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Compiler Construction 1 Project / Projekat Iz Programskih Prevodioca 1

This project implements a compiler for the imaginary Microjava programming language, designed to translate valid Mikrojava programs into bytecode executable on the Mikrojava Virtual Machine (MJVM). The compiler includes four primary phases:

  • lexical analysis
  • syntax analysis
  • semantic analysis
  • code generation.

It is a project on the course Compiler Construction 1 ("Programski Prevodioci 1") on University of Belgrade, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Module for Computer Engineering and Informatics

Project Description

The goal is to build a working compiler for Mikrojava, which supports the following functionalities:

  1. Lexical Analysis:

    • Processes source code to identify tokens such as identifiers, constants, keywords, operators, and comments.
    • Implemented using the JFlex with .flex specifications.
    • Detects and reports lexical errors with line and column numbers.

  2. Syntax Analysis:

    • Verifies if the sequence of tokens forms grammatically correct statements.
    • Builds an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) for valid programs using the AST-CUP tool.
    • Includes error recovery for certain syntactic issues, allowing continued parsing.

  3. Semantic Analysis:

    • Checks the program for contextual errors like type mismatches, undeclared variables, and improper symbol usage.
    • Updates the Symbol Table during analysis.
    • Ensures all semantic rules of Mikrojava are satisfied.

  4. Code Generation:

    • Translates syntax and semantically valid programs into bytecode for the MJVM.
    • Produces .obj files that can be executed in the virtual environment.

Key Features

1. Lexical Analysis

  • Detects and processes:
    • Identifiers, numeric and character constants.
    • Keywords (e.g., if, else, while, return).
    • Operators (+, -, *, /, =, etc.).
    • Single-line and multi-line comments.
  • Ignores whitespace and formats (e.g., spaces, tabs).
  • Reports errors for unrecognized symbols or incomplete constructs.

2. Syntax Analysis

  • Implements an LALR(1) grammar for Mikrojava.
  • Supports error recovery for common mistakes, such as:
    • Missing semicolons in variable declarations.
    • Incorrect assignment statements.
  • Builds and prints the Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) for valid programs.

3. Semantic Analysis

  • Updates the Symbol Table during parsing:
    • Tracks global and local variables, constants, arrays, and functions.
    • Checks for proper declaration and usage of all symbols.
  • Validates context-sensitive rules, including:
    • Type consistency in expressions and assignments.
    • Correct parameter passing in function calls.

4. Code Generation

  • Generates bytecode compatible with MJVM for:
    • Basic arithmetic and logical operations.
    • Array handling (declaration and indexing).
    • Conditional and loop constructs (if, while, for).
    • Input/output operations (read, print).
  • Outputs an .obj file, which serves as the executable for MJVM.