test_fakeredis.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from time import sleep, time
from redis.exceptions import ResponseError
import inspect
from functools import wraps
import os
import sys
import threading
import unittest

import six
from six.moves.queue import Queue
from nose.plugins.skip import SkipTest
from nose.plugins.attrib import attr
import redis
import redis.client

import fakeredis
from datetime import datetime, timedelta

if not six.PY2:
    long = int


REDIS3 = int(redis.__version__.split('.')[0]) >= 3


def redis_must_be_running(cls):
    # This can probably be improved.  This will determines
    # at import time if the tests should be run, but we probably
    # want it to be when the tests are actually run.
    try:
        r = redis.StrictRedis('localhost', port=6379)
        r.ping()
    except redis.ConnectionError:
        redis_running = False
    else:
        redis_running = True
    if not redis_running:
        for name, attribute in inspect.getmembers(cls):
            if name.startswith('test_'):
                @wraps(attribute)
                def skip_test(*args, **kwargs):
                    raise SkipTest("Redis is not running.")
                setattr(cls, name, skip_test)
        cls.setUp = lambda x: None
        cls.tearDown = lambda x: None
    return cls


def redis2_only(func):
    @wraps(func)
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        if REDIS3:
            raise SkipTest("Test is only applicable to redis-py 2.x")
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
    return wrapper


def redis3_only(func):
    @wraps(func)
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        if not REDIS3:
            raise SkipTest("Test is only applicable to redis-py 3.x+")
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
    return wrapper


def key_val_dict(size=100):
    return {b'key:' + bytes([i]): b'val:' + bytes([i])
            for i in range(size)}


class TestFakeStrictRedis(unittest.TestCase):
    decode_responses = False

    def setUp(self):
        self.server = fakeredis.FakeServer()
        self.redis = self.create_redis()

    def tearDown(self):
        self.redis.flushall()
        del self.redis

    if sys.version_info >= (3,):
        def assertItemsEqual(self, a, b):
            return self.assertCountEqual(a, b)

    def create_redis(self, db=0):
        return fakeredis.FakeStrictRedis(db=db, server=self.server)

    def _round_str(self, x):
        self.assertIsInstance(x, bytes)
        return round(float(x))

    # Wrap some redis commands to abstract differences between redis-py 2 and 3.
    def zadd(self, key, d):
        if REDIS3:
            return self.redis.zadd(key, d)
        else:
            return self.redis.zadd(key, **d)

    def zincrby(self, key, amount, value):
        if REDIS3:
            return self.redis.zincrby(key, amount, value)
        else:
            return self.redis.zincrby(key, value, amount)

    def test_large_command(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar' * 10000)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar' * 10000)

    def test_dbsize(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.dbsize(), 0)
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.redis.set('bar', 'foo')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.dbsize(), 2)

    def test_flushdb(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.keys(), [b'foo'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.flushdb(), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.keys(), [])

    def test_set_then_get(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.set('foo', 'bar'), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')

    @redis2_only
    def test_set_None_value(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.set('foo', None), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'None')

    def test_set_float_value(self):
        x = 1.23456789123456789
        self.redis.set('foo', x)
        self.assertEqual(float(self.redis.get('foo')), x)

    def test_saving_non_ascii_chars_as_value(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.set('foo', 'Ñandu'), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'),
                         u'Ñandu'.encode('utf-8'))

    def test_saving_unicode_type_as_value(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.set('foo', u'Ñandu'), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'),
                         u'Ñandu'.encode('utf-8'))

    def test_saving_non_ascii_chars_as_key(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.set('Ñandu', 'foo'), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('Ñandu'), b'foo')

    def test_saving_unicode_type_as_key(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.set(u'Ñandu', 'foo'), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get(u'Ñandu'), b'foo')

    def test_future_newbytes(self):
        try:
            from builtins import bytes
        except ImportError:
            raise SkipTest('future.types not available')
        self.redis.set(bytes(b'\xc3\x91andu'), 'foo')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get(u'Ñandu'), b'foo')

    def test_future_newstr(self):
        try:
            from builtins import str
        except ImportError:
            raise SkipTest('future.types not available')
        self.redis.set(str(u'Ñandu'), 'foo')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get(u'Ñandu'), b'foo')

    def test_get_does_not_exist(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), None)

    def test_get_with_non_str_keys(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.set('2', 'bar'), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get(2), b'bar')

    def test_get_invalid_type(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hset('foo', 'key', 'value'), 1)
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.get('foo')

    def test_set_non_str_keys(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.set(2, 'bar'), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get(2), b'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('2'), b'bar')

    def test_getbit(self):
        self.redis.setbit('foo', 3, 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.getbit('foo', 0), 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.getbit('foo', 1), 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.getbit('foo', 2), 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.getbit('foo', 3), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.getbit('foo', 4), 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.getbit('foo', 100), 0)

    def test_getbit_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', b'x')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.getbit('foo', 1)

    def test_multiple_bits_set(self):
        self.redis.setbit('foo', 1, 1)
        self.redis.setbit('foo', 3, 1)
        self.redis.setbit('foo', 5, 1)

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.getbit('foo', 0), 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.getbit('foo', 1), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.getbit('foo', 2), 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.getbit('foo', 3), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.getbit('foo', 4), 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.getbit('foo', 5), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.getbit('foo', 6), 0)

    def test_unset_bits(self):
        self.redis.setbit('foo', 1, 1)
        self.redis.setbit('foo', 2, 0)
        self.redis.setbit('foo', 3, 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.getbit('foo', 1), 1)
        self.redis.setbit('foo', 1, 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.getbit('foo', 1), 0)
        self.redis.setbit('foo', 3, 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.getbit('foo', 3), 0)

    def test_get_set_bits(self):
        # set bit 5
        self.assertFalse(self.redis.setbit('a', 5, True))
        self.assertTrue(self.redis.getbit('a', 5))
        # unset bit 4
        self.assertFalse(self.redis.setbit('a', 4, False))
        self.assertFalse(self.redis.getbit('a', 4))
        # set bit 4
        self.assertFalse(self.redis.setbit('a', 4, True))
        self.assertTrue(self.redis.getbit('a', 4))
        # set bit 5 again
        self.assertTrue(self.redis.setbit('a', 5, True))
        self.assertTrue(self.redis.getbit('a', 5))

    def test_setbits_and_getkeys(self):
        # The bit operations and the get commands
        # should play nicely with each other.
        self.redis.setbit('foo', 1, 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'@')
        self.redis.setbit('foo', 2, 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'`')
        self.redis.setbit('foo', 3, 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'p')
        self.redis.setbit('foo', 9, 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'p@')
        self.redis.setbit('foo', 54, 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'p@\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02')

    def test_setbit_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', b'x')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.setbit('foo', 0, 1)

    def test_setbit_expiry(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', b'0x00', ex=10)
        self.redis.setbit('foo', 1, 1)
        self.assertGreater(self.redis.ttl('foo'), 0)

    def test_bitcount(self):
        self.redis.delete('foo')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.bitcount('foo'), 0)
        self.redis.setbit('foo', 1, 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.bitcount('foo'), 1)
        self.redis.setbit('foo', 8, 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.bitcount('foo'), 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.bitcount('foo', 1, 1), 1)
        self.redis.setbit('foo', 57, 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.bitcount('foo'), 3)
        self.redis.set('foo', ' ')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.bitcount('foo'), 1)

    def test_bitcount_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', b'x')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.bitcount('foo')

    def test_getset_not_exist(self):
        val = self.redis.getset('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertEqual(val, None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')

    def test_getset_exists(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        val = self.redis.getset('foo', b'baz')
        self.assertEqual(val, b'bar')
        val = self.redis.getset('foo', b'baz2')
        self.assertEqual(val, b'baz')

    def test_getset_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', b'x')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.getset('foo', 'bar')

    def test_setitem_getitem(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.keys(), [])
        self.redis['foo'] = 'bar'
        self.assertEqual(self.redis['foo'], b'bar')

    def test_getitem_non_existent_key(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.keys(), [])
        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
            self.redis['noexists']

    def test_strlen(self):
        self.redis['foo'] = 'bar'

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.strlen('foo'), 3)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.strlen('noexists'), 0)

    def test_strlen_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', b'x')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.strlen('foo')

    def test_substr(self):
        self.redis['foo'] = 'one_two_three'
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.substr('foo', 0), b'one_two_three')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.substr('foo', 0, 2), b'one')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.substr('foo', 4, 6), b'two')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.substr('foo', -5), b'three')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.substr('foo', -4, -5), b'')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.substr('foo', -5, -3), b'thr')

    def test_substr_noexist_key(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.substr('foo', 0), b'')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.substr('foo', 10), b'')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.substr('foo', -5, -1), b'')

    def test_substr_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', b'x')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.substr('foo', 0)

    def test_append(self):
        self.assertTrue(self.redis.set('foo', 'bar'))
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.append('foo', 'baz'), 6)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'barbaz')

    def test_append_with_no_preexisting_key(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.append('foo', 'bar'), 3)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')

    def test_append_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', b'x')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.append('foo', b'x')

    def test_incr_with_no_preexisting_key(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.incr('foo'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.incr('bar', 2), 2)

    def test_incr_by(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.incrby('foo'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.incrby('bar', 2), 2)

    def test_incr_preexisting_key(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 15)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.incr('foo', 5), 20)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'20')

    def test_incr_expiry(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 15, ex=10)
        self.redis.incr('foo', 5)
        self.assertGreater(self.redis.ttl('foo'), 0)

    def test_incr_bad_type(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.incr('foo', 15)
        self.redis.rpush('foo2', 1)
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.incr('foo2', 15)

    def test_incr_with_float(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.incr('foo', 2.0)

    def test_incr_followed_by_mget(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 15)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.incr('foo', 5), 20)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'20')

    def test_incr_followed_by_mget_returns_strings(self):
        self.redis.incr('foo', 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.mget(['foo']), [b'1'])

    def test_incrbyfloat(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.incrbyfloat('foo', 1.0), 1.0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.incrbyfloat('foo', 1.0), 2.0)

    def test_incrbyfloat_with_noexist(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.incrbyfloat('foo', 1.0), 1.0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.incrbyfloat('foo', 1.0), 2.0)

    def test_incrbyfloat_expiry(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 1.5, ex=10)
        self.redis.incrbyfloat('foo', 2.5)
        self.assertGreater(self.redis.ttl('foo'), 0)

    def test_incrbyfloat_bad_type(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaisesRegexp(redis.ResponseError, 'not a valid float'):
            self.redis.incrbyfloat('foo', 1.0)
        self.redis.rpush('foo2', 1)
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.incrbyfloat('foo2', 1.0)

    def test_incrbyfloat_precision(self):
        x = 1.23456789123456789
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.incrbyfloat('foo', x), x)
        self.assertEqual(float(self.redis.get('foo')), x)

    def test_decr(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 10)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.decr('foo'), 9)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'9')

    def test_decr_newkey(self):
        self.redis.decr('foo')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'-1')

    def test_decr_expiry(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 10, ex=10)
        self.redis.decr('foo', 5)
        self.assertGreater(self.redis.ttl('foo'), 0)

    def test_decr_badtype(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.decr('foo', 15)
        self.redis.rpush('foo2', 1)
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.decr('foo2', 15)

    def test_keys(self):
        self.redis.set('', 'empty')
        self.redis.set('abc\n', '')
        self.redis.set('abc\\', '')
        self.redis.set('abcde', '')
        if self.decode_responses:
            self.assertEqual(sorted(self.redis.keys()),
                             [b'', b'abc\n', b'abc\\', b'abcde'])
        else:
            self.redis.set(b'\xfe\xcd', '')
            self.assertEqual(sorted(self.redis.keys()),
                             [b'', b'abc\n', b'abc\\', b'abcde', b'\xfe\xcd'])
            self.assertEqual(self.redis.keys('??'), [b'\xfe\xcd'])
        # empty pattern not the same as no pattern
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.keys(''), [b''])
        # ? must match \n
        self.assertEqual(sorted(self.redis.keys('abc?')),
                         [b'abc\n', b'abc\\'])
        # must be anchored at both ends
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.keys('abc'), [])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.keys('bcd'), [])
        # wildcard test
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.keys('a*de'), [b'abcde'])
        # positive groups
        self.assertEqual(sorted(self.redis.keys('abc[d\n]*')),
                         [b'abc\n', b'abcde'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.keys('abc[c-e]?'), [b'abcde'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.keys('abc[e-c]?'), [b'abcde'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.keys('abc[e-e]?'), [])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.keys('abcd[ef'), [b'abcde'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.keys('abcd[]'), [])
        # negative groups
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.keys('abc[^d\\\\]*'), [b'abc\n'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.keys('abc[^]e'), [b'abcde'])
        # escaping
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.keys(r'abc\?e'), [])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.keys(r'abc\de'), [b'abcde'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.keys(r'abc[\d]e'), [b'abcde'])
        # some escaping cases that redis handles strangely
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.keys('abc\\'), [b'abc\\'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.keys(r'abc[\c-e]e'), [])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.keys(r'abc[c-\e]e'), [])

    def test_exists(self):
        self.assertFalse('foo' in self.redis)
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertTrue('foo' in self.redis)

    def test_contains(self):
        self.assertFalse(self.redis.exists('foo'))
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertTrue(self.redis.exists('foo'))

    def test_rename(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'unique value')
        self.assertTrue(self.redis.rename('foo', 'bar'))
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('bar'), b'unique value')

    def test_rename_nonexistent_key(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.rename('foo', 'bar')

    def test_renamenx_doesnt_exist(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'unique value')
        self.assertTrue(self.redis.renamenx('foo', 'bar'))
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('bar'), b'unique value')

    def test_rename_does_exist(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'unique value')
        self.redis.set('bar', 'unique value2')
        self.assertFalse(self.redis.renamenx('foo', 'bar'))
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'unique value')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('bar'), b'unique value2')

    def test_rename_expiry(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'value1', ex=10)
        self.redis.set('bar', 'value2')
        self.redis.rename('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertGreater(self.redis.ttl('bar'), 0)

    def test_mget(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.set('bar', 'two')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.mget(['foo', 'bar']), [b'one', b'two'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.mget(['foo', 'bar', 'baz']),
                         [b'one', b'two', None])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.mget('foo', 'bar'), [b'one', b'two'])

    @redis2_only
    def test_mget_none(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.set('bar', 'two')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.mget('foo', 'bar', None),
                         [b'one', b'two', None])

    def test_mget_with_no_keys(self):
        if REDIS3:
            self.assertEqual(self.redis.mget([]), [])
        else:
            with self.assertRaisesRegexp(
                    redis.ResponseError, 'wrong number of arguments'):
                self.redis.mget([])

    def test_mget_mixed_types(self):
        self.redis.hset('hash', 'bar', 'baz')
        self.zadd('zset', {'bar': 1})
        self.redis.sadd('set', 'member')
        self.redis.rpush('list', 'item1')
        self.redis.set('string', 'value')
        self.assertEqual(
            self.redis.mget(['hash', 'zset', 'set', 'string', 'absent']),
            [None, None, None, b'value', None])

    def test_mset_with_no_keys(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.mset({})

    def test_mset(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.mset({'foo': 'one', 'bar': 'two'}), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.mset({'foo': 'one', 'bar': 'two'}), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.mget('foo', 'bar'), [b'one', b'two'])

    @redis2_only
    def test_mset_accepts_kwargs(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            self.redis.mset(foo='one', bar='two'), True)
        self.assertEqual(
            self.redis.mset(foo='one', baz='three'), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.mget('foo', 'bar', 'baz'),
                         [b'one', b'two', b'three'])

    def test_msetnx(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.msetnx({'foo': 'one', 'bar': 'two'}),
                         True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.msetnx({'bar': 'two', 'baz': 'three'}),
                         False)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.mget('foo', 'bar', 'baz'),
                         [b'one', b'two', None])

    def test_setex(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.setex('foo', 100, 'bar'), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')

    def test_setex_using_timedelta(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            self.redis.setex('foo', timedelta(seconds=100), 'bar'), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')

    def test_setex_using_float(self):
        self.assertRaisesRegexp(
            redis.ResponseError, 'integer', self.redis.setex, 'foo', 1.2,
            'bar')

    def test_set_ex(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.set('foo', 'bar', ex=100), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')

    def test_set_ex_using_timedelta(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            self.redis.set('foo', 'bar', ex=timedelta(seconds=100)), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')

    def test_set_px(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.set('foo', 'bar', px=100), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')

    def test_set_px_using_timedelta(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            self.redis.set('foo', 'bar', px=timedelta(milliseconds=100)), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')

    def test_set_raises_wrong_ex(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ResponseError):
            self.redis.set('foo', 'bar', ex=-100)
        with self.assertRaises(ResponseError):
            self.redis.set('foo', 'bar', ex=0)
        self.assertFalse(self.redis.exists('foo'))

    def test_set_using_timedelta_raises_wrong_ex(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ResponseError):
            self.redis.set('foo', 'bar', ex=timedelta(seconds=-100))
        with self.assertRaises(ResponseError):
            self.redis.set('foo', 'bar', ex=timedelta(seconds=0))
        self.assertFalse(self.redis.exists('foo'))

    def test_set_raises_wrong_px(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ResponseError):
            self.redis.set('foo', 'bar', px=-100)
        with self.assertRaises(ResponseError):
            self.redis.set('foo', 'bar', px=0)
        self.assertFalse(self.redis.exists('foo'))

    def test_set_using_timedelta_raises_wrong_px(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ResponseError):
            self.redis.set('foo', 'bar', px=timedelta(milliseconds=-100))
        with self.assertRaises(ResponseError):
            self.redis.set('foo', 'bar', px=timedelta(milliseconds=0))
        self.assertFalse(self.redis.exists('foo'))

    def test_setex_raises_wrong_ex(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ResponseError):
            self.redis.setex('foo', -100, 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(ResponseError):
            self.redis.setex('foo', 0, 'bar')
        self.assertFalse(self.redis.exists('foo'))

    def test_setex_using_timedelta_raises_wrong_ex(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ResponseError):
            self.redis.setex('foo', timedelta(seconds=-100), 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(ResponseError):
            self.redis.setex('foo', timedelta(seconds=-100), 'bar')
        self.assertFalse(self.redis.exists('foo'))

    def test_setnx(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.setnx('foo', 'bar'), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.setnx('foo', 'baz'), False)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')

    def test_set_nx(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.set('foo', 'bar', nx=True), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.set('foo', 'bar', nx=True), None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')

    def test_set_xx(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.set('foo', 'bar', xx=True), None)
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.set('foo', 'bar', xx=True), True)

    def test_del_operator(self):
        self.redis['foo'] = 'bar'
        del self.redis['foo']
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), None)

    def test_delete(self):
        self.redis['foo'] = 'bar'
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.delete('foo'), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), None)

    def test_echo(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.echo(b'hello'), b'hello')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.echo('hello'), b'hello')

    @attr('slow')
    def test_delete_expire(self):
        self.redis.set("foo", "bar", ex=1)
        self.redis.delete("foo")
        self.redis.set("foo", "bar")
        sleep(2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get("foo"), b'bar')

    def test_delete_multiple(self):
        self.redis['one'] = 'one'
        self.redis['two'] = 'two'
        self.redis['three'] = 'three'
        # Since redis>=2.7.6 returns number of deleted items.
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.delete('one', 'two'), 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('one'), None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('two'), None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('three'), b'three')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.delete('one', 'two'), 0)
        # If any keys are deleted, True is returned.
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.delete('two', 'three', 'three'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('three'), None)

    def test_delete_nonexistent_key(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.delete('foo'), False)

    # Tests for the list type.

    @redis2_only
    def test_rpush_then_lrange_with_nested_list1(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.rpush('foo', [long(12345), long(6789)]), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.rpush('foo', [long(54321), long(9876)]), 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange(
            'foo', 0, -1), ['[12345L, 6789L]', '[54321L, 9876L]'] if six.PY2 else
                           [b'[12345, 6789]', b'[54321, 9876]'])

    @redis2_only
    def test_rpush_then_lrange_with_nested_list2(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.rpush('foo', [long(12345), 'banana']), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.rpush('foo', [long(54321), 'elephant']), 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange(
            'foo', 0, -1),
            ['[12345L, \'banana\']', '[54321L, \'elephant\']'] if six.PY2 else
            [b'[12345, \'banana\']', b'[54321, \'elephant\']'])

    @redis2_only
    def test_rpush_then_lrange_with_nested_list3(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.rpush('foo', [long(12345), []]), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.rpush('foo', [long(54321), []]), 2)

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange(
            'foo', 0, -1), ['[12345L, []]', '[54321L, []]'] if six.PY2 else
                           [b'[12345, []]', b'[54321, []]'])

    def test_lpush_then_lrange_all(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lpush('foo', 'bar'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lpush('foo', 'baz'), 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lpush('foo', 'bam', 'buzz'), 4)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', 0, -1),
                         [b'buzz', b'bam', b'baz', b'bar'])

    def test_lpush_then_lrange_portion(self):
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'two')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'three')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'four')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', 0, 2),
                         [b'four', b'three', b'two'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', 0, 3),
                         [b'four', b'three', b'two', b'one'])

    def test_lrange_negative_indices(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'a', 'b', 'c')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', -1, -2), [])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', -2, -1),
                         [b'b', b'c'])

    def test_lpush_key_does_not_exist(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', 0, -1), [])

    def test_lpush_with_nonstr_key(self):
        self.redis.lpush(1, 'one')
        self.redis.lpush(1, 'two')
        self.redis.lpush(1, 'three')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange(1, 0, 2),
                         [b'three', b'two', b'one'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('1', 0, 2),
                         [b'three', b'two', b'one'])

    def test_lpush_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.lpush('foo', 'element')

    def test_llen(self):
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'two')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'three')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.llen('foo'), 3)

    def test_llen_no_exist(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.llen('foo'), 0)

    def test_llen_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.llen('foo')

    def test_lrem_positive_count(self):
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'same')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'same')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'different')
        self.redis.lrem('foo', 2, 'same')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', 0, -1), [b'different'])

    def test_lrem_negative_count(self):
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'removeme')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'three')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'two')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'removeme')
        self.redis.lrem('foo', -1, 'removeme')
        # Should remove it from the end of the list,
        # leaving the 'removeme' from the front of the list alone.
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', 0, -1),
                         [b'removeme', b'one', b'two', b'three'])

    def test_lrem_zero_count(self):
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.lrem('foo', 0, 'one')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', 0, -1), [])

    def test_lrem_default_value(self):
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.lrem('foo', 0, 'one')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', 0, -1), [])

    def test_lrem_does_not_exist(self):
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.lrem('foo', 0, 'one')
        # These should be noops.
        self.redis.lrem('foo', -2, 'one')
        self.redis.lrem('foo', 2, 'one')

    def test_lrem_return_value(self):
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'one')
        count = self.redis.lrem('foo', 0, 'one')
        self.assertEqual(count, 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrem('foo', 0, 'one'), 0)

    def test_lrem_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.lrem('foo', 0, 'element')

    def test_rpush(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'two')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'three')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'four', 'five')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', 0, -1),
                         [b'one', b'two', b'three', b'four', b'five'])

    def test_rpush_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.rpush('foo', 'element')

    def test_lpop(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.rpush('foo', 'one'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.rpush('foo', 'two'), 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.rpush('foo', 'three'), 3)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lpop('foo'), b'one')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lpop('foo'), b'two')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lpop('foo'), b'three')

    def test_lpop_empty_list(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.lpop('foo')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lpop('foo'), None)
        # Verify what happens if we try to pop from a key
        # we've never seen before.
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lpop('noexists'), None)

    def test_lpop_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.lpop('foo')

    def test_lset(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'two')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'three')
        self.redis.lset('foo', 0, 'four')
        self.redis.lset('foo', -2, 'five')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', 0, -1),
                         [b'four', b'five', b'three'])

    def test_lset_index_out_of_range(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'one')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.lset('foo', 3, 'three')

    def test_lset_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.lset('foo', 0, 'element')

    def test_rpushx(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.rpushx('foo', 'two')
        self.redis.rpushx('bar', 'three')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', 0, -1), [b'one', b'two'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('bar', 0, -1), [])

    def test_rpushx_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.rpushx('foo', 'element')

    def test_ltrim(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'two')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'three')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'four')

        self.assertTrue(self.redis.ltrim('foo', 1, 3))
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', 0, -1), [b'two', b'three',
                                                           b'four'])
        self.assertTrue(self.redis.ltrim('foo', 1, -1))
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', 0, -1), [b'three', b'four'])

    def test_ltrim_with_non_existent_key(self):
        self.assertTrue(self.redis.ltrim('foo', 0, -1))

    def test_ltrim_expiry(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'one', 'two', 'three')
        self.redis.expire('foo', 10)
        self.redis.ltrim('foo', 1, 2)
        self.assertGreater(self.redis.ttl('foo'), 0)

    def test_ltrim_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.ltrim('foo', 1, -1)

    def test_lindex(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'two')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lindex('foo', 0), b'one')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lindex('foo', 4), None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lindex('bar', 4), None)

    def test_lindex_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.lindex('foo', 0)

    def test_lpushx(self):
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'two')
        self.redis.lpushx('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.lpushx('bar', 'one')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', 0, -1), [b'one', b'two'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('bar', 0, -1), [])

    def test_lpushx_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.lpushx('foo', 'element')

    def test_rpop(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.rpop('foo'), None)
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'two')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.rpop('foo'), b'two')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.rpop('foo'), b'one')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.rpop('foo'), None)

    def test_rpop_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.rpop('foo')

    def test_linsert_before(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'hello')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'world')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.linsert('foo', 'before', 'world', 'there'),
                         3)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', 0, -1),
                         [b'hello', b'there', b'world'])

    def test_linsert_after(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'hello')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'world')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.linsert('foo', 'after', 'hello', 'there'),
                         3)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', 0, -1),
                         [b'hello', b'there', b'world'])

    def test_linsert_no_pivot(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'hello')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'world')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.linsert('foo', 'after', 'goodbye', 'bar'),
                         -1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', 0, -1),
                         [b'hello', b'world'])

    def test_linsert_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.linsert('foo', 'after', 'bar', 'element')

    def test_rpoplpush(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.rpoplpush('foo', 'bar'), None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lpop('bar'), None)
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'two')
        self.redis.rpush('bar', 'one')

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.rpoplpush('foo', 'bar'), b'two')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', 0, -1), [b'one'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('bar', 0, -1), [b'two', b'one'])

        # Catch instances where we store bytes and strings inconsistently
        # and thus bar = ['two', b'one']
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrem('bar', -1, 'two'), 1)

    def test_rpoplpush_to_nonexistent_destination(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'one')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.rpoplpush('foo', 'bar'), b'one')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.rpop('bar'), b'one')

    def test_rpoplpush_expiry(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.rpush('bar', 'two')
        self.redis.expire('bar', 10)
        self.redis.rpoplpush('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertGreater(self.redis.ttl('bar'), 0)

    def test_rpoplpush_one_to_self(self):
        self.redis.rpush('list', 'element')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.brpoplpush('list', 'list'), b'element')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('list', 0, -1), [b'element'])

    def test_rpoplpush_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.redis.rpush('list', 'element')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.rpoplpush('foo', 'list')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('list', 0, -1), [b'element'])
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.rpoplpush('list', 'foo')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('list', 0, -1), [b'element'])

    def test_blpop_single_list(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'two')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'three')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.blpop(['foo'], timeout=1),
                         (b'foo', b'one'))

    def test_blpop_test_multiple_lists(self):
        self.redis.rpush('baz', 'zero')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.blpop(['foo', 'baz'], timeout=1),
                         (b'baz', b'zero'))
        self.assertFalse(self.redis.exists('baz'))

        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'two')
        # bar has nothing, so the returned value should come
        # from foo.
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.blpop(['bar', 'foo'], timeout=1),
                         (b'foo', b'one'))
        self.redis.rpush('bar', 'three')
        # bar now has something, so the returned value should come
        # from bar.
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.blpop(['bar', 'foo'], timeout=1),
                         (b'bar', b'three'))
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.blpop(['bar', 'foo'], timeout=1),
                         (b'foo', b'two'))

    def test_blpop_allow_single_key(self):
        # blpop converts single key arguments to a one element list.
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'one')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.blpop('foo', timeout=1), (b'foo', b'one'))

    @attr('slow')
    def test_blpop_block(self):
        def push_thread():
            sleep(0.5)
            self.redis.rpush('foo', 'value1')
            sleep(0.5)
            # Will wake the condition variable
            self.redis.set('bar', 'go back to sleep some more')
            self.redis.rpush('foo', 'value2')

        thread = threading.Thread(target=push_thread)
        thread.start()
        try:
            self.assertEqual(self.redis.blpop('foo'), (b'foo', b'value1'))
            self.assertEqual(self.redis.blpop('foo', timeout=5), (b'foo', b'value2'))
        finally:
            thread.join()

    def test_blpop_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.blpop('foo', timeout=1)

    def test_blpop_transaction(self):
        p = self.redis.pipeline()
        p.multi()
        p.blpop('missing', timeout=1000)
        result = p.execute()
        # Blocking commands behave like non-blocking versions in transactions
        self.assertEqual(result, [None])

    def test_eval_blpop(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError) as cm:
            self.redis.eval('return redis.pcall("BLPOP", KEYS[1], 1)', 1, 'foo')
        self.assertIn('not allowed from scripts', str(cm.exception))

    def test_brpop_test_multiple_lists(self):
        self.redis.rpush('baz', 'zero')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.brpop(['foo', 'baz'], timeout=1),
                         (b'baz', b'zero'))
        self.assertFalse(self.redis.exists('baz'))

        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'two')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.brpop(['bar', 'foo'], timeout=1),
                         (b'foo', b'two'))

    def test_brpop_single_key(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'two')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.brpop('foo', timeout=1),
                         (b'foo', b'two'))

    @attr('slow')
    def test_brpop_block(self):
        def push_thread():
            sleep(0.5)
            self.redis.rpush('foo', 'value1')
            sleep(0.5)
            # Will wake the condition variable
            self.redis.set('bar', 'go back to sleep some more')
            self.redis.rpush('foo', 'value2')

        thread = threading.Thread(target=push_thread)
        thread.start()
        try:
            self.assertEqual(self.redis.brpop('foo'), (b'foo', b'value1'))
            self.assertEqual(self.redis.brpop('foo', timeout=5), (b'foo', b'value2'))
        finally:
            thread.join()

    def test_brpop_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.brpop('foo', timeout=1)

    def test_brpoplpush_multi_keys(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lpop('bar'), None)
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'two')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.brpoplpush('foo', 'bar', timeout=1),
                         b'two')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('bar', 0, -1), [b'two'])

        # Catch instances where we store bytes and strings inconsistently
        # and thus bar = ['two']
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrem('bar', -1, 'two'), 1)

    def test_brpoplpush_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.redis.rpush('list', 'element')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.brpoplpush('foo', 'list')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('list', 0, -1), [b'element'])
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.brpoplpush('list', 'foo')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('list', 0, -1), [b'element'])

    @attr('slow')
    def test_blocking_operations_when_empty(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.blpop(['foo'], timeout=1),
                         None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.blpop(['bar', 'foo'], timeout=1),
                         None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.brpop('foo', timeout=1),
                         None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.brpoplpush('foo', 'bar', timeout=1),
                         None)

    def test_empty_list(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'bar')
        self.redis.rpop('foo')
        self.assertFalse(self.redis.exists('foo'))

    # Tests for the hash type.

    def test_hstrlen_missing(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hstrlen('foo', 'doesnotexist'), 0)

        self.redis.hset('foo', 'key', 'value')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hstrlen('foo', 'doesnotexist'), 0)

    def test_hstrlen(self):
        self.redis.hset('foo', 'key', 'value')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hstrlen('foo', 'key'), 5)

    def test_hset_then_hget(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hset('foo', 'key', 'value'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hget('foo', 'key'), b'value')

    def test_hset_update(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hset('foo', 'key', 'value'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hset('foo', 'key', 'value'), 0)

    def test_hset_wrong_type(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'bar': 1})
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.hset('foo', 'key', 'value')

    def test_hgetall(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hset('foo', 'k1', 'v1'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hset('foo', 'k2', 'v2'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hset('foo', 'k3', 'v3'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hgetall('foo'), {b'k1': b'v1',
                                                     b'k2': b'v2',
                                                     b'k3': b'v3'})

    @redis2_only
    def test_hgetall_with_tuples(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hset('foo', (1, 2), (1, 2, 3)), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hgetall('foo'), {b'(1, 2)': b'(1, 2, 3)'})

    def test_hgetall_empty_key(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hgetall('foo'), {})

    def test_hgetall_wrong_type(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'bar': 1})
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.hgetall('foo')

    def test_hexists(self):
        self.redis.hset('foo', 'bar', 'v1')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hexists('foo', 'bar'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hexists('foo', 'baz'), 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hexists('bar', 'bar'), 0)

    def test_hexists_wrong_type(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'bar': 1})
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.hexists('foo', 'key')

    def test_hkeys(self):
        self.redis.hset('foo', 'k1', 'v1')
        self.redis.hset('foo', 'k2', 'v2')
        self.assertEqual(set(self.redis.hkeys('foo')), {b'k1', b'k2'})
        self.assertEqual(set(self.redis.hkeys('bar')), set())

    def test_hkeys_wrong_type(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'bar': 1})
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.hkeys('foo')

    def test_hlen(self):
        self.redis.hset('foo', 'k1', 'v1')
        self.redis.hset('foo', 'k2', 'v2')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hlen('foo'), 2)

    def test_hlen_wrong_type(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'bar': 1})
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.hlen('foo')

    def test_hvals(self):
        self.redis.hset('foo', 'k1', 'v1')
        self.redis.hset('foo', 'k2', 'v2')
        self.assertEqual(set(self.redis.hvals('foo')), {b'v1', b'v2'})
        self.assertEqual(set(self.redis.hvals('bar')), set())

    def test_hvals_wrong_type(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'bar': 1})
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.hvals('foo')

    def test_hmget(self):
        self.redis.hset('foo', 'k1', 'v1')
        self.redis.hset('foo', 'k2', 'v2')
        self.redis.hset('foo', 'k3', 'v3')
        # Normal case.
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hmget('foo', ['k1', 'k3']), [b'v1', b'v3'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hmget('foo', 'k1', 'k3'), [b'v1', b'v3'])
        # Key does not exist.
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hmget('bar', ['k1', 'k3']), [None, None])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hmget('bar', 'k1', 'k3'), [None, None])
        # Some keys in the hash do not exist.
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hmget('foo', ['k1', 'k500']),
                         [b'v1', None])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hmget('foo', 'k1', 'k500'),
                         [b'v1', None])

    def test_hmget_wrong_type(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'bar': 1})
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.hmget('foo', 'key1', 'key2')

    def test_hdel(self):
        self.redis.hset('foo', 'k1', 'v1')
        self.redis.hset('foo', 'k2', 'v2')
        self.redis.hset('foo', 'k3', 'v3')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hget('foo', 'k1'), b'v1')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hdel('foo', 'k1'), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hget('foo', 'k1'), None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hdel('foo', 'k1'), False)
        # Since redis>=2.7.6 returns number of deleted items.
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hdel('foo', 'k2', 'k3'), 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hget('foo', 'k2'), None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hget('foo', 'k3'), None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hdel('foo', 'k2', 'k3'), False)

    def test_hdel_wrong_type(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'bar': 1})
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.hdel('foo', 'key')

    def test_hincrby(self):
        self.redis.hset('foo', 'counter', 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hincrby('foo', 'counter'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hincrby('foo', 'counter'), 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hincrby('foo', 'counter'), 3)

    def test_hincrby_with_no_starting_value(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hincrby('foo', 'counter'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hincrby('foo', 'counter'), 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hincrby('foo', 'counter'), 3)

    def test_hincrby_with_range_param(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hincrby('foo', 'counter', 2), 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hincrby('foo', 'counter', 2), 4)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hincrby('foo', 'counter', 2), 6)

    def test_hincrby_wrong_type(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'bar': 1})
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.hincrby('foo', 'key', 2)

    def test_hincrbyfloat(self):
        self.redis.hset('foo', 'counter', 0.0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hincrbyfloat('foo', 'counter'), 1.0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hincrbyfloat('foo', 'counter'), 2.0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hincrbyfloat('foo', 'counter'), 3.0)

    def test_hincrbyfloat_with_no_starting_value(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hincrbyfloat('foo', 'counter'), 1.0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hincrbyfloat('foo', 'counter'), 2.0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hincrbyfloat('foo', 'counter'), 3.0)

    def test_hincrbyfloat_with_range_param(self):
        self.assertAlmostEqual(
            self.redis.hincrbyfloat('foo', 'counter', 0.1), 0.1)
        self.assertAlmostEqual(
            self.redis.hincrbyfloat('foo', 'counter', 0.1), 0.2)
        self.assertAlmostEqual(
            self.redis.hincrbyfloat('foo', 'counter', 0.1), 0.3)

    def test_hincrbyfloat_on_non_float_value_raises_error(self):
        self.redis.hset('foo', 'counter', 'cat')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.hincrbyfloat('foo', 'counter')

    def test_hincrbyfloat_with_non_float_amount_raises_error(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.hincrbyfloat('foo', 'counter', 'cat')

    def test_hincrbyfloat_wrong_type(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'bar': 1})
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.hincrbyfloat('foo', 'key', 0.1)

    def test_hincrbyfloat_precision(self):
        x = 1.23456789123456789
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hincrbyfloat('foo', 'bar', x), x)
        self.assertEqual(float(self.redis.hget('foo', 'bar')), x)

    def test_hsetnx(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hsetnx('foo', 'newkey', 'v1'), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hsetnx('foo', 'newkey', 'v1'), False)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hget('foo', 'newkey'), b'v1')

    def test_hmsetset_empty_raises_error(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.DataError):
            self.redis.hmset('foo', {})

    def test_hmsetset(self):
        self.redis.hset('foo', 'k1', 'v1')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.hmset('foo', {'k2': 'v2', 'k3': 'v3'}),
                         True)

    @redis2_only
    def test_hmset_convert_values(self):
        self.redis.hmset('foo', {'k1': True, 'k2': 1})
        self.assertEqual(
            self.redis.hgetall('foo'), {b'k1': b'True', b'k2': b'1'})

    @redis2_only
    def test_hmset_does_not_mutate_input_params(self):
        original = {'key': [123, 456]}
        self.redis.hmset('foo', original)
        self.assertEqual(original, {'key': [123, 456]})

    def test_hmset_wrong_type(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'bar': 1})
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.hmset('foo', {'key': 'value'})

    def test_empty_hash(self):
        self.redis.hset('foo', 'bar', 'baz')
        self.redis.hdel('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertFalse(self.redis.exists('foo'))

    def test_sadd(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member1'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member1'), 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.smembers('foo'), {b'member1'})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member2', 'member3'), 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.smembers('foo'),
                         {b'member1', b'member2', b'member3'})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member3', 'member4'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.smembers('foo'),
                         {b'member1', b'member2', b'member3', b'member4'})

    def test_sadd_as_str_type(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sadd('foo', *range(3)), 3)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.smembers('foo'), {b'0', b'1', b'2'})

    def test_sadd_wrong_type(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'member': 1})
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member2')

    def test_scan_single(self):
        self.redis.set('foo1', 'bar1')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.scan(match="foo*"), (0, [b'foo1']))

    def test_scan_iter_single_page(self):
        self.redis.set('foo1', 'bar1')
        self.redis.set('foo2', 'bar2')
        self.assertEqual(set(self.redis.scan_iter(match="foo*")),
                         {b'foo1', b'foo2'})
        self.assertEqual(set(self.redis.scan_iter()),
                         {b'foo1', b'foo2'})
        self.assertEqual(set(self.redis.scan_iter(match="")),
                         set())

    def test_scan_iter_multiple_pages(self):
        all_keys = key_val_dict(size=100)
        self.assertTrue(
            all(self.redis.set(k, v) for k, v in all_keys.items()))
        self.assertEqual(
            set(self.redis.scan_iter()),
            set(all_keys))

    def test_scan_iter_multiple_pages_with_match(self):
        all_keys = key_val_dict(size=100)
        self.assertTrue(
            all(self.redis.set(k, v) for k, v in all_keys.items()))
        # Now add a few keys that don't match the key:<number> pattern.
        self.redis.set('otherkey', 'foo')
        self.redis.set('andanother', 'bar')
        actual = set(self.redis.scan_iter(match='key:*'))
        self.assertEqual(actual, set(all_keys))

    def test_scan_multiple_pages_with_count_arg(self):
        all_keys = key_val_dict(size=100)
        self.assertTrue(
            all(self.redis.set(k, v) for k, v in all_keys.items()))
        self.assertEqual(
            set(self.redis.scan_iter(count=1000)),
            set(all_keys))

    def test_scan_all_in_single_call(self):
        all_keys = key_val_dict(size=100)
        self.assertTrue(
            all(self.redis.set(k, v) for k, v in all_keys.items()))
        # Specify way more than the 100 keys we've added.
        actual = self.redis.scan(count=1000)
        self.assertEqual(set(actual[1]), set(all_keys))
        self.assertEqual(actual[0], 0)

    @attr('slow')
    def test_scan_expired_key(self):
        self.redis.set('expiringkey', 'value')
        self.redis.pexpire('expiringkey', 1)
        sleep(1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.scan()[1], [])

    def test_scard(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member1')
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member2')
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member2')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.scard('foo'), 2)

    def test_scard_wrong_type(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'member': 1})
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.scard('foo')

    def test_sdiff(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member1')
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member2')
        self.redis.sadd('bar', 'member2')
        self.redis.sadd('bar', 'member3')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sdiff('foo', 'bar'), {b'member1'})
        # Original sets shouldn't be modified.
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.smembers('foo'),
                         {b'member1', b'member2'})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.smembers('bar'),
                         {b'member2', b'member3'})

    def test_sdiff_one_key(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member1')
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member2')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sdiff('foo'),
                         {b'member1', b'member2'})

    def test_sdiff_empty(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sdiff('foo'), set())

    def test_sdiff_wrong_type(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'member': 1})
        self.redis.sadd('bar', 'member')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.sdiff('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.sdiff('bar', 'foo')

    def test_sdiffstore(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member1')
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member2')
        self.redis.sadd('bar', 'member2')
        self.redis.sadd('bar', 'member3')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sdiffstore('baz', 'foo', 'bar'), 1)

        # Catch instances where we store bytes and strings inconsistently
        # and thus baz = {'member1', b'member1'}
        self.redis.sadd('baz', 'member1')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.scard('baz'), 1)

    def test_setrange(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'test')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.setrange('foo', 1, 'aste'), 5)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'taste')

        self.redis.set('foo', 'test')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.setrange('foo', 1, 'a'), 4)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'tast')

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.setrange('bar', 2, 'test'), 6)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('bar'), b'\x00\x00test')

    def test_setrange_expiry(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'test', ex=10)
        self.redis.setrange('foo', 1, 'aste')
        self.assertGreater(self.redis.ttl('foo'), 0)

    def test_sinter(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member1')
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member2')
        self.redis.sadd('bar', 'member2')
        self.redis.sadd('bar', 'member3')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sinter('foo', 'bar'), {b'member2'})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sinter('foo'),
                         {b'member1', b'member2'})

    def test_sinter_bytes_keys(self):
        foo = os.urandom(10)
        bar = os.urandom(10)
        self.redis.sadd(foo, 'member1')
        self.redis.sadd(foo, 'member2')
        self.redis.sadd(bar, 'member2')
        self.redis.sadd(bar, 'member3')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sinter(foo, bar), {b'member2'})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sinter(foo), {b'member1', b'member2'})

    def test_sinter_wrong_type(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'member': 1})
        self.redis.sadd('bar', 'member')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.sinter('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.sinter('bar', 'foo')

    def test_sinterstore(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member1')
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member2')
        self.redis.sadd('bar', 'member2')
        self.redis.sadd('bar', 'member3')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sinterstore('baz', 'foo', 'bar'), 1)

        # Catch instances where we store bytes and strings inconsistently
        # and thus baz = {'member2', b'member2'}
        self.redis.sadd('baz', 'member2')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.scard('baz'), 1)

    def test_sismember(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sismember('foo', 'member1'), False)
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member1')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sismember('foo', 'member1'), True)

    def test_sismember_wrong_type(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'member': 1})
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.sismember('foo', 'member')

    def test_smembers(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.smembers('foo'), set())

    def test_smembers_copy(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member1')
        set = self.redis.smembers('foo')
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member2')
        self.assertNotEqual(set, self.redis.smembers('foo'))

    def test_smembers_wrong_type(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'member': 1})
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.smembers('foo')

    def test_smembers_runtime_error(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member1', 'member2')
        for member in self.redis.smembers('foo'):
            self.redis.srem('foo', member)

    def test_smove(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member1')
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member2')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.smove('foo', 'bar', 'member1'), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.smembers('bar'), {b'member1'})

    def test_smove_non_existent_key(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.smove('foo', 'bar', 'member1'), False)

    def test_smove_wrong_type(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'member': 1})
        self.redis.sadd('bar', 'member')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.smove('bar', 'foo', 'member')
        # Must raise the error before removing member from bar
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.smembers('bar'), {b'member'})
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.smove('foo', 'bar', 'member')

    def test_spop(self):
        # This is tricky because it pops a random element.
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member1')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.spop('foo'), b'member1')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.spop('foo'), None)

    def test_spop_wrong_type(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'member': 1})
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.spop('foo')

    def test_srandmember(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member1')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.srandmember('foo'), b'member1')
        # Shouldn't be removed from the set.
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.srandmember('foo'), b'member1')

    def test_srandmember_number(self):
        """srandmember works with the number argument."""
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.srandmember('foo', 2), [])
        self.redis.sadd('foo', b'member1')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.srandmember('foo', 2), [b'member1'])
        self.redis.sadd('foo', b'member2')
        self.assertEqual(set(self.redis.srandmember('foo', 2)),
                         {b'member1', b'member2'})
        self.redis.sadd('foo', b'member3')
        res = self.redis.srandmember('foo', 2)
        self.assertEqual(len(res), 2)

        if self.decode_responses:
            superset = {'member1', 'member2', 'member3'}
        else:
            superset = {b'member1', b'member2', b'member3'}

        for e in res:
            self.assertIn(e, superset)

    def test_srandmember_wrong_type(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'member': 1})
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.srandmember('foo')

    def test_srem(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member1', 'member2', 'member3', 'member4')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.smembers('foo'),
                         {b'member1', b'member2', b'member3', b'member4'})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.srem('foo', 'member1'), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.smembers('foo'),
                         {b'member2', b'member3', b'member4'})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.srem('foo', 'member1'), False)
        # Since redis>=2.7.6 returns number of deleted items.
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.srem('foo', 'member2', 'member3'), 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.smembers('foo'), {b'member4'})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.srem('foo', 'member3', 'member4'), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.smembers('foo'), set())
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.srem('foo', 'member3', 'member4'), False)

    def test_srem_wrong_type(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'member': 1})
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.srem('foo', 'member')

    def test_sunion(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member1')
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member2')
        self.redis.sadd('bar', 'member2')
        self.redis.sadd('bar', 'member3')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sunion('foo', 'bar'),
                         {b'member1', b'member2', b'member3'})

    def test_sunion_wrong_type(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'member': 1})
        self.redis.sadd('bar', 'member')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.sunion('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.sunion('bar', 'foo')

    def test_sunionstore(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member1')
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'member2')
        self.redis.sadd('bar', 'member2')
        self.redis.sadd('bar', 'member3')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sunionstore('baz', 'foo', 'bar'), 3)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.smembers('baz'),
                         {b'member1', b'member2', b'member3'})

        # Catch instances where we store bytes and strings inconsistently
        # and thus baz = {b'member1', b'member2', b'member3', 'member3'}
        self.redis.sadd('baz', 'member3')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.scard('baz'), 3)

    def test_empty_set(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'bar')
        self.redis.srem('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertFalse(self.redis.exists('foo'))

    def test_zadd(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'four': 4})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three': 3})
        self.assertEqual(self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2, 'one': 1, 'zero': 0}), 3)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, -1),
                         [b'zero', b'one', b'two', b'three', b'four'])
        self.assertEqual(self.zadd('foo', {'zero': 7, 'one': 1, 'five': 5}), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, -1),
                         [b'one', b'two', b'three', b'four', b'five', b'zero'])

    @redis2_only
    def test_zadd_uses_str(self):
        self.redis.zadd('foo', 12345, (1, 2, 3))
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, 0), [b'(1, 2, 3)'])

    @redis2_only
    def test_zadd_errors(self):
        # The args are backwards, it should be 2, "two", so we
        # expect an exception to be raised.
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zadd('foo', 'two', 2)
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zadd('foo', two='two')
        # It's expected an equal number of values and scores
        with self.assertRaises(redis.RedisError):
            self.redis.zadd('foo', 'two')

    def test_zadd_empty(self):
        # Have to add at least one key/value pair
        with self.assertRaises(redis.RedisError):
            self.zadd('foo', {})

    def test_zadd_minus_zero(self):
        # Changing -0 to +0 is ignored
        self.zadd('foo', {'a': -0.0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'a': 0.0})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.execute_command('zscore', 'foo', 'a'), b'-0')

    def test_zadd_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})

    def test_zadd_multiple(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1, 'two': 2})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, 0),
                         [b'one'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 1, 1),
                         [b'two'])

    def test_zrange_same_score(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_a': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_b': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_c': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_d': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_e': 2})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 2, 3),
                         [b'two_c', b'two_d'])

    def test_zcard(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zcard('foo'), 2)

    def test_zcard_non_existent_key(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zcard('foo'), 0)

    def test_zcard_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zcard('foo')

    def test_zcount(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'five': 5})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zcount('foo', 2, 4), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zcount('foo', 1, 4), 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zcount('foo', 0, 5), 3)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zcount('foo', 4, '+inf'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zcount('foo', '-inf', 4), 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zcount('foo', '-inf', '+inf'), 3)

    def test_zcount_exclusive(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'five': 5})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zcount('foo', '-inf', '(2'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zcount('foo', '-inf', 2), 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zcount('foo', '(5', '+inf'), 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zcount('foo', '(1', 5), 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zcount('foo', '(2', '(5'), 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zcount('foo', '(1', '(5'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zcount('foo', 2, '(5'), 1)

    def test_zcount_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zcount('foo', '-inf', '+inf')

    def test_zincrby(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.assertEqual(self.zincrby('foo', 10, 'one'), 11)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, -1, withscores=True),
                         [(b'one', 11)])

    def test_zincrby_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.zincrby('foo', 10, 'one')

    def test_zrange_descending(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three': 3})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, -1, desc=True),
                         [b'three', b'two', b'one'])

    def test_zrange_descending_with_scores(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three': 3})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, -1, desc=True,
                                           withscores=True),
                         [(b'three', 3), (b'two', 2), (b'one', 1)])

    def test_zrange_with_positive_indices(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three': 3})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, 1), [b'one', b'two'])

    def test_zrange_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, -1)

    def test_zrange_score_cast(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1.2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2.2})

        expected_without_cast_round = [(b'one', 1.2), (b'two', 2.2)]
        expected_with_cast_round = [(b'one', 1.0), (b'two', 2.0)]
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, 2, withscores=True),
                         expected_without_cast_round)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, 2, withscores=True,
                                           score_cast_func=self._round_str),
                         expected_with_cast_round)

    def test_zrank(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three': 3})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrank('foo', 'one'), 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrank('foo', 'two'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrank('foo', 'three'), 2)

    def test_zrank_non_existent_member(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrank('foo', 'one'), None)

    def test_zrank_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrank('foo', 'one')

    def test_zrem(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three': 3})
        self.zadd('foo', {'four': 4})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrem('foo', 'one'), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, -1),
                         [b'two', b'three', b'four'])
        # Since redis>=2.7.6 returns number of deleted items.
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrem('foo', 'two', 'three'), 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, -1), [b'four'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrem('foo', 'three', 'four'), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, -1), [])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrem('foo', 'three', 'four'), False)

    def test_zrem_non_existent_member(self):
        self.assertFalse(self.redis.zrem('foo', 'one'))

    def test_zrem_numeric_member(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'128': 13.0, '129': 12.0})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrem('foo', 128), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, -1), [b'129'])

    def test_zrem_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrem('foo', 'bar')

    def test_zscore(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 54})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zscore('foo', 'one'), 54)

    def test_zscore_non_existent_member(self):
        self.assertIsNone(self.redis.zscore('foo', 'one'))

    def test_zscore_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zscore('foo', 'one')

    def test_zrevrank(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three': 3})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrank('foo', 'one'), 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrank('foo', 'two'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrank('foo', 'three'), 0)

    def test_zrevrank_non_existent_member(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrank('foo', 'one'), None)

    def test_zrevrank_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrevrank('foo', 'one')

    def test_zrevrange(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three': 3})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrange('foo', 0, 1), [b'three', b'two'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrange('foo', 0, -1),
                         [b'three', b'two', b'one'])

    def test_zrevrange_sorted_keys(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_b': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three': 3})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrange('foo', 0, 2),
                         [b'three', b'two_b', b'two'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrange('foo', 0, -1),
                         [b'three', b'two_b', b'two', b'one'])

    def test_zrevrange_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrevrange('foo', 0, 2)

    def test_zrevrange_score_cast(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1.2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2.2})

        expected_without_cast_round = [(b'two', 2.2), (b'one', 1.2)]
        expected_with_cast_round = [(b'two', 2.0), (b'one', 1.0)]
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrange('foo', 0, 2, withscores=True),
                         expected_without_cast_round)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrange('foo', 0, 2, withscores=True,
                                              score_cast_func=self._round_str),
                         expected_with_cast_round)

    def test_zrangebyscore(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'zero': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_a_also': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_b_also': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'four': 4})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebyscore('foo', 1, 3),
                         [b'two', b'two_a_also', b'two_b_also'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebyscore('foo', 2, 3),
                         [b'two', b'two_a_also', b'two_b_also'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebyscore('foo', 0, 4),
                         [b'zero', b'two', b'two_a_also', b'two_b_also',
                          b'four'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebyscore('foo', '-inf', 1),
                         [b'zero'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebyscore('foo', 2, '+inf'),
                         [b'two', b'two_a_also', b'two_b_also', b'four'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebyscore('foo', '-inf', '+inf'),
                         [b'zero', b'two', b'two_a_also', b'two_b_also',
                          b'four'])

    def test_zrangebysore_exclusive(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'zero': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'four': 4})
        self.zadd('foo', {'five': 5})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebyscore('foo', '(0', 6),
                         [b'two', b'four', b'five'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebyscore('foo', '(2', '(5'),
                         [b'four'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebyscore('foo', 0, '(4'),
                         [b'zero', b'two'])

    def test_zrangebyscore_raises_error(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three': 3})
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrangebyscore('foo', 'one', 2)
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrangebyscore('foo', 2, 'three')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrangebyscore('foo', 2, '3)')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.RedisError):
            self.redis.zrangebyscore('foo', 2, '3)', 0, None)

    def test_zrangebyscore_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrangebyscore('foo', '(1', '(2')

    def test_zrangebyscore_slice(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_a': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_b': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_c': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_d': 2})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebyscore('foo', 0, 4, 0, 2),
                         [b'two_a', b'two_b'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebyscore('foo', 0, 4, 1, 3),
                         [b'two_b', b'two_c', b'two_d'])

    def test_zrangebyscore_withscores(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three': 3})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebyscore('foo', 1, 3, 0, 2, True),
                         [(b'one', 1), (b'two', 2)])

    def test_zrangebyscore_cast_scores(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_a_also': 2.2})

        expected_without_cast_round = [(b'two', 2.0), (b'two_a_also', 2.2)]
        expected_with_cast_round = [(b'two', 2.0), (b'two_a_also', 2.0)]
        self.assertItemsEqual(
            self.redis.zrangebyscore('foo', 2, 3, withscores=True),
            expected_without_cast_round
        )
        self.assertItemsEqual(
            self.redis.zrangebyscore('foo', 2, 3, withscores=True,
                                     score_cast_func=self._round_str),
            expected_with_cast_round
        )

    def test_zrevrangebyscore(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three': 3})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrangebyscore('foo', 3, 1),
                         [b'three', b'two', b'one'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrangebyscore('foo', 3, 2),
                         [b'three', b'two'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrangebyscore('foo', 3, 1, 0, 1),
                         [b'three'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrangebyscore('foo', 3, 1, 1, 2),
                         [b'two', b'one'])

    def test_zrevrangebyscore_exclusive(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three': 3})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrangebyscore('foo', '(3', 1),
                         [b'two', b'one'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrangebyscore('foo', 3, '(2'),
                         [b'three'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrangebyscore('foo', '(3', '(1'),
                         [b'two'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrangebyscore('foo', '(2', 1, 0, 1),
                         [b'one'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrangebyscore('foo', '(2', '(1', 0, 1),
                         [])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrangebyscore('foo', '(3', '(0', 1, 2),
                         [b'one'])

    def test_zrevrangebyscore_raises_error(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three': 3})
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrevrangebyscore('foo', 'three', 1)
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrevrangebyscore('foo', 3, 'one')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrevrangebyscore('foo', 3, '1)')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrevrangebyscore('foo', '((3', '1)')

    def test_zrevrangebyscore_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrevrangebyscore('foo', '(3', '(1')

    def test_zrevrangebyscore_cast_scores(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_a_also': 2.2})

        expected_without_cast_round = [(b'two_a_also', 2.2), (b'two', 2.0)]
        expected_with_cast_round = [(b'two_a_also', 2.0), (b'two', 2.0)]
        self.assertEqual(
            self.redis.zrevrangebyscore('foo', 3, 2, withscores=True),
            expected_without_cast_round
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            self.redis.zrevrangebyscore('foo', 3, 2, withscores=True,
                                        score_cast_func=self._round_str),
            expected_with_cast_round
        )

    def test_zrangebylex(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one_a': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_a': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_b': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three_a': 0})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebylex('foo', b'(t', b'+'),
                         [b'three_a', b'two_a', b'two_b'])

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebylex('foo', b'(t', b'[two_b'),
                         [b'three_a', b'two_a', b'two_b'])

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebylex('foo', b'(t', b'(two_b'),
                         [b'three_a', b'two_a'])

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebylex('foo', b'[three_a', b'[two_b'),
                         [b'three_a', b'two_a', b'two_b'])

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebylex('foo', b'(three_a', b'[two_b'),
                         [b'two_a', b'two_b'])

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebylex('foo', b'-', b'(two_b'),
                         [b'one_a', b'three_a', b'two_a'])

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebylex('foo', b'[two_b', b'(two_b'),
                         [])
        # reversed max + and min - boundaries
        # these will be always empty, but allowed by redis
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebylex('foo', b'+', b'-'),
                         [])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebylex('foo', b'+', b'[three_a'),
                         [])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebylex('foo', b'[o', b'-'),
                         [])

    def test_zrangebylex_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrangebylex('foo', b'-', b'+')

    def test_zlexcount(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one_a': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_a': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_b': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three_a': 0})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zlexcount('foo', b'(t', b'+'),
                         3)

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zlexcount('foo', b'(t', b'[two_b'),
                         3)

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zlexcount('foo', b'(t', b'(two_b'),
                         2)

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zlexcount('foo', b'[three_a', b'[two_b'),
                         3)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zlexcount('foo', b'(three_a', b'[two_b'),
                         2)

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zlexcount('foo', b'-', b'(two_b'),
                         3)

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zlexcount('foo', b'[two_b', b'(two_b'),
                         0)
        # reversed max + and min - boundaries
        # these will be always empty, but allowed by redis
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zlexcount('foo', b'+', b'-'),
                         0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zlexcount('foo', b'+', b'[three_a'),
                         0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zlexcount('foo', b'[o', b'-'),
                         0)

    def test_zlexcount_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zlexcount('foo', b'-', b'+')

    def test_zrangebylex_with_limit(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one_a': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_a': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_b': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three_a': 0})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebylex('foo', b'-', b'+', 1, 2),
                         [b'three_a', b'two_a'])

        # negative offset no results
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebylex('foo', b'-', b'+', -1, 3),
                         [])

        # negative limit ignored
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebylex('foo', b'-', b'+', 0, -2),
                         [b'one_a', b'three_a', b'two_a', b'two_b'])

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebylex('foo', b'-', b'+', 1, -2),
                         [b'three_a', b'two_a', b'two_b'])

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebylex('foo', b'+', b'-', 1, 1),
                         [])

    def test_zrangebylex_raises_error(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one_a': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_a': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_b': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three_a': 0})

        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrangebylex('foo', b'', b'[two_b')

        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrangebylex('foo', b'-', b'two_b')

        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrangebylex('foo', b'(t', b'two_b')

        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrangebylex('foo', b't', b'+')

        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrangebylex('foo', b'[two_a', b'')

        with self.assertRaises(redis.RedisError):
            self.redis.zrangebylex('foo', b'(two_a', b'[two_b', 1)

    def test_zrevrangebylex(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one_a': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_a': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_b': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three_a': 0})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrangebylex('foo', b'+', b'(t'),
                         [b'two_b', b'two_a', b'three_a'])

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrangebylex('foo', b'[two_b', b'(t'),
                         [b'two_b', b'two_a', b'three_a'])

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrangebylex('foo', b'(two_b', b'(t'),
                         [b'two_a', b'three_a'])

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrangebylex('foo', b'[two_b', b'[three_a'),
                         [b'two_b', b'two_a', b'three_a'])

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrangebylex('foo', b'[two_b', b'(three_a'),
                         [b'two_b', b'two_a'])

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrangebylex('foo', b'(two_b', b'-'),
                         [b'two_a', b'three_a', b'one_a'])

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrangebylex('foo', b'(two_b', b'[two_b'),
                         [])
        # reversed max + and min - boundaries
        # these will be always empty, but allowed by redis
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrangebylex('foo', b'-', b'+'),
                         [])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrangebylex('foo', b'[three_a', b'+'),
                         [])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrangebylex('foo', b'-', b'[o'),
                         [])

    def test_zrevrangebylex_with_limit(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one_a': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_a': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_b': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three_a': 0})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrevrangebylex('foo', b'+', b'-', 1, 2),
                         [b'two_a', b'three_a'])

    def test_zrevrangebylex_raises_error(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one_a': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_a': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_b': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three_a': 0})

        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrevrangebylex('foo', b'[two_b', b'')

        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrevrangebylex('foo', b'two_b', b'-')

        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrevrangebylex('foo', b'two_b', b'(t')

        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrevrangebylex('foo', b'+', b't')

        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrevrangebylex('foo', b'', b'[two_a')

        with self.assertRaises(redis.RedisError):
            self.redis.zrevrangebylex('foo', b'[two_a', b'(two_b', 1)

    def test_zrevrangebylex_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zrevrangebylex('foo', b'+', b'-')

    def test_zremrangebyrank(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three': 3})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zremrangebyrank('foo', 0, 1), 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, -1), [b'three'])

    def test_zremrangebyrank_negative_indices(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three': 3})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zremrangebyrank('foo', -2, -1), 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, -1), [b'one'])

    def test_zremrangebyrank_out_of_bounds(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zremrangebyrank('foo', 1, 3), 0)

    def test_zremrangebyrank_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zremrangebyrank('foo', 1, 3)

    def test_zremrangebyscore(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'zero': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'four': 4})
        # Outside of range.
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zremrangebyscore('foo', 5, 10), 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, -1),
                         [b'zero', b'two', b'four'])
        # Middle of range.
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zremrangebyscore('foo', 1, 3), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, -1), [b'zero', b'four'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zremrangebyscore('foo', 1, 3), 0)
        # Entire range.
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zremrangebyscore('foo', 0, 4), 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, -1), [])

    def test_zremrangebyscore_exclusive(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'zero': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'four': 4})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zremrangebyscore('foo', '(0', 1), 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, -1),
                         [b'zero', b'two', b'four'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zremrangebyscore('foo', '-inf', '(0'), 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, -1),
                         [b'zero', b'two', b'four'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zremrangebyscore('foo', '(2', 5), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, -1), [b'zero', b'two'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zremrangebyscore('foo', 0, '(2'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, -1), [b'two'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zremrangebyscore('foo', '(1', '(3'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, -1), [])

    def test_zremrangebyscore_raises_error(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'zero': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('foo', {'four': 4})
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zremrangebyscore('foo', 'three', 1)
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zremrangebyscore('foo', 3, 'one')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zremrangebyscore('foo', 3, '1)')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zremrangebyscore('foo', '((3', '1)')

    def test_zremrangebyscore_badkey(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zremrangebyscore('foo', 0, 2), 0)

    def test_zremrangebyscore_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zremrangebyscore('foo', 0, 2)

    def test_zremrangebylex(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_a': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_b': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'one_a': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three_a': 0})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zremrangebylex('foo', b'(three_a', b'[two_b'), 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zremrangebylex('foo', b'(three_a', b'[two_b'), 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zremrangebylex('foo', b'-', b'(o'), 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zremrangebylex('foo', b'-', b'[one_a'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zremrangebylex('foo', b'[tw', b'+'), 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zremrangebylex('foo', b'[t', b'+'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zremrangebylex('foo', b'[t', b'+'), 0)

    def test_zremrangebylex_error(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_a': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two_b': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'one_a': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'three_a': 0})
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zremrangebylex('foo', b'(t', b'two_b')

        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zremrangebylex('foo', b't', b'+')

        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zremrangebylex('foo', b'[two_a', b'')

    def test_zremrangebylex_badkey(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zremrangebylex('foo', b'(three_a', b'[two_b'), 0)

    def test_zremrangebylex_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zremrangebylex('foo', b'bar', b'baz')

    def test_zunionstore(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('bar', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('bar', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('bar', {'three': 3})
        self.redis.zunionstore('baz', ['foo', 'bar'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('baz', 0, -1, withscores=True),
                         [(b'one', 2), (b'three', 3), (b'two', 4)])

    def test_zunionstore_sum(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('bar', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('bar', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('bar', {'three': 3})
        self.redis.zunionstore('baz', ['foo', 'bar'], aggregate='SUM')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('baz', 0, -1, withscores=True),
                         [(b'one', 2), (b'three', 3), (b'two', 4)])

    def test_zunionstore_max(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 0})
        self.zadd('bar', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('bar', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('bar', {'three': 3})
        self.redis.zunionstore('baz', ['foo', 'bar'], aggregate='MAX')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('baz', 0, -1, withscores=True),
                         [(b'one', 1), (b'two', 2), (b'three', 3)])

    def test_zunionstore_min(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('bar', {'one': 0})
        self.zadd('bar', {'two': 0})
        self.zadd('bar', {'three': 3})
        self.redis.zunionstore('baz', ['foo', 'bar'], aggregate='MIN')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('baz', 0, -1, withscores=True),
                         [(b'one', 0), (b'two', 0), (b'three', 3)])

    def test_zunionstore_weights(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('bar', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('bar', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('bar', {'four': 4})
        self.redis.zunionstore('baz', {'foo': 1, 'bar': 2}, aggregate='SUM')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('baz', 0, -1, withscores=True),
                         [(b'one', 3), (b'two', 6), (b'four', 8)])

    def test_zunionstore_nan_to_zero(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'zero': 0})
        self.zadd('foo2', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('foo3', {'one': 1})
        self.redis.zunionstore('bar', {'foo': float('inf')}, aggregate='SUM')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('bar', 0, -1, withscores=True),
                         [(b'zero', 0)])
        self.redis.zunionstore('bar', {'foo2': float('inf'), 'foo3': -float('inf')})
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('bar', 0, -1, withscores=True),
                         [(b'one', 0)])

    def test_zunionstore_mixed_set_types(self):
        # No score, redis will use 1.0.
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'two')
        self.zadd('bar', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('bar', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('bar', {'three': 3})
        self.redis.zunionstore('baz', ['foo', 'bar'], aggregate='SUM')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('baz', 0, -1, withscores=True),
                         [(b'one', 2), (b'three', 3), (b'two', 3)])

    def test_zunionstore_badkey(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.redis.zunionstore('baz', ['foo', 'bar'], aggregate='SUM')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('baz', 0, -1, withscores=True),
                         [(b'one', 1), (b'two', 2)])
        self.redis.zunionstore('baz', {'foo': 1, 'bar': 2}, aggregate='SUM')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('baz', 0, -1, withscores=True),
                         [(b'one', 1), (b'two', 2)])

    def test_zunionstore_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zunionstore('baz', ['foo', 'bar'])

    def test_zinterstore(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('bar', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('bar', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('bar', {'three': 3})
        self.redis.zinterstore('baz', ['foo', 'bar'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('baz', 0, -1, withscores=True),
                         [(b'one', 2), (b'two', 4)])

    def test_zinterstore_mixed_set_types(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'two')
        self.zadd('bar', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('bar', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('bar', {'three': 3})
        self.redis.zinterstore('baz', ['foo', 'bar'], aggregate='SUM')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('baz', 0, -1, withscores=True),
                         [(b'one', 2), (b'two', 3)])

    def test_zinterstore_max(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 0})
        self.zadd('foo', {'two': 0})
        self.zadd('bar', {'one': 1})
        self.zadd('bar', {'two': 2})
        self.zadd('bar', {'three': 3})
        self.redis.zinterstore('baz', ['foo', 'bar'], aggregate='MAX')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('baz', 0, -1, withscores=True),
                         [(b'one', 1), (b'two', 2)])

    def test_zinterstore_onekey(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.redis.zinterstore('baz', ['foo'], aggregate='MAX')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('baz', 0, -1, withscores=True),
                         [(b'one', 1)])

    def test_zinterstore_nokey(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zinterstore('baz', [], aggregate='MAX')

    def test_zunionstore_nokey(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zunionstore('baz', [], aggregate='MAX')

    def test_zinterstore_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.zinterstore('baz', ['foo', 'bar'])

    def test_empty_zset(self):
        self.zadd('foo', {'one': 1})
        self.redis.zrem('foo', 'one')
        self.assertFalse(self.redis.exists('foo'))

    def test_multidb(self):
        r1 = self.create_redis(db=0)
        r2 = self.create_redis(db=1)

        r1['r1'] = 'r1'
        r2['r2'] = 'r2'

        self.assertTrue('r2' not in r1)
        self.assertTrue('r1' not in r2)

        self.assertEqual(r1['r1'], b'r1')
        self.assertEqual(r2['r2'], b'r2')

        self.assertEqual(r1.flushall(), True)

        self.assertTrue('r1' not in r1)
        self.assertTrue('r2' not in r2)

    def test_basic_sort(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '2')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '1')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '3')

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sort('foo'), [b'1', b'2', b'3'])

    def test_empty_sort(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sort('foo'), [])

    def test_sort_range_offset_range(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '2')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '1')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '4')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '3')

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sort('foo', start=0, num=2), [b'1', b'2'])

    def test_sort_range_offset_range_and_desc(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '2')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '1')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '4')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '3')

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sort("foo", start=0, num=1, desc=True),
                         [b"4"])

    def test_sort_range_offset_norange(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.RedisError):
            self.redis.sort('foo', start=1)

    def test_sort_range_with_large_range(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '2')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '1')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '4')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '3')
        # num=20 even though len(foo) is 4.
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sort('foo', start=1, num=20),
                         [b'2', b'3', b'4'])

    def test_sort_descending(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '1')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '2')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '3')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sort('foo', desc=True), [b'3', b'2', b'1'])

    def test_sort_alpha(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '2a')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '1b')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '2b')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '1a')

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sort('foo', alpha=True),
                         [b'1a', b'1b', b'2a', b'2b'])

    def test_sort_wrong_type(self):
        self.redis.set('string', '3')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.sort('string')

    def test_foo(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '2a')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '1b')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '2b')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '1a')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.sort('foo', alpha=False)

    def test_sort_with_store_option(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '2')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '1')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '4')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '3')

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sort('foo', store='bar'), 4)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('bar', 0, -1),
                         [b'1', b'2', b'3', b'4'])

    def test_sort_with_by_and_get_option(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '2')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '1')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '4')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', '3')

        self.redis['weight_1'] = '4'
        self.redis['weight_2'] = '3'
        self.redis['weight_3'] = '2'
        self.redis['weight_4'] = '1'

        self.redis['data_1'] = 'one'
        self.redis['data_2'] = 'two'
        self.redis['data_3'] = 'three'
        self.redis['data_4'] = 'four'

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sort('foo', by='weight_*', get='data_*'),
                         [b'four', b'three', b'two', b'one'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sort('foo', by='weight_*', get='#'),
                         [b'4', b'3', b'2', b'1'])
        self.assertEqual(
            self.redis.sort('foo', by='weight_*', get=('data_*', '#')),
            [b'four', b'4', b'three', b'3', b'two', b'2', b'one', b'1'])
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sort('foo', by='weight_*', get='data_1'),
                         [None, None, None, None])

    def test_sort_with_hash(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'middle')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'eldest')
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'youngest')
        self.redis.hset('record_youngest', 'age', 1)
        self.redis.hset('record_youngest', 'name', 'baby')

        self.redis.hset('record_middle', 'age', 10)
        self.redis.hset('record_middle', 'name', 'teen')

        self.redis.hset('record_eldest', 'age', 20)
        self.redis.hset('record_eldest', 'name', 'adult')

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sort('foo', by='record_*->age'),
                         [b'youngest', b'middle', b'eldest'])
        self.assertEqual(
            self.redis.sort('foo', by='record_*->age', get='record_*->name'),
            [b'baby', b'teen', b'adult'])

    def test_sort_with_set(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', '3')
        self.redis.sadd('foo', '1')
        self.redis.sadd('foo', '2')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.sort('foo'), [b'1', b'2', b'3'])

    def test_pipeline(self):
        # The pipeline method returns an object for
        # issuing multiple commands in a batch.
        p = self.redis.pipeline()
        p.watch('bam')
        p.multi()
        p.set('foo', 'bar').get('foo')
        p.lpush('baz', 'quux')
        p.lpush('baz', 'quux2').lrange('baz', 0, -1)
        res = p.execute()

        # Check return values returned as list.
        self.assertEqual(res, [True, b'bar', 1, 2, [b'quux2', b'quux']])

        # Check side effects happened as expected.
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('baz', 0, -1), [b'quux2', b'quux'])

        # Check that the command buffer has been emptied.
        self.assertEqual(p.execute(), [])

    def test_pipeline_ignore_errors(self):
        """Test the pipeline ignoring errors when asked."""
        with self.redis.pipeline() as p:
            p.set('foo', 'bar')
            p.rename('baz', 'bats')
            with self.assertRaises(redis.exceptions.ResponseError):
                p.execute()
            self.assertEqual([], p.execute())
        with self.redis.pipeline() as p:
            p.set('foo', 'bar')
            p.rename('baz', 'bats')
            res = p.execute(raise_on_error=False)

            self.assertEqual([], p.execute())

            self.assertEqual(len(res), 2)
            self.assertIsInstance(res[1], redis.exceptions.ResponseError)

    def test_multiple_successful_watch_calls(self):
        p = self.redis.pipeline()
        p.watch('bam')
        p.multi()
        p.set('foo', 'bar')
        # Check that the watched keys buffer has been emptied.
        p.execute()

        # bam is no longer being watched, so it's ok to modify
        # it now.
        p.watch('foo')
        self.redis.set('bam', 'boo')
        p.multi()
        p.set('foo', 'bats')
        self.assertEqual(p.execute(), [True])

    def test_pipeline_non_transactional(self):
        # For our simple-minded model I don't think
        # there is any observable difference.
        p = self.redis.pipeline(transaction=False)
        res = p.set('baz', 'quux').get('baz').execute()

        self.assertEqual(res, [True, b'quux'])

    def test_pipeline_raises_when_watched_key_changed(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.redis.rpush('greet', 'hello')
        p = self.redis.pipeline()
        self.addCleanup(p.reset)

        p.watch('greet', 'foo')
        nextf = six.ensure_binary(p.get('foo')) + b'baz'
        # Simulate change happening on another thread.
        self.redis.rpush('greet', 'world')
        # Begin pipelining.
        p.multi()
        p.set('foo', nextf)

        with self.assertRaises(redis.WatchError):
            p.execute()

    def test_pipeline_succeeds_despite_unwatched_key_changed(self):
        # Same setup as before except for the params to the WATCH command.
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.redis.rpush('greet', 'hello')
        p = self.redis.pipeline()
        try:
            # Only watch one of the 2 keys.
            p.watch('foo')
            nextf = six.ensure_binary(p.get('foo')) + b'baz'
            # Simulate change happening on another thread.
            self.redis.rpush('greet', 'world')
            p.multi()
            p.set('foo', nextf)
            p.execute()

            # Check the commands were executed.
            self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'barbaz')
        finally:
            p.reset()

    def test_pipeline_succeeds_when_watching_nonexistent_key(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.redis.rpush('greet', 'hello')
        p = self.redis.pipeline()
        try:
            # Also watch a nonexistent key.
            p.watch('foo', 'bam')
            nextf = six.ensure_binary(p.get('foo')) + b'baz'
            # Simulate change happening on another thread.
            self.redis.rpush('greet', 'world')
            p.multi()
            p.set('foo', nextf)
            p.execute()

            # Check the commands were executed.
            self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'barbaz')
        finally:
            p.reset()

    def test_watch_state_is_cleared_across_multiple_watches(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.set('bar', 'baz')
        p = self.redis.pipeline()
        self.addCleanup(p.reset)

        p.watch('foo')
        # Simulate change happening on another thread.
        self.redis.set('foo', 'three')
        p.multi()
        p.set('foo', 'three')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.WatchError):
            p.execute()

        # Now watch another key.  It should be ok to change
        # foo as we're no longer watching it.
        p.watch('bar')
        self.redis.set('foo', 'four')
        p.multi()
        p.set('bar', 'five')
        self.assertEqual(p.execute(), [True])

    def test_pipeline_transaction_shortcut(self):
        # This example taken pretty much from the redis-py documentation.
        self.redis.set('OUR-SEQUENCE-KEY', 13)
        calls = []

        def client_side_incr(pipe):
            calls.append((pipe,))
            current_value = pipe.get('OUR-SEQUENCE-KEY')
            next_value = int(current_value) + 1

            if len(calls) < 3:
                # Simulate a change from another thread.
                self.redis.set('OUR-SEQUENCE-KEY', next_value)

            pipe.multi()
            pipe.set('OUR-SEQUENCE-KEY', next_value)

        res = self.redis.transaction(client_side_incr, 'OUR-SEQUENCE-KEY')

        self.assertEqual([True], res)
        self.assertEqual(16, int(self.redis.get('OUR-SEQUENCE-KEY')))
        self.assertEqual(3, len(calls))

    def test_pipeline_transaction_value_from_callable(self):
        def callback(pipe):
            # No need to do anything here since we only want the return value
            return 'OUR-RETURN-VALUE'

        res = self.redis.transaction(callback, 'OUR-SEQUENCE-KEY',
                                     value_from_callable=True)

        self.assertEqual('OUR-RETURN-VALUE', res)

    def test_pipeline_empty(self):
        p = self.redis.pipeline()
        self.assertFalse(p)

    def test_pipeline_length(self):
        p = self.redis.pipeline()
        p.set('baz', 'quux').get('baz')
        self.assertEqual(2, len(p))

    def test_pipeline_no_commands(self):
        # redis-py's execute is a nop if there are no commands queued,
        # so it succeeds even if watched keys have been changed.
        self.redis.set('foo', '1')
        p = self.redis.pipeline()
        p.watch('foo')
        self.redis.set('foo', '2')
        self.assertEqual(p.execute(), [])

    def test_pipeline_failed_transaction(self):
        p = self.redis.pipeline()
        p.multi()
        p.set('foo', 'bar')
        # Deliberately induce a syntax error
        p.execute_command('set')
        # It should be an ExecAbortError, but redis-py tries to DISCARD after the
        # failed EXEC, which raises a ResponseError.
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            p.execute()
        self.assertFalse(self.redis.exists('foo'))

    def test_key_patterns(self):
        self.redis.mset({'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3, 'four': 4})
        self.assertItemsEqual(self.redis.keys('*o*'),
                              [b'four', b'one', b'two'])
        self.assertItemsEqual(self.redis.keys('t??'), [b'two'])
        self.assertItemsEqual(self.redis.keys('*'),
                              [b'four', b'one', b'two', b'three'])
        self.assertItemsEqual(self.redis.keys(),
                              [b'four', b'one', b'two', b'three'])

    def test_ping(self):
        self.assertTrue(self.redis.ping())
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.execute_command('ping', 'test'), b'test')

    @redis3_only
    def test_ping_pubsub(self):
        p = self.redis.pubsub()
        p.subscribe('channel')
        p.parse_response()    # Consume the subscribe reply
        p.ping()
        self.assertEqual(p.parse_response(), [b'pong', b''])
        p.ping('test')
        self.assertEqual(p.parse_response(), [b'pong', b'test'])

    @redis3_only
    def test_swapdb(self):
        r1 = self.create_redis(1)
        self.redis.set('foo', 'abc')
        self.redis.set('bar', 'xyz')
        r1.set('foo', 'foo')
        r1.set('baz', 'baz')
        self.assertTrue(self.redis.swapdb(0, 1))
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'foo')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('bar'), None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('baz'), b'baz')
        self.assertEqual(r1.get('foo'), b'abc')
        self.assertEqual(r1.get('bar'), b'xyz')
        self.assertEqual(r1.get('baz'), None)

    @redis3_only
    def test_swapdb_same_db(self):
        self.assertTrue(self.redis.swapdb(1, 1))

    def test_bgsave(self):
        self.assertTrue(self.redis.bgsave())

    def test_save(self):
        self.assertTrue(self.redis.save())

    def test_lastsave(self):
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(self.redis.lastsave(), datetime))

    @attr('slow')
    def test_bgsave_timestamp_update(self):
        early_timestamp = self.redis.lastsave()
        sleep(1)
        self.assertTrue(self.redis.bgsave())
        sleep(1)
        late_timestamp = self.redis.lastsave()
        self.assertLess(early_timestamp, late_timestamp)

    @attr('slow')
    def test_save_timestamp_update(self):
        early_timestamp = self.redis.lastsave()
        sleep(1)
        self.assertTrue(self.redis.save())
        late_timestamp = self.redis.lastsave()
        self.assertLess(early_timestamp, late_timestamp)

    def test_type(self):
        self.redis.set('string_key', "value")
        self.redis.lpush("list_key", "value")
        self.redis.sadd("set_key", "value")
        self.zadd("zset_key", {"value": 1})
        self.redis.hset('hset_key', 'key', 'value')

        self.assertEqual(self.redis.type('string_key'), b'string')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.type('list_key'), b'list')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.type('set_key'), b'set')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.type('zset_key'), b'zset')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.type('hset_key'), b'hash')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.type('none_key'), b'none')

    @attr('slow')
    def test_pubsub_subscribe(self):
        pubsub = self.redis.pubsub()
        pubsub.subscribe("channel")
        sleep(1)
        expected_message = {'type': 'subscribe', 'pattern': None,
                            'channel': b'channel', 'data': 1}
        message = pubsub.get_message()
        keys = list(pubsub.channels.keys())

        key = keys[0]
        if not self.decode_responses:
            key = (key if type(key) == bytes
                   else bytes(key, encoding='utf-8'))

        self.assertEqual(len(keys), 1)
        self.assertEqual(key, b'channel')
        self.assertEqual(message, expected_message)

    @attr('slow')
    def test_pubsub_psubscribe(self):
        pubsub = self.redis.pubsub()
        pubsub.psubscribe("channel.*")
        sleep(1)
        expected_message = {'type': 'psubscribe', 'pattern': None,
                            'channel': b'channel.*', 'data': 1}

        message = pubsub.get_message()
        keys = list(pubsub.patterns.keys())
        self.assertEqual(len(keys), 1)
        self.assertEqual(message, expected_message)

    @attr('slow')
    def test_pubsub_unsubscribe(self):
        pubsub = self.redis.pubsub()
        pubsub.subscribe('channel-1', 'channel-2', 'channel-3')
        sleep(1)
        expected_message = {'type': 'unsubscribe', 'pattern': None,
                            'channel': b'channel-1', 'data': 2}
        pubsub.get_message()
        pubsub.get_message()
        pubsub.get_message()

        # unsubscribe from one
        pubsub.unsubscribe('channel-1')
        sleep(1)
        message = pubsub.get_message()
        keys = list(pubsub.channels.keys())
        self.assertEqual(message, expected_message)
        self.assertEqual(len(keys), 2)

        # unsubscribe from multiple
        pubsub.unsubscribe()
        sleep(1)
        pubsub.get_message()
        pubsub.get_message()
        keys = list(pubsub.channels.keys())
        self.assertEqual(message, expected_message)
        self.assertEqual(len(keys), 0)

    @attr('slow')
    def test_pubsub_punsubscribe(self):
        pubsub = self.redis.pubsub()
        pubsub.psubscribe('channel-1.*', 'channel-2.*', 'channel-3.*')
        sleep(1)
        expected_message = {'type': 'punsubscribe', 'pattern': None,
                            'channel': b'channel-1.*', 'data': 2}
        pubsub.get_message()
        pubsub.get_message()
        pubsub.get_message()

        # unsubscribe from one
        pubsub.punsubscribe('channel-1.*')
        sleep(1)
        message = pubsub.get_message()
        keys = list(pubsub.patterns.keys())
        self.assertEqual(message, expected_message)
        self.assertEqual(len(keys), 2)

        # unsubscribe from multiple
        pubsub.punsubscribe()
        sleep(1)
        pubsub.get_message()
        pubsub.get_message()
        keys = list(pubsub.patterns.keys())
        self.assertEqual(len(keys), 0)

    @attr('slow')
    def test_pubsub_listen(self):
        def _listen(pubsub, q):
            count = 0
            for message in pubsub.listen():
                q.put(message)
                count += 1
                if count == 4:
                    pubsub.close()

        channel = 'ch1'
        patterns = ['ch1*', 'ch[1]', 'ch?']
        pubsub = self.redis.pubsub()
        pubsub.subscribe(channel)
        pubsub.psubscribe(*patterns)
        sleep(1)
        msg1 = pubsub.get_message()
        msg2 = pubsub.get_message()
        msg3 = pubsub.get_message()
        msg4 = pubsub.get_message()
        self.assertEqual(msg1['type'], 'subscribe')
        self.assertEqual(msg2['type'], 'psubscribe')
        self.assertEqual(msg3['type'], 'psubscribe')
        self.assertEqual(msg4['type'], 'psubscribe')

        q = Queue()
        t = threading.Thread(target=_listen, args=(pubsub, q))
        t.start()
        msg = 'hello world'
        self.redis.publish(channel, msg)
        t.join()

        msg1 = q.get()
        msg2 = q.get()
        msg3 = q.get()
        msg4 = q.get()

        if self.decode_responses:
            bpatterns = patterns + [channel]
        else:
            bpatterns = [pattern.encode() for pattern in patterns]
            bpatterns.append(channel.encode())
        msg = msg.encode()
        self.assertEqual(msg1['data'], msg)
        self.assertIn(msg1['channel'], bpatterns)
        self.assertEqual(msg2['data'], msg)
        self.assertIn(msg2['channel'], bpatterns)
        self.assertEqual(msg3['data'], msg)
        self.assertIn(msg3['channel'], bpatterns)
        self.assertEqual(msg4['data'], msg)
        self.assertIn(msg4['channel'], bpatterns)

    @attr('slow')
    def test_pubsub_listen_handler(self):
        def _handler(message):
            calls.append(message)

        channel = 'ch1'
        patterns = {'ch?': _handler}
        calls = []

        pubsub = self.redis.pubsub()
        pubsub.subscribe(ch1=_handler)
        pubsub.psubscribe(**patterns)
        sleep(1)
        msg1 = pubsub.get_message()
        msg2 = pubsub.get_message()
        self.assertEqual(msg1['type'], 'subscribe')
        self.assertEqual(msg2['type'], 'psubscribe')
        msg = 'hello world'
        self.redis.publish(channel, msg)
        sleep(1)
        for i in range(2):
            msg = pubsub.get_message()
            self.assertIsNone(msg)   # get_message returns None when handler is used
        pubsub.close()
        calls.sort(key=lambda call: call['type'])
        self.assertEqual(calls, [
            {'pattern': None, 'channel': b'ch1', 'data': b'hello world', 'type': 'message'},
            {'pattern': b'ch?', 'channel': b'ch1', 'data': b'hello world', 'type': 'pmessage'}
        ])

    @attr('slow')
    def test_pubsub_ignore_sub_messages_listen(self):
        def _listen(pubsub, q):
            count = 0
            for message in pubsub.listen():
                q.put(message)
                count += 1
                if count == 4:
                    pubsub.close()

        channel = 'ch1'
        patterns = ['ch1*', 'ch[1]', 'ch?']
        pubsub = self.redis.pubsub(ignore_subscribe_messages=True)
        pubsub.subscribe(channel)
        pubsub.psubscribe(*patterns)
        sleep(1)

        q = Queue()
        t = threading.Thread(target=_listen, args=(pubsub, q))
        t.start()
        msg = 'hello world'
        self.redis.publish(channel, msg)
        t.join()

        msg1 = q.get()
        msg2 = q.get()
        msg3 = q.get()
        msg4 = q.get()

        if self.decode_responses:
            bpatterns = patterns + [channel]
        else:
            bpatterns = [pattern.encode() for pattern in patterns]
            bpatterns.append(channel.encode())
        msg = msg.encode()
        self.assertEqual(msg1['data'], msg)
        self.assertIn(msg1['channel'], bpatterns)
        self.assertEqual(msg2['data'], msg)
        self.assertIn(msg2['channel'], bpatterns)
        self.assertEqual(msg3['data'], msg)
        self.assertIn(msg3['channel'], bpatterns)
        self.assertEqual(msg4['data'], msg)
        self.assertIn(msg4['channel'], bpatterns)

    @attr('slow')
    def test_pubsub_binary(self):
        if self.decode_responses:
            # Reading the non-UTF-8 message will break if decoding
            # responses.
            return

        def _listen(pubsub, q):
            for message in pubsub.listen():
                q.put(message)
                pubsub.close()

        pubsub = self.redis.pubsub(ignore_subscribe_messages=True)
        pubsub.subscribe('channel\r\n\xff')
        sleep(1)

        q = Queue()
        t = threading.Thread(target=_listen, args=(pubsub, q))
        t.start()
        msg = b'\x00hello world\r\n\xff'
        self.redis.publish('channel\r\n\xff', msg)
        t.join()

        received = q.get()
        self.assertEqual(received['data'], msg)

    @attr('slow')
    def test_pubsub_run_in_thread(self):
        q = Queue()

        pubsub = self.redis.pubsub()
        pubsub.subscribe(channel=q.put)
        pubsub_thread = pubsub.run_in_thread()

        msg = b"Hello World"
        self.redis.publish("channel", msg)

        retrieved = q.get()
        self.assertEqual(retrieved["data"], msg)

        pubsub_thread.stop()
        # Newer versions of redis wait for an unsubscribe message, which sometimes comes early
        # https://github.com/andymccurdy/redis-py/issues/1150
        if pubsub.channels:
            pubsub.channels = {}
        pubsub_thread.join()
        self.assertTrue(not pubsub_thread.is_alive())

        pubsub.subscribe(channel=None)
        with self.assertRaises(redis.exceptions.PubSubError):
            pubsub_thread = pubsub.run_in_thread()

        pubsub.unsubscribe("channel")

        pubsub.psubscribe(channel=None)
        with self.assertRaises(redis.exceptions.PubSubError):
            pubsub_thread = pubsub.run_in_thread()

    @attr('slow')
    def test_pubsub_timeout(self):
        def publish():
            sleep(0.1)
            self.redis.publish('channel', 'hello')

        p = self.redis.pubsub()
        p.subscribe('channel')
        p.parse_response()   # Drains the subscribe message
        publish_thread = threading.Thread(target=publish)
        publish_thread.start()
        message = p.get_message(timeout=1)
        self.assertEqual(message, {'type': 'message', 'pattern': None,
                                   'channel': b'channel', 'data': b'hello'})
        publish_thread.join()
        message = p.get_message(timeout=0.5)
        self.assertIsNone(message)

    def test_pfadd(self):
        key = "hll-pfadd"
        self.assertEqual(
            1, self.redis.pfadd(key, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g"))
        self.assertEqual(7, self.redis.pfcount(key))

    def test_pfcount(self):
        key1 = "hll-pfcount01"
        key2 = "hll-pfcount02"
        key3 = "hll-pfcount03"
        self.assertEqual(1, self.redis.pfadd(key1, "foo", "bar", "zap"))
        self.assertEqual(0, self.redis.pfadd(key1, "zap", "zap", "zap"))
        self.assertEqual(0, self.redis.pfadd(key1, "foo", "bar"))
        self.assertEqual(3, self.redis.pfcount(key1))
        self.assertEqual(1, self.redis.pfadd(key2, "1", "2", "3"))
        self.assertEqual(3, self.redis.pfcount(key2))
        self.assertEqual(6, self.redis.pfcount(key1, key2))
        self.assertEqual(1, self.redis.pfadd(key3, "foo", "bar", "zip"))
        self.assertEqual(3, self.redis.pfcount(key3))
        self.assertEqual(4, self.redis.pfcount(key1, key3))
        self.assertEqual(7, self.redis.pfcount(key1, key2, key3))

    def test_pfmerge(self):
        key1 = "hll-pfmerge01"
        key2 = "hll-pfmerge02"
        key3 = "hll-pfmerge03"
        self.assertEqual(1, self.redis.pfadd(key1, "foo", "bar", "zap", "a"))
        self.assertEqual(1, self.redis.pfadd(key2, "a", "b", "c", "foo"))
        self.assertTrue(self.redis.pfmerge(key3, key1, key2))
        self.assertEqual(6, self.redis.pfcount(key3))

    def test_scan(self):
        # Setup the data
        for ix in range(20):
            k = 'scan-test:%s' % ix
            v = 'result:%s' % ix
            self.redis.set(k, v)
        expected = self.redis.keys()
        self.assertEqual(20, len(expected))  # Ensure we know what we're testing

        # Test that we page through the results and get everything out
        results = []
        cursor = '0'
        while cursor != 0:
            cursor, data = self.redis.scan(cursor, count=6)
            results.extend(data)
        self.assertSetEqual(set(expected), set(results))

        # Now test that the MATCH functionality works
        results = []
        cursor = '0'
        while cursor != 0:
            cursor, data = self.redis.scan(cursor, match='*7', count=100)
            results.extend(data)
        self.assertIn(b'scan-test:7', results)
        self.assertIn(b'scan-test:17', results)
        self.assertEqual(2, len(results))

        # Test the match on iterator
        results = [r for r in self.redis.scan_iter(match='*7')]
        self.assertIn(b'scan-test:7', results)
        self.assertIn(b'scan-test:17', results)
        self.assertEqual(2, len(results))

    def test_sscan(self):
        # Setup the data
        name = 'sscan-test'
        for ix in range(20):
            k = 'sscan-test:%s' % ix
            self.redis.sadd(name, k)
        expected = self.redis.smembers(name)
        self.assertEqual(20, len(expected))  # Ensure we know what we're testing

        # Test that we page through the results and get everything out
        results = []
        cursor = '0'
        while cursor != 0:
            cursor, data = self.redis.sscan(name, cursor, count=6)
            results.extend(data)
        self.assertSetEqual(set(expected), set(results))

        # Test the iterator version
        results = [r for r in self.redis.sscan_iter(name, count=6)]
        self.assertSetEqual(set(expected), set(results))

        # Now test that the MATCH functionality works
        results = []
        cursor = '0'
        while cursor != 0:
            cursor, data = self.redis.sscan(name, cursor, match='*7', count=100)
            results.extend(data)
        self.assertIn(b'sscan-test:7', results)
        self.assertIn(b'sscan-test:17', results)
        self.assertEqual(2, len(results))

        # Test the match on iterator
        results = [r for r in self.redis.sscan_iter(name, match='*7')]
        self.assertIn(b'sscan-test:7', results)
        self.assertIn(b'sscan-test:17', results)
        self.assertEqual(2, len(results))

    def test_hscan(self):
        # Setup the data
        name = 'hscan-test'
        for ix in range(20):
            k = 'key:%s' % ix
            v = 'result:%s' % ix
            self.redis.hset(name, k, v)
        expected = self.redis.hgetall(name)
        self.assertEqual(20, len(expected))  # Ensure we know what we're testing

        # Test that we page through the results and get everything out
        results = {}
        cursor = '0'
        while cursor != 0:
            cursor, data = self.redis.hscan(name, cursor, count=6)
            results.update(data)
        self.assertDictEqual(expected, results)

        # Test the iterator version
        results = {}
        for key, val in self.redis.hscan_iter(name, count=6):
            results[key] = val
        self.assertDictEqual(expected, results)

        # Now test that the MATCH functionality works
        results = {}
        cursor = '0'
        while cursor != 0:
            cursor, data = self.redis.hscan(name, cursor, match='*7', count=100)
            results.update(data)
        self.assertIn(b'key:7', results)
        self.assertIn(b'key:17', results)
        self.assertEqual(2, len(results))

        # Test the match on iterator
        results = {}
        for key, val in self.redis.hscan_iter(name, match='*7'):
            results[key] = val
        self.assertIn(b'key:7', results)
        self.assertIn(b'key:17', results)
        self.assertEqual(2, len(results))

    @attr('slow')
    def test_set_ex_should_expire_value(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar', ex=1)
        sleep(2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), None)

    @attr('slow')
    def test_set_px_should_expire_value(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar', px=500)
        sleep(1.5)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), None)

    @attr('slow')
    def test_psetex_expire_value(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ResponseError):
            self.redis.psetex('foo', 0, 'bar')
        self.redis.psetex('foo', 500, 'bar')
        sleep(1.5)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), None)

    @attr('slow')
    def test_psetex_expire_value_using_timedelta(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ResponseError):
            self.redis.psetex('foo', timedelta(seconds=0), 'bar')
        self.redis.psetex('foo', timedelta(seconds=0.5), 'bar')
        sleep(1.5)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), None)

    @attr('slow')
    def test_expire_should_expire_key(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')
        self.redis.expire('foo', 1)
        sleep(1.5)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.expire('bar', 1), False)

    def test_expire_should_return_true_for_existing_key(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        rv = self.redis.expire('foo', 1)
        self.assertIs(rv, True)

    def test_expire_should_return_false_for_missing_key(self):
        rv = self.redis.expire('missing', 1)
        self.assertIs(rv, False)

    def test_expire_long(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.redis.expire('foo', long(1))

    @attr('slow')
    def test_expire_should_expire_key_using_timedelta(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')
        self.redis.expire('foo', timedelta(seconds=1))
        sleep(1.5)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.expire('bar', 1), False)

    @attr('slow')
    def test_expire_should_expire_immediately_with_millisecond_timedelta(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')
        self.redis.expire('foo', timedelta(milliseconds=750))
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.expire('bar', 1), False)

    @attr('slow')
    def test_pexpire_should_expire_key(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')
        self.redis.pexpire('foo', 150)
        sleep(0.2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.pexpire('bar', 1), False)

    def test_pexpire_should_return_truthy_for_existing_key(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        rv = self.redis.pexpire('foo', 1)
        self.assertIs(bool(rv), True)

    def test_pexpire_should_return_falsey_for_missing_key(self):
        rv = self.redis.pexpire('missing', 1)
        self.assertIs(bool(rv), False)

    @attr('slow')
    def test_pexpire_should_expire_key_using_timedelta(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')
        self.redis.pexpire('foo', timedelta(milliseconds=750))
        sleep(0.5)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')
        sleep(0.5)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.pexpire('bar', 1), False)

    @attr('slow')
    def test_expireat_should_expire_key_by_datetime(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')
        self.redis.expireat('foo', datetime.now() + timedelta(seconds=1))
        sleep(1.5)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.expireat('bar', datetime.now()), False)

    @attr('slow')
    def test_expireat_should_expire_key_by_timestamp(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')
        self.redis.expireat('foo', int(time() + 1))
        sleep(1.5)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.expire('bar', 1), False)

    def test_expireat_should_return_true_for_existing_key(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        rv = self.redis.expireat('foo', int(time() + 1))
        self.assertIs(rv, True)

    def test_expireat_should_return_false_for_missing_key(self):
        rv = self.redis.expireat('missing', int(time() + 1))
        self.assertIs(rv, False)

    @attr('slow')
    def test_pexpireat_should_expire_key_by_datetime(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')
        self.redis.pexpireat('foo', datetime.now() + timedelta(milliseconds=150))
        sleep(0.2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.pexpireat('bar', datetime.now()), False)

    @attr('slow')
    def test_pexpireat_should_expire_key_by_timestamp(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')
        self.redis.pexpireat('foo', int(time() * 1000 + 150))
        sleep(0.2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.expire('bar', 1), False)

    def test_pexpireat_should_return_true_for_existing_key(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        rv = self.redis.pexpireat('foo', int(time() * 1000 + 150))
        self.assertIs(bool(rv), True)

    def test_pexpireat_should_return_false_for_missing_key(self):
        rv = self.redis.pexpireat('missing', int(time() * 1000 + 150))
        self.assertIs(bool(rv), False)

    def test_expire_should_not_handle_floating_point_values(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaisesRegexp(
                redis.ResponseError, 'value is not an integer or out of range'):
            self.redis.expire('something_new', 1.2)
            self.redis.pexpire('something_new', 1000.2)
            self.redis.expire('some_unused_key', 1.2)
            self.redis.pexpire('some_unused_key', 1000.2)

    def test_ttl_should_return_minus_one_for_non_expiring_key(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.ttl('foo'), -1)

    def test_ttl_should_return_minus_two_for_non_existent_key(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.ttl('foo'), -2)

    def test_pttl_should_return_minus_one_for_non_expiring_key(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.pttl('foo'), -1)

    def test_pttl_should_return_minus_two_for_non_existent_key(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), None)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.pttl('foo'), -2)

    def test_persist(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar', ex=20)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.persist('foo'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.ttl('foo'), -1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.persist('foo'), 0)

    def test_set_existing_key_persists(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar', ex=20)
        self.redis.set('foo', 'foo')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.ttl('foo'), -1)

    def test_eval_set_value_to_arg(self):
        self.redis.eval('redis.call("SET", KEYS[1], ARGV[1])', 1, 'foo', 'bar')
        val = self.redis.get('foo')
        self.assertEqual(val, b'bar')

    def test_eval_conditional(self):
        lua = """
        local val = redis.call("GET", KEYS[1])
        if val == ARGV[1] then
            redis.call("SET", KEYS[1], ARGV[2])
        else
            redis.call("SET", KEYS[1], ARGV[1])
        end
        """
        self.redis.eval(lua, 1, 'foo', 'bar', 'baz')
        val = self.redis.get('foo')
        self.assertEqual(val, b'bar')
        self.redis.eval(lua, 1, 'foo', 'bar', 'baz')
        val = self.redis.get('foo')
        self.assertEqual(val, b'baz')

    def test_eval_table(self):
        lua = """
        local a = {}
        a[1] = "foo"
        a[2] = "bar"
        a[17] = "baz"
        return a
        """
        val = self.redis.eval(lua, 0)
        self.assertEqual(val, [b'foo', b'bar'])

    def test_eval_table_with_nil(self):
        lua = """
        local a = {}
        a[1] = "foo"
        a[2] = nil
        a[3] = "bar"
        return a
        """
        val = self.redis.eval(lua, 0)
        self.assertEqual(val, [b'foo'])

    def test_eval_table_with_numbers(self):
        lua = """
        local a = {}
        a[1] = 42
        return a
        """
        val = self.redis.eval(lua, 0)
        self.assertEqual(val, [42])

    def test_eval_nested_table(self):
        lua = """
        local a = {}
        a[1] = {}
        a[1][1] = "foo"
        return a
        """
        val = self.redis.eval(lua, 0)
        self.assertEqual(val, [[b'foo']])

    def test_eval_iterate_over_argv(self):
        lua = """
        for i, v in ipairs(ARGV) do
        end
        return ARGV
        """
        val = self.redis.eval(lua, 0, "a", "b", "c")
        self.assertEqual(val, [b"a", b"b", b"c"])

    def test_eval_iterate_over_keys(self):
        lua = """
        for i, v in ipairs(KEYS) do
        end
        return KEYS
        """
        val = self.redis.eval(lua, 2, "a", "b", "c")
        self.assertEqual(val, [b"a", b"b"])

    def test_eval_mget(self):
        self.redis.set('foo1', 'bar1')
        self.redis.set('foo2', 'bar2')
        val = self.redis.eval('return redis.call("mget", "foo1", "foo2")', 2, 'foo1', 'foo2')
        self.assertEqual(val, [b'bar1', b'bar2'])

    @redis2_only
    def test_eval_mget_none(self):
        self.redis.set('foo1', None)
        self.redis.set('foo2', None)
        val = self.redis.eval('return redis.call("mget", "foo1", "foo2")', 2, 'foo1', 'foo2')
        self.assertEqual(val, [b'None', b'None'])

    def test_eval_mget_not_set(self):
        val = self.redis.eval('return redis.call("mget", "foo1", "foo2")', 2, 'foo1', 'foo2')
        self.assertEqual(val, [None, None])

    def test_eval_hgetall(self):
        self.redis.hset('foo', 'k1', 'bar')
        self.redis.hset('foo', 'k2', 'baz')
        val = self.redis.eval('return redis.call("hgetall", "foo")', 1, 'foo')
        sorted_val = sorted([val[:2], val[2:]])
        self.assertEqual(
            sorted_val,
            [[b'k1', b'bar'], [b'k2', b'baz']]
        )

    def test_eval_hgetall_iterate(self):
        self.redis.hset('foo', 'k1', 'bar')
        self.redis.hset('foo', 'k2', 'baz')
        lua = """
        local result = redis.call("hgetall", "foo")
        for i, v in ipairs(result) do
        end
        return result
        """
        val = self.redis.eval(lua, 1, 'foo')
        sorted_val = sorted([val[:2], val[2:]])
        self.assertEqual(
            sorted_val,
            [[b'k1', b'bar'], [b'k2', b'baz']]
        )

    @redis2_only
    def test_eval_list_with_nil(self):
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'bar')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', None)
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'baz')
        val = self.redis.eval('return redis.call("lrange", KEYS[1], 0, 2)', 1, 'foo')
        self.assertEqual(val, [b'baz', b'None', b'bar'])

    def test_eval_invalid_command(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ResponseError):
            self.redis.eval(
                'return redis.call("FOO")',
                0
            )

    def test_eval_syntax_error(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ResponseError):
            self.redis.eval('return "', 0)

    def test_eval_runtime_error(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ResponseError):
            self.redis.eval('error("CRASH")', 0)

    def test_eval_more_keys_than_args(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ResponseError):
            self.redis.eval('return 1', 42)

    def test_eval_numkeys_float_string(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ResponseError):
            self.redis.eval('return KEYS[1]', '0.7', 'foo')

    def test_eval_numkeys_integer_string(self):
        val = self.redis.eval('return KEYS[1]', "1", "foo")
        self.assertEqual(val, b'foo')

    def test_eval_numkeys_negative(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ResponseError):
            self.redis.eval('return KEYS[1]', -1, "foo")

    def test_eval_numkeys_float(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ResponseError):
            self.redis.eval('return KEYS[1]', 0.7, "foo")

    def test_eval_global_variable(self):
        # Redis doesn't allow script to define global variables
        with self.assertRaises(ResponseError):
            self.redis.eval('a=10', 0)

    def test_eval_global_and_return_ok(self):
        # Redis doesn't allow script to define global variables
        with self.assertRaises(ResponseError):
            self.redis.eval(
                '''
                a=10
                return redis.status_reply("Everything is awesome")
                ''',
                0
            )

    def test_eval_convert_number(self):
        # Redis forces all Lua numbers to integer
        val = self.redis.eval('return 3.2', 0)
        self.assertEqual(val, 3)
        val = self.redis.eval('return 3.8', 0)
        self.assertEqual(val, 3)
        val = self.redis.eval('return -3.8', 0)
        self.assertEqual(val, -3)

    def test_eval_convert_bool(self):
        # Redis converts true to 1 and false to nil (which redis-py converts to None)
        val = self.redis.eval('return false', 0)
        self.assertIsNone(val)
        val = self.redis.eval('return true', 0)
        self.assertEqual(val, 1)
        self.assertNotIsInstance(val, bool)

    @redis2_only
    def test_eval_none_arg(self):
        val = self.redis.eval('return ARGV[1] == "None"', 0, None)
        self.assertTrue(val)

    def test_eval_return_error(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError) as cm:
            self.redis.eval('return {err="Testing"}', 0)
        self.assertIn('Testing', str(cm.exception))
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError) as cm:
            self.redis.eval('return redis.error_reply("Testing")', 0)
        self.assertIn('Testing', str(cm.exception))

    def test_eval_return_ok(self):
        val = self.redis.eval('return {ok="Testing"}', 0)
        self.assertEqual(val, b'Testing')
        val = self.redis.eval('return redis.status_reply("Testing")', 0)
        self.assertEqual(val, b'Testing')

    def test_eval_return_ok_nested(self):
        val = self.redis.eval(
            '''
            local a = {}
            a[1] = {ok="Testing"}
            return a
            ''',
            0
        )
        self.assertEqual(val, [b'Testing'])

    def test_eval_return_ok_wrong_type(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ResponseError):
            self.redis.eval('return redis.status_reply(123)', 0)

    def test_eval_pcall(self):
        val = self.redis.eval(
            '''
            local a = {}
            a[1] = redis.pcall("foo")
            return a
            ''',
            0
        )
        self.assertIsInstance(val, list)
        self.assertEqual(len(val), 1)
        self.assertIsInstance(val[0], ResponseError)

    def test_eval_pcall_return_value(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ResponseError):
            self.redis.eval('return redis.pcall("foo")', 0)

    def test_eval_delete(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        val = self.redis.get('foo')
        self.assertEqual(val, b'bar')
        val = self.redis.eval('redis.call("DEL", KEYS[1])', 1, 'foo')
        self.assertIsNone(val)

    def test_eval_exists(self):
        val = self.redis.eval('return redis.call("exists", KEYS[1]) == 0', 1, 'foo')
        self.assertEqual(val, 1)

    def test_eval_flushdb(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        val = self.redis.eval(
            '''
            local value = redis.call("FLUSHDB");
            return type(value) == "table" and value.ok == "OK";
            ''', 0
        )
        self.assertEqual(val, 1)

    def test_eval_flushall(self):
        r1 = self.create_redis(db=0)
        r2 = self.create_redis(db=1)

        r1['r1'] = 'r1'
        r2['r2'] = 'r2'

        val = self.redis.eval(
            '''
            local value = redis.call("FLUSHALL");
            return type(value) == "table" and value.ok == "OK";
            ''', 0
        )

        self.assertEqual(val, 1)
        self.assertNotIn('r1', r1)
        self.assertNotIn('r2', r2)

    def test_eval_incrbyfloat(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 0.5)
        val = self.redis.eval(
            '''
            local value = redis.call("INCRBYFLOAT", KEYS[1], 2.0);
            return type(value) == "string" and tonumber(value) == 2.5;
            ''', 1, 'foo'
        )
        self.assertEqual(val, 1)

    def test_eval_lrange(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'a', 'b')
        val = self.redis.eval(
            '''
            local value = redis.call("LRANGE", KEYS[1], 0, -1);
            return type(value) == "table" and value[1] == "a" and value[2] == "b";
            ''', 1, 'foo'
        )
        self.assertEqual(val, 1)

    def test_eval_ltrim(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd')
        val = self.redis.eval(
            '''
            local value = redis.call("LTRIM", KEYS[1], 1, 2);
            return type(value) == "table" and value.ok == "OK";
            ''', 1, 'foo'
        )
        self.assertEqual(val, 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', 0, -1), [b'b', b'c'])

    def test_eval_lset(self):
        self.redis.rpush('foo', 'a', 'b')
        val = self.redis.eval(
            '''
            local value = redis.call("LSET", KEYS[1], 0, "z");
            return type(value) == "table" and value.ok == "OK";
            ''', 1, 'foo'
        )
        self.assertEqual(val, 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', 0, -1), [b'z', b'b'])

    def test_eval_sdiff(self):
        self.redis.sadd('foo', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'f', 'e', 'd')
        self.redis.sadd('bar', 'b')
        val = self.redis.eval(
            '''
            local value = redis.call("SDIFF", KEYS[1], KEYS[2]);
            if type(value) ~= "table" then
                return redis.error_reply(type(value) .. ", should be table");
            else
                return value;
            end
            ''', 2, 'foo', 'bar')
        # Note: while fakeredis sorts the result when using Lua, this isn't
        # actually part of the redis contract (see
        # https://github.com/antirez/redis/issues/5538), and for Redis 5 we
        # need to sort val to pass the test.
        self.assertEqual(sorted(val), [b'a', b'c', b'd', b'e', b'f'])

    def test_script(self):
        script = self.redis.register_script('return ARGV[1]')
        result = script(args=[42])
        self.assertEqual(result, b'42')


class TestFakeRedis(unittest.TestCase):
    decode_responses = False

    def setUp(self):
        if REDIS3:
            raise SkipTest('Legacy redis class does not apply to redis-py 3+')
        self.server = fakeredis.FakeServer()
        self.redis = self.create_redis()

    def tearDown(self):
        self.redis.flushall()
        del self.redis

    def assertInRange(self, value, start, end, msg=None):
        self.assertGreaterEqual(value, start, msg)
        self.assertLessEqual(value, end, msg)

    def create_redis(self, db=0):
        return fakeredis.FakeRedis(db=db, server=self.server)

    def test_setex(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.setex('foo', 'bar', 100), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')

    def test_setex_using_timedelta(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            self.redis.setex('foo', 'bar', timedelta(seconds=100)), True)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')

    def test_lrem_positive_count(self):
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'same')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'same')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'different')
        self.redis.lrem('foo', 'same', 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', 0, -1), [b'different'])

    def test_lrem_negative_count(self):
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'removeme')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'three')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'two')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'removeme')
        self.redis.lrem('foo', 'removeme', -1)
        # Should remove it from the end of the list,
        # leaving the 'removeme' from the front of the list alone.
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', 0, -1),
                         [b'removeme', b'one', b'two', b'three'])

    def test_lrem_zero_count(self):
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.lrem('foo', 'one')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', 0, -1), [])

    def test_lrem_default_value(self):
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.lrem('foo', 'one')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrange('foo', 0, -1), [])

    def test_lrem_does_not_exist(self):
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'one')
        self.redis.lrem('foo', 'one')
        # These should be noops.
        self.redis.lrem('foo', 'one', -2)
        self.redis.lrem('foo', 'one', 2)

    def test_lrem_return_value(self):
        self.redis.lpush('foo', 'one')
        count = self.redis.lrem('foo', 'one', 0)
        self.assertEqual(count, 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.lrem('foo', 'one'), 0)

    def test_zadd_deprecated(self):
        result = self.redis.zadd('foo', 'one', 1)
        self.assertEqual(result, 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, -1), [b'one'])

    def test_zadd_missing_required_params(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.RedisError):
            # Missing the 'score' param.
            self.redis.zadd('foo', 'one')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.RedisError):
            # Missing the 'value' param.
            self.redis.zadd('foo', None, score=1)
        with self.assertRaises(redis.RedisError):
            self.redis.zadd('foo')

    def test_zadd_with_single_keypair(self):
        result = self.redis.zadd('foo', bar=1)
        self.assertEqual(result, 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, -1), [b'bar'])

    def test_zadd_with_multiple_keypairs(self):
        result = self.redis.zadd('foo', bar=1, baz=9)
        self.assertEqual(result, 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, -1), [b'bar', b'baz'])

    def test_zadd_with_name_is_non_string(self):
        result = self.redis.zadd('foo', 1, 9)
        self.assertEqual(result, 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.zrange('foo', 0, -1), [b'1'])

    def test_ttl_should_return_none_for_non_expiring_key(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.ttl('foo'), None)

    def test_ttl_should_return_value_for_expiring_key(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.redis.expire('foo', 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.ttl('foo'), 1)
        self.redis.expire('foo', 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.ttl('foo'), 2)
        # See https://github.com/antirez/redis/blob/unstable/src/db.c#L632
        ttl = 1000000000
        self.redis.expire('foo', ttl)
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.ttl('foo'), ttl)

    def test_pttl_should_return_none_for_non_expiring_key(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.get('foo'), b'bar')
        self.assertEqual(self.redis.pttl('foo'), None)

    def test_pttl_should_return_value_for_expiring_key(self):
        d = 100
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.redis.expire('foo', 1)
        self.assertInRange(self.redis.pttl('foo'), 1000 - d, 1000)
        self.redis.expire('foo', 2)
        self.assertInRange(self.redis.pttl('foo'), 2000 - d, 2000)
        ttl = 1000000000
        # See https://github.com/antirez/redis/blob/unstable/src/db.c#L632
        self.redis.expire('foo', ttl)
        self.assertInRange(self.redis.pttl('foo'),
                           ttl * 1000 - d,
                           ttl * 1000)

    def test_ttls_should_always_be_long(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.redis.expire('foo', 1)
        self.assertTrue(type(self.redis.ttl('foo')) is long)
        self.assertTrue(type(self.redis.pttl('foo')) is long)

    def test_expire_should_not_handle_floating_point_values(self):
        self.redis.set('foo', 'bar')
        with self.assertRaisesRegexp(
                redis.ResponseError, 'value is not an integer or out of range'):
            self.redis.expire('something_new', 1.2)
            self.redis.pexpire('something_new', 1000.2)
            self.redis.expire('some_unused_key', 1.2)
            self.redis.pexpire('some_unused_key', 1000.2)

    def test_lock(self):
        lock = self.redis.lock('foo')
        self.assertTrue(lock.acquire())
        self.assertTrue(self.redis.exists('foo'))
        lock.release()
        self.assertFalse(self.redis.exists('foo'))
        with self.redis.lock('bar'):
            self.assertTrue(self.redis.exists('bar'))
        self.assertFalse(self.redis.exists('bar'))

    def test_unlock_without_lock(self):
        lock = self.redis.lock('foo')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.exceptions.LockError):
            lock.release()

    @attr('slow')
    def test_unlock_expired(self):
        lock = self.redis.lock('foo', timeout=0.01, sleep=0.001)
        self.assertTrue(lock.acquire())
        sleep(0.1)
        with self.assertRaises(redis.exceptions.LockError):
            lock.release()

    @attr('slow')
    def test_lock_blocking_timeout(self):
        lock = self.redis.lock('foo')
        self.assertTrue(lock.acquire())
        lock2 = self.redis.lock('foo')
        self.assertFalse(lock2.acquire(blocking_timeout=1))

    def test_lock_nonblocking(self):
        lock = self.redis.lock('foo')
        self.assertTrue(lock.acquire())
        lock2 = self.redis.lock('foo')
        self.assertFalse(lock2.acquire(blocking=False))

    def test_lock_twice(self):
        lock = self.redis.lock('foo')
        self.assertTrue(lock.acquire(blocking=False))
        self.assertFalse(lock.acquire(blocking=False))

    def test_acquiring_lock_different_lock_release(self):
        lock1 = self.redis.lock('foo')
        lock2 = self.redis.lock('foo')
        self.assertTrue(lock1.acquire(blocking=False))
        self.assertFalse(lock2.acquire(blocking=False))

        # Test only releasing lock1 actually releases the lock
        with self.assertRaises(redis.exceptions.LockError):
            lock2.release()
        self.assertFalse(lock2.acquire(blocking=False))
        lock1.release()
        # Locking with lock2 now has the lock
        self.assertTrue(lock2.acquire(blocking=False))
        self.assertFalse(lock1.acquire(blocking=False))

    def test_lock_extend(self):
        lock = self.redis.lock('foo', timeout=2)
        lock.acquire()
        lock.extend(3)
        ttl = int(self.redis.pttl('foo'))
        self.assertGreater(ttl, 4000)
        self.assertLessEqual(ttl, 5000)

    def test_lock_extend_exceptions(self):
        lock1 = self.redis.lock('foo', timeout=2)
        with self.assertRaises(redis.exceptions.LockError):
            lock1.extend(3)
        lock2 = self.redis.lock('foo')
        lock2.acquire()
        with self.assertRaises(redis.exceptions.LockError):
            lock2.extend(3)  # Cannot extend a lock with no timeout

    @attr('slow')
    def test_lock_extend_expired(self):
        lock = self.redis.lock('foo', timeout=0.01, sleep=0.001)
        lock.acquire()
        sleep(0.1)
        with self.assertRaises(redis.exceptions.LockError):
            lock.extend(3)


class DecodeMixin(object):
    decode_responses = True

    def _round_str(self, x):
        self.assertIsInstance(x, six.text_type)
        return round(float(x))

    @classmethod
    def _decode(cls, value):
        if isinstance(value, list):
            return [cls._decode(item) for item in value]
        elif isinstance(value, tuple):
            return tuple([cls._decode(item) for item in value])
        elif isinstance(value, set):
            return {cls._decode(item) for item in value}
        elif isinstance(value, dict):
            return {cls._decode(k): cls._decode(v) for k, v in value.items()}
        elif isinstance(value, bytes):
            return value.decode('utf-8')
        else:
            return value

    def assertEqual(self, a, b, msg=None):
        super(DecodeMixin, self).assertEqual(a, self._decode(b), msg)

    def assertIn(self, member, container, msg=None):
        super(DecodeMixin, self).assertIn(self._decode(member), container)

    def assertItemsEqual(self, a, b):
        super(DecodeMixin, self).assertItemsEqual(a, self._decode(b))


class TestFakeStrictRedisDecodeResponses(DecodeMixin, TestFakeStrictRedis):
    def create_redis(self, db=0):
        return fakeredis.FakeStrictRedis(db=db, decode_responses=True, server=self.server)


class TestFakeRedisDecodeResponses(DecodeMixin, TestFakeRedis):
    def create_redis(self, db=0):
        return fakeredis.FakeRedis(db=db, decode_responses=True, server=self.server)


@redis_must_be_running
class TestRealRedis(TestFakeRedis):
    def create_redis(self, db=0):
        return redis.Redis('localhost', port=6379, db=db)


@redis_must_be_running
class TestRealStrictRedis(TestFakeStrictRedis):
    def create_redis(self, db=0):
        return redis.StrictRedis('localhost', port=6379, db=db)


@redis_must_be_running
class TestRealRedisDecodeResponses(TestFakeRedisDecodeResponses):
    def create_redis(self, db=0):
        return redis.Redis('localhost', port=6379, db=db, decode_responses=True)


@redis_must_be_running
class TestRealStrictRedisDecodeResponses(TestFakeStrictRedisDecodeResponses):
    def create_redis(self, db=0):
        return redis.StrictRedis('localhost', port=6379, db=db, decode_responses=True)


class TestInitArgs(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_singleton(self):
        shared_server = fakeredis.FakeServer()
        r1 = fakeredis.FakeStrictRedis()
        r2 = fakeredis.FakeStrictRedis()
        r3 = fakeredis.FakeStrictRedis(server=shared_server)
        r4 = fakeredis.FakeStrictRedis(server=shared_server)

        r1.set('foo', 'bar')
        r3.set('bar', 'baz')

        self.assertIn('foo', r1)
        self.assertNotIn('foo', r2)
        self.assertNotIn('foo', r3)

        self.assertIn('bar', r3)
        self.assertIn('bar', r4)
        self.assertNotIn('bar', r1)

    def test_from_url(self):
        db = fakeredis.FakeStrictRedis.from_url(
            'redis://username:password@localhost:6379/0')
        db.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertEqual(db.get('foo'), b'bar')

    def test_from_url_with_db_arg(self):
        db = fakeredis.FakeStrictRedis.from_url(
            'redis://username:password@localhost:6379/0')
        db1 = fakeredis.FakeStrictRedis.from_url(
            'redis://username:password@localhost:6379/1')
        db2 = fakeredis.FakeStrictRedis.from_url(
            'redis://username:password@localhost:6379/',
            db=2)
        db.set('foo', 'foo0')
        db1.set('foo', 'foo1')
        db2.set('foo', 'foo2')
        self.assertEqual(db.get('foo'), b'foo0')
        self.assertEqual(db1.get('foo'), b'foo1')
        self.assertEqual(db2.get('foo'), b'foo2')

    def test_from_url_db_value_error(self):
        # In ValueError, should default to 0
        db = fakeredis.FakeStrictRedis.from_url(
            'redis://username:password@localhost:6379/a')
        self.assertEqual(db.connection_pool.connection_kwargs['db'], 0)

    def test_can_pass_through_extra_args(self):
        db = fakeredis.FakeStrictRedis.from_url(
            'redis://username:password@localhost:6379/0',
            decode_responses=True)
        db.set('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertEqual(db.get('foo'), 'bar')


class TestFakeStrictRedisConnectionErrors(unittest.TestCase):
    # Wrap some redis commands to abstract differences between redis-py 2 and 3.
    def zadd(self, key, d):
        if REDIS3:
            return self.redis.zadd(key, d)
        else:
            return self.redis.zadd(key, **d)

    def create_redis(self):
        return fakeredis.FakeStrictRedis(db=0, connected=False)

    def setUp(self):
        self.redis = self.create_redis()

    def tearDown(self):
        del self.redis

    def test_flushdb(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.flushdb()

    def test_flushall(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.flushall()

    def test_append(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.append('key', 'value')

    def test_bitcount(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.bitcount('key', 0, 20)

    def test_decr(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.decr('key', 2)

    def test_exists(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.exists('key')

    def test_expire(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.expire('key', 20)

    def test_pexpire(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.pexpire('key', 20)

    def test_echo(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.echo('value')

    def test_get(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.get('key')

    def test_getbit(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.getbit('key', 2)

    def test_getset(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.getset('key', 'value')

    def test_incr(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.incr('key')

    def test_incrby(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.incrby('key')

    def test_ncrbyfloat(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.incrbyfloat('key')

    def test_keys(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.keys()

    def test_mget(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.mget(['key1', 'key2'])

    def test_mset(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.mset({'key': 'value'})

    def test_msetnx(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.msetnx({'key': 'value'})

    def test_persist(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.persist('key')

    def test_rename(self):
        server = self.redis.connection_pool.connection_kwargs['server']
        server.connected = True
        self.redis.set('key1', 'value')
        server.connected = False
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.rename('key1', 'key2')
        server.connected = True
        self.assertTrue(self.redis.exists('key1'))

    def test_eval(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.eval('', 0)

    def test_lpush(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.lpush('name', 1, 2)

    def test_lrange(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.lrange('name', 1, 5)

    def test_llen(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.llen('name')

    def test_lrem(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.lrem('name', 2, 2)

    def test_rpush(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.rpush('name', 1)

    def test_lpop(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.lpop('name')

    def test_lset(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.lset('name', 1, 4)

    def test_rpushx(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.rpushx('name', 1)

    def test_ltrim(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.ltrim('name', 1, 4)

    def test_lindex(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.lindex('name', 1)

    def test_lpushx(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.lpushx('name', 1)

    def test_rpop(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.rpop('name')

    def test_linsert(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.linsert('name', 'where', 'refvalue', 'value')

    def test_rpoplpush(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.rpoplpush('src', 'dst')

    def test_blpop(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.blpop('keys')

    def test_brpop(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.brpop('keys')

    def test_brpoplpush(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.brpoplpush('src', 'dst')

    def test_hdel(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.hdel('name')

    def test_hexists(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.hexists('name', 'key')

    def test_hget(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.hget('name', 'key')

    def test_hgetall(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.hgetall('name')

    def test_hincrby(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.hincrby('name', 'key')

    def test_hincrbyfloat(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.hincrbyfloat('name', 'key')

    def test_hkeys(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.hkeys('name')

    def test_hlen(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.hlen('name')

    def test_hset(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.hset('name', 'key', 1)

    def test_hsetnx(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.hsetnx('name', 'key', 2)

    def test_hmset(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.hmset('name', {'key': 1})

    def test_hmget(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.hmget('name', ['a', 'b'])

    def test_hvals(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.hvals('name')

    def test_sadd(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.sadd('name', 1, 2)

    def test_scard(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.scard('name')

    def test_sdiff(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.sdiff(['a', 'b'])

    def test_sdiffstore(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.sdiffstore('dest', ['a', 'b'])

    def test_sinter(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.sinter(['a', 'b'])

    def test_sinterstore(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.sinterstore('dest', ['a', 'b'])

    def test_sismember(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.sismember('name', 20)

    def test_smembers(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.smembers('name')

    def test_smove(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.smove('src', 'dest', 20)

    def test_spop(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.spop('name')

    def test_srandmember(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.srandmember('name')

    def test_srem(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.srem('name')

    def test_sunion(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.sunion(['a', 'b'])

    def test_sunionstore(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.sunionstore('dest', ['a', 'b'])

    def test_zadd(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.zadd('name', {'key': 'value'})

    def test_zcard(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.zcard('name')

    def test_zcount(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.zcount('name', 1, 5)

    def test_zincrby(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.zincrby('name', 1, 1)

    def test_zinterstore(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.zinterstore('dest', ['a', 'b'])

    def test_zrange(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.zrange('name', 1, 5)

    def test_zrangebyscore(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.zrangebyscore('name', 1, 5)

    def test_rangebylex(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.zrangebylex('name', 1, 4)

    def test_zrem(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.zrem('name', 'value')

    def test_zremrangebyrank(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.zremrangebyrank('name', 1, 5)

    def test_zremrangebyscore(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.zremrangebyscore('name', 1, 5)

    def test_zremrangebylex(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.zremrangebylex('name', 1, 5)

    def test_zlexcount(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.zlexcount('name', 1, 5)

    def test_zrevrange(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.zrevrange('name', 1, 5, 1)

    def test_zrevrangebyscore(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.zrevrangebyscore('name', 5, 1)

    def test_zrevrangebylex(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.zrevrangebylex('name', 5, 1)

    def test_zrevran(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.zrevrank('name', 2)

    def test_zscore(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.zscore('name', 2)

    def test_zunionstor(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.zunionstore('dest', ['1', '2'])

    def test_pipeline(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.pipeline().watch('key')

    def test_transaction(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            def func(a):
                return a * a

            self.redis.transaction(func, 3)

    def test_lock(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            with self.redis.lock('name'):
                pass

    def test_pubsub(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.pubsub().subscribe('channel')

    def test_pfadd(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.pfadd('name', 1)

    def test_pfmerge(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.pfmerge('dest', 'a', 'b')

    def test_scan(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            list(self.redis.scan())

    def test_sscan(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.sscan('name')

    def test_hscan(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.redis.hscan('name')

    def test_scan_iter(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            list(self.redis.scan_iter())

    def test_sscan_iter(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            list(self.redis.sscan_iter('name'))

    def test_hscan_iter(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            list(self.redis.hscan_iter('name'))


class TestPubSubConnected(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.server = fakeredis.FakeServer()
        self.server.connected = False
        self.redis = fakeredis.FakeStrictRedis(server=self.server)
        self.pubsub = self.redis.pubsub()

    def test_basic_subscribe(self):
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.pubsub.subscribe('logs')

    def test_subscription_conn_lost(self):
        self.server.connected = True
        self.pubsub.subscribe('logs')
        self.server.connected = False
        # The initial message is already in the pipe
        msg = self.pubsub.get_message()
        check = {
            'type': 'subscribe',
            'pattern': None,
            'channel': b'logs',
            'data': 1
        }
        self.assertEqual(msg, check, 'Message was not published to channel')
        with self.assertRaises(redis.ConnectionError):
            self.pubsub.get_message()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()