35 Using Dplyr.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Using Dplyr\n",
    "\n",
    "We'll be covering the following functions\n",
    "\n",
    "- __filter()__\n",
    "- __slice()__\n",
    "- __arrange()__\n",
    "- __select()__\n",
    "- __rename()__\n",
    "- __distinct()__\n",
    "- __mutate()__\n",
    "- __transmute__\n",
    "- __summarise()__\n",
    "- __sample_n()__\n",
    "- __sample_fract()__\n",
    "\n",
    "## Installing dplyr\n",
    "You can install __dplyr__ by using:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#install.packages('dplyr')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Run it by using\n",
    "#library(dplyr)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example Data\n",
    "Let's use some flights data for our examples. We'll download the nycflights13 data package:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#install.packages('nycflights13')\n",
    "# Run it by using\n",
    "#library(nycflights13)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "      year          month             day           dep_time    sched_dep_time\n",
       " Min.   :2013   Min.   : 1.000   Min.   : 1.00   Min.   :   1   Min.   : 106  \n",
       " 1st Qu.:2013   1st Qu.: 4.000   1st Qu.: 8.00   1st Qu.: 907   1st Qu.: 906  \n",
       " Median :2013   Median : 7.000   Median :16.00   Median :1401   Median :1359  \n",
       " Mean   :2013   Mean   : 6.549   Mean   :15.71   Mean   :1349   Mean   :1344  \n",
       " 3rd Qu.:2013   3rd Qu.:10.000   3rd Qu.:23.00   3rd Qu.:1744   3rd Qu.:1729  \n",
       " Max.   :2013   Max.   :12.000   Max.   :31.00   Max.   :2400   Max.   :2359  \n",
       "                                                 NA's   :8255                 \n",
       "   dep_delay          arr_time    sched_arr_time   arr_delay       \n",
       " Min.   : -43.00   Min.   :   1   Min.   :   1   Min.   : -86.000  \n",
       " 1st Qu.:  -5.00   1st Qu.:1104   1st Qu.:1124   1st Qu.: -17.000  \n",
       " Median :  -2.00   Median :1535   Median :1556   Median :  -5.000  \n",
       " Mean   :  12.64   Mean   :1502   Mean   :1536   Mean   :   6.895  \n",
       " 3rd Qu.:  11.00   3rd Qu.:1940   3rd Qu.:1945   3rd Qu.:  14.000  \n",
       " Max.   :1301.00   Max.   :2400   Max.   :2359   Max.   :1272.000  \n",
       " NA's   :8255      NA's   :8713                  NA's   :9430      \n",
       "   carrier              flight       tailnum             origin         \n",
       " Length:336776      Min.   :   1   Length:336776      Length:336776     \n",
       " Class :character   1st Qu.: 553   Class :character   Class :character  \n",
       " Mode  :character   Median :1496   Mode  :character   Mode  :character  \n",
       "                    Mean   :1972                                        \n",
       "                    3rd Qu.:3465                                        \n",
       "                    Max.   :8500                                        \n",
       "                                                                        \n",
       "     dest              air_time        distance         hour      \n",
       " Length:336776      Min.   : 20.0   Min.   :  17   Min.   : 1.00  \n",
       " Class :character   1st Qu.: 82.0   1st Qu.: 502   1st Qu.: 9.00  \n",
       " Mode  :character   Median :129.0   Median : 872   Median :13.00  \n",
       "                    Mean   :150.7   Mean   :1040   Mean   :13.18  \n",
       "                    3rd Qu.:192.0   3rd Qu.:1389   3rd Qu.:17.00  \n",
       "                    Max.   :695.0   Max.   :4983   Max.   :23.00  \n",
       "                    NA's   :9430                                  \n",
       "     minute        time_hour                  \n",
       " Min.   : 0.00   Min.   :2013-01-01 05:00:00  \n",
       " 1st Qu.: 8.00   1st Qu.:2013-04-04 13:00:00  \n",
       " Median :29.00   Median :2013-07-03 10:00:00  \n",
       " Mean   :26.23   Mean   :2013-07-03 05:22:54  \n",
       " 3rd Qu.:44.00   3rd Qu.:2013-10-01 07:00:00  \n",
       " Max.   :59.00   Max.   :2013-12-31 23:00:00  \n",
       "                                              "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "summary(flights)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<style>\n",
       ".list-inline {list-style: none; margin:0; padding: 0}\n",
       ".list-inline>li {display: inline-block}\n",
       ".list-inline>li:not(:last-child)::after {content: \"\\00b7\"; padding: 0 .5ex}\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<ol class=list-inline><li>336776</li><li>19</li></ol>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{enumerate*}\n",
       "\\item 336776\n",
       "\\item 19\n",
       "\\end{enumerate*}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "1. 336776\n",
       "2. 19\n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[1] 336776     19"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# This is a huge data frame, so be careful when calling columns\n",
    "dim(flights)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## filter()\n",
    "We can use the __filter()__ function to select rows in a data frame. The first arugment is the name of the data frame. The second and subsequent arguements are the expresions that filter the data frame.\n",
    "\n",
    "For example, we can select all the flights on November 3rd that were from United Airlines with:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<caption>A tibble: 161 × 19</caption>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>year</th><th scope=col>month</th><th scope=col>day</th><th scope=col>dep_time</th><th scope=col>sched_dep_time</th><th scope=col>dep_delay</th><th scope=col>arr_time</th><th scope=col>sched_arr_time</th><th scope=col>arr_delay</th><th scope=col>carrier</th><th scope=col>flight</th><th scope=col>tailnum</th><th scope=col>origin</th><th scope=col>dest</th><th scope=col>air_time</th><th scope=col>distance</th><th scope=col>hour</th><th scope=col>minute</th><th scope=col>time_hour</th></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dttm&gt;</th></tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>519</td><td>520</td><td> -1</td><td> 751</td><td> 800</td><td> -9</td><td>UA</td><td> 322</td><td>N563UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>IAH</td><td>188</td><td>1400</td><td>5</td><td>20</td><td>2013-11-03 05:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>553</td><td>600</td><td> -7</td><td> 918</td><td> 923</td><td> -5</td><td>UA</td><td> 303</td><td>N512UA</td><td>JFK</td><td>SFO</td><td>358</td><td>2586</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 06:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>554</td><td>600</td><td> -6</td><td> 709</td><td> 730</td><td>-21</td><td>UA</td><td> 279</td><td>N445UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>ORD</td><td>111</td><td> 719</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 06:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>629</td><td>629</td><td>  0</td><td> 913</td><td> 928</td><td>-15</td><td>UA</td><td> 538</td><td>N418UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>PBI</td><td>139</td><td>1023</td><td>6</td><td>29</td><td>2013-11-03 06:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>630</td><td>629</td><td>  1</td><td> 910</td><td> 915</td><td> -5</td><td>UA</td><td>1144</td><td>N37409</td><td>EWR</td><td>MCO</td><td>134</td><td> 937</td><td>6</td><td>29</td><td>2013-11-03 06:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>632</td><td>629</td><td>  3</td><td> 947</td><td> 952</td><td> -5</td><td>UA</td><td> 421</td><td>N817UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>SFO</td><td>345</td><td>2565</td><td>6</td><td>29</td><td>2013-11-03 06:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>637</td><td>631</td><td>  6</td><td> 740</td><td> 800</td><td>-20</td><td>UA</td><td>1177</td><td>N54711</td><td>EWR</td><td>ORD</td><td>108</td><td> 719</td><td>6</td><td>31</td><td>2013-11-03 06:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>650</td><td>700</td><td>-10</td><td> 813</td><td> 833</td><td>-20</td><td>UA</td><td> 331</td><td>N816UA</td><td>LGA</td><td>ORD</td><td>113</td><td> 733</td><td>7</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>650</td><td>653</td><td> -3</td><td> 948</td><td>1001</td><td>-13</td><td>UA</td><td>1299</td><td>N39418</td><td>EWR</td><td>RSW</td><td>155</td><td>1068</td><td>6</td><td>53</td><td>2013-11-03 06:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>650</td><td>650</td><td>  0</td><td> 951</td><td> 948</td><td>  3</td><td>UA</td><td>1439</td><td>N38473</td><td>EWR</td><td>LAX</td><td>338</td><td>2454</td><td>6</td><td>50</td><td>2013-11-03 06:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>708</td><td>715</td><td> -7</td><td> 938</td><td> 955</td><td>-17</td><td>UA</td><td> 260</td><td>N519UA</td><td>LGA</td><td>IAH</td><td>188</td><td>1416</td><td>7</td><td>15</td><td>2013-11-03 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>709</td><td>715</td><td> -6</td><td> 813</td><td> 829</td><td>-16</td><td>UA</td><td> 424</td><td>N460UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>BOS</td><td> 35</td><td> 200</td><td>7</td><td>15</td><td>2013-11-03 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>716</td><td>723</td><td> -7</td><td>1040</td><td>1025</td><td> 15</td><td>UA</td><td> 497</td><td>N526UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>SFO</td><td>350</td><td>2565</td><td>7</td><td>23</td><td>2013-11-03 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>723</td><td>725</td><td> -2</td><td> 936</td><td> 950</td><td>-14</td><td>UA</td><td>1444</td><td>N15710</td><td>EWR</td><td>MSY</td><td>166</td><td>1167</td><td>7</td><td>25</td><td>2013-11-03 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>726</td><td>729</td><td> -3</td><td>1007</td><td>1021</td><td>-14</td><td>UA</td><td> 443</td><td>N595UA</td><td>JFK</td><td>LAX</td><td>314</td><td>2475</td><td>7</td><td>29</td><td>2013-11-03 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>742</td><td>747</td><td> -5</td><td>1222</td><td>1239</td><td>-17</td><td>UA</td><td>1216</td><td>N39423</td><td>EWR</td><td>SJU</td><td>198</td><td>1608</td><td>7</td><td>47</td><td>2013-11-03 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>744</td><td>751</td><td> -7</td><td>1020</td><td>1020</td><td>  0</td><td>UA</td><td> 866</td><td>N528UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>LAS</td><td>305</td><td>2227</td><td>7</td><td>51</td><td>2013-11-03 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>746</td><td>751</td><td> -5</td><td>1100</td><td>1050</td><td> 10</td><td>UA</td><td>1455</td><td>N57439</td><td>EWR</td><td>LAX</td><td>341</td><td>2454</td><td>7</td><td>51</td><td>2013-11-03 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>747</td><td>751</td><td> -4</td><td>1035</td><td>1043</td><td> -8</td><td>UA</td><td> 450</td><td>N832UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>DFW</td><td>198</td><td>1372</td><td>7</td><td>51</td><td>2013-11-03 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>750</td><td>800</td><td>-10</td><td>1028</td><td>1022</td><td>  6</td><td>UA</td><td> 561</td><td>N558UA</td><td>LGA</td><td>DEN</td><td>247</td><td>1620</td><td>8</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 08:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>753</td><td>800</td><td> -7</td><td> 911</td><td> 933</td><td>-22</td><td>UA</td><td> 449</td><td>N802UA</td><td>LGA</td><td>ORD</td><td>110</td><td> 733</td><td>8</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 08:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>755</td><td>754</td><td>  1</td><td>1018</td><td>1019</td><td> -1</td><td>UA</td><td>1072</td><td>N39416</td><td>EWR</td><td>DEN</td><td>231</td><td>1605</td><td>7</td><td>54</td><td>2013-11-03 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>758</td><td>800</td><td> -2</td><td> 917</td><td> 929</td><td>-12</td><td>UA</td><td>1492</td><td>N38403</td><td>EWR</td><td>ORD</td><td>105</td><td> 719</td><td>8</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 08:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>801</td><td>804</td><td> -3</td><td>1107</td><td>1107</td><td>  0</td><td>UA</td><td> 398</td><td>N827UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>PDX</td><td>328</td><td>2434</td><td>8</td><td> 4</td><td>2013-11-03 08:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>805</td><td>807</td><td> -2</td><td>1054</td><td>1057</td><td> -3</td><td>UA</td><td>1154</td><td>N33203</td><td>EWR</td><td>TPA</td><td>135</td><td> 997</td><td>8</td><td> 7</td><td>2013-11-03 08:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>809</td><td>729</td><td> 40</td><td>1049</td><td>1010</td><td> 39</td><td>UA</td><td> 820</td><td>N664UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>IAH</td><td>187</td><td>1400</td><td>7</td><td>29</td><td>2013-11-03 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>823</td><td>825</td><td> -2</td><td>1142</td><td>1148</td><td> -6</td><td>UA</td><td> 397</td><td>N518UA</td><td>JFK</td><td>SFO</td><td>355</td><td>2586</td><td>8</td><td>25</td><td>2013-11-03 08:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>826</td><td>830</td><td> -4</td><td>1141</td><td>1124</td><td> 17</td><td>UA</td><td>1626</td><td>N38268</td><td>EWR</td><td>SAN</td><td>335</td><td>2425</td><td>8</td><td>30</td><td>2013-11-03 08:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>827</td><td>830</td><td> -3</td><td>1151</td><td>1152</td><td> -1</td><td>UA</td><td>1668</td><td>N37263</td><td>EWR</td><td>SFO</td><td>349</td><td>2565</td><td>8</td><td>30</td><td>2013-11-03 08:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>830</td><td>840</td><td>-10</td><td> 956</td><td> 954</td><td>  2</td><td>UA</td><td> 994</td><td>N480UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>BOS</td><td> 34</td><td> 200</td><td>8</td><td>40</td><td>2013-11-03 08:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1823</td><td>1800</td><td>23</td><td>2225</td><td>2114</td><td> 71</td><td>UA</td><td>1064</td><td>N33203</td><td>EWR</td><td>LAX</td><td>362</td><td>2454</td><td>18</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 18:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1827</td><td>1829</td><td>-2</td><td>2022</td><td>2011</td><td> 11</td><td>UA</td><td>1053</td><td>N76265</td><td>EWR</td><td>CLE</td><td> 63</td><td> 404</td><td>18</td><td>29</td><td>2013-11-03 18:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1832</td><td>1820</td><td>12</td><td>2147</td><td>2125</td><td> 22</td><td>UA</td><td> 288</td><td>N489UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>FLL</td><td>142</td><td>1065</td><td>18</td><td>20</td><td>2013-11-03 18:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1851</td><td>1829</td><td>22</td><td>2214</td><td>2150</td><td> 24</td><td>UA</td><td> 418</td><td>N571UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>SFO</td><td>327</td><td>2565</td><td>18</td><td>29</td><td>2013-11-03 18:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1854</td><td>1900</td><td>-6</td><td>2031</td><td>2039</td><td> -8</td><td>UA</td><td> 693</td><td>N479UA</td><td>LGA</td><td>ORD</td><td>115</td><td> 733</td><td>19</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 19:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1858</td><td>1900</td><td>-2</td><td>2217</td><td>2154</td><td> 23</td><td>UA</td><td>1528</td><td>N36280</td><td>EWR</td><td>MCO</td><td>136</td><td> 937</td><td>19</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 19:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1900</td><td>1900</td><td> 0</td><td>2106</td><td>2041</td><td> 25</td><td>UA</td><td> 237</td><td>N822UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>ORD</td><td>119</td><td> 719</td><td>19</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 19:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1900</td><td>1859</td><td> 1</td><td>2204</td><td>2159</td><td>  5</td><td>UA</td><td>1128</td><td>N27733</td><td>LGA</td><td>IAH</td><td>202</td><td>1416</td><td>18</td><td>59</td><td>2013-11-03 18:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1901</td><td>1839</td><td>22</td><td>2314</td><td>2156</td><td> 78</td><td>UA</td><td> 389</td><td>N589UA</td><td>JFK</td><td>SFO</td><td>371</td><td>2586</td><td>18</td><td>39</td><td>2013-11-03 18:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1909</td><td>1908</td><td> 1</td><td>2259</td><td>2216</td><td> 43</td><td>UA</td><td>1526</td><td>N37466</td><td>EWR</td><td>LAX</td><td>358</td><td>2454</td><td>19</td><td> 8</td><td>2013-11-03 19:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1925</td><td>1916</td><td> 9</td><td>2230</td><td>2209</td><td> 21</td><td>UA</td><td> 466</td><td>N503UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>PBI</td><td>142</td><td>1023</td><td>19</td><td>16</td><td>2013-11-03 19:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1933</td><td>1759</td><td>94</td><td>2259</td><td>2052</td><td>127</td><td>UA</td><td> 535</td><td>N510UA</td><td>JFK</td><td>LAX</td><td>344</td><td>2475</td><td>17</td><td>59</td><td>2013-11-03 17:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1936</td><td>1935</td><td> 1</td><td>2254</td><td>2226</td><td> 28</td><td>UA</td><td>1429</td><td>N73291</td><td>EWR</td><td>LAS</td><td>328</td><td>2227</td><td>19</td><td>35</td><td>2013-11-03 19:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1941</td><td>1930</td><td>11</td><td>2245</td><td>2233</td><td> 12</td><td>UA</td><td>1466</td><td>N39475</td><td>EWR</td><td>TPA</td><td>132</td><td> 997</td><td>19</td><td>30</td><td>2013-11-03 19:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1951</td><td>1930</td><td>21</td><td>2310</td><td>2237</td><td> 33</td><td>UA</td><td> 208</td><td>N855UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>SEA</td><td>327</td><td>2402</td><td>19</td><td>30</td><td>2013-11-03 19:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2000</td><td>2000</td><td> 0</td><td>2137</td><td>2132</td><td>  5</td><td>UA</td><td> 695</td><td>N801UA</td><td>LGA</td><td>ORD</td><td>112</td><td> 733</td><td>20</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2003</td><td>2001</td><td> 2</td><td>2334</td><td>2314</td><td> 20</td><td>UA</td><td>1224</td><td>N75435</td><td>EWR</td><td>LAX</td><td>346</td><td>2454</td><td>20</td><td> 1</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2005</td><td>2000</td><td> 5</td><td>2349</td><td>2328</td><td> 21</td><td>UA</td><td>1651</td><td>N37267</td><td>EWR</td><td>SFO</td><td>361</td><td>2565</td><td>20</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2010</td><td>2009</td><td> 1</td><td>2132</td><td>2129</td><td>  3</td><td>UA</td><td>1049</td><td>N15710</td><td>EWR</td><td>BOS</td><td> 37</td><td> 200</td><td>20</td><td> 9</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2017</td><td>2025</td><td>-8</td><td>2339</td><td>2318</td><td> 21</td><td>UA</td><td> 771</td><td>N512UA</td><td>JFK</td><td>LAX</td><td>357</td><td>2475</td><td>20</td><td>25</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2023</td><td>2000</td><td>23</td><td>2306</td><td>2250</td><td> 16</td><td>UA</td><td> 352</td><td>N456UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>IAH</td><td>184</td><td>1400</td><td>20</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2023</td><td>2021</td><td> 2</td><td>2154</td><td>2200</td><td> -6</td><td>UA</td><td>1464</td><td>N54241</td><td>EWR</td><td>CLE</td><td> 62</td><td> 404</td><td>20</td><td>21</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2027</td><td>2028</td><td>-1</td><td>2324</td><td>2340</td><td>-16</td><td>UA</td><td>1680</td><td>N73445</td><td>EWR</td><td>MIA</td><td>141</td><td>1085</td><td>20</td><td>28</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2031</td><td>2029</td><td> 2</td><td>2346</td><td>2335</td><td> 11</td><td>UA</td><td> 207</td><td>N813UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>AUS</td><td>215</td><td>1504</td><td>20</td><td>29</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2031</td><td>2025</td><td> 6</td><td> 119</td><td> 126</td><td> -7</td><td>UA</td><td>1071</td><td>N37456</td><td>EWR</td><td>BQN</td><td>190</td><td>1585</td><td>20</td><td>25</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2054</td><td>2059</td><td>-5</td><td>2201</td><td>2211</td><td>-10</td><td>UA</td><td>1066</td><td>N78511</td><td>EWR</td><td>BOS</td><td> 36</td><td> 200</td><td>20</td><td>59</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2057</td><td>2058</td><td>-1</td><td>2343</td><td>2357</td><td>-14</td><td>UA</td><td>1416</td><td>N37468</td><td>EWR</td><td>MCO</td><td>131</td><td> 937</td><td>20</td><td>58</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2103</td><td>2059</td><td> 4</td><td>2340</td><td>2348</td><td> -8</td><td>UA</td><td> 475</td><td>N425UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>IAH</td><td>186</td><td>1400</td><td>20</td><td>59</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2114</td><td>2058</td><td>16</td><td>2358</td><td>   2</td><td> -4</td><td>UA</td><td> 371</td><td>N417UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>FLL</td><td>135</td><td>1065</td><td>20</td><td>58</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2232</td><td>2154</td><td>38</td><td>2338</td><td>2306</td><td> 32</td><td>UA</td><td> 523</td><td>N405UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>BOS</td><td> 39</td><td> 200</td><td>21</td><td>54</td><td>2013-11-03 21:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "A tibble: 161 × 19\n",
       "\\begin{tabular}{lllllllllllllllllll}\n",
       " year & month & day & dep\\_time & sched\\_dep\\_time & dep\\_delay & arr\\_time & sched\\_arr\\_time & arr\\_delay & carrier & flight & tailnum & origin & dest & air\\_time & distance & hour & minute & time\\_hour\\\\\n",
       " <int> & <int> & <int> & <int> & <int> & <dbl> & <int> & <int> & <dbl> & <chr> & <int> & <chr> & <chr> & <chr> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dttm>\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 519 & 520 &  -1 &  751 &  800 &  -9 & UA &  322 & N563UA & EWR & IAH & 188 & 1400 & 5 & 20 & 2013-11-03 05:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 553 & 600 &  -7 &  918 &  923 &  -5 & UA &  303 & N512UA & JFK & SFO & 358 & 2586 & 6 &  0 & 2013-11-03 06:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 554 & 600 &  -6 &  709 &  730 & -21 & UA &  279 & N445UA & EWR & ORD & 111 &  719 & 6 &  0 & 2013-11-03 06:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 629 & 629 &   0 &  913 &  928 & -15 & UA &  538 & N418UA & EWR & PBI & 139 & 1023 & 6 & 29 & 2013-11-03 06:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 630 & 629 &   1 &  910 &  915 &  -5 & UA & 1144 & N37409 & EWR & MCO & 134 &  937 & 6 & 29 & 2013-11-03 06:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 632 & 629 &   3 &  947 &  952 &  -5 & UA &  421 & N817UA & EWR & SFO & 345 & 2565 & 6 & 29 & 2013-11-03 06:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 637 & 631 &   6 &  740 &  800 & -20 & UA & 1177 & N54711 & EWR & ORD & 108 &  719 & 6 & 31 & 2013-11-03 06:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 650 & 700 & -10 &  813 &  833 & -20 & UA &  331 & N816UA & LGA & ORD & 113 &  733 & 7 &  0 & 2013-11-03 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 650 & 653 &  -3 &  948 & 1001 & -13 & UA & 1299 & N39418 & EWR & RSW & 155 & 1068 & 6 & 53 & 2013-11-03 06:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 650 & 650 &   0 &  951 &  948 &   3 & UA & 1439 & N38473 & EWR & LAX & 338 & 2454 & 6 & 50 & 2013-11-03 06:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 708 & 715 &  -7 &  938 &  955 & -17 & UA &  260 & N519UA & LGA & IAH & 188 & 1416 & 7 & 15 & 2013-11-03 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 709 & 715 &  -6 &  813 &  829 & -16 & UA &  424 & N460UA & EWR & BOS &  35 &  200 & 7 & 15 & 2013-11-03 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 716 & 723 &  -7 & 1040 & 1025 &  15 & UA &  497 & N526UA & EWR & SFO & 350 & 2565 & 7 & 23 & 2013-11-03 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 723 & 725 &  -2 &  936 &  950 & -14 & UA & 1444 & N15710 & EWR & MSY & 166 & 1167 & 7 & 25 & 2013-11-03 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 726 & 729 &  -3 & 1007 & 1021 & -14 & UA &  443 & N595UA & JFK & LAX & 314 & 2475 & 7 & 29 & 2013-11-03 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 742 & 747 &  -5 & 1222 & 1239 & -17 & UA & 1216 & N39423 & EWR & SJU & 198 & 1608 & 7 & 47 & 2013-11-03 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 744 & 751 &  -7 & 1020 & 1020 &   0 & UA &  866 & N528UA & EWR & LAS & 305 & 2227 & 7 & 51 & 2013-11-03 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 746 & 751 &  -5 & 1100 & 1050 &  10 & UA & 1455 & N57439 & EWR & LAX & 341 & 2454 & 7 & 51 & 2013-11-03 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 747 & 751 &  -4 & 1035 & 1043 &  -8 & UA &  450 & N832UA & EWR & DFW & 198 & 1372 & 7 & 51 & 2013-11-03 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 750 & 800 & -10 & 1028 & 1022 &   6 & UA &  561 & N558UA & LGA & DEN & 247 & 1620 & 8 &  0 & 2013-11-03 08:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 753 & 800 &  -7 &  911 &  933 & -22 & UA &  449 & N802UA & LGA & ORD & 110 &  733 & 8 &  0 & 2013-11-03 08:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 755 & 754 &   1 & 1018 & 1019 &  -1 & UA & 1072 & N39416 & EWR & DEN & 231 & 1605 & 7 & 54 & 2013-11-03 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 758 & 800 &  -2 &  917 &  929 & -12 & UA & 1492 & N38403 & EWR & ORD & 105 &  719 & 8 &  0 & 2013-11-03 08:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 801 & 804 &  -3 & 1107 & 1107 &   0 & UA &  398 & N827UA & EWR & PDX & 328 & 2434 & 8 &  4 & 2013-11-03 08:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 805 & 807 &  -2 & 1054 & 1057 &  -3 & UA & 1154 & N33203 & EWR & TPA & 135 &  997 & 8 &  7 & 2013-11-03 08:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 809 & 729 &  40 & 1049 & 1010 &  39 & UA &  820 & N664UA & EWR & IAH & 187 & 1400 & 7 & 29 & 2013-11-03 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 823 & 825 &  -2 & 1142 & 1148 &  -6 & UA &  397 & N518UA & JFK & SFO & 355 & 2586 & 8 & 25 & 2013-11-03 08:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 826 & 830 &  -4 & 1141 & 1124 &  17 & UA & 1626 & N38268 & EWR & SAN & 335 & 2425 & 8 & 30 & 2013-11-03 08:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 827 & 830 &  -3 & 1151 & 1152 &  -1 & UA & 1668 & N37263 & EWR & SFO & 349 & 2565 & 8 & 30 & 2013-11-03 08:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 830 & 840 & -10 &  956 &  954 &   2 & UA &  994 & N480UA & EWR & BOS &  34 &  200 & 8 & 40 & 2013-11-03 08:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ...\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1823 & 1800 & 23 & 2225 & 2114 &  71 & UA & 1064 & N33203 & EWR & LAX & 362 & 2454 & 18 &  0 & 2013-11-03 18:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1827 & 1829 & -2 & 2022 & 2011 &  11 & UA & 1053 & N76265 & EWR & CLE &  63 &  404 & 18 & 29 & 2013-11-03 18:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1832 & 1820 & 12 & 2147 & 2125 &  22 & UA &  288 & N489UA & EWR & FLL & 142 & 1065 & 18 & 20 & 2013-11-03 18:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1851 & 1829 & 22 & 2214 & 2150 &  24 & UA &  418 & N571UA & EWR & SFO & 327 & 2565 & 18 & 29 & 2013-11-03 18:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1854 & 1900 & -6 & 2031 & 2039 &  -8 & UA &  693 & N479UA & LGA & ORD & 115 &  733 & 19 &  0 & 2013-11-03 19:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1858 & 1900 & -2 & 2217 & 2154 &  23 & UA & 1528 & N36280 & EWR & MCO & 136 &  937 & 19 &  0 & 2013-11-03 19:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1900 & 1900 &  0 & 2106 & 2041 &  25 & UA &  237 & N822UA & EWR & ORD & 119 &  719 & 19 &  0 & 2013-11-03 19:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1900 & 1859 &  1 & 2204 & 2159 &   5 & UA & 1128 & N27733 & LGA & IAH & 202 & 1416 & 18 & 59 & 2013-11-03 18:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1901 & 1839 & 22 & 2314 & 2156 &  78 & UA &  389 & N589UA & JFK & SFO & 371 & 2586 & 18 & 39 & 2013-11-03 18:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1909 & 1908 &  1 & 2259 & 2216 &  43 & UA & 1526 & N37466 & EWR & LAX & 358 & 2454 & 19 &  8 & 2013-11-03 19:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1925 & 1916 &  9 & 2230 & 2209 &  21 & UA &  466 & N503UA & EWR & PBI & 142 & 1023 & 19 & 16 & 2013-11-03 19:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1933 & 1759 & 94 & 2259 & 2052 & 127 & UA &  535 & N510UA & JFK & LAX & 344 & 2475 & 17 & 59 & 2013-11-03 17:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1936 & 1935 &  1 & 2254 & 2226 &  28 & UA & 1429 & N73291 & EWR & LAS & 328 & 2227 & 19 & 35 & 2013-11-03 19:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1941 & 1930 & 11 & 2245 & 2233 &  12 & UA & 1466 & N39475 & EWR & TPA & 132 &  997 & 19 & 30 & 2013-11-03 19:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1951 & 1930 & 21 & 2310 & 2237 &  33 & UA &  208 & N855UA & EWR & SEA & 327 & 2402 & 19 & 30 & 2013-11-03 19:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2000 & 2000 &  0 & 2137 & 2132 &   5 & UA &  695 & N801UA & LGA & ORD & 112 &  733 & 20 &  0 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2003 & 2001 &  2 & 2334 & 2314 &  20 & UA & 1224 & N75435 & EWR & LAX & 346 & 2454 & 20 &  1 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2005 & 2000 &  5 & 2349 & 2328 &  21 & UA & 1651 & N37267 & EWR & SFO & 361 & 2565 & 20 &  0 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2010 & 2009 &  1 & 2132 & 2129 &   3 & UA & 1049 & N15710 & EWR & BOS &  37 &  200 & 20 &  9 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2017 & 2025 & -8 & 2339 & 2318 &  21 & UA &  771 & N512UA & JFK & LAX & 357 & 2475 & 20 & 25 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2023 & 2000 & 23 & 2306 & 2250 &  16 & UA &  352 & N456UA & EWR & IAH & 184 & 1400 & 20 &  0 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2023 & 2021 &  2 & 2154 & 2200 &  -6 & UA & 1464 & N54241 & EWR & CLE &  62 &  404 & 20 & 21 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2027 & 2028 & -1 & 2324 & 2340 & -16 & UA & 1680 & N73445 & EWR & MIA & 141 & 1085 & 20 & 28 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2031 & 2029 &  2 & 2346 & 2335 &  11 & UA &  207 & N813UA & EWR & AUS & 215 & 1504 & 20 & 29 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2031 & 2025 &  6 &  119 &  126 &  -7 & UA & 1071 & N37456 & EWR & BQN & 190 & 1585 & 20 & 25 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2054 & 2059 & -5 & 2201 & 2211 & -10 & UA & 1066 & N78511 & EWR & BOS &  36 &  200 & 20 & 59 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2057 & 2058 & -1 & 2343 & 2357 & -14 & UA & 1416 & N37468 & EWR & MCO & 131 &  937 & 20 & 58 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2103 & 2059 &  4 & 2340 & 2348 &  -8 & UA &  475 & N425UA & EWR & IAH & 186 & 1400 & 20 & 59 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2114 & 2058 & 16 & 2358 &    2 &  -4 & UA &  371 & N417UA & EWR & FLL & 135 & 1065 & 20 & 58 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2232 & 2154 & 38 & 2338 & 2306 &  32 & UA &  523 & N405UA & EWR & BOS &  39 &  200 & 21 & 54 & 2013-11-03 21:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "A tibble: 161 × 19\n",
       "\n",
       "| year &lt;int&gt; | month &lt;int&gt; | day &lt;int&gt; | dep_time &lt;int&gt; | sched_dep_time &lt;int&gt; | dep_delay &lt;dbl&gt; | arr_time &lt;int&gt; | sched_arr_time &lt;int&gt; | arr_delay &lt;dbl&gt; | carrier &lt;chr&gt; | flight &lt;int&gt; | tailnum &lt;chr&gt; | origin &lt;chr&gt; | dest &lt;chr&gt; | air_time &lt;dbl&gt; | distance &lt;dbl&gt; | hour &lt;dbl&gt; | minute &lt;dbl&gt; | time_hour &lt;dttm&gt; |\n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 519 | 520 |  -1 |  751 |  800 |  -9 | UA |  322 | N563UA | EWR | IAH | 188 | 1400 | 5 | 20 | 2013-11-03 05:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 553 | 600 |  -7 |  918 |  923 |  -5 | UA |  303 | N512UA | JFK | SFO | 358 | 2586 | 6 |  0 | 2013-11-03 06:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 554 | 600 |  -6 |  709 |  730 | -21 | UA |  279 | N445UA | EWR | ORD | 111 |  719 | 6 |  0 | 2013-11-03 06:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 629 | 629 |   0 |  913 |  928 | -15 | UA |  538 | N418UA | EWR | PBI | 139 | 1023 | 6 | 29 | 2013-11-03 06:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 630 | 629 |   1 |  910 |  915 |  -5 | UA | 1144 | N37409 | EWR | MCO | 134 |  937 | 6 | 29 | 2013-11-03 06:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 632 | 629 |   3 |  947 |  952 |  -5 | UA |  421 | N817UA | EWR | SFO | 345 | 2565 | 6 | 29 | 2013-11-03 06:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 637 | 631 |   6 |  740 |  800 | -20 | UA | 1177 | N54711 | EWR | ORD | 108 |  719 | 6 | 31 | 2013-11-03 06:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 650 | 700 | -10 |  813 |  833 | -20 | UA |  331 | N816UA | LGA | ORD | 113 |  733 | 7 |  0 | 2013-11-03 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 650 | 653 |  -3 |  948 | 1001 | -13 | UA | 1299 | N39418 | EWR | RSW | 155 | 1068 | 6 | 53 | 2013-11-03 06:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 650 | 650 |   0 |  951 |  948 |   3 | UA | 1439 | N38473 | EWR | LAX | 338 | 2454 | 6 | 50 | 2013-11-03 06:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 708 | 715 |  -7 |  938 |  955 | -17 | UA |  260 | N519UA | LGA | IAH | 188 | 1416 | 7 | 15 | 2013-11-03 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 709 | 715 |  -6 |  813 |  829 | -16 | UA |  424 | N460UA | EWR | BOS |  35 |  200 | 7 | 15 | 2013-11-03 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 716 | 723 |  -7 | 1040 | 1025 |  15 | UA |  497 | N526UA | EWR | SFO | 350 | 2565 | 7 | 23 | 2013-11-03 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 723 | 725 |  -2 |  936 |  950 | -14 | UA | 1444 | N15710 | EWR | MSY | 166 | 1167 | 7 | 25 | 2013-11-03 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 726 | 729 |  -3 | 1007 | 1021 | -14 | UA |  443 | N595UA | JFK | LAX | 314 | 2475 | 7 | 29 | 2013-11-03 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 742 | 747 |  -5 | 1222 | 1239 | -17 | UA | 1216 | N39423 | EWR | SJU | 198 | 1608 | 7 | 47 | 2013-11-03 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 744 | 751 |  -7 | 1020 | 1020 |   0 | UA |  866 | N528UA | EWR | LAS | 305 | 2227 | 7 | 51 | 2013-11-03 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 746 | 751 |  -5 | 1100 | 1050 |  10 | UA | 1455 | N57439 | EWR | LAX | 341 | 2454 | 7 | 51 | 2013-11-03 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 747 | 751 |  -4 | 1035 | 1043 |  -8 | UA |  450 | N832UA | EWR | DFW | 198 | 1372 | 7 | 51 | 2013-11-03 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 750 | 800 | -10 | 1028 | 1022 |   6 | UA |  561 | N558UA | LGA | DEN | 247 | 1620 | 8 |  0 | 2013-11-03 08:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 753 | 800 |  -7 |  911 |  933 | -22 | UA |  449 | N802UA | LGA | ORD | 110 |  733 | 8 |  0 | 2013-11-03 08:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 755 | 754 |   1 | 1018 | 1019 |  -1 | UA | 1072 | N39416 | EWR | DEN | 231 | 1605 | 7 | 54 | 2013-11-03 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 758 | 800 |  -2 |  917 |  929 | -12 | UA | 1492 | N38403 | EWR | ORD | 105 |  719 | 8 |  0 | 2013-11-03 08:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 801 | 804 |  -3 | 1107 | 1107 |   0 | UA |  398 | N827UA | EWR | PDX | 328 | 2434 | 8 |  4 | 2013-11-03 08:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 805 | 807 |  -2 | 1054 | 1057 |  -3 | UA | 1154 | N33203 | EWR | TPA | 135 |  997 | 8 |  7 | 2013-11-03 08:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 809 | 729 |  40 | 1049 | 1010 |  39 | UA |  820 | N664UA | EWR | IAH | 187 | 1400 | 7 | 29 | 2013-11-03 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 823 | 825 |  -2 | 1142 | 1148 |  -6 | UA |  397 | N518UA | JFK | SFO | 355 | 2586 | 8 | 25 | 2013-11-03 08:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 826 | 830 |  -4 | 1141 | 1124 |  17 | UA | 1626 | N38268 | EWR | SAN | 335 | 2425 | 8 | 30 | 2013-11-03 08:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 827 | 830 |  -3 | 1151 | 1152 |  -1 | UA | 1668 | N37263 | EWR | SFO | 349 | 2565 | 8 | 30 | 2013-11-03 08:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 830 | 840 | -10 |  956 |  954 |   2 | UA |  994 | N480UA | EWR | BOS |  34 |  200 | 8 | 40 | 2013-11-03 08:00:00 |\n",
       "| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1823 | 1800 | 23 | 2225 | 2114 |  71 | UA | 1064 | N33203 | EWR | LAX | 362 | 2454 | 18 |  0 | 2013-11-03 18:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1827 | 1829 | -2 | 2022 | 2011 |  11 | UA | 1053 | N76265 | EWR | CLE |  63 |  404 | 18 | 29 | 2013-11-03 18:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1832 | 1820 | 12 | 2147 | 2125 |  22 | UA |  288 | N489UA | EWR | FLL | 142 | 1065 | 18 | 20 | 2013-11-03 18:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1851 | 1829 | 22 | 2214 | 2150 |  24 | UA |  418 | N571UA | EWR | SFO | 327 | 2565 | 18 | 29 | 2013-11-03 18:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1854 | 1900 | -6 | 2031 | 2039 |  -8 | UA |  693 | N479UA | LGA | ORD | 115 |  733 | 19 |  0 | 2013-11-03 19:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1858 | 1900 | -2 | 2217 | 2154 |  23 | UA | 1528 | N36280 | EWR | MCO | 136 |  937 | 19 |  0 | 2013-11-03 19:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1900 | 1900 |  0 | 2106 | 2041 |  25 | UA |  237 | N822UA | EWR | ORD | 119 |  719 | 19 |  0 | 2013-11-03 19:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1900 | 1859 |  1 | 2204 | 2159 |   5 | UA | 1128 | N27733 | LGA | IAH | 202 | 1416 | 18 | 59 | 2013-11-03 18:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1901 | 1839 | 22 | 2314 | 2156 |  78 | UA |  389 | N589UA | JFK | SFO | 371 | 2586 | 18 | 39 | 2013-11-03 18:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1909 | 1908 |  1 | 2259 | 2216 |  43 | UA | 1526 | N37466 | EWR | LAX | 358 | 2454 | 19 |  8 | 2013-11-03 19:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1925 | 1916 |  9 | 2230 | 2209 |  21 | UA |  466 | N503UA | EWR | PBI | 142 | 1023 | 19 | 16 | 2013-11-03 19:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1933 | 1759 | 94 | 2259 | 2052 | 127 | UA |  535 | N510UA | JFK | LAX | 344 | 2475 | 17 | 59 | 2013-11-03 17:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1936 | 1935 |  1 | 2254 | 2226 |  28 | UA | 1429 | N73291 | EWR | LAS | 328 | 2227 | 19 | 35 | 2013-11-03 19:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1941 | 1930 | 11 | 2245 | 2233 |  12 | UA | 1466 | N39475 | EWR | TPA | 132 |  997 | 19 | 30 | 2013-11-03 19:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1951 | 1930 | 21 | 2310 | 2237 |  33 | UA |  208 | N855UA | EWR | SEA | 327 | 2402 | 19 | 30 | 2013-11-03 19:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2000 | 2000 |  0 | 2137 | 2132 |   5 | UA |  695 | N801UA | LGA | ORD | 112 |  733 | 20 |  0 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2003 | 2001 |  2 | 2334 | 2314 |  20 | UA | 1224 | N75435 | EWR | LAX | 346 | 2454 | 20 |  1 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2005 | 2000 |  5 | 2349 | 2328 |  21 | UA | 1651 | N37267 | EWR | SFO | 361 | 2565 | 20 |  0 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2010 | 2009 |  1 | 2132 | 2129 |   3 | UA | 1049 | N15710 | EWR | BOS |  37 |  200 | 20 |  9 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2017 | 2025 | -8 | 2339 | 2318 |  21 | UA |  771 | N512UA | JFK | LAX | 357 | 2475 | 20 | 25 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2023 | 2000 | 23 | 2306 | 2250 |  16 | UA |  352 | N456UA | EWR | IAH | 184 | 1400 | 20 |  0 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2023 | 2021 |  2 | 2154 | 2200 |  -6 | UA | 1464 | N54241 | EWR | CLE |  62 |  404 | 20 | 21 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2027 | 2028 | -1 | 2324 | 2340 | -16 | UA | 1680 | N73445 | EWR | MIA | 141 | 1085 | 20 | 28 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2031 | 2029 |  2 | 2346 | 2335 |  11 | UA |  207 | N813UA | EWR | AUS | 215 | 1504 | 20 | 29 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2031 | 2025 |  6 |  119 |  126 |  -7 | UA | 1071 | N37456 | EWR | BQN | 190 | 1585 | 20 | 25 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2054 | 2059 | -5 | 2201 | 2211 | -10 | UA | 1066 | N78511 | EWR | BOS |  36 |  200 | 20 | 59 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2057 | 2058 | -1 | 2343 | 2357 | -14 | UA | 1416 | N37468 | EWR | MCO | 131 |  937 | 20 | 58 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2103 | 2059 |  4 | 2340 | 2348 |  -8 | UA |  475 | N425UA | EWR | IAH | 186 | 1400 | 20 | 59 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2114 | 2058 | 16 | 2358 |    2 |  -4 | UA |  371 | N417UA | EWR | FLL | 135 | 1065 | 20 | 58 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2232 | 2154 | 38 | 2338 | 2306 |  32 | UA |  523 | N405UA | EWR | BOS |  39 |  200 | 21 | 54 | 2013-11-03 21:00:00 |\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "    year month day dep_time sched_dep_time dep_delay arr_time sched_arr_time\n",
       "1   2013 11    3   519      520             -1        751      800          \n",
       "2   2013 11    3   553      600             -7        918      923          \n",
       "3   2013 11    3   554      600             -6        709      730          \n",
       "4   2013 11    3   629      629              0        913      928          \n",
       "5   2013 11    3   630      629              1        910      915          \n",
       "6   2013 11    3   632      629              3        947      952          \n",
       "7   2013 11    3   637      631              6        740      800          \n",
       "8   2013 11    3   650      700            -10        813      833          \n",
       "9   2013 11    3   650      653             -3        948     1001          \n",
       "10  2013 11    3   650      650              0        951      948          \n",
       "11  2013 11    3   708      715             -7        938      955          \n",
       "12  2013 11    3   709      715             -6        813      829          \n",
       "13  2013 11    3   716      723             -7       1040     1025          \n",
       "14  2013 11    3   723      725             -2        936      950          \n",
       "15  2013 11    3   726      729             -3       1007     1021          \n",
       "16  2013 11    3   742      747             -5       1222     1239          \n",
       "17  2013 11    3   744      751             -7       1020     1020          \n",
       "18  2013 11    3   746      751             -5       1100     1050          \n",
       "19  2013 11    3   747      751             -4       1035     1043          \n",
       "20  2013 11    3   750      800            -10       1028     1022          \n",
       "21  2013 11    3   753      800             -7        911      933          \n",
       "22  2013 11    3   755      754              1       1018     1019          \n",
       "23  2013 11    3   758      800             -2        917      929          \n",
       "24  2013 11    3   801      804             -3       1107     1107          \n",
       "25  2013 11    3   805      807             -2       1054     1057          \n",
       "26  2013 11    3   809      729             40       1049     1010          \n",
       "27  2013 11    3   823      825             -2       1142     1148          \n",
       "28  2013 11    3   826      830             -4       1141     1124          \n",
       "29  2013 11    3   827      830             -3       1151     1152          \n",
       "30  2013 11    3   830      840            -10        956      954          \n",
       "... ...  ...   ... ...      ...            ...       ...      ...           \n",
       "132 2013 11    3   1823     1800           23        2225     2114          \n",
       "133 2013 11    3   1827     1829           -2        2022     2011          \n",
       "134 2013 11    3   1832     1820           12        2147     2125          \n",
       "135 2013 11    3   1851     1829           22        2214     2150          \n",
       "136 2013 11    3   1854     1900           -6        2031     2039          \n",
       "137 2013 11    3   1858     1900           -2        2217     2154          \n",
       "138 2013 11    3   1900     1900            0        2106     2041          \n",
       "139 2013 11    3   1900     1859            1        2204     2159          \n",
       "140 2013 11    3   1901     1839           22        2314     2156          \n",
       "141 2013 11    3   1909     1908            1        2259     2216          \n",
       "142 2013 11    3   1925     1916            9        2230     2209          \n",
       "143 2013 11    3   1933     1759           94        2259     2052          \n",
       "144 2013 11    3   1936     1935            1        2254     2226          \n",
       "145 2013 11    3   1941     1930           11        2245     2233          \n",
       "146 2013 11    3   1951     1930           21        2310     2237          \n",
       "147 2013 11    3   2000     2000            0        2137     2132          \n",
       "148 2013 11    3   2003     2001            2        2334     2314          \n",
       "149 2013 11    3   2005     2000            5        2349     2328          \n",
       "150 2013 11    3   2010     2009            1        2132     2129          \n",
       "151 2013 11    3   2017     2025           -8        2339     2318          \n",
       "152 2013 11    3   2023     2000           23        2306     2250          \n",
       "153 2013 11    3   2023     2021            2        2154     2200          \n",
       "154 2013 11    3   2027     2028           -1        2324     2340          \n",
       "155 2013 11    3   2031     2029            2        2346     2335          \n",
       "156 2013 11    3   2031     2025            6         119      126          \n",
       "157 2013 11    3   2054     2059           -5        2201     2211          \n",
       "158 2013 11    3   2057     2058           -1        2343     2357          \n",
       "159 2013 11    3   2103     2059            4        2340     2348          \n",
       "160 2013 11    3   2114     2058           16        2358        2          \n",
       "161 2013 11    3   2232     2154           38        2338     2306          \n",
       "    arr_delay carrier flight tailnum origin dest air_time distance hour minute\n",
       "1    -9       UA       322   N563UA  EWR    IAH  188      1400     5    20    \n",
       "2    -5       UA       303   N512UA  JFK    SFO  358      2586     6     0    \n",
       "3   -21       UA       279   N445UA  EWR    ORD  111       719     6     0    \n",
       "4   -15       UA       538   N418UA  EWR    PBI  139      1023     6    29    \n",
       "5    -5       UA      1144   N37409  EWR    MCO  134       937     6    29    \n",
       "6    -5       UA       421   N817UA  EWR    SFO  345      2565     6    29    \n",
       "7   -20       UA      1177   N54711  EWR    ORD  108       719     6    31    \n",
       "8   -20       UA       331   N816UA  LGA    ORD  113       733     7     0    \n",
       "9   -13       UA      1299   N39418  EWR    RSW  155      1068     6    53    \n",
       "10    3       UA      1439   N38473  EWR    LAX  338      2454     6    50    \n",
       "11  -17       UA       260   N519UA  LGA    IAH  188      1416     7    15    \n",
       "12  -16       UA       424   N460UA  EWR    BOS   35       200     7    15    \n",
       "13   15       UA       497   N526UA  EWR    SFO  350      2565     7    23    \n",
       "14  -14       UA      1444   N15710  EWR    MSY  166      1167     7    25    \n",
       "15  -14       UA       443   N595UA  JFK    LAX  314      2475     7    29    \n",
       "16  -17       UA      1216   N39423  EWR    SJU  198      1608     7    47    \n",
       "17    0       UA       866   N528UA  EWR    LAS  305      2227     7    51    \n",
       "18   10       UA      1455   N57439  EWR    LAX  341      2454     7    51    \n",
       "19   -8       UA       450   N832UA  EWR    DFW  198      1372     7    51    \n",
       "20    6       UA       561   N558UA  LGA    DEN  247      1620     8     0    \n",
       "21  -22       UA       449   N802UA  LGA    ORD  110       733     8     0    \n",
       "22   -1       UA      1072   N39416  EWR    DEN  231      1605     7    54    \n",
       "23  -12       UA      1492   N38403  EWR    ORD  105       719     8     0    \n",
       "24    0       UA       398   N827UA  EWR    PDX  328      2434     8     4    \n",
       "25   -3       UA      1154   N33203  EWR    TPA  135       997     8     7    \n",
       "26   39       UA       820   N664UA  EWR    IAH  187      1400     7    29    \n",
       "27   -6       UA       397   N518UA  JFK    SFO  355      2586     8    25    \n",
       "28   17       UA      1626   N38268  EWR    SAN  335      2425     8    30    \n",
       "29   -1       UA      1668   N37263  EWR    SFO  349      2565     8    30    \n",
       "30    2       UA       994   N480UA  EWR    BOS   34       200     8    40    \n",
       "... ...       ...     ...    ...     ...    ...  ...      ...      ...  ...   \n",
       "132  71       UA      1064   N33203  EWR    LAX  362      2454     18    0    \n",
       "133  11       UA      1053   N76265  EWR    CLE   63       404     18   29    \n",
       "134  22       UA       288   N489UA  EWR    FLL  142      1065     18   20    \n",
       "135  24       UA       418   N571UA  EWR    SFO  327      2565     18   29    \n",
       "136  -8       UA       693   N479UA  LGA    ORD  115       733     19    0    \n",
       "137  23       UA      1528   N36280  EWR    MCO  136       937     19    0    \n",
       "138  25       UA       237   N822UA  EWR    ORD  119       719     19    0    \n",
       "139   5       UA      1128   N27733  LGA    IAH  202      1416     18   59    \n",
       "140  78       UA       389   N589UA  JFK    SFO  371      2586     18   39    \n",
       "141  43       UA      1526   N37466  EWR    LAX  358      2454     19    8    \n",
       "142  21       UA       466   N503UA  EWR    PBI  142      1023     19   16    \n",
       "143 127       UA       535   N510UA  JFK    LAX  344      2475     17   59    \n",
       "144  28       UA      1429   N73291  EWR    LAS  328      2227     19   35    \n",
       "145  12       UA      1466   N39475  EWR    TPA  132       997     19   30    \n",
       "146  33       UA       208   N855UA  EWR    SEA  327      2402     19   30    \n",
       "147   5       UA       695   N801UA  LGA    ORD  112       733     20    0    \n",
       "148  20       UA      1224   N75435  EWR    LAX  346      2454     20    1    \n",
       "149  21       UA      1651   N37267  EWR    SFO  361      2565     20    0    \n",
       "150   3       UA      1049   N15710  EWR    BOS   37       200     20    9    \n",
       "151  21       UA       771   N512UA  JFK    LAX  357      2475     20   25    \n",
       "152  16       UA       352   N456UA  EWR    IAH  184      1400     20    0    \n",
       "153  -6       UA      1464   N54241  EWR    CLE   62       404     20   21    \n",
       "154 -16       UA      1680   N73445  EWR    MIA  141      1085     20   28    \n",
       "155  11       UA       207   N813UA  EWR    AUS  215      1504     20   29    \n",
       "156  -7       UA      1071   N37456  EWR    BQN  190      1585     20   25    \n",
       "157 -10       UA      1066   N78511  EWR    BOS   36       200     20   59    \n",
       "158 -14       UA      1416   N37468  EWR    MCO  131       937     20   58    \n",
       "159  -8       UA       475   N425UA  EWR    IAH  186      1400     20   59    \n",
       "160  -4       UA       371   N417UA  EWR    FLL  135      1065     20   58    \n",
       "161  32       UA       523   N405UA  EWR    BOS   39       200     21   54    \n",
       "    time_hour          \n",
       "1   2013-11-03 05:00:00\n",
       "2   2013-11-03 06:00:00\n",
       "3   2013-11-03 06:00:00\n",
       "4   2013-11-03 06:00:00\n",
       "5   2013-11-03 06:00:00\n",
       "6   2013-11-03 06:00:00\n",
       "7   2013-11-03 06:00:00\n",
       "8   2013-11-03 07:00:00\n",
       "9   2013-11-03 06:00:00\n",
       "10  2013-11-03 06:00:00\n",
       "11  2013-11-03 07:00:00\n",
       "12  2013-11-03 07:00:00\n",
       "13  2013-11-03 07:00:00\n",
       "14  2013-11-03 07:00:00\n",
       "15  2013-11-03 07:00:00\n",
       "16  2013-11-03 07:00:00\n",
       "17  2013-11-03 07:00:00\n",
       "18  2013-11-03 07:00:00\n",
       "19  2013-11-03 07:00:00\n",
       "20  2013-11-03 08:00:00\n",
       "21  2013-11-03 08:00:00\n",
       "22  2013-11-03 07:00:00\n",
       "23  2013-11-03 08:00:00\n",
       "24  2013-11-03 08:00:00\n",
       "25  2013-11-03 08:00:00\n",
       "26  2013-11-03 07:00:00\n",
       "27  2013-11-03 08:00:00\n",
       "28  2013-11-03 08:00:00\n",
       "29  2013-11-03 08:00:00\n",
       "30  2013-11-03 08:00:00\n",
       "... ...                \n",
       "132 2013-11-03 18:00:00\n",
       "133 2013-11-03 18:00:00\n",
       "134 2013-11-03 18:00:00\n",
       "135 2013-11-03 18:00:00\n",
       "136 2013-11-03 19:00:00\n",
       "137 2013-11-03 19:00:00\n",
       "138 2013-11-03 19:00:00\n",
       "139 2013-11-03 18:00:00\n",
       "140 2013-11-03 18:00:00\n",
       "141 2013-11-03 19:00:00\n",
       "142 2013-11-03 19:00:00\n",
       "143 2013-11-03 17:00:00\n",
       "144 2013-11-03 19:00:00\n",
       "145 2013-11-03 19:00:00\n",
       "146 2013-11-03 19:00:00\n",
       "147 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "148 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "149 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "150 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "151 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "152 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "153 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "154 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "155 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "156 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "157 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "158 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "159 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "160 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "161 2013-11-03 21:00:00"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "filter(flights,month == 11, day == 3,carrier==\"UA\" )"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "This is a lot simpler than the normal way to do this with a dataframe:\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<caption>A tibble: 161 × 19</caption>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>year</th><th scope=col>month</th><th scope=col>day</th><th scope=col>dep_time</th><th scope=col>sched_dep_time</th><th scope=col>dep_delay</th><th scope=col>arr_time</th><th scope=col>sched_arr_time</th><th scope=col>arr_delay</th><th scope=col>carrier</th><th scope=col>flight</th><th scope=col>tailnum</th><th scope=col>origin</th><th scope=col>dest</th><th scope=col>air_time</th><th scope=col>distance</th><th scope=col>hour</th><th scope=col>minute</th><th scope=col>time_hour</th></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dttm&gt;</th></tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>519</td><td>520</td><td> -1</td><td> 751</td><td> 800</td><td> -9</td><td>UA</td><td> 322</td><td>N563UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>IAH</td><td>188</td><td>1400</td><td>5</td><td>20</td><td>2013-11-03 05:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>553</td><td>600</td><td> -7</td><td> 918</td><td> 923</td><td> -5</td><td>UA</td><td> 303</td><td>N512UA</td><td>JFK</td><td>SFO</td><td>358</td><td>2586</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 06:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>554</td><td>600</td><td> -6</td><td> 709</td><td> 730</td><td>-21</td><td>UA</td><td> 279</td><td>N445UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>ORD</td><td>111</td><td> 719</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 06:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>629</td><td>629</td><td>  0</td><td> 913</td><td> 928</td><td>-15</td><td>UA</td><td> 538</td><td>N418UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>PBI</td><td>139</td><td>1023</td><td>6</td><td>29</td><td>2013-11-03 06:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>630</td><td>629</td><td>  1</td><td> 910</td><td> 915</td><td> -5</td><td>UA</td><td>1144</td><td>N37409</td><td>EWR</td><td>MCO</td><td>134</td><td> 937</td><td>6</td><td>29</td><td>2013-11-03 06:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>632</td><td>629</td><td>  3</td><td> 947</td><td> 952</td><td> -5</td><td>UA</td><td> 421</td><td>N817UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>SFO</td><td>345</td><td>2565</td><td>6</td><td>29</td><td>2013-11-03 06:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>637</td><td>631</td><td>  6</td><td> 740</td><td> 800</td><td>-20</td><td>UA</td><td>1177</td><td>N54711</td><td>EWR</td><td>ORD</td><td>108</td><td> 719</td><td>6</td><td>31</td><td>2013-11-03 06:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>650</td><td>700</td><td>-10</td><td> 813</td><td> 833</td><td>-20</td><td>UA</td><td> 331</td><td>N816UA</td><td>LGA</td><td>ORD</td><td>113</td><td> 733</td><td>7</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>650</td><td>653</td><td> -3</td><td> 948</td><td>1001</td><td>-13</td><td>UA</td><td>1299</td><td>N39418</td><td>EWR</td><td>RSW</td><td>155</td><td>1068</td><td>6</td><td>53</td><td>2013-11-03 06:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>650</td><td>650</td><td>  0</td><td> 951</td><td> 948</td><td>  3</td><td>UA</td><td>1439</td><td>N38473</td><td>EWR</td><td>LAX</td><td>338</td><td>2454</td><td>6</td><td>50</td><td>2013-11-03 06:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>708</td><td>715</td><td> -7</td><td> 938</td><td> 955</td><td>-17</td><td>UA</td><td> 260</td><td>N519UA</td><td>LGA</td><td>IAH</td><td>188</td><td>1416</td><td>7</td><td>15</td><td>2013-11-03 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>709</td><td>715</td><td> -6</td><td> 813</td><td> 829</td><td>-16</td><td>UA</td><td> 424</td><td>N460UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>BOS</td><td> 35</td><td> 200</td><td>7</td><td>15</td><td>2013-11-03 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>716</td><td>723</td><td> -7</td><td>1040</td><td>1025</td><td> 15</td><td>UA</td><td> 497</td><td>N526UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>SFO</td><td>350</td><td>2565</td><td>7</td><td>23</td><td>2013-11-03 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>723</td><td>725</td><td> -2</td><td> 936</td><td> 950</td><td>-14</td><td>UA</td><td>1444</td><td>N15710</td><td>EWR</td><td>MSY</td><td>166</td><td>1167</td><td>7</td><td>25</td><td>2013-11-03 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>726</td><td>729</td><td> -3</td><td>1007</td><td>1021</td><td>-14</td><td>UA</td><td> 443</td><td>N595UA</td><td>JFK</td><td>LAX</td><td>314</td><td>2475</td><td>7</td><td>29</td><td>2013-11-03 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>742</td><td>747</td><td> -5</td><td>1222</td><td>1239</td><td>-17</td><td>UA</td><td>1216</td><td>N39423</td><td>EWR</td><td>SJU</td><td>198</td><td>1608</td><td>7</td><td>47</td><td>2013-11-03 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>744</td><td>751</td><td> -7</td><td>1020</td><td>1020</td><td>  0</td><td>UA</td><td> 866</td><td>N528UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>LAS</td><td>305</td><td>2227</td><td>7</td><td>51</td><td>2013-11-03 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>746</td><td>751</td><td> -5</td><td>1100</td><td>1050</td><td> 10</td><td>UA</td><td>1455</td><td>N57439</td><td>EWR</td><td>LAX</td><td>341</td><td>2454</td><td>7</td><td>51</td><td>2013-11-03 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>747</td><td>751</td><td> -4</td><td>1035</td><td>1043</td><td> -8</td><td>UA</td><td> 450</td><td>N832UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>DFW</td><td>198</td><td>1372</td><td>7</td><td>51</td><td>2013-11-03 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>750</td><td>800</td><td>-10</td><td>1028</td><td>1022</td><td>  6</td><td>UA</td><td> 561</td><td>N558UA</td><td>LGA</td><td>DEN</td><td>247</td><td>1620</td><td>8</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 08:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>753</td><td>800</td><td> -7</td><td> 911</td><td> 933</td><td>-22</td><td>UA</td><td> 449</td><td>N802UA</td><td>LGA</td><td>ORD</td><td>110</td><td> 733</td><td>8</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 08:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>755</td><td>754</td><td>  1</td><td>1018</td><td>1019</td><td> -1</td><td>UA</td><td>1072</td><td>N39416</td><td>EWR</td><td>DEN</td><td>231</td><td>1605</td><td>7</td><td>54</td><td>2013-11-03 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>758</td><td>800</td><td> -2</td><td> 917</td><td> 929</td><td>-12</td><td>UA</td><td>1492</td><td>N38403</td><td>EWR</td><td>ORD</td><td>105</td><td> 719</td><td>8</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 08:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>801</td><td>804</td><td> -3</td><td>1107</td><td>1107</td><td>  0</td><td>UA</td><td> 398</td><td>N827UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>PDX</td><td>328</td><td>2434</td><td>8</td><td> 4</td><td>2013-11-03 08:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>805</td><td>807</td><td> -2</td><td>1054</td><td>1057</td><td> -3</td><td>UA</td><td>1154</td><td>N33203</td><td>EWR</td><td>TPA</td><td>135</td><td> 997</td><td>8</td><td> 7</td><td>2013-11-03 08:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>809</td><td>729</td><td> 40</td><td>1049</td><td>1010</td><td> 39</td><td>UA</td><td> 820</td><td>N664UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>IAH</td><td>187</td><td>1400</td><td>7</td><td>29</td><td>2013-11-03 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>823</td><td>825</td><td> -2</td><td>1142</td><td>1148</td><td> -6</td><td>UA</td><td> 397</td><td>N518UA</td><td>JFK</td><td>SFO</td><td>355</td><td>2586</td><td>8</td><td>25</td><td>2013-11-03 08:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>826</td><td>830</td><td> -4</td><td>1141</td><td>1124</td><td> 17</td><td>UA</td><td>1626</td><td>N38268</td><td>EWR</td><td>SAN</td><td>335</td><td>2425</td><td>8</td><td>30</td><td>2013-11-03 08:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>827</td><td>830</td><td> -3</td><td>1151</td><td>1152</td><td> -1</td><td>UA</td><td>1668</td><td>N37263</td><td>EWR</td><td>SFO</td><td>349</td><td>2565</td><td>8</td><td>30</td><td>2013-11-03 08:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>830</td><td>840</td><td>-10</td><td> 956</td><td> 954</td><td>  2</td><td>UA</td><td> 994</td><td>N480UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>BOS</td><td> 34</td><td> 200</td><td>8</td><td>40</td><td>2013-11-03 08:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1823</td><td>1800</td><td>23</td><td>2225</td><td>2114</td><td> 71</td><td>UA</td><td>1064</td><td>N33203</td><td>EWR</td><td>LAX</td><td>362</td><td>2454</td><td>18</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 18:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1827</td><td>1829</td><td>-2</td><td>2022</td><td>2011</td><td> 11</td><td>UA</td><td>1053</td><td>N76265</td><td>EWR</td><td>CLE</td><td> 63</td><td> 404</td><td>18</td><td>29</td><td>2013-11-03 18:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1832</td><td>1820</td><td>12</td><td>2147</td><td>2125</td><td> 22</td><td>UA</td><td> 288</td><td>N489UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>FLL</td><td>142</td><td>1065</td><td>18</td><td>20</td><td>2013-11-03 18:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1851</td><td>1829</td><td>22</td><td>2214</td><td>2150</td><td> 24</td><td>UA</td><td> 418</td><td>N571UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>SFO</td><td>327</td><td>2565</td><td>18</td><td>29</td><td>2013-11-03 18:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1854</td><td>1900</td><td>-6</td><td>2031</td><td>2039</td><td> -8</td><td>UA</td><td> 693</td><td>N479UA</td><td>LGA</td><td>ORD</td><td>115</td><td> 733</td><td>19</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 19:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1858</td><td>1900</td><td>-2</td><td>2217</td><td>2154</td><td> 23</td><td>UA</td><td>1528</td><td>N36280</td><td>EWR</td><td>MCO</td><td>136</td><td> 937</td><td>19</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 19:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1900</td><td>1900</td><td> 0</td><td>2106</td><td>2041</td><td> 25</td><td>UA</td><td> 237</td><td>N822UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>ORD</td><td>119</td><td> 719</td><td>19</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 19:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1900</td><td>1859</td><td> 1</td><td>2204</td><td>2159</td><td>  5</td><td>UA</td><td>1128</td><td>N27733</td><td>LGA</td><td>IAH</td><td>202</td><td>1416</td><td>18</td><td>59</td><td>2013-11-03 18:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1901</td><td>1839</td><td>22</td><td>2314</td><td>2156</td><td> 78</td><td>UA</td><td> 389</td><td>N589UA</td><td>JFK</td><td>SFO</td><td>371</td><td>2586</td><td>18</td><td>39</td><td>2013-11-03 18:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1909</td><td>1908</td><td> 1</td><td>2259</td><td>2216</td><td> 43</td><td>UA</td><td>1526</td><td>N37466</td><td>EWR</td><td>LAX</td><td>358</td><td>2454</td><td>19</td><td> 8</td><td>2013-11-03 19:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1925</td><td>1916</td><td> 9</td><td>2230</td><td>2209</td><td> 21</td><td>UA</td><td> 466</td><td>N503UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>PBI</td><td>142</td><td>1023</td><td>19</td><td>16</td><td>2013-11-03 19:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1933</td><td>1759</td><td>94</td><td>2259</td><td>2052</td><td>127</td><td>UA</td><td> 535</td><td>N510UA</td><td>JFK</td><td>LAX</td><td>344</td><td>2475</td><td>17</td><td>59</td><td>2013-11-03 17:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1936</td><td>1935</td><td> 1</td><td>2254</td><td>2226</td><td> 28</td><td>UA</td><td>1429</td><td>N73291</td><td>EWR</td><td>LAS</td><td>328</td><td>2227</td><td>19</td><td>35</td><td>2013-11-03 19:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1941</td><td>1930</td><td>11</td><td>2245</td><td>2233</td><td> 12</td><td>UA</td><td>1466</td><td>N39475</td><td>EWR</td><td>TPA</td><td>132</td><td> 997</td><td>19</td><td>30</td><td>2013-11-03 19:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>1951</td><td>1930</td><td>21</td><td>2310</td><td>2237</td><td> 33</td><td>UA</td><td> 208</td><td>N855UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>SEA</td><td>327</td><td>2402</td><td>19</td><td>30</td><td>2013-11-03 19:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2000</td><td>2000</td><td> 0</td><td>2137</td><td>2132</td><td>  5</td><td>UA</td><td> 695</td><td>N801UA</td><td>LGA</td><td>ORD</td><td>112</td><td> 733</td><td>20</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2003</td><td>2001</td><td> 2</td><td>2334</td><td>2314</td><td> 20</td><td>UA</td><td>1224</td><td>N75435</td><td>EWR</td><td>LAX</td><td>346</td><td>2454</td><td>20</td><td> 1</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2005</td><td>2000</td><td> 5</td><td>2349</td><td>2328</td><td> 21</td><td>UA</td><td>1651</td><td>N37267</td><td>EWR</td><td>SFO</td><td>361</td><td>2565</td><td>20</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2010</td><td>2009</td><td> 1</td><td>2132</td><td>2129</td><td>  3</td><td>UA</td><td>1049</td><td>N15710</td><td>EWR</td><td>BOS</td><td> 37</td><td> 200</td><td>20</td><td> 9</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2017</td><td>2025</td><td>-8</td><td>2339</td><td>2318</td><td> 21</td><td>UA</td><td> 771</td><td>N512UA</td><td>JFK</td><td>LAX</td><td>357</td><td>2475</td><td>20</td><td>25</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2023</td><td>2000</td><td>23</td><td>2306</td><td>2250</td><td> 16</td><td>UA</td><td> 352</td><td>N456UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>IAH</td><td>184</td><td>1400</td><td>20</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2023</td><td>2021</td><td> 2</td><td>2154</td><td>2200</td><td> -6</td><td>UA</td><td>1464</td><td>N54241</td><td>EWR</td><td>CLE</td><td> 62</td><td> 404</td><td>20</td><td>21</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2027</td><td>2028</td><td>-1</td><td>2324</td><td>2340</td><td>-16</td><td>UA</td><td>1680</td><td>N73445</td><td>EWR</td><td>MIA</td><td>141</td><td>1085</td><td>20</td><td>28</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2031</td><td>2029</td><td> 2</td><td>2346</td><td>2335</td><td> 11</td><td>UA</td><td> 207</td><td>N813UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>AUS</td><td>215</td><td>1504</td><td>20</td><td>29</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2031</td><td>2025</td><td> 6</td><td> 119</td><td> 126</td><td> -7</td><td>UA</td><td>1071</td><td>N37456</td><td>EWR</td><td>BQN</td><td>190</td><td>1585</td><td>20</td><td>25</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2054</td><td>2059</td><td>-5</td><td>2201</td><td>2211</td><td>-10</td><td>UA</td><td>1066</td><td>N78511</td><td>EWR</td><td>BOS</td><td> 36</td><td> 200</td><td>20</td><td>59</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2057</td><td>2058</td><td>-1</td><td>2343</td><td>2357</td><td>-14</td><td>UA</td><td>1416</td><td>N37468</td><td>EWR</td><td>MCO</td><td>131</td><td> 937</td><td>20</td><td>58</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2103</td><td>2059</td><td> 4</td><td>2340</td><td>2348</td><td> -8</td><td>UA</td><td> 475</td><td>N425UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>IAH</td><td>186</td><td>1400</td><td>20</td><td>59</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2114</td><td>2058</td><td>16</td><td>2358</td><td>   2</td><td> -4</td><td>UA</td><td> 371</td><td>N417UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>FLL</td><td>135</td><td>1065</td><td>20</td><td>58</td><td>2013-11-03 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2232</td><td>2154</td><td>38</td><td>2338</td><td>2306</td><td> 32</td><td>UA</td><td> 523</td><td>N405UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>BOS</td><td> 39</td><td> 200</td><td>21</td><td>54</td><td>2013-11-03 21:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "A tibble: 161 × 19\n",
       "\\begin{tabular}{lllllllllllllllllll}\n",
       " year & month & day & dep\\_time & sched\\_dep\\_time & dep\\_delay & arr\\_time & sched\\_arr\\_time & arr\\_delay & carrier & flight & tailnum & origin & dest & air\\_time & distance & hour & minute & time\\_hour\\\\\n",
       " <int> & <int> & <int> & <int> & <int> & <dbl> & <int> & <int> & <dbl> & <chr> & <int> & <chr> & <chr> & <chr> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dttm>\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 519 & 520 &  -1 &  751 &  800 &  -9 & UA &  322 & N563UA & EWR & IAH & 188 & 1400 & 5 & 20 & 2013-11-03 05:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 553 & 600 &  -7 &  918 &  923 &  -5 & UA &  303 & N512UA & JFK & SFO & 358 & 2586 & 6 &  0 & 2013-11-03 06:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 554 & 600 &  -6 &  709 &  730 & -21 & UA &  279 & N445UA & EWR & ORD & 111 &  719 & 6 &  0 & 2013-11-03 06:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 629 & 629 &   0 &  913 &  928 & -15 & UA &  538 & N418UA & EWR & PBI & 139 & 1023 & 6 & 29 & 2013-11-03 06:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 630 & 629 &   1 &  910 &  915 &  -5 & UA & 1144 & N37409 & EWR & MCO & 134 &  937 & 6 & 29 & 2013-11-03 06:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 632 & 629 &   3 &  947 &  952 &  -5 & UA &  421 & N817UA & EWR & SFO & 345 & 2565 & 6 & 29 & 2013-11-03 06:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 637 & 631 &   6 &  740 &  800 & -20 & UA & 1177 & N54711 & EWR & ORD & 108 &  719 & 6 & 31 & 2013-11-03 06:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 650 & 700 & -10 &  813 &  833 & -20 & UA &  331 & N816UA & LGA & ORD & 113 &  733 & 7 &  0 & 2013-11-03 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 650 & 653 &  -3 &  948 & 1001 & -13 & UA & 1299 & N39418 & EWR & RSW & 155 & 1068 & 6 & 53 & 2013-11-03 06:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 650 & 650 &   0 &  951 &  948 &   3 & UA & 1439 & N38473 & EWR & LAX & 338 & 2454 & 6 & 50 & 2013-11-03 06:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 708 & 715 &  -7 &  938 &  955 & -17 & UA &  260 & N519UA & LGA & IAH & 188 & 1416 & 7 & 15 & 2013-11-03 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 709 & 715 &  -6 &  813 &  829 & -16 & UA &  424 & N460UA & EWR & BOS &  35 &  200 & 7 & 15 & 2013-11-03 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 716 & 723 &  -7 & 1040 & 1025 &  15 & UA &  497 & N526UA & EWR & SFO & 350 & 2565 & 7 & 23 & 2013-11-03 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 723 & 725 &  -2 &  936 &  950 & -14 & UA & 1444 & N15710 & EWR & MSY & 166 & 1167 & 7 & 25 & 2013-11-03 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 726 & 729 &  -3 & 1007 & 1021 & -14 & UA &  443 & N595UA & JFK & LAX & 314 & 2475 & 7 & 29 & 2013-11-03 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 742 & 747 &  -5 & 1222 & 1239 & -17 & UA & 1216 & N39423 & EWR & SJU & 198 & 1608 & 7 & 47 & 2013-11-03 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 744 & 751 &  -7 & 1020 & 1020 &   0 & UA &  866 & N528UA & EWR & LAS & 305 & 2227 & 7 & 51 & 2013-11-03 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 746 & 751 &  -5 & 1100 & 1050 &  10 & UA & 1455 & N57439 & EWR & LAX & 341 & 2454 & 7 & 51 & 2013-11-03 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 747 & 751 &  -4 & 1035 & 1043 &  -8 & UA &  450 & N832UA & EWR & DFW & 198 & 1372 & 7 & 51 & 2013-11-03 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 750 & 800 & -10 & 1028 & 1022 &   6 & UA &  561 & N558UA & LGA & DEN & 247 & 1620 & 8 &  0 & 2013-11-03 08:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 753 & 800 &  -7 &  911 &  933 & -22 & UA &  449 & N802UA & LGA & ORD & 110 &  733 & 8 &  0 & 2013-11-03 08:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 755 & 754 &   1 & 1018 & 1019 &  -1 & UA & 1072 & N39416 & EWR & DEN & 231 & 1605 & 7 & 54 & 2013-11-03 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 758 & 800 &  -2 &  917 &  929 & -12 & UA & 1492 & N38403 & EWR & ORD & 105 &  719 & 8 &  0 & 2013-11-03 08:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 801 & 804 &  -3 & 1107 & 1107 &   0 & UA &  398 & N827UA & EWR & PDX & 328 & 2434 & 8 &  4 & 2013-11-03 08:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 805 & 807 &  -2 & 1054 & 1057 &  -3 & UA & 1154 & N33203 & EWR & TPA & 135 &  997 & 8 &  7 & 2013-11-03 08:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 809 & 729 &  40 & 1049 & 1010 &  39 & UA &  820 & N664UA & EWR & IAH & 187 & 1400 & 7 & 29 & 2013-11-03 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 823 & 825 &  -2 & 1142 & 1148 &  -6 & UA &  397 & N518UA & JFK & SFO & 355 & 2586 & 8 & 25 & 2013-11-03 08:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 826 & 830 &  -4 & 1141 & 1124 &  17 & UA & 1626 & N38268 & EWR & SAN & 335 & 2425 & 8 & 30 & 2013-11-03 08:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 827 & 830 &  -3 & 1151 & 1152 &  -1 & UA & 1668 & N37263 & EWR & SFO & 349 & 2565 & 8 & 30 & 2013-11-03 08:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 830 & 840 & -10 &  956 &  954 &   2 & UA &  994 & N480UA & EWR & BOS &  34 &  200 & 8 & 40 & 2013-11-03 08:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ...\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1823 & 1800 & 23 & 2225 & 2114 &  71 & UA & 1064 & N33203 & EWR & LAX & 362 & 2454 & 18 &  0 & 2013-11-03 18:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1827 & 1829 & -2 & 2022 & 2011 &  11 & UA & 1053 & N76265 & EWR & CLE &  63 &  404 & 18 & 29 & 2013-11-03 18:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1832 & 1820 & 12 & 2147 & 2125 &  22 & UA &  288 & N489UA & EWR & FLL & 142 & 1065 & 18 & 20 & 2013-11-03 18:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1851 & 1829 & 22 & 2214 & 2150 &  24 & UA &  418 & N571UA & EWR & SFO & 327 & 2565 & 18 & 29 & 2013-11-03 18:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1854 & 1900 & -6 & 2031 & 2039 &  -8 & UA &  693 & N479UA & LGA & ORD & 115 &  733 & 19 &  0 & 2013-11-03 19:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1858 & 1900 & -2 & 2217 & 2154 &  23 & UA & 1528 & N36280 & EWR & MCO & 136 &  937 & 19 &  0 & 2013-11-03 19:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1900 & 1900 &  0 & 2106 & 2041 &  25 & UA &  237 & N822UA & EWR & ORD & 119 &  719 & 19 &  0 & 2013-11-03 19:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1900 & 1859 &  1 & 2204 & 2159 &   5 & UA & 1128 & N27733 & LGA & IAH & 202 & 1416 & 18 & 59 & 2013-11-03 18:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1901 & 1839 & 22 & 2314 & 2156 &  78 & UA &  389 & N589UA & JFK & SFO & 371 & 2586 & 18 & 39 & 2013-11-03 18:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1909 & 1908 &  1 & 2259 & 2216 &  43 & UA & 1526 & N37466 & EWR & LAX & 358 & 2454 & 19 &  8 & 2013-11-03 19:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1925 & 1916 &  9 & 2230 & 2209 &  21 & UA &  466 & N503UA & EWR & PBI & 142 & 1023 & 19 & 16 & 2013-11-03 19:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1933 & 1759 & 94 & 2259 & 2052 & 127 & UA &  535 & N510UA & JFK & LAX & 344 & 2475 & 17 & 59 & 2013-11-03 17:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1936 & 1935 &  1 & 2254 & 2226 &  28 & UA & 1429 & N73291 & EWR & LAS & 328 & 2227 & 19 & 35 & 2013-11-03 19:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1941 & 1930 & 11 & 2245 & 2233 &  12 & UA & 1466 & N39475 & EWR & TPA & 132 &  997 & 19 & 30 & 2013-11-03 19:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 1951 & 1930 & 21 & 2310 & 2237 &  33 & UA &  208 & N855UA & EWR & SEA & 327 & 2402 & 19 & 30 & 2013-11-03 19:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2000 & 2000 &  0 & 2137 & 2132 &   5 & UA &  695 & N801UA & LGA & ORD & 112 &  733 & 20 &  0 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2003 & 2001 &  2 & 2334 & 2314 &  20 & UA & 1224 & N75435 & EWR & LAX & 346 & 2454 & 20 &  1 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2005 & 2000 &  5 & 2349 & 2328 &  21 & UA & 1651 & N37267 & EWR & SFO & 361 & 2565 & 20 &  0 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2010 & 2009 &  1 & 2132 & 2129 &   3 & UA & 1049 & N15710 & EWR & BOS &  37 &  200 & 20 &  9 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2017 & 2025 & -8 & 2339 & 2318 &  21 & UA &  771 & N512UA & JFK & LAX & 357 & 2475 & 20 & 25 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2023 & 2000 & 23 & 2306 & 2250 &  16 & UA &  352 & N456UA & EWR & IAH & 184 & 1400 & 20 &  0 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2023 & 2021 &  2 & 2154 & 2200 &  -6 & UA & 1464 & N54241 & EWR & CLE &  62 &  404 & 20 & 21 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2027 & 2028 & -1 & 2324 & 2340 & -16 & UA & 1680 & N73445 & EWR & MIA & 141 & 1085 & 20 & 28 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2031 & 2029 &  2 & 2346 & 2335 &  11 & UA &  207 & N813UA & EWR & AUS & 215 & 1504 & 20 & 29 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2031 & 2025 &  6 &  119 &  126 &  -7 & UA & 1071 & N37456 & EWR & BQN & 190 & 1585 & 20 & 25 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2054 & 2059 & -5 & 2201 & 2211 & -10 & UA & 1066 & N78511 & EWR & BOS &  36 &  200 & 20 & 59 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2057 & 2058 & -1 & 2343 & 2357 & -14 & UA & 1416 & N37468 & EWR & MCO & 131 &  937 & 20 & 58 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2103 & 2059 &  4 & 2340 & 2348 &  -8 & UA &  475 & N425UA & EWR & IAH & 186 & 1400 & 20 & 59 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2114 & 2058 & 16 & 2358 &    2 &  -4 & UA &  371 & N417UA & EWR & FLL & 135 & 1065 & 20 & 58 & 2013-11-03 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 3 & 2232 & 2154 & 38 & 2338 & 2306 &  32 & UA &  523 & N405UA & EWR & BOS &  39 &  200 & 21 & 54 & 2013-11-03 21:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "A tibble: 161 × 19\n",
       "\n",
       "| year &lt;int&gt; | month &lt;int&gt; | day &lt;int&gt; | dep_time &lt;int&gt; | sched_dep_time &lt;int&gt; | dep_delay &lt;dbl&gt; | arr_time &lt;int&gt; | sched_arr_time &lt;int&gt; | arr_delay &lt;dbl&gt; | carrier &lt;chr&gt; | flight &lt;int&gt; | tailnum &lt;chr&gt; | origin &lt;chr&gt; | dest &lt;chr&gt; | air_time &lt;dbl&gt; | distance &lt;dbl&gt; | hour &lt;dbl&gt; | minute &lt;dbl&gt; | time_hour &lt;dttm&gt; |\n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 519 | 520 |  -1 |  751 |  800 |  -9 | UA |  322 | N563UA | EWR | IAH | 188 | 1400 | 5 | 20 | 2013-11-03 05:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 553 | 600 |  -7 |  918 |  923 |  -5 | UA |  303 | N512UA | JFK | SFO | 358 | 2586 | 6 |  0 | 2013-11-03 06:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 554 | 600 |  -6 |  709 |  730 | -21 | UA |  279 | N445UA | EWR | ORD | 111 |  719 | 6 |  0 | 2013-11-03 06:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 629 | 629 |   0 |  913 |  928 | -15 | UA |  538 | N418UA | EWR | PBI | 139 | 1023 | 6 | 29 | 2013-11-03 06:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 630 | 629 |   1 |  910 |  915 |  -5 | UA | 1144 | N37409 | EWR | MCO | 134 |  937 | 6 | 29 | 2013-11-03 06:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 632 | 629 |   3 |  947 |  952 |  -5 | UA |  421 | N817UA | EWR | SFO | 345 | 2565 | 6 | 29 | 2013-11-03 06:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 637 | 631 |   6 |  740 |  800 | -20 | UA | 1177 | N54711 | EWR | ORD | 108 |  719 | 6 | 31 | 2013-11-03 06:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 650 | 700 | -10 |  813 |  833 | -20 | UA |  331 | N816UA | LGA | ORD | 113 |  733 | 7 |  0 | 2013-11-03 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 650 | 653 |  -3 |  948 | 1001 | -13 | UA | 1299 | N39418 | EWR | RSW | 155 | 1068 | 6 | 53 | 2013-11-03 06:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 650 | 650 |   0 |  951 |  948 |   3 | UA | 1439 | N38473 | EWR | LAX | 338 | 2454 | 6 | 50 | 2013-11-03 06:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 708 | 715 |  -7 |  938 |  955 | -17 | UA |  260 | N519UA | LGA | IAH | 188 | 1416 | 7 | 15 | 2013-11-03 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 709 | 715 |  -6 |  813 |  829 | -16 | UA |  424 | N460UA | EWR | BOS |  35 |  200 | 7 | 15 | 2013-11-03 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 716 | 723 |  -7 | 1040 | 1025 |  15 | UA |  497 | N526UA | EWR | SFO | 350 | 2565 | 7 | 23 | 2013-11-03 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 723 | 725 |  -2 |  936 |  950 | -14 | UA | 1444 | N15710 | EWR | MSY | 166 | 1167 | 7 | 25 | 2013-11-03 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 726 | 729 |  -3 | 1007 | 1021 | -14 | UA |  443 | N595UA | JFK | LAX | 314 | 2475 | 7 | 29 | 2013-11-03 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 742 | 747 |  -5 | 1222 | 1239 | -17 | UA | 1216 | N39423 | EWR | SJU | 198 | 1608 | 7 | 47 | 2013-11-03 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 744 | 751 |  -7 | 1020 | 1020 |   0 | UA |  866 | N528UA | EWR | LAS | 305 | 2227 | 7 | 51 | 2013-11-03 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 746 | 751 |  -5 | 1100 | 1050 |  10 | UA | 1455 | N57439 | EWR | LAX | 341 | 2454 | 7 | 51 | 2013-11-03 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 747 | 751 |  -4 | 1035 | 1043 |  -8 | UA |  450 | N832UA | EWR | DFW | 198 | 1372 | 7 | 51 | 2013-11-03 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 750 | 800 | -10 | 1028 | 1022 |   6 | UA |  561 | N558UA | LGA | DEN | 247 | 1620 | 8 |  0 | 2013-11-03 08:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 753 | 800 |  -7 |  911 |  933 | -22 | UA |  449 | N802UA | LGA | ORD | 110 |  733 | 8 |  0 | 2013-11-03 08:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 755 | 754 |   1 | 1018 | 1019 |  -1 | UA | 1072 | N39416 | EWR | DEN | 231 | 1605 | 7 | 54 | 2013-11-03 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 758 | 800 |  -2 |  917 |  929 | -12 | UA | 1492 | N38403 | EWR | ORD | 105 |  719 | 8 |  0 | 2013-11-03 08:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 801 | 804 |  -3 | 1107 | 1107 |   0 | UA |  398 | N827UA | EWR | PDX | 328 | 2434 | 8 |  4 | 2013-11-03 08:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 805 | 807 |  -2 | 1054 | 1057 |  -3 | UA | 1154 | N33203 | EWR | TPA | 135 |  997 | 8 |  7 | 2013-11-03 08:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 809 | 729 |  40 | 1049 | 1010 |  39 | UA |  820 | N664UA | EWR | IAH | 187 | 1400 | 7 | 29 | 2013-11-03 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 823 | 825 |  -2 | 1142 | 1148 |  -6 | UA |  397 | N518UA | JFK | SFO | 355 | 2586 | 8 | 25 | 2013-11-03 08:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 826 | 830 |  -4 | 1141 | 1124 |  17 | UA | 1626 | N38268 | EWR | SAN | 335 | 2425 | 8 | 30 | 2013-11-03 08:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 827 | 830 |  -3 | 1151 | 1152 |  -1 | UA | 1668 | N37263 | EWR | SFO | 349 | 2565 | 8 | 30 | 2013-11-03 08:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 830 | 840 | -10 |  956 |  954 |   2 | UA |  994 | N480UA | EWR | BOS |  34 |  200 | 8 | 40 | 2013-11-03 08:00:00 |\n",
       "| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1823 | 1800 | 23 | 2225 | 2114 |  71 | UA | 1064 | N33203 | EWR | LAX | 362 | 2454 | 18 |  0 | 2013-11-03 18:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1827 | 1829 | -2 | 2022 | 2011 |  11 | UA | 1053 | N76265 | EWR | CLE |  63 |  404 | 18 | 29 | 2013-11-03 18:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1832 | 1820 | 12 | 2147 | 2125 |  22 | UA |  288 | N489UA | EWR | FLL | 142 | 1065 | 18 | 20 | 2013-11-03 18:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1851 | 1829 | 22 | 2214 | 2150 |  24 | UA |  418 | N571UA | EWR | SFO | 327 | 2565 | 18 | 29 | 2013-11-03 18:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1854 | 1900 | -6 | 2031 | 2039 |  -8 | UA |  693 | N479UA | LGA | ORD | 115 |  733 | 19 |  0 | 2013-11-03 19:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1858 | 1900 | -2 | 2217 | 2154 |  23 | UA | 1528 | N36280 | EWR | MCO | 136 |  937 | 19 |  0 | 2013-11-03 19:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1900 | 1900 |  0 | 2106 | 2041 |  25 | UA |  237 | N822UA | EWR | ORD | 119 |  719 | 19 |  0 | 2013-11-03 19:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1900 | 1859 |  1 | 2204 | 2159 |   5 | UA | 1128 | N27733 | LGA | IAH | 202 | 1416 | 18 | 59 | 2013-11-03 18:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1901 | 1839 | 22 | 2314 | 2156 |  78 | UA |  389 | N589UA | JFK | SFO | 371 | 2586 | 18 | 39 | 2013-11-03 18:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1909 | 1908 |  1 | 2259 | 2216 |  43 | UA | 1526 | N37466 | EWR | LAX | 358 | 2454 | 19 |  8 | 2013-11-03 19:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1925 | 1916 |  9 | 2230 | 2209 |  21 | UA |  466 | N503UA | EWR | PBI | 142 | 1023 | 19 | 16 | 2013-11-03 19:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1933 | 1759 | 94 | 2259 | 2052 | 127 | UA |  535 | N510UA | JFK | LAX | 344 | 2475 | 17 | 59 | 2013-11-03 17:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1936 | 1935 |  1 | 2254 | 2226 |  28 | UA | 1429 | N73291 | EWR | LAS | 328 | 2227 | 19 | 35 | 2013-11-03 19:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1941 | 1930 | 11 | 2245 | 2233 |  12 | UA | 1466 | N39475 | EWR | TPA | 132 |  997 | 19 | 30 | 2013-11-03 19:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 1951 | 1930 | 21 | 2310 | 2237 |  33 | UA |  208 | N855UA | EWR | SEA | 327 | 2402 | 19 | 30 | 2013-11-03 19:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2000 | 2000 |  0 | 2137 | 2132 |   5 | UA |  695 | N801UA | LGA | ORD | 112 |  733 | 20 |  0 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2003 | 2001 |  2 | 2334 | 2314 |  20 | UA | 1224 | N75435 | EWR | LAX | 346 | 2454 | 20 |  1 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2005 | 2000 |  5 | 2349 | 2328 |  21 | UA | 1651 | N37267 | EWR | SFO | 361 | 2565 | 20 |  0 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2010 | 2009 |  1 | 2132 | 2129 |   3 | UA | 1049 | N15710 | EWR | BOS |  37 |  200 | 20 |  9 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2017 | 2025 | -8 | 2339 | 2318 |  21 | UA |  771 | N512UA | JFK | LAX | 357 | 2475 | 20 | 25 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2023 | 2000 | 23 | 2306 | 2250 |  16 | UA |  352 | N456UA | EWR | IAH | 184 | 1400 | 20 |  0 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2023 | 2021 |  2 | 2154 | 2200 |  -6 | UA | 1464 | N54241 | EWR | CLE |  62 |  404 | 20 | 21 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2027 | 2028 | -1 | 2324 | 2340 | -16 | UA | 1680 | N73445 | EWR | MIA | 141 | 1085 | 20 | 28 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2031 | 2029 |  2 | 2346 | 2335 |  11 | UA |  207 | N813UA | EWR | AUS | 215 | 1504 | 20 | 29 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2031 | 2025 |  6 |  119 |  126 |  -7 | UA | 1071 | N37456 | EWR | BQN | 190 | 1585 | 20 | 25 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2054 | 2059 | -5 | 2201 | 2211 | -10 | UA | 1066 | N78511 | EWR | BOS |  36 |  200 | 20 | 59 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2057 | 2058 | -1 | 2343 | 2357 | -14 | UA | 1416 | N37468 | EWR | MCO | 131 |  937 | 20 | 58 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2103 | 2059 |  4 | 2340 | 2348 |  -8 | UA |  475 | N425UA | EWR | IAH | 186 | 1400 | 20 | 59 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2114 | 2058 | 16 | 2358 |    2 |  -4 | UA |  371 | N417UA | EWR | FLL | 135 | 1065 | 20 | 58 | 2013-11-03 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 3 | 2232 | 2154 | 38 | 2338 | 2306 |  32 | UA |  523 | N405UA | EWR | BOS |  39 |  200 | 21 | 54 | 2013-11-03 21:00:00 |\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "    year month day dep_time sched_dep_time dep_delay arr_time sched_arr_time\n",
       "1   2013 11    3   519      520             -1        751      800          \n",
       "2   2013 11    3   553      600             -7        918      923          \n",
       "3   2013 11    3   554      600             -6        709      730          \n",
       "4   2013 11    3   629      629              0        913      928          \n",
       "5   2013 11    3   630      629              1        910      915          \n",
       "6   2013 11    3   632      629              3        947      952          \n",
       "7   2013 11    3   637      631              6        740      800          \n",
       "8   2013 11    3   650      700            -10        813      833          \n",
       "9   2013 11    3   650      653             -3        948     1001          \n",
       "10  2013 11    3   650      650              0        951      948          \n",
       "11  2013 11    3   708      715             -7        938      955          \n",
       "12  2013 11    3   709      715             -6        813      829          \n",
       "13  2013 11    3   716      723             -7       1040     1025          \n",
       "14  2013 11    3   723      725             -2        936      950          \n",
       "15  2013 11    3   726      729             -3       1007     1021          \n",
       "16  2013 11    3   742      747             -5       1222     1239          \n",
       "17  2013 11    3   744      751             -7       1020     1020          \n",
       "18  2013 11    3   746      751             -5       1100     1050          \n",
       "19  2013 11    3   747      751             -4       1035     1043          \n",
       "20  2013 11    3   750      800            -10       1028     1022          \n",
       "21  2013 11    3   753      800             -7        911      933          \n",
       "22  2013 11    3   755      754              1       1018     1019          \n",
       "23  2013 11    3   758      800             -2        917      929          \n",
       "24  2013 11    3   801      804             -3       1107     1107          \n",
       "25  2013 11    3   805      807             -2       1054     1057          \n",
       "26  2013 11    3   809      729             40       1049     1010          \n",
       "27  2013 11    3   823      825             -2       1142     1148          \n",
       "28  2013 11    3   826      830             -4       1141     1124          \n",
       "29  2013 11    3   827      830             -3       1151     1152          \n",
       "30  2013 11    3   830      840            -10        956      954          \n",
       "... ...  ...   ... ...      ...            ...       ...      ...           \n",
       "132 2013 11    3   1823     1800           23        2225     2114          \n",
       "133 2013 11    3   1827     1829           -2        2022     2011          \n",
       "134 2013 11    3   1832     1820           12        2147     2125          \n",
       "135 2013 11    3   1851     1829           22        2214     2150          \n",
       "136 2013 11    3   1854     1900           -6        2031     2039          \n",
       "137 2013 11    3   1858     1900           -2        2217     2154          \n",
       "138 2013 11    3   1900     1900            0        2106     2041          \n",
       "139 2013 11    3   1900     1859            1        2204     2159          \n",
       "140 2013 11    3   1901     1839           22        2314     2156          \n",
       "141 2013 11    3   1909     1908            1        2259     2216          \n",
       "142 2013 11    3   1925     1916            9        2230     2209          \n",
       "143 2013 11    3   1933     1759           94        2259     2052          \n",
       "144 2013 11    3   1936     1935            1        2254     2226          \n",
       "145 2013 11    3   1941     1930           11        2245     2233          \n",
       "146 2013 11    3   1951     1930           21        2310     2237          \n",
       "147 2013 11    3   2000     2000            0        2137     2132          \n",
       "148 2013 11    3   2003     2001            2        2334     2314          \n",
       "149 2013 11    3   2005     2000            5        2349     2328          \n",
       "150 2013 11    3   2010     2009            1        2132     2129          \n",
       "151 2013 11    3   2017     2025           -8        2339     2318          \n",
       "152 2013 11    3   2023     2000           23        2306     2250          \n",
       "153 2013 11    3   2023     2021            2        2154     2200          \n",
       "154 2013 11    3   2027     2028           -1        2324     2340          \n",
       "155 2013 11    3   2031     2029            2        2346     2335          \n",
       "156 2013 11    3   2031     2025            6         119      126          \n",
       "157 2013 11    3   2054     2059           -5        2201     2211          \n",
       "158 2013 11    3   2057     2058           -1        2343     2357          \n",
       "159 2013 11    3   2103     2059            4        2340     2348          \n",
       "160 2013 11    3   2114     2058           16        2358        2          \n",
       "161 2013 11    3   2232     2154           38        2338     2306          \n",
       "    arr_delay carrier flight tailnum origin dest air_time distance hour minute\n",
       "1    -9       UA       322   N563UA  EWR    IAH  188      1400     5    20    \n",
       "2    -5       UA       303   N512UA  JFK    SFO  358      2586     6     0    \n",
       "3   -21       UA       279   N445UA  EWR    ORD  111       719     6     0    \n",
       "4   -15       UA       538   N418UA  EWR    PBI  139      1023     6    29    \n",
       "5    -5       UA      1144   N37409  EWR    MCO  134       937     6    29    \n",
       "6    -5       UA       421   N817UA  EWR    SFO  345      2565     6    29    \n",
       "7   -20       UA      1177   N54711  EWR    ORD  108       719     6    31    \n",
       "8   -20       UA       331   N816UA  LGA    ORD  113       733     7     0    \n",
       "9   -13       UA      1299   N39418  EWR    RSW  155      1068     6    53    \n",
       "10    3       UA      1439   N38473  EWR    LAX  338      2454     6    50    \n",
       "11  -17       UA       260   N519UA  LGA    IAH  188      1416     7    15    \n",
       "12  -16       UA       424   N460UA  EWR    BOS   35       200     7    15    \n",
       "13   15       UA       497   N526UA  EWR    SFO  350      2565     7    23    \n",
       "14  -14       UA      1444   N15710  EWR    MSY  166      1167     7    25    \n",
       "15  -14       UA       443   N595UA  JFK    LAX  314      2475     7    29    \n",
       "16  -17       UA      1216   N39423  EWR    SJU  198      1608     7    47    \n",
       "17    0       UA       866   N528UA  EWR    LAS  305      2227     7    51    \n",
       "18   10       UA      1455   N57439  EWR    LAX  341      2454     7    51    \n",
       "19   -8       UA       450   N832UA  EWR    DFW  198      1372     7    51    \n",
       "20    6       UA       561   N558UA  LGA    DEN  247      1620     8     0    \n",
       "21  -22       UA       449   N802UA  LGA    ORD  110       733     8     0    \n",
       "22   -1       UA      1072   N39416  EWR    DEN  231      1605     7    54    \n",
       "23  -12       UA      1492   N38403  EWR    ORD  105       719     8     0    \n",
       "24    0       UA       398   N827UA  EWR    PDX  328      2434     8     4    \n",
       "25   -3       UA      1154   N33203  EWR    TPA  135       997     8     7    \n",
       "26   39       UA       820   N664UA  EWR    IAH  187      1400     7    29    \n",
       "27   -6       UA       397   N518UA  JFK    SFO  355      2586     8    25    \n",
       "28   17       UA      1626   N38268  EWR    SAN  335      2425     8    30    \n",
       "29   -1       UA      1668   N37263  EWR    SFO  349      2565     8    30    \n",
       "30    2       UA       994   N480UA  EWR    BOS   34       200     8    40    \n",
       "... ...       ...     ...    ...     ...    ...  ...      ...      ...  ...   \n",
       "132  71       UA      1064   N33203  EWR    LAX  362      2454     18    0    \n",
       "133  11       UA      1053   N76265  EWR    CLE   63       404     18   29    \n",
       "134  22       UA       288   N489UA  EWR    FLL  142      1065     18   20    \n",
       "135  24       UA       418   N571UA  EWR    SFO  327      2565     18   29    \n",
       "136  -8       UA       693   N479UA  LGA    ORD  115       733     19    0    \n",
       "137  23       UA      1528   N36280  EWR    MCO  136       937     19    0    \n",
       "138  25       UA       237   N822UA  EWR    ORD  119       719     19    0    \n",
       "139   5       UA      1128   N27733  LGA    IAH  202      1416     18   59    \n",
       "140  78       UA       389   N589UA  JFK    SFO  371      2586     18   39    \n",
       "141  43       UA      1526   N37466  EWR    LAX  358      2454     19    8    \n",
       "142  21       UA       466   N503UA  EWR    PBI  142      1023     19   16    \n",
       "143 127       UA       535   N510UA  JFK    LAX  344      2475     17   59    \n",
       "144  28       UA      1429   N73291  EWR    LAS  328      2227     19   35    \n",
       "145  12       UA      1466   N39475  EWR    TPA  132       997     19   30    \n",
       "146  33       UA       208   N855UA  EWR    SEA  327      2402     19   30    \n",
       "147   5       UA       695   N801UA  LGA    ORD  112       733     20    0    \n",
       "148  20       UA      1224   N75435  EWR    LAX  346      2454     20    1    \n",
       "149  21       UA      1651   N37267  EWR    SFO  361      2565     20    0    \n",
       "150   3       UA      1049   N15710  EWR    BOS   37       200     20    9    \n",
       "151  21       UA       771   N512UA  JFK    LAX  357      2475     20   25    \n",
       "152  16       UA       352   N456UA  EWR    IAH  184      1400     20    0    \n",
       "153  -6       UA      1464   N54241  EWR    CLE   62       404     20   21    \n",
       "154 -16       UA      1680   N73445  EWR    MIA  141      1085     20   28    \n",
       "155  11       UA       207   N813UA  EWR    AUS  215      1504     20   29    \n",
       "156  -7       UA      1071   N37456  EWR    BQN  190      1585     20   25    \n",
       "157 -10       UA      1066   N78511  EWR    BOS   36       200     20   59    \n",
       "158 -14       UA      1416   N37468  EWR    MCO  131       937     20   58    \n",
       "159  -8       UA       475   N425UA  EWR    IAH  186      1400     20   59    \n",
       "160  -4       UA       371   N417UA  EWR    FLL  135      1065     20   58    \n",
       "161  32       UA       523   N405UA  EWR    BOS   39       200     21   54    \n",
       "    time_hour          \n",
       "1   2013-11-03 05:00:00\n",
       "2   2013-11-03 06:00:00\n",
       "3   2013-11-03 06:00:00\n",
       "4   2013-11-03 06:00:00\n",
       "5   2013-11-03 06:00:00\n",
       "6   2013-11-03 06:00:00\n",
       "7   2013-11-03 06:00:00\n",
       "8   2013-11-03 07:00:00\n",
       "9   2013-11-03 06:00:00\n",
       "10  2013-11-03 06:00:00\n",
       "11  2013-11-03 07:00:00\n",
       "12  2013-11-03 07:00:00\n",
       "13  2013-11-03 07:00:00\n",
       "14  2013-11-03 07:00:00\n",
       "15  2013-11-03 07:00:00\n",
       "16  2013-11-03 07:00:00\n",
       "17  2013-11-03 07:00:00\n",
       "18  2013-11-03 07:00:00\n",
       "19  2013-11-03 07:00:00\n",
       "20  2013-11-03 08:00:00\n",
       "21  2013-11-03 08:00:00\n",
       "22  2013-11-03 07:00:00\n",
       "23  2013-11-03 08:00:00\n",
       "24  2013-11-03 08:00:00\n",
       "25  2013-11-03 08:00:00\n",
       "26  2013-11-03 07:00:00\n",
       "27  2013-11-03 08:00:00\n",
       "28  2013-11-03 08:00:00\n",
       "29  2013-11-03 08:00:00\n",
       "30  2013-11-03 08:00:00\n",
       "... ...                \n",
       "132 2013-11-03 18:00:00\n",
       "133 2013-11-03 18:00:00\n",
       "134 2013-11-03 18:00:00\n",
       "135 2013-11-03 18:00:00\n",
       "136 2013-11-03 19:00:00\n",
       "137 2013-11-03 19:00:00\n",
       "138 2013-11-03 19:00:00\n",
       "139 2013-11-03 18:00:00\n",
       "140 2013-11-03 18:00:00\n",
       "141 2013-11-03 19:00:00\n",
       "142 2013-11-03 19:00:00\n",
       "143 2013-11-03 17:00:00\n",
       "144 2013-11-03 19:00:00\n",
       "145 2013-11-03 19:00:00\n",
       "146 2013-11-03 19:00:00\n",
       "147 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "148 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "149 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "150 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "151 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "152 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "153 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "154 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "155 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "156 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "157 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "158 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "159 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "160 2013-11-03 20:00:00\n",
       "161 2013-11-03 21:00:00"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "flights[flights$month == 11 & flights$day == 3 & flights$carrier == 'UA',  ]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## slice()\n",
    "\n",
    "We can select rows by position using __slice()__"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<caption>A tibble: 10 × 19</caption>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>year</th><th scope=col>month</th><th scope=col>day</th><th scope=col>dep_time</th><th scope=col>sched_dep_time</th><th scope=col>dep_delay</th><th scope=col>arr_time</th><th scope=col>sched_arr_time</th><th scope=col>arr_delay</th><th scope=col>carrier</th><th scope=col>flight</th><th scope=col>tailnum</th><th scope=col>origin</th><th scope=col>dest</th><th scope=col>air_time</th><th scope=col>distance</th><th scope=col>hour</th><th scope=col>minute</th><th scope=col>time_hour</th></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dttm&gt;</th></tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>517</td><td>515</td><td> 2</td><td> 830</td><td> 819</td><td> 11</td><td>UA</td><td>1545</td><td>N14228</td><td>EWR</td><td>IAH</td><td>227</td><td>1400</td><td>5</td><td>15</td><td>2013-01-01 05:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>533</td><td>529</td><td> 4</td><td> 850</td><td> 830</td><td> 20</td><td>UA</td><td>1714</td><td>N24211</td><td>LGA</td><td>IAH</td><td>227</td><td>1416</td><td>5</td><td>29</td><td>2013-01-01 05:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>542</td><td>540</td><td> 2</td><td> 923</td><td> 850</td><td> 33</td><td>AA</td><td>1141</td><td>N619AA</td><td>JFK</td><td>MIA</td><td>160</td><td>1089</td><td>5</td><td>40</td><td>2013-01-01 05:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>544</td><td>545</td><td>-1</td><td>1004</td><td>1022</td><td>-18</td><td>B6</td><td> 725</td><td>N804JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>BQN</td><td>183</td><td>1576</td><td>5</td><td>45</td><td>2013-01-01 05:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>554</td><td>600</td><td>-6</td><td> 812</td><td> 837</td><td>-25</td><td>DL</td><td> 461</td><td>N668DN</td><td>LGA</td><td>ATL</td><td>116</td><td> 762</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>554</td><td>558</td><td>-4</td><td> 740</td><td> 728</td><td> 12</td><td>UA</td><td>1696</td><td>N39463</td><td>EWR</td><td>ORD</td><td>150</td><td> 719</td><td>5</td><td>58</td><td>2013-01-01 05:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>555</td><td>600</td><td>-5</td><td> 913</td><td> 854</td><td> 19</td><td>B6</td><td> 507</td><td>N516JB</td><td>EWR</td><td>FLL</td><td>158</td><td>1065</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>557</td><td>600</td><td>-3</td><td> 709</td><td> 723</td><td>-14</td><td>EV</td><td>5708</td><td>N829AS</td><td>LGA</td><td>IAD</td><td> 53</td><td> 229</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>557</td><td>600</td><td>-3</td><td> 838</td><td> 846</td><td> -8</td><td>B6</td><td>  79</td><td>N593JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>MCO</td><td>140</td><td> 944</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>558</td><td>600</td><td>-2</td><td> 753</td><td> 745</td><td>  8</td><td>AA</td><td> 301</td><td>N3ALAA</td><td>LGA</td><td>ORD</td><td>138</td><td> 733</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "A tibble: 10 × 19\n",
       "\\begin{tabular}{lllllllllllllllllll}\n",
       " year & month & day & dep\\_time & sched\\_dep\\_time & dep\\_delay & arr\\_time & sched\\_arr\\_time & arr\\_delay & carrier & flight & tailnum & origin & dest & air\\_time & distance & hour & minute & time\\_hour\\\\\n",
       " <int> & <int> & <int> & <int> & <int> & <dbl> & <int> & <int> & <dbl> & <chr> & <int> & <chr> & <chr> & <chr> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dttm>\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 517 & 515 &  2 &  830 &  819 &  11 & UA & 1545 & N14228 & EWR & IAH & 227 & 1400 & 5 & 15 & 2013-01-01 05:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 533 & 529 &  4 &  850 &  830 &  20 & UA & 1714 & N24211 & LGA & IAH & 227 & 1416 & 5 & 29 & 2013-01-01 05:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 542 & 540 &  2 &  923 &  850 &  33 & AA & 1141 & N619AA & JFK & MIA & 160 & 1089 & 5 & 40 & 2013-01-01 05:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 544 & 545 & -1 & 1004 & 1022 & -18 & B6 &  725 & N804JB & JFK & BQN & 183 & 1576 & 5 & 45 & 2013-01-01 05:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 554 & 600 & -6 &  812 &  837 & -25 & DL &  461 & N668DN & LGA & ATL & 116 &  762 & 6 &  0 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 554 & 558 & -4 &  740 &  728 &  12 & UA & 1696 & N39463 & EWR & ORD & 150 &  719 & 5 & 58 & 2013-01-01 05:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 555 & 600 & -5 &  913 &  854 &  19 & B6 &  507 & N516JB & EWR & FLL & 158 & 1065 & 6 &  0 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 557 & 600 & -3 &  709 &  723 & -14 & EV & 5708 & N829AS & LGA & IAD &  53 &  229 & 6 &  0 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 557 & 600 & -3 &  838 &  846 &  -8 & B6 &   79 & N593JB & JFK & MCO & 140 &  944 & 6 &  0 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 558 & 600 & -2 &  753 &  745 &   8 & AA &  301 & N3ALAA & LGA & ORD & 138 &  733 & 6 &  0 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "A tibble: 10 × 19\n",
       "\n",
       "| year &lt;int&gt; | month &lt;int&gt; | day &lt;int&gt; | dep_time &lt;int&gt; | sched_dep_time &lt;int&gt; | dep_delay &lt;dbl&gt; | arr_time &lt;int&gt; | sched_arr_time &lt;int&gt; | arr_delay &lt;dbl&gt; | carrier &lt;chr&gt; | flight &lt;int&gt; | tailnum &lt;chr&gt; | origin &lt;chr&gt; | dest &lt;chr&gt; | air_time &lt;dbl&gt; | distance &lt;dbl&gt; | hour &lt;dbl&gt; | minute &lt;dbl&gt; | time_hour &lt;dttm&gt; |\n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 517 | 515 |  2 |  830 |  819 |  11 | UA | 1545 | N14228 | EWR | IAH | 227 | 1400 | 5 | 15 | 2013-01-01 05:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 533 | 529 |  4 |  850 |  830 |  20 | UA | 1714 | N24211 | LGA | IAH | 227 | 1416 | 5 | 29 | 2013-01-01 05:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 542 | 540 |  2 |  923 |  850 |  33 | AA | 1141 | N619AA | JFK | MIA | 160 | 1089 | 5 | 40 | 2013-01-01 05:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 544 | 545 | -1 | 1004 | 1022 | -18 | B6 |  725 | N804JB | JFK | BQN | 183 | 1576 | 5 | 45 | 2013-01-01 05:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 554 | 600 | -6 |  812 |  837 | -25 | DL |  461 | N668DN | LGA | ATL | 116 |  762 | 6 |  0 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 554 | 558 | -4 |  740 |  728 |  12 | UA | 1696 | N39463 | EWR | ORD | 150 |  719 | 5 | 58 | 2013-01-01 05:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 555 | 600 | -5 |  913 |  854 |  19 | B6 |  507 | N516JB | EWR | FLL | 158 | 1065 | 6 |  0 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 557 | 600 | -3 |  709 |  723 | -14 | EV | 5708 | N829AS | LGA | IAD |  53 |  229 | 6 |  0 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 557 | 600 | -3 |  838 |  846 |  -8 | B6 |   79 | N593JB | JFK | MCO | 140 |  944 | 6 |  0 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 558 | 600 | -2 |  753 |  745 |   8 | AA |  301 | N3ALAA | LGA | ORD | 138 |  733 | 6 |  0 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 |\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   year month day dep_time sched_dep_time dep_delay arr_time sched_arr_time\n",
       "1  2013 1     1   517      515             2         830      819          \n",
       "2  2013 1     1   533      529             4         850      830          \n",
       "3  2013 1     1   542      540             2         923      850          \n",
       "4  2013 1     1   544      545            -1        1004     1022          \n",
       "5  2013 1     1   554      600            -6         812      837          \n",
       "6  2013 1     1   554      558            -4         740      728          \n",
       "7  2013 1     1   555      600            -5         913      854          \n",
       "8  2013 1     1   557      600            -3         709      723          \n",
       "9  2013 1     1   557      600            -3         838      846          \n",
       "10 2013 1     1   558      600            -2         753      745          \n",
       "   arr_delay carrier flight tailnum origin dest air_time distance hour minute\n",
       "1   11       UA      1545   N14228  EWR    IAH  227      1400     5    15    \n",
       "2   20       UA      1714   N24211  LGA    IAH  227      1416     5    29    \n",
       "3   33       AA      1141   N619AA  JFK    MIA  160      1089     5    40    \n",
       "4  -18       B6       725   N804JB  JFK    BQN  183      1576     5    45    \n",
       "5  -25       DL       461   N668DN  LGA    ATL  116       762     6     0    \n",
       "6   12       UA      1696   N39463  EWR    ORD  150       719     5    58    \n",
       "7   19       B6       507   N516JB  EWR    FLL  158      1065     6     0    \n",
       "8  -14       EV      5708   N829AS  LGA    IAD   53       229     6     0    \n",
       "9   -8       B6        79   N593JB  JFK    MCO  140       944     6     0    \n",
       "10   8       AA       301   N3ALAA  LGA    ORD  138       733     6     0    \n",
       "   time_hour          \n",
       "1  2013-01-01 05:00:00\n",
       "2  2013-01-01 05:00:00\n",
       "3  2013-01-01 05:00:00\n",
       "4  2013-01-01 05:00:00\n",
       "5  2013-01-01 06:00:00\n",
       "6  2013-01-01 05:00:00\n",
       "7  2013-01-01 06:00:00\n",
       "8  2013-01-01 06:00:00\n",
       "9  2013-01-01 06:00:00\n",
       "10 2013-01-01 06:00:00"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "slice(flights,1:10) # returns the rows between 1 and 10"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## arrange()\n",
    "arrange() works similarly to filter() except that instead of filtering or selecting rows, it reorders them. It takes a data frame, and a set of column names (or more complicated expressions) to order by. If you provide more than one column name, each additional column will be used to break ties in the values of preceding columns:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<caption>A tibble: 6 × 19</caption>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>year</th><th scope=col>month</th><th scope=col>day</th><th scope=col>dep_time</th><th scope=col>sched_dep_time</th><th scope=col>dep_delay</th><th scope=col>arr_time</th><th scope=col>sched_arr_time</th><th scope=col>arr_delay</th><th scope=col>carrier</th><th scope=col>flight</th><th scope=col>tailnum</th><th scope=col>origin</th><th scope=col>dest</th><th scope=col>air_time</th><th scope=col>distance</th><th scope=col>hour</th><th scope=col>minute</th><th scope=col>time_hour</th></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dttm&gt;</th></tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1929</td><td>1920</td><td>  9</td><td> 3</td><td>   7</td><td> -4</td><td>UA</td><td>1071</td><td>N27205</td><td>EWR</td><td>BQN</td><td>192</td><td>1585</td><td>19</td><td>20</td><td>2013-01-01 19:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2121</td><td>2040</td><td> 41</td><td> 6</td><td>2323</td><td> 43</td><td>B6</td><td> 227</td><td>N307JB</td><td>EWR</td><td>MCO</td><td>143</td><td> 937</td><td>20</td><td>40</td><td>2013-01-01 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2058</td><td>2100</td><td> -2</td><td> 8</td><td>2359</td><td>  9</td><td>UA</td><td>1241</td><td>N27724</td><td>EWR</td><td>TPA</td><td>159</td><td> 997</td><td>21</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-01-01 21:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2120</td><td>2130</td><td>-10</td><td>16</td><td>  18</td><td> -2</td><td>B6</td><td> 383</td><td>N603JB</td><td>LGA</td><td>FLL</td><td>160</td><td>1076</td><td>21</td><td>30</td><td>2013-01-01 21:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2134</td><td>2045</td><td> 49</td><td>20</td><td>2352</td><td> 28</td><td>UA</td><td>1106</td><td>N27733</td><td>EWR</td><td>FLL</td><td>152</td><td>1065</td><td>20</td><td>45</td><td>2013-01-01 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2312</td><td>2000</td><td>192</td><td>21</td><td>2110</td><td>191</td><td>EV</td><td>4312</td><td>N13958</td><td>EWR</td><td>DCA</td><td> 44</td><td> 199</td><td>20</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-01-01 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "A tibble: 6 × 19\n",
       "\\begin{tabular}{lllllllllllllllllll}\n",
       " year & month & day & dep\\_time & sched\\_dep\\_time & dep\\_delay & arr\\_time & sched\\_arr\\_time & arr\\_delay & carrier & flight & tailnum & origin & dest & air\\_time & distance & hour & minute & time\\_hour\\\\\n",
       " <int> & <int> & <int> & <int> & <int> & <dbl> & <int> & <int> & <dbl> & <chr> & <int> & <chr> & <chr> & <chr> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dttm>\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 1929 & 1920 &   9 &  3 &    7 &  -4 & UA & 1071 & N27205 & EWR & BQN & 192 & 1585 & 19 & 20 & 2013-01-01 19:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 2121 & 2040 &  41 &  6 & 2323 &  43 & B6 &  227 & N307JB & EWR & MCO & 143 &  937 & 20 & 40 & 2013-01-01 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 2058 & 2100 &  -2 &  8 & 2359 &   9 & UA & 1241 & N27724 & EWR & TPA & 159 &  997 & 21 &  0 & 2013-01-01 21:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 2120 & 2130 & -10 & 16 &   18 &  -2 & B6 &  383 & N603JB & LGA & FLL & 160 & 1076 & 21 & 30 & 2013-01-01 21:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 2134 & 2045 &  49 & 20 & 2352 &  28 & UA & 1106 & N27733 & EWR & FLL & 152 & 1065 & 20 & 45 & 2013-01-01 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 2312 & 2000 & 192 & 21 & 2110 & 191 & EV & 4312 & N13958 & EWR & DCA &  44 &  199 & 20 &  0 & 2013-01-01 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "A tibble: 6 × 19\n",
       "\n",
       "| year &lt;int&gt; | month &lt;int&gt; | day &lt;int&gt; | dep_time &lt;int&gt; | sched_dep_time &lt;int&gt; | dep_delay &lt;dbl&gt; | arr_time &lt;int&gt; | sched_arr_time &lt;int&gt; | arr_delay &lt;dbl&gt; | carrier &lt;chr&gt; | flight &lt;int&gt; | tailnum &lt;chr&gt; | origin &lt;chr&gt; | dest &lt;chr&gt; | air_time &lt;dbl&gt; | distance &lt;dbl&gt; | hour &lt;dbl&gt; | minute &lt;dbl&gt; | time_hour &lt;dttm&gt; |\n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 1929 | 1920 |   9 |  3 |    7 |  -4 | UA | 1071 | N27205 | EWR | BQN | 192 | 1585 | 19 | 20 | 2013-01-01 19:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 2121 | 2040 |  41 |  6 | 2323 |  43 | B6 |  227 | N307JB | EWR | MCO | 143 |  937 | 20 | 40 | 2013-01-01 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 2058 | 2100 |  -2 |  8 | 2359 |   9 | UA | 1241 | N27724 | EWR | TPA | 159 |  997 | 21 |  0 | 2013-01-01 21:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 2120 | 2130 | -10 | 16 |   18 |  -2 | B6 |  383 | N603JB | LGA | FLL | 160 | 1076 | 21 | 30 | 2013-01-01 21:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 2134 | 2045 |  49 | 20 | 2352 |  28 | UA | 1106 | N27733 | EWR | FLL | 152 | 1065 | 20 | 45 | 2013-01-01 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 2312 | 2000 | 192 | 21 | 2110 | 191 | EV | 4312 | N13958 | EWR | DCA |  44 |  199 | 20 |  0 | 2013-01-01 20:00:00 |\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  year month day dep_time sched_dep_time dep_delay arr_time sched_arr_time\n",
       "1 2013 1     1   1929     1920             9        3          7          \n",
       "2 2013 1     1   2121     2040            41        6       2323          \n",
       "3 2013 1     1   2058     2100            -2        8       2359          \n",
       "4 2013 1     1   2120     2130           -10       16         18          \n",
       "5 2013 1     1   2134     2045            49       20       2352          \n",
       "6 2013 1     1   2312     2000           192       21       2110          \n",
       "  arr_delay carrier flight tailnum origin dest air_time distance hour minute\n",
       "1  -4       UA      1071   N27205  EWR    BQN  192      1585     19   20    \n",
       "2  43       B6       227   N307JB  EWR    MCO  143       937     20   40    \n",
       "3   9       UA      1241   N27724  EWR    TPA  159       997     21    0    \n",
       "4  -2       B6       383   N603JB  LGA    FLL  160      1076     21   30    \n",
       "5  28       UA      1106   N27733  EWR    FLL  152      1065     20   45    \n",
       "6 191       EV      4312   N13958  EWR    DCA   44       199     20    0    \n",
       "  time_hour          \n",
       "1 2013-01-01 19:00:00\n",
       "2 2013-01-01 20:00:00\n",
       "3 2013-01-01 21:00:00\n",
       "4 2013-01-01 21:00:00\n",
       "5 2013-01-01 20:00:00\n",
       "6 2013-01-01 20:00:00"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "head(arrange(flights, year,month,day,arr_time))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "You can add desc() to arrange in descending order:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<caption>A tibble: 6 × 19</caption>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>year</th><th scope=col>month</th><th scope=col>day</th><th scope=col>dep_time</th><th scope=col>sched_dep_time</th><th scope=col>dep_delay</th><th scope=col>arr_time</th><th scope=col>sched_arr_time</th><th scope=col>arr_delay</th><th scope=col>carrier</th><th scope=col>flight</th><th scope=col>tailnum</th><th scope=col>origin</th><th scope=col>dest</th><th scope=col>air_time</th><th scope=col>distance</th><th scope=col>hour</th><th scope=col>minute</th><th scope=col>time_hour</th></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dttm&gt;</th></tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2209</td><td>2155</td><td> 14</td><td>2400</td><td>2337</td><td> 23</td><td>B6</td><td>1109</td><td>N216JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>RDU</td><td> 86</td><td> 427</td><td>21</td><td>55</td><td>2013-01-01 21:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1952</td><td>1930</td><td> 22</td><td>2358</td><td>2207</td><td> NA</td><td>EV</td><td>4333</td><td>N11194</td><td>EWR</td><td>TUL</td><td> NA</td><td>1215</td><td>19</td><td>30</td><td>2013-01-01 19:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2025</td><td>2028</td><td> -3</td><td>2358</td><td>2351</td><td>  7</td><td>UA</td><td>1615</td><td>N76516</td><td>EWR</td><td>AUS</td><td>248</td><td>1504</td><td>20</td><td>28</td><td>2013-01-01 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2119</td><td>1930</td><td>109</td><td>2358</td><td>2136</td><td>142</td><td>EV</td><td>4543</td><td>N13123</td><td>EWR</td><td>DSM</td><td>200</td><td>1017</td><td>19</td><td>30</td><td>2013-01-01 19:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2052</td><td>2045</td><td>  7</td><td>2357</td><td>2359</td><td> -2</td><td>B6</td><td> 147</td><td>N535JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>RSW</td><td>163</td><td>1074</td><td>20</td><td>45</td><td>2013-01-01 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2030</td><td>2035</td><td> -5</td><td>2354</td><td>2342</td><td> 12</td><td>B6</td><td> 629</td><td>N192JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>HOU</td><td>245</td><td>1428</td><td>20</td><td>35</td><td>2013-01-01 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "A tibble: 6 × 19\n",
       "\\begin{tabular}{lllllllllllllllllll}\n",
       " year & month & day & dep\\_time & sched\\_dep\\_time & dep\\_delay & arr\\_time & sched\\_arr\\_time & arr\\_delay & carrier & flight & tailnum & origin & dest & air\\_time & distance & hour & minute & time\\_hour\\\\\n",
       " <int> & <int> & <int> & <int> & <int> & <dbl> & <int> & <int> & <dbl> & <chr> & <int> & <chr> & <chr> & <chr> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dttm>\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 2209 & 2155 &  14 & 2400 & 2337 &  23 & B6 & 1109 & N216JB & JFK & RDU &  86 &  427 & 21 & 55 & 2013-01-01 21:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 1952 & 1930 &  22 & 2358 & 2207 &  NA & EV & 4333 & N11194 & EWR & TUL &  NA & 1215 & 19 & 30 & 2013-01-01 19:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 2025 & 2028 &  -3 & 2358 & 2351 &   7 & UA & 1615 & N76516 & EWR & AUS & 248 & 1504 & 20 & 28 & 2013-01-01 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 2119 & 1930 & 109 & 2358 & 2136 & 142 & EV & 4543 & N13123 & EWR & DSM & 200 & 1017 & 19 & 30 & 2013-01-01 19:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 2052 & 2045 &   7 & 2357 & 2359 &  -2 & B6 &  147 & N535JB & JFK & RSW & 163 & 1074 & 20 & 45 & 2013-01-01 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 2030 & 2035 &  -5 & 2354 & 2342 &  12 & B6 &  629 & N192JB & JFK & HOU & 245 & 1428 & 20 & 35 & 2013-01-01 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "A tibble: 6 × 19\n",
       "\n",
       "| year &lt;int&gt; | month &lt;int&gt; | day &lt;int&gt; | dep_time &lt;int&gt; | sched_dep_time &lt;int&gt; | dep_delay &lt;dbl&gt; | arr_time &lt;int&gt; | sched_arr_time &lt;int&gt; | arr_delay &lt;dbl&gt; | carrier &lt;chr&gt; | flight &lt;int&gt; | tailnum &lt;chr&gt; | origin &lt;chr&gt; | dest &lt;chr&gt; | air_time &lt;dbl&gt; | distance &lt;dbl&gt; | hour &lt;dbl&gt; | minute &lt;dbl&gt; | time_hour &lt;dttm&gt; |\n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 2209 | 2155 |  14 | 2400 | 2337 |  23 | B6 | 1109 | N216JB | JFK | RDU |  86 |  427 | 21 | 55 | 2013-01-01 21:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 1952 | 1930 |  22 | 2358 | 2207 |  NA | EV | 4333 | N11194 | EWR | TUL |  NA | 1215 | 19 | 30 | 2013-01-01 19:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 2025 | 2028 |  -3 | 2358 | 2351 |   7 | UA | 1615 | N76516 | EWR | AUS | 248 | 1504 | 20 | 28 | 2013-01-01 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 2119 | 1930 | 109 | 2358 | 2136 | 142 | EV | 4543 | N13123 | EWR | DSM | 200 | 1017 | 19 | 30 | 2013-01-01 19:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 2052 | 2045 |   7 | 2357 | 2359 |  -2 | B6 |  147 | N535JB | JFK | RSW | 163 | 1074 | 20 | 45 | 2013-01-01 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 2030 | 2035 |  -5 | 2354 | 2342 |  12 | B6 |  629 | N192JB | JFK | HOU | 245 | 1428 | 20 | 35 | 2013-01-01 20:00:00 |\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  year month day dep_time sched_dep_time dep_delay arr_time sched_arr_time\n",
       "1 2013 1     1   2209     2155            14       2400     2337          \n",
       "2 2013 1     1   1952     1930            22       2358     2207          \n",
       "3 2013 1     1   2025     2028            -3       2358     2351          \n",
       "4 2013 1     1   2119     1930           109       2358     2136          \n",
       "5 2013 1     1   2052     2045             7       2357     2359          \n",
       "6 2013 1     1   2030     2035            -5       2354     2342          \n",
       "  arr_delay carrier flight tailnum origin dest air_time distance hour minute\n",
       "1  23       B6      1109   N216JB  JFK    RDU   86       427     21   55    \n",
       "2  NA       EV      4333   N11194  EWR    TUL   NA      1215     19   30    \n",
       "3   7       UA      1615   N76516  EWR    AUS  248      1504     20   28    \n",
       "4 142       EV      4543   N13123  EWR    DSM  200      1017     19   30    \n",
       "5  -2       B6       147   N535JB  JFK    RSW  163      1074     20   45    \n",
       "6  12       B6       629   N192JB  JFK    HOU  245      1428     20   35    \n",
       "  time_hour          \n",
       "1 2013-01-01 21:00:00\n",
       "2 2013-01-01 19:00:00\n",
       "3 2013-01-01 20:00:00\n",
       "4 2013-01-01 19:00:00\n",
       "5 2013-01-01 20:00:00\n",
       "6 2013-01-01 20:00:00"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "head(arrange(flights, year,month,day,desc(arr_time)))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## select()\n",
    "Often you work with large datasets with many columns but only a few are actually of interest to you. select() allows you to rapidly zoom in on a useful subset using operations that usually only work on numeric variable positions:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<caption>A tibble: 6 × 1</caption>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>carrier</th></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th></tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>UA</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>UA</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>AA</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>B6</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>DL</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>UA</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "A tibble: 6 × 1\n",
       "\\begin{tabular}{l}\n",
       " carrier\\\\\n",
       " <chr>\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t UA\\\\\n",
       "\t UA\\\\\n",
       "\t AA\\\\\n",
       "\t B6\\\\\n",
       "\t DL\\\\\n",
       "\t UA\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "A tibble: 6 × 1\n",
       "\n",
       "| carrier &lt;chr&gt; |\n",
       "|---|\n",
       "| UA |\n",
       "| UA |\n",
       "| AA |\n",
       "| B6 |\n",
       "| DL |\n",
       "| UA |\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  carrier\n",
       "1 UA     \n",
       "2 UA     \n",
       "3 AA     \n",
       "4 B6     \n",
       "5 DL     \n",
       "6 UA     "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "head(select(flights,carrier))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 58,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<caption>A tibble: 6 × 3</caption>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>carrier</th><th scope=col>arr_time</th><th scope=col>month</th></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th></tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>UA</td><td> 830</td><td>1</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>UA</td><td> 850</td><td>1</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>AA</td><td> 923</td><td>1</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>B6</td><td>1004</td><td>1</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>DL</td><td> 812</td><td>1</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>UA</td><td> 740</td><td>1</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "A tibble: 6 × 3\n",
       "\\begin{tabular}{lll}\n",
       " carrier & arr\\_time & month\\\\\n",
       " <chr> & <int> & <int>\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t UA &  830 & 1\\\\\n",
       "\t UA &  850 & 1\\\\\n",
       "\t AA &  923 & 1\\\\\n",
       "\t B6 & 1004 & 1\\\\\n",
       "\t DL &  812 & 1\\\\\n",
       "\t UA &  740 & 1\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "A tibble: 6 × 3\n",
       "\n",
       "| carrier &lt;chr&gt; | arr_time &lt;int&gt; | month &lt;int&gt; |\n",
       "|---|---|---|\n",
       "| UA |  830 | 1 |\n",
       "| UA |  850 | 1 |\n",
       "| AA |  923 | 1 |\n",
       "| B6 | 1004 | 1 |\n",
       "| DL |  812 | 1 |\n",
       "| UA |  740 | 1 |\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  carrier arr_time month\n",
       "1 UA       830     1    \n",
       "2 UA       850     1    \n",
       "3 AA       923     1    \n",
       "4 B6      1004     1    \n",
       "5 DL       812     1    \n",
       "6 UA       740     1    "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "head(select(flights,carrier,arr_time,month))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# rename()\n",
    "You can use rename() to rename columns, note this is not \"in-place\" you'll need to reassign the renamed data structures."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<caption>A tibble: 6 × 19</caption>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>year</th><th scope=col>month</th><th scope=col>day</th><th scope=col>dep_time</th><th scope=col>sched_dep_time</th><th scope=col>dep_delay</th><th scope=col>arr_time</th><th scope=col>sched_arr_time</th><th scope=col>arr_delay</th><th scope=col>airline_carrier</th><th scope=col>flight</th><th scope=col>tailnum</th><th scope=col>origin</th><th scope=col>dest</th><th scope=col>air_time</th><th scope=col>distance</th><th scope=col>hour</th><th scope=col>minute</th><th scope=col>time_hour</th></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dttm&gt;</th></tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>517</td><td>515</td><td> 2</td><td> 830</td><td> 819</td><td> 11</td><td>UA</td><td>1545</td><td>N14228</td><td>EWR</td><td>IAH</td><td>227</td><td>1400</td><td>5</td><td>15</td><td>2013-01-01 05:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>533</td><td>529</td><td> 4</td><td> 850</td><td> 830</td><td> 20</td><td>UA</td><td>1714</td><td>N24211</td><td>LGA</td><td>IAH</td><td>227</td><td>1416</td><td>5</td><td>29</td><td>2013-01-01 05:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>542</td><td>540</td><td> 2</td><td> 923</td><td> 850</td><td> 33</td><td>AA</td><td>1141</td><td>N619AA</td><td>JFK</td><td>MIA</td><td>160</td><td>1089</td><td>5</td><td>40</td><td>2013-01-01 05:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>544</td><td>545</td><td>-1</td><td>1004</td><td>1022</td><td>-18</td><td>B6</td><td> 725</td><td>N804JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>BQN</td><td>183</td><td>1576</td><td>5</td><td>45</td><td>2013-01-01 05:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>554</td><td>600</td><td>-6</td><td> 812</td><td> 837</td><td>-25</td><td>DL</td><td> 461</td><td>N668DN</td><td>LGA</td><td>ATL</td><td>116</td><td> 762</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>554</td><td>558</td><td>-4</td><td> 740</td><td> 728</td><td> 12</td><td>UA</td><td>1696</td><td>N39463</td><td>EWR</td><td>ORD</td><td>150</td><td> 719</td><td>5</td><td>58</td><td>2013-01-01 05:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "A tibble: 6 × 19\n",
       "\\begin{tabular}{lllllllllllllllllll}\n",
       " year & month & day & dep\\_time & sched\\_dep\\_time & dep\\_delay & arr\\_time & sched\\_arr\\_time & arr\\_delay & airline\\_carrier & flight & tailnum & origin & dest & air\\_time & distance & hour & minute & time\\_hour\\\\\n",
       " <int> & <int> & <int> & <int> & <int> & <dbl> & <int> & <int> & <dbl> & <chr> & <int> & <chr> & <chr> & <chr> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dttm>\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 517 & 515 &  2 &  830 &  819 &  11 & UA & 1545 & N14228 & EWR & IAH & 227 & 1400 & 5 & 15 & 2013-01-01 05:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 533 & 529 &  4 &  850 &  830 &  20 & UA & 1714 & N24211 & LGA & IAH & 227 & 1416 & 5 & 29 & 2013-01-01 05:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 542 & 540 &  2 &  923 &  850 &  33 & AA & 1141 & N619AA & JFK & MIA & 160 & 1089 & 5 & 40 & 2013-01-01 05:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 544 & 545 & -1 & 1004 & 1022 & -18 & B6 &  725 & N804JB & JFK & BQN & 183 & 1576 & 5 & 45 & 2013-01-01 05:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 554 & 600 & -6 &  812 &  837 & -25 & DL &  461 & N668DN & LGA & ATL & 116 &  762 & 6 &  0 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 554 & 558 & -4 &  740 &  728 &  12 & UA & 1696 & N39463 & EWR & ORD & 150 &  719 & 5 & 58 & 2013-01-01 05:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "A tibble: 6 × 19\n",
       "\n",
       "| year &lt;int&gt; | month &lt;int&gt; | day &lt;int&gt; | dep_time &lt;int&gt; | sched_dep_time &lt;int&gt; | dep_delay &lt;dbl&gt; | arr_time &lt;int&gt; | sched_arr_time &lt;int&gt; | arr_delay &lt;dbl&gt; | airline_carrier &lt;chr&gt; | flight &lt;int&gt; | tailnum &lt;chr&gt; | origin &lt;chr&gt; | dest &lt;chr&gt; | air_time &lt;dbl&gt; | distance &lt;dbl&gt; | hour &lt;dbl&gt; | minute &lt;dbl&gt; | time_hour &lt;dttm&gt; |\n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 517 | 515 |  2 |  830 |  819 |  11 | UA | 1545 | N14228 | EWR | IAH | 227 | 1400 | 5 | 15 | 2013-01-01 05:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 533 | 529 |  4 |  850 |  830 |  20 | UA | 1714 | N24211 | LGA | IAH | 227 | 1416 | 5 | 29 | 2013-01-01 05:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 542 | 540 |  2 |  923 |  850 |  33 | AA | 1141 | N619AA | JFK | MIA | 160 | 1089 | 5 | 40 | 2013-01-01 05:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 544 | 545 | -1 | 1004 | 1022 | -18 | B6 |  725 | N804JB | JFK | BQN | 183 | 1576 | 5 | 45 | 2013-01-01 05:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 554 | 600 | -6 |  812 |  837 | -25 | DL |  461 | N668DN | LGA | ATL | 116 |  762 | 6 |  0 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 554 | 558 | -4 |  740 |  728 |  12 | UA | 1696 | N39463 | EWR | ORD | 150 |  719 | 5 | 58 | 2013-01-01 05:00:00 |\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  year month day dep_time sched_dep_time dep_delay arr_time sched_arr_time\n",
       "1 2013 1     1   517      515             2         830      819          \n",
       "2 2013 1     1   533      529             4         850      830          \n",
       "3 2013 1     1   542      540             2         923      850          \n",
       "4 2013 1     1   544      545            -1        1004     1022          \n",
       "5 2013 1     1   554      600            -6         812      837          \n",
       "6 2013 1     1   554      558            -4         740      728          \n",
       "  arr_delay airline_carrier flight tailnum origin dest air_time distance hour\n",
       "1  11       UA              1545   N14228  EWR    IAH  227      1400     5   \n",
       "2  20       UA              1714   N24211  LGA    IAH  227      1416     5   \n",
       "3  33       AA              1141   N619AA  JFK    MIA  160      1089     5   \n",
       "4 -18       B6               725   N804JB  JFK    BQN  183      1576     5   \n",
       "5 -25       DL               461   N668DN  LGA    ATL  116       762     6   \n",
       "6  12       UA              1696   N39463  EWR    ORD  150       719     5   \n",
       "  minute time_hour          \n",
       "1 15     2013-01-01 05:00:00\n",
       "2 29     2013-01-01 05:00:00\n",
       "3 40     2013-01-01 05:00:00\n",
       "4 45     2013-01-01 05:00:00\n",
       "5  0     2013-01-01 06:00:00\n",
       "6 58     2013-01-01 05:00:00"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "head(rename(flights, airline_carrier = carrier))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# distinct()\n",
    "A common use of select() is to find the values of a set of variables. This is particularly useful in conjunction with the distinct() verb which only returns the unique values in a table."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<caption>A tibble: 16 × 1</caption>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>carrier</th></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th></tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>UA</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>AA</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>B6</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>DL</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>EV</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>MQ</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>US</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>WN</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>VX</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>FL</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>AS</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>9E</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>F9</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>HA</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>YV</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>OO</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "A tibble: 16 × 1\n",
       "\\begin{tabular}{l}\n",
       " carrier\\\\\n",
       " <chr>\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t UA\\\\\n",
       "\t AA\\\\\n",
       "\t B6\\\\\n",
       "\t DL\\\\\n",
       "\t EV\\\\\n",
       "\t MQ\\\\\n",
       "\t US\\\\\n",
       "\t WN\\\\\n",
       "\t VX\\\\\n",
       "\t FL\\\\\n",
       "\t AS\\\\\n",
       "\t 9E\\\\\n",
       "\t F9\\\\\n",
       "\t HA\\\\\n",
       "\t YV\\\\\n",
       "\t OO\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "A tibble: 16 × 1\n",
       "\n",
       "| carrier &lt;chr&gt; |\n",
       "|---|\n",
       "| UA |\n",
       "| AA |\n",
       "| B6 |\n",
       "| DL |\n",
       "| EV |\n",
       "| MQ |\n",
       "| US |\n",
       "| WN |\n",
       "| VX |\n",
       "| FL |\n",
       "| AS |\n",
       "| 9E |\n",
       "| F9 |\n",
       "| HA |\n",
       "| YV |\n",
       "| OO |\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   carrier\n",
       "1  UA     \n",
       "2  AA     \n",
       "3  B6     \n",
       "4  DL     \n",
       "5  EV     \n",
       "6  MQ     \n",
       "7  US     \n",
       "8  WN     \n",
       "9  VX     \n",
       "10 FL     \n",
       "11 AS     \n",
       "12 9E     \n",
       "13 F9     \n",
       "14 HA     \n",
       "15 YV     \n",
       "16 OO     "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "distinct(select(flights,carrier))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## mutate()\n",
    "Besides selecting sets of existing columns, it’s often useful to add new columns that are functions of existing columns. This is the job of mutate():"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<caption>A tibble: 336776 × 20</caption>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>year</th><th scope=col>month</th><th scope=col>day</th><th scope=col>dep_time</th><th scope=col>sched_dep_time</th><th scope=col>dep_delay</th><th scope=col>arr_time</th><th scope=col>sched_arr_time</th><th scope=col>arr_delay</th><th scope=col>carrier</th><th scope=col>flight</th><th scope=col>tailnum</th><th scope=col>origin</th><th scope=col>dest</th><th scope=col>air_time</th><th scope=col>distance</th><th scope=col>hour</th><th scope=col>minute</th><th scope=col>time_hour</th><th scope=col>new_col</th></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dttm&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th></tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>517</td><td>515</td><td> 2</td><td> 830</td><td> 819</td><td> 11</td><td>UA</td><td>1545</td><td>N14228</td><td>EWR</td><td>IAH</td><td>227</td><td>1400</td><td>5</td><td>15</td><td>2013-01-01 05:00:00</td><td>  9</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>533</td><td>529</td><td> 4</td><td> 850</td><td> 830</td><td> 20</td><td>UA</td><td>1714</td><td>N24211</td><td>LGA</td><td>IAH</td><td>227</td><td>1416</td><td>5</td><td>29</td><td>2013-01-01 05:00:00</td><td> 16</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>542</td><td>540</td><td> 2</td><td> 923</td><td> 850</td><td> 33</td><td>AA</td><td>1141</td><td>N619AA</td><td>JFK</td><td>MIA</td><td>160</td><td>1089</td><td>5</td><td>40</td><td>2013-01-01 05:00:00</td><td> 31</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>544</td><td>545</td><td>-1</td><td>1004</td><td>1022</td><td>-18</td><td>B6</td><td> 725</td><td>N804JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>BQN</td><td>183</td><td>1576</td><td>5</td><td>45</td><td>2013-01-01 05:00:00</td><td>-17</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>554</td><td>600</td><td>-6</td><td> 812</td><td> 837</td><td>-25</td><td>DL</td><td> 461</td><td>N668DN</td><td>LGA</td><td>ATL</td><td>116</td><td> 762</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td><td>-19</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>554</td><td>558</td><td>-4</td><td> 740</td><td> 728</td><td> 12</td><td>UA</td><td>1696</td><td>N39463</td><td>EWR</td><td>ORD</td><td>150</td><td> 719</td><td>5</td><td>58</td><td>2013-01-01 05:00:00</td><td> 16</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>555</td><td>600</td><td>-5</td><td> 913</td><td> 854</td><td> 19</td><td>B6</td><td> 507</td><td>N516JB</td><td>EWR</td><td>FLL</td><td>158</td><td>1065</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td><td> 24</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>557</td><td>600</td><td>-3</td><td> 709</td><td> 723</td><td>-14</td><td>EV</td><td>5708</td><td>N829AS</td><td>LGA</td><td>IAD</td><td> 53</td><td> 229</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td><td>-11</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>557</td><td>600</td><td>-3</td><td> 838</td><td> 846</td><td> -8</td><td>B6</td><td>  79</td><td>N593JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>MCO</td><td>140</td><td> 944</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td><td> -5</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>558</td><td>600</td><td>-2</td><td> 753</td><td> 745</td><td>  8</td><td>AA</td><td> 301</td><td>N3ALAA</td><td>LGA</td><td>ORD</td><td>138</td><td> 733</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td><td> 10</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>558</td><td>600</td><td>-2</td><td> 849</td><td> 851</td><td> -2</td><td>B6</td><td>  49</td><td>N793JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>PBI</td><td>149</td><td>1028</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td><td>  0</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>558</td><td>600</td><td>-2</td><td> 853</td><td> 856</td><td> -3</td><td>B6</td><td>  71</td><td>N657JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>TPA</td><td>158</td><td>1005</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td><td> -1</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>558</td><td>600</td><td>-2</td><td> 924</td><td> 917</td><td>  7</td><td>UA</td><td> 194</td><td>N29129</td><td>JFK</td><td>LAX</td><td>345</td><td>2475</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td><td>  9</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>558</td><td>600</td><td>-2</td><td> 923</td><td> 937</td><td>-14</td><td>UA</td><td>1124</td><td>N53441</td><td>EWR</td><td>SFO</td><td>361</td><td>2565</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td><td>-12</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>559</td><td>600</td><td>-1</td><td> 941</td><td> 910</td><td> 31</td><td>AA</td><td> 707</td><td>N3DUAA</td><td>LGA</td><td>DFW</td><td>257</td><td>1389</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td><td> 32</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>559</td><td>559</td><td> 0</td><td> 702</td><td> 706</td><td> -4</td><td>B6</td><td>1806</td><td>N708JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>BOS</td><td> 44</td><td> 187</td><td>5</td><td>59</td><td>2013-01-01 05:00:00</td><td> -4</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>559</td><td>600</td><td>-1</td><td> 854</td><td> 902</td><td> -8</td><td>UA</td><td>1187</td><td>N76515</td><td>EWR</td><td>LAS</td><td>337</td><td>2227</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td><td> -7</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>600</td><td>600</td><td> 0</td><td> 851</td><td> 858</td><td> -7</td><td>B6</td><td> 371</td><td>N595JB</td><td>LGA</td><td>FLL</td><td>152</td><td>1076</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td><td> -7</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>600</td><td>600</td><td> 0</td><td> 837</td><td> 825</td><td> 12</td><td>MQ</td><td>4650</td><td>N542MQ</td><td>LGA</td><td>ATL</td><td>134</td><td> 762</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td><td> 12</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>601</td><td>600</td><td> 1</td><td> 844</td><td> 850</td><td> -6</td><td>B6</td><td> 343</td><td>N644JB</td><td>EWR</td><td>PBI</td><td>147</td><td>1023</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td><td> -7</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>602</td><td>610</td><td>-8</td><td> 812</td><td> 820</td><td> -8</td><td>DL</td><td>1919</td><td>N971DL</td><td>LGA</td><td>MSP</td><td>170</td><td>1020</td><td>6</td><td>10</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td><td>  0</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>602</td><td>605</td><td>-3</td><td> 821</td><td> 805</td><td> 16</td><td>MQ</td><td>4401</td><td>N730MQ</td><td>LGA</td><td>DTW</td><td>105</td><td> 502</td><td>6</td><td> 5</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td><td> 19</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>606</td><td>610</td><td>-4</td><td> 858</td><td> 910</td><td>-12</td><td>AA</td><td>1895</td><td>N633AA</td><td>EWR</td><td>MIA</td><td>152</td><td>1085</td><td>6</td><td>10</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td><td> -8</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>606</td><td>610</td><td>-4</td><td> 837</td><td> 845</td><td> -8</td><td>DL</td><td>1743</td><td>N3739P</td><td>JFK</td><td>ATL</td><td>128</td><td> 760</td><td>6</td><td>10</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td><td> -4</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>607</td><td>607</td><td> 0</td><td> 858</td><td> 915</td><td>-17</td><td>UA</td><td>1077</td><td>N53442</td><td>EWR</td><td>MIA</td><td>157</td><td>1085</td><td>6</td><td> 7</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td><td>-17</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>608</td><td>600</td><td> 8</td><td> 807</td><td> 735</td><td> 32</td><td>MQ</td><td>3768</td><td>N9EAMQ</td><td>EWR</td><td>ORD</td><td>139</td><td> 719</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td><td> 24</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>611</td><td>600</td><td>11</td><td> 945</td><td> 931</td><td> 14</td><td>UA</td><td> 303</td><td>N532UA</td><td>JFK</td><td>SFO</td><td>366</td><td>2586</td><td>6</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td><td>  3</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>613</td><td>610</td><td> 3</td><td> 925</td><td> 921</td><td>  4</td><td>B6</td><td> 135</td><td>N635JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>RSW</td><td>175</td><td>1074</td><td>6</td><td>10</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td><td>  1</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>615</td><td>615</td><td> 0</td><td>1039</td><td>1100</td><td>-21</td><td>B6</td><td> 709</td><td>N794JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>SJU</td><td>182</td><td>1598</td><td>6</td><td>15</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td><td>-21</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>615</td><td>615</td><td> 0</td><td> 833</td><td> 842</td><td> -9</td><td>DL</td><td> 575</td><td>N326NB</td><td>EWR</td><td>ATL</td><td>120</td><td> 746</td><td>6</td><td>15</td><td>2013-01-01 06:00:00</td><td> -9</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>2123</td><td>2125</td><td> -2</td><td>2223</td><td>2247</td><td>-24</td><td>EV</td><td>5489</td><td>N712EV</td><td>LGA</td><td>CHO</td><td> 45</td><td> 305</td><td>21</td><td>25</td><td>2013-09-30 21:00:00</td><td>-22</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>2127</td><td>2129</td><td> -2</td><td>2314</td><td>2323</td><td> -9</td><td>EV</td><td>3833</td><td>N16546</td><td>EWR</td><td>CLT</td><td> 72</td><td> 529</td><td>21</td><td>29</td><td>2013-09-30 21:00:00</td><td> -7</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>2128</td><td>2130</td><td> -2</td><td>2328</td><td>2359</td><td>-31</td><td>B6</td><td>  97</td><td>N807JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>DEN</td><td>213</td><td>1626</td><td>21</td><td>30</td><td>2013-09-30 21:00:00</td><td>-29</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>2129</td><td>2059</td><td> 30</td><td>2230</td><td>2232</td><td> -2</td><td>EV</td><td>5048</td><td>N751EV</td><td>LGA</td><td>RIC</td><td> 45</td><td> 292</td><td>20</td><td>59</td><td>2013-09-30 20:00:00</td><td>-32</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>2131</td><td>2140</td><td> -9</td><td>2225</td><td>2255</td><td>-30</td><td>MQ</td><td>3621</td><td>N807MQ</td><td>JFK</td><td>DCA</td><td> 36</td><td> 213</td><td>21</td><td>40</td><td>2013-09-30 21:00:00</td><td>-21</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>2140</td><td>2140</td><td>  0</td><td>  10</td><td>  40</td><td>-30</td><td>AA</td><td> 185</td><td>N335AA</td><td>JFK</td><td>LAX</td><td>298</td><td>2475</td><td>21</td><td>40</td><td>2013-09-30 21:00:00</td><td>-30</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>2142</td><td>2129</td><td> 13</td><td>2250</td><td>2239</td><td> 11</td><td>EV</td><td>4509</td><td>N12957</td><td>EWR</td><td>PWM</td><td> 47</td><td> 284</td><td>21</td><td>29</td><td>2013-09-30 21:00:00</td><td> -2</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>2145</td><td>2145</td><td>  0</td><td> 115</td><td> 140</td><td>-25</td><td>B6</td><td>1103</td><td>N633JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>SJU</td><td>192</td><td>1598</td><td>21</td><td>45</td><td>2013-09-30 21:00:00</td><td>-25</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>2147</td><td>2137</td><td> 10</td><td>  30</td><td>  27</td><td>  3</td><td>B6</td><td>1371</td><td>N627JB</td><td>LGA</td><td>FLL</td><td>139</td><td>1076</td><td>21</td><td>37</td><td>2013-09-30 21:00:00</td><td> -7</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>2149</td><td>2156</td><td> -7</td><td>2245</td><td>2308</td><td>-23</td><td>UA</td><td> 523</td><td>N813UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>BOS</td><td> 37</td><td> 200</td><td>21</td><td>56</td><td>2013-09-30 21:00:00</td><td>-16</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>2150</td><td>2159</td><td> -9</td><td>2250</td><td>2306</td><td>-16</td><td>EV</td><td>3842</td><td>N10575</td><td>EWR</td><td>MHT</td><td> 39</td><td> 209</td><td>21</td><td>59</td><td>2013-09-30 21:00:00</td><td> -7</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>2159</td><td>1845</td><td>194</td><td>2344</td><td>2030</td><td>194</td><td>9E</td><td>3320</td><td>N906XJ</td><td>JFK</td><td>BUF</td><td> 50</td><td> 301</td><td>18</td><td>45</td><td>2013-09-30 18:00:00</td><td>  0</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>2203</td><td>2205</td><td> -2</td><td>2339</td><td>2331</td><td>  8</td><td>EV</td><td>5311</td><td>N722EV</td><td>LGA</td><td>BGR</td><td> 61</td><td> 378</td><td>22</td><td> 5</td><td>2013-09-30 22:00:00</td><td> 10</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>2207</td><td>2140</td><td> 27</td><td>2257</td><td>2250</td><td>  7</td><td>MQ</td><td>3660</td><td>N532MQ</td><td>LGA</td><td>BNA</td><td> 97</td><td> 764</td><td>21</td><td>40</td><td>2013-09-30 21:00:00</td><td>-20</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>2211</td><td>2059</td><td> 72</td><td>2339</td><td>2242</td><td> 57</td><td>EV</td><td>4672</td><td>N12145</td><td>EWR</td><td>STL</td><td>120</td><td> 872</td><td>20</td><td>59</td><td>2013-09-30 20:00:00</td><td>-15</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>2231</td><td>2245</td><td>-14</td><td>2335</td><td>2356</td><td>-21</td><td>B6</td><td> 108</td><td>N193JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>PWM</td><td> 48</td><td> 273</td><td>22</td><td>45</td><td>2013-09-30 22:00:00</td><td> -7</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>2233</td><td>2113</td><td> 80</td><td> 112</td><td>  30</td><td> 42</td><td>UA</td><td> 471</td><td>N578UA</td><td>EWR</td><td>SFO</td><td>318</td><td>2565</td><td>21</td><td>13</td><td>2013-09-30 21:00:00</td><td>-38</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>2235</td><td>2001</td><td>154</td><td>  59</td><td>2249</td><td>130</td><td>B6</td><td>1083</td><td>N804JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>MCO</td><td>123</td><td> 944</td><td>20</td><td> 1</td><td>2013-09-30 20:00:00</td><td>-24</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>2237</td><td>2245</td><td> -8</td><td>2345</td><td>2353</td><td> -8</td><td>B6</td><td> 234</td><td>N318JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>BTV</td><td> 43</td><td> 266</td><td>22</td><td>45</td><td>2013-09-30 22:00:00</td><td>  0</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>2240</td><td>2245</td><td> -5</td><td>2334</td><td>2351</td><td>-17</td><td>B6</td><td>1816</td><td>N354JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>SYR</td><td> 41</td><td> 209</td><td>22</td><td>45</td><td>2013-09-30 22:00:00</td><td>-12</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>2240</td><td>2250</td><td>-10</td><td>2347</td><td>   7</td><td>-20</td><td>B6</td><td>2002</td><td>N281JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>BUF</td><td> 52</td><td> 301</td><td>22</td><td>50</td><td>2013-09-30 22:00:00</td><td>-10</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>2241</td><td>2246</td><td> -5</td><td>2345</td><td>   1</td><td>-16</td><td>B6</td><td> 486</td><td>N346JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>ROC</td><td> 47</td><td> 264</td><td>22</td><td>46</td><td>2013-09-30 22:00:00</td><td>-11</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>2307</td><td>2255</td><td> 12</td><td>2359</td><td>2358</td><td>  1</td><td>B6</td><td> 718</td><td>N565JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>BOS</td><td> 33</td><td> 187</td><td>22</td><td>55</td><td>2013-09-30 22:00:00</td><td>-11</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>2349</td><td>2359</td><td>-10</td><td> 325</td><td> 350</td><td>-25</td><td>B6</td><td> 745</td><td>N516JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>PSE</td><td>196</td><td>1617</td><td>23</td><td>59</td><td>2013-09-30 23:00:00</td><td>-15</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>  NA</td><td>1842</td><td> NA</td><td>  NA</td><td>2019</td><td> NA</td><td>EV</td><td>5274</td><td>N740EV</td><td>LGA</td><td>BNA</td><td> NA</td><td> 764</td><td>18</td><td>42</td><td>2013-09-30 18:00:00</td><td> NA</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>  NA</td><td>1455</td><td> NA</td><td>  NA</td><td>1634</td><td> NA</td><td>9E</td><td>3393</td><td>NA    </td><td>JFK</td><td>DCA</td><td> NA</td><td> 213</td><td>14</td><td>55</td><td>2013-09-30 14:00:00</td><td> NA</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>  NA</td><td>2200</td><td> NA</td><td>  NA</td><td>2312</td><td> NA</td><td>9E</td><td>3525</td><td>NA    </td><td>LGA</td><td>SYR</td><td> NA</td><td> 198</td><td>22</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-09-30 22:00:00</td><td> NA</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>  NA</td><td>1210</td><td> NA</td><td>  NA</td><td>1330</td><td> NA</td><td>MQ</td><td>3461</td><td>N535MQ</td><td>LGA</td><td>BNA</td><td> NA</td><td> 764</td><td>12</td><td>10</td><td>2013-09-30 12:00:00</td><td> NA</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>  NA</td><td>1159</td><td> NA</td><td>  NA</td><td>1344</td><td> NA</td><td>MQ</td><td>3572</td><td>N511MQ</td><td>LGA</td><td>CLE</td><td> NA</td><td> 419</td><td>11</td><td>59</td><td>2013-09-30 11:00:00</td><td> NA</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>  NA</td><td> 840</td><td> NA</td><td>  NA</td><td>1020</td><td> NA</td><td>MQ</td><td>3531</td><td>N839MQ</td><td>LGA</td><td>RDU</td><td> NA</td><td> 431</td><td> 8</td><td>40</td><td>2013-09-30 08:00:00</td><td> NA</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "A tibble: 336776 × 20\n",
       "\\begin{tabular}{llllllllllllllllllll}\n",
       " year & month & day & dep\\_time & sched\\_dep\\_time & dep\\_delay & arr\\_time & sched\\_arr\\_time & arr\\_delay & carrier & flight & tailnum & origin & dest & air\\_time & distance & hour & minute & time\\_hour & new\\_col\\\\\n",
       " <int> & <int> & <int> & <int> & <int> & <dbl> & <int> & <int> & <dbl> & <chr> & <int> & <chr> & <chr> & <chr> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dttm> & <dbl>\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 517 & 515 &  2 &  830 &  819 &  11 & UA & 1545 & N14228 & EWR & IAH & 227 & 1400 & 5 & 15 & 2013-01-01 05:00:00 &   9\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 533 & 529 &  4 &  850 &  830 &  20 & UA & 1714 & N24211 & LGA & IAH & 227 & 1416 & 5 & 29 & 2013-01-01 05:00:00 &  16\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 542 & 540 &  2 &  923 &  850 &  33 & AA & 1141 & N619AA & JFK & MIA & 160 & 1089 & 5 & 40 & 2013-01-01 05:00:00 &  31\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 544 & 545 & -1 & 1004 & 1022 & -18 & B6 &  725 & N804JB & JFK & BQN & 183 & 1576 & 5 & 45 & 2013-01-01 05:00:00 & -17\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 554 & 600 & -6 &  812 &  837 & -25 & DL &  461 & N668DN & LGA & ATL & 116 &  762 & 6 &  0 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00 & -19\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 554 & 558 & -4 &  740 &  728 &  12 & UA & 1696 & N39463 & EWR & ORD & 150 &  719 & 5 & 58 & 2013-01-01 05:00:00 &  16\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 555 & 600 & -5 &  913 &  854 &  19 & B6 &  507 & N516JB & EWR & FLL & 158 & 1065 & 6 &  0 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00 &  24\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 557 & 600 & -3 &  709 &  723 & -14 & EV & 5708 & N829AS & LGA & IAD &  53 &  229 & 6 &  0 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00 & -11\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 557 & 600 & -3 &  838 &  846 &  -8 & B6 &   79 & N593JB & JFK & MCO & 140 &  944 & 6 &  0 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00 &  -5\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 558 & 600 & -2 &  753 &  745 &   8 & AA &  301 & N3ALAA & LGA & ORD & 138 &  733 & 6 &  0 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00 &  10\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 558 & 600 & -2 &  849 &  851 &  -2 & B6 &   49 & N793JB & JFK & PBI & 149 & 1028 & 6 &  0 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00 &   0\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 558 & 600 & -2 &  853 &  856 &  -3 & B6 &   71 & N657JB & JFK & TPA & 158 & 1005 & 6 &  0 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00 &  -1\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 558 & 600 & -2 &  924 &  917 &   7 & UA &  194 & N29129 & JFK & LAX & 345 & 2475 & 6 &  0 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00 &   9\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 558 & 600 & -2 &  923 &  937 & -14 & UA & 1124 & N53441 & EWR & SFO & 361 & 2565 & 6 &  0 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00 & -12\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 559 & 600 & -1 &  941 &  910 &  31 & AA &  707 & N3DUAA & LGA & DFW & 257 & 1389 & 6 &  0 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00 &  32\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 559 & 559 &  0 &  702 &  706 &  -4 & B6 & 1806 & N708JB & JFK & BOS &  44 &  187 & 5 & 59 & 2013-01-01 05:00:00 &  -4\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 559 & 600 & -1 &  854 &  902 &  -8 & UA & 1187 & N76515 & EWR & LAS & 337 & 2227 & 6 &  0 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00 &  -7\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 600 & 600 &  0 &  851 &  858 &  -7 & B6 &  371 & N595JB & LGA & FLL & 152 & 1076 & 6 &  0 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00 &  -7\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 600 & 600 &  0 &  837 &  825 &  12 & MQ & 4650 & N542MQ & LGA & ATL & 134 &  762 & 6 &  0 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00 &  12\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 601 & 600 &  1 &  844 &  850 &  -6 & B6 &  343 & N644JB & EWR & PBI & 147 & 1023 & 6 &  0 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00 &  -7\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 602 & 610 & -8 &  812 &  820 &  -8 & DL & 1919 & N971DL & LGA & MSP & 170 & 1020 & 6 & 10 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00 &   0\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 602 & 605 & -3 &  821 &  805 &  16 & MQ & 4401 & N730MQ & LGA & DTW & 105 &  502 & 6 &  5 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00 &  19\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 606 & 610 & -4 &  858 &  910 & -12 & AA & 1895 & N633AA & EWR & MIA & 152 & 1085 & 6 & 10 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00 &  -8\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 606 & 610 & -4 &  837 &  845 &  -8 & DL & 1743 & N3739P & JFK & ATL & 128 &  760 & 6 & 10 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00 &  -4\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 607 & 607 &  0 &  858 &  915 & -17 & UA & 1077 & N53442 & EWR & MIA & 157 & 1085 & 6 &  7 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00 & -17\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 608 & 600 &  8 &  807 &  735 &  32 & MQ & 3768 & N9EAMQ & EWR & ORD & 139 &  719 & 6 &  0 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00 &  24\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 611 & 600 & 11 &  945 &  931 &  14 & UA &  303 & N532UA & JFK & SFO & 366 & 2586 & 6 &  0 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00 &   3\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 613 & 610 &  3 &  925 &  921 &   4 & B6 &  135 & N635JB & JFK & RSW & 175 & 1074 & 6 & 10 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00 &   1\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 615 & 615 &  0 & 1039 & 1100 & -21 & B6 &  709 & N794JB & JFK & SJU & 182 & 1598 & 6 & 15 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00 & -21\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 1 & 1 & 615 & 615 &  0 &  833 &  842 &  -9 & DL &  575 & N326NB & EWR & ATL & 120 &  746 & 6 & 15 & 2013-01-01 06:00:00 &  -9\\\\\n",
       "\t ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ...\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 & 2123 & 2125 &  -2 & 2223 & 2247 & -24 & EV & 5489 & N712EV & LGA & CHO &  45 &  305 & 21 & 25 & 2013-09-30 21:00:00 & -22\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 & 2127 & 2129 &  -2 & 2314 & 2323 &  -9 & EV & 3833 & N16546 & EWR & CLT &  72 &  529 & 21 & 29 & 2013-09-30 21:00:00 &  -7\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 & 2128 & 2130 &  -2 & 2328 & 2359 & -31 & B6 &   97 & N807JB & JFK & DEN & 213 & 1626 & 21 & 30 & 2013-09-30 21:00:00 & -29\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 & 2129 & 2059 &  30 & 2230 & 2232 &  -2 & EV & 5048 & N751EV & LGA & RIC &  45 &  292 & 20 & 59 & 2013-09-30 20:00:00 & -32\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 & 2131 & 2140 &  -9 & 2225 & 2255 & -30 & MQ & 3621 & N807MQ & JFK & DCA &  36 &  213 & 21 & 40 & 2013-09-30 21:00:00 & -21\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 & 2140 & 2140 &   0 &   10 &   40 & -30 & AA &  185 & N335AA & JFK & LAX & 298 & 2475 & 21 & 40 & 2013-09-30 21:00:00 & -30\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 & 2142 & 2129 &  13 & 2250 & 2239 &  11 & EV & 4509 & N12957 & EWR & PWM &  47 &  284 & 21 & 29 & 2013-09-30 21:00:00 &  -2\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 & 2145 & 2145 &   0 &  115 &  140 & -25 & B6 & 1103 & N633JB & JFK & SJU & 192 & 1598 & 21 & 45 & 2013-09-30 21:00:00 & -25\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 & 2147 & 2137 &  10 &   30 &   27 &   3 & B6 & 1371 & N627JB & LGA & FLL & 139 & 1076 & 21 & 37 & 2013-09-30 21:00:00 &  -7\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 & 2149 & 2156 &  -7 & 2245 & 2308 & -23 & UA &  523 & N813UA & EWR & BOS &  37 &  200 & 21 & 56 & 2013-09-30 21:00:00 & -16\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 & 2150 & 2159 &  -9 & 2250 & 2306 & -16 & EV & 3842 & N10575 & EWR & MHT &  39 &  209 & 21 & 59 & 2013-09-30 21:00:00 &  -7\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 & 2159 & 1845 & 194 & 2344 & 2030 & 194 & 9E & 3320 & N906XJ & JFK & BUF &  50 &  301 & 18 & 45 & 2013-09-30 18:00:00 &   0\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 & 2203 & 2205 &  -2 & 2339 & 2331 &   8 & EV & 5311 & N722EV & LGA & BGR &  61 &  378 & 22 &  5 & 2013-09-30 22:00:00 &  10\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 & 2207 & 2140 &  27 & 2257 & 2250 &   7 & MQ & 3660 & N532MQ & LGA & BNA &  97 &  764 & 21 & 40 & 2013-09-30 21:00:00 & -20\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 & 2211 & 2059 &  72 & 2339 & 2242 &  57 & EV & 4672 & N12145 & EWR & STL & 120 &  872 & 20 & 59 & 2013-09-30 20:00:00 & -15\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 & 2231 & 2245 & -14 & 2335 & 2356 & -21 & B6 &  108 & N193JB & JFK & PWM &  48 &  273 & 22 & 45 & 2013-09-30 22:00:00 &  -7\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 & 2233 & 2113 &  80 &  112 &   30 &  42 & UA &  471 & N578UA & EWR & SFO & 318 & 2565 & 21 & 13 & 2013-09-30 21:00:00 & -38\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 & 2235 & 2001 & 154 &   59 & 2249 & 130 & B6 & 1083 & N804JB & JFK & MCO & 123 &  944 & 20 &  1 & 2013-09-30 20:00:00 & -24\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 & 2237 & 2245 &  -8 & 2345 & 2353 &  -8 & B6 &  234 & N318JB & JFK & BTV &  43 &  266 & 22 & 45 & 2013-09-30 22:00:00 &   0\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 & 2240 & 2245 &  -5 & 2334 & 2351 & -17 & B6 & 1816 & N354JB & JFK & SYR &  41 &  209 & 22 & 45 & 2013-09-30 22:00:00 & -12\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 & 2240 & 2250 & -10 & 2347 &    7 & -20 & B6 & 2002 & N281JB & JFK & BUF &  52 &  301 & 22 & 50 & 2013-09-30 22:00:00 & -10\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 & 2241 & 2246 &  -5 & 2345 &    1 & -16 & B6 &  486 & N346JB & JFK & ROC &  47 &  264 & 22 & 46 & 2013-09-30 22:00:00 & -11\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 & 2307 & 2255 &  12 & 2359 & 2358 &   1 & B6 &  718 & N565JB & JFK & BOS &  33 &  187 & 22 & 55 & 2013-09-30 22:00:00 & -11\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 & 2349 & 2359 & -10 &  325 &  350 & -25 & B6 &  745 & N516JB & JFK & PSE & 196 & 1617 & 23 & 59 & 2013-09-30 23:00:00 & -15\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 &   NA & 1842 &  NA &   NA & 2019 &  NA & EV & 5274 & N740EV & LGA & BNA &  NA &  764 & 18 & 42 & 2013-09-30 18:00:00 &  NA\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 &   NA & 1455 &  NA &   NA & 1634 &  NA & 9E & 3393 & NA     & JFK & DCA &  NA &  213 & 14 & 55 & 2013-09-30 14:00:00 &  NA\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 &   NA & 2200 &  NA &   NA & 2312 &  NA & 9E & 3525 & NA     & LGA & SYR &  NA &  198 & 22 &  0 & 2013-09-30 22:00:00 &  NA\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 &   NA & 1210 &  NA &   NA & 1330 &  NA & MQ & 3461 & N535MQ & LGA & BNA &  NA &  764 & 12 & 10 & 2013-09-30 12:00:00 &  NA\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 &   NA & 1159 &  NA &   NA & 1344 &  NA & MQ & 3572 & N511MQ & LGA & CLE &  NA &  419 & 11 & 59 & 2013-09-30 11:00:00 &  NA\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 9 & 30 &   NA &  840 &  NA &   NA & 1020 &  NA & MQ & 3531 & N839MQ & LGA & RDU &  NA &  431 &  8 & 40 & 2013-09-30 08:00:00 &  NA\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "A tibble: 336776 × 20\n",
       "\n",
       "| year &lt;int&gt; | month &lt;int&gt; | day &lt;int&gt; | dep_time &lt;int&gt; | sched_dep_time &lt;int&gt; | dep_delay &lt;dbl&gt; | arr_time &lt;int&gt; | sched_arr_time &lt;int&gt; | arr_delay &lt;dbl&gt; | carrier &lt;chr&gt; | flight &lt;int&gt; | tailnum &lt;chr&gt; | origin &lt;chr&gt; | dest &lt;chr&gt; | air_time &lt;dbl&gt; | distance &lt;dbl&gt; | hour &lt;dbl&gt; | minute &lt;dbl&gt; | time_hour &lt;dttm&gt; | new_col &lt;dbl&gt; |\n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 517 | 515 |  2 |  830 |  819 |  11 | UA | 1545 | N14228 | EWR | IAH | 227 | 1400 | 5 | 15 | 2013-01-01 05:00:00 |   9 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 533 | 529 |  4 |  850 |  830 |  20 | UA | 1714 | N24211 | LGA | IAH | 227 | 1416 | 5 | 29 | 2013-01-01 05:00:00 |  16 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 542 | 540 |  2 |  923 |  850 |  33 | AA | 1141 | N619AA | JFK | MIA | 160 | 1089 | 5 | 40 | 2013-01-01 05:00:00 |  31 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 544 | 545 | -1 | 1004 | 1022 | -18 | B6 |  725 | N804JB | JFK | BQN | 183 | 1576 | 5 | 45 | 2013-01-01 05:00:00 | -17 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 554 | 600 | -6 |  812 |  837 | -25 | DL |  461 | N668DN | LGA | ATL | 116 |  762 | 6 |  0 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 | -19 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 554 | 558 | -4 |  740 |  728 |  12 | UA | 1696 | N39463 | EWR | ORD | 150 |  719 | 5 | 58 | 2013-01-01 05:00:00 |  16 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 555 | 600 | -5 |  913 |  854 |  19 | B6 |  507 | N516JB | EWR | FLL | 158 | 1065 | 6 |  0 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 |  24 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 557 | 600 | -3 |  709 |  723 | -14 | EV | 5708 | N829AS | LGA | IAD |  53 |  229 | 6 |  0 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 | -11 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 557 | 600 | -3 |  838 |  846 |  -8 | B6 |   79 | N593JB | JFK | MCO | 140 |  944 | 6 |  0 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 |  -5 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 558 | 600 | -2 |  753 |  745 |   8 | AA |  301 | N3ALAA | LGA | ORD | 138 |  733 | 6 |  0 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 |  10 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 558 | 600 | -2 |  849 |  851 |  -2 | B6 |   49 | N793JB | JFK | PBI | 149 | 1028 | 6 |  0 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 |   0 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 558 | 600 | -2 |  853 |  856 |  -3 | B6 |   71 | N657JB | JFK | TPA | 158 | 1005 | 6 |  0 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 |  -1 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 558 | 600 | -2 |  924 |  917 |   7 | UA |  194 | N29129 | JFK | LAX | 345 | 2475 | 6 |  0 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 |   9 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 558 | 600 | -2 |  923 |  937 | -14 | UA | 1124 | N53441 | EWR | SFO | 361 | 2565 | 6 |  0 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 | -12 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 559 | 600 | -1 |  941 |  910 |  31 | AA |  707 | N3DUAA | LGA | DFW | 257 | 1389 | 6 |  0 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 |  32 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 559 | 559 |  0 |  702 |  706 |  -4 | B6 | 1806 | N708JB | JFK | BOS |  44 |  187 | 5 | 59 | 2013-01-01 05:00:00 |  -4 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 559 | 600 | -1 |  854 |  902 |  -8 | UA | 1187 | N76515 | EWR | LAS | 337 | 2227 | 6 |  0 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 |  -7 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 600 | 600 |  0 |  851 |  858 |  -7 | B6 |  371 | N595JB | LGA | FLL | 152 | 1076 | 6 |  0 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 |  -7 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 600 | 600 |  0 |  837 |  825 |  12 | MQ | 4650 | N542MQ | LGA | ATL | 134 |  762 | 6 |  0 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 |  12 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 601 | 600 |  1 |  844 |  850 |  -6 | B6 |  343 | N644JB | EWR | PBI | 147 | 1023 | 6 |  0 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 |  -7 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 602 | 610 | -8 |  812 |  820 |  -8 | DL | 1919 | N971DL | LGA | MSP | 170 | 1020 | 6 | 10 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 |   0 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 602 | 605 | -3 |  821 |  805 |  16 | MQ | 4401 | N730MQ | LGA | DTW | 105 |  502 | 6 |  5 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 |  19 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 606 | 610 | -4 |  858 |  910 | -12 | AA | 1895 | N633AA | EWR | MIA | 152 | 1085 | 6 | 10 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 |  -8 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 606 | 610 | -4 |  837 |  845 |  -8 | DL | 1743 | N3739P | JFK | ATL | 128 |  760 | 6 | 10 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 |  -4 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 607 | 607 |  0 |  858 |  915 | -17 | UA | 1077 | N53442 | EWR | MIA | 157 | 1085 | 6 |  7 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 | -17 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 608 | 600 |  8 |  807 |  735 |  32 | MQ | 3768 | N9EAMQ | EWR | ORD | 139 |  719 | 6 |  0 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 |  24 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 611 | 600 | 11 |  945 |  931 |  14 | UA |  303 | N532UA | JFK | SFO | 366 | 2586 | 6 |  0 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 |   3 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 613 | 610 |  3 |  925 |  921 |   4 | B6 |  135 | N635JB | JFK | RSW | 175 | 1074 | 6 | 10 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 |   1 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 615 | 615 |  0 | 1039 | 1100 | -21 | B6 |  709 | N794JB | JFK | SJU | 182 | 1598 | 6 | 15 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 | -21 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 615 | 615 |  0 |  833 |  842 |  -9 | DL |  575 | N326NB | EWR | ATL | 120 |  746 | 6 | 15 | 2013-01-01 06:00:00 |  -9 |\n",
       "| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 | 2123 | 2125 |  -2 | 2223 | 2247 | -24 | EV | 5489 | N712EV | LGA | CHO |  45 |  305 | 21 | 25 | 2013-09-30 21:00:00 | -22 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 | 2127 | 2129 |  -2 | 2314 | 2323 |  -9 | EV | 3833 | N16546 | EWR | CLT |  72 |  529 | 21 | 29 | 2013-09-30 21:00:00 |  -7 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 | 2128 | 2130 |  -2 | 2328 | 2359 | -31 | B6 |   97 | N807JB | JFK | DEN | 213 | 1626 | 21 | 30 | 2013-09-30 21:00:00 | -29 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 | 2129 | 2059 |  30 | 2230 | 2232 |  -2 | EV | 5048 | N751EV | LGA | RIC |  45 |  292 | 20 | 59 | 2013-09-30 20:00:00 | -32 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 | 2131 | 2140 |  -9 | 2225 | 2255 | -30 | MQ | 3621 | N807MQ | JFK | DCA |  36 |  213 | 21 | 40 | 2013-09-30 21:00:00 | -21 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 | 2140 | 2140 |   0 |   10 |   40 | -30 | AA |  185 | N335AA | JFK | LAX | 298 | 2475 | 21 | 40 | 2013-09-30 21:00:00 | -30 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 | 2142 | 2129 |  13 | 2250 | 2239 |  11 | EV | 4509 | N12957 | EWR | PWM |  47 |  284 | 21 | 29 | 2013-09-30 21:00:00 |  -2 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 | 2145 | 2145 |   0 |  115 |  140 | -25 | B6 | 1103 | N633JB | JFK | SJU | 192 | 1598 | 21 | 45 | 2013-09-30 21:00:00 | -25 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 | 2147 | 2137 |  10 |   30 |   27 |   3 | B6 | 1371 | N627JB | LGA | FLL | 139 | 1076 | 21 | 37 | 2013-09-30 21:00:00 |  -7 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 | 2149 | 2156 |  -7 | 2245 | 2308 | -23 | UA |  523 | N813UA | EWR | BOS |  37 |  200 | 21 | 56 | 2013-09-30 21:00:00 | -16 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 | 2150 | 2159 |  -9 | 2250 | 2306 | -16 | EV | 3842 | N10575 | EWR | MHT |  39 |  209 | 21 | 59 | 2013-09-30 21:00:00 |  -7 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 | 2159 | 1845 | 194 | 2344 | 2030 | 194 | 9E | 3320 | N906XJ | JFK | BUF |  50 |  301 | 18 | 45 | 2013-09-30 18:00:00 |   0 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 | 2203 | 2205 |  -2 | 2339 | 2331 |   8 | EV | 5311 | N722EV | LGA | BGR |  61 |  378 | 22 |  5 | 2013-09-30 22:00:00 |  10 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 | 2207 | 2140 |  27 | 2257 | 2250 |   7 | MQ | 3660 | N532MQ | LGA | BNA |  97 |  764 | 21 | 40 | 2013-09-30 21:00:00 | -20 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 | 2211 | 2059 |  72 | 2339 | 2242 |  57 | EV | 4672 | N12145 | EWR | STL | 120 |  872 | 20 | 59 | 2013-09-30 20:00:00 | -15 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 | 2231 | 2245 | -14 | 2335 | 2356 | -21 | B6 |  108 | N193JB | JFK | PWM |  48 |  273 | 22 | 45 | 2013-09-30 22:00:00 |  -7 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 | 2233 | 2113 |  80 |  112 |   30 |  42 | UA |  471 | N578UA | EWR | SFO | 318 | 2565 | 21 | 13 | 2013-09-30 21:00:00 | -38 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 | 2235 | 2001 | 154 |   59 | 2249 | 130 | B6 | 1083 | N804JB | JFK | MCO | 123 |  944 | 20 |  1 | 2013-09-30 20:00:00 | -24 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 | 2237 | 2245 |  -8 | 2345 | 2353 |  -8 | B6 |  234 | N318JB | JFK | BTV |  43 |  266 | 22 | 45 | 2013-09-30 22:00:00 |   0 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 | 2240 | 2245 |  -5 | 2334 | 2351 | -17 | B6 | 1816 | N354JB | JFK | SYR |  41 |  209 | 22 | 45 | 2013-09-30 22:00:00 | -12 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 | 2240 | 2250 | -10 | 2347 |    7 | -20 | B6 | 2002 | N281JB | JFK | BUF |  52 |  301 | 22 | 50 | 2013-09-30 22:00:00 | -10 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 | 2241 | 2246 |  -5 | 2345 |    1 | -16 | B6 |  486 | N346JB | JFK | ROC |  47 |  264 | 22 | 46 | 2013-09-30 22:00:00 | -11 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 | 2307 | 2255 |  12 | 2359 | 2358 |   1 | B6 |  718 | N565JB | JFK | BOS |  33 |  187 | 22 | 55 | 2013-09-30 22:00:00 | -11 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 | 2349 | 2359 | -10 |  325 |  350 | -25 | B6 |  745 | N516JB | JFK | PSE | 196 | 1617 | 23 | 59 | 2013-09-30 23:00:00 | -15 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 |   NA | 1842 |  NA |   NA | 2019 |  NA | EV | 5274 | N740EV | LGA | BNA |  NA |  764 | 18 | 42 | 2013-09-30 18:00:00 |  NA |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 |   NA | 1455 |  NA |   NA | 1634 |  NA | 9E | 3393 | NA     | JFK | DCA |  NA |  213 | 14 | 55 | 2013-09-30 14:00:00 |  NA |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 |   NA | 2200 |  NA |   NA | 2312 |  NA | 9E | 3525 | NA     | LGA | SYR |  NA |  198 | 22 |  0 | 2013-09-30 22:00:00 |  NA |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 |   NA | 1210 |  NA |   NA | 1330 |  NA | MQ | 3461 | N535MQ | LGA | BNA |  NA |  764 | 12 | 10 | 2013-09-30 12:00:00 |  NA |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 |   NA | 1159 |  NA |   NA | 1344 |  NA | MQ | 3572 | N511MQ | LGA | CLE |  NA |  419 | 11 | 59 | 2013-09-30 11:00:00 |  NA |\n",
       "| 2013 | 9 | 30 |   NA |  840 |  NA |   NA | 1020 |  NA | MQ | 3531 | N839MQ | LGA | RDU |  NA |  431 |  8 | 40 | 2013-09-30 08:00:00 |  NA |\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "       year month day dep_time sched_dep_time dep_delay arr_time sched_arr_time\n",
       "1      2013 1     1   517      515             2         830      819          \n",
       "2      2013 1     1   533      529             4         850      830          \n",
       "3      2013 1     1   542      540             2         923      850          \n",
       "4      2013 1     1   544      545            -1        1004     1022          \n",
       "5      2013 1     1   554      600            -6         812      837          \n",
       "6      2013 1     1   554      558            -4         740      728          \n",
       "7      2013 1     1   555      600            -5         913      854          \n",
       "8      2013 1     1   557      600            -3         709      723          \n",
       "9      2013 1     1   557      600            -3         838      846          \n",
       "10     2013 1     1   558      600            -2         753      745          \n",
       "11     2013 1     1   558      600            -2         849      851          \n",
       "12     2013 1     1   558      600            -2         853      856          \n",
       "13     2013 1     1   558      600            -2         924      917          \n",
       "14     2013 1     1   558      600            -2         923      937          \n",
       "15     2013 1     1   559      600            -1         941      910          \n",
       "16     2013 1     1   559      559             0         702      706          \n",
       "17     2013 1     1   559      600            -1         854      902          \n",
       "18     2013 1     1   600      600             0         851      858          \n",
       "19     2013 1     1   600      600             0         837      825          \n",
       "20     2013 1     1   601      600             1         844      850          \n",
       "21     2013 1     1   602      610            -8         812      820          \n",
       "22     2013 1     1   602      605            -3         821      805          \n",
       "23     2013 1     1   606      610            -4         858      910          \n",
       "24     2013 1     1   606      610            -4         837      845          \n",
       "25     2013 1     1   607      607             0         858      915          \n",
       "26     2013 1     1   608      600             8         807      735          \n",
       "27     2013 1     1   611      600            11         945      931          \n",
       "28     2013 1     1   613      610             3         925      921          \n",
       "29     2013 1     1   615      615             0        1039     1100          \n",
       "30     2013 1     1   615      615             0         833      842          \n",
       "...    ...  ...   ... ...      ...            ...       ...      ...           \n",
       "336747 2013 9     30  2123     2125            -2       2223     2247          \n",
       "336748 2013 9     30  2127     2129            -2       2314     2323          \n",
       "336749 2013 9     30  2128     2130            -2       2328     2359          \n",
       "336750 2013 9     30  2129     2059            30       2230     2232          \n",
       "336751 2013 9     30  2131     2140            -9       2225     2255          \n",
       "336752 2013 9     30  2140     2140             0         10       40          \n",
       "336753 2013 9     30  2142     2129            13       2250     2239          \n",
       "336754 2013 9     30  2145     2145             0        115      140          \n",
       "336755 2013 9     30  2147     2137            10         30       27          \n",
       "336756 2013 9     30  2149     2156            -7       2245     2308          \n",
       "336757 2013 9     30  2150     2159            -9       2250     2306          \n",
       "336758 2013 9     30  2159     1845           194       2344     2030          \n",
       "336759 2013 9     30  2203     2205            -2       2339     2331          \n",
       "336760 2013 9     30  2207     2140            27       2257     2250          \n",
       "336761 2013 9     30  2211     2059            72       2339     2242          \n",
       "336762 2013 9     30  2231     2245           -14       2335     2356          \n",
       "336763 2013 9     30  2233     2113            80        112       30          \n",
       "336764 2013 9     30  2235     2001           154         59     2249          \n",
       "336765 2013 9     30  2237     2245            -8       2345     2353          \n",
       "336766 2013 9     30  2240     2245            -5       2334     2351          \n",
       "336767 2013 9     30  2240     2250           -10       2347        7          \n",
       "336768 2013 9     30  2241     2246            -5       2345        1          \n",
       "336769 2013 9     30  2307     2255            12       2359     2358          \n",
       "336770 2013 9     30  2349     2359           -10        325      350          \n",
       "336771 2013 9     30    NA     1842            NA         NA     2019          \n",
       "336772 2013 9     30    NA     1455            NA         NA     1634          \n",
       "336773 2013 9     30    NA     2200            NA         NA     2312          \n",
       "336774 2013 9     30    NA     1210            NA         NA     1330          \n",
       "336775 2013 9     30    NA     1159            NA         NA     1344          \n",
       "336776 2013 9     30    NA      840            NA         NA     1020          \n",
       "       arr_delay carrier flight tailnum origin dest air_time distance hour\n",
       "1       11       UA      1545   N14228  EWR    IAH  227      1400     5   \n",
       "2       20       UA      1714   N24211  LGA    IAH  227      1416     5   \n",
       "3       33       AA      1141   N619AA  JFK    MIA  160      1089     5   \n",
       "4      -18       B6       725   N804JB  JFK    BQN  183      1576     5   \n",
       "5      -25       DL       461   N668DN  LGA    ATL  116       762     6   \n",
       "6       12       UA      1696   N39463  EWR    ORD  150       719     5   \n",
       "7       19       B6       507   N516JB  EWR    FLL  158      1065     6   \n",
       "8      -14       EV      5708   N829AS  LGA    IAD   53       229     6   \n",
       "9       -8       B6        79   N593JB  JFK    MCO  140       944     6   \n",
       "10       8       AA       301   N3ALAA  LGA    ORD  138       733     6   \n",
       "11      -2       B6        49   N793JB  JFK    PBI  149      1028     6   \n",
       "12      -3       B6        71   N657JB  JFK    TPA  158      1005     6   \n",
       "13       7       UA       194   N29129  JFK    LAX  345      2475     6   \n",
       "14     -14       UA      1124   N53441  EWR    SFO  361      2565     6   \n",
       "15      31       AA       707   N3DUAA  LGA    DFW  257      1389     6   \n",
       "16      -4       B6      1806   N708JB  JFK    BOS   44       187     5   \n",
       "17      -8       UA      1187   N76515  EWR    LAS  337      2227     6   \n",
       "18      -7       B6       371   N595JB  LGA    FLL  152      1076     6   \n",
       "19      12       MQ      4650   N542MQ  LGA    ATL  134       762     6   \n",
       "20      -6       B6       343   N644JB  EWR    PBI  147      1023     6   \n",
       "21      -8       DL      1919   N971DL  LGA    MSP  170      1020     6   \n",
       "22      16       MQ      4401   N730MQ  LGA    DTW  105       502     6   \n",
       "23     -12       AA      1895   N633AA  EWR    MIA  152      1085     6   \n",
       "24      -8       DL      1743   N3739P  JFK    ATL  128       760     6   \n",
       "25     -17       UA      1077   N53442  EWR    MIA  157      1085     6   \n",
       "26      32       MQ      3768   N9EAMQ  EWR    ORD  139       719     6   \n",
       "27      14       UA       303   N532UA  JFK    SFO  366      2586     6   \n",
       "28       4       B6       135   N635JB  JFK    RSW  175      1074     6   \n",
       "29     -21       B6       709   N794JB  JFK    SJU  182      1598     6   \n",
       "30      -9       DL       575   N326NB  EWR    ATL  120       746     6   \n",
       "...    ...       ...     ...    ...     ...    ...  ...      ...      ... \n",
       "336747 -24       EV      5489   N712EV  LGA    CHO   45       305     21  \n",
       "336748  -9       EV      3833   N16546  EWR    CLT   72       529     21  \n",
       "336749 -31       B6        97   N807JB  JFK    DEN  213      1626     21  \n",
       "336750  -2       EV      5048   N751EV  LGA    RIC   45       292     20  \n",
       "336751 -30       MQ      3621   N807MQ  JFK    DCA   36       213     21  \n",
       "336752 -30       AA       185   N335AA  JFK    LAX  298      2475     21  \n",
       "336753  11       EV      4509   N12957  EWR    PWM   47       284     21  \n",
       "336754 -25       B6      1103   N633JB  JFK    SJU  192      1598     21  \n",
       "336755   3       B6      1371   N627JB  LGA    FLL  139      1076     21  \n",
       "336756 -23       UA       523   N813UA  EWR    BOS   37       200     21  \n",
       "336757 -16       EV      3842   N10575  EWR    MHT   39       209     21  \n",
       "336758 194       9E      3320   N906XJ  JFK    BUF   50       301     18  \n",
       "336759   8       EV      5311   N722EV  LGA    BGR   61       378     22  \n",
       "336760   7       MQ      3660   N532MQ  LGA    BNA   97       764     21  \n",
       "336761  57       EV      4672   N12145  EWR    STL  120       872     20  \n",
       "336762 -21       B6       108   N193JB  JFK    PWM   48       273     22  \n",
       "336763  42       UA       471   N578UA  EWR    SFO  318      2565     21  \n",
       "336764 130       B6      1083   N804JB  JFK    MCO  123       944     20  \n",
       "336765  -8       B6       234   N318JB  JFK    BTV   43       266     22  \n",
       "336766 -17       B6      1816   N354JB  JFK    SYR   41       209     22  \n",
       "336767 -20       B6      2002   N281JB  JFK    BUF   52       301     22  \n",
       "336768 -16       B6       486   N346JB  JFK    ROC   47       264     22  \n",
       "336769   1       B6       718   N565JB  JFK    BOS   33       187     22  \n",
       "336770 -25       B6       745   N516JB  JFK    PSE  196      1617     23  \n",
       "336771  NA       EV      5274   N740EV  LGA    BNA   NA       764     18  \n",
       "336772  NA       9E      3393   NA      JFK    DCA   NA       213     14  \n",
       "336773  NA       9E      3525   NA      LGA    SYR   NA       198     22  \n",
       "336774  NA       MQ      3461   N535MQ  LGA    BNA   NA       764     12  \n",
       "336775  NA       MQ      3572   N511MQ  LGA    CLE   NA       419     11  \n",
       "336776  NA       MQ      3531   N839MQ  LGA    RDU   NA       431      8  \n",
       "       minute time_hour           new_col\n",
       "1      15     2013-01-01 05:00:00   9    \n",
       "2      29     2013-01-01 05:00:00  16    \n",
       "3      40     2013-01-01 05:00:00  31    \n",
       "4      45     2013-01-01 05:00:00 -17    \n",
       "5       0     2013-01-01 06:00:00 -19    \n",
       "6      58     2013-01-01 05:00:00  16    \n",
       "7       0     2013-01-01 06:00:00  24    \n",
       "8       0     2013-01-01 06:00:00 -11    \n",
       "9       0     2013-01-01 06:00:00  -5    \n",
       "10      0     2013-01-01 06:00:00  10    \n",
       "11      0     2013-01-01 06:00:00   0    \n",
       "12      0     2013-01-01 06:00:00  -1    \n",
       "13      0     2013-01-01 06:00:00   9    \n",
       "14      0     2013-01-01 06:00:00 -12    \n",
       "15      0     2013-01-01 06:00:00  32    \n",
       "16     59     2013-01-01 05:00:00  -4    \n",
       "17      0     2013-01-01 06:00:00  -7    \n",
       "18      0     2013-01-01 06:00:00  -7    \n",
       "19      0     2013-01-01 06:00:00  12    \n",
       "20      0     2013-01-01 06:00:00  -7    \n",
       "21     10     2013-01-01 06:00:00   0    \n",
       "22      5     2013-01-01 06:00:00  19    \n",
       "23     10     2013-01-01 06:00:00  -8    \n",
       "24     10     2013-01-01 06:00:00  -4    \n",
       "25      7     2013-01-01 06:00:00 -17    \n",
       "26      0     2013-01-01 06:00:00  24    \n",
       "27      0     2013-01-01 06:00:00   3    \n",
       "28     10     2013-01-01 06:00:00   1    \n",
       "29     15     2013-01-01 06:00:00 -21    \n",
       "30     15     2013-01-01 06:00:00  -9    \n",
       "...    ...    ...                 ...    \n",
       "336747 25     2013-09-30 21:00:00 -22    \n",
       "336748 29     2013-09-30 21:00:00  -7    \n",
       "336749 30     2013-09-30 21:00:00 -29    \n",
       "336750 59     2013-09-30 20:00:00 -32    \n",
       "336751 40     2013-09-30 21:00:00 -21    \n",
       "336752 40     2013-09-30 21:00:00 -30    \n",
       "336753 29     2013-09-30 21:00:00  -2    \n",
       "336754 45     2013-09-30 21:00:00 -25    \n",
       "336755 37     2013-09-30 21:00:00  -7    \n",
       "336756 56     2013-09-30 21:00:00 -16    \n",
       "336757 59     2013-09-30 21:00:00  -7    \n",
       "336758 45     2013-09-30 18:00:00   0    \n",
       "336759  5     2013-09-30 22:00:00  10    \n",
       "336760 40     2013-09-30 21:00:00 -20    \n",
       "336761 59     2013-09-30 20:00:00 -15    \n",
       "336762 45     2013-09-30 22:00:00  -7    \n",
       "336763 13     2013-09-30 21:00:00 -38    \n",
       "336764  1     2013-09-30 20:00:00 -24    \n",
       "336765 45     2013-09-30 22:00:00   0    \n",
       "336766 45     2013-09-30 22:00:00 -12    \n",
       "336767 50     2013-09-30 22:00:00 -10    \n",
       "336768 46     2013-09-30 22:00:00 -11    \n",
       "336769 55     2013-09-30 22:00:00 -11    \n",
       "336770 59     2013-09-30 23:00:00 -15    \n",
       "336771 42     2013-09-30 18:00:00  NA    \n",
       "336772 55     2013-09-30 14:00:00  NA    \n",
       "336773  0     2013-09-30 22:00:00  NA    \n",
       "336774 10     2013-09-30 12:00:00  NA    \n",
       "336775 59     2013-09-30 11:00:00  NA    \n",
       "336776 40     2013-09-30 08:00:00  NA    "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mutate(flights, new_col = (arr_delay - dep_delay))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# transmute()\n",
    "Use transmute if you only want the new columns:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 60,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<caption>A tibble: 6 × 1</caption>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>new_col</th></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th></tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>  9</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td> 16</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td> 31</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>-17</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>-19</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td> 16</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "A tibble: 6 × 1\n",
       "\\begin{tabular}{l}\n",
       " new\\_col\\\\\n",
       " <dbl>\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t   9\\\\\n",
       "\t  16\\\\\n",
       "\t  31\\\\\n",
       "\t -17\\\\\n",
       "\t -19\\\\\n",
       "\t  16\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "A tibble: 6 × 1\n",
       "\n",
       "| new_col &lt;dbl&gt; |\n",
       "|---|\n",
       "|   9 |\n",
       "|  16 |\n",
       "|  31 |\n",
       "| -17 |\n",
       "| -19 |\n",
       "|  16 |\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  new_col\n",
       "1   9    \n",
       "2  16    \n",
       "3  31    \n",
       "4 -17    \n",
       "5 -19    \n",
       "6  16    "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "head(transmute(flights, new_col = (arr_delay - dep_delay)))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## summarise()\n",
    "You can use summarise() to quickly collapse data frames into single rows using functions that aggregate results. Remember to use na.rm=TRUE to remove NA values."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<caption>A tibble: 1 × 1</caption>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>avg_air_time</th></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th></tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>150.6865</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "A tibble: 1 × 1\n",
       "\\begin{tabular}{l}\n",
       " avg\\_air\\_time\\\\\n",
       " <dbl>\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 150.6865\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "A tibble: 1 × 1\n",
       "\n",
       "| avg_air_time &lt;dbl&gt; |\n",
       "|---|\n",
       "| 150.6865 |\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  avg_air_time\n",
       "1 150.6865    "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "summarise(flights,avg_air_time=mean(air_time,na.rm=TRUE))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## sample_n() and sample_frac()\n",
    "You can use sample_n() and sample_frac() to take a random sample of rows: use sample_n() for a fixed number and sample_frac() for a fixed fraction."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<caption>A tibble: 10 × 19</caption>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>year</th><th scope=col>month</th><th scope=col>day</th><th scope=col>dep_time</th><th scope=col>sched_dep_time</th><th scope=col>dep_delay</th><th scope=col>arr_time</th><th scope=col>sched_arr_time</th><th scope=col>arr_delay</th><th scope=col>carrier</th><th scope=col>flight</th><th scope=col>tailnum</th><th scope=col>origin</th><th scope=col>dest</th><th scope=col>air_time</th><th scope=col>distance</th><th scope=col>hour</th><th scope=col>minute</th><th scope=col>time_hour</th></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dttm&gt;</th></tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td> 3</td><td>20</td><td> 700</td><td> 700</td><td> 0</td><td> 951</td><td>1008</td><td>-17</td><td>UA</td><td>1701</td><td>N76516</td><td>EWR</td><td>FLL</td><td>157</td><td>1065</td><td> 7</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-03-20 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td> 9</td><td>11</td><td>  NA</td><td>1735</td><td>NA</td><td>  NA</td><td>1944</td><td> NA</td><td>EV</td><td>4445</td><td>N14959</td><td>EWR</td><td>IND</td><td> NA</td><td> 645</td><td>17</td><td>35</td><td>2013-09-11 17:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td> 1</td><td>11</td><td>1323</td><td>1330</td><td>-7</td><td>1545</td><td>1605</td><td>-20</td><td>DL</td><td>2043</td><td>N388DA</td><td>JFK</td><td>ATL</td><td>117</td><td> 760</td><td>13</td><td>30</td><td>2013-01-11 13:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td> 4</td><td> 3</td><td> 659</td><td> 659</td><td> 0</td><td>1002</td><td>1010</td><td> -8</td><td>UA</td><td>1525</td><td>N39416</td><td>EWR</td><td>RSW</td><td>157</td><td>1068</td><td> 6</td><td>59</td><td>2013-04-03 06:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td> 5</td><td> 8</td><td>1838</td><td>1830</td><td> 8</td><td>2228</td><td>2200</td><td> 28</td><td>AA</td><td> 269</td><td>N3BKAA</td><td>JFK</td><td>SEA</td><td>319</td><td>2422</td><td>18</td><td>30</td><td>2013-05-08 18:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td> 3</td><td>17</td><td>2045</td><td>2040</td><td> 5</td><td>2154</td><td>2148</td><td>  6</td><td>B6</td><td>1178</td><td>N247JB</td><td>EWR</td><td>BOS</td><td> 40</td><td> 200</td><td>20</td><td>40</td><td>2013-03-17 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>11</td><td>14</td><td>1004</td><td>1000</td><td> 4</td><td>1255</td><td>1311</td><td>-16</td><td>UA</td><td>1257</td><td>N33289</td><td>LGA</td><td>IAH</td><td>196</td><td>1416</td><td>10</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-11-14 10:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>12</td><td>13</td><td>1850</td><td>1815</td><td>35</td><td>2250</td><td>2127</td><td> NA</td><td>9E</td><td>2915</td><td>N604LR</td><td>JFK</td><td>DFW</td><td> NA</td><td>1391</td><td>18</td><td>15</td><td>2013-12-13 18:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td> 2</td><td> 6</td><td>1913</td><td>1915</td><td>-2</td><td>2134</td><td>2137</td><td> -3</td><td>EV</td><td>4085</td><td>N12145</td><td>EWR</td><td>OMA</td><td>176</td><td>1134</td><td>19</td><td>15</td><td>2013-02-06 19:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td> 9</td><td>18</td><td> 651</td><td> 655</td><td>-4</td><td> 810</td><td> 824</td><td>-14</td><td>9E</td><td>3496</td><td>N904XJ</td><td>LGA</td><td>PIT</td><td> 53</td><td> 335</td><td> 6</td><td>55</td><td>2013-09-18 06:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "A tibble: 10 × 19\n",
       "\\begin{tabular}{lllllllllllllllllll}\n",
       " year & month & day & dep\\_time & sched\\_dep\\_time & dep\\_delay & arr\\_time & sched\\_arr\\_time & arr\\_delay & carrier & flight & tailnum & origin & dest & air\\_time & distance & hour & minute & time\\_hour\\\\\n",
       " <int> & <int> & <int> & <int> & <int> & <dbl> & <int> & <int> & <dbl> & <chr> & <int> & <chr> & <chr> & <chr> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dttm>\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 2013 &  3 & 20 &  700 &  700 &  0 &  951 & 1008 & -17 & UA & 1701 & N76516 & EWR & FLL & 157 & 1065 &  7 &  0 & 2013-03-20 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 &  9 & 11 &   NA & 1735 & NA &   NA & 1944 &  NA & EV & 4445 & N14959 & EWR & IND &  NA &  645 & 17 & 35 & 2013-09-11 17:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 &  1 & 11 & 1323 & 1330 & -7 & 1545 & 1605 & -20 & DL & 2043 & N388DA & JFK & ATL & 117 &  760 & 13 & 30 & 2013-01-11 13:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 &  4 &  3 &  659 &  659 &  0 & 1002 & 1010 &  -8 & UA & 1525 & N39416 & EWR & RSW & 157 & 1068 &  6 & 59 & 2013-04-03 06:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 &  5 &  8 & 1838 & 1830 &  8 & 2228 & 2200 &  28 & AA &  269 & N3BKAA & JFK & SEA & 319 & 2422 & 18 & 30 & 2013-05-08 18:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 &  3 & 17 & 2045 & 2040 &  5 & 2154 & 2148 &   6 & B6 & 1178 & N247JB & EWR & BOS &  40 &  200 & 20 & 40 & 2013-03-17 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 11 & 14 & 1004 & 1000 &  4 & 1255 & 1311 & -16 & UA & 1257 & N33289 & LGA & IAH & 196 & 1416 & 10 &  0 & 2013-11-14 10:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 12 & 13 & 1850 & 1815 & 35 & 2250 & 2127 &  NA & 9E & 2915 & N604LR & JFK & DFW &  NA & 1391 & 18 & 15 & 2013-12-13 18:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 &  2 &  6 & 1913 & 1915 & -2 & 2134 & 2137 &  -3 & EV & 4085 & N12145 & EWR & OMA & 176 & 1134 & 19 & 15 & 2013-02-06 19:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 &  9 & 18 &  651 &  655 & -4 &  810 &  824 & -14 & 9E & 3496 & N904XJ & LGA & PIT &  53 &  335 &  6 & 55 & 2013-09-18 06:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "A tibble: 10 × 19\n",
       "\n",
       "| year &lt;int&gt; | month &lt;int&gt; | day &lt;int&gt; | dep_time &lt;int&gt; | sched_dep_time &lt;int&gt; | dep_delay &lt;dbl&gt; | arr_time &lt;int&gt; | sched_arr_time &lt;int&gt; | arr_delay &lt;dbl&gt; | carrier &lt;chr&gt; | flight &lt;int&gt; | tailnum &lt;chr&gt; | origin &lt;chr&gt; | dest &lt;chr&gt; | air_time &lt;dbl&gt; | distance &lt;dbl&gt; | hour &lt;dbl&gt; | minute &lt;dbl&gt; | time_hour &lt;dttm&gt; |\n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 2013 |  3 | 20 |  700 |  700 |  0 |  951 | 1008 | -17 | UA | 1701 | N76516 | EWR | FLL | 157 | 1065 |  7 |  0 | 2013-03-20 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 |  9 | 11 |   NA | 1735 | NA |   NA | 1944 |  NA | EV | 4445 | N14959 | EWR | IND |  NA |  645 | 17 | 35 | 2013-09-11 17:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 |  1 | 11 | 1323 | 1330 | -7 | 1545 | 1605 | -20 | DL | 2043 | N388DA | JFK | ATL | 117 |  760 | 13 | 30 | 2013-01-11 13:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 |  4 |  3 |  659 |  659 |  0 | 1002 | 1010 |  -8 | UA | 1525 | N39416 | EWR | RSW | 157 | 1068 |  6 | 59 | 2013-04-03 06:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 |  5 |  8 | 1838 | 1830 |  8 | 2228 | 2200 |  28 | AA |  269 | N3BKAA | JFK | SEA | 319 | 2422 | 18 | 30 | 2013-05-08 18:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 |  3 | 17 | 2045 | 2040 |  5 | 2154 | 2148 |   6 | B6 | 1178 | N247JB | EWR | BOS |  40 |  200 | 20 | 40 | 2013-03-17 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 11 | 14 | 1004 | 1000 |  4 | 1255 | 1311 | -16 | UA | 1257 | N33289 | LGA | IAH | 196 | 1416 | 10 |  0 | 2013-11-14 10:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 12 | 13 | 1850 | 1815 | 35 | 2250 | 2127 |  NA | 9E | 2915 | N604LR | JFK | DFW |  NA | 1391 | 18 | 15 | 2013-12-13 18:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 |  2 |  6 | 1913 | 1915 | -2 | 2134 | 2137 |  -3 | EV | 4085 | N12145 | EWR | OMA | 176 | 1134 | 19 | 15 | 2013-02-06 19:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 |  9 | 18 |  651 |  655 | -4 |  810 |  824 | -14 | 9E | 3496 | N904XJ | LGA | PIT |  53 |  335 |  6 | 55 | 2013-09-18 06:00:00 |\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   year month day dep_time sched_dep_time dep_delay arr_time sched_arr_time\n",
       "1  2013  3    20   700      700            0         951     1008          \n",
       "2  2013  9    11    NA     1735           NA          NA     1944          \n",
       "3  2013  1    11  1323     1330           -7        1545     1605          \n",
       "4  2013  4     3   659      659            0        1002     1010          \n",
       "5  2013  5     8  1838     1830            8        2228     2200          \n",
       "6  2013  3    17  2045     2040            5        2154     2148          \n",
       "7  2013 11    14  1004     1000            4        1255     1311          \n",
       "8  2013 12    13  1850     1815           35        2250     2127          \n",
       "9  2013  2     6  1913     1915           -2        2134     2137          \n",
       "10 2013  9    18   651      655           -4         810      824          \n",
       "   arr_delay carrier flight tailnum origin dest air_time distance hour minute\n",
       "1  -17       UA      1701   N76516  EWR    FLL  157      1065      7    0    \n",
       "2   NA       EV      4445   N14959  EWR    IND   NA       645     17   35    \n",
       "3  -20       DL      2043   N388DA  JFK    ATL  117       760     13   30    \n",
       "4   -8       UA      1525   N39416  EWR    RSW  157      1068      6   59    \n",
       "5   28       AA       269   N3BKAA  JFK    SEA  319      2422     18   30    \n",
       "6    6       B6      1178   N247JB  EWR    BOS   40       200     20   40    \n",
       "7  -16       UA      1257   N33289  LGA    IAH  196      1416     10    0    \n",
       "8   NA       9E      2915   N604LR  JFK    DFW   NA      1391     18   15    \n",
       "9   -3       EV      4085   N12145  EWR    OMA  176      1134     19   15    \n",
       "10 -14       9E      3496   N904XJ  LGA    PIT   53       335      6   55    \n",
       "   time_hour          \n",
       "1  2013-03-20 07:00:00\n",
       "2  2013-09-11 17:00:00\n",
       "3  2013-01-11 13:00:00\n",
       "4  2013-04-03 06:00:00\n",
       "5  2013-05-08 18:00:00\n",
       "6  2013-03-17 20:00:00\n",
       "7  2013-11-14 10:00:00\n",
       "8  2013-12-13 18:00:00\n",
       "9  2013-02-06 19:00:00\n",
       "10 2013-09-18 06:00:00"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sample_n(flights,10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<caption>A tibble: 17 × 19</caption>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>year</th><th scope=col>month</th><th scope=col>day</th><th scope=col>dep_time</th><th scope=col>sched_dep_time</th><th scope=col>dep_delay</th><th scope=col>arr_time</th><th scope=col>sched_arr_time</th><th scope=col>arr_delay</th><th scope=col>carrier</th><th scope=col>flight</th><th scope=col>tailnum</th><th scope=col>origin</th><th scope=col>dest</th><th scope=col>air_time</th><th scope=col>distance</th><th scope=col>hour</th><th scope=col>minute</th><th scope=col>time_hour</th></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;int&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;chr&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dbl&gt;</th><th scope=col>&lt;dttm&gt;</th></tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td> 6</td><td> 7</td><td> 959</td><td> 938</td><td> 21</td><td>1224</td><td>1204</td><td> 20</td><td>9E</td><td>4065</td><td>N8709A</td><td>LGA</td><td>SDF</td><td>103</td><td> 659</td><td> 9</td><td>38</td><td>2013-06-07 09:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td> 4</td><td> 8</td><td> 454</td><td> 500</td><td> -6</td><td> 645</td><td> 640</td><td>  5</td><td>US</td><td>1843</td><td>N181UW</td><td>EWR</td><td>CLT</td><td> 84</td><td> 529</td><td> 5</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-04-08 05:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td> 3</td><td> 4</td><td>  11</td><td>2358</td><td> 13</td><td> 440</td><td> 438</td><td>  2</td><td>B6</td><td> 707</td><td>N509JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>SJU</td><td>192</td><td>1598</td><td>23</td><td>58</td><td>2013-03-04 23:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td> 9</td><td>16</td><td>1300</td><td>1300</td><td>  0</td><td>1540</td><td>1554</td><td>-14</td><td>UA</td><td>1117</td><td>N17128</td><td>EWR</td><td>MCO</td><td>133</td><td> 937</td><td>13</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-09-16 13:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td> 5</td><td>23</td><td>  NA</td><td>1555</td><td> NA</td><td>  NA</td><td>1715</td><td> NA</td><td>MQ</td><td>3695</td><td>N507MQ</td><td>EWR</td><td>ORD</td><td> NA</td><td> 719</td><td>15</td><td>55</td><td>2013-05-23 15:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td> 2</td><td>12</td><td>1502</td><td>1500</td><td>  2</td><td>1829</td><td>1825</td><td>  4</td><td>AA</td><td>1925</td><td>N3FUAA</td><td>LGA</td><td>MIA</td><td>165</td><td>1096</td><td>15</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-02-12 15:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td> 4</td><td>14</td><td> 620</td><td> 630</td><td>-10</td><td> 851</td><td> 852</td><td> -1</td><td>DL</td><td> 575</td><td>N358NB</td><td>EWR</td><td>ATL</td><td>117</td><td> 746</td><td> 6</td><td>30</td><td>2013-04-14 06:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>10</td><td>15</td><td>1441</td><td>1429</td><td> 12</td><td>1723</td><td>1730</td><td> -7</td><td>B6</td><td> 301</td><td>N547JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>FLL</td><td>132</td><td>1069</td><td>14</td><td>29</td><td>2013-10-15 14:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td> 6</td><td>26</td><td> 654</td><td> 700</td><td> -6</td><td> 747</td><td> 806</td><td>-19</td><td>US</td><td>2116</td><td>N953UW</td><td>LGA</td><td>BOS</td><td> 37</td><td> 184</td><td> 7</td><td> 0</td><td>2013-06-26 07:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td> 6</td><td> 4</td><td>1740</td><td>1745</td><td> -5</td><td>2006</td><td>2031</td><td>-25</td><td>B6</td><td> 527</td><td>N624JB</td><td>EWR</td><td>MCO</td><td>128</td><td> 937</td><td>17</td><td>45</td><td>2013-06-04 17:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td> 3</td><td> 6</td><td>  NA</td><td>1445</td><td> NA</td><td>  NA</td><td>1710</td><td> NA</td><td>MQ</td><td>4669</td><td>N3AEMQ</td><td>LGA</td><td>ATL</td><td> NA</td><td> 762</td><td>14</td><td>45</td><td>2013-03-06 14:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>10</td><td> 6</td><td>2006</td><td>2001</td><td>  5</td><td>2256</td><td>2314</td><td>-18</td><td>UA</td><td>1224</td><td>N37408</td><td>EWR</td><td>LAX</td><td>316</td><td>2454</td><td>20</td><td> 1</td><td>2013-10-06 20:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td> 3</td><td>21</td><td>1828</td><td>1810</td><td> 18</td><td>2122</td><td>2127</td><td> -5</td><td>B6</td><td> 217</td><td>N593JB</td><td>JFK</td><td>LGB</td><td>336</td><td>2465</td><td>18</td><td>10</td><td>2013-03-21 18:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td> 5</td><td>26</td><td> 814</td><td> 820</td><td> -6</td><td>1055</td><td>1113</td><td>-18</td><td>DL</td><td>1167</td><td>N304DQ</td><td>JFK</td><td>TPA</td><td>137</td><td>1005</td><td> 8</td><td>20</td><td>2013-05-26 08:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td>10</td><td>27</td><td>1348</td><td>1355</td><td> -7</td><td>1556</td><td>1555</td><td>  1</td><td>EV</td><td>4193</td><td>N11176</td><td>EWR</td><td>MSP</td><td>162</td><td>1008</td><td>13</td><td>55</td><td>2013-10-27 13:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td> 4</td><td>19</td><td>1126</td><td>1130</td><td> -4</td><td>1440</td><td>1434</td><td>  6</td><td>DL</td><td>2393</td><td>N911DL</td><td>LGA</td><td>TPA</td><td>147</td><td>1010</td><td>11</td><td>30</td><td>2013-04-19 11:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2013</td><td> 8</td><td>26</td><td>1420</td><td>1420</td><td>  0</td><td>1536</td><td>1553</td><td>-17</td><td>FL</td><td> 721</td><td>N972AT</td><td>LGA</td><td>CAK</td><td> 57</td><td> 397</td><td>14</td><td>20</td><td>2013-08-26 14:00:00</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "A tibble: 17 × 19\n",
       "\\begin{tabular}{lllllllllllllllllll}\n",
       " year & month & day & dep\\_time & sched\\_dep\\_time & dep\\_delay & arr\\_time & sched\\_arr\\_time & arr\\_delay & carrier & flight & tailnum & origin & dest & air\\_time & distance & hour & minute & time\\_hour\\\\\n",
       " <int> & <int> & <int> & <int> & <int> & <dbl> & <int> & <int> & <dbl> & <chr> & <int> & <chr> & <chr> & <chr> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dbl> & <dttm>\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 2013 &  6 &  7 &  959 &  938 &  21 & 1224 & 1204 &  20 & 9E & 4065 & N8709A & LGA & SDF & 103 &  659 &  9 & 38 & 2013-06-07 09:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 &  4 &  8 &  454 &  500 &  -6 &  645 &  640 &   5 & US & 1843 & N181UW & EWR & CLT &  84 &  529 &  5 &  0 & 2013-04-08 05:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 &  3 &  4 &   11 & 2358 &  13 &  440 &  438 &   2 & B6 &  707 & N509JB & JFK & SJU & 192 & 1598 & 23 & 58 & 2013-03-04 23:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 &  9 & 16 & 1300 & 1300 &   0 & 1540 & 1554 & -14 & UA & 1117 & N17128 & EWR & MCO & 133 &  937 & 13 &  0 & 2013-09-16 13:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 &  5 & 23 &   NA & 1555 &  NA &   NA & 1715 &  NA & MQ & 3695 & N507MQ & EWR & ORD &  NA &  719 & 15 & 55 & 2013-05-23 15:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 &  2 & 12 & 1502 & 1500 &   2 & 1829 & 1825 &   4 & AA & 1925 & N3FUAA & LGA & MIA & 165 & 1096 & 15 &  0 & 2013-02-12 15:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 &  4 & 14 &  620 &  630 & -10 &  851 &  852 &  -1 & DL &  575 & N358NB & EWR & ATL & 117 &  746 &  6 & 30 & 2013-04-14 06:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 10 & 15 & 1441 & 1429 &  12 & 1723 & 1730 &  -7 & B6 &  301 & N547JB & JFK & FLL & 132 & 1069 & 14 & 29 & 2013-10-15 14:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 &  6 & 26 &  654 &  700 &  -6 &  747 &  806 & -19 & US & 2116 & N953UW & LGA & BOS &  37 &  184 &  7 &  0 & 2013-06-26 07:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 &  6 &  4 & 1740 & 1745 &  -5 & 2006 & 2031 & -25 & B6 &  527 & N624JB & EWR & MCO & 128 &  937 & 17 & 45 & 2013-06-04 17:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 &  3 &  6 &   NA & 1445 &  NA &   NA & 1710 &  NA & MQ & 4669 & N3AEMQ & LGA & ATL &  NA &  762 & 14 & 45 & 2013-03-06 14:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 10 &  6 & 2006 & 2001 &   5 & 2256 & 2314 & -18 & UA & 1224 & N37408 & EWR & LAX & 316 & 2454 & 20 &  1 & 2013-10-06 20:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 &  3 & 21 & 1828 & 1810 &  18 & 2122 & 2127 &  -5 & B6 &  217 & N593JB & JFK & LGB & 336 & 2465 & 18 & 10 & 2013-03-21 18:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 &  5 & 26 &  814 &  820 &  -6 & 1055 & 1113 & -18 & DL & 1167 & N304DQ & JFK & TPA & 137 & 1005 &  8 & 20 & 2013-05-26 08:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 & 10 & 27 & 1348 & 1355 &  -7 & 1556 & 1555 &   1 & EV & 4193 & N11176 & EWR & MSP & 162 & 1008 & 13 & 55 & 2013-10-27 13:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 &  4 & 19 & 1126 & 1130 &  -4 & 1440 & 1434 &   6 & DL & 2393 & N911DL & LGA & TPA & 147 & 1010 & 11 & 30 & 2013-04-19 11:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\t 2013 &  8 & 26 & 1420 & 1420 &   0 & 1536 & 1553 & -17 & FL &  721 & N972AT & LGA & CAK &  57 &  397 & 14 & 20 & 2013-08-26 14:00:00\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "A tibble: 17 × 19\n",
       "\n",
       "| year &lt;int&gt; | month &lt;int&gt; | day &lt;int&gt; | dep_time &lt;int&gt; | sched_dep_time &lt;int&gt; | dep_delay &lt;dbl&gt; | arr_time &lt;int&gt; | sched_arr_time &lt;int&gt; | arr_delay &lt;dbl&gt; | carrier &lt;chr&gt; | flight &lt;int&gt; | tailnum &lt;chr&gt; | origin &lt;chr&gt; | dest &lt;chr&gt; | air_time &lt;dbl&gt; | distance &lt;dbl&gt; | hour &lt;dbl&gt; | minute &lt;dbl&gt; | time_hour &lt;dttm&gt; |\n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 2013 |  6 |  7 |  959 |  938 |  21 | 1224 | 1204 |  20 | 9E | 4065 | N8709A | LGA | SDF | 103 |  659 |  9 | 38 | 2013-06-07 09:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 |  4 |  8 |  454 |  500 |  -6 |  645 |  640 |   5 | US | 1843 | N181UW | EWR | CLT |  84 |  529 |  5 |  0 | 2013-04-08 05:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 |  3 |  4 |   11 | 2358 |  13 |  440 |  438 |   2 | B6 |  707 | N509JB | JFK | SJU | 192 | 1598 | 23 | 58 | 2013-03-04 23:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 |  9 | 16 | 1300 | 1300 |   0 | 1540 | 1554 | -14 | UA | 1117 | N17128 | EWR | MCO | 133 |  937 | 13 |  0 | 2013-09-16 13:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 |  5 | 23 |   NA | 1555 |  NA |   NA | 1715 |  NA | MQ | 3695 | N507MQ | EWR | ORD |  NA |  719 | 15 | 55 | 2013-05-23 15:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 |  2 | 12 | 1502 | 1500 |   2 | 1829 | 1825 |   4 | AA | 1925 | N3FUAA | LGA | MIA | 165 | 1096 | 15 |  0 | 2013-02-12 15:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 |  4 | 14 |  620 |  630 | -10 |  851 |  852 |  -1 | DL |  575 | N358NB | EWR | ATL | 117 |  746 |  6 | 30 | 2013-04-14 06:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 10 | 15 | 1441 | 1429 |  12 | 1723 | 1730 |  -7 | B6 |  301 | N547JB | JFK | FLL | 132 | 1069 | 14 | 29 | 2013-10-15 14:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 |  6 | 26 |  654 |  700 |  -6 |  747 |  806 | -19 | US | 2116 | N953UW | LGA | BOS |  37 |  184 |  7 |  0 | 2013-06-26 07:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 |  6 |  4 | 1740 | 1745 |  -5 | 2006 | 2031 | -25 | B6 |  527 | N624JB | EWR | MCO | 128 |  937 | 17 | 45 | 2013-06-04 17:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 |  3 |  6 |   NA | 1445 |  NA |   NA | 1710 |  NA | MQ | 4669 | N3AEMQ | LGA | ATL |  NA |  762 | 14 | 45 | 2013-03-06 14:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 10 |  6 | 2006 | 2001 |   5 | 2256 | 2314 | -18 | UA | 1224 | N37408 | EWR | LAX | 316 | 2454 | 20 |  1 | 2013-10-06 20:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 |  3 | 21 | 1828 | 1810 |  18 | 2122 | 2127 |  -5 | B6 |  217 | N593JB | JFK | LGB | 336 | 2465 | 18 | 10 | 2013-03-21 18:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 |  5 | 26 |  814 |  820 |  -6 | 1055 | 1113 | -18 | DL | 1167 | N304DQ | JFK | TPA | 137 | 1005 |  8 | 20 | 2013-05-26 08:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 | 10 | 27 | 1348 | 1355 |  -7 | 1556 | 1555 |   1 | EV | 4193 | N11176 | EWR | MSP | 162 | 1008 | 13 | 55 | 2013-10-27 13:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 |  4 | 19 | 1126 | 1130 |  -4 | 1440 | 1434 |   6 | DL | 2393 | N911DL | LGA | TPA | 147 | 1010 | 11 | 30 | 2013-04-19 11:00:00 |\n",
       "| 2013 |  8 | 26 | 1420 | 1420 |   0 | 1536 | 1553 | -17 | FL |  721 | N972AT | LGA | CAK |  57 |  397 | 14 | 20 | 2013-08-26 14:00:00 |\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   year month day dep_time sched_dep_time dep_delay arr_time sched_arr_time\n",
       "1  2013  6     7   959      938            21       1224     1204          \n",
       "2  2013  4     8   454      500            -6        645      640          \n",
       "3  2013  3     4    11     2358            13        440      438          \n",
       "4  2013  9    16  1300     1300             0       1540     1554          \n",
       "5  2013  5    23    NA     1555            NA         NA     1715          \n",
       "6  2013  2    12  1502     1500             2       1829     1825          \n",
       "7  2013  4    14   620      630           -10        851      852          \n",
       "8  2013 10    15  1441     1429            12       1723     1730          \n",
       "9  2013  6    26   654      700            -6        747      806          \n",
       "10 2013  6     4  1740     1745            -5       2006     2031          \n",
       "11 2013  3     6    NA     1445            NA         NA     1710          \n",
       "12 2013 10     6  2006     2001             5       2256     2314          \n",
       "13 2013  3    21  1828     1810            18       2122     2127          \n",
       "14 2013  5    26   814      820            -6       1055     1113          \n",
       "15 2013 10    27  1348     1355            -7       1556     1555          \n",
       "16 2013  4    19  1126     1130            -4       1440     1434          \n",
       "17 2013  8    26  1420     1420             0       1536     1553          \n",
       "   arr_delay carrier flight tailnum origin dest air_time distance hour minute\n",
       "1   20       9E      4065   N8709A  LGA    SDF  103       659      9   38    \n",
       "2    5       US      1843   N181UW  EWR    CLT   84       529      5    0    \n",
       "3    2       B6       707   N509JB  JFK    SJU  192      1598     23   58    \n",
       "4  -14       UA      1117   N17128  EWR    MCO  133       937     13    0    \n",
       "5   NA       MQ      3695   N507MQ  EWR    ORD   NA       719     15   55    \n",
       "6    4       AA      1925   N3FUAA  LGA    MIA  165      1096     15    0    \n",
       "7   -1       DL       575   N358NB  EWR    ATL  117       746      6   30    \n",
       "8   -7       B6       301   N547JB  JFK    FLL  132      1069     14   29    \n",
       "9  -19       US      2116   N953UW  LGA    BOS   37       184      7    0    \n",
       "10 -25       B6       527   N624JB  EWR    MCO  128       937     17   45    \n",
       "11  NA       MQ      4669   N3AEMQ  LGA    ATL   NA       762     14   45    \n",
       "12 -18       UA      1224   N37408  EWR    LAX  316      2454     20    1    \n",
       "13  -5       B6       217   N593JB  JFK    LGB  336      2465     18   10    \n",
       "14 -18       DL      1167   N304DQ  JFK    TPA  137      1005      8   20    \n",
       "15   1       EV      4193   N11176  EWR    MSP  162      1008     13   55    \n",
       "16   6       DL      2393   N911DL  LGA    TPA  147      1010     11   30    \n",
       "17 -17       FL       721   N972AT  LGA    CAK   57       397     14   20    \n",
       "   time_hour          \n",
       "1  2013-06-07 09:00:00\n",
       "2  2013-04-08 05:00:00\n",
       "3  2013-03-04 23:00:00\n",
       "4  2013-09-16 13:00:00\n",
       "5  2013-05-23 15:00:00\n",
       "6  2013-02-12 15:00:00\n",
       "7  2013-04-14 06:00:00\n",
       "8  2013-10-15 14:00:00\n",
       "9  2013-06-26 07:00:00\n",
       "10 2013-06-04 17:00:00\n",
       "11 2013-03-06 14:00:00\n",
       "12 2013-10-06 20:00:00\n",
       "13 2013-03-21 18:00:00\n",
       "14 2013-05-26 08:00:00\n",
       "15 2013-10-27 13:00:00\n",
       "16 2013-04-19 11:00:00\n",
       "17 2013-08-26 14:00:00"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# .005% of the data\n",
    "sample_frac(flights,0.00005) # USE replace=TRUE for bootstrap sampling"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Conclusion\n",
    "Hopefully you've seen how dplyr() can save you lots of time and headaches! Remember to use help() or just reference the documentation if you ever need help using the package!"
   ]
  }
 ],
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