lightning-rapid-gossip-sync

lightning-rapid-gossip-sync

This crate exposes functionality for rapid gossip graph syncing, aimed primarily at mobile clients. Its server counterpart is the rapid-gossip-sync-server repository.

Mechanism

The (presumed) server sends a compressed gossip response containing gossip data. The gossip data is formatted compactly, omitting signatures and opportunistically incremental where previous channel updates are known.

Essentially, the serialization structure is as follows:

1. Fixed prefix bytes 76, 68, 75 (the first three bytes are ASCII for LDK)
   • The purpose of this prefix is to identify the serialization format, should other rapid gossip sync formats arise in the future
2. Version byte
   • Currently supported versions are 1 and 2
3. Chain hash (32 bytes)
4. Latest seen timestamp (u32)
5. Version 2 only:
   • A byte indicating the number of default node features
   • An array of node features
6. An unsigned int indicating the number of node IDs to follow
7. An array of compressed node ID pubkeys (all pubkeys are presumed to be standard compressed 33-byte-serializations)
   • Version 2 only: Each pubkey is optionally followed by supplemental feature or address information.
8. An unsigned int indicating the number of channel announcement messages to follow
9. An array of significantly stripped down customized channel announcements
10. An unsigned int indicating the number of channel update messages to follow
11. A series of default values used for non-incremental channel updates
    • The values are defined as follows:
      1. default_cltv_expiry_delta
      2. default_htlc_minimum_msat
      3. default_fee_base_msat
      4. default_fee_proportional_millionths
      5. default_htlc_maximum_msat (u64, and if the default is no maximum, u64::MAX)
    • The defaults are calculated by the server based on the frequency among non-incremental updates within a given delta set
12. An array of customized channel updates

You will also notice that NodeAnnouncement messages are omitted altogether as the node IDs are implicitly extracted from the channel announcements and updates.

The data is then applied to the current network graph, artificially dated to the timestamp of the latest seen message less one week, be it an announcement or an update, from the server's perspective. The network graph should not be pruned until the graph sync completes.

Custom Node Announcement (V2 Only)

In version 2 of the RGS protocol, node IDs may be followed by supplemental feature and socket address data. The presence of those additional fields is indicated by utilizing the unused bits of the 33-byte-pubkey parity byte as follows:

128	64	32	16	8	4	2	1
Additional data	Reminder	Feature data	Feature data	Feature data	Address data	Always set	Odd y-coordinate

Note that bit indices 3-5 all indicate feature data. Specifically, if none of the bits are set, that means there is no feature data that follows the pubkey. If a subset of them are set, the bit triplet is interpreted as an index (less one) of the default node features that were supplied prior. If all three bits are set, a custom feature combination is sent.

If there have been no changes to a node, bit index 6 can be set to function as a reminder absent any address or feature data.

Lastly, bit index 7 indicates the presence of additional data, which will allow forwards compatibility.

Custom Channel Announcement

To achieve compactness and avoid data repetition, we're sending a significantly stripped down version of the channel announcement message, which contains only the following data:

1. channel_features: u16 + n, where n is the number of bytes indicated by the first u16
2. short_channel_id: CompactSize (incremental CompactSize deltas starting from 0)
3. node_id_1_index: CompactSize (index of node id within the previously sent sequence)
4. node_id_2_index: CompactSize (index of node id within the previously sent sequence)

Custom Channel Update

For the purpose of rapid syncing, we have deviated from the channel update format specified in BOLT 7 significantly. Our custom channel updates are structured as follows:

1. short_channel_id: CompactSize (incremental CompactSize deltas starting at 0)
2. custom_channel_flags: u8
3. update_data

Specifically, our custom channel flags break down like this:

128	64	32	16	8	4	2	1
Incremental update?						Disable channel?	Direction

If the most significant bit is set to 1, indicating an incremental update, the intermediate bit flags assume the following meaning:

64	32	16	8	4
cltv_expiry_delta has changed	htlc_minimum_msat has changed	fee_base_msat has changed	fee_proportional_millionths has changed	htlc_maximum_msat has changed

If the most significant bit is set to 0, the meaning is almost identical, except instead of a change, the flags now represent a deviation from the defaults sent at the beginning of the update sequence.

In both cases, update_data only contains the fields that are indicated by the channel flags to be non-default or to have mutated.

Delta Calculation

The way a server is meant to calculate this rapid gossip sync data is by taking the latest time any change, be it either an announcement or an update, was seen. That timestamp is included in each rapid sync message, so all the client needs to do is cache one variable.

If a particular channel update had never occurred before, the full update is sent. If a channel has had updates prior to the provided timestamp, the latest update prior to the timestamp is taken as a reference, and the delta is calculated against it.

Depending on whether the rapid sync message is calculated on the fly or a snapshotted version is returned, intermediate changes between the latest update seen by the client and the latest update broadcast on the network may be taken into account when calculating the delta.

Performance

Given the primary purpose of this utility is a faster graph sync, we thought it might be helpful to provide some examples of various delta sets. These examples were calculated as of August 2024 with a network graph comprised of 80,000 channel announcements and 160,000 directed channel updates.

The processing times were averaged over 100 iterations on an iPhone 15 Pro.

Full sync
Message Length	3.3 MB
Gzipped Message Length	1.5 MB
Client-side Processing Time	407 ms

Week-old sync
Message Length	1.7 MB
Gzipped Message Length	566 kB
Client-side Processing Time	283 ms

Day-old sync
Message Length	210 kB
Gzipped Message Length	99 kB
Client-side Processing Time	26 ms