notebooks/5.4-5.6 custom-layer, file IO, gpu.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# [5.4 Custom Layers](https://d2l.ai/chapter_deep-learning-computation/custom-layer.html)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 5.4.1. Layers without Parameters"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import torch\n",
    "from torch import nn\n",
    "from torch.nn import functional as F\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "class CenteredLayer(nn.Module):\n",
    "    def __init__(self):\n",
    "        super().__init__()\n",
    "\n",
    "    def forward(self, X):\n",
    "        return X - X.mean()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([-2., -1.,  0.,  1.,  2.])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "layer = CenteredLayer()\n",
    "layer(torch.FloatTensor([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- incorporate the custom layer as a component in constructing more complex models."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor(9.3132e-10, grad_fn=<MeanBackward0>)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "net = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(8, 128), CenteredLayer())\n",
    "Y = net(torch.rand(4, 8))\n",
    "Y.mean()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 5.4.2. Layers with Parameters\n",
    "\n",
    "- Example: <br>\n",
    "    Defining layers with parameters (using `nn.Parameters`) that can be adjusted through training. <br>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class MyLinear(nn.Module):\n",
    "    def __init__(self, in_units, units):\n",
    "        super().__init__()\n",
    "        self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(in_units, units))\n",
    "        self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(units,))\n",
    "    def forward(self, X):\n",
    "        linear = torch.matmul(X, self.weight.data) + self.bias.data\n",
    "        return F.relu(linear)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Parameter containing:\n",
       "tensor([[-0.5393, -1.6564, -0.8818],\n",
       "        [ 0.2467, -0.7072,  2.3788],\n",
       "        [ 0.7966,  0.2813, -1.2649],\n",
       "        [ 0.9228, -1.1576, -1.4217],\n",
       "        [-0.0594, -0.0077,  1.5023]], requires_grad=True)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "linear = MyLinear(5, 3)\n",
    "linear.weight"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- Can also construct models using custom layers with `nn.Sequential`."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[0.4398],\n",
       "        [0.0000]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "net = nn.Sequential(MyLinear(64, 8), MyLinear(8, 1))\n",
    "net(torch.rand(2, 64))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# [5.5 File I/O](https://d2l.ai/chapter_deep-learning-computation/read-write.html)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 5.5.1. Loading and Saving Tensors"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import torch\n",
    "from torch import nn\n",
    "from torch.nn import functional as F\n",
    "\n",
    "x = torch.arange(4)\n",
    "torch.save(x, 'x-file')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([0, 1, 2, 3])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x2 = torch.load('x-file')\n",
    "x2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- Store a **list**/**dictionary** of tensors and read them back into memory"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(tensor([0, 1, 2, 3]), tensor([0., 0., 0., 0.]))"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "y = torch.zeros(4)\n",
    "torch.save([x, y],'x-files')\n",
    "x2, y2 = torch.load('x-files')\n",
    "(x2, y2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'x': tensor([0, 1, 2, 3]), 'y': tensor([0., 0., 0., 0.])}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mydict = {'x': x, 'y': y}\n",
    "torch.save(mydict, 'mydict')\n",
    "mydict2 = torch.load('mydict')\n",
    "mydict2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 5.5.2 Loading and Saving Model Parameters"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class MLP(nn.Module):\n",
    "    def __init__(self):\n",
    "        super().__init__()\n",
    "        self.hidden = nn.Linear(20, 256)\n",
    "        self.output = nn.Linear(256, 10)\n",
    "\n",
    "    def forward(self, x):\n",
    "        return self.output(F.relu(self.hidden(x)))\n",
    "\n",
    "net = MLP()\n",
    "X = torch.randn(size=(2, 20))\n",
    "Y = net(X)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Save all network parameters \n",
    "torch.save(net.state_dict(), 'mlp.params')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<All keys matched successfully>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# To reinstate a model, we need to generate the architecture in code and then load the parameters from disk.\n",
    "clone = MLP()\n",
    "clone.load_state_dict(torch.load('mlp.params'))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True],\n",
       "        [True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# double check if Y_clone == Y\n",
    "clone.eval()\n",
    "Y_clone = clone(X)\n",
    "Y_clone == Y"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# [5.6 GPUs](https://d2l.ai/chapter_deep-learning-computation/use-gpu.html)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Wed Feb 16 14:43:07 2022       \n",
      "+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n",
      "| NVIDIA-SMI 470.103.01   Driver Version: 470.103.01   CUDA Version: 11.4     |\n",
      "|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+\n",
      "| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |\n",
      "| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |\n",
      "|                               |                      |               MIG M. |\n",
      "|===============================+======================+======================|\n",
      "|   0  NVIDIA GeForce ...  Off  | 00000000:17:00.0 Off |                  N/A |\n",
      "|  0%   28C    P8     7W / 250W |      6MiB / 11178MiB |      0%      Default |\n",
      "|                               |                      |                  N/A |\n",
      "+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+\n",
      "|   1  NVIDIA GeForce ...  Off  | 00000000:65:00.0 Off |                  N/A |\n",
      "| 19%   30C    P0    51W / 270W |     14MiB /  4041MiB |      0%      Default |\n",
      "|                               |                      |                  N/A |\n",
      "+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+\n",
      "                                                                               \n",
      "+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n",
      "| Processes:                                                                  |\n",
      "|  GPU   GI   CI        PID   Type   Process name                  GPU Memory |\n",
      "|        ID   ID                                                   Usage      |\n",
      "|=============================================================================|\n",
      "|    0   N/A  N/A      1061      G   /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg                  4MiB |\n",
      "|    1   N/A  N/A      1061      G   /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg                  8MiB |\n",
      "|    1   N/A  N/A      1280      G   /usr/bin/gnome-shell                2MiB |\n",
      "+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# To check the GPU status for NVIDIA GPU\n",
    "!nvidia-smi"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 5.6.1 Computing Devices"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(device(type='cpu'), device(type='cuda'), device(type='cuda', index=1))"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import torch\n",
    "from torch import nn\n",
    "\n",
    "torch.device('cpu'), torch.device('cuda'), torch.device('cuda:1')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# count number of available GPUs\n",
    "torch.cuda.device_count()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(device(type='cuda', index=0),\n",
       " device(type='cpu'),\n",
       " [device(type='cuda', index=0), device(type='cuda', index=1)])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Two convenient functions that allow us to run code even if the requested GPUs do not exist.\n",
    "def try_gpu(i=0):  #@save\n",
    "    \"\"\"Return gpu(i) if exists, otherwise return cpu().\"\"\"\n",
    "    if torch.cuda.device_count() >= i + 1:\n",
    "        return torch.device(f'cuda:{i}')\n",
    "    return torch.device('cpu')\n",
    "\n",
    "def try_all_gpus():  #@save\n",
    "    \"\"\"Return all available GPUs, or [cpu(),] if no GPU exists.\"\"\"\n",
    "    devices = [torch.device(f'cuda:{i}')\n",
    "             for i in range(torch.cuda.device_count())]\n",
    "    return devices if devices else [torch.device('cpu')]\n",
    "\n",
    "try_gpu(), try_gpu(10), try_all_gpus()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 5.6.2 Tensors and GPUs\n",
    "\n",
    "- By default, tensors are created on the CPU.\n",
    "- Use `x.device` to check which device the tensor `x` is located."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "device(type='cpu')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = torch.tensor([1, 2, 3])\n",
    "x.device"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[1., 1., 1.],\n",
       "        [1., 1., 1.]], device='cuda:0')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Create the tensor variable X on the first (default) gpu if there's gpu available, otherwise use cpu.\n",
    "X = torch.ones(2, 3, device=try_gpu())\n",
    "X"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[0.9483, 0.5204, 0.3870],\n",
       "        [0.8688, 0.7891, 0.5400]], device='cuda:1')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Assuming that you have at least two GPUs, the following code will create a random tensor on the second GPU.\n",
    "Y = torch.rand(2, 3, device=try_gpu(1))\n",
    "Y"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Copy tensor to other device\n",
    "\n",
    "- Note: Transferring data between devices (CPU, GPUs, and other machines) is something that is much slower than computation.\n",
    "- When we print tensors or convert tensors to the NumPy format, if the data is not in the main memory, the framework will copy it to the main memory first, resulting in additional transmission overhead."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "tensor([[1., 1., 1.],\n",
      "        [1., 1., 1.]], device='cuda:0')\n",
      "tensor([[1., 1., 1.],\n",
      "        [1., 1., 1.]], device='cuda:1')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Z = X.cuda(1)\n",
    "print(X)\n",
    "print(Z)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[1.9483, 1.5204, 1.3870],\n",
       "        [1.8688, 1.7891, 1.5400]], device='cuda:1')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Y + Z"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- Tensors located on different device can't have interaction."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "RuntimeError",
     "evalue": "Expected all tensors to be on the same device, but found at least two devices, cuda:1 and cuda:0!",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mRuntimeError\u001b[0m                              Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-24-c285f34ed610>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mY\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m+\u001b[0m \u001b[0mX\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mRuntimeError\u001b[0m: Expected all tensors to be on the same device, but found at least two devices, cuda:1 and cuda:0!"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Y + X"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 5.6.3 Neural Networks and GPUs\n",
    "\n",
    "- Networks and Tensors need to be on the same device to interact with each other."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "net = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(3, 1))\n",
    "net = net.to(device=try_gpu())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[0.7276],\n",
       "        [0.7276]], device='cuda:0', grad_fn=<AddmmBackward>)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "net(X)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "device(type='cuda', index=0)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# model parameters are stored on the same GPU.\n",
    "net[0].weight.data.device"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "device(type='cpu')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Xc = torch.tensor([1, 2, 3])\n",
    "Xc.device"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "RuntimeError",
     "evalue": "Expected all tensors to be on the same device, but found at least two devices, cpu and cuda:0! (when checking arugment for argument mat2 in method wrapper_mm)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mRuntimeError\u001b[0m                              Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-29-d1bfbba0e1ab>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mnet\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mXc\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;32m/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_call_impl\u001b[0;34m(self, *input, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1049\u001b[0m         if not (self._backward_hooks or self._forward_hooks or self._forward_pre_hooks or _global_backward_hooks\n\u001b[1;32m   1050\u001b[0m                 or _global_forward_hooks or _global_forward_pre_hooks):\n\u001b[0;32m-> 1051\u001b[0;31m             \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mforward_call\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0minput\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m   1052\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;31m# Do not call functions when jit is used\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1053\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mfull_backward_hooks\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mnon_full_backward_hooks\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/torch/nn/modules/container.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mforward\u001b[0;34m(self, input)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    137\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mforward\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0minput\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    138\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mfor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmodule\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 139\u001b[0;31m             \u001b[0minput\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmodule\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0minput\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    140\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0minput\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    141\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_call_impl\u001b[0;34m(self, *input, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1049\u001b[0m         if not (self._backward_hooks or self._forward_hooks or self._forward_pre_hooks or _global_backward_hooks\n\u001b[1;32m   1050\u001b[0m                 or _global_forward_hooks or _global_forward_pre_hooks):\n\u001b[0;32m-> 1051\u001b[0;31m             \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mforward_call\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0minput\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m   1052\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;31m# Do not call functions when jit is used\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1053\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mfull_backward_hooks\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mnon_full_backward_hooks\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/torch/nn/modules/linear.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mforward\u001b[0;34m(self, input)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     94\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     95\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mforward\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0minput\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m \u001b[0mTensor\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m->\u001b[0m \u001b[0mTensor\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m---> 96\u001b[0;31m         \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mF\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mlinear\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0minput\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mweight\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mbias\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m     97\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     98\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mextra_repr\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m->\u001b[0m \u001b[0mstr\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/torch/nn/functional.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mlinear\u001b[0;34m(input, weight, bias)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1845\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mhas_torch_function_variadic\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0minput\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mweight\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1846\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mhandle_torch_function\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mlinear\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0minput\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mweight\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0minput\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mweight\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mbias\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mbias\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m-> 1847\u001b[0;31m     \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtorch\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_C\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_nn\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mlinear\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0minput\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mweight\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mbias\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m   1848\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1849\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mRuntimeError\u001b[0m: Expected all tensors to be on the same device, but found at least two devices, cpu and cuda:0! (when checking arugment for argument mat2 in method wrapper_mm)"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "net(Xc)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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