. Perhaps it maybe worthwhile still further to shew the disinterestedness of the In-voters by making an amendment to the measure in the second edition vs. "that the In-voters shall bear their share of the aggregate of the expenses incurred by the out-voters". This however is an amendment I would suggest rather for the sake of uniformity that one to which I would subscribe my name.
But jesting apart, it appears to me that the measure you have adopted, although exceedingly proper & indeed necessary to the good name of the University, had better have emanated from the Committees that from the resident members. For it is possible that the non-residents may take umbradge at this recommendation from the residents by which they themselves apparently are not affected.
+But this has no doubt been duly considered by the proper authorities: and as the resolution is certainly good & indeed indispensable, you have my permission to add to your list the name of
+yours very truly
+Charles Green
+Pray tell Ramsay to let Mrs Langham know that I shall be in Coll on Saturday
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+I have very many apologies to make to you for having been so long silent & for not having replied to several letters which I have received from you, but the real fact is that I have been so much occupied by an accumulation of official business which had been growing up while I had been engaged with my canvass & afterwards with my Estimates in Parliament, & I have also had so much to do in attending the House of Commons not only in the evening, but in the morning at several Committees of which I have been a member that I really have put off from day to day various matters to which I ought to have attended, & among others thanking you for your communications.
+I wrote a few days ago to the Vice Chancellor upon the subject to which your publication relates & I trust that my letter has been thought satisfactory; I think that under all circumstances it would be better that I should not frank copies of the Pamphlet as it might perhaps be construed by Bankes & his friends as too active an interference on my part in a matter in which as a candidate I ought only to be acquiescent & passive and as we receive support from some who make Bankes also their object I had better perhaps avoid giving any of his friends a pretence for withdrawing.
+I am going to get to work again at Cambridge affairs next week. It is quite clear that the election will be before the Commencement & that we must not count upon inceptors; ommitting them, I have on my list 609 votes, of these at least 90 will probably not be present but against them maybe set an equal number who will vote for us but whose names we have not yet got and I think we may fairly reckon upon polling from 600 to 620 votes as our canvass at present stands.
+I should say that in all probability 650 votes polled would do, but much less than that number would I think be doubtful.The lawyers are returned & some friends of mine are in Town & we shall turn to it next week & see what can be made out of the undeclared voters.
+My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
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+I shall prepare the parcel for Mr. Jermyn this evening and take my chance of seeing him tomorrow. The supplement to Mont. is out therefore I can only send the dictionary itself. I was so very idle on Monday that I could do nothing but draw the little Sphaerium magnified. It had produced abundance of young which I also drew magnified. It can walk like the Planorbes upon the underpart of the surface of the water. I never saw a Bivalve do so before. Calvert and I intend to visit Mr. Brocklebank early on Thursday and then continue our ride to Swaffham as he wishes to call upon Mr. Jermyn. I dare say that I shall find time to call at Bottisham before one in my way back therefore prepare a magnificent suite of all the desiderata. I have written a long, very long, letter to Mr. Lyons, ordered the Birds from Leadbeatter, struck out all the foreign shells, not looked into my divinity etc etc.
+Execute the following commissions for me.
+Tell Mrs. Jenyns –
+That I saw a carriage yesterday, (Monday) turn out of Bridge street into Jesus lane.
+That I have examined the 3 Ton lid of the Sarcophagus which is decidedly good and (which she will be delighted to hear) that it contains very large crystals of felspar.
+Tell Miss J. that I can learn nothing concerning Mons. Alexandré.
+Tell Miss Harriet that Schiller's works are in 12 volumes and that I have sent 3, but that if this is not enough I will forward an additional supply – and also say – that Miss Benger's Queen of Scots is ordered but has not yet arrived.
Believe me | yours ever sincerely | J.S. Henslow
+I have sent a few dupes and yr. container. I have just been looking at the small Sphaerium wh. I got 2 yrs. ago, for the sake of completing my series and to my surprize I find it perfectly distinct from that wh. we got at Swaffham. It is much better and more like the young of corneum [Drawing]
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+My last letter has ‘ere this reached you & anticipated in some sort what I now have to say in reply to y r. most welcome one of the 10 th of May rec. d this Morning. But this must not prevent my instant acknowledgement of it, both to repeat my warmest thanks to yourself, & to state more clearly the grounds on w. ch I shall gratefully & thankfully accept this substantial testimony of y. r friendly exertions. – This sum of 56£ it appears has been raised by a private appeal to the good wishes & interest of personal friends: – & though this may make it in some lights ten times more gratifying to me than w d its coming from any other source, yet it produces scruples w.ch must & I think you will agree with me ought to outweigh this very pleasing consideration.
My last letter was written before any knowledge of circumstances, but in consequence of an expression in a letter of Mr. Graham’s to Porter, w ch lead me to suspect the nature of y. r kind plans in my behalf to be something in the shape of a private subscription, instead of a fund raised by the Philos: Soc: to be applied through me for their benefit in scientific pursuits. With nothing further than a suspicion of this sort, I did not in that letter think myself authorized to obtrude upon you my private circumstances; I therefore stated though not (I beg you to believe me) seriously, & without better reasons, that I was too proud to receive assistance on any such terms. Y. r letter however , (if I do not egregiously misunderstand it) obliges me now to be more explicit.– It is true that my means are very limited; yet such as they are I am enabled by them & my own exertions to meet all immediate & necessary expenditure with comfort & I trust respectability. All I owe in the world is no very large sum, & the whole of that is a balance due for my Cambridge expences. The present transaction assures me that the delay of its settlement has not forfeited for me in that place the esteem of my friends. The continuance of Mr. Shaw’s kindness to w. ch I owe first this indulgence, authorises me to hope that this backwardness has not been considered voluntary on my part; & this is what most concerns me. I have a very good prospect that a short time will enable me to clear off even this incumbrance.– These are not the circumstances w. ch call for the pecuniary assistance of friends or authorize me to make use of it. It is possible my pride may be the unworthy motive at the bottom, but I must state positively, that I could not conscientiously in my present circumstances, & therefore most certainly will not receive such assistance unless [ill.del.] compel me.
+
The means I progress, as I have stated, enable me with prudence to allow myself every comfort. But on the other hand, they do not allow me to incur any extraneous expences on my own account, or on that of my nearest connexions; – much less will they permit or authorize me to incur them on account of others who have no such particular claims. I can live here quietly at home well & completely enough, but I cannot make excursions or undertake projects or form large collections on my own account much less on that of others. If therefore the members of the Philos: Soc: or a part of them have sufficient confidence in me to think it worth while to allow me to account to you or any one else verbatim for the expenditure of 50 or 60£ employed by me in the necessary expences of excursions about the Island &c & all other expences attending the collections w. ch I am wishing to deposit with them, I think I can venture to say their sum will be advantageously & most scrupulously so applied to me. I certainly intended for them the little I have hitherto had the means of collecting; but with this liberal assistance, I shall be able to double all I have yet had it in my power to do. The North side of the Island w. ch is the most promising & least explored, I have as yet had small means of examining & sh. d delight in devoting this Summer to it: & the Desertas have never yet been effectually explored. On the strength of yr. communication I shall do this next month.
I must not go farther than explain to you the grounds – the only grounds on w. ch I can appropriate this sum. It will be for you to undertake the best way of explaining them to the friends who have so liberally come forward. I feel this most perfect reliance in yr. judgment as to the best mode of doing this by making what use you think right of this letter. It is however I feel written too much in the shape of a private confidential communication to a friend, & perhaps too egotistically to be of any further use than to put you in possession of my own feelings. Sh. d you think it necessary to show it to any one, M r. Graham knows probably enough of circumstances to enter into my motives & to consult with you as to the best mode of acting: for w. ch purpose if you think fit you can show him this letter.
Forgive my encroaching so much on yr. patience. If, once again, you can so arrange matters, that this fund may be clearly understood to be devoted to the benefit of the Philos: Soc: as well as of myself, & that I may consider myself consequently as under an obligation to account to them for every item of its expenditure, I shall dismiss my scruples & feel truly obliged for my share in the benefit. I must beg that it may be clearly explicitly understood the sum is contributed mainly to benefit & extend the Collections of the Philos: Soc:–
If matters can be arranged upon these terms, I wish you w. d pay into the hands of Mess. rs Hopkinson’s Regent Str.. 25£ on Mr Leacock’s acc
+
+ t
+
+ for my use as soon as possible. This will set me for the present quite at liberty, & I am most anxious to be so as soon as possible not to lose the Summer.
Before concluding I sh’d wish to say something to confess more fully how very sensibly I feel the content of y. r kindness in having thus exerted yourself in no very agreeable task in my behalf; & to add that I am only in one degree less grateful for the support you have rec. d from other friends. In regard to yrself & those who know me well, I have no fear that anything I may have said sh. d be attributed to ingratitude or other unworthy motives; but in regard to others, I entreat most earnestly you will act so for me as to guard effectually ag. st
+ this imputation.
Believe me ever | Y. rs sincerely | R.T. Lowe
[P.S.] Do tell L. Jenyns again I wish very much he w d write me some account of the few Insects I sent him. I forget whether there was a list with them or whether they were numbered; but I shall easily make out what his names refer to. My friend & main prop in Entomology– Dr Heineken, has just commenced a correspondence with Latreille. Kind regards to M. rs Henslow.
I think you were overcharged for the Postage of y. r letters. Mine from Derby or Nott. m are only 2/8 Y. rs is marked 3/8.–
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+I must beg of you not to print the letter which I wrote to the Master of Corpus. I must also take the liberty of objecting to the extracts which I forwarded to the Master of Corpus, extracts from letters addressed to me, being printed, unless the sanction of the writers of them be previously obtained.
+Believe me
+dear Sir
+very truly yours
+J. Procter
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I beg to acknowledge, with my thanks, the receipt of your note, dated yesterday, & of the pamphlet which accompanied it
+I remain Dear Sir Yr. very obedt.Sert.
+W. French
+Available under license only
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+I send you my book corrected up to the latest returns, & shall be glad to have it back again as soon as you can return it to me. I still think the Election will be in the first or second week in June.
+I mean to send out a second letter to all those whose intentions have not been decidedly ascertained as to both their votes, & when it is lithographed I will send you some copies to Cambridge in case any of the Committee should be able to use them as they did the former letter.
+Goulburn thinks himself stronger than Bankes and both will certainly go to the Poll.
+My dear Sir
+Yrs faithfully
+Palmerston
+If you have any additions to make to this list either as to promises or adverse votes I wish you would send them to me on a separate piece of paper that I may ascertain them at once without a comparison of the whole list
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+I send you a few votes
+Yrs Sincerely
+Palmerston
+Available under license only
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+I send you some reports, and a memorandum. I shall write myself to Mr Adams
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Creevey the M.P. says he shall vote for me; but query he has a vote to give?
+Available under license only
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+Rev Birch. The latter states that the Revd R. P. Adams (Sidney) is about to return to his College & if you have any friend there, Revd. Adams' vote would probably be ensured, that gentlemens expressed opinion being "that the present members should be supported"
+Available under license only
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+Will you be so good as to inclose this letter to Mr Sulivan in the next packet you send to Ld Palmerston,
+yrs truly
+R. Tatham
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+as the time is now drawing near when a dissolution of Parliament may be expected I trust that you will not think that I am intruding upon you too much if I renew the solicitation in my letter of 13 Decr. last, and if I again express my ernest request to be allowed to hope for the honour of your support at the ensuing election for the University of Cambridge
+I have the honor to be
+Sir
+Your very obedient
+Humble Servant
+Palmerston
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I ought long since to acknowledge the receipt of your letter enclosing the statement respecting the paying the expenses of candidates but I have been till lately been numbed (?) by the illness of some of my family.
+As the time of the probable dissolution approaches we are endeavouring to revive our committee proceedings, which have necessarily been sometime at a stand. I am sorry to have an immence mass of unascertained votes. I am sending you the extract of these names - from which we have as positive answer as who seem to have a vote open. Ld P. wishes your committee would put in the margin anything you know opposite the names. There are many corrections that might be made here if we detained the papers for further checking but it is not worthwhile to do this- as you will readily set us right- I send them divided for more easy reference
Most truly yours
+Law Sulivan
+Be so kind, as you proceed to mark the Inceptors who are put into these lists
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+The inclosed is from Mr Lushington from the Treasury. Jonathan Paine I can make nothing of he is plumper for Conley & one of his committee; But how is the master of Corpus would he ask Mr Glossop to vote for me or for Goulburn?
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Return me the inclosure as it is confidential
+Available under license only
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+I sent a reply to your letter respecting the Paper in your last Number which you have probably not seen, or possibly may have sent off to L. Jenyns – you will therefore find it in one of the two; but I marked the one containing the note with your initials.
With reference to the contents of your kind letter of the 7 th inst. t I return you my thanks; for the fact is, as I stated to L. Jenyns (who also kindly offered to assist me) that for the next few weeks I want all the cash I can muster, not only to relieve me from the exigency to which Churchill’s has temporarily reduced me, but with the purpose of moving into my new residence which I propose doing the end of the present month– if therefore you can with perfect convenience to yourself advance me £30, [ill. del.] I can decidedly promise to return it on the 26
+
+ th
+
+ December next (if not earlier).
+
I am sorry you are not likely to visit London in the course of next week but I still hope for the pleasure of your company to dinner (as mentioned to L.J.) on your return though as you mention it will be twds the end of the month, it is most possible that you will not find me here but at “the Hermitage”, South Lambeth, (a delightful entomological spot) where I hope to spend many years, & to be quietly seated in about 10 days.
My Catalogue will be out on Monday I ha have a complete fair copy at last.
& believe me to remain | yours very truly | J. F. Stephens
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+I send you a number of ascertained votes of which I am sorry to say few are favourable, & I fear Our M.P. supporters will shortly be obliged to go off to their own elections; however I reckon about 630 promises besides Inceptors whom of course I do not count and I still think that we shall succeed.
+What arrangements do you & my friends at Cambridge think best as to conveyances & accommodation at Cambridge. The best plan would be for the candidates all to agree to keep the roads from London open for all voters.
+My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Available under license only
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+Has Dinman MP a vote or not? & has Creevey a vote?
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Available under license only
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+I shall immediately have prepared a Circular announcing that the Election will be on the 13th 14th & 15th of June & ernestly urging attendance - I send you in another cover some additional reports of votes ascertained. The state of my Poll Book tonight is
+Supposing that we have 50 defaulters we may probably be able out of the 133 Plumpers to obtain 60 additional votes by exchange and this would give us a Poll of 671. We may however hope between this time & the Election to get 29 more votes & thus to make up our number to 700. If we can Poll 700 we shall do, perhaps 650 might win, but I should fear that a less number than that would come third upon the list.
+In what respect have the Attorney General's Committee been disappointed of late? Is is that friends of ours who have promised him upon condition that I am safe venture to think that contingency not yet arrived, or is it that the Committee having, as I know they have in some cases, put down a man as voting for Copley who never intended to do so. Explanations have taken place which have reduced the number of their promises.
+I suspect they are playing a game by their anger; They have done nothing but manoeuvre all along. They expected me to be perfectly safe when I had not six votes and neither they nor I knew whether I should turn a hundred; They gave out this to induce my friends at once to pledge their second votes. Then they said that I & Copley understood each other, and now they say that I am canvassing against him & urging my friends to withdraw their second votes from him - and as a proof of this they mentioned the name of a person who they said had withdrawn his vote from Copley at my request, but who, as it happens, at the very beginning of the canvass & before he had received my first letter wrote to tender me his vote, & assured me that he would not give a second to my prejudice to any of the other candidates and with whom I have had no communication for the last three months; But depend upon it their only object is to bully us out of our second votes, & we should be unwise I think to give way & anything like a coalition would tell as much against us as for us; It would disgust the Whigs who are now most zealous & will certainly come up and would probably keep them all away. I have no fear of any coalition between Copley & Bankes it cannot be. Copley's second votes we shall have by individual exchanges which is the only safe way of getting them, but we must not mind the anger of his friends which in fact is only a symptom of his being weaker that they pretended. But if you hear me accused of canvassing against him I wish you to say upon my authority that I have certainly from the beginning of the contest endeavoured to get as many plumpers as possible, & I imagine every other candidate has done the same as Copley included; & that I have done so because I stand on the defensive, and plumpers are my best security, but that I have never in any one instance asked a friend who had promised a second vote to another candidate to withdraw that promise, and that consequently none of the other three candidates has any right to say that I have been acting hostilely towards him.
With respect to conveyances I have taken three coaches the Telegraph the Lynn and another, for the three days, but I shall not engage any Post Horses, in fact they are no use, as they are given to the first comer whichever candidate he travels for; The coaches will be useful as they will secure the means of conveyance for a certain number of persons.
+My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
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+I have heard from Carrighan who begs me to tell you that he has made it his business "to see as many of our friends as possible with a view to incite them not to fail us also that some of the Attorney General's friends say that Lord Palmerstons supporters are canvassing for plumpers against him (the Attorney) & that consequently they must for themselves plump for their Friend. Surely this has not been done & ought not to be done".
+Carrighan will be in Town a few days longer I believe & his address will be 8 Blenheim St. Bond St. if you want to write to him
+Yours faithfully
+W. Hustler
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+I reply to yours recd. this morng. Mrs Ekin desires me to say that she will certainly forwd. your voters without delay by your writing to her stating what number of horses you wish to engage.
I am Yr. Mo. Obt. Servt.
+Jas. Howson
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+In answer to your favour recd. this morning I beg leave to inform you that at present I have not had any application for my horses. Should Ld Palmerstons Committee think proper to engage my horses or any part of them I must request the favour of an answer from you immediately to enable me to give an answer to any other application I may be favoured with from the other candidates.
+I am Rev Sir
+Your obe. hble. st.
+M. Rance
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+In answer to your letter this morning I have the honor to inform you that I have every reason to believe that Ld. Palmerston has engagd my horses. I expect an answer to that effect tomorrow. I was applied to by his Lordship last Thursday, & shall hold my horses in readiness accordingly; I am anxiously waiting for Ld. P's arrangement with Mr. Monk of Waltham Cross, as soon as I receive it I will communicate to you.
+I am Revd. Sir
+your dutiful servt.
+John F. Petts
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+In consequence of two other parties engaging part of my horses, I cannot say if I shall be able to furnish you until I know the quantity you require but if it is in my power I shall be happy to so do.
+I am your
+Obd.St.
+W. Ratliff
+Available under license only
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+As I am sending to Waltham Cross about horses I take my chance of my servant being on time to put into the post this note with the inclosed which I have just received from our indefatigable Committee friend Flower Ellis of Trinity - I send you also todays report which is but scanty.
+I have been told from pretty good authority that not very long ago Copleys promises were not much above 600, & that he has had letters from a great many to say they cannot attend this of course is only for yourself. I shall send you down copies of the Summoning Circular, but I cannot send it off till Saturday, as it would not do to announce a Day of Election before the dissolution has actually taken place.
+My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+I have got two coaches for each day Tuesday Weddy & Thursday. The Union for each of the days, the Wisbeach for Tuesday & Thursday & the Safety for Wednesday and I have ordered eight pair post horses at Waltham Cross, Ware Bunting Ford & Royston for Monday Tuesday Weddy Thursday- we shall give at the Committee tickets by which our friends will gain admission into these Stages & the use of the horses, our friends will settle with the Committee & we shall thus secure the means of conveyance which might otherwise be wanting; I should suppose that very little arrangement will be necessary on the other roads though I hear that that Attorney Generals Commy have been at work about horses in the country but I doubt the necessity of our taking any measures. People will come from so many points that they will be sure to get to Cambridge and it is only our plumpers who would be impeded
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+I answer to yours which I recd. this morning I take leave to say that our supply of horses on this road being so great that I cannot concieve (sic) there wd. be the least delay/did all the voters come down this road/but to make it more secure any number of horses that Ld Palmerstons Committee may think required I should feel obliged by their early informing me so that I may make the necessary preparations.
+I am Sir
+Yr.Obt.&Huml.Sert.
+O.H. Edwards
+PS.
+I should feel obliged should you have any communications to make to me to forward it by the ponies or Fly Coaches, as I can then give you an answer the same evening.
+Available under license only
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+encouraged by our mutual Friend Macfarlen, I venture to introduce myself to you under the character of a mendicant. My brief history is this― I gave my collection of British Plants to the Philosoph. Society of York, my native City, & have commenced a new one. The pages accompanying this, will discover to you the nakedness of the Land, & the impossibility, at my age, of gathering myself, as formerly the products of distant Counties. I shall be proud to make the best return in my power, for any duplicates you may be able to spare. The Duplicates of my mosses alone were retained; as I am tolerably conversant in that beautiful & intricate family, it is possible I may be able to serve you. Need I add that I will have much pleasure in doing so?
I, formerly, corresponded with Relhan, who kindly sold me specimens gathered from the Botanic Garden in Cambridge. Those, of course, were discarded, so soon as I could replace them with specimens from their native station. Poor Relhan was an excellent Botanist. I wish I c d.― say more for him. The Eriophorum polystachion, as I was told by the late M r. Home, grows upon Hinton Moor, along with Er: pubescens. For twenty years I had mistaken the latter for the former, which has not yet come under my observation. I made a vain application to Home for specimens; But he, poor fellow, was as dry as a Concio ad Clerum, & I am still in doubt with respect to the species.
Should business or pleasure bring you so far North as Croft, it will give me sincere pleasure to receive you at the old Rectory, where you will meet a cordial welcome & no form.
+Feeling confident that you will pardon the liberty now taken by (in every respect) an old F. L. S. I am, Sir, yours very truly | James Dalton.
+ Written on 2 pp. list of Henslow's desiderata. Pencil marks added by James Dalton In margin opposite long string of Saxifraga spp., JSH wrote: 'I suspect that this genus will contract very materially under the pruning of my Friend Hooker.'
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+I have not yet made any positive agreement with any party although being solicited, as our road business must be attended too, I certainly have procured a greater number of horses in consequence of the Election and shall use every indeavour to forward the voters of all parties with every possible despatch.
+There are a great number of horses & chaises engag'd below us both at Stilton Peterborugh (sic) & Stamford also the whole of the Cambridge Coach as I am informed.
+I am Sir Yr. most Obedt. Humbl. Servt Jn. Warsop
+Available under license only
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+I send you a further report from the letters of today- any changes of what a horse dealer would call undeniable. Plumpers either with Copley or Goulburn would certainly be advantageous, for though I have no business to express any opinion as to other candidates it is more likely that the contest will be between me & Bankes than between me & the other two; at the same time I begin to think as I have said in my letter of yesterday which you will get today that Copley is very much weaker than his friends have pretended him to be; but these exchanges may perhaps not be the less well effected by being a little delayed.
My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+My Right to Frank is official & is not interrupted by the dissolution.
+Available under license only
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+I thought it my duty/(illeg) (illeg) you/to state that both the Atty. Genl. & Hy. Goulburn Esq. had engaged horses for coming Election
+I am Yrs respecty.
+
+ for Mrs Ekin
Jas Howson
+Available under license only
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+I send you more ascertained votes. We had a very full meeting of the Committee yesterday & gave several of our friends a number of names of persons to be attacked. We do not as yet hear of so many absentees as I expected; several of those whom we reckoned upon as defaulters wll be able to come. The Clives, Sir Watkin Charles Grant Wm Lamb Ld. Brecknock & several Lawyers, are among these; They will all come
+Ld Normanby too is returned from abroad & Ld Burghish not gone & both will vote the first a plumper. Ld. Burghish also wishes for rooms at Trinity but cannot tell on what day. I should be glad to have rooms for Ld Clive & his brother at St Johns. They will be with us early in Weddy morning
+Our Lawyers think it of great importance to them to have the Poll open on Monday as they could come down on Sunday, vote Monday & go back again, & this would be more convenient to them than Thursday which the the only other day thay would have free; This would be advantageous to Copley as well as to me and a little so to Goulburn but against the interest of Bankes. Bankes came here yesterday very angry at our having as he was informed got Theed to turn plumper from having been split between Bankes & me, but I found a reference to my papers that early in this canvass Theed was reported as a vote for me unless some Whig candidate started and he has since been given me as a plumper by Ld Milton.
+My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Whatever is done about opening the poll on Monday we must have it open Tuesday Weddy & Thursday It will be highly important to us to have Thursday a Polling Day
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+Some of the gentlemen who call at the Committee state that their correspondents in the country are anxious to know what facility there is for approaching Cambridge by coaches, other than the London line - Will you inform me where the lines of communication are, if there be any, besides Huntingdon & Chesterford - You (illeg) anticipate no difficulty in finding posthorses, for those who travel in the day.
As many applications will now be making for accommodation in College will you allow me to speak in turn for myself, Sir George Shee, Mr Middleton, Lord Clive, & Hon Clive. The two last will arrive on the Wednesday morning, & therefore not interfere with any Thursday occupants
I think we must take great care of our plumpers who are numerous & who are certainly entitled to be first considered. I wish you and I would compose a list of plumpers - stating opposite to each name those whom we consider as exchangeable - a good deal of management will be necessary in having ready such exchanges for those who are disposed to make them and such leisure to negotiate them.
In haste
+My dear Sir
+Yrs very truly
+L. Sulivan
+Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I have the honor to inform you that my Lord Palmerston has engagd. all my horses for the ensuing Election. I receivd. a letter to that effect this morning.
+I am Revd Sir
+Your most obedt. Servt.
+John F. Petts
+Available under license only
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+The following is the Counting up of my Book
+Absolute promises 657
+Conditional on the safety of other candidates chiefly Copley 15
+Total 672 of which are plumpers 145
+Suppose we lose 50 by absence our disposable plumpers must bring us up to 650 on the Poll. Goulburn will certainly as you say not turn 500 I should doubt whether Bankes would turn 600 and if so I think that provided we speak enough of our danger we shall find ourselves safe.
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
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+It is extremely desirable that it should be clearly ascertained whether Sir Watkin Williams Wynn has or has not a vote. He is coming a great way to his great inconvenience and it would not be fair to make him to do this without avail. If Sir Watkin has a vote, it is not easy to say why Sir Culling Smith has not and he would also give it for Ld. Palmerston. I shall feel greatly obliged by an answer on this point as early as you can completely clear it up.
I remain Dear Sir
+Yrs very faithfully
+Law Sulivan
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+I have the honour to inform you that the Election for the University of Cambridge will be begin on Tuesday the 13th inst., and that the Poll will be kept open on Wednesday the 14th, and on Thursday the 15th.
+I cannot make this communication without availing myself of the opportunity of again requesting you to accept my thanks for the obliging & flattering support which you have expressed your intention of affording me. I am fully sensible how much your presence at Cambridge may interfere with your other engagements; yet as I feel that my prospect of success must depend entirely on the active support of my friends; as the contest will, beyond doubt, will be of extreme severity, and the result will, in all probability, be determined by a very few votes, I trust you will allow me most ernestly to solicit your assistance at the Poll; and that you will permit me to say how excessively important it will be to me, to have the advantage of your presence at Cambridge on one of the above mentioned days.
+I have the honour to be
+your very obedient
+Faithful Servant
+Palmerston
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+Lord Palmerston's London Committee who meet at No.4 Haymarket have made arrangements for securing conveyances to Cambridge, and his Cambridge Committee who meet at the Sun Inn at Cambridge, have made arrangements by which his friends will upon application to them, find accommodation at Cambridge.
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+Audubon is still in America, & I continue to receive money for Him on account of his work– I received a former payment from you through your Brother, of £6..1..0 (for 3 copies, minus the collection charge) which I have placed at my Bankers (Messr. s Wright, 5 Henrietta Street, Covent Garden) and where you may order what you have further to pay to be placed in my name, Letter A. account– Audubon’s account having been so opened there, in order to enable me to draw upon any monies that I might have occasion to pay, for Him, from the funds lodged there– If you prefer it I will receive the money myself, and give you a receipt, but as I had, on the last occasion, to call & send two or three times to your Brother’s Chambers, it will perhaps save all parties trouble if paid at once at Wrights, as above– Did I give you a receipt for the former payment? I fear not– If so, please do inform me when the second payment has been made & I will send you immediately a proper receipt for the whole– I heard from Audubon a few weeks since – He was very well & said nothing about his immediate return– I hope however that He will now hasten it
Ever my dear Sir | very truly yours| John Geo. Children
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+I send you todays report. The vote of Renouard of Sidney was sent me by Mr. Arbuthnot whose chaplain Mr. Renouard was at Constantinople, & Arbuthnot had the promise by a letter from Renouard the mistake if any must I conceive therefore he will be with his brother the Vice Master. I was told last night by Ld. Carnarvon who had heard it from some of Bankes's friends that Bankes boasts of having 600 promises, if he has not more we shall beat him; I reckon now 150 plumpers & it is odd if out of them we do not get from the Attorney General votes enough to beat Bankes with, but I think we should keep all the plumpers we can beyond the number which can be exchanged with Copley or Goulburn at least if Copley proves as I suppose decidedly stronger than Bankes, because there is no use in giving Copley gratuituous votes & raising him as compared with us upon the Poll; But we ought to be quite sure that Copley will beat Bankes.
My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+I have not sent any of these circulars to the resident members considering it unnecessary to do so
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+I shall certainly make my appearance at the approaching election and shall have great pleasure of accepting your kind invitation to take up my quarters at your house. I do not think I shall be able to reach Cambridge before Monday the 13th. p.m. but that will be in very good time. I am sorry to say my father has made a point of my giving a vote to Copley as he is an old friend. But I hope the struggle will not be between him & Lord Palmerston. I wrote circulars to all the gentlemen whose residences I could make out in the list Lord Palmerston sent me. One or two I know & spoke to & found they were going to vote as I wished. I look forward with great pleasure to moving again amongst my old friends & shall rejoice in this opportunity of becoming acquainted with Mrs Henslow. My wife does not think of accompanying me as the journey is long & I am harried for time by my duties. She joins me in sending her compliments &
+Believe me
+My dear Henslow
+Yours affectionately
+Whitworth Russell
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+I thank you for your letter and your information respecting the Election. I have settled with Charles to accompany him down to Cambridge and therefore you may depend upon me; but for particular reasons I have decided and wish to give my 2d vote to Copley & I cannot therefore give Ld. P a plumper. This my chief object of writing as I thought you would wish to know what I meant to do.
I expect a tremendous collection of voters. People indeed seem to look forward to the Election with extraordinary interest. Minny sends her love & thanks to Harriet for her letter - Our Nursery is quite well - hope yours the same -
+Believe me
+Yours sincerely in haste
+G. Jenyns
+Available under license only
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+I sent you yesterdays return; I was unfortunately too busy to write. I think it would be well to tell Mr Thompson that my Committee provide conveyances for my friends & will be happy to be charged by him with the task of making arrangements for his journey.
+I always thought there was a possibility of good from keeping up a fire of letters upon an enemy & Mr Furey's retreat is a satisfactory proof of it.
+My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+I am writing this on Monday evening, & shall write again tomorrow (Tuesday) with the report of the day
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+Ld Clive will come & will bring Swainson with him.
+Pepys should be requested to continue a plumper if he can do so, for I am by no means in a state of security though in one of hope. I have reason to think that Copleys promises do not exceed 700, Bankes's 600 and Goulburns 500; we may poll 650 & if we do we shall be winners We have 680 promises of which I think we cannot account for more than 50 defaulters if so many.
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Available under license only
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+I have this moment received the receipt.
+Yours very faithfully
+J. Proctor
+Available under license only
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+Under the circumstances stated by Whewell we can hardly help him to come and the proposed pair is the best arrangement that can be made for him. We shall do well enough as to conveyances & horses. I think of coming down on Saturday I can as it seems to me be better employed here that at Cambridge till that time.
+My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+I attach no importance to the 2d. vote of Griffith going to Bankes. Griffith is a violent anti Catholic and from the contact told me that on that ground he could not vote for me. You will find I think that some of Copleys plumpers will not split with me and that some, the lawyers for instance will not split with Bankes. I see no objection however to bona fide exchanges between individuals, but Jonathon Raine's manouevre should be a caution to us. He gets Dampier to promise his 2d. vote to Copley on condition that he Raine will vote for me; and having done Dampier out of his vote the said Jonathon departs for his own election & knowing full well that he cannot vote for anybody at Cambridge because he cannot be there at all.
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+I have informed Mr Ellis that I have sent his letter to my Cambridge Committee and have requested them to make the arrangements which he wishes
+My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Available under license only
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+I send you two letters to forward to town as I shall not be at the Committee room this evening. Have you received any news today?
+Yours truly
+John Croft
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+We were all put into great alarm here by reports that the Poll would not be kept open on Thursday on which day many of our votes will go down. Sulivan however has just been to Goulburns Comme. & ascertained that Dr. Wordsworth confirms the arrangement which you told me would be adopted & that the Poll would be kept open till Thursday evening. It will be desirable to keep the Vice Chancellor to this arrangement as Thursday will be an important day for us. I conceive there will be no difficulty in securing this as we have the Legal Power to do so in our own hands.
+My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Available under license only
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+I received your kind letter from Wentworth House: & at the time had the plan of going to England for the purpose of escorting hither M. rs Hooker & a good part of my family; & so of taking Wentworth in my way for the purpose of drawing the Cycas. But I soon found that I had too much to do at home. I could not spare the time to go to England:– when I found that, I took the liberty of writing to Lord Milton & asking if a portion of the fruit could not be sent to me. Perhaps the plant could not allow of it. For nothing has yet come.
You may well suppose that I could not make such a journey purposely to draw the plant; nor could I afford to send a draughtsman (even if I knew of one) to make the drawing. But I have from our friend Lowe an excellent sketch of an entire plant, & young fruit in spirit; from which I shall probably make a figure. Having given the Cycas circinalis, I should later wish to illustrate the revoluta in Bot. Mag. e Smith’s figure of the ripe fruit in Linn. Trans. ions is especially faulty.
I am now making good use of the dried specimens of British Plants you were so good as to send me: for I am working at a British Flora; that I know not what you will say to me, at learning that it is to be arranged according to the Linnean System. I will yield to none in my admiration of the Nat l. Arrangement, nor in my endeavours to recommend its study: ― but I will not give up the Linnean method as the most sensible for a student to commence with. Ten years experience in teaching has enabled me to set, I think, a right estimate upon it. Tis strange to me that Botanists' cannot or will not see the merits of both systems, which are no more in opposition to each others (except in the minds of the ignorant) than are poetry & prose― In my first page I had reason to mention your name as having found Salicornia radicans in Kent. Tis a good plant & there are few stations for it. I have at present only printed as far as Tetrandria; & have already added 4 or 5 species to the British Flora.
It is not solely on Botany that I wish now to write to you. I have on a former occasion mentioned to you two young friends of mine M r R t Monteith and M r Francis Gordon. They have now entered of Trinity Coll. & I hope you will allow me to introduce them to you. They are excellent young men & I hope will prove good scholars. They conducted themselves most creditably while here & in our college & have since been with a M r Hall in Gloucestershire to prepare them for Cambridge. They have I believe very few introductions and perhaps it is better theyit should be so. Monteith is destined for no particular, perhaps for no, profession: his father is a man of great wealth. Gordon’s (illeg) is for the English Church. D r Chalman has given them a letter to M r Simeon. I know not whether this will be an advantage or not in any point of view for he is a man of whom we hear the most opposite characters: and if one party (illeg) him (which is not very likely of any party) such an introduction may be the means of excluding from other & really good society. I wish I could know your opinion on such a point. I shall desire my young friends to call upon you & any attention you may be kind enough to pay to them I shall feel very grateful to you for. A little notice from you too will give their parents great pleasure & I will issue you a cordial welcome at Carstairs, one of the very finest houses in Scotland (M r Monteith’s) & at Cray (Mr Gordon) one of the most beautiful in point of country. And I hope next Summer you will really come & see us―
Your's ever, my dear Sir | most truly & faithfully | W. J. Hooker
+If M r. Twopenny still resides in Cambridge pray make my young friends known to him. He was very kind to M r. & M rs. Gordon when they past through Cambridge some time ago.
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+Mr Welch & Mr Pratt are coming to Cambridge on Monday and are obliged to return to London on Tuesday as soon as they have voted. They therefore request that places maybe reserved for them on the Tuesday so that they maybe able to get to Town as soon as possible.
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+I send you two letters announcing particular days of arrival; Mr Wainwright did not mention the day on which he means to go, we will take charge of his conveyance, & all he wants at Cambridge are rooms for himself & Mr Heathcote.
+With respect to what you suggest as to the Atty Genl the matter is important but full of difficulty; I confess that in the peculiar position in which I stand I think I ought not without any full consideration to do anything which might be construed into a coalition with any other candidate. My support is composed of the most difficult and contradictory elements & much of it is given to me because I am alone & unconnected and we should take care that we should not lose by coalition as much as we gained by it. The most zealous & active supporters I have next to my friends at St Johns, are the ultra Whigs. These people are all plumpers, and have respectively & distinctly announced that under no circumstances will they vote for Copley whom they consider as an appostate from his Political Faith; anything like a coalition with Copley would at once damp the zeal of all these persons, and here we should lose. But on the other hand what should we gain. Copley is either stronger than Bankes & therefore secure, or weaker that Bankes & therefore afraid; if he is the latter, exchanges with Bankes will do him no good except for the purpose of throwing me out because they leave his strength as compared with Bankes the same; but exchanges with me would in that case lift him positively as compared with Bankes; If he stronger than Bankes & therefore secure then a junction with Bankes would have no other object than to throw me out. But connected as both the Atty Genl & I am with the Government & standing as we do in the respective positions, I, of member long in possession, he of candidate disturbing the University I am convinced that Copley can have no wish to bring in Bankes in preference to me, and on the contrary I am certain that he must have every possible motive (his own safety provided for) to assist as far as maybe in his power and that consequently if his choice lay between changing a given number of votes with Bankes & throwing me out, or changing an equal number with me & bringing me in he must prefer the latter alternative.
The course which I have adopted from the first & upon principle & system has been to have no private communication or understanding whatever with any one of the candidates; I have thought it best to persue a straightforward & direct course being convinced that in the long run that it always the best policy. I have not even used any endeavours with Goulburn to prevent his retiring being certain from my knowledge of his character & feelings that he would go to the Poll, & thinking it much better that his doing so should be the result of his own will & not of any solicitation from me. Upon the same grounds I should be very unwilling to open any private communication with Copley upon the subject of our election. I confess that I feel much less alarm than some of my friends as to the danger from manoeuvres & I think this is much magnified. We have by far the greatest number of diposable plumpers few of Bankes's plumpers would vote for me, but three or four we may obtain by exchange & it would be wise to do so; Many of Copleys plumpers would not give second votes to Bankes, & these we shall certainly have by individual exchanges
+My view is this that any plumper of ours who can get in exchange for his second vote the second vote of a real and bone fide plumper of another candidate, who will certainly attend, would do us a service, by himself making such an exchange, either now or at the Poll as he may have an opportunity, and that it does not much signify which of the candidates such exchanges are made with, provided they are not the act of the Committee & therefore subject to be construed into coalition; This is my opinion but I state it of course subject to the consideration of yourself & my other friends at Cambridge. What I have said in the former part of this letter however I wish to be confined to yourself & our Master.
My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
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+A circular from Lord Palmerston reached me on Monday by which I learn that I must convey myself to Cambridge in the early part of next week. I intend doing so, but at present it is my intention to travel en famille with a wife and manservant, 2 horses & a gig - for these I should be very much obliged to you to secure accommodation for Monday evening. I do not like to risk obtaining it on my arrival and therefore I apply to you, as chairman of Comme but do not suppose to quarter myself and suite upon the Committee's purse. I only wish to know that I shall have a place to put up at when I arrive - a comfortable bedroom is all I want for ourselves, sitting room I care nothing about, as I dare say we should make no use of it - my wife will proceed on Wednesday to Mary. We shall start from hence on Monday and if you can send me a line by Saturday's post to inform me to what part of the town I may betake myself on my arrival, you will prove yourself in my estimation a good chairman. In haste for post.
+yours very truly
+John Smith
+If we alter our plan I will let you know I wrote to Glossop months ago but never received any answer
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+Private
+Copleys plumpers are now I understand to be set free as to their second votes, and Monday is to be Exchange Day, do not quote me for this but you may act upon it pretty surely. Norris of Trinny is a plumper & goes down & Calthorpe goes with Godfrey Ed d. of St Johns who plumps for us & therefore is likely to give us a vote, so says his brother the Peer.
+Ld Weymouth is returned to England & I have been trying to find him out; as his brother is against us he may perhaps be for us.
+My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Ld. Brecknock will come and so will the Clives
+My counting up last night independent of the votes which I have sent you today was
+absolute promises 676
+Conditional ditto 18
+694
+of which plumpers 162
+Probable votes 69
+votes of whom nothing whatever is known 490
call the 694, 700 suppose 100 absentees which would reduce the number to 600 and add 54 Probables & Exchanges & we shall poll 650, & if so I am convinced we shall beat Bankes.
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+I send you some further mema.
+I make out 694 votes of which 18 are conditional but we may reckon upon having 700 promises of one sort or other by Tuesday; of these I fear we shall not have not less that 100 absentees, which would reduce our numbers to 600 present but as I count 160 plumpers Supposing 100 of then come we may surely get 50 second votes by exchanges so as to make 650, and if we poll that number I think we shall succeed.
+I should add that Richd. Parry gives us his second vote in exchange for one of our plumpers who wanted to vote for Copley. Sir Watkin will not come so you may as well counter order his horses. I found that it was almost certain that the Vice Chancellor would reject his vote, and as he would have had to run across the country & back again between two elections to his great inconvenience I though it best to release him at once; I shall not start till tomorrow night and it is just possible I may not be off till Sunday evng. if I find which is not unlikely that I can be more usefully employed here than in Cambridge till then
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Available under license only
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+I send you a few notes which I will thank you to let someone attend to - Our plumpers increase, and I feel very sanguine of success if we turn a deaf ear to experts of all sorts - I shall depend on the rooms you have been good enough to notify to me tho' I shall not probably occupy them till Wednesday, as I am wanted here. Would you oblige me by securing horses at St. Neots on Wednesday for Lord Clive. He will arrive there. Sir Watkin Williams for whom I believe you ordered horses at Huntingdon will not attend the election. The coaches are filling and I shall send you tomorrow a list of the persons arriving by them.
I am Dear Sir
+Most faithfully yrs
+L. Sulivan
+Available under license only
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+I have been going round today to the undeclared voters but have not done much. March? votes for us, and Dr. Barrett for Copley & Goulburn. I find that what I expected yesterday about Copleys plumpers is true; Godson plumper for Copley goes down with Greenwood who plumps for us & they will probably interchange 2d votes as Godson will not vote for Bankes or Goulburn. Morton Davison cannot come. I shall set off tomorrow afternoon.
+My dear Sir
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Available under license only
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+I hearby inform you that 2 inside places & 4 outside places, by Union Coach, from Lynn to London are secure for Tuesday the 13th. Inst. as (illeg). order of Lord Palmerstons Committee; & also the whole of the coach from Lynn to London for Thursday the 15th Inst.is secured.
I am, Sir,
+Yr. Obedient Servt.
+James Burch
+Available under license only
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+A letter recd. this morning from THE HON. & Rev. Thos. Dundas communicates his intention of being in Cambridge to vote for Lord Palmerston on some one of the three days. If this vote has not before been registered - you have it now.
Your's faithfully
+Thomas Musgrave
+Available under license only
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+I hope you will excuse my trespassing upon your time to remind you of your kind promise to send me a few plants at the proper season.– You can probably lay your hand upon my last letter in which Veronica was a leading article– I have made on another list of some more things I am in search of– it is so long, that I should be quite ashamed to request so many; but I know it is scarcely possible to supply them all– & therefore you will perhaps oblige me with those which can be spared without inconvenience to the store plants– I assure you I shall be very much obliged to you for any thing you may send ― & it would give me much pleasure if I could send you any thing in return– I have a large collection myself about 1500 herbaceous & bulbous plants– & there is a large garden at Bristol– Bitton– therefore if you are in want of any thing, I will do what I can to supply you―
+You will be pleased to hear, that this summer in company with M r Withering I saw Aconitum napellus growing in a most unsuspicious place in Devonshire - this will be noticed in Witherings New Edition which is almost ready—
I suppose you have been at Rochester this vacation— I hope you left all our friends well― when you send I'll thank you to use the enclosed direction― you have probably Coaches which run to the Bolt in Tun ― I will enclose a letter f rd M r Bachelder, will you oblige me by directing it properly & sending it to him― Pray pardon me all this trouble I am giving you, & believe me | dear Sir | y rs very faithfully | H. T. Ellacombe—
In addition to the former list
+
+
+
+
dear Sir | Y rs very faithfully | H. T. Ellacombe
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+Mr G.S. Wilson of St John's would be glad to have some accommodation provided for him on Wednesday evening. He will probably come by the Union.
+(written by L. Sulivan)
+Available under license only
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+Let me see you as soon as you come out of Hall, I am going home & will wait there for you.
+Yours very truly
+J. Lamb
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+Here we are again stopped for horses at the same place where we came to a still stand last night There seems to be a pretty considerable negligence on the part of the Landlord of the Bull Royston respecting a supply of cattle and I think it right to give you notice of it as it is not improbable votes maybe delayed tomorrow till too late unless you give this man a pretty sharp fillip.
Yours truly
+J. F. W. Herschel
+PS. He says that his horses have been engaged by the Committee to work down the road
+ but not up. Is this correct - it will surely cause much inconvenience unless equal facilities are given to ingress & egress.
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+Requests committee for re-election of Palmerston as University MP to let him know whether to not vote at all or give a plumper vote for Palmerston only.
+Mr. Brand Trin:Coll: requests Lord Palmerstons committee to inform him whether they would prefer him not voting at all, or his giving a plumper to Lord Palmerston late in the evening. He would be sorry if any conduct of his should diminish Lord Palmerston's chance of success, and he would with pleasure be guided by the wishes of the Committee. He begs to know if he can have a place to London by the ten oclock coach tomorrow morning.
+Available under license only
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+If this claim is right, you may as well send me the paper back again & I will settle with the proprietor in London.
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Available under license only
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+I am just leaving Cambridge and, in order to prevent any mistake, I think it right first to mention that I occupied on Thursday night one of the beds engaged by Lord Palmerston's Committee at Mr. Ridgley's the grocer in Bridge St. I have left five shillings with him for that night which I understand to be the price for a night as regulated by the Committee - for last night & Friday night - I have paid Mr. Ridgely separately. I beg to apologise for troubling you with this note - & I am, Sir,
+Yr obedient servant
+J.S. Caldwell
+Available under license only
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+I cannot tell with how much pleasure I learn from the papers received here this morning that Ld. Palmerston secured his re-election. Upon principle, as well as from a desire to support your candidate, I have felt a warm interest in the result of this contest and it has been a matter of very serious regret to me that I have been prevented from giving my vote. Nothing but the calls of business which would admit of no denial should have detained me here; and I assure you that so late as last Tuesday night I made a great effort to release myself from my engagements here so that I might have been illeg the Senate House on Thursday morning; however I did not succeed in the attempt, so I now only mention the circumstances for the purpose of explaining to you the reason of my not having taken an earlier opportunity of thanking you for your kind offer to secure me a bed, and of explaining to you the situation in which I found myself placed. Had the cause been lost by a few votes I should have been so sorely vexed at my own absence; but fortunately I have now only to congratulate you upon the result, which must of course be very satisfactory to you & is in my opinion very creditable to the University.
+Believe me, Dear Henslow
+Yours very truly
+S.J. Loyd
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+I beg to return you my best thanks for your very friendly invitation to your home, and I can truly assure you that it would give me very great pleasure to accept it - but as matters stand there is I fear no chance of my being able to do so - It is extremely doubtful whether I can get away from here at all- but if I do I have decided to take some of my family with me, and it would in that case be more convenient to have them in St Johns. I am glad to find that if I go, I shall have the pleasure of finding you in the University. I hear in every quarter of the impression that was made by the good management of Lord Palmerstons Committee, and I am sure it will be a gratification to you in addition to that of our success. (Illeg) aware how much of it is attributed to your own arrangements. I beg you will present my compliments to Mrs. Henslow and remain.
+Dear Sir
+Very Truly yours
+Law Sulivan
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+It was with deep concern that I received your letter of the 8th., but I would still endeavour to entertain the hope that your anticipations as to the serious character of your attack may prove not borne out by the result and that I may hear better accounts of your health.
+I have however taken note of the wishes which you have expressed in favour of your son, and I shall look out for the means of giving effect to them.
+Yrs sincerely
+Palmerston
+Available under license only
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+Accept my best thanks, Dear Sir, for your kind present, which I received yesterday― but too late to allow of my acknowledging the rec t. of them by that day's Post. Your letter, too, promises farther assistance, deserves & has my unfeigned gratitude. I could almost regret your muscological treasures being so far advanced, as it prevents my doing so much as I am bound to do:― In some few instances, however, I can add to your collection; & you shall have every Jungermannia I possess. During the progress of Hooker's beautiful & excellent work, I attended to them, as well as other genera; & those I shall send as of my own gathering. Funaria Muhlenbergii I was the first to detect, in England. I think Botanists seem disposed to make it a var. of F: hygometrica― &, in good truth, there is little beyond habit to separate them. Our Friend Hooker will play the devil amongst now admitted species, or am much mistaken in him; & I think science can suffer nothing by making these many into varieties, till some incontrovertible distinction shall be discovered, entitling them to the dignity of species. In the genera of Rubus― Rosa― Carex & Salix, much may be done, without violence, in this way. The fashion of splitting hairs is not a good one, tho' adopted by Lindley now, & by poor Smith lately:― but, in publishing Eng: Botany, everything was admitted which c d. add a plate, & that plate put 6 d in the Editor's pocket. Smith, in his last publication, endeavors to uphold his former work; and how far he has succeeded, I will not presume to discuss with the Professor of Botany.
I see you quote Hinton, as the station of the beautiful Athamanta. I could go to the spot, if it be in Ray's Field as well as to that of Lonicera caprifolium & Viburnum lantana All were planted there by Relhan; at least he owned this with Athamanta, & did not disown it as to the others. He was a slippery chap― but we must allow him the benefit of that humbugging "de mortuis nil nisi bonum", upon which too many have the claim of charity. I can send you some Swiss plants, & shall have much pleasure in doing so. My life has been uniformly retired(?), & no opportunity of studying Exotic Botany, worth adoption, has ever presented itself. Iam frumit nose! & our native productions are full as much as I ever attend to. With those, however, I can still be very busy, & my heart is as warm as ever towards those who will acknowledge me as a fellow-laborer, & assist my now uniformly retarded progress. I will not despair, Dear Sir, of seeing you thus far north; &, with true old English sincerity, promise you a cordial welcome, & a Bottle of the best (not bad) I have. In the consumption of this, or even more, ever worthy Macfarlan will lend a hand: &, were he here now, would, I am sure, beg to be remembered with all & every profession of Friendship.
I am, Dear Sir, your sincere & much obliged Friend | James Dalton
+With the exception of about 3 acres of Pyrola rotundifol: we have hardly a plant worth notice in this cold-clay-country.
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+I need not tell you that you, I, & Dr Roget are a committee of the Faculty of Arts for Chemistry Animal & Vegetable Physiology. The feeling on my mind is so vague as to what will ultimately be required by the Senate as the minimum for the degree of B.A. that I cannot decide in my own mind as to how much or how little we ought to put down in the Chemistry as something which maybe either enlarged contracted or in any other way altered. I have drawn up the enclosed (Dr Roget by also out of him) have sent a copy to you (as to him) to know what you think of it. As a committee we ought to report soon. I shall be out of London from tomorrow until Saturday week
I am dear sir
+Very truly yours
+M. Faraday
+ + + + +Available under license only
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+When I left Cambridge I fancied that I was on my road to join you at Weymouth, and anticipated great pleasure from the expedition, but as matters now stand it must be put off for the present. I proposed to Rickman that we should make an architectural tour in Normandy together; and I find it will probably suit him to start in a few days, so I shall stay here til this is settled and perhaps executed. I had so fully reckoned on being at Weymouth shortly that I had directed letters to be sent there. I have written to the Post Office to say they maybe sent here; perhaps it may increase the certainly of this being done if you will speak a word about it. I hear from Leonard and Charles Jenyns that you are going on prosperously and that Mrs Henslow is very well and very happy which I am especially pleased to learn. Pray among all your examination of things by land and water have you made one for me anything about the tides? I will tell you one or two points that I want more particularly to have attended to. How are the tides on the two sides of the Bill of Portland? Are they later in the bay of Weymouth or on the side of the Chesil Bank? Are the tides at the same time in shore and out at a distance in the open sea? Is the high water at the point of time when the current in the Channel changes its direction from East to West? If you can get me tolerably precise information on these particular points in addition to any more general observations as I have suggested in the printed paper I shall be very glad. Perhaps with regard to the relative time of the two tides on the two sides of Portland Bill you can note me something down, and if so I should be glad to know it.
+I was told that you are going to Guernsey. When is this likely to be? If I thought I could fall in with you there I should be much tempted to join you from the side of France. If you go in three weeks or so I dare say it will fall in neatly with my time, but I do not yet know how Rickman's motions will be regulated.
+I went to St. Albans the other day and saw your family who all appeared to me to be well. I had never seen the Abbey before and a proper lumping piece of old buiding it is.
+William and Marianne Humfrey are married at last. I saw them start from Cambridge after the ceremony on Thursday last: they cross from Brighton to Dieppe and then travel through France into Italy.
+When you write let me know what communication there is between Guernsey and Weymouth; for it may be perhaps be possible to come that way from Normandy if one can reckon upon a quick and well timed passage. If I come that way I shall probably bring Rickman with me for I do not think he knows the French lingo and ways well enough to go alone among the monsieurs; so if I take him into the strange land I shall hold myself bound to bring him out. I expect great satisfaction from seeing the impression made upon him by foreign architecture.
+Give my love to Fanny and Louisa - I hear that Louisa makes an excellent mermaid but that Fanny prefers the character of a land animal. My kindest regards to Mrs Henslow.
+Dear Henslow
+yours affectionately
+W. Whewell
+ + + + + + + + + +Available under license only
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+The Althaea hirsuta was noticed in Kent many years ago & recorded in Symon's catalogue of British plants, & also in Turner & Dillwyn's guide. I found it plentifully in the fields between Cuxton & Cobham in Kent, but think it very probable that it got there from seed originally imported in corn from the continent. I sd. say it had about an equal claim to insertion in our British catalogue with Delphinium, Glaucium, Adonis, & some other annuals found only in cultivated ground.
+The Scirpus carinatus was a mistake for caricinus the former I do not possess.
Mespilus cotoneaster is figured in the last No. of Flora Londinensis (now concluded).
+Believe me
+Yr. obedient servt
+J. S. Henslow
+ + + + + + + + +Available under license only
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+In the bustle we are in I have had not much time to think about the Dicty-but I believe I am not indisposed to help. I should however wish you to state precisely the amount of labour & the terms on which I am wished to co-operate & I will give you an immediate reply aye or no.
I leave Cambridge on Friday-but a letter directed to me St John's Coll. will find me here on that day. Later than that my address is Hitcham, Bildeston. Excuse this haste.
+Yrs very truly
+J.S.Henslow
+ +
+ Note in pencil on letter: Lot 131 Revd. John Stevens Henslow. Le fameux Profr. de Botanique de Universite de Cambridge
+
Available under license only
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+ I had the pleasure of receiving your letter when particularly engaged, and therefore could not say in reply, till today, that I have prepared a parcel of Cryptogamous plants for your acceptance. I well know the value of doing things of this kind speedily and were it not that I am obliged at this time to calculate my very moments you would receive a larger collection. As it is, I have gone through my duplicates of British Mosses - which is the most perfect part of my trading collection. Of course some specimens are indifferent - but where I have only bad ones I have given you them rather that none. You will find most of our rarest species. I shall send the parcel by an early opportunity to your Brother's care in London. My parcels I generally receive through Baldwin Cradock & Joy, Pater Noster Row. Before quitting the mosses I must mention that many of the specimens require cleaning & washing & pressure before placing in the Herbarium - as they have been generally preserved in walking tours - in the rough.
I am extremely glad that my letter contained any matter in the least serviceable to you - & in the same spirit I shall reply to you questions regarding Drawing & Demonstrations, and in the former, being an old hand, I may save you time & trouble. I rarely if ever use Indian Ink. The outline of my drawing (say the capsule of a moss) I make very strong, by the common very soft black lead pencils. I then proceed to shade with the same using the point broad and working very rapidly - mostly in the hatching manner //////. Now for the coloring - this must be done with a full brush and plenty of color. Anything almost does to shade with- but as a general rule use sepia along with the ground color - & if great depth is wanted add indigo. A sine qua non is prepared gall - a little of which dissolved in water and used pretty freely, makes the colors float as if the paper was damped. When you get into the way of it, you'll be able to put nearly the whole light & shade in one wash. Have your colors in separate saucers - and two or three glasses of water - so that in a large leaf passing from brown at the point, through yellow in the middle to green at the base, you may be able to graduate the shades without interruption. In a broad wash, always keep a wave of color as it were, following the brush. I shall fill up the next page with illustrations on a small scale which will illustrate in part what I have said.
By Demonstration, I meant placing in the hand of every student a specimen similar to the one in the hand of the lecturer - sometimes only a small protion of a plant is requisite for the object in view - but what I chiefly alluded to, was the demonstration of a complete specimen - 3-5 of which would occupy half an hour. It is in fact reading a full description of the plant, - so leisurely as to enable students to examine every part and follow the description. I cannot help thinking if you try this method you will regard it as the most efficient part of the course.
I doubt if you will hardly compress your course into 12 lectures. Humboldt is the chief authority of the Geography of Plants - but you will find a few interesting papers in Jameson's Phil. Journ. from Schouw's Danish work - and a curious distribution of plants by the same author, translated in Brester's Journ. of Science no 7 & 8. An interesting Essay on the distribution of Marine Algae by Lamouroux is in the Annales des Science Nat. for Jany. 1826. (you will find the essence of it inserted by me in the Edin. Journ. of Medical Science No 5). By the way, there is an excellent historical sketch of the history of Bot. Geography in the prospectus of the new work on that subject now in progress by Humboldt. It is inserted in the Bulletin des Sciences Naturel for 1826 - but I cannot say which number, as my copy is binding.
Impressions of leaves have a very good effect - but are too small for a lecturer to use in the classroom. The leaf of Hydrocotyle vulgaris for instance should not be less 12 inches in diameter - and then serves 3 purposes to show an orbicular leaf, a peltate leaf, and a crenate margin.
These figures are very carelessly done but they will shew the mode of execution - the moss capsule wants a little more shade, but I leave it as it is to shew the effect of one operation - (the calyptra was touched twice). NB wash from light to dark generally - at least on broad surfaces.
Next month the 1st no. of the Icones Filicum will be out, by Hooker & myself -I hope you will be pleased with it. The plates for the 2nd are engraved. Pray use your interest to procure suscribers for its encouragement (Hooker & I derive no profit by it) as it costs Trettel & Wurtz some money to get it up.
+I have not found leisure to mention this time the plants I wish from Cambridgeshire.
+I am My Dear Sir
+Yrs. very truly R. K. Greville
+ + + + + + + + +Available under license only
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+Sends JSH copy of his Ornithological Biographies and asks about sending copies to Cambridge for sale. Comments on the binding of The Birds of America. Mentions forthcoming trip to America.
I arrived here last evening and take pleasure in forwarding you a copy of my "Ornithological Biography" which I hope you will accept as a small token of my regard and esteem with many many thanks for all your kind attentions to me. When you have read a portion of the book I should be glad to know from you if you think it would be well to send some copies to Cambridge for sale and as I know no Bookseller there to have the goodness to recommend me to an honest one.
I leave this for Paris this day week and will be absent for about 1 month therefore should you have leisure pray answer to my query ere I depart.
+It is my intention to go to America on the 1st day of August and therefore I again offer you my services in any manner which you may think fit to order - my absence will be about 12 months and I go purposely to give a last ransacking of the woods with a hope to find something new.
+My Subscribers are now having my first volume of the "Birds of America" bound. I should be glad to hear that this will also be the case at Cambridge. The 20th Number compleates it with the Title-page which you have received. No 21 is the commencement of the 2 d Volume which will finish the Land Birds.
+
Please present my best regards to your Lady and Mr Jennings (sic) and believe me
+Very sincerely yours & much obliged
+John J. Audubon
+ + +From: Three Letters of John James Audubon to John Stephens Henslow. Printed in 1943 for members of the Roxburghe Club of San Francisco by the Grabhorn Press
+ + + + +Available under license only
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+Sends JSH a copy of second volume of Ornithological Biographies; discusses progress on third vols of that work and The Birds of America.
Asks if a museum in Cambridge might be interested in purchasing North American mounted birds from an associate in Nova Scotia. Asks if JSH knows anyone with a collection of bird eggs for species comparison.
+As Mr Havell omitted to send you a copy of my second Vol. of Ornith. Biog. I do so and beg your acceptance of it, as a small tribute of all your kind attentions to me.
I see so very little of the world although in London, that I have not heard if you had been in town or not since last I had the pleasure of hearing from you; now four years since. Are you likely to come shortly? If so I beg that you will let us know where to find you.
+My work is now progressing fast, having made every arrangement in my power to have it finished in the course of three years, having added Engravers and Colorers to our stock of workmen for this purpose. The 3rd Vol. of Biog. will be printed next Autumn, a few months in advance of the 3rd Vol. of "Birds of America" after which one more only will remain to be published. I am anxious to know from you if you have a Museum at Cambridge containing a collection of Mounted Birds, and in such a case should like to know if you wish to purchase North American specimens? M r Charles MacCulloch from Pictou, in Nova Scotia, has a fine series of well mounted birds which he offers for sale, I believe on moderate terms, and I have bought some from him. He also has some insects from the same quarter and also some quadrupeds. Please also to tell me if any person of your acquaintance has a collection of Bird's Eggs; this I ask on my account, being anxious to publish those of our birds, and to compare such Europeans as belong to Species thought to be the same in America and England, which are mostly Water Birds.
Should you have any money on hand for me I will be glad to receive it at your convenience - and if I can be of any service to you here I pray you will not fear to send me your wishes. Accept my best wishes and regards, and believe me My Dear Sir your truly thankful friend
+and Obt Servt
+John J. Audubon
+ +From: Three Letters of John James Audubon to John Stephens Henslow. Printed in 1943 for members of the Roxburghe Club of San Francisco by the Grabhorn Press
+ + + + + + +Available under license only
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+Sends JSH a copy of third volume of Ornithological Biographies. Asks why G. N. Granville has discontinued patronage of The Birds of America as it is nearing completion.
I take a private opportunity to send for your acceptance one of the third Volumes of my Ornithological Biographies.
+My family and myself returned to town a few days since and have established ourselves at No 4 Wimpole Street, Cavendish Square, just opposite the house of the Honble George Thackeray, D. D.
+Can you inform why the Honble Revd G. N. Granville has discontinued his patronage to my Birds of America? I think that if he was aware that when finished (and that will be in two more years) one thousand pounds could not secure a Copy, he would probably be glad to possess so rare a Work.
+Inclosed I send three stamp receipts for the Subscribers at Cambridge and will feel obliged to you for a remittance at your convenience.
+With best regards to your Lady and family as well as to your relative Doc r Jennings (sic)
believe me ever Your Friend & Obt Servt
+John. J. Audubon
+ + +£22.1
+£43.1
+_____
+£65.2
+- £1.6 = £64.19.6 on 29 Jan y
+
From: Three Letters of John James Audubon to John Stephens Henslow. Printed in 1943 for members of the Roxburghe Club of San Francisco by the Grabhorn Press
+ + + + + + +Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I should very much enjoy a trip to Felixtow with you - but I am obliged to draw distinctions between pleasure excursions & those which I consider more in the light of duty. I proposed the excursion soley with the idea of being of use to Mr Potter in case he should determine to enter into speculations for the Coprolites. I could not have justified it to myself, with my hands so full of occupation, on any other grounds. He may take my word for the fact now, that he could obtain 100's of tons at a much cheaper rate than that he named. If this does not seem to make it worth his while to proceed further & he has given up all idea of this speculation, I am at liberty to allude to the subject in the G.C. again. I have nothing to say further than announce the simple fact 'that Cop sare to be had very readily. Practical men must decide for themselves whether they are worth the gathering. If you have a mind for an excursion to Felixtow ask for Mr Smith of the Fludyer Arms, who knows the spot very well: not 10 ' walk from his house.
Ever Yrs truly
+J. S. Henslow
+ + + + + + + +Available under license only
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+Sends JSH a list of flora from the Charnwood Forest and the area of Glenfield and Grooby Pool in north-west Leicestershire, together with a geological description. He offers to send specimens of these plants if required and asks JSH for Cambridgeshire specimens.
+My Friend the Rev d Clutton will with this give you a list of the Flora of the part of the country where I reside. I do not know whether I am right in putting down so many of the more common plants, by my wish was to give you a general list of the plants, that you may form some idea of what this country affords. I have a great many duplicates of some of the above plants, & whatever you may wish to have I shall be most happy to send you, or if I have them not by me― I shall be enabled to procure them next year for you― Cambridgeshire is I should suppose rich in the bog & water plants, any specimens that you can send me, which are not in the accompanying list I shall feel greatly obliged to you for, and I shall at all times be happy in sending you what number of duplicates you might wish for. I sent up to the Naturalists magazine some time since a list of the Flora in my neighbourhood, but I do not know whether the ['e' over 'y'] Editor will make use of it―
Believe me to remain | very sincerely &c. | Andrew Bloxam
+ + +Flora of Charnwood Forest and the neighbourhood of Glenfield and Grooby Pool. Soil chiefly sienitic rock & slate excepting near Gracedieu which is carboniferous limestone.
+ +I have several duplicates of the Viola lutea and Chrysosplenium alternifolium from the neighbourhood of Ludlow, where also I found the Aconitum napellus growing in great abundance on the banks of a little stream called the "Letwyche" which runs into the Teme. Amongst the mosses found in this neighbourhood are the Trichostomum lanuginosum, Bryum turbinatum. Hypnum dendroides, H. cordifolium. Polytrichum juniperinum & about 40 other different kinds.
+Additional plants. Ornithopus perpusillus, Brionia dioica, Solanum nigrum, Nardus stricta, Arabis thaliana
+ + +Available under license only
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+I had forgotten all about the plates to Sole's Mints till accidentally recalled the subject, & I wrote to Mr Rix about them. He replies that Mr Sole Surgeon of St Neots will give them to any Botanist willing to turn them to scientific use. I can make no use of them myself & if you would like to have them & will write for them to Mr Sole he will be glad to send them to you.
I have lately been following up some of the speculations of Agricultural Chemists respecting the nutritious properties of foods & have 2 or 3 times given a popular exposition of the uses of starches [illeg] in the
Available under license only
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+I would not bother you with an answer until I had seen Murray in Cambridge & knew a little better what were to be my movements. I can remain in London only one day, fully occupied, & quite unable to accept your kind invitation to Kew. We have always contemplated purchasing all the more common things at the Nursery gardens - only we found so many costly articles in Coniferae, that we thought it best to get what we could by begging in that group. When Murray knows what we shall really be unable to procure, he will avail himself of your offer of letting us have what you may be able to spare from your duplicates. We had a three hour meeting of the Botanic Garden Syndicate yesterday - when all we could do was to propose a Grace for the Senate next Wednesday to allow us 300£ for the work done & 70£ more for the purchase of Trees to plant in the 7 acres which have been very thoroughly trenched & prepared. We are still all abroad with respect to the source from whence the necessary funds are to come for completing the Garden - but every step gained makes it more difficult to recede - & I find an increasing feeling in favour of advance- & heartily trust we are now to receive no check. I have left Darwins two plants & a little parcel of something or other which Miss Hooker left behind her, in custody of Lindley at the Hort. Soc. in Regents St. where he can send or call for them. As one of the bottles leaks a little I have written which side of the parcel should be kept uppermost. I sincerely sympathise with you in Miss Hooker's afflicting case. Mrs Steward was dining with us on Tuesday last, & said she had met Lady Hooker at Yarmouth this summer. I hope when a more favourable season returns, that our house will again receive Miss Hooker & any member of your family who can be prevailed upon to visit so secluded a retreat. My girls recollect, with great pleasure, Miss H's short sojourn & only hope it will be much longer another time. Our friend Caple must give up his zoophytic theory for Botrytis. He is busy in starting a Museum at Bury & has written to ask me what Botanical periodicals I would recommend. Kind regards to Lady H. & family & believe me very truly yrs
J. S. Henslow
+ + + + + + + +Available under license only
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+Discusses sending fossils and shells to Woodwardian Collection with Adam Sedgwick and a turtle from Harwich to the Royal College of Surgeons. Encloses a letter to be read and forwarded to ‘McBeath’.
+I enclose my letter to McBeath that you may see what I have said, & then forward it if you wish. I had entended entrusting it to McCoy who was to have examined the specimen but he left yesterday with Sedgwick, & we forgot all about it. He carried off a box of my fossils & a few shells for the Woodwardian. I will forward the Chelonian from Harwich to the College of Surgeons. I have been so thoroughly occupied since my return with my guests and Parish matters that I have not been able to look to it before.
+Believe me
+very truly yrs
+J. S. Henslow
+ + + + + + + + +Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I am to blame & not Annie for neglect in letting you know of the safe arrival of your second kind present. The fact is we have no means of sending to Bury except on Wednesdays & when the carrier enquired for the hamper it had not arrived - & did not till after he had left. So we had to wait another week, & I told Anne I would write when it had turned up at Bury & the bottles were safe in the cellar. You know how occupied minds are apt to forget even such bounden duties as acknowledging presents & will not wonder that altho' it crossed my mind several times to write the occasions were inconvenient & procrastination prevailed. I dare say you will forgive me. Many thanks for attending to Anny's wants & I assure you finds benefit from the physic - which is retained exclusively for her use. I am grieved to hear how weak your digestion must be & the ill consequences that ensue. I find I can't get thro' so much sedentary work as I used to do without dispeptic attacks - but when I take a proper amount of exercise & recreation I can still digest any thing & everything. But I am foolish in often sitting up too late & walking too little - & then my nervous system sets awry & gets my digestive secretions out of order - but I must not grumble at what is so purely my own fault. I find the new arrangements will give me 7 weeks instead of 5 for lectures which I am glad of, as I shall be less hurried & have alternate days for extra work. John Brown of Stanway lately sent me some decomposing vegetable matter from a bed 50 feet below clay which is either Till, (I suppose) more probably re-drifted Till. In this bed he finds remains of Elephant and Rinoceros (near Colchester). He begged me to look at it as he fancied he had found seeds. I examined a piece 1/2 the size of my thumb & picked out about 100 seed vessels & seeds with little bits of beetles & leaves of moss. Some of the seed vessels are very perfect, others much decomposed, but clearly seed vessels, their stalks attached. It takes me too much time to persue the plan I adopted for separating these fruits- I spent six hours over the essay. But when Miss Doorne returns to Hitcham after the holidays I shall set her to work & in a few days I dare say she will separate a few hundred. I have taught her to dissect minute fruits & seeds, & she is preparing such matter for sale, as she has to seek her own livelihood. She does enough (I think) to secure about 3/- for a days work. If you like to venture such a sum for what she can secure from a mass of the Pleistocene peat I'll give her the job as I shall have to give her one for Mr Brown. Nearly or quite one half the mass seems to be small seed vessels - apparently of Juncus, Veronica, perhaps Rumex & other marshy plants. By securing a great many specimens I dare say several forms will be ascertainable. If ever you want minute objects neatly stuck down the aforesaid Miss D. will do it very reasonably to her heart's content.
Yrs affecly
+J .S. Henslow
+ + + + + + +Available under license only
+Zooming image © Cambridge University Library, All rights reserved.
+I know nothing of Mr Acton & his collections, further than by report. He is, I believe, a surgeon, & when the railroad was been tunnelled near Ipswich I understand he purchased (at a high price) some large bones. He probably has some good fossils from the Crag also. But I could advise you not to think of purchasing his collection without a personal inspection. Persons located like himself get most exhalted notions of the value of these things, & are generally grievously disappointed when they are told. J. Brown lately left his fossils & shells to Owen (I am one of his executors) but they were not valued for the probate at more than 50£. He had given some of his best things to the British Museum but his relatives & friends (& perhaps himself) were in the habit of fancying wonderful things of what he still retained. Owen is about to have them removed to the British Museum - intending to select what may be really wanted, & divide the rest between Ipswich & Colchester.
+Have you seen a good critique on Darwin's Book in the Annals of Natural History for this month? I must say it squares perfectly with my ideas, tho I could not have put them on paper so well. I wrote to Darwin lately expressing my conviction that he had quite over-rated the bearing of his facts & I am writing to him today to say I will pay him a visit next week for couple of nights & talk the matter over. I have sent a letter to the Athenaeum this week, producing a fact & asking a question for tho' I now believe the Celts are in undisturbed Drift I believe it extremely probable that this drift is very recent.
Yrs Affectionately J. S. Henslow
+ + +Available under license only
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+Many thanks for the Review. You have so pencilled it, that I have ventured to direct your attention (in a soft pencil) easily rubbed out to a few passages which seem to justify an opinion held by the leading naturalists of London respecting the author vs. that he has a theory of his own to be matured, and is vexed at having been somewhat forestalled. Whether such an idea be right or wrong I can't say, but there are sentences which look wonderfully like private pique, & that are certainly irrelevant, & unnecessarily sneering, seeing how far the author really does agree with the idea of succession by modification (in some way or other) of successive generations. Tho' I don't believe C. D. has solved the problem, it is very clear that O. is looking forward to its solution, & apparently that he is to be solver. If it be in the power of man to solve it, I hope he will, but in the meantime I think he need not be quite so supercilious upon an honest, hardworking & painstaking fellow labourer. I am told this article has lowered O's reputation for fairness in the eyes of some eminent naturalists who studiously avoid, as much as they can, mixing themselves up with the "Odium Scientificum" - if such an expression be allowable
Ever affectionately
+J. S. Henslow
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+I tried to get at you yesterday, but was told you were out of Cambridge. As Tuesday is May 1. I suppose you will be back again. Livering informs me I am combined with you in the form of a sub-committee to organise a 2.S. for the geological portion of the Nat. Sc. Tripos. Of course you must concoct the scheme & expound it more, & if I can assist I will do so. I have sent in my Botanical scheme, & rather think you are the only one who is now left to bring up the rear. In a letter from Lyell on Friday he says Prestwick & Murchison have returned from Amiens & that they consider the Celt-Drift "on the elevation" cotemporaneous with Drift at the bottom of the valley. If this be so, there is an end of the vast antiquity of this Drift - as the valley must have pre-existed, & not have been scooped out subsequently to its deposition. But then we must have a Catachlism (sic) & that Lyell must agree to. He urges me to examine into the point with all possible care. I had expected to have started on June 4th for Amiens with Louisa, but I have received an intimation that the Royal children want a Botanical Salad, after the Zoological repast which Owen has been giving them - & that most probably I shall be asked to concoct 3 or 4 lectures for them in June. Sir Jas Clark has written, & I have expressed myself willing if times & seasons prove agreeable.
Ever Yrs affectly
+J .S. Henslow
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+Additional comment at top of letter:
+I am back on 23d my address til Wednesday will be - Neville's Esq. Dangstein Petersfield
+George's rector, Rev J. Medland, has given me some Saurian remains just found in the lower chalk of this place. I told him I should present them in his name to the Woodwardian. They are fragmentary parts of a jaw, 2 or 3 vertebrae, & some unexposed pieces in lumps of chalk, which it will need the ingenuity of your assistant to unravel. The teeth already exhumed are curved & I hope the fossil maybe some first cousin to a Mososaurus, if not a nearer relative. I think you won't mind paying for the carriage - so I have packed them up in a small box, & shall remit them by rail tomorrow from Shoreham in my way to G. Jenyns near Portsmouth. If you happen to be so fully supplied with such things as not to care about this fragmentary specimen, you can send it on to Ipswich; but I rather think it a good thing though there is not much of it. It is supposed that more is still in the pit; & I have obtained a promise that it shall be sought after when the men resume work, & shall have cleared away some rubbish which at present overlies the spot. I dare stay Livering would like to see it, when it arrives, & might assist (if need be) ascertaining the character of the fossil. I have no book at hand for comparison beyond Lyell's elements, & he is very meagre about Mososaurus & Pterydactyle - in fact gives no description. I am sorry I missed you twice when I called. Barnard told me you had written to him - but the Master took me into Hall on Sunday.
Ever affecly Yrs
+J. S. Henslow
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+On getting home from Kew last night I found yr letter. I never stated that I heard that Owen had
+ stolen any thing beyond the "priority of description" of the Telerpeton (sic) (= Tulerpeton), & had backed his claim by somewhat more that an equivocation. The story told me (so far as I have looked in my memory) was this. Somebody sent to Mantell (for his express use & description, through Lyell) the unique specimen in question. Lyell, in confidence, showed this to Owen, intimating at the time that Mantell was to describe it. Owen was stated to have been seen surreptitiously examining the fossil, after it was sent to the Geol. Soc. & when called on for explanation by the Council, declared he had drawn up his account from another specimen but would not say where this was to be found. I heard all this from Hooker, when naturalists of repute were present & it was admitted as a notorious fact. But may regard this as strictly confidential, for if the story is founded on misapprehension I should be very sorry to have been the means of carrying it to you without naming me, you can ask Hopkins & other members of the Council what passed at the meeting when Owen is said to have made his refutation, & been accused of unfair dealing - & if you ascertain the statements to be untrue, I shall be very glad to undeceive Hooker & through him whoever were his informants & may have been falsely impressed with these ideas. It is grievious enough to find how O. was prejudiced against Mantell, without supposing he could be guilty of so mean a proceeding. But really one hears so many tales, that it is necessary to be extremely cautious among the London Naturalists - lest some of them be no better than fancies prompted by jealousy and ill humours. We expect Mrs Hooker to come here in about 3 weeks & remain til her confinement is over in Feby. She seems remarkably well at present - her summer trip having given her quite a fillip. I have just been subpoened to another Coprolitic trial Lawes v. Batchelor - & be hanged to them -for 16th Decr is my wedding day. All well here.
Ever affy yrs
+J. S. Henslow
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+I must continue to screw (?) out 3 Guineas for the Long-necked, but my own wonderful collections require all I can appropriate to such purposes. Did you ever receive some fresh specimens of the Suffolk Pantocene which I left with Crouch in the Summer? The fossils if you can recollect were of a Quadruped - but the materials it should seem are the traces of some Biped - not far removed from the monkey tribe. I am going to London tomorrow to give the Agarics (sic) a lecture on Wednesday - Daubeny on Thursday. They are determined on considering Oxford & Cambridge the seats of Plough Oracles. Mrs H. has come back in high spirits at her visit. I am longing for the opportunity of congratulating Whewell. Yr friend Mr Sidney sent a few days ago to borrow some drawings from me. He intends giving his neighbours a lecture on Diseases in Wheat.
+Ever yrs sincerely
+J. S. Henslow
+ + + + + + + + +Available under license only
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+Illness has prevented me from paying that attention to your Desiderata, which duty, not less than inclination called upon me to perform. I send you some mosses and all the Jungermanniæ I have. Some of them were, I find, given me by poor Teesdale, & his Autograph will appear attached to some of the Specimens sent. I have taken the liberty of adding some Swiss Specimens, which may be useful to you. I do not, now, collect Exotics, so that it is really & literally giving what is of no use to me. I wish I c d. have done more for your Muscological Collection, I have somewhere, for I cannot for the soul of me find them, a few Foreign Mosses, which sh d. have accompanied this parcel. When they cast up, I will deposit them for you. You have had to do with two of the most liberal as well as most scientific Botanists, in Hooker & Greville. Had I not been so ably anticipated, I c d. have done much more―, having made Muscology a very particular object of my regard. I have done my best, Dear Sir, bad as that best will be found. Sh d. I have the happiness to see you at Croft, a Bottle of Carbonell's Best Claret will settle me acc ts. better than I am able to do it myself.
I am, Dear Sir, your obliged and faithful Friend | Ja s. Dalton
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+Are you sufficiently recovered from the Queen-ferment to listen to a tale of whales-ears? N.B. I bagged a lot this summer, & clearly detect 3 species. I took them to London last week & have left them with Owen to examine & compare. Deck will show you casts of the best of two species. I did not observe the 3d species til the day before I went to Town, as I was cleaning & repairing them. Of course you will claim the best for the Woodwardian. I have also a few lucubrations about Crag-nodules which will perhaps serve for a short communication some evening at the Geol y. I must be in town on Novr. 22d I believe & if that sd be a Geol. night can prepare my strong reasons for asserting them to have all resulted from the disintegration of animal matter - & thence by analogy assert the same of the Green sandstone nodules about Cambridge. Did the Queen relish the Megatherium or the Plesiosaurus most ?
Ever yrs truly
+J. S. Henslow
+ + + + + + + + +Available under license only
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+Thanks for Whewell's wonderful portrait. Leonard pulled out four specimens of Whales' ears from his private store last Monday (when he happened to be here) & one of them I think a decidedly fourth species & possibly another is a fifth. At all events I believe there are 2 genera each containing two species - & a note from Owen to whom I have sent them appears to confirm this view. We spoke of a name for them. He suggests "Otocetes or Otocetites" or "Cetotolithes". I presume the latter wd be the more correct for "Whales-earstone" - the former would be "Eared-Whale-Stone". Let me know - as Mr Deck has the mould for casts of 2 of them & is anxious about a label for them - which I promised to supply. I hope you got a wonderful pamphlet I sent you about Roman remains. I was not aware that Mantell had determined the Green sandstone nodules to be animal matter - but be assured it is the case with the Red Crag nodules as I hope to show you to your satisfaction.
Ever Yrs truly/
+J .S. Henslow
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+O Sedgwick, Sedgwick - mark my prescience! Did I not rightly in saying I would fix no more days for Geological Professions of Geological Professors. "Tell Bunbury I will come before the end of August!" I told him no such thing; for having got a little rap for faithlessness before, I thought it best to wait & see what the end of August would produce. I suppose we must now give you up, like a horrid bad riddle. I must go to Town on Monday week to fetch Fanny & Ann from St Albans. Louisa & I took a drive to Felixstow last week & found a whale's Ear &what looks like a Cachelots tooth! I have got a large stack of the pseudo-coprolitic (?-sic) nodules in their primitive condition from the London Clay at Colchester. Are they transformed bones?? Moreover I am pretty well satisfied that the highly mineralised Whales ears & bones in the Crag are derivatives from the London Clay - a matter of importance in clearing up the comparative climates of the 2 Epochs & accounting for the fortuitous jumble of 5 species in one limited spot. Harriet is considered as decidedly progressing though slowly & not yet venturing down stairs.
Ever affectly yrs
+J. S. Henslow
+ + + + + + + + +Available under license only
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+When at Ipswich last Monday I was shown numerous fragments of Deluvial bones - mostly very decayed & worthless - from the cutting near that town. The best had been disposed of to a Mr Acton of someplace near Ipswich, & he was in treaty for most of the remainder. I was told he had given 5 guineas for a large bone more that 5 feet in circumference. I picked out 3 very small Elephants (?) teeth, which appeared to me curious - some fragments of Megatherium (?) footbones (?) a horse's hoof & the bone to which it disarticulated & one or two other things for which I gave 15/- If you think them worth the money you may have them for the Woodwardian as indeed I had your collection in my eye - but if they are worthless to you they may adorn my attic. I also procured specimens for you of the artificial sandstone. As I come to your dinner I can bring these things with me, if you care to have them - but they need not take an airing to & from Cambridge if you do not. I find it will advantage Charlesworth to take in his journal through a friend at Ipswich, & if you care to give him a lift, in spite of his snarls at Owen perhaps you will authorise me to procure your copies in the same way, & you can receive them via Phil. Soc. as they appear. The subscription is 21/- annually. Girls away at the Bury Ball
Incomplete
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+I left the Turtle at Downing - & if you send to the Porters Lodge for it you can get it. There is a small piece (besides the 2 great masses) which can be glued on. After I wrote to you I found you were fled. We are expecting Romilly next Friday - can't you manage to come with him?
+Ever sincerely & affectly yrs
+J. S. Henslow
+ + + + + + + + +Available under license only
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+I mean to say - that you have the letter press of No. 4 of Sternberg but not the plates. Upon inspection I find the plates have been removed as there is space enough for them at the end, & the cover is coated with glue where they have been fixed. Perhaps you may recollect having taken them out for some purpose of other, or to get them rectified. They begin the small plate 40 & I trace references as far as plate 59 besides some lettered as A to E (I see that in writing before I had thought that C. Stood for 100). In your Brongniart also there appears to be no plate 63 thou' it is referred to in the text & should contain figures of Odontopterides. You have also bound this work up too hastily since some of the plates referred to have only just made their appearance in the 2 first Nos. of Vol. 2d. I suppose No. 3 is not out. I am sorry he publishes the plates so much apart from the text. It renders the latter comparatively useless for a long time after it is out. You don't tell whether you ever heard of any shells like Planorbies in the Yorkshire Coal Field. You may send everthing you like in the way of fossil plants - as I am steadily entered on the subject & the more I get the better I shall understand them. I should like to run my eye over your slices also. I have Witham's book. I have heard nothing from Hutton - to whom I wrote about 3 weeks ago telling him to send me what he liked. Bowman has offered to send a few novelties for inspection only but will send me some others also. By the time you come I shall have have got thro' all I have on hand. I can now identify many - but some are too puzzling without having seen more specimens. Have you Curtis? Have you Schlotheim? As you call me Daf(?) for not letting you know how Mrs H & the young ones get on - I shall not risk the reappellation of such a name - but tell you that the former is much improved in health & can now get about better than she has been able to do for the last 2 or 3 years. The young ones are all fat & plump & seem to enjoy their country pursuits very much - but you must really come & see them & I suspect you will hardly recognise some them from their improved looks. Remember me to Ansted & tell him not to forget my Village collections.
Yours ever and sincerely
+J. S. Henslow
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+Makes arrangements to donate herbarium to the Cambridge Philosophical Society. The herbarium was purchased from Andrew Mathews, a gardener for the Horticultural Society of London, prior to him being sent to South America to collect plants.
+When I had the pleasure of seeing you in the Summer, I mentioned to you that I had a Hortus Siccus, which I would gladly present to the Cambridge Philosophical Society, if I thought it would be acceptable. You assured me it would, & so did your kind Brother in Law M r. Jenyns, to whom also I mentioned my intention. Under this impression, therefore, I have just packed up almost all my Plants (the small remainder I will bring during the Christmas Vacation), & I shall send off the Hamper by Wagon in a day or two, directing it to the Society's House.
The Collection belonged to a M r. Mathews, who was in some way connected with the Horticultural Society. He sold it to me for ₤10, when he was on the eve of leaving this country for Peru. I dare say it was dear, but if it be of any use to the Cambridge Society, I shall rejoice that it fell into my hands.
Will you have the kindness to present it in my name to the Society, to which I feel warmly attached.
+Hoping that you will be in Cambridge, when I visit it, | Believe me, | With sincere regard, | Your's always, | C. S. Bird
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+On reaching home I find a letter from Sedgwick on a subject which appears to have been grossly misrepresented to you, & I think the enclosed letter will set in its proper light. Not long since Sedgwick wrote to me forwarding a letter which had a bearing on the subject of Owen & the Telerpeton, & which gave a very different version of the adventure as you had heard it. I asked him to make some enquiries of Hopkins & other members of the Council without naming me as his informant & ascertain from them the sinews of the case. Hopkins furnished him with these letters, & he allows me to copy them & Ann has just done so & I send them. They clearly exonerate Owen of every such imputation as some person, in ignorance or malice, has cast upon him - & I think it will be no more than common justice to show any person inclined to believe the slander this positive evidence in disproof of it. I was rather suprised after what you told me that Owen should have returned to show himself at Belfast - & certainly he would be unfit for society if the facts had been as asserted to you. Who was your informant I do not know, but he ought to be undeceived, if deceived he is. The charge that he acted surreptitiously in obtaining his descriptions, & that he asserted he took them from another specimen than Mantells, are clearly disproved or explained away by these letters to Hopkins. I am afraid there must be some pique or rancour against Owen in certain quarters which has induced I know not whom to misrepresent facts this grossly & the least we can do is strenuously to rebut such charges seeing how completely they are disproved. Show the letter at once to Thomson who, for one, has received the same impression, & who is no more likely than yourself to wish to be prejudiced against anyone unjustly. We got back apparently untired
+
Ever affecty yrs
+J .S. Henslow
+ + + + + + + + +Available under license only
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+Let me have the best of each vis
+Java - 16.10.0
+374 Borneo - 7.
+23.17.0
+this cuts a hole into the 30£ for the current year - but I generally contrive much to exceed my Museum allowance. C. Doorne shall poison & glue them all forthwith. We get on very steadily together with what I have at Hitcham, & Barnard is now arranging the Lemannian specimens. When your Genera come out they can easily be re-adapted. There were talking at Cambridge about accumulating resources - & having money in hand - & hoping some (?) to set to work about Museums etc. Two or three pamphlets had appeared more or less in favour of the new scheme of degrees for Nat.S.Tripos. Grave's other [Illeg] appears to have got over its difficulties. Mr Leathes (his F.in Law) had 1207 Trees mostly fine ones blown down at Herringfleet!
Yrs affy
+J. S. Henslow
+ + + + + + + + +We start with a letter Charles Lyell sent to Darwin in 1865 where he discusses the latest revision of his book Elements of Geology and relates to Darwin his discussions with various aquaintances about Darwin's own book On the Origin of Species.
+This letter has been transcribed and annotated in TEI-XML by editors from the DCP team in Cambridge.
+Their correspondence began in 1843 when Hooker, just returned from James Clark Ross's Antarctic expedition, and already an admirer of the older man, was approached about working on Darwin's collection of plants from the Beagle voyage.
+Hooker was a frequent visitor to Darwin at his home in Downe, Kent, and became a great favourite of Darwin's children.
+