-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
python网页解析利器——BeautifulSoup.html
409 lines (391 loc) · 40.4 KB
/
python网页解析利器——BeautifulSoup.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-US">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="author" content="littlewhite" />
<meta name="copyright" content="littlewhite" />
<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
<meta name="keywords" content="python, beautifulsoup, Language, " />
<meta property="og:title" content="python网页解析利器——BeautifulSoup "/>
<meta property="og:url" content="https://chukeer.github.io/python网页解析利器——BeautifulSoup.html" />
<meta property="og:description" content="python解析网页，无出BeautifulSoup左右，此是序言 安装¶ BeautifulSoup4以后的安装需要用eazy_install，如果不需要最新的功能，安装版本3就够了，千万别以为老版本就怎么怎么不好，想当初也是千万人在用的啊。安装很简单 wget "http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/download/3.x/BeautifulSoup-3.2.1.tar.gz" tar zxvf BeautifulSoup-3.2.1.tar.gz 然后把里面的BeautifulSoup.py这个文件放到你python安装目录下的site-packages目录下 site-packages是存放Python第三方包的地方，至于这个目录在什么地方呢，每个系统不一样，可以用下面的方式找一下，基本上都能找到 sudo find / -name "site-packages" -maxdepth 5 -type d 当然如果没有root权限就查找当前用户的根目录 find ~ -name ..." />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="楚客" />
<meta property="og:article:author" content="littlewhite" />
<meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2014-03-21T00:00:00+08:00" />
<meta property="" content="2014-03-21T00:00:00+08:00" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="python网页解析利器——BeautifulSoup ">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="python解析网页，无出BeautifulSoup左右，此是序言 安装¶ BeautifulSoup4以后的安装需要用eazy_install，如果不需要最新的功能，安装版本3就够了，千万别以为老版本就怎么怎么不好，想当初也是千万人在用的啊。安装很简单 wget "http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/download/3.x/BeautifulSoup-3.2.1.tar.gz" tar zxvf BeautifulSoup-3.2.1.tar.gz 然后把里面的BeautifulSoup.py这个文件放到你python安装目录下的site-packages目录下 site-packages是存放Python第三方包的地方，至于这个目录在什么地方呢，每个系统不一样，可以用下面的方式找一下，基本上都能找到 sudo find / -name "site-packages" -maxdepth 5 -type d 当然如果没有root权限就查找当前用户的根目录 find ~ -name ...">
<title>python网页解析利器——BeautifulSoup · 楚客
</title>
<!--
<link href="//netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/twitter-bootstrap/2.3.2/css/bootstrap-combined.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="//netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.0.1/css/font-awesome.css" rel="stylesheet">
--!>
<link href="https://chukeer.github.io/theme/css/bootstrap-combined.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://chukeer.github.io/theme/css/font-awesome.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://chukeer.github.io/theme/css/pygments.css" media="screen">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://chukeer.github.io/theme/tipuesearch/tipuesearch.css" media="screen">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://chukeer.github.io/theme/css/elegant.css" media="screen">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://chukeer.github.io/theme/css/custom.css" media="screen">
</head>
<body>
<div id="content-sans-footer">
<div class="navbar navbar-static-top">
<div class="navbar-inner">
<div class="container-fluid">
<a class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse">
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</a>
<a class="brand" href="https://chukeer.github.io/"><span class=site-name>楚客</span></a>
<div class="nav-collapse collapse">
<ul class="nav pull-right top-menu">
<li ><a href="https://chukeer.github.io">Home</a></li>
<li ><a href="https://chukeer.github.io/categories.html">Categories</a></li>
<li ><a href="https://chukeer.github.io/tags.html">Tags</a></li>
<li ><a href="https://chukeer.github.io/archives.html">Archives</a></li>
<li><form class="navbar-search" action="https://chukeer.github.io/search.html" onsubmit="return validateForm(this.elements['q'].value);"> <input type="text" class="search-query" placeholder="Search" name="q" id="tipue_search_input"></form></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row-fluid">
<div class="span1"></div>
<div class="span10">
<article>
<div class="row-fluid">
<header class="page-header span10 offset2">
<h1><a href="https://chukeer.github.io/python网页解析利器——BeautifulSoup.html"> python网页解析利器——BeautifulSoup </a></h1>
</header>
</div>
<div class="row-fluid">
<div class="span2 table-of-content">
<nav>
<h4>Contents</h4>
<div class="toc">
<ul>
<li><a href="#_1">安装</a></li>
<li><a href="#_2">使用</a><ul>
<li><a href="#_3">初始化</a></li>
<li><a href="#_4">查找节点</a><ul>
<li><a href="#_5">单个节点</a><ul>
<li><a href="#_6">根据节点名</a></li>
<li><a href="#_7">根据属性</a></li>
<li><a href="#_8">根据节点关系</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_9">多个节点</a><ul>
<li><a href="#_10">根据节点名</a></li>
<li><a href="#_11">根据属性查找</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_12">获取文本</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_13">实战</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
<div class="span8 article-content">
<blockquote>
<p>python解析网页，无出BeautifulSoup左右，此是序言</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="_1">安装<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
<p>BeautifulSoup4以后的安装需要用eazy_install，如果不需要最新的功能，安装版本3就够了，千万别以为老版本就怎么怎么不好，想当初也是千万人在用的啊。安装很简单</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>wget "http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/download/3.x/BeautifulSoup-3.2.1.tar.gz"
tar zxvf BeautifulSoup-3.2.1.tar.gz
</pre></div>
<p>然后把里面的BeautifulSoup.py这个文件放到你python安装目录下的site-packages目录下
site-packages是存放Python第三方包的地方，至于这个目录在什么地方呢，每个系统不一样，可以用下面的方式找一下，基本上都能找到</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo find / -name "site-packages" -maxdepth 5 -type d
</pre></div>
<p>当然如果没有root权限就查找当前用户的根目录</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>find ~ -name "site-packages" -maxdepth 5 -type d
</pre></div>
<p>如果你用的是Mac，哈哈，你有福了，我可以直接告诉你，Mac的这个目录在/Library/Python/下，这个下面可能会有多个版本的目录，没关系，放在最新的一个版本下的site-packages就行了。使用之前先import一下</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">BeautifulSoup</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">BeautifulSoup</span>
</pre></div>
<h2 id="_2">使用<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
<p>在使用之前我们先来看一个实例
现在给你这样一个页面</p>
<p><a href="http://movie.douban.com/tag/%E5%96%9C%E5%89%A7">http://movie.douban.com/tag/%E5%96%9C%E5%89%A7</a></p>
<p>它是豆瓣电影分类下的喜剧电影，如果让你找出里面评分最高的100部，该怎么做呢
好了，我先晒一下我做的，鉴于本人在CSS方面处于小白阶段以及天生没有美术细菌，界面做的也就将就能看下，别吐</p>
<p><a href="http://littlewhite.us/douban/xiju/">http://littlewhite.us/douban/xiju/</a></p>
<p>接下来我们开始学习BeautifulSoup的一些基本方法，做出上面那个页面就易如反掌了 鉴于豆瓣那个页面比较复杂，我们先以一个简单样例来举例，假设我们处理如下的网页代码</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">html</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">head</span><span class="p">><</span><span class="nt">title</span><span class="p">></span>Page title<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">title</span><span class="p">></</span><span class="nt">head</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">body</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">p</span> <span class="na">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"firstpara"</span> <span class="na">align</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"center"</span><span class="p">></span>
This is paragraph
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">b</span><span class="p">></span>
one
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">b</span><span class="p">></span>
.
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">p</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">p</span> <span class="na">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"secondpara"</span> <span class="na">align</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"blah"</span><span class="p">></span>
This is paragraph
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">b</span><span class="p">></span>
two
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">b</span><span class="p">></span>
.
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">p</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">body</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">html</span><span class="p">></span>
</pre></div>
<p>你没看错，这就是官方文档里的一个样例，如果你有耐心，看官方文档就足够了，后面的你都不用看</p>
<p><a href="http://www.leeon.me/upload/other/beautifulsoup-documentation-zh.html">http://www.leeon.me/upload/other/beautifulsoup-documentation-zh.html</a></p>
<h3 id="_3">初始化<a class="headerlink" href="#_3" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<p>首先将上面的HTML代码赋给一个变量html如下，为了方便大家复制这里贴的是不带回车的，上面带回车的代码可以让大家看清楚HTML结构</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>html = '<span class="nt"><html><head><title></span>Page title<span class="nt"></title></head><body><p</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"firstpara"</span> <span class="na">align=</span><span class="s">"center"</span><span class="nt">></span>This is paragraph<span class="nt"><b></span>one<span class="nt"></b></span>.<span class="nt"></p><p</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"secondpara"</span> <span class="na">align=</span><span class="s">"blah"</span><span class="nt">></span>This is paragraph<span class="nt"><b></span>two<span class="nt"></b></span>.<span class="nt"></p></body></html></span>'
</pre></div>
<p>初始化如下：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>soup = BeautifulSoup(html)
</pre></div>
<p>我们知道HTML代码可以看成一棵树，这个操作等于是把HTML代码解析成一种树型的数据结构并存储在soup中，注意这个数据结构的根节点不是<html>，而是soup，其中html标签是soup的唯一子节点，不信你试试下面的操作</html></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>print soup
print soup.contents[0]
print soup.contents[1]
</pre></div>
<p>前两个输出结果是一致的，就是整个html文档，第三条输出报错IndexError: list index out of range</p>
<h3 id="_4">查找节点<a class="headerlink" href="#_4" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<p>查找节点有两种反回形式，一种是返回单个节点，一种是返回节点list，对应的查找函数分别为find和findAll</p>
<h4 id="_5">单个节点<a class="headerlink" href="#_5" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h4>
<h5 id="_6">根据节点名<a class="headerlink" href="#_6" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h5>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>## 查找head节点
print soup.find('head') ## 输出为<span class="nt"><head><title></span>Page title<span class="nt"></title></head></span>
## or
## head = soup.head
</pre></div>
<p>这种方式查找到的是待查找节点最近的节点，比如这里待查找节点是soup，这里找到的是离soup最近的一个head（如果有多个的话）</p>
<h5 id="_7">根据属性<a class="headerlink" href="#_7" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h5>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> ## 查找id属性为firstpara的节点
print soup.find(attrs={'id':'firstpara'})
## 输出为<span class="nt"><p</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"firstpara"</span> <span class="na">align=</span><span class="s">"center"</span><span class="nt">></span>This is paragraph<span class="nt"><b></span>one<span class="nt"></b></span>.<span class="nt"></p></span>
## 也可节点名和属性进行组合
print soup.find('p', attrs={'id':'firstpara'}) ## 输出同上
</pre></div>
<h5 id="_8">根据节点关系<a class="headerlink" href="#_8" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h5>
<p>节点关系无非就是兄弟节点，父子节点这样的</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> p1 = soup.find(attrs={'id':'firstpara'}) ## 得到第一个p节点
print p1.nextSibling ## 下一个兄弟节点
## 输出<span class="nt"><p</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"secondpara"</span> <span class="na">align=</span><span class="s">"blah"</span><span class="nt">></span>This is paragraph<span class="nt"><b></span>two<span class="nt"></b></span>.<span class="nt"></p></span>
p2 = soup.find(attrs={'id':'secondpara'}) ## 得到第二个p节点
print p2.previousSibling ## 上一个兄弟节点
## 输出<span class="nt"><p</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"firstpara"</span> <span class="na">align=</span><span class="s">"center"</span><span class="nt">></span>This is paragraph<span class="nt"><b></span>one<span class="nt"></b></span>.<span class="nt"></p></span>
print p2.parent ## 父节点，输出太长这里省略部分 <span class="nt"><body></span>...<span class="nt"></body></span>
print p2.contents[0] ## 第一个子节点，输出u'This is paragraph'
</pre></div>
<p>contents上面已经提到过，它存储的是所有子节点的序列</p>
<h4 id="_9">多个节点<a class="headerlink" href="#_9" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h4>
<p>将上面介绍的find改为findAll即可返回查找到的节点列表，所需参数都是一致的</p>
<h5 id="_10">根据节点名<a class="headerlink" href="#_10" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h5>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>## 查找所有p节点
soup.findAll('p')
</pre></div>
<h5 id="_11">根据属性查找<a class="headerlink" href="#_11" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h5>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>## 查找id=firstpara的所有节点
soup.findAll(attrs={'id':'firstpara'})
</pre></div>
<p>需要注意的是，虽然在这个例子中只找到一个节点，但返回的仍是一个列表对象</p>
<p>上面的这些基本查找功能已经可以应付大多数情况，如果需要各个高级的查找，比如正则式，可以去看官方文档</p>
<h3 id="_12">获取文本<a class="headerlink" href="#_12" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<p>getText方法可以获取节点下的所有文本，其中可以传递一个字符参数，用来分割每个各节点之间的文本</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>## 获取head节点下的文本
soup.head.getText() ## u'Page title'
## or
soup.head.text
## 获取body下的所有文本并以\n分割
soup.body.getText('\n') ## u'This is paragraph\none\n.\nThis is paragraph\ntwo\n.'
</pre></div>
<h2 id="_13">实战<a class="headerlink" href="#_13" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
<p>有了这些功能，文章开头给出的那个Demo就好做了，我们再来回顾下豆瓣的这个页面</p>
<p><a href="http://movie.douban.com/tag/%E5%96%9C%E5%89%A7">http://movie.douban.com/tag/%E5%96%9C%E5%89%A7</a></p>
<p>如果要得到评分前100的所有电影，对这个页面需要提取两个信息：1、翻页链接；2、每部电影的信息（外链，图片，评分、简介、标题等）</p>
<p>当我们提取到所有电影的信息后再按评分进行排序，选出最高的即可，这里贴出翻页提取和电影信息提取的代码</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">## filename: Grab.py</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">BeautifulSoup</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">BeautifulSoup</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Tag</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">urllib2</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">re</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">Log</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">LOG</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">LOG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Grab</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">url</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">''</span>
<span class="n">soup</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">None</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">GetPage</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">url</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">url</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'http://'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">url</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'http://'</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">url</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">url</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">url</span>
<span class="n">LOG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'input url is: </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s1">'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">url</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">req</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">urllib2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Request</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">url</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">headers</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'User-Agent'</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"Magic Browser"</span><span class="p">})</span>
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">page</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">urllib2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">urlopen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">req</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">page</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">ExtractInfo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">soup</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">soup</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">BeautifulSoup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">LOG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'soup failed in ExtractInfo :</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s1">'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">url</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span>
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">items</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">soup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">findAll</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">attrs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'class'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s1">'item'</span><span class="p">})</span>
<span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">LOG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'failed on find items:</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s1">'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">url</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span>
<span class="n">links</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="n">objs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="n">titles</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="n">scores</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="n">comments</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="n">intros</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">item</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">items</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">pic</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">item</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">attrs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'class'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s1">'nbg'</span><span class="p">})</span>
<span class="n">link</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pic</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'href'</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">obj</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pic</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">img</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'src'</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">info</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">item</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">attrs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'class'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s1">'pl2'</span><span class="p">})</span>
<span class="n">title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">re</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sub</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'[ </span><span class="se">\t</span><span class="s1">]+'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">' '</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">info</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getText</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'&amp;nbsp'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">star</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">info</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">attrs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'class'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s1">'star clearfix'</span><span class="p">})</span>
<span class="n">score</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">star</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">attrs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'class'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s1">'rating_nums'</span><span class="p">})</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getText</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'&amp;nbsp'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">comment</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">star</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">attrs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'class'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s1">'pl'</span><span class="p">})</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getText</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'&amp;nbsp'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">intro</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">info</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">attrs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'class'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s1">'pl'</span><span class="p">})</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getText</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'&amp;nbsp'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">Exception</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">LOG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'process error in ExtractInfo: </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s1">'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">url</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">continue</span>
<span class="n">links</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">link</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">objs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">obj</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">titles</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">scores</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">score</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">comments</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">intros</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">intro</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">links</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">objs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">titles</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">scores</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">comments</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">intros</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">ExtractPageTurning</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">links</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">([])</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">soup</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">soup</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">BeautifulSoup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">LOG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'soup failed in ExtractPageTurning:</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s1">'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">url</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span>
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">pageturning</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">soup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">attrs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'class'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s1">'paginator'</span><span class="p">})</span>
<span class="n">a_nodes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pageturning</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">findAll</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">a_node</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">a_nodes</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">href</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">a_node</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'href'</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">href</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'http://'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">href</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">url</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'?'</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">href</span>
<span class="n">links</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">href</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">LOG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'get pageturning failed in ExtractPageTurning:</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s1">'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">url</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">links</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">Destroy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">del</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">soup</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">soup</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">None</span>
</pre></div>
<p>接着我们再来写个测试样例</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">## filename: test.py</span>
<span class="c1">#encoding: utf-8</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">Grab</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Grab</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span>
<span class="nb">reload</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setdefaultencoding</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'utf-8'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">grab</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Grab</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">buf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">grab</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GetPage</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'http://movie.douban.com/tag/喜剧?start=160&amp;type=T'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="s1">'GetPage failed!'</span>
<span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">links</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">objs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">titles</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">scores</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">comments</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">intros</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">grab</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ExtractInfo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">link</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">obj</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">title</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">score</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">intro</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">zip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">links</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">objs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">titles</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">scores</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">comments</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">intros</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">link</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\t</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">obj</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\t</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\t</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">score</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\t</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">comment</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\t</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">intro</span>
<span class="n">pageturning</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">grab</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ExtractPageTurning</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">link</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">pageturning</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">link</span>
<span class="n">grab</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Destroy</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
<p>OK，完成这一步接下来的事儿就自个看着办吧 </p>
<p>本文只是介绍了BeautifulSoup的皮毛而已，目的是为了让大家快速学会一些基本要领，想当初我要用什么功能都是去BeautifulSoup的源代码里一个函数一个函数看然后才会的，一把辛酸泪啊，所以希望后来者能够通过更便捷的方式去掌握一些基本功能，也不枉我一字一句敲出这篇文章，尤其是这些代码的排版，真是伤透了脑筋</p>
<p>The end.</p>
<hr/>
<aside>
<nav>
<ul class="articles-timeline">
<li class="next-article"><a href="https://chukeer.github.io/wordpress自定义页面显示所有文章列表.html" title="Next: wordpress自定义页面显示所有文章列表">wordpress自定义页面显示所有文章列表</a> »</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</aside>
</div>
<section>
<div class="span2" style="float:right;font-size:0.9em;">
<table class="table">
<!-- <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-03-21T00:00:00+08:00"> 3 21, 2014</time> -->
<tr>
<td>Published</td>
<td><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-03-21T00:00:00+08:00">2014- 3-21</time></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Category</td>
<td><a class="category-link" href="https://chukeer.github.io/categories.html#language-ref">Language</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Tags</td>
<td>
<ul class="list-of-tags tags-in-article">
<li><a href="https://chukeer.github.io/tags.html#beautifulsoup-ref">beautifulsoup
<span>1</span>
</a></li>
<li><a href="https://chukeer.github.io/tags.html#python-ref">python
<span>6</span>
</a></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div class="span1"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="push"></div>
</div>
<footer>
<div id="footer">
<ul class="footer-content">
<li class="elegant-power">Powered by <a href="http://getpelican.com/" title="Pelican Home Page">Pelican</a>. Theme: <a href="http://oncrashreboot.com/pelican-elegant" title="Theme Elegant Home Page">Elegant</a> by <a href="http://oncrashreboot.com" title="Talha Mansoor Home Page">Talha Mansoor</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</footer> <!--
<script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="//netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/twitter-bootstrap/2.3.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
-->
<script src="https://chukeer.github.io/theme/js/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://chukeer.github.io/theme/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script>
function validateForm(query)
{
return (query.length > 0);
}
</script>
<script>
$("div.article-content table").addClass("table table-hover");
</script>
</body>
<!-- Theme: Elegant built for Pelican
License : http://oncrashreboot.com/pelican-elegant -->
</html>