diff --git a/examples/hybrid/hybrid3dcs_dss.jl b/examples/hybrid/hybrid3dcs_dss.jl
index 7cf1605444..ecffa77ada 100644
--- a/examples/hybrid/hybrid3dcs_dss.jl
+++ b/examples/hybrid/hybrid3dcs_dss.jl
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ function hybrid3dcubedsphere_dss_profiler(
 
     # precompile relevant functions
     space = axes(Y.c)
-    horizontal_topology = space.horizontal_space.topology
+    horizontal_topology = Spaces.topology(space)
     Spaces.weighted_dss_internal!(Y.c, ghost_buffer.c)
     weighted_dss_full!(Y.c, ghost_buffer.c)
     Spaces.fill_send_buffer!(
diff --git a/examples/hybrid/sphere/hadley_circulation.jl b/examples/hybrid/sphere/hadley_circulation.jl
index 441bcb326c..2b1db316e9 100644
--- a/examples/hybrid/sphere/hadley_circulation.jl
+++ b/examples/hybrid/sphere/hadley_circulation.jl
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ end
 
 # write out our cubed sphere mesh
 meshfile_cc = remap_tmpdir * "mesh_cubedsphere.g"
-write_exodus(meshfile_cc, hv_center_space.horizontal_space.topology)
+write_exodus(meshfile_cc, Spaces.topology(hv_center_space))
 
 # write out RLL mesh
 nlat = 90
diff --git a/examples/hybrid/sphere/remap_pipeline.jl b/examples/hybrid/sphere/remap_pipeline.jl
index d08db291cb..1fffecc833 100644
--- a/examples/hybrid/sphere/remap_pipeline.jl
+++ b/examples/hybrid/sphere/remap_pipeline.jl
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ function remap2latlon(filein, nc_dir, nlat, nlon)
 
     # write out our cubed sphere mesh
     meshfile_cc = remap_tmpdir * "mesh_cubedsphere.g"
-    write_exodus(meshfile_cc, hspace.topology)
+    write_exodus(meshfile_cc, Spaces.topology(hspace))
 
     meshfile_rll = remap_tmpdir * "mesh_rll.g"
     rll_mesh(meshfile_rll; nlat = nlat, nlon = nlon)
diff --git a/examples/sphere/limiters_advection.jl b/examples/sphere/limiters_advection.jl
index db0e5bb23b..49e7e0ea98 100644
--- a/examples/sphere/limiters_advection.jl
+++ b/examples/sphere/limiters_advection.jl
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ for (k, ne) in enumerate(ne_seq)
         Spaces.SpectralElementSpace2D(grid_topology, quad; enable_bubble = true)
 
     # Initialize variables needed for limiters
-    n_elems = Topologies.nlocalelems(space.topology)
+    n_elems = Topologies.nlocalelems(Spaces.topology(space))
     min_q = zeros(n_elems)
     max_q = zeros(n_elems)
 
diff --git a/examples/sphere/shallow_water_cuda.jl b/examples/sphere/shallow_water_cuda.jl
index 329e1782cb..407402e6d7 100644
--- a/examples/sphere/shallow_water_cuda.jl
+++ b/examples/sphere/shallow_water_cuda.jl
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ function rhs!(dYdt_fv, y_fv, parameters, t)
                     wcurl(Geometry.Covariant3Vector(curl(y.u))),
                 )
 
-            NVTX.@range "dss" Spaces.weighted_dss2!(dYdt, ghost_buffer)
+            NVTX.@range "dss" Spaces.weighted_dss!(dYdt, ghost_buffer)
         end
 
         NVTX.@range "tendency" begin
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ function rhs!(dYdt_fv, y_fv, parameters, t)
                 dYdt.u += -grad(g * (y.h + h_s) + norm(y.u)^2 / 2) #+
                 dYdt.u += y.u × (f + curl(y.u))
             end
-            NVTX.@range "dss" Spaces.weighted_dss2!(dYdt, ghost_buffer)
+            NVTX.@range "dss" Spaces.weighted_dss!(dYdt, ghost_buffer)
         end
     end
     return dYdt_fv
diff --git a/lib/ClimaCorePlots/src/ClimaCorePlots.jl b/lib/ClimaCorePlots/src/ClimaCorePlots.jl
index 226f218548..5181862303 100644
--- a/lib/ClimaCorePlots/src/ClimaCorePlots.jl
+++ b/lib/ClimaCorePlots/src/ClimaCorePlots.jl
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ RecipesBase.@recipe function f(space::Spaces.ExtrudedFiniteDifferenceSpace)
     #TODO: assumes VIFH layout
     @assert Nj == 1 "plotting only defined for 1D extruded fields"
 
-    hspace = space.horizontal_space
+    hspace = Spaces.horizontal_space(space)
 
     quad = Spaces.quadrature_style(hspace)
     quad_name = Base.typename(typeof(quad)).name
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ function _slice_triplot(field, hinterpolate, ncolors)
     Ni, Nj, _, Nv, Nh = size(data)
 
     space = axes(field)
-    htopology = Spaces.topology(space.horizontal_space)
+    htopology = Spaces.topology(space)
     hdomain = Topologies.domain(htopology)
     vdomain = Topologies.domain(space.vertical_topology)
 
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ function _slice_along(field, coord)
         )
     end
     space = axes(field)
-    hspace = space.horizontal_space
+    hspace = Spaces.horizontal_space(space)
     htopo = ClimaCore.Spaces.topology(hspace)
     hmesh = htopo.mesh
     linear_idx = LinearIndices(ClimaCore.Meshes.elements(hmesh))
diff --git a/lib/ClimaCoreTempestRemap/src/netcdf.jl b/lib/ClimaCoreTempestRemap/src/netcdf.jl
index 13c07d87ef..c6c514aa19 100644
--- a/lib/ClimaCoreTempestRemap/src/netcdf.jl
+++ b/lib/ClimaCoreTempestRemap/src/netcdf.jl
@@ -224,13 +224,17 @@ end
 
 function def_space_coord(
     nc::NCDataset,
-    space::Spaces.ExtrudedFiniteDifferenceSpace{S};
+    space::Spaces.ExtrudedFiniteDifferenceSpace;
     type = "dgll",
-) where {S <: Spaces.Staggering}
-    hvar = def_space_coord(nc, space.horizontal_space; type = type)
+)
+    staggering = Spaces.staggering(space)
+    hvar = def_space_coord(nc, Spaces.horizontal_space(space); type = type)
     vvar = def_space_coord(
         nc,
-        Spaces.FiniteDifferenceSpace{S}(space.vertical_topology),
+        Spaces.FiniteDifferenceSpace(
+            Spaces.vertical_topology(space),
+            staggering,
+        ),
     )
     (hvar..., vvar...)
 end
@@ -332,7 +336,7 @@ function Base.setindex!(
 )
     nc = NCDataset(var)
     space = axes(field)
-    hspace = space.horizontal_space
+    hspace = Spaces.horizontal_space(space)
     if nc.attrib["node_type"] == "cgll"
         nodes = Spaces.unique_nodes(hspace)
     elseif nc.attrib["node_type"] == "dgll"
diff --git a/lib/ClimaCoreTempestRemap/src/onlineremap.jl b/lib/ClimaCoreTempestRemap/src/onlineremap.jl
index 9ea2cb988e..14cb831b00 100644
--- a/lib/ClimaCoreTempestRemap/src/onlineremap.jl
+++ b/lib/ClimaCoreTempestRemap/src/onlineremap.jl
@@ -71,9 +71,7 @@ function remap!(
     # using out_type == "cgll"
     if R.out_type == "cgll"
         topology = Spaces.topology(R.target_space)
-        hspace = Spaces.horizontal_space(R.target_space)
-        quadrature_style = Spaces.quadrature_style(hspace)
-        Spaces.dss2!(target, topology, quadrature_style)
+        Topologies.dss!(target, topology)
     end
     return target
 end
@@ -131,13 +129,7 @@ function remap!(target::Fields.Field, R::LinearMap, source::Fields.Field)
         # using out_type == "cgll"
         if R.out_type == "cgll"
             topology = Spaces.topology(axes(target))
-            hspace = Spaces.horizontal_space(axes(target))
-            quadrature_style = Spaces.quadrature_style(hspace)
-            Spaces.dss2!(
-                Fields.field_values(target),
-                topology,
-                quadrature_style,
-            )
+            Topologies.dss!(Fields.field_values(target), topology)
         end
         return target
     end
diff --git a/lib/ClimaCoreTempestRemap/test/online_remap.jl b/lib/ClimaCoreTempestRemap/test/online_remap.jl
index 3d6233378c..d1aa95303d 100644
--- a/lib/ClimaCoreTempestRemap/test/online_remap.jl
+++ b/lib/ClimaCoreTempestRemap/test/online_remap.jl
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ function reshape_sparse_to_field!(field::Fields.Field, in_array::Array, R)
     topology = Spaces.topology(axes(field))
     hspace = Spaces.horizontal_space(axes(field))
     quadrature_style = Spaces.quadrature_style(hspace)
-    Spaces.dss2!(Fields.field_values(field), topology, quadrature_style)
+    Topologies.dss!(Fields.field_values(field), topology)
     return field
 end
 
diff --git a/src/Fields/indices.jl b/src/Fields/indices.jl
index 3491a99962..89cac213b7 100644
--- a/src/Fields/indices.jl
+++ b/src/Fields/indices.jl
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ function byslab(
     ::ClimaComms.CPUMultiThreaded,
     space::Spaces.AbstractSpectralElementSpace,
 )
-    Nh = Topologies.nlocalelems(space.topology)::Int
+    Nh = Topologies.nlocalelems(Spaces.topology(space))::Int
     @inbounds begin
         Threads.@threads for h in 1:Nh
             fn(SlabIndex(nothing, h))
diff --git a/src/Grids/Grids.jl b/src/Grids/Grids.jl
index 915cdcdacf..7d594d0d8d 100644
--- a/src/Grids/Grids.jl
+++ b/src/Grids/Grids.jl
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ function vertical_topology end
 ClimaComms.context(grid::AbstractGrid) = ClimaComms.context(topology(grid))
 ClimaComms.device(grid::AbstractGrid) = ClimaComms.device(topology(grid))
 
-Meshes.domain(grid::AbstractGrid) = Meshes.domain(Topologies.topology(grid))
+Meshes.domain(grid::AbstractGrid) = Meshes.domain(topology(grid))
 
 include("finitedifference.jl")
 include("spectralelement.jl")
diff --git a/src/InputOutput/writers.jl b/src/InputOutput/writers.jl
index 3a3645ba16..7b19b1e30e 100644
--- a/src/InputOutput/writers.jl
+++ b/src/InputOutput/writers.jl
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ function write_new!(
         "quadrature_num_points",
         Quadratures.degrees_of_freedom(Spaces.quadrature_style(space)),
     )
-    write_attribute(group, "topology", write!(writer, space.topology))
+    write_attribute(group, "topology", write!(writer, Spaces.topology(space)))
     return name
 end
 
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ function write_new!(
         "quadrature_num_points",
         Quadratures.degrees_of_freedom(Spaces.quadrature_style(space)),
     )
-    write_attribute(group, "topology", write!(writer, space.topology))
+    write_attribute(group, "topology", write!(writer, Spaces.topology(space)))
     return name
 end
 
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ function write_new!(
 )
     group = create_group(writer.file, "grids/$name")
     write_attribute(group, "type", "FiniteDifferenceGrid")
-    write_attribute(group, "topology", write!(writer, space.topology))
+    write_attribute(group, "topology", write!(writer, Spaces.topology(space)))
     return name
 end
 
diff --git a/src/Operators/numericalflux.jl b/src/Operators/numericalflux.jl
index 4137e03122..d767c4cedc 100644
--- a/src/Operators/numericalflux.jl
+++ b/src/Operators/numericalflux.jl
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ See also:
 function add_numerical_flux_internal!(fn, dydt, args...)
     space = axes(dydt)
     Nq = Spaces.Quadratures.degrees_of_freedom(Spaces.quadrature_style(space))
-    topology = space.topology
+    topology = Spaces.topology(space)
 
     for (iface, (elem⁻, face⁻, elem⁺, face⁺, reversed)) in
         enumerate(Topologies.interior_faces(topology))
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ end
 function add_numerical_flux_boundary!(fn, dydt, args...)
     space = axes(dydt)
     Nq = Spaces.Quadratures.degrees_of_freedom(Spaces.quadrature_style(space))
-    topology = space.topology
+    topology = Spaces.topology(space)
 
     for (iboundary, boundarytag) in
         enumerate(Topologies.boundary_tags(topology))
diff --git a/src/Spaces/extruded.jl b/src/Spaces/extruded.jl
index 68eba562a6..3892989ca4 100644
--- a/src/Spaces/extruded.jl
+++ b/src/Spaces/extruded.jl
@@ -38,11 +38,16 @@ function ExtrudedFiniteDifferenceSpace(
     return ExtrudedFiniteDifferenceSpace(grid, vertical_space.staggering)
 end
 
+FaceExtrudedFiniteDifferenceSpace(grid::Grids.ExtrudedFiniteDifferenceGrid) =
+    ExtrudedFiniteDifferenceSpace(grid, CellFace())
+CenterExtrudedFiniteDifferenceSpace(grid::Grids.ExtrudedFiniteDifferenceGrid) =
+    ExtrudedFiniteDifferenceSpace(grid, CellCenter())
 FaceExtrudedFiniteDifferenceSpace(space::ExtrudedFiniteDifferenceSpace) =
     ExtrudedFiniteDifferenceSpace(space.grid, CellFace())
 CenterExtrudedFiniteDifferenceSpace(space::ExtrudedFiniteDifferenceSpace) =
     ExtrudedFiniteDifferenceSpace(space.grid, CellCenter())
 
+
 local_dss_weights(space::ExtrudedFiniteDifferenceSpace) =
     local_dss_weights(grid(space))
 
@@ -115,10 +120,10 @@ function Base.show(io::IO, space::ExtrudedFiniteDifferenceSpace)
     )
     print(iio, " "^(indent + 2), "context: ")
     hspace = Spaces.horizontal_space(space)
-    Topologies.print_context(iio, hspace.topology.context)
+    Topologies.print_context(iio, Spaces.topology(hspace).context)
     println(iio)
     println(iio, " "^(indent + 2), "horizontal:")
-    println(iio, " "^(indent + 4), "mesh: ", hspace.topology.mesh)
+    println(iio, " "^(indent + 4), "mesh: ", Spaces.topology(hspace).mesh)
     println(iio, " "^(indent + 4), "quadrature: ", quadrature_style(hspace))
     println(iio, " "^(indent + 2), "vertical:")
     print(iio, " "^(indent + 4), "mesh: ", space.vertical_topology.mesh)
diff --git a/src/Spaces/finitedifference.jl b/src/Spaces/finitedifference.jl
index e3e21c5fb8..9b18b1ae3d 100644
--- a/src/Spaces/finitedifference.jl
+++ b/src/Spaces/finitedifference.jl
@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
 abstract type AbstractFiniteDifferenceSpace <: AbstractSpace end
 
 """
-    FiniteDifferenceSpace(staggering::Staggering, grid::Grids.FiniteDifferenceGrid)
+    FiniteDifferenceSpace(
+        grid::Grids.FiniteDifferenceGrid,
+        staggering::Staggering, 
+    )
+
+
 
 """
 struct FiniteDifferenceSpace{
@@ -11,6 +16,11 @@ struct FiniteDifferenceSpace{
     grid::G
     staggering::S
 end
+FiniteDifferenceSpace(
+    topology::Topologies.IntervalTopology,
+    staggering::Staggering,
+) = FiniteDifferenceSpace(Grids.FiniteDifferenceGrid(topology), staggering)
+
 
 const FaceFiniteDifferenceSpace{G} = FiniteDifferenceSpace{G, CellFace}
 const CenterFiniteDifferenceSpace{G} = FiniteDifferenceSpace{G, CellCenter}
diff --git a/src/Spaces/spectralelement.jl b/src/Spaces/spectralelement.jl
index fb23dabee1..817b52f9b1 100644
--- a/src/Spaces/spectralelement.jl
+++ b/src/Spaces/spectralelement.jl
@@ -203,28 +203,28 @@ function Base.iterate(
         # this also doesn't deal with the case where eo == e
         if j == 1
             # face 1
-            eo, _, _ = Topologies.opposing_face(space.topology, e, 1)
+            eo, _, _ = Topologies.opposing_face(Spaces.topology(space), e, 1)
             if 0 < eo < e
                 continue
             end
         end
         if i == Nq
             # face 2
-            eo, _, _ = Topologies.opposing_face(space.topology, e, 2)
+            eo, _, _ = Topologies.opposing_face(Spaces.topology(space), e, 2)
             if 0 < eo < e
                 continue
             end
         end
         if j == Nq
             # face 3
-            eo, _, _ = Topologies.opposing_face(space.topology, e, 3)
+            eo, _, _ = Topologies.opposing_face(Spaces.topology(space), e, 3)
             if 0 < eo < e
                 continue
             end
         end
         if i == 1
             # face 4
-            eo, _, _ = Topologies.opposing_face(space.topology, e, 4)
+            eo, _, _ = Topologies.opposing_face(Spaces.topology(space), e, 4)
             if 0 < eo < e
                 continue
             end
diff --git a/test/Spaces/ddss1.jl b/test/Spaces/ddss1.jl
index 908fe35d3e..05b63e678d 100644
--- a/test/Spaces/ddss1.jl
+++ b/test/Spaces/ddss1.jl
@@ -66,10 +66,14 @@ init_state_vector(local_geometry, p) = Geometry.Covariant12Vector(1.0, -1.0)
 
     @test Topologies.nlocalelems(Spaces.topology(space)) == 4
 
-    @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(space.topology, 1) == [2, 4]
-    @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(space.topology, 2) == [1, 3]
-    @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(space.topology, 3) == [2, 4]
-    @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(space.topology, 4) == [1, 3]
+    @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(Spaces.topology(space), 1) ==
+          [2, 4]
+    @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(Spaces.topology(space), 2) ==
+          [1, 3]
+    @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(Spaces.topology(space), 3) ==
+          [2, 4]
+    @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(Spaces.topology(space), 4) ==
+          [1, 3]
 
     y0 = init_state_scalar.(Fields.local_geometry_field(space), Ref(nothing))
     nel = Topologies.nlocalelems(Spaces.topology(space))
diff --git a/test/Spaces/distributed/ddss2.jl b/test/Spaces/distributed/ddss2.jl
index f2ce3d7dbe..594b7c5f5a 100644
--- a/test/Spaces/distributed/ddss2.jl
+++ b/test/Spaces/distributed/ddss2.jl
@@ -17,11 +17,15 @@ include("ddss_setup.jl")
 
     @test Topologies.nlocalelems(Spaces.topology(space)) == 2
 
-    @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(space.topology, 1) == [2]
-    @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(space.topology, 2) == [1]
+    @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(Spaces.topology(space), 1) ==
+          [2]
+    @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(Spaces.topology(space), 2) ==
+          [1]
 
-    @test Topologies.ghost_neighboring_elements(space.topology, 1) == [2]
-    @test Topologies.ghost_neighboring_elements(space.topology, 2) == [1]
+    @test Topologies.ghost_neighboring_elements(Spaces.topology(space), 1) ==
+          [2]
+    @test Topologies.ghost_neighboring_elements(Spaces.topology(space), 2) ==
+          [1]
 
     init_state(local_geometry, p) = (ρ = 1.0)
     y0 = init_state.(Fields.local_geometry_field(space), Ref(nothing))
diff --git a/test/Spaces/distributed/ddss3.jl b/test/Spaces/distributed/ddss3.jl
index acdbf994b9..9981a03ab6 100644
--- a/test/Spaces/distributed/ddss3.jl
+++ b/test/Spaces/distributed/ddss3.jl
@@ -39,22 +39,31 @@ partition numbers
     @test Topologies.nlocalelems(Spaces.topology(space)) == (pid == 1 ? 6 : 5)
     if pid == 1
         # gidx 1
-        @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(space.topology, 1) ==
-              [2, 5, 6]
-        @test Topologies.ghost_neighboring_elements(space.topology, 1) == []
+        @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(
+            Spaces.topology(space),
+            1,
+        ) == [2, 5, 6]
+        @test Topologies.ghost_neighboring_elements(
+            Spaces.topology(space),
+            1,
+        ) == []
         # gidx 6
-        @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(space.topology, 6) ==
-              [1, 2, 3, 5]
-        @test space.topology.recv_elem_gidx[Topologies.ghost_neighboring_elements(
-            space.topology,
+        @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(
+            Spaces.topology(space),
+            6,
+        ) == [1, 2, 3, 5]
+        @test Spaces.topology(space).recv_elem_gidx[Topologies.ghost_neighboring_elements(
+            Spaces.topology(space),
             6,
         )] == [7, 9, 10, 11]
     elseif pid == 2
         # gidx 7
-        @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(space.topology, 1) ==
-              [2, 4, 5]
-        @test space.topology.recv_elem_gidx[Topologies.ghost_neighboring_elements(
-            space.topology,
+        @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(
+            Spaces.topology(space),
+            1,
+        ) == [2, 4, 5]
+        @test Spaces.topology(space).recv_elem_gidx[Topologies.ghost_neighboring_elements(
+            Spaces.topology(space),
             1,
         )] == [2, 3, 4, 6, 12]
     end
diff --git a/test/Spaces/distributed_cuda/ddss2.jl b/test/Spaces/distributed_cuda/ddss2.jl
index 8b26bad751..c7e5748c10 100644
--- a/test/Spaces/distributed_cuda/ddss2.jl
+++ b/test/Spaces/distributed_cuda/ddss2.jl
@@ -59,11 +59,15 @@ pid, nprocs = ClimaComms.init(context)
 
     @test Topologies.nlocalelems(Spaces.topology(space)) == 2
 
-    @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(space.topology, 1) == [2]
-    @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(space.topology, 2) == [1]
+    @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(Spaces.topology(space), 1) ==
+          [2]
+    @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(Spaces.topology(space), 2) ==
+          [1]
 
-    @test Topologies.ghost_neighboring_elements(space.topology, 1) == [2]
-    @test Topologies.ghost_neighboring_elements(space.topology, 2) == [1]
+    @test Topologies.ghost_neighboring_elements(Spaces.topology(space), 1) ==
+          [2]
+    @test Topologies.ghost_neighboring_elements(Spaces.topology(space), 2) ==
+          [1]
 
     init_state(local_geometry, p) = (ρ = 1.0)
     y0 = init_state.(Fields.local_geometry_field(space), Ref(nothing))
diff --git a/test/Spaces/distributed_cuda/ddss3.jl b/test/Spaces/distributed_cuda/ddss3.jl
index fcf39a16f1..1bca8d268b 100644
--- a/test/Spaces/distributed_cuda/ddss3.jl
+++ b/test/Spaces/distributed_cuda/ddss3.jl
@@ -80,22 +80,31 @@ partition numbers
     @test Topologies.nlocalelems(Spaces.topology(space)) == (pid == 1 ? 6 : 5)
     if pid == 1
         # gidx 1
-        @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(space.topology, 1) ==
-              [2, 5, 6]
-        @test Topologies.ghost_neighboring_elements(space.topology, 1) == []
+        @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(
+            Spaces.topology(space),
+            1,
+        ) == [2, 5, 6]
+        @test Topologies.ghost_neighboring_elements(
+            Spaces.topology(space),
+            1,
+        ) == []
         # gidx 6
-        @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(space.topology, 6) ==
-              [1, 2, 3, 5]
-        @test space.topology.recv_elem_gidx[Topologies.ghost_neighboring_elements(
-            space.topology,
+        @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(
+            Spaces.topology(space),
+            6,
+        ) == [1, 2, 3, 5]
+        @test Spaces.topology(space).recv_elem_gidx[Topologies.ghost_neighboring_elements(
+            Spaces.topology(space),
             6,
         )] == [7, 9, 10, 11]
     elseif pid == 2
         # gidx 7
-        @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(space.topology, 1) ==
-              [2, 4, 5]
-        @test space.topology.recv_elem_gidx[Topologies.ghost_neighboring_elements(
-            space.topology,
+        @test Topologies.local_neighboring_elements(
+            Spaces.topology(space),
+            1,
+        ) == [2, 4, 5]
+        @test Spaces.topology(space).recv_elem_gidx[Topologies.ghost_neighboring_elements(
+            Spaces.topology(space),
             1,
         )] == [2, 3, 4, 6, 12]
     end