diff --git a/pallet/account-migration/Cargo.toml b/pallet/account-migration/Cargo.toml
index 9b4273974..9a8b9aa02 100644
--- a/pallet/account-migration/Cargo.toml
+++ b/pallet/account-migration/Cargo.toml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ version.workspace = true
 [dependencies]
 # crates.io
 array-bytes = { workspace = true }
-codec       = { workspace = true, package = "parity-scale-codec" }
+codec       = { workspace = true }
 scale-info  = { workspace = true }
 
 # darwinia
diff --git a/pallet/asset-limit/Cargo.toml b/pallet/asset-limit/Cargo.toml
index ddc19d225..2f6cb2284 100644
--- a/pallet/asset-limit/Cargo.toml
+++ b/pallet/asset-limit/Cargo.toml
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ version.workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
 # crates.io
-codec      = { workspace = true, package = "parity-scale-codec" }
+codec      = { workspace = true }
 scale-info = { workspace = true }
 
 # moonbeam
diff --git a/pallet/deposit/Cargo.toml b/pallet/deposit/Cargo.toml
index 1f2b2cdf1..97b929656 100644
--- a/pallet/deposit/Cargo.toml
+++ b/pallet/deposit/Cargo.toml
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ version.workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
 # crates.io
-codec      = { workspace = true, package = "parity-scale-codec" }
+codec      = { workspace = true }
 ethabi     = { workspace = true }
 log        = { workspace = true }
 scale-info = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/pallet/ethtx-forwarder/Cargo.toml b/pallet/ethtx-forwarder/Cargo.toml
index 45b7b4b8c..debd2b5d7 100644
--- a/pallet/ethtx-forwarder/Cargo.toml
+++ b/pallet/ethtx-forwarder/Cargo.toml
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ version.workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
 # crates.io
-codec      = { workspace = true, package = "parity-scale-codec" }
+codec      = { workspace = true }
 ethabi     = { workspace = true }
 ethereum   = { workspace = true }
 log        = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/pallet/staking/Cargo.toml b/pallet/staking/Cargo.toml
index 4e05913fe..e8a248fb7 100644
--- a/pallet/staking/Cargo.toml
+++ b/pallet/staking/Cargo.toml
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ version.workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
 # crates.io
-codec      = { workspace = true, package = "parity-scale-codec" }
+codec      = { workspace = true }
 ethabi     = { workspace = true }
 log        = { workspace = true }
 scale-info = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/pallet/staking/src/lib.rs b/pallet/staking/src/lib.rs
index 1dcd9b505..b322234ac 100644
--- a/pallet/staking/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallet/staking/src/lib.rs
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ macro_rules! call_on_exposure {
 		}
 	}};
 	(<$s:ident<$t:ident>>$($f:tt)*) => {{
-		let s = <$crate::ExposureCacheStates<$t>>::get();
+		let s = <$crate::CacheStates<$t>>::get();
 
 		$crate::call_on_exposure!(s, <$s<$t>>$($f)*)
 	}};
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ macro_rules! call_on_cache {
 		}
 	}};
 	(<$s:ident<$t:ident>>$($f:tt)*) => {{
-		let s = <$crate::CollatorsCacheState<$t>>::get();
+		let s = <$crate::CacheStates<$t>>::get();
 
 		$crate::call_on_cache!(s, <$s<$t>>$($f)*)
 	}};
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
 	#[pallet::getter(fn collator_of)]
 	pub type Collators<T: Config> = StorageMap<_, Twox64Concat, T::AccountId, Perbill>;
 
-	/// Exposure cache states.
+	/// Collator/Exposure cache states.
 	///
 	/// To avoid extra DB RWs during new session, such as:
 	/// ```nocompile
@@ -239,15 +239,11 @@ pub mod pallet {
 	/// ```
 	#[pallet::storage]
 	#[pallet::getter(fn exposure_cache_states)]
-	pub type ExposureCacheStates<T: Config> = StorageValue<
-		_,
-		(CacheState, CacheState, CacheState),
-		ValueQuery,
-		ExposureCacheStatesDefault<T>,
-	>;
-	/// Default value for [`ExposureCacheStates`].
+	pub type CacheStates<T: Config> =
+		StorageValue<_, (CacheState, CacheState, CacheState), ValueQuery, CacheStatesDefault<T>>;
+	/// Default value for [`CacheStates`].
 	#[pallet::type_value]
-	pub fn ExposureCacheStatesDefault<T: Config>() -> (CacheState, CacheState, CacheState) {
+	pub fn CacheStatesDefault<T: Config>() -> (CacheState, CacheState, CacheState) {
 		(CacheState::Previous, CacheState::Current, CacheState::Next)
 	}
 
@@ -334,42 +330,6 @@ pub mod pallet {
 	#[pallet::getter(fn migration_start_point)]
 	pub type MigrationStartPoint<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, Moment, ValueQuery>;
 
-	/// Collator cache state.
-	///
-	/// To avoid extra DB RWs during new session, such as:
-	/// ```nocompile
-	/// previous = current;
-	/// current = next;
-	/// next = elect();
-	/// ```
-	///
-	/// Now, with data:
-	/// ```nocompile
-	/// cache1 == previous;
-	/// cache2 == current;
-	/// cache3 == next;
-	/// ```
-	/// Just need to shift the marker and write the storage map once:
-	/// ```nocompile
-	/// mark(cache3, current);
-	/// mark(cache2, previous);
-	/// mark(cache1, next);
-	/// cache1 = elect();
-	/// ```
-	#[pallet::storage]
-	#[pallet::getter(fn collator_cache_state)]
-	pub type CollatorsCacheState<T: Config> = StorageValue<
-		_,
-		(CacheState, CacheState, CacheState),
-		ValueQuery,
-		CollatorCacheStateDefault<T>,
-	>;
-	/// Default value for [`CollatorsCacheState`].
-	#[pallet::type_value]
-	pub fn CollatorCacheStateDefault<T: Config>() -> (CacheState, CacheState, CacheState) {
-		(CacheState::Previous, CacheState::Current, CacheState::Next)
-	}
-
 	// TODO: use `BoundedVec`.
 	/// Exposure cache 0.
 	#[pallet::storage]
@@ -789,8 +749,6 @@ pub mod pallet {
 			for n_exposure in c_exposure.nominators {
 				let n_payout = Perbill::from_rational(n_exposure.vote, c_exposure.vote) * n_payout;
 
-				dbg!(n_payout);
-
 				if collator == n_exposure.who {
 					// If the collator nominated themselves.
 
@@ -873,13 +831,9 @@ pub mod pallet {
 		/// loop { mutate(2, 0, 1) }
 		/// ```
 		pub fn shift_cache_states() {
-			let (s0, s1, s2) = <ExposureCacheStates<T>>::get();
-
-			<ExposureCacheStates<T>>::put((s2, s0, s1));
-
-			let (s0, s1, s2) = <CollatorsCacheState<T>>::get();
+			let (s0, s1, s2) = <CacheStates<T>>::get();
 
-			<CollatorsCacheState<T>>::put((s2, s0, s1));
+			<CacheStates<T>>::put((s2, s0, s1));
 		}
 
 		/// Elect the new collators.
@@ -912,7 +866,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
 
 			collators.sort_by(|(_, a), (_, b)| b.cmp(a));
 
-			let cache_states = <ExposureCacheStates<T>>::get();
+			let cache_states = <CacheStates<T>>::get();
 
 			collators
 				.into_iter()
diff --git a/pallet/staking/src/tests.rs b/pallet/staking/src/tests.rs
index 756cd6324..59ed4af91 100644
--- a/pallet/staking/src/tests.rs
+++ b/pallet/staking/src/tests.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ fn exposure_cache_states_should_work() {
 	ExtBuilder::default().build().execute_with(|| {
 		#[allow(deprecated)]
 		{
-			<ExposureCacheStates<Runtime>>::kill();
+			<CacheStates<Runtime>>::kill();
 			<ExposureCache0<Runtime>>::remove_all(None);
 			<ExposureCache1<Runtime>>::remove_all(None);
 			<ExposureCache2<Runtime>>::remove_all(None);
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ fn exposure_cache_states_should_work() {
 		assert!(call_on_exposure!(<Next<Runtime>>::get(AccountId(1)).is_none()).unwrap());
 		assert!(call_on_exposure!(<Next<Runtime>>::get(AccountId(2)).is_some()).unwrap());
 		assert_eq!(
-			<ExposureCacheStates<Runtime>>::get(),
+			<CacheStates<Runtime>>::get(),
 			(CacheState::Previous, CacheState::Current, CacheState::Next)
 		);
 
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ fn exposure_cache_states_should_work() {
 		assert!(call_on_exposure!(<Next<Runtime>>::get(AccountId(1)).is_none()).unwrap());
 		assert!(call_on_exposure!(<Next<Runtime>>::get(AccountId(2)).is_none()).unwrap());
 		assert_eq!(
-			<ExposureCacheStates<Runtime>>::get(),
+			<CacheStates<Runtime>>::get(),
 			(CacheState::Next, CacheState::Previous, CacheState::Current)
 		);
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ fn exposure_cache_states_should_work() {
 		assert!(call_on_exposure!(<Next<Runtime>>::get(AccountId(1)).is_some()).unwrap());
 		assert!(call_on_exposure!(<Next<Runtime>>::get(AccountId(2)).is_none()).unwrap());
 		assert_eq!(
-			<ExposureCacheStates<Runtime>>::get(),
+			<CacheStates<Runtime>>::get(),
 			(CacheState::Current, CacheState::Next, CacheState::Previous)
 		);
 
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ fn exposure_cache_states_should_work() {
 		assert!(call_on_exposure!(<Next<Runtime>>::get(AccountId(1)).is_none()).unwrap());
 		assert!(call_on_exposure!(<Next<Runtime>>::get(AccountId(2)).is_some()).unwrap());
 		assert_eq!(
-			<ExposureCacheStates<Runtime>>::get(),
+			<CacheStates<Runtime>>::get(),
 			(CacheState::Previous, CacheState::Current, CacheState::Next)
 		);
 	});
@@ -864,19 +864,7 @@ fn hybrid_payout_should_work() {
 		payout();
 
 		assert_eq!(
-			[
-				1_000 * UNIT,
-				1_000 * UNIT,
-				1_000 * UNIT,
-				1_000 * UNIT,
-				1_000 * UNIT,
-				1_000 * UNIT,
-				1_000 * UNIT,
-				1_000 * UNIT,
-				1_000 * UNIT,
-				1_000 * UNIT,
-			]
-			.as_slice(),
+			[1_000 * UNIT; 10].as_slice(),
 			collators
 				.into_iter()
 				.map(Balances::free_balance)
diff --git a/pallet/staking/traits/Cargo.toml b/pallet/staking/traits/Cargo.toml
index e1cd88ffd..3e49557a2 100644
--- a/pallet/staking/traits/Cargo.toml
+++ b/pallet/staking/traits/Cargo.toml
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ version.workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
 # crates.io
-codec      = { workspace = true, package = "parity-scale-codec" }
+codec      = { workspace = true }
 scale-info = { workspace = true }
 
 # polkadot-sdk
diff --git a/precompile/assets/Cargo.toml b/precompile/assets/Cargo.toml
index a567dabf5..4e5e4c329 100644
--- a/precompile/assets/Cargo.toml
+++ b/precompile/assets/Cargo.toml
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ sp-std        = { workspace = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 # crates.io
-codec      = { workspace = true, package = "parity-scale-codec" }
+codec      = { workspace = true }
 scale-info = { workspace = true, features = ["std"] }
 sha3       = { workspace = true }
 
diff --git a/precompile/deposit/Cargo.toml b/precompile/deposit/Cargo.toml
index 1791bdbe0..f478498f1 100644
--- a/precompile/deposit/Cargo.toml
+++ b/precompile/deposit/Cargo.toml
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ sp-std        = { workspace = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 # crates.io
-codec      = { workspace = true, package = "parity-scale-codec", features = ["std"] }
+codec      = { workspace = true, features = ["std"] }
 scale-info = { workspace = true, features = ["std"] }
 
 # moonbeam
diff --git a/precompile/staking/Cargo.toml b/precompile/staking/Cargo.toml
index 1efd76332..fc1d2c781 100644
--- a/precompile/staking/Cargo.toml
+++ b/precompile/staking/Cargo.toml
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ sp-std        = { workspace = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 # crates.io
-codec      = { workspace = true, package = "parity-scale-codec", features = ["std"] }
+codec      = { workspace = true, features = ["std"] }
 scale-info = { workspace = true, features = ["std"] }
 
 # darwinia
diff --git a/precompile/state-storage/Cargo.toml b/precompile/state-storage/Cargo.toml
index d49379ee4..eab420fd0 100644
--- a/precompile/state-storage/Cargo.toml
+++ b/precompile/state-storage/Cargo.toml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ sp-std        = { workspace = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 # crates.io
-codec      = { workspace = true, package = "parity-scale-codec", features = ["std"] }
+codec      = { workspace = true, features = ["std"] }
 scale-info = { workspace = true, features = ["std"] }
 
 # moonbeam
diff --git a/runtime/common/Cargo.toml b/runtime/common/Cargo.toml
index f475d989e..981b81375 100644
--- a/runtime/common/Cargo.toml
+++ b/runtime/common/Cargo.toml
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ version.workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
 # crates.io
-codec      = { workspace = true, package = "parity-scale-codec" }
+codec      = { workspace = true }
 log        = { workspace = true }
 scale-info = { workspace = true }
 smallvec   = { version = "1.10" }
diff --git a/runtime/crab/Cargo.toml b/runtime/crab/Cargo.toml
index f0b95255a..f18a67bba 100644
--- a/runtime/crab/Cargo.toml
+++ b/runtime/crab/Cargo.toml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ substrate-wasm-builder = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 
 [dependencies]
 # crates.io
-codec      = { workspace = true, package = "parity-scale-codec" }
+codec      = { workspace = true }
 log        = { workspace = true }
 scale-info = { workspace = true }
 strum      = { workspace = true, features = ["derive"] }
diff --git a/runtime/crab/src/migration.rs b/runtime/crab/src/migration.rs
index f36834591..51935f86e 100644
--- a/runtime/crab/src/migration.rs
+++ b/runtime/crab/src/migration.rs
@@ -45,6 +45,16 @@ impl frame_support::traits::OnRuntimeUpgrade for CustomOnRuntimeUpgrade {
 }
 
 fn migrate() -> frame_support::weights::Weight {
-	frame_support::weights::Weight::zero()
-	// <Runtime as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(10, 10)
+	// dawinia
+	use darwinia_staking::CacheState;
+	if let Some(s) = migration::get_storage_value::<(CacheState, CacheState, CacheState)>(
+		b"DarwinaStaking",
+		b"ExposureCacheStates",
+		&[],
+	) {
+		let _ = migration::put_storage_value(b"DarwinaStaking", b"CacheStates", &[], s);
+	}
+
+	// frame_support::weights::Weight::zero()
+	<Runtime as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 1)
 }
diff --git a/runtime/darwinia/Cargo.toml b/runtime/darwinia/Cargo.toml
index 8468aab32..f8f0f8d59 100644
--- a/runtime/darwinia/Cargo.toml
+++ b/runtime/darwinia/Cargo.toml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ substrate-wasm-builder = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 
 [dependencies]
 # crates.io
-codec      = { workspace = true, package = "parity-scale-codec" }
+codec      = { workspace = true }
 log        = { workspace = true }
 scale-info = { workspace = true }
 strum      = { workspace = true, features = ["derive"] }
diff --git a/runtime/darwinia/src/migration.rs b/runtime/darwinia/src/migration.rs
index 29ced7b78..53a7a98d5 100644
--- a/runtime/darwinia/src/migration.rs
+++ b/runtime/darwinia/src/migration.rs
@@ -53,6 +53,16 @@ fn migrate() -> frame_support::weights::Weight {
 		None,
 	);
 
+	// dawinia
+	use darwinia_staking::CacheState;
+	if let Some(s) = migration::get_storage_value::<(CacheState, CacheState, CacheState)>(
+		b"DarwinaStaking",
+		b"ExposureCacheStates",
+		&[],
+	) {
+		let _ = migration::put_storage_value(b"DarwinaStaking", b"CacheStates", &[], s);
+	}
+
 	// frame_support::weights::Weight::zero()
-	<Runtime as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(0, 100)
+	<Runtime as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 101)
 }
diff --git a/runtime/koi/Cargo.toml b/runtime/koi/Cargo.toml
index ec3f6beb3..c4cf7a1e4 100644
--- a/runtime/koi/Cargo.toml
+++ b/runtime/koi/Cargo.toml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ substrate-wasm-builder = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 [dependencies]
 # crates.io
 array-bytes = { workspace = true }
-codec       = { workspace = true, package = "parity-scale-codec" }
+codec       = { workspace = true }
 log         = { workspace = true }
 scale-info  = { workspace = true }
 strum       = { workspace = true, features = ["derive"] }
diff --git a/runtime/koi/src/migration.rs b/runtime/koi/src/migration.rs
index 5047bc277..743e5e352 100644
--- a/runtime/koi/src/migration.rs
+++ b/runtime/koi/src/migration.rs
@@ -45,6 +45,19 @@ impl frame_support::traits::OnRuntimeUpgrade for CustomOnRuntimeUpgrade {
 }
 
 fn migrate() -> frame_support::weights::Weight {
-	frame_support::weights::Weight::zero()
-	// <Runtime as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(0, 1)
+	let _ =
+		migration::clear_storage_prefix(b"DarwinaStaking", b"CollatorCacheState", &[], None, None);
+
+	// dawinia
+	use darwinia_staking::CacheState;
+	if let Some(s) = migration::get_storage_value::<(CacheState, CacheState, CacheState)>(
+		b"DarwinaStaking",
+		b"ExposureCacheStates",
+		&[],
+	) {
+		let _ = migration::put_storage_value(b"DarwinaStaking", b"CacheStates", &[], s);
+	}
+
+	// frame_support::weights::Weight::zero()
+	<Runtime as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 2)
 }