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Postgres

Installation on MacOS using Homebrew services

First Steps

  1. Install PostgreSQL, preferably a pinned version
brew install postgresql@10
  1. If you don't have one, get the psql client.
brew install libpq

libpq won't install itself in the /usr/local/bin directory like other Homebrew applications. To make that happen, you need to run:

brew link --force libpq
  1. Start Postgres services
brew services start postgresql

Check brew info postgresql

  1. Create a database, and...
createdb `first`

Fix role "postgres" does not exist error

createuser -s postgres

Initial Reading

PostgreSQL Guide

PSQL

  • Run psql client as user postgres - psql -U postgres
  • Connect to local postgres database as a specific user - `psql -h localhost -U <postgres_user> ``

Quick Start

  • \? - List all available commands
  • \q - Quit/Exit
  • \l - List databases
  • \c <database> - Connect to a database

Up and Running, Informational

  • \d - List tables

  • \d <table> - Show table definition, including triggers

  • \d+ <table> - Show additional info about a table

  • \dy - List events

  • \df - List functions

  • \di - List indexes

  • \dn - List schemas

  • \dv - List views

  • \e - Open default text editor in psql shell

  • \copy (SELECT * FROM __table_name__) TO 'file_path_and_name.csv' WITH CSV - Export a table as CSV

Settings

  • \timing - Turn on query timing
  • \x - Pretty-format query results

Backup and Restore

Backup, plain text

  • pg_dump <dbname> > db.sql - plain text

Backup, for persistence and storage

  • pg_dump -Fc <dbname> > db.bak - compressed binary format
  • pg_dump -Ft <dbname> > db.tar - tarball format

Restore

If the database already exists,

  • pg_restore -Fc db.bak - restore compressed binary format
  • pg_restore -Ft db.tar - restore tarball format

If creating the database new from a dump, you'll need to add the -C flag.

Import, as a new database

Create the database

  • createdb -T template0 <dbname>

Import database from dump

  • pg_restore --clean --no-owner --verbose -d <dbname> db.bak -

Database Commands, outside of psql

  • Create database createdb <database_name>
  • Drop database dropdb <database_name>
  • Restore database pg_restore --no-owner --dbname <database> <database.dump>

Database Commands, inside of PSQL (DON'T FORGET ;)

  • Create database CREATE DATABASE <database>
  • Remove database DROP DATABASE <database>