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linux shell发送邮件.html
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<meta property="og:description" content="一封最简单的邮件¶ echo -e "To: [email protected]\nCC: [email protected]\nFrom: handy<[email protected]>\nSubject: test\n\nhello world" | sendmail -t 看上去有点复杂，其实就是sendmail程序从标准输入读取邮件源码，-t参数表示从邮件源码提取收件人信息，然后发送到收件人的邮件服务器，我们稍做整理，将邮件源码保存在email.txt中如下 To: [email protected] CC: [email protected] From: handy<[email protected]> Subject: test hello world 将以上命令改为cat email ..." />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="一封最简单的邮件¶ echo -e "To: [email protected]\nCC: [email protected]\nFrom: handy<[email protected]>\nSubject: test\n\nhello world" | sendmail -t 看上去有点复杂，其实就是sendmail程序从标准输入读取邮件源码，-t参数表示从邮件源码提取收件人信息，然后发送到收件人的邮件服务器，我们稍做整理，将邮件源码保存在email.txt中如下 To: [email protected] CC: [email protected] From: handy<[email protected]> Subject: test hello world 将以上命令改为cat email ...">
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<h1><a href="https://chukeer.github.io/linux shell发送邮件.html"> linux shell发送邮件 </a></h1>
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<li><a href="#_1">一封最简单的邮件</a></li>
<li><a href="#_2">邮件的格式</a></li>
<li><a href="#_3">邮件标题使用中文</a></li>
<li><a href="#html">邮件内容使用html</a></li>
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<h2 id="_1">一封最简单的邮件<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>echo -e "To: [email protected]\nCC: [email protected]\nFrom: handy<[email protected]>\nSubject: test\n\nhello world" | sendmail -t
</pre></div>
<p>看上去有点复杂，其实就是sendmail程序从标准输入读取邮件源码，-t参数表示从邮件源码提取收件人信息，然后发送到收件人的邮件服务器，我们稍做整理，将邮件源码保存在email.txt中如下</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">To</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">handy1989</span><span class="err">@</span><span class="n">qq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">com</span>
<span class="n">CC</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">handy1989</span><span class="err">@</span><span class="n">qq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">com</span>
<span class="n">From</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">handy</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">handy</span><span class="err">@</span><span class="n">test</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">com</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="n">Subject</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">test</span>
<span class="n">hello</span> <span class="n">world</span>
</pre></div>
<p>将以上命令改为<code>cat email.txt | sendmail -t</code>，这样就一目了然了。收到的邮件信息如下</p>
<p><img alt="" src="http://littlewhite.us/pic/mail-helloworld.png"/></p>
<h2 id="_2">邮件的格式<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
<p>从前面的邮件源码可以看到，邮件是和http类似的文本协议，由邮件头和邮件内容两部分组成，中间以空行分隔，邮件头每行对应一个字段，和http头类似，比如这里的To，CC，From，Subject，分别代表收件人，抄送人，发件人，标题，如果有多个收件人或抄送人，用逗号分隔，邮件内容才是我们在邮件客户端真正看到的东西</p>
<p>邮件客户端都可以查看邮件源码，比如下面就是我收到的一封邮件的源码
<img alt="" src="http://littlewhite.us/pic/mail-qq.png"/></p>
<h2 id="_3">邮件标题使用中文<a class="headerlink" href="#_3" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
<p>如果邮件标题直接使用中文字符会导致收到的邮件乱码，为了避免这种情况，应该对中文进行base64编码，而这也是邮件最常用的编码方式，当然，在进行base64编码之前先得对中文字符进行编码（UTF-8或GBK等等），这和html的编码是一样的概念，采用UTF-8和base64编码的格式如下</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>=?UTF-8?B?xxxxxx?=
</pre></div>
<p>其中<code>xxxxxx</code>为编码后的数据，用python可以快速对中文进行编码，比如对中文'测试'先进行utf-8编码再进行base64编码结果为</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>>></span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">base64</span>
<span class="o">>>></span> <span class="n">base64</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">standard_b64encode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">u'测试'</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">encode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'utf-8'</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="s1">'5rWL6K+V'</span>
</pre></div>
<p>在From和Subject中使用中文，邮件源码如下</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">To</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">handy1989</span><span class="err">@</span><span class="n">qq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">com</span>
<span class="n">CC</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">handy1989</span><span class="err">@</span><span class="n">qq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">com</span>
<span class="n">From</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="o">=?</span><span class="n">UTF</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="n">rWL6K</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">V</span><span class="o">?=<</span><span class="n">handy</span><span class="err">@</span><span class="n">test</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">com</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="n">Subject</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="o">=?</span><span class="n">UTF</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="n">rWL6K</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">V</span><span class="o">?=</span>
<span class="n">hello</span> <span class="n">world</span>
</pre></div>
<p>这里将发件人的名字和邮件标题都改为了'测试'，收到的邮件效果为</p>
<p><img alt="" src="http://littlewhite.us/pic/mail-chinese-title.png"/></p>
<h2 id="html">邮件内容使用html<a class="headerlink" href="#html" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
<p>如果邮件内容是html代码，则需要在邮件头添加Content-type字段来标记文本类型，同时还需要标记邮件内容的字符编码，以下邮件源码发送的正是html内容</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>To: [email protected]
From: =?UTF-8?B?5rWL6K+V?=<span class="nt"><handy</span><span class="err">@test.com</span><span class="nt">></span>
Subject: =?UTF-8?B?5rWL6K+V?=
Content-type: text/html;charset=utf-8
<span class="nt"><h1></span>hello world<span class="nt"></h1></span>
</pre></div>
<p>收到的邮件效果为</p>
<p><img alt="" src="http://littlewhite.us/pic/mail-html.png"/></p>
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