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laravel-zero-downtime-migration

Zero downtime migrations with Laravel and gh-ost or pt-online-schema-change.

NOTE: works only with MySQL databases, including (Percona & MariaDB).

Installation

Compatible with Laravel 8.0, 9.0 & 10.0. For older version support, please use v1.0.

Prerequisites

If you are using gh-ost then make sure you download the binary from their releases page:

If you are using pt-online-schema-change then make sure you have percona-toolkit installed.

  • On Mac you can install it using brew brew install percona-toolkit.
  • On Debian/Ubuntu apt-get install percona-toolkit.

Installation steps

  1. Run composer require daursu/laravel-zero-downtime-migration
  2. (Optional) Add the service provider to your config/app.php file, if you are not using autoloading.
Daursu\ZeroDowntimeMigration\ServiceProvider::class,
  1. Update your config/database.php and add a new connection:

This package support pt-online-schema-change and gh-ost. Below are the configurations for each package:

gh-ost
'connections' => [
    'zero-downtime' => [
        'driver' => 'gh-ost',
        
        // This is your master write access database connection details
        'host' => env('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
        'port' => env('DB_PORT', '3306'),
        'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
        'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
        'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
        
        // Additional options, depending on your setup
        // all options available here: https://github.com/github/gh-ost/blob/master/doc/cheatsheet.md
        'params' => [
            '--max-load=Threads_running=25',
            '--critical-load=Threads_running=1000',
            '--chunk-size=1000',
            '--throttle-control-replicas=myreplica.1.com,myreplica.2.com',
            '--max-lag-millis=1500',
            '--verbose',
            '--switch-to-rbr',
            '--exact-rowcount',
            '--concurrent-rowcount',
            '--default-retries=120',
        ],
    ],
],
pt-online-schema-change
'connections' => [
    'zero-downtime' => [
        'driver' => 'pt-online-schema-change',
        
        // This is your master write access database connection details
        'host' => env('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
        'port' => env('DB_PORT', '3306'),
        'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
        'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
        'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
        
        // Additional options, depending on your setup
        // all options available here: https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-toolkit/LATEST/pt-online-schema-change.html
        'params' => [
            '--nocheck-replication-filters',
            '--nocheck-unique-key-change',
            '--recursion-method=none',
            '--chunk-size=2000',
        ],
    ],
],

Usage

When writing a new migration, use the helper facade ZeroDowntimeSchema instead of Laravel's Schema, and all your commands will run through gh-ost or pt-online-schema-change.

<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Daursu\ZeroDowntimeMigration\ZeroDowntimeSchema;

class AddPhoneNumberToUsersTable extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        ZeroDowntimeSchema::table('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->string('phone_number')->nullable();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        ZeroDowntimeSchema::table('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->dropColumn('phone-number');
        });
    }
}

Run php artisan:migrate

Configuration

All the configuration is done inside config/database.php on the connection itself. You can pass down custom flags to the raw pt-online-schema-change command. Simply add the parameters you want inside the params array like so:

'params' => [
    '--nocheck-replication-filters',
    '--nocheck-unique-key-change',
    '--recursion-method=none',
    '--chunk-size=2000',
]

You can find all the possible options here: https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-toolkit/LATEST/pt-online-schema-change.html

Tests

The ZeroDowntimeSchema facades allows you disable running pt-online-schema-change during tests. To do so, in your base test case TestCase.php under the setUp method add the following:

public function setUp()
{
   // ... existing code
   ZeroDowntimeSchema::disable();
}

This will disable pt-online-schema-change and all the migrations using the helper facade will run through the default laravel migrator.

Custom connection name

By default, the connection name used by ZeroDowntimeSchema helper is set to zero-downtime, however you can override this if you called your connection something else in config/database.php.

To do so, in your AppServiceProvider.php add the following under the boot() method:

public function boot()
{
    // ... existing code
    ZeroDowntimeSchema::$connection = 'your-custom-name';
}

Replication

If your database is running in a cluster with replication, then you need to configure how pt-online-schema-changes finds your replica slaves. Here's an example setup, but feel free to customize it to your own needs

'params' => [
    '--nocheck-replication-filters',
    '--nocheck-unique-key-change',
    '--recursion-method=dsn=D=database_name,t=dsns',
    '--chunk-size=2000',
]
  1. Replace database_name with your database name.
  2. Create a new table called dsns
CREATE TABLE `dsns` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `parent_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `dsn` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
  1. Add a new row for each replica you have, example
INSERT INTO `dsns` (`id`, `parent_id`, `dsn`)
VALUES
	(1, NULL, 'h=my-replica-1.example.org,P=3306');

Upgrade to v1

There is one breaking change introduced in v1, that requires to modify the configuration in database.php. The additional parameters array passed down to pt-online-schema-change or gh-ost has been renamed from options to params. This change was required as the name options conflicts with Laravel's database configuration that is automatically passed down to PDO.

// Before
'options' => [
    '--nocheck-replication-filters',
    '--nocheck-unique-key-change',
    '--recursion-method=none',
    '--chunk-size=2000',
]

// After
'params' => [
    '--nocheck-replication-filters',
    '--nocheck-unique-key-change',
    '--recursion-method=none',
    '--chunk-size=2000',
]

Gotchas

  • This only works with MySQL, Percona & MariaDB
  • Use this tool when you need to alter a table, not when creating or dropping tables.