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transformer.py
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transformer.py
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import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.nn import functional as F
# hyperparameters
batch_size = 32 # how many independent sequences will we process in parallel?
block_size = 8 # what is the maximum context length for predictions?
max_iters = 5000
eval_interval = 500
learning_rate = 1e-3
device = 'cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu'
eval_iters = 200
n_embd = 32
# ------------
torch.manual_seed(1337)
with open('tiny-goethe.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
text = f.read()
# here are all the unique characters that occur in this text
chars = sorted(list(set(text)))
vocab_size = len(chars)
# create a mapping from characters to integers
stoi = { ch:i for i,ch in enumerate(chars) }
itos = { i:ch for i,ch in enumerate(chars) }
encode = lambda s: [stoi[c] for c in s] # encoder: take a string, output a list of integers
decode = lambda l: ''.join([itos[i] for i in l]) # decoder: take a list of integers, output a string
# Train and test splits
data = torch.tensor(encode(text), dtype=torch.long)
n = int(0.9*len(data)) # first 90% will be train, rest val
train_data = data[:n]
val_data = data[n:]
# data loading
def get_batch(split):
# generate a small batch of data of inputs x and targets y
data = train_data if split == 'train' else val_data
ix = torch.randint(len(data) - block_size, (batch_size,))
x = torch.stack([data[i:i+block_size] for i in ix])
y = torch.stack([data[i+1:i+block_size+1] for i in ix])
x, y = x.to(device), y.to(device)
return x, y
@torch.no_grad()
def estimate_loss():
# Estimates loss by averaging over multiple batches
out = {}
model.eval()
for split in ['train', 'val']:
losses = torch.zeros(eval_iters)
for k in range(eval_iters):
X, Y = get_batch(split)
logits, loss = model(X, Y)
losses[k] = loss.item()
out[split] = losses.mean()
model.train()
return out
class Head(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, head_size) -> None:
super().__init__()
self.key = nn.Linear(n_embd, head_size, bias=False)
self.query = nn.Linear(n_embd, head_size, bias=False)
self.value = nn.Linear(n_embd, head_size, bias=False)
self.register_buffer('tril', torch.tril(torch.ones(block_size, block_size))) # Buffer is not a parameter subject to backprop, but will be saved with the model
def forward(self, x):
B, T, C = x.shape
k = self.key(x) # (B, T, head_size)
q = self.query(x) # (B, T, head_size)
# Compute attention scores
weights = torch.einsum('bij,bkj -> bik', q, k) * (C**-0.5) # (B, T, head_size)
weights = weights.masked_fill(self.tril[:T,:T] == 0, float('-inf')) # (B, T, T)
weights = F.softmax(weights, dim=-1) # (B, T, T)
v = self.value(x) # (B, T, head_size)
out = torch.einsum('kij,kjl->kil', weights, v) # (B, T, head_size)
return out
class MultiHeadAttention(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, num_heads, head_size) -> None:
super().__init__()
self.heads = nn.ModuleList([Head(head_size) for _ in range(num_heads)])
self.proj = nn.Linear(n_embd, n_embd)
def forward(self, x):
out = torch.cat([h(x) for h in self.heads], dim=-1)
out = self.proj(out)
return out
class FeedForward(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, n_embd) -> None:
super().__init__()
self.net = nn.Sequential(
nn.Linear(n_embd, 4*n_embd),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Linear(4*n_embd, n_embd)
)
def forward(self, x):
return self.net(x)
class Block(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, n_embd, n_head):
super().__init__()
head_size = n_embd // n_head
self.sa = MultiHeadAttention(n_head, head_size)
self.ffwd = FeedForward(n_embd)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.sa(x) + x
x = self.ffwd(x) + x
return x
# super simple bigram model
class BigramLanguageModel(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, vocab_size):
super().__init__()
# each token directly reads off the logits for the next token from a lookup table
self.token_embedding_table = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, n_embd)
self.pos_embedding_table = nn.Embedding(block_size, n_embd)
self.self_att_heads = MultiHeadAttention(4, n_embd//4)
self.ffwd = FeedForward(n_embd)
self.lm_head = nn.Linear(n_embd, vocab_size)
def forward(self, idx, targets=None):
B, T = idx.shape
# idx and targets are both (B,T) tensor of integers
tok_emb = self.token_embedding_table(idx) # (B,T,C)
pos_emb = self.pos_embedding_table(torch.arange(T, device=device)) # (T,C)
x = tok_emb + pos_emb # (B,T,C)
x = self.self_att_heads(x) # (B,T,C)
x = self.ffwd(x) # (B,T,C)
logits = self.lm_head(tok_emb) # (B,T,vocab_size)
if targets is None:
loss = None
else:
B, T, C = logits.shape
logits = logits.view(B*T, C)
targets = targets.view(B*T)
loss = F.cross_entropy(logits, targets)
return logits, loss
def generate(self, idx, max_new_tokens):
# idx is (B, T) array of indices in the current context
for _ in range(max_new_tokens):
idx_cond = idx[:, -block_size:]
# get the predictions
logits, loss = self(idx_cond)
# focus only on the last time step
logits = logits[:, -1, :] # becomes (B, C)
# apply softmax to get probabilities
probs = F.softmax(logits, dim=-1) # (B, C)
# sample from the distribution
idx_next = torch.multinomial(probs, num_samples=1) # (B, 1)
# append sampled index to the running sequence
idx = torch.cat((idx, idx_next), dim=1) # (B, T+1)
return idx
model = BigramLanguageModel(vocab_size)
m = model.to(device)
# create a PyTorch optimizer
optimizer = torch.optim.AdamW(model.parameters(), lr=learning_rate)
for iter in range(max_iters):
# every once in a while evaluate the loss on train and val sets
if iter % eval_interval == 0:
losses = estimate_loss()
print(f"step {iter}: train loss {losses['train']:.4f}, val loss {losses['val']:.4f}")
# sample a batch of data
xb, yb = get_batch('train')
# evaluate the loss
logits, loss = model(xb, yb)
optimizer.zero_grad(set_to_none=True)
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
# generate from the model
context = torch.zeros((1, 1), dtype=torch.long, device=device)
print(decode(m.generate(context, max_new_tokens=500)[0].tolist()))