Covers function doesn't consider MULTIPOLYGON a1 covers a MULTIPOINT containing 'EMPTY'

[cuteDen-ECNU]

Consider the following statement:

SELECT ST_Covers(a1, a2)
FROM ST_GeomFromText('MULTIPOLYGON(((1 0,0 1,-1 0,0 -1, 1 0)))')
As a1, 
ST_GeomFromText('MULTIPOINT(EMPTY,(0 0)) ')
As a2;
-- actual{f}, expected{t}

According to the definition of ST_Cover below and the point of geometry a2 lies inside, geometry a1 covers a2.

Returns true if every point in Geometry/Geography B lies inside

But Postgis doesn't consider the cover relationship which seems a bug.

Version is the latest from GitHub:
POSTGIS="3.5.0dev 3.4.0rc1-749-g42f04a29e" [EXTENSION] PGSQL="170" GEOS="3.13.0dev-CAPI-1.18.0" PROJ="8.2.1 NETWORK_ENABLED=OFF URL_ENDPOINT=https://cdn.proj.org USER_WRITABLE_DIRECTORY=/tmp/proj DATABASE_PATH=/usr/share/proj/proj.db" LIBXML="2.9.13" (core procs from "3.5.0dev 3.4.0rc1-748-gaedf3b14f" need upgrade)

[cuteDen-ECNU]

bugtracker link: libgeos/geos#988
fix link: locationtech/jts#1015

[cuteDen-ECNU]

It could be an optimization issue. In the compile process, there is a file named configure. ST_Cover returns the expected result True if I add --enable-debug option to execute it. However, ST_Cover returns the unexpected result False when I remove --enable-debug :

./configure --with-pgconfig=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_config \
 --with-geosconfig=/usr/local/bin/geos-config \
 --without-protobuf --without-raster 

To give more evidence about this optimization suspect, I have replaced each '-O2' to '-O0' in configure file, ST_Cover returns the expected result.

Meanwhile, I have tried compiling with -fsanitize=address and -fsanitize=undefined. It seems Postgis isn’t compatible with sanitizer:

psql:script/simplify.sql:43: ERROR:  could not load library "/usr/local/pgsql/lib/postgis-3.so": /usr/local/pgsql/lib/postgis-3.so: undefined symbol: __asan_option_detect_stack_use_after_return

So I cannot give a more accurate location.