diff --git a/browsers/index.html b/browsers/index.html index c6964b3..e49f993 100644 --- a/browsers/index.html +++ b/browsers/index.html @@ -2485,7 +2485,6 @@

Interactivity with JavaScript @@ -2588,136 +2587,6 @@

-
-

- Web Fundamentals
- Web Browsers -

- -
- -
-

- Engines process the macrotask queue -

- -
- -
-
- [Example of the Macrotask queue.] -
- ©2023 Ilya Kantor -
-
-
-

Example of the Macrotask queue.

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-
- -
-
- [Stack, Heap, and Queue.] -
- ©2023 MDN -
-
-
-

Stack, Heap, and Queue.

-
-
- -
-

- Microtasks run before macrotasks -

- -
- -
-

- Task scheduling impacts performance -

- -
- -
-
- [Example of the Macrotask and Microtask queues.] -
- ©2023 Ilya Kantor -
-
-
-

Example of the Macrotask and Microtask queues.

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-
-

Web Fundamentals
@@ -2728,7 +2597,6 @@

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file mode 100644 index 0000000..146e5d4 Binary files /dev/null and b/scripting/images/webpack.png differ diff --git a/scripting/images/wtfjs.webp b/scripting/images/wtfjs.webp new file mode 100644 index 0000000..259f9c8 Binary files /dev/null and b/scripting/images/wtfjs.webp differ diff --git a/scripting/images/yarn-logo.svg b/scripting/images/yarn-logo.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9a742aa --- /dev/null +++ b/scripting/images/yarn-logo.svg @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + + + + + + + diff --git a/scripting/index.html b/scripting/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4a2a7a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripting/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,2961 @@ + + + + Web Scripting + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+

+ Web Fundamentals
+ Web Scripting +

+

+ Ruben Taelman, + Ghent Universityimec +

+ +
+ +
+

+ Web Fundamentals
+ Web Scripting +

+

Ruben Taelman

+

+ Ghent University + imec + IDLab +

+

+ Creative Commons License + Except where otherwise noted, the content of these slides is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. +

+
+ +
+

+ JavaScript, the programming language +

+ [Logo of JavaScript.] +
+
    + + + +
+
+
+ +
+

+ JavaScript has good and bad parts +

+
+

+ In JavaScript, there is a beautiful, elegant, highly expressive language that is buried under a steaming pile of good intentions and blunders. +

+ Douglas Crockford (2008). “JavaScript: The Good Parts: The Good Parts”, p.2, "O'Reilly Media, Inc." +
+
+ +
+

+ Effectively using JavaScript +

+
    + + + +
+
+ + + + + + + +
+

+ Objects represent things +

+
    + + + +
+
+ +
+

+ Objects have properties and internal slots +

+
    + + +
+
+ +
+

+ Property descriptors encode attributes of properties +

+
    + + +
+
+ +
+

+ Data descriptors encode attributes of value-based properties +

+
    + + +
+
Object.defineProperty(dog, "name", { value: "Laika" });
+
+ +
+

+ Accessor descriptors encode attributes of getter-setter-based properties +

+
    + + +
+
Object.defineProperty(dog, "name", { get: () => "Laika" });
+
+ +
+

+ Common attributes for data and accessor descriptors +

+
    + + +
+
+ +
+

+ Property descriptors allow fine-grained control +

+
    + +
+
+ + + +
+

+ Prototype-based inheritance +

+
    + + +
+
+ +
+
+ [Property access propagates through property chain.] +
+
+

Prototype chain represent inheritance hierarchy

+
+
+ +
+

+ Creating prototypes manually +

+
    + +
+
+ +
+

+ Defining prototype chain manually +

+
    + + +
+
+ +
+

+ Instantiating a prototype +

+
    + + +
+
+ +
+

+ Avoid defining prototypes manually! +

+
    + + +
+
+ + + +
+

+ Type Coercion implicitly converts values to the expected type +

+
    + + +
+
+ +
+
+ [Non-strict equality operator is not transitive.] +
+ ©2022 https://github.com/denysdovhan/wtfjs +
+
+
+

Non-strict equality operator is not transitive.

+
+
+ +
+
+ [Plus operator also experiences strange behaviour.] +
+ ©2019 Mainasara Al-amin Tsowa +
+
+
+

Plus operator also experiences strange behaviour.

+
+
+ +
+

+ Internal ToPrimitive() function is used for many coercion algorithms +

+
    + + + + +
+
+ +
+

+ ToPrimitive() uses a fall-through approach +

+
    + +
+
+ +
+

+ Example: Applying + +

+
    + +
+
+ +
+

+ Example: Applying + +

+
    + +
+
+ +
+

+ Example: Applying + +

+
    + +
+
+ +
+

+ Example: Applying + +

+
    + +
+
+ +
+

+ Avoid Type Coercion when possible +

+
    + + + +
+
+ + + +
+

+ Event-based runtime model +

+
    + + +
+
+ +
+

+ Callback functions for (a)synchronous completion +

+
    + + +
+
+ +
+

+ Engines process the macrotask queue +

+
    + + +
+
+ +
+
+ [Example of the Macrotask queue.] +
+ ©2023 Ilya Kantor +
+
+
+

Example of the Macrotask queue.

+
+
+ +
+
+ [Stack, Heap, and Queue.] +
+ ©2023 MDN +
+
+
+

Stack, Heap, and Queue.

+
+
+ + + +
+

+ Promises hold results of async operations +

+
    + +
+
+ +
+

+ async/await: syntactic sugar for promises +

+
    + + +
+
+ +
+

+ Promises always handled asynchronously +

+
    + + +
+
+ +
+

+ Microtasks run before macrotasks +

+
    + + +
+
+ +
+

+ Task scheduling impacts performance +

+
    + + + +
+
+ +
+
+ [Example of the Macrotask and Microtask queues.] +
+ ©2023 Ilya Kantor +
+
+
+

Example of the Macrotask and Microtask queues.

+
+
+ + + +
+

+ Iterables and iterators +

+
    + + +
+
+ +
+

+ Generators provide syntactic sugar to create iterators +

+
    + + +
+
+ +
+

+ Async iterators are iterators returning promises +

+
    + + +
+
+ +
+

+ Async generators provide syntactic sugar to create async iterators +

+
    + + +
+
+ + + +
+

+ Metaprogramming: writing a program that can process itself +

+ [Ouroboros] +
    +
+ + +
+ +
+

+ Proxies can intercept and modify object operations +

+
    + + +
+
+ + + +
+

+ Building blocks for parallelism +

+
    + + + + +
+
+ +
+

+ Typed Arrays: Low-level binary arrays +

+
    + + + +
+
+ +
+

+ Typed Arrays require specific memory allocation +

+
    + + +
+
+ + + + + +
+ [Logo of Node.js.] +

+ Run JavaScript Everywhere +

+
+
    + + +
+
+
+ +
+

+ The Node.js principles +

+
+
    + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+

+ Node.js is based on the V8 engine +

+
+
    + + + +
+
+
+ +
+

+ Reactor pattern for handling I/O +

+
+
    + +
+
+
+ +
+
+ [Asynchronous I/O using the reactor pattern in Node.js.] +
+ ©2020 Node.js Design Patterns +
+
+
+

Asynchronous I/O using the reactor pattern in Node.js.

+
+
+ +
+

+ Node.js implements the event loop as multiple sequential phases +

+
+
    + + +
+
+
+ +
+

+ Node.js is the most popular environment, but alternatives exist +

+
+
    + + +
+
+
+ + + +
+

+ Splitting up code into modules +

+
+
    + + + +
+
+
+ +
+

+ Node.js supports two types of modules +

+
+
    + + +
+
+
+ +
+

+ CommonJS: Node.js's original modules +

+
+
    + + +
+
+
+ +
+

+ Module resolution in CommonJS +

+
+ const imported = require(mod);

+
    + + + +
+
+
+ +
+

+ Examples of module resolution in CommonJS +

+
+
require('url')
+
Node.js URL core module
+
require('./file')
+
./file.js
+
require('pad')
+
./node_modules/pad/index.js
+
+
+ +
+

+ ECMAScript modules: Native JavaScript modules +

+
+
    + + +
+
+
+ +
+

+ Differences between CJS and ESM +

+
+
    + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+

+ CJS and ESM in practise +

+
+
    + + +
+
+
+ +
+
+ [CJS is still more popular on npm, but declining.] +
+ ©2024 https://github.com/wooorm/ +
+
+
+

CJS is still more popular on npm, but declining.

+
+
+ + + +
+

+ A package managers helps managing collections of JavaScript modules +

+
+
    + + +
+
+
+ +
+ [Logo of npm.] +

+ A package manager for Node.js +

+
+
    + + +
+
+
+ +
+

+ Node.js was created before npm +

+
+
    + + +
+
+
+ +
+

+ npm is the most popular package managers, but alternatives exist +

+
+
    + + + +
+
+
+ +
+

+ npm packages follow Semantic Versioning (SemVer) +

+
+
    + + + +
+
+
+ +
+

+ SemVer is useful for man and machine +

+
+
    + + +
+
+
+ +
+

+ Dependencies can be defined using SemVer ranges +

+
+
    + + +
+
+
+ +
+

+ Installing dependencies with a package manager +

+
+
    + + +
+
+
+ +
+

+ A naive dependency resolution algorithm: nested node_modules/ +

+
+
    + + +
+
+
+ +
+
+ [Node modules are the heaviest objects in the universe.] +
+
+

Nested dependency resolution leads to heavy disk usage, which was still used in npm version 2

+
+
+ +
+

+ Dependency resolution with deduping +

+
+
    + + +
+
+
+ +
+

+ Dependencies that are incompatible with the SemVer range are not hoisted +

+
+
    + +
+
+
+ +
+

+ The order in which dependencies are installed determines matters +

+
+
    + + + +
+
+
+ + + +
+

+ From callbacks to EventEmitters +

+
+
    + + +
+
+
+ +
+
+ [EventEmitter enables observation on multiple events.] +
+ ©2020 Node.js Design Patterns +
+
+
+

EventEmitter enables observation on multiple events.

+
+
+ +
+

+ Conventions for asynchronous error handling in Node.js +

+

Errors can not be handled in callbacks and EventEmitters using try-catch.

+
+
    + + +
+
+
+ +
+

+ Streams are EventEmitters for processing asynchronous data streams +

+
+
    + + +
+
+
+ +
+

+ Reading files using streams +

+
    + +
+
+ +
+

+ Node.js Streams preceded the Web Streams API (for browsers) +

+
    + + + +
+
+ +
+

+ Concepts in Node.js and Web Streams +

+
    + + + +
+
+ + + +
+

+ JS engines use just-in-time (JIT) compilation +

+
    + + +
+
+ +
+

+ V8 has multiple types of compilers +

+
    + + +
+
+ +
+

+ Optimizing compilers learn shape and structure of running code +

+
    + + +
+
+ +
+

+ Optimizers are speculative +

+
    + + +
+
+ + + +
+

+ Development in JavaScript differs from other languages +

+
    + + + +
+
+ +
+

+ Most JavaScript projects incorporate multiple development processes +

+
    + + +
+
+ + + +
+

+ Linters analyze code to find and fix potential problems +

+
    + + + +
+
+ +
+ [Logo of ESLint.] +

+ Examples of rules for ESLint +

+
    + + + +
+
+ +
+

+ Categories of linter rules +

+
    + + +
+
+ +
+
+ [Linters report on problems per file.] +
+
+

Linters report on problems per file.

+
+
+ + + +
+

+ Increasing confidence in code through automated testing +

+
    + + +
+
+ +
+

+ Measuring tested domain as code coverage +

+
    + + + +
+
+ +
+ [Logo of Jest.] +

+ Jest is a popular testing framework for JavaScript +

+
    + + +
+
+ +
+
+ [Coverage reports show details of missed lines and branches.] +
+
+

Coverage reports show details of missed lines and branches.

+
+
+ + + +
+

+ Transpilers make code compatible with different JavaScript versions +

+
    + + +
+
+ +
+ [Logo of Babel.] +

+ Babel makes modern JavaScript backwards-compatible +

+
    + + + +
+
+ +
+ [Logo of TypeScript.] +

+ TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript with type definitions +

+
    + + + +
+
+ +
+

+ tsc is the TypeScript compiler +

+
    + + + +
+
+ + + +
+

+ Towards cross-platform JavaScript +

+
    + + + +
+
+ +
+

+ Bundlers enable cross-platform JavaScript +

+
    + + + +
+
+ +
+
+ [Webpack is a bundler that bundles JavaScript and other assets.] +
+
+

Webpack is a bundler that bundles JavaScript and other assets.

+
+
+ +
+

+ Bundlers work in two steps +

+
    + + +
+
+ +
+

+ Making smaller bundles for production +

+
    + + + +
+
+ +
+
+ [Minified code is difficult to read without source maps.] +
+
+

Minified code is difficult to read without source maps.

+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +