From 11f9e218142d135302ca5641c4729cd35dd688a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Gabriele Bozzola <gbozzola@caltech.edu>
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2024 13:49:26 -0800
Subject: [PATCH] Remove WTE from cache

This commit removes the `WallTimeEstimate` from the cache and moves it
to an isolated place. In the process, I refactored the struct to split
reporting with updating, so that reporting can be done with any
frequency/schedule desired using the same Schedule infrastructure used
by other functions/diagnostics as well.
---
 .dev/Manifest.toml                |   6 +-
 docs/Manifest.toml                | 248 ++++++++++++++-------------
 examples/Manifest.toml            |  94 ++++++-----
 perf/Manifest.toml                | 268 +++++++++++++++---------------
 src/cache/cache.jl                |  12 +-
 src/callbacks/callback_helpers.jl |  42 +++++
 src/callbacks/callbacks.jl        |  92 ----------
 src/callbacks/get_callbacks.jl    |  19 ++-
 src/compat.jl                     |  75 +++++++++
 test/coupler_compatibility.jl     |   2 -
 10 files changed, 439 insertions(+), 419 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.dev/Manifest.toml b/.dev/Manifest.toml
index f199b30d7a..fa9a4440fe 100644
--- a/.dev/Manifest.toml
+++ b/.dev/Manifest.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # This file is machine-generated - editing it directly is not advised
 
-julia_version = "1.10.6"
+julia_version = "1.10.7"
 manifest_format = "2.0"
 project_hash = "b280bcf3b481823c97fa1a62c1b5e65114b8fa18"
 
@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ deps = ["Base64"]
 uuid = "d6f4376e-aef5-505a-96c1-9c027394607a"
 
 [[deps.OrderedCollections]]
-git-tree-sha1 = "dfdf5519f235516220579f949664f1bf44e741c5"
+git-tree-sha1 = "12f1439c4f986bb868acda6ea33ebc78e19b95ad"
 uuid = "bac558e1-5e72-5ebc-8fee-abe8a469f55d"
-version = "1.6.3"
+version = "1.7.0"
 
 [[deps.PrecompileTools]]
 deps = ["Preferences"]
diff --git a/docs/Manifest.toml b/docs/Manifest.toml
index 6ce866b6b1..1d45bad467 100644
--- a/docs/Manifest.toml
+++ b/docs/Manifest.toml
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 # This file is machine-generated - editing it directly is not advised
 
-julia_version = "1.10.6"
+julia_version = "1.10.7"
 manifest_format = "2.0"
 project_hash = "64afcb8dacf7a673d0068ba1a72602801e8d529a"
 
 [[deps.ADTypes]]
-git-tree-sha1 = "30bb95a372787af850addf28ac937f1be7b79173"
+git-tree-sha1 = "72af59f5b8f09faee36b4ec48e014a79210f2f4f"
 uuid = "47edcb42-4c32-4615-8424-f2b9edc5f35b"
-version = "1.10.0"
+version = "1.11.0"
 weakdeps = ["ChainRulesCore", "ConstructionBase", "EnzymeCore"]
 
     [deps.ADTypes.extensions]
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ version = "0.4.5"
 
 [[deps.Accessors]]
 deps = ["CompositionsBase", "ConstructionBase", "InverseFunctions", "LinearAlgebra", "MacroTools", "Markdown"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "b392ede862e506d451fc1616e79aa6f4c673dab8"
+git-tree-sha1 = "96bed9b1b57cf750cca50c311a197e306816a1cc"
 uuid = "7d9f7c33-5ae7-4f3b-8dc6-eff91059b697"
-version = "0.1.38"
+version = "0.1.39"
 
     [deps.Accessors.extensions]
     AccessorsAxisKeysExt = "AxisKeys"
@@ -84,9 +84,9 @@ version = "1.1.3"
 
 [[deps.Animations]]
 deps = ["Colors"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "e81c509d2c8e49592413bfb0bb3b08150056c79d"
+git-tree-sha1 = "e092fa223bf66a3c41f9c022bd074d916dc303e7"
 uuid = "27a7e980-b3e6-11e9-2bcd-0b925532e340"
-version = "0.4.1"
+version = "0.4.2"
 
 [[deps.ArgParse]]
 deps = ["Logging", "TextWrap"]
@@ -100,9 +100,9 @@ version = "1.1.1"
 
 [[deps.ArrayInterface]]
 deps = ["Adapt", "LinearAlgebra"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "d60a1922358aa203019b7857a2c8c37329b8736c"
+git-tree-sha1 = "d5140b60b87473df18cf4fe66382b7c3596df047"
 uuid = "4fba245c-0d91-5ea0-9b3e-6abc04ee57a9"
-version = "7.17.0"
+version = "7.17.1"
 
     [deps.ArrayInterface.extensions]
     ArrayInterfaceBandedMatricesExt = "BandedMatrices"
@@ -132,9 +132,9 @@ version = "7.17.0"
 
 [[deps.ArrayLayouts]]
 deps = ["FillArrays", "LinearAlgebra"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "492681bc44fac86804706ddb37da10880a2bd528"
+git-tree-sha1 = "2bf6e01f453284cb61c312836b4680331ddfc44b"
 uuid = "4c555306-a7a7-4459-81d9-ec55ddd5c99a"
-version = "1.10.4"
+version = "1.11.0"
 weakdeps = ["SparseArrays"]
 
     [deps.ArrayLayouts.extensions]
@@ -157,9 +157,19 @@ version = "0.1.7"
 
 [[deps.Atomix]]
 deps = ["UnsafeAtomics"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "c06a868224ecba914baa6942988e2f2aade419be"
+git-tree-sha1 = "14e254ef74e44cd6ed27fbb751d4e1f9bbf085cc"
 uuid = "a9b6321e-bd34-4604-b9c9-b65b8de01458"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "1.0.0"
+
+    [deps.Atomix.extensions]
+    AtomixCUDAExt = "CUDA"
+    AtomixMetalExt = "Metal"
+    AtomixoneAPIExt = "oneAPI"
+
+    [deps.Atomix.weakdeps]
+    CUDA = "052768ef-5323-5732-b1bb-66c8b64840ba"
+    Metal = "dde4c033-4e86-420c-a63e-0dd931031962"
+    oneAPI = "8f75cd03-7ff8-4ecb-9b8f-daf728133b1b"
 
 [[deps.Automa]]
 deps = ["PrecompileTools", "SIMD", "TranscodingStreams"]
@@ -181,9 +191,9 @@ version = "0.4.7"
 
 [[deps.BandedMatrices]]
 deps = ["ArrayLayouts", "FillArrays", "LinearAlgebra", "PrecompileTools"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "a2c85f53ddcb15b4099da59867868bd40f005579"
+git-tree-sha1 = "2a81cc8adf470ac6bd87eef3ca3d194d08a8754c"
 uuid = "aae01518-5342-5314-be14-df237901396f"
-version = "1.7.5"
+version = "1.8.0"
 weakdeps = ["SparseArrays"]
 
     [deps.BandedMatrices.extensions]
@@ -218,9 +228,9 @@ version = "0.1.6"
 
 [[deps.BlockArrays]]
 deps = ["ArrayLayouts", "FillArrays", "LinearAlgebra"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "d434647f798823bcae510aee0bc0401927f64391"
+git-tree-sha1 = "b406207917260364a2e0287b42e4c6772cb9db88"
 uuid = "8e7c35d0-a365-5155-bbbb-fb81a777f24e"
-version = "1.1.1"
+version = "1.3.0"
 weakdeps = ["BandedMatrices"]
 
     [deps.BlockArrays.extensions]
@@ -360,14 +370,13 @@ version = "0.7.38"
     StatsBase = "2913bbd2-ae8a-5f71-8c99-4fb6c76f3a91"
 
 [[deps.ClimaUtilities]]
-deps = ["Artifacts", "Dates"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "f99f60059af1de49a24d16049dfa8d65e3d3907d"
+deps = ["Artifacts", "ClimaComms", "Dates"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "cd699551a7c9f721363bbf92b2c61c436b1a3959"
 uuid = "b3f4f4ca-9299-4f7f-bd9b-81e1242a7513"
-version = "0.1.18"
+version = "0.1.20"
 
     [deps.ClimaUtilities.extensions]
-    ClimaUtilitiesClimaCommsCUDAExt = ["ClimaComms", "CUDA"]
-    ClimaUtilitiesClimaCommsExt = "ClimaComms"
+    ClimaUtilitiesCUDAExt = "CUDA"
     ClimaUtilitiesClimaCoreExt = "ClimaCore"
     ClimaUtilitiesClimaCoreInterpolationsExt = ["ClimaCore", "Interpolations"]
     ClimaUtilitiesClimaCoreNCDatasetsExt = ["ClimaCore", "NCDatasets"]
@@ -377,7 +386,6 @@ version = "0.1.18"
     [deps.ClimaUtilities.weakdeps]
     Adapt = "79e6a3ab-5dfb-504d-930d-738a2a938a0e"
     CUDA = "052768ef-5323-5732-b1bb-66c8b64840ba"
-    ClimaComms = "3a4d1b5c-c61d-41fd-a00a-5873ba7a1b0d"
     ClimaCore = "d414da3d-4745-48bb-8d80-42e94e092884"
     ClimaCoreTempestRemap = "d934ef94-cdd4-4710-83d6-720549644b70"
     Interpolations = "a98d9a8b-a2ab-59e6-89dd-64a1c18fca59"
@@ -391,9 +399,9 @@ version = "0.1.13"
 
 [[deps.CloudMicrophysics]]
 deps = ["ClimaParams", "DocStringExtensions", "ForwardDiff", "HCubature", "LazyArtifacts", "QuadGK", "RootSolvers", "SpecialFunctions", "Thermodynamics"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "8f93d0c730dd4f41fade18a1954abf1eb5ac69ce"
+git-tree-sha1 = "e3b2ae212b68aea23d11c03300abb1268a56af87"
 uuid = "6a9e3e04-43cd-43ba-94b9-e8782df3c71b"
-version = "0.22.4"
+version = "0.22.5"
 
     [deps.CloudMicrophysics.extensions]
     EmulatorModelsExt = ["DataFrames", "MLJ"]
@@ -552,10 +560,10 @@ deps = ["Printf"]
 uuid = "ade2ca70-3891-5945-98fb-dc099432e06a"
 
 [[deps.DelaunayTriangulation]]
-deps = ["AdaptivePredicates", "EnumX", "ExactPredicates", "PrecompileTools", "Random"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "89df54fbe66e5872d91d8c2cd3a375f660c3fd64"
+deps = ["AdaptivePredicates", "EnumX", "ExactPredicates", "Random"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "e1371a23fd9816080c828d0ce04373857fe73d33"
 uuid = "927a84f5-c5f4-47a5-9785-b46e178433df"
-version = "1.6.1"
+version = "1.6.3"
 
 [[deps.DelimitedFiles]]
 deps = ["Mmap"]
@@ -670,9 +678,9 @@ uuid = "4e289a0a-7415-4d19-859d-a7e5c4648b56"
 version = "1.0.4"
 
 [[deps.EnzymeCore]]
-git-tree-sha1 = "e333ffd38ecffcf5c6c2dafd10788404ac46fb9f"
+git-tree-sha1 = "0cdb7af5c39e92d78a0ee8d0a447d32f7593137e"
 uuid = "f151be2c-9106-41f4-ab19-57ee4f262869"
-version = "0.8.6"
+version = "0.8.8"
 weakdeps = ["Adapt"]
 
     [deps.EnzymeCore.extensions]
@@ -691,9 +699,9 @@ version = "2.2.5"
 
 [[deps.Expat_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "cc5231d52eb1771251fbd37171dbc408bcc8a1b6"
+git-tree-sha1 = "e51db81749b0777b2147fbe7b783ee79045b8e99"
 uuid = "2e619515-83b5-522b-bb60-26c02a35a201"
-version = "2.6.4+0"
+version = "2.6.4+1"
 
 [[deps.ExprTools]]
 git-tree-sha1 = "27415f162e6028e81c72b82ef756bf321213b6ec"
@@ -775,9 +783,15 @@ version = "0.3.1"
 
 [[deps.FileIO]]
 deps = ["Pkg", "Requires", "UUIDs"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "91e0e5c68d02bcdaae76d3c8ceb4361e8f28d2e9"
+git-tree-sha1 = "2dd20384bf8c6d411b5c7370865b1e9b26cb2ea3"
 uuid = "5789e2e9-d7fb-5bc7-8068-2c6fae9b9549"
-version = "1.16.5"
+version = "1.16.6"
+
+    [deps.FileIO.extensions]
+    HTTPExt = "HTTP"
+
+    [deps.FileIO.weakdeps]
+    HTTP = "cd3eb016-35fb-5094-929b-558a96fad6f3"
 
 [[deps.FilePaths]]
 deps = ["FilePathsBase", "MacroTools", "Reexport", "Requires"]
@@ -846,15 +860,15 @@ version = "4.1.1"
 
 [[deps.FreeType2_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "Bzip2_jll", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Zlib_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "5c1d8ae0efc6c2e7b1fc502cbe25def8f661b7bc"
+git-tree-sha1 = "786e968a8d2fb167f2e4880baba62e0e26bd8e4e"
 uuid = "d7e528f0-a631-5988-bf34-fe36492bcfd7"
-version = "2.13.2+0"
+version = "2.13.3+1"
 
 [[deps.FreeTypeAbstraction]]
 deps = ["ColorVectorSpace", "Colors", "FreeType", "GeometryBasics"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "77e2b094e61d939f9626181ab23d0b76e78f9fd3"
+git-tree-sha1 = "d52e255138ac21be31fa633200b65e4e71d26802"
 uuid = "663a7486-cb36-511b-a19d-713bb74d65c9"
-version = "0.10.5"
+version = "0.10.6"
 
 [[deps.FriBidi_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
@@ -877,16 +891,11 @@ version = "0.1.3"
 deps = ["Random"]
 uuid = "9fa8497b-333b-5362-9e8d-4d0656e87820"
 
-[[deps.GMP_jll]]
-deps = ["Artifacts", "Libdl"]
-uuid = "781609d7-10c4-51f6-84f2-b8444358ff6d"
-version = "6.2.1+6"
-
 [[deps.GPUArraysCore]]
 deps = ["Adapt"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "ec632f177c0d990e64d955ccc1b8c04c485a0950"
+git-tree-sha1 = "83cf05ab16a73219e5f6bd1bdfa9848fa24ac627"
 uuid = "46192b85-c4d5-4398-a991-12ede77f4527"
-version = "0.1.6"
+version = "0.2.0"
 
 [[deps.GaussQuadrature]]
 deps = ["SpecialFunctions"]
@@ -936,21 +945,15 @@ version = "1.3.1"
 
 [[deps.Git_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "Expat_jll", "JLLWrappers", "LibCURL_jll", "Libdl", "Libiconv_jll", "OpenSSL_jll", "PCRE2_jll", "Zlib_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "ea372033d09e4552a04fd38361cd019f9003f4f4"
+git-tree-sha1 = "399f4a308c804b446ae4c91eeafadb2fe2c54ff9"
 uuid = "f8c6e375-362e-5223-8a59-34ff63f689eb"
-version = "2.46.2+0"
+version = "2.47.1+0"
 
 [[deps.Glib_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "Gettext_jll", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Libffi_jll", "Libiconv_jll", "Libmount_jll", "PCRE2_jll", "Zlib_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "674ff0db93fffcd11a3573986e550d66cd4fd71f"
+git-tree-sha1 = "48b5d4c75b2c9078ead62e345966fa51a25c05ad"
 uuid = "7746bdde-850d-59dc-9ae8-88ece973131d"
-version = "2.80.5+0"
-
-[[deps.GnuTLS_jll]]
-deps = ["Artifacts", "GMP_jll", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Nettle_jll", "P11Kit_jll", "Zlib_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "383db7d3f900f4c1f47a8a04115b053c095e48d3"
-uuid = "0951126a-58fd-58f1-b5b3-b08c7c4a876d"
-version = "3.8.4+0"
+version = "2.82.2+1"
 
 [[deps.Graphics]]
 deps = ["Colors", "LinearAlgebra", "NaNMath"]
@@ -960,15 +963,15 @@ version = "1.1.3"
 
 [[deps.Graphite2_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pkg"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "344bf40dcab1073aca04aa0df4fb092f920e4011"
+git-tree-sha1 = "01979f9b37367603e2848ea225918a3b3861b606"
 uuid = "3b182d85-2403-5c21-9c21-1e1f0cc25472"
-version = "1.3.14+0"
+version = "1.3.14+1"
 
 [[deps.GridLayoutBase]]
 deps = ["GeometryBasics", "InteractiveUtils", "Observables"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "fc713f007cff99ff9e50accba6373624ddd33588"
+git-tree-sha1 = "dc6bed05c15523624909b3953686c5f5ffa10adc"
 uuid = "3955a311-db13-416c-9275-1d80ed98e5e9"
-version = "0.11.0"
+version = "0.11.1"
 
 [[deps.Grisu]]
 git-tree-sha1 = "53bb909d1151e57e2484c3d1b53e19552b887fb2"
@@ -1202,9 +1205,9 @@ version = "0.2.1+0"
 
 [[deps.KernelAbstractions]]
 deps = ["Adapt", "Atomix", "InteractiveUtils", "MacroTools", "PrecompileTools", "Requires", "StaticArrays", "UUIDs", "UnsafeAtomics", "UnsafeAtomicsLLVM"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "e73a077abc7fe798fe940deabe30ef6c66bdde52"
+git-tree-sha1 = "27044736be7c5727d35fc4318d7949dee33c37b4"
 uuid = "63c18a36-062a-441e-b654-da1e3ab1ce7c"
-version = "0.9.29"
+version = "0.9.30"
 weakdeps = ["EnzymeCore", "LinearAlgebra", "SparseArrays"]
 
     [deps.KernelAbstractions.extensions]
@@ -1350,10 +1353,10 @@ uuid = "d4300ac3-e22c-5743-9152-c294e39db1e4"
 version = "1.11.0+0"
 
 [[deps.Libglvnd_jll]]
-deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pkg", "Xorg_libX11_jll", "Xorg_libXext_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "6f73d1dd803986947b2c750138528a999a6c7733"
+deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Xorg_libX11_jll", "Xorg_libXext_jll"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "ff3b4b9d35de638936a525ecd36e86a8bb919d11"
 uuid = "7e76a0d4-f3c7-5321-8279-8d96eeed0f29"
-version = "1.6.0+0"
+version = "1.7.0+0"
 
 [[deps.Libgpg_error_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
@@ -1369,9 +1372,9 @@ version = "1.17.0+1"
 
 [[deps.Libmount_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "0c4f9c4f1a50d8f35048fa0532dabbadf702f81e"
+git-tree-sha1 = "84eef7acd508ee5b3e956a2ae51b05024181dee0"
 uuid = "4b2f31a3-9ecc-558c-b454-b3730dcb73e9"
-version = "2.40.1+0"
+version = "2.40.2+0"
 
 [[deps.Libtiff_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "JpegTurbo_jll", "LERC_jll", "Libdl", "XZ_jll", "Zlib_jll", "Zstd_jll"]
@@ -1381,9 +1384,9 @@ version = "4.7.0+0"
 
 [[deps.Libuuid_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "5ee6203157c120d79034c748a2acba45b82b8807"
+git-tree-sha1 = "edbf5309f9ddf1cab25afc344b1e8150b7c832f9"
 uuid = "38a345b3-de98-5d2b-a5d3-14cd9215e700"
-version = "2.40.1+0"
+version = "2.40.2+0"
 
 [[deps.LinearAlgebra]]
 deps = ["Libdl", "OpenBLAS_jll", "libblastrampoline_jll"]
@@ -1510,9 +1513,9 @@ version = "2.28.2+1"
 
 [[deps.MicrosoftMPI_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pkg"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "f12a29c4400ba812841c6ace3f4efbb6dbb3ba01"
+git-tree-sha1 = "bc95bf4149bf535c09602e3acdf950d9b4376227"
 uuid = "9237b28f-5490-5468-be7b-bb81f5f5e6cf"
-version = "10.1.4+2"
+version = "10.1.4+3"
 
 [[deps.Missings]]
 deps = ["DataAPI"]
@@ -1558,9 +1561,9 @@ version = "0.14.6"
 
 [[deps.NVTX]]
 deps = ["Colors", "JuliaNVTXCallbacks_jll", "Libdl", "NVTX_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "53046f0483375e3ed78e49190f1154fa0a4083a1"
+git-tree-sha1 = "6a6f8bfaa91bb2e40ff562ab9f30dc827741daef"
 uuid = "5da4648a-3479-48b8-97b9-01cb529c0a1f"
-version = "0.3.4"
+version = "0.3.5"
 
 [[deps.NVTX_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pkg"]
@@ -1586,12 +1589,6 @@ git-tree-sha1 = "d92b107dbb887293622df7697a2223f9f8176fcd"
 uuid = "f09324ee-3d7c-5217-9330-fc30815ba969"
 version = "1.1.1"
 
-[[deps.Nettle_jll]]
-deps = ["Artifacts", "GMP_jll", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pkg"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "eca63e3847dad608cfa6a3329b95ef674c7160b4"
-uuid = "4c82536e-c426-54e4-b420-14f461c4ed8b"
-version = "3.7.2+0"
-
 [[deps.NetworkOptions]]
 uuid = "ca575930-c2e3-43a9-ace4-1e988b2c1908"
 version = "1.2.0"
@@ -1640,9 +1637,9 @@ version = "0.8.1+2"
 
 [[deps.OpenMPI_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "CompilerSupportLibraries_jll", "Hwloc_jll", "JLLWrappers", "LazyArtifacts", "Libdl", "MPIPreferences", "TOML", "Zlib_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "bfce6d523861a6c562721b262c0d1aaeead2647f"
+git-tree-sha1 = "2dace87e14256edb1dd0724ab7ba831c779b96bd"
 uuid = "fe0851c0-eecd-5654-98d4-656369965a5c"
-version = "5.0.5+0"
+version = "5.0.6+0"
 
 [[deps.OpenSSL_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
@@ -1663,15 +1660,9 @@ uuid = "91d4177d-7536-5919-b921-800302f37372"
 version = "1.3.3+0"
 
 [[deps.OrderedCollections]]
-git-tree-sha1 = "dfdf5519f235516220579f949664f1bf44e741c5"
+git-tree-sha1 = "12f1439c4f986bb868acda6ea33ebc78e19b95ad"
 uuid = "bac558e1-5e72-5ebc-8fee-abe8a469f55d"
-version = "1.6.3"
-
-[[deps.P11Kit_jll]]
-deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pkg"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "2cd396108e178f3ae8dedbd8e938a18726ab2fbf"
-uuid = "c2071276-7c44-58a7-b746-946036e04d0a"
-version = "0.24.1+0"
+version = "1.7.0"
 
 [[deps.PCRE2_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "Libdl"]
@@ -1698,9 +1689,9 @@ weakdeps = ["Requires", "TOML"]
 
 [[deps.Packing]]
 deps = ["GeometryBasics"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "ec3edfe723df33528e085e632414499f26650501"
+git-tree-sha1 = "bc5bf2ea3d5351edf285a06b0016788a121ce92c"
 uuid = "19eb6ba3-879d-56ad-ad62-d5c202156566"
-version = "0.5.0"
+version = "0.5.1"
 
 [[deps.PaddedViews]]
 deps = ["OffsetArrays"]
@@ -1874,9 +1865,9 @@ version = "1.3.4"
 
 [[deps.RecursiveArrayTools]]
 deps = ["Adapt", "ArrayInterface", "DocStringExtensions", "GPUArraysCore", "IteratorInterfaceExtensions", "LinearAlgebra", "RecipesBase", "StaticArraysCore", "Statistics", "SymbolicIndexingInterface", "Tables"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "6f4dca5fd8e97087a76b7ab8384d1c3086ace0b7"
+git-tree-sha1 = "32f824db4e5bab64e25a12b22483a30a6b813d08"
 uuid = "731186ca-8d62-57ce-b412-fbd966d074cd"
-version = "3.27.3"
+version = "3.27.4"
 
     [deps.RecursiveArrayTools.extensions]
     RecursiveArrayToolsFastBroadcastExt = "FastBroadcast"
@@ -1885,6 +1876,7 @@ version = "3.27.3"
     RecursiveArrayToolsMonteCarloMeasurementsExt = "MonteCarloMeasurements"
     RecursiveArrayToolsReverseDiffExt = ["ReverseDiff", "Zygote"]
     RecursiveArrayToolsSparseArraysExt = ["SparseArrays"]
+    RecursiveArrayToolsStructArraysExt = "StructArrays"
     RecursiveArrayToolsTrackerExt = "Tracker"
     RecursiveArrayToolsZygoteExt = "Zygote"
 
@@ -1895,6 +1887,7 @@ version = "3.27.3"
     MonteCarloMeasurements = "0987c9cc-fe09-11e8-30f0-b96dd679fdca"
     ReverseDiff = "37e2e3b7-166d-5795-8a7a-e32c996b4267"
     SparseArrays = "2f01184e-e22b-5df5-ae63-d93ebab69eaf"
+    StructArrays = "09ab397b-f2b6-538f-b94a-2f83cf4a842a"
     Tracker = "9f7883ad-71c0-57eb-9f7f-b5c9e6d3789c"
     Zygote = "e88e6eb3-aa80-5325-afca-941959d7151f"
 
@@ -1967,9 +1960,9 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 
 [[deps.SciMLBase]]
 deps = ["ADTypes", "Accessors", "ArrayInterface", "CommonSolve", "ConstructionBase", "Distributed", "DocStringExtensions", "EnumX", "Expronicon", "FunctionWrappersWrappers", "IteratorInterfaceExtensions", "LinearAlgebra", "Logging", "Markdown", "PrecompileTools", "Preferences", "Printf", "RecipesBase", "RecursiveArrayTools", "Reexport", "RuntimeGeneratedFunctions", "SciMLOperators", "SciMLStructures", "StaticArraysCore", "Statistics", "SymbolicIndexingInterface"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "cacc7bc54bab8749b1fc1032c4911fe80cffb959"
+git-tree-sha1 = "899468ac3c2fa6b87151cb3fa29367329017d365"
 uuid = "0bca4576-84f4-4d90-8ffe-ffa030f20462"
-version = "2.61.0"
+version = "2.66.0"
 
     [deps.SciMLBase.extensions]
     SciMLBaseChainRulesCoreExt = "ChainRulesCore"
@@ -2003,9 +1996,9 @@ weakdeps = ["SparseArrays", "StaticArraysCore"]
 
 [[deps.SciMLStructures]]
 deps = ["ArrayInterface"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "25514a6f200219cd1073e4ff23a6324e4a7efe64"
+git-tree-sha1 = "0444a37a25fab98adbd90baa806ee492a3af133a"
 uuid = "53ae85a6-f571-4167-b2af-e1d143709226"
-version = "1.5.0"
+version = "1.6.1"
 
 [[deps.Scratch]]
 deps = ["Dates"]
@@ -2178,14 +2171,15 @@ version = "0.4.0"
 
 [[deps.StructArrays]]
 deps = ["ConstructionBase", "DataAPI", "Tables"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "f4dc295e983502292c4c3f951dbb4e985e35b3be"
+git-tree-sha1 = "9537ef82c42cdd8c5d443cbc359110cbb36bae10"
 uuid = "09ab397b-f2b6-538f-b94a-2f83cf4a842a"
-version = "0.6.18"
-weakdeps = ["Adapt", "GPUArraysCore", "SparseArrays", "StaticArrays"]
+version = "0.6.21"
+weakdeps = ["Adapt", "GPUArraysCore", "KernelAbstractions", "LinearAlgebra", "SparseArrays", "StaticArrays"]
 
     [deps.StructArrays.extensions]
     StructArraysAdaptExt = "Adapt"
-    StructArraysGPUArraysCoreExt = "GPUArraysCore"
+    StructArraysGPUArraysCoreExt = ["GPUArraysCore", "KernelAbstractions"]
+    StructArraysLinearAlgebraExt = "LinearAlgebra"
     StructArraysSparseArraysExt = "SparseArrays"
     StructArraysStaticArraysExt = "StaticArrays"
 
@@ -2216,9 +2210,9 @@ weakdeps = ["ClimaParams"]
 
 [[deps.SymbolicIndexingInterface]]
 deps = ["Accessors", "ArrayInterface", "RuntimeGeneratedFunctions", "StaticArraysCore"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "6c6761e08bf5a270905cdd065be633abfa1b155b"
+git-tree-sha1 = "8db233b54917e474165d582bef2244fa040e0a56"
 uuid = "2efcf032-c050-4f8e-a9bb-153293bab1f5"
-version = "0.3.35"
+version = "0.3.36"
 
 [[deps.TOML]]
 deps = ["Dates"]
@@ -2304,9 +2298,9 @@ version = "0.11.1"
 
 [[deps.TimerOutputs]]
 deps = ["ExprTools", "Printf"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "3a6f063d690135f5c1ba351412c82bae4d1402bf"
+git-tree-sha1 = "d7298ebdfa1654583468a487e8e83fae9d72dac3"
 uuid = "a759f4b9-e2f1-59dc-863e-4aeb61b1ea8f"
-version = "0.5.25"
+version = "0.5.26"
 
 [[deps.TranscodingStreams]]
 git-tree-sha1 = "0c45878dcfdcfa8480052b6ab162cdd138781742"
@@ -2349,9 +2343,9 @@ version = "0.4.1"
 
 [[deps.Unitful]]
 deps = ["Dates", "LinearAlgebra", "Random"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "d95fe458f26209c66a187b1114df96fd70839efd"
+git-tree-sha1 = "01915bfcd62be15329c9a07235447a89d588327c"
 uuid = "1986cc42-f94f-5a68-af5c-568840ba703d"
-version = "1.21.0"
+version = "1.21.1"
 weakdeps = ["ConstructionBase", "InverseFunctions"]
 
     [deps.Unitful.extensions]
@@ -2380,9 +2374,9 @@ version = "0.2.1"
 
 [[deps.UnsafeAtomicsLLVM]]
 deps = ["LLVM", "UnsafeAtomics"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "2d17fabcd17e67d7625ce9c531fb9f40b7c42ce4"
+git-tree-sha1 = "de4287a6569bcf3a8d6201d387991a8dda25c954"
 uuid = "d80eeb9a-aca5-4d75-85e5-170c8b632249"
-version = "0.2.1"
+version = "0.2.2"
 
 [[deps.VectorInterface]]
 deps = ["LinearAlgebra"]
@@ -2410,9 +2404,9 @@ version = "2.13.5+0"
 
 [[deps.XSLT_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Libgcrypt_jll", "Libgpg_error_jll", "Libiconv_jll", "XML2_jll", "Zlib_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "a54ee957f4c86b526460a720dbc882fa5edcbefc"
+git-tree-sha1 = "7d1671acbe47ac88e981868a078bd6b4e27c5191"
 uuid = "aed1982a-8fda-507f-9586-7b0439959a61"
-version = "1.1.41+0"
+version = "1.1.42+0"
 
 [[deps.XZ_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
@@ -2422,27 +2416,27 @@ version = "5.6.3+0"
 
 [[deps.Xorg_libX11_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Xorg_libxcb_jll", "Xorg_xtrans_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "afead5aba5aa507ad5a3bf01f58f82c8d1403495"
+git-tree-sha1 = "9dafcee1d24c4f024e7edc92603cedba72118283"
 uuid = "4f6342f7-b3d2-589e-9d20-edeb45f2b2bc"
-version = "1.8.6+0"
+version = "1.8.6+1"
 
 [[deps.Xorg_libXau_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "6035850dcc70518ca32f012e46015b9beeda49d8"
+git-tree-sha1 = "2b0e27d52ec9d8d483e2ca0b72b3cb1a8df5c27a"
 uuid = "0c0b7dd1-d40b-584c-a123-a41640f87eec"
-version = "1.0.11+0"
+version = "1.0.11+1"
 
 [[deps.Xorg_libXdmcp_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "34d526d318358a859d7de23da945578e8e8727b7"
+git-tree-sha1 = "02054ee01980c90297412e4c809c8694d7323af3"
 uuid = "a3789734-cfe1-5b06-b2d0-1dd0d9d62d05"
-version = "1.1.4+0"
+version = "1.1.4+1"
 
 [[deps.Xorg_libXext_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Xorg_libX11_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "d2d1a5c49fae4ba39983f63de6afcbea47194e85"
+git-tree-sha1 = "d7155fea91a4123ef59f42c4afb5ab3b4ca95058"
 uuid = "1082639a-0dae-5f34-9b06-72781eeb8cb3"
-version = "1.3.6+0"
+version = "1.3.6+1"
 
 [[deps.Xorg_libXrender_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Xorg_libX11_jll"]
@@ -2452,21 +2446,21 @@ version = "0.9.11+0"
 
 [[deps.Xorg_libpthread_stubs_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "8fdda4c692503d44d04a0603d9ac0982054635f9"
+git-tree-sha1 = "fee57a273563e273f0f53275101cd41a8153517a"
 uuid = "14d82f49-176c-5ed1-bb49-ad3f5cbd8c74"
-version = "0.1.1+0"
+version = "0.1.1+1"
 
 [[deps.Xorg_libxcb_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "XSLT_jll", "Xorg_libXau_jll", "Xorg_libXdmcp_jll", "Xorg_libpthread_stubs_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "bcd466676fef0878338c61e655629fa7bbc69d8e"
+git-tree-sha1 = "1a74296303b6524a0472a8cb12d3d87a78eb3612"
 uuid = "c7cfdc94-dc32-55de-ac96-5a1b8d977c5b"
-version = "1.17.0+0"
+version = "1.17.0+1"
 
 [[deps.Xorg_xtrans_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "e92a1a012a10506618f10b7047e478403a046c77"
+git-tree-sha1 = "b9ead2d2bdb27330545eb14234a2e300da61232e"
 uuid = "c5fb5394-a638-5e4d-96e5-b29de1b5cf10"
-version = "1.5.0+0"
+version = "1.5.0+1"
 
 [[deps.YAML]]
 deps = ["Base64", "Dates", "Printf", "StringEncodings"]
@@ -2545,10 +2539,10 @@ uuid = "c5f90fcd-3b7e-5836-afba-fc50a0988cb2"
 version = "1.4.0+0"
 
 [[deps.libzip_jll]]
-deps = ["Artifacts", "Bzip2_jll", "GnuTLS_jll", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "XZ_jll", "Zlib_jll", "Zstd_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "668ac0297e6bd8f4d53dfdcd3ace71f2e00f4a35"
+deps = ["Artifacts", "Bzip2_jll", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "OpenSSL_jll", "XZ_jll", "Zlib_jll", "Zstd_jll"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "e797fa066eba69f4c0585ffbd81bc780b5118ce2"
 uuid = "337d8026-41b4-5cde-a456-74a10e5b31d1"
-version = "1.11.1+0"
+version = "1.11.2+0"
 
 [[deps.nghttp2_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "Libdl"]
diff --git a/examples/Manifest.toml b/examples/Manifest.toml
index ba93fa277f..9aedb1b950 100644
--- a/examples/Manifest.toml
+++ b/examples/Manifest.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # This file is machine-generated - editing it directly is not advised
 
-julia_version = "1.10.5"
+julia_version = "1.10.7"
 manifest_format = "2.0"
 project_hash = "13bc74579bbfd1b4bab2e5d6cddd05f9a01dba06"
 
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ version = "0.4.5"
 
 [[deps.Accessors]]
 deps = ["CompositionsBase", "ConstructionBase", "InverseFunctions", "LinearAlgebra", "MacroTools", "Markdown"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "b392ede862e506d451fc1616e79aa6f4c673dab8"
+git-tree-sha1 = "96bed9b1b57cf750cca50c311a197e306816a1cc"
 uuid = "7d9f7c33-5ae7-4f3b-8dc6-eff91059b697"
-version = "0.1.38"
+version = "0.1.39"
 
     [deps.Accessors.extensions]
     AccessorsAxisKeysExt = "AxisKeys"
@@ -127,9 +127,9 @@ version = "7.17.1"
 
 [[deps.ArrayLayouts]]
 deps = ["FillArrays", "LinearAlgebra"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "492681bc44fac86804706ddb37da10880a2bd528"
+git-tree-sha1 = "2bf6e01f453284cb61c312836b4680331ddfc44b"
 uuid = "4c555306-a7a7-4459-81d9-ec55ddd5c99a"
-version = "1.10.4"
+version = "1.11.0"
 weakdeps = ["SparseArrays"]
 
     [deps.ArrayLayouts.extensions]
@@ -152,9 +152,19 @@ version = "0.1.7"
 
 [[deps.Atomix]]
 deps = ["UnsafeAtomics"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "c06a868224ecba914baa6942988e2f2aade419be"
+git-tree-sha1 = "14e254ef74e44cd6ed27fbb751d4e1f9bbf085cc"
 uuid = "a9b6321e-bd34-4604-b9c9-b65b8de01458"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "1.0.0"
+
+    [deps.Atomix.extensions]
+    AtomixCUDAExt = "CUDA"
+    AtomixMetalExt = "Metal"
+    AtomixoneAPIExt = "oneAPI"
+
+    [deps.Atomix.weakdeps]
+    CUDA = "052768ef-5323-5732-b1bb-66c8b64840ba"
+    Metal = "dde4c033-4e86-420c-a63e-0dd931031962"
+    oneAPI = "8f75cd03-7ff8-4ecb-9b8f-daf728133b1b"
 
 [[deps.Automa]]
 deps = ["PrecompileTools", "SIMD", "TranscodingStreams"]
@@ -182,9 +192,9 @@ version = "0.5.0"
 
 [[deps.BandedMatrices]]
 deps = ["ArrayLayouts", "FillArrays", "LinearAlgebra", "PrecompileTools"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "a2c85f53ddcb15b4099da59867868bd40f005579"
+git-tree-sha1 = "2a81cc8adf470ac6bd87eef3ca3d194d08a8754c"
 uuid = "aae01518-5342-5314-be14-df237901396f"
-version = "1.7.5"
+version = "1.8.0"
 weakdeps = ["SparseArrays"]
 
     [deps.BandedMatrices.extensions]
@@ -201,9 +211,9 @@ version = "0.1.6"
 
 [[deps.BlockArrays]]
 deps = ["ArrayLayouts", "FillArrays", "LinearAlgebra"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "62551a412126a8c979febd1a05a986928719639e"
+git-tree-sha1 = "b406207917260364a2e0287b42e4c6772cb9db88"
 uuid = "8e7c35d0-a365-5155-bbbb-fb81a777f24e"
-version = "1.2.0"
+version = "1.3.0"
 weakdeps = ["BandedMatrices"]
 
     [deps.BlockArrays.extensions]
@@ -418,9 +428,9 @@ version = "0.7.38"
 
 [[deps.ClimaUtilities]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "ClimaComms", "Dates"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "ae6e4d3223ecb29d3f3d9c5f82b622bae12f3bff"
+git-tree-sha1 = "cd699551a7c9f721363bbf92b2c61c436b1a3959"
 uuid = "b3f4f4ca-9299-4f7f-bd9b-81e1242a7513"
-version = "0.1.19"
+version = "0.1.20"
 weakdeps = ["Adapt", "CUDA", "ClimaCore", "ClimaCoreTempestRemap", "Interpolations", "NCDatasets"]
 
     [deps.ClimaUtilities.extensions]
@@ -718,9 +728,9 @@ uuid = "4e289a0a-7415-4d19-859d-a7e5c4648b56"
 version = "1.0.4"
 
 [[deps.EnzymeCore]]
-git-tree-sha1 = "2c366bfe21936e8f44b607eb86a1f4c110f0d841"
+git-tree-sha1 = "0cdb7af5c39e92d78a0ee8d0a447d32f7593137e"
 uuid = "f151be2c-9106-41f4-ab19-57ee4f262869"
-version = "0.8.7"
+version = "0.8.8"
 weakdeps = ["Adapt"]
 
     [deps.EnzymeCore.extensions]
@@ -739,9 +749,9 @@ version = "2.2.5"
 
 [[deps.Expat_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "cc5231d52eb1771251fbd37171dbc408bcc8a1b6"
+git-tree-sha1 = "e51db81749b0777b2147fbe7b783ee79045b8e99"
 uuid = "2e619515-83b5-522b-bb60-26c02a35a201"
-version = "2.6.4+0"
+version = "2.6.4+1"
 
 [[deps.ExprTools]]
 git-tree-sha1 = "27415f162e6028e81c72b82ef756bf321213b6ec"
@@ -900,9 +910,9 @@ version = "4.1.1"
 
 [[deps.FreeType2_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "Bzip2_jll", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Zlib_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "fa8e19f44de37e225aa0f1695bc223b05ed51fb4"
+git-tree-sha1 = "786e968a8d2fb167f2e4880baba62e0e26bd8e4e"
 uuid = "d7e528f0-a631-5988-bf34-fe36492bcfd7"
-version = "2.13.3+0"
+version = "2.13.3+1"
 
 [[deps.FreeTypeAbstraction]]
 deps = ["ColorVectorSpace", "Colors", "FreeType", "GeometryBasics"]
@@ -991,9 +1001,9 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 
 [[deps.Glib_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "Gettext_jll", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Libffi_jll", "Libiconv_jll", "Libmount_jll", "PCRE2_jll", "Zlib_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "b36c7e110080ae48fdef61b0c31e6b17ada23b33"
+git-tree-sha1 = "48b5d4c75b2c9078ead62e345966fa51a25c05ad"
 uuid = "7746bdde-850d-59dc-9ae8-88ece973131d"
-version = "2.82.2+0"
+version = "2.82.2+1"
 
 [[deps.Glob]]
 git-tree-sha1 = "97285bbd5230dd766e9ef6749b80fc617126d496"
@@ -1268,9 +1278,9 @@ version = "0.2.1+0"
 
 [[deps.KernelAbstractions]]
 deps = ["Adapt", "Atomix", "InteractiveUtils", "MacroTools", "PrecompileTools", "Requires", "StaticArrays", "UUIDs", "UnsafeAtomics", "UnsafeAtomicsLLVM"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "e73a077abc7fe798fe940deabe30ef6c66bdde52"
+git-tree-sha1 = "27044736be7c5727d35fc4318d7949dee33c37b4"
 uuid = "63c18a36-062a-441e-b654-da1e3ab1ce7c"
-version = "0.9.29"
+version = "0.9.30"
 weakdeps = ["EnzymeCore", "LinearAlgebra", "SparseArrays"]
 
     [deps.KernelAbstractions.extensions]
@@ -1414,10 +1424,10 @@ uuid = "d4300ac3-e22c-5743-9152-c294e39db1e4"
 version = "1.11.0+0"
 
 [[deps.Libglvnd_jll]]
-deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pkg", "Xorg_libX11_jll", "Xorg_libXext_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "6f73d1dd803986947b2c750138528a999a6c7733"
+deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Xorg_libX11_jll", "Xorg_libXext_jll"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "ff3b4b9d35de638936a525ecd36e86a8bb919d11"
 uuid = "7e76a0d4-f3c7-5321-8279-8d96eeed0f29"
-version = "1.6.0+0"
+version = "1.7.0+0"
 
 [[deps.Libgpg_error_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
@@ -2093,9 +2103,9 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 
 [[deps.SciMLBase]]
 deps = ["ADTypes", "Accessors", "ArrayInterface", "CommonSolve", "ConstructionBase", "Distributed", "DocStringExtensions", "EnumX", "Expronicon", "FunctionWrappersWrappers", "IteratorInterfaceExtensions", "LinearAlgebra", "Logging", "Markdown", "PrecompileTools", "Preferences", "Printf", "RecipesBase", "RecursiveArrayTools", "Reexport", "RuntimeGeneratedFunctions", "SciMLOperators", "SciMLStructures", "StaticArraysCore", "Statistics", "SymbolicIndexingInterface"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "6f156f48d3603e8023e59917547b141218f2656d"
+git-tree-sha1 = "899468ac3c2fa6b87151cb3fa29367329017d365"
 uuid = "0bca4576-84f4-4d90-8ffe-ffa030f20462"
-version = "2.64.0"
+version = "2.66.0"
 
     [deps.SciMLBase.extensions]
     SciMLBaseChainRulesCoreExt = "ChainRulesCore"
@@ -2342,9 +2352,9 @@ weakdeps = ["ClimaParams"]
 
 [[deps.SymbolicIndexingInterface]]
 deps = ["Accessors", "ArrayInterface", "RuntimeGeneratedFunctions", "StaticArraysCore"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "6c6761e08bf5a270905cdd065be633abfa1b155b"
+git-tree-sha1 = "8db233b54917e474165d582bef2244fa040e0a56"
 uuid = "2efcf032-c050-4f8e-a9bb-153293bab1f5"
-version = "0.3.35"
+version = "0.3.36"
 
 [[deps.TOML]]
 deps = ["Dates"]
@@ -2424,9 +2434,9 @@ version = "0.11.1"
 
 [[deps.TimerOutputs]]
 deps = ["ExprTools", "Printf"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "3a6f063d690135f5c1ba351412c82bae4d1402bf"
+git-tree-sha1 = "d7298ebdfa1654583468a487e8e83fae9d72dac3"
 uuid = "a759f4b9-e2f1-59dc-863e-4aeb61b1ea8f"
-version = "0.5.25"
+version = "0.5.26"
 
 [[deps.TranscodingStreams]]
 git-tree-sha1 = "0c45878dcfdcfa8480052b6ab162cdd138781742"
@@ -2464,9 +2474,9 @@ version = "0.4.1"
 
 [[deps.Unitful]]
 deps = ["Dates", "LinearAlgebra", "Random"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "d95fe458f26209c66a187b1114df96fd70839efd"
+git-tree-sha1 = "01915bfcd62be15329c9a07235447a89d588327c"
 uuid = "1986cc42-f94f-5a68-af5c-568840ba703d"
-version = "1.21.0"
+version = "1.21.1"
 weakdeps = ["ConstructionBase", "InverseFunctions"]
 
     [deps.Unitful.extensions]
@@ -2495,9 +2505,9 @@ version = "0.2.1"
 
 [[deps.UnsafeAtomicsLLVM]]
 deps = ["LLVM", "UnsafeAtomics"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "2d17fabcd17e67d7625ce9c531fb9f40b7c42ce4"
+git-tree-sha1 = "de4287a6569bcf3a8d6201d387991a8dda25c954"
 uuid = "d80eeb9a-aca5-4d75-85e5-170c8b632249"
-version = "0.2.1"
+version = "0.2.2"
 
 [[deps.VTKBase]]
 git-tree-sha1 = "c2d0db3ef09f1942d08ea455a9e252594be5f3b6"
@@ -2548,9 +2558,9 @@ version = "5.6.3+0"
 
 [[deps.Xorg_libX11_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Xorg_libxcb_jll", "Xorg_xtrans_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "afead5aba5aa507ad5a3bf01f58f82c8d1403495"
+git-tree-sha1 = "9dafcee1d24c4f024e7edc92603cedba72118283"
 uuid = "4f6342f7-b3d2-589e-9d20-edeb45f2b2bc"
-version = "1.8.6+0"
+version = "1.8.6+1"
 
 [[deps.Xorg_libXau_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
@@ -2566,9 +2576,9 @@ version = "1.1.4+1"
 
 [[deps.Xorg_libXext_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Xorg_libX11_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "d2d1a5c49fae4ba39983f63de6afcbea47194e85"
+git-tree-sha1 = "d7155fea91a4123ef59f42c4afb5ab3b4ca95058"
 uuid = "1082639a-0dae-5f34-9b06-72781eeb8cb3"
-version = "1.3.6+0"
+version = "1.3.6+1"
 
 [[deps.Xorg_libXrender_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Xorg_libX11_jll"]
@@ -2584,9 +2594,9 @@ version = "0.1.1+1"
 
 [[deps.Xorg_libxcb_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "XSLT_jll", "Xorg_libXau_jll", "Xorg_libXdmcp_jll", "Xorg_libpthread_stubs_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "bcd466676fef0878338c61e655629fa7bbc69d8e"
+git-tree-sha1 = "1a74296303b6524a0472a8cb12d3d87a78eb3612"
 uuid = "c7cfdc94-dc32-55de-ac96-5a1b8d977c5b"
-version = "1.17.0+0"
+version = "1.17.0+1"
 
 [[deps.Xorg_xtrans_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
diff --git a/perf/Manifest.toml b/perf/Manifest.toml
index bcd287a7ba..4ba87b1cc6 100644
--- a/perf/Manifest.toml
+++ b/perf/Manifest.toml
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 # This file is machine-generated - editing it directly is not advised
 
-julia_version = "1.10.6"
+julia_version = "1.10.7"
 manifest_format = "2.0"
 project_hash = "2f611439b5493d24cc947b54f198bca09f559d40"
 
 [[deps.ADTypes]]
-git-tree-sha1 = "30bb95a372787af850addf28ac937f1be7b79173"
+git-tree-sha1 = "72af59f5b8f09faee36b4ec48e014a79210f2f4f"
 uuid = "47edcb42-4c32-4615-8424-f2b9edc5f35b"
-version = "1.10.0"
+version = "1.11.0"
 weakdeps = ["ChainRulesCore", "ConstructionBase", "EnzymeCore"]
 
     [deps.ADTypes.extensions]
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ version = "0.4.5"
 
 [[deps.Accessors]]
 deps = ["CompositionsBase", "ConstructionBase", "InverseFunctions", "LinearAlgebra", "MacroTools", "Markdown"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "b392ede862e506d451fc1616e79aa6f4c673dab8"
+git-tree-sha1 = "96bed9b1b57cf750cca50c311a197e306816a1cc"
 uuid = "7d9f7c33-5ae7-4f3b-8dc6-eff91059b697"
-version = "0.1.38"
+version = "0.1.39"
 
     [deps.Accessors.extensions]
     AccessorsAxisKeysExt = "AxisKeys"
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ version = "1.1.3"
 
 [[deps.Animations]]
 deps = ["Colors"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "e81c509d2c8e49592413bfb0bb3b08150056c79d"
+git-tree-sha1 = "e092fa223bf66a3c41f9c022bd074d916dc303e7"
 uuid = "27a7e980-b3e6-11e9-2bcd-0b925532e340"
-version = "0.4.1"
+version = "0.4.2"
 
 [[deps.ArgParse]]
 deps = ["Logging", "TextWrap"]
@@ -95,9 +95,9 @@ version = "1.1.1"
 
 [[deps.ArrayInterface]]
 deps = ["Adapt", "LinearAlgebra"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "d60a1922358aa203019b7857a2c8c37329b8736c"
+git-tree-sha1 = "d5140b60b87473df18cf4fe66382b7c3596df047"
 uuid = "4fba245c-0d91-5ea0-9b3e-6abc04ee57a9"
-version = "7.17.0"
+version = "7.17.1"
 
     [deps.ArrayInterface.extensions]
     ArrayInterfaceBandedMatricesExt = "BandedMatrices"
@@ -127,9 +127,9 @@ version = "7.17.0"
 
 [[deps.ArrayLayouts]]
 deps = ["FillArrays", "LinearAlgebra"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "492681bc44fac86804706ddb37da10880a2bd528"
+git-tree-sha1 = "2bf6e01f453284cb61c312836b4680331ddfc44b"
 uuid = "4c555306-a7a7-4459-81d9-ec55ddd5c99a"
-version = "1.10.4"
+version = "1.11.0"
 weakdeps = ["SparseArrays"]
 
     [deps.ArrayLayouts.extensions]
@@ -152,9 +152,19 @@ version = "0.1.7"
 
 [[deps.Atomix]]
 deps = ["UnsafeAtomics"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "c06a868224ecba914baa6942988e2f2aade419be"
+git-tree-sha1 = "14e254ef74e44cd6ed27fbb751d4e1f9bbf085cc"
 uuid = "a9b6321e-bd34-4604-b9c9-b65b8de01458"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "1.0.0"
+
+    [deps.Atomix.extensions]
+    AtomixCUDAExt = "CUDA"
+    AtomixMetalExt = "Metal"
+    AtomixoneAPIExt = "oneAPI"
+
+    [deps.Atomix.weakdeps]
+    CUDA = "052768ef-5323-5732-b1bb-66c8b64840ba"
+    Metal = "dde4c033-4e86-420c-a63e-0dd931031962"
+    oneAPI = "8f75cd03-7ff8-4ecb-9b8f-daf728133b1b"
 
 [[deps.Automa]]
 deps = ["PrecompileTools", "SIMD", "TranscodingStreams"]
@@ -182,9 +192,9 @@ version = "0.5.0"
 
 [[deps.BandedMatrices]]
 deps = ["ArrayLayouts", "FillArrays", "LinearAlgebra", "PrecompileTools"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "a2c85f53ddcb15b4099da59867868bd40f005579"
+git-tree-sha1 = "2a81cc8adf470ac6bd87eef3ca3d194d08a8754c"
 uuid = "aae01518-5342-5314-be14-df237901396f"
-version = "1.7.5"
+version = "1.8.0"
 weakdeps = ["SparseArrays"]
 
     [deps.BandedMatrices.extensions]
@@ -207,9 +217,9 @@ version = "0.1.6"
 
 [[deps.BlockArrays]]
 deps = ["ArrayLayouts", "FillArrays", "LinearAlgebra"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "d434647f798823bcae510aee0bc0401927f64391"
+git-tree-sha1 = "b406207917260364a2e0287b42e4c6772cb9db88"
 uuid = "8e7c35d0-a365-5155-bbbb-fb81a777f24e"
-version = "1.1.1"
+version = "1.3.0"
 weakdeps = ["BandedMatrices"]
 
     [deps.BlockArrays.extensions]
@@ -278,9 +288,9 @@ weakdeps = ["ChainRulesCore", "EnzymeCore", "SpecialFunctions"]
 
 [[deps.CUDA_Driver_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pkg"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "ccd1e54610c222fadfd4737dac66bff786f63656"
+git-tree-sha1 = "14996d716a2eaaeccfc8d7bc854dd87fde720ac1"
 uuid = "4ee394cb-3365-5eb0-8335-949819d2adfc"
-version = "0.10.3+0"
+version = "0.10.4+0"
 
 [[deps.CUDA_Runtime_Discovery]]
 deps = ["Libdl"]
@@ -290,9 +300,9 @@ version = "0.3.5"
 
 [[deps.CUDA_Runtime_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "CUDA_Driver_jll", "JLLWrappers", "LazyArtifacts", "Libdl", "TOML"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "ed8a056a88f5b852df94046060f6770a57334728"
+git-tree-sha1 = "17f1536c600133f7c4113bae0a2d98dbf27c7ebc"
 uuid = "76a88914-d11a-5bdc-97e0-2f5a05c973a2"
-version = "0.15.4+0"
+version = "0.15.5+0"
 
 [[deps.Cairo]]
 deps = ["Cairo_jll", "Colors", "Glib_jll", "Graphics", "Libdl", "Pango_jll"]
@@ -323,18 +333,18 @@ weakdeps = ["SparseArrays"]
     ChainRulesCoreSparseArraysExt = "SparseArrays"
 
 [[deps.ClimaAnalysis]]
-deps = ["NCDatasets", "OrderedCollections", "Reexport", "Statistics"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "8e11ef61b19226e8f3bd63004bed583bb1a4d107"
+deps = ["Dates", "Interpolations", "NCDatasets", "NaNStatistics", "OrderedCollections", "Reexport", "Statistics"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "e13d742cd5a5ad287cf72ab22cb0927780cfe596"
 uuid = "29b5916a-a76c-4e73-9657-3c8fd22e65e6"
-version = "0.5.6"
+version = "0.5.7"
 
     [deps.ClimaAnalysis.extensions]
-    CairoMakieExt = "CairoMakie"
     GeoMakieExt = "GeoMakie"
+    MakieExt = "Makie"
 
     [deps.ClimaAnalysis.weakdeps]
-    CairoMakie = "13f3f980-e62b-5c42-98c6-ff1f3baf88f0"
     GeoMakie = "db073c08-6b98-4ee5-b6a4-5efafb3259c6"
+    Makie = "ee78f7c6-11fb-53f2-987a-cfe4a2b5a57a"
 
 [[deps.ClimaAtmos]]
 deps = ["ArgParse", "ArtifactWrappers", "Artifacts", "AtmosphericProfilesLibrary", "ClimaComms", "ClimaCore", "ClimaDiagnostics", "ClimaParams", "ClimaTimeSteppers", "ClimaUtilities", "CloudMicrophysics", "Dates", "DiffEqBase", "FastGaussQuadrature", "Insolation", "Interpolations", "LazyArtifacts", "LinearAlgebra", "Logging", "NCDatasets", "NVTX", "RRTMGP", "Random", "SciMLBase", "StaticArrays", "Statistics", "SurfaceFluxes", "Thermodynamics", "UnrolledUtilities", "YAML"]
@@ -416,15 +426,14 @@ weakdeps = ["BenchmarkTools", "CUDA", "OrderedCollections", "PrettyTables", "Sta
     ClimaTimeSteppersBenchmarkToolsExt = ["CUDA", "BenchmarkTools", "OrderedCollections", "StatsBase", "PrettyTables"]
 
 [[deps.ClimaUtilities]]
-deps = ["Artifacts", "Dates"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "f99f60059af1de49a24d16049dfa8d65e3d3907d"
+deps = ["Artifacts", "ClimaComms", "Dates"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "cd699551a7c9f721363bbf92b2c61c436b1a3959"
 uuid = "b3f4f4ca-9299-4f7f-bd9b-81e1242a7513"
-version = "0.1.18"
-weakdeps = ["Adapt", "CUDA", "ClimaComms", "ClimaCore", "ClimaCoreTempestRemap", "Interpolations", "NCDatasets"]
+version = "0.1.20"
+weakdeps = ["Adapt", "CUDA", "ClimaCore", "ClimaCoreTempestRemap", "Interpolations", "NCDatasets"]
 
     [deps.ClimaUtilities.extensions]
-    ClimaUtilitiesClimaCommsCUDAExt = ["ClimaComms", "CUDA"]
-    ClimaUtilitiesClimaCommsExt = "ClimaComms"
+    ClimaUtilitiesCUDAExt = "CUDA"
     ClimaUtilitiesClimaCoreExt = "ClimaCore"
     ClimaUtilitiesClimaCoreInterpolationsExt = ["ClimaCore", "Interpolations"]
     ClimaUtilitiesClimaCoreNCDatasetsExt = ["ClimaCore", "NCDatasets"]
@@ -439,9 +448,9 @@ version = "0.1.13"
 
 [[deps.CloudMicrophysics]]
 deps = ["ClimaParams", "DocStringExtensions", "ForwardDiff", "HCubature", "LazyArtifacts", "QuadGK", "RootSolvers", "SpecialFunctions", "Thermodynamics"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "8f93d0c730dd4f41fade18a1954abf1eb5ac69ce"
+git-tree-sha1 = "e3b2ae212b68aea23d11c03300abb1268a56af87"
 uuid = "6a9e3e04-43cd-43ba-94b9-e8782df3c71b"
-version = "0.22.4"
+version = "0.22.5"
 
     [deps.CloudMicrophysics.extensions]
     EmulatorModelsExt = ["DataFrames", "MLJ"]
@@ -612,10 +621,10 @@ deps = ["Printf"]
 uuid = "ade2ca70-3891-5945-98fb-dc099432e06a"
 
 [[deps.DelaunayTriangulation]]
-deps = ["AdaptivePredicates", "EnumX", "ExactPredicates", "PrecompileTools", "Random"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "89df54fbe66e5872d91d8c2cd3a375f660c3fd64"
+deps = ["AdaptivePredicates", "EnumX", "ExactPredicates", "Random"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "e1371a23fd9816080c828d0ce04373857fe73d33"
 uuid = "927a84f5-c5f4-47a5-9785-b46e178433df"
-version = "1.6.1"
+version = "1.6.3"
 
 [[deps.DelimitedFiles]]
 deps = ["Mmap"]
@@ -659,9 +668,9 @@ version = "6.160.0"
 
 [[deps.DiffEqNoiseProcess]]
 deps = ["DiffEqBase", "Distributions", "GPUArraysCore", "LinearAlgebra", "Markdown", "Optim", "PoissonRandom", "QuadGK", "Random", "Random123", "RandomNumbers", "RecipesBase", "RecursiveArrayTools", "ResettableStacks", "SciMLBase", "StaticArraysCore", "Statistics"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "ab1e6515ce15f01316a9825b02729fefa51726bd"
+git-tree-sha1 = "880d1fcf95e6492a4e7d65c2866dbdbf6580d4f8"
 uuid = "77a26b50-5914-5dd7-bc55-306e6241c503"
-version = "5.23.0"
+version = "5.24.0"
 
     [deps.DiffEqNoiseProcess.extensions]
     DiffEqNoiseProcessReverseDiffExt = "ReverseDiff"
@@ -730,9 +739,9 @@ uuid = "4e289a0a-7415-4d19-859d-a7e5c4648b56"
 version = "1.0.4"
 
 [[deps.EnzymeCore]]
-git-tree-sha1 = "e333ffd38ecffcf5c6c2dafd10788404ac46fb9f"
+git-tree-sha1 = "0cdb7af5c39e92d78a0ee8d0a447d32f7593137e"
 uuid = "f151be2c-9106-41f4-ab19-57ee4f262869"
-version = "0.8.6"
+version = "0.8.8"
 weakdeps = ["Adapt"]
 
     [deps.EnzymeCore.extensions]
@@ -751,9 +760,9 @@ version = "2.2.5"
 
 [[deps.Expat_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "cc5231d52eb1771251fbd37171dbc408bcc8a1b6"
+git-tree-sha1 = "e51db81749b0777b2147fbe7b783ee79045b8e99"
 uuid = "2e619515-83b5-522b-bb60-26c02a35a201"
-version = "2.6.4+0"
+version = "2.6.4+1"
 
 [[deps.ExprTools]]
 git-tree-sha1 = "27415f162e6028e81c72b82ef756bf321213b6ec"
@@ -835,9 +844,15 @@ version = "0.3.1"
 
 [[deps.FileIO]]
 deps = ["Pkg", "Requires", "UUIDs"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "91e0e5c68d02bcdaae76d3c8ceb4361e8f28d2e9"
+git-tree-sha1 = "2dd20384bf8c6d411b5c7370865b1e9b26cb2ea3"
 uuid = "5789e2e9-d7fb-5bc7-8068-2c6fae9b9549"
-version = "1.16.5"
+version = "1.16.6"
+
+    [deps.FileIO.extensions]
+    HTTPExt = "HTTP"
+
+    [deps.FileIO.weakdeps]
+    HTTP = "cd3eb016-35fb-5094-929b-558a96fad6f3"
 
 [[deps.FilePaths]]
 deps = ["FilePathsBase", "MacroTools", "Reexport", "Requires"]
@@ -873,9 +888,9 @@ weakdeps = ["PDMats", "SparseArrays", "Statistics"]
 
 [[deps.FiniteDiff]]
 deps = ["ArrayInterface", "LinearAlgebra", "Setfield"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "b10bdafd1647f57ace3885143936749d61638c3b"
+git-tree-sha1 = "84e3a47db33be7248daa6274b287507dd6ff84e8"
 uuid = "6a86dc24-6348-571c-b903-95158fe2bd41"
-version = "2.26.0"
+version = "2.26.2"
 
     [deps.FiniteDiff.extensions]
     FiniteDiffBandedMatricesExt = "BandedMatrices"
@@ -930,15 +945,15 @@ version = "4.1.1"
 
 [[deps.FreeType2_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "Bzip2_jll", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Zlib_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "5c1d8ae0efc6c2e7b1fc502cbe25def8f661b7bc"
+git-tree-sha1 = "786e968a8d2fb167f2e4880baba62e0e26bd8e4e"
 uuid = "d7e528f0-a631-5988-bf34-fe36492bcfd7"
-version = "2.13.2+0"
+version = "2.13.3+1"
 
 [[deps.FreeTypeAbstraction]]
 deps = ["ColorVectorSpace", "Colors", "FreeType", "GeometryBasics"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "77e2b094e61d939f9626181ab23d0b76e78f9fd3"
+git-tree-sha1 = "d52e255138ac21be31fa633200b65e4e71d26802"
 uuid = "663a7486-cb36-511b-a19d-713bb74d65c9"
-version = "0.10.5"
+version = "0.10.6"
 
 [[deps.FriBidi_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
@@ -961,11 +976,6 @@ version = "0.1.3"
 deps = ["Random"]
 uuid = "9fa8497b-333b-5362-9e8d-4d0656e87820"
 
-[[deps.GMP_jll]]
-deps = ["Artifacts", "Libdl"]
-uuid = "781609d7-10c4-51f6-84f2-b8444358ff6d"
-version = "6.2.1+6"
-
 [[deps.GPUArrays]]
 deps = ["Adapt", "GPUArraysCore", "LLVM", "LinearAlgebra", "Printf", "Random", "Reexport", "Serialization", "Statistics"]
 git-tree-sha1 = "62ee71528cca49be797076a76bdc654a170a523e"
@@ -1026,21 +1036,15 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 
 [[deps.Glib_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "Gettext_jll", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Libffi_jll", "Libiconv_jll", "Libmount_jll", "PCRE2_jll", "Zlib_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "674ff0db93fffcd11a3573986e550d66cd4fd71f"
+git-tree-sha1 = "48b5d4c75b2c9078ead62e345966fa51a25c05ad"
 uuid = "7746bdde-850d-59dc-9ae8-88ece973131d"
-version = "2.80.5+0"
+version = "2.82.2+1"
 
 [[deps.Glob]]
 git-tree-sha1 = "97285bbd5230dd766e9ef6749b80fc617126d496"
 uuid = "c27321d9-0574-5035-807b-f59d2c89b15c"
 version = "1.3.1"
 
-[[deps.GnuTLS_jll]]
-deps = ["Artifacts", "GMP_jll", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Nettle_jll", "P11Kit_jll", "Zlib_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "383db7d3f900f4c1f47a8a04115b053c095e48d3"
-uuid = "0951126a-58fd-58f1-b5b3-b08c7c4a876d"
-version = "3.8.4+0"
-
 [[deps.Graphics]]
 deps = ["Colors", "LinearAlgebra", "NaNMath"]
 git-tree-sha1 = "a641238db938fff9b2f60d08ed9030387daf428c"
@@ -1049,9 +1053,9 @@ version = "1.1.3"
 
 [[deps.Graphite2_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pkg"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "344bf40dcab1073aca04aa0df4fb092f920e4011"
+git-tree-sha1 = "01979f9b37367603e2848ea225918a3b3861b606"
 uuid = "3b182d85-2403-5c21-9c21-1e1f0cc25472"
-version = "1.3.14+0"
+version = "1.3.14+1"
 
 [[deps.Graphviz_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "Cairo_jll", "Expat_jll", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pango_jll", "Pkg"]
@@ -1275,9 +1279,9 @@ version = "0.9.12"
 
 [[deps.JLD2]]
 deps = ["FileIO", "MacroTools", "Mmap", "OrderedCollections", "PrecompileTools", "Requires", "TranscodingStreams"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "ce5737c0d4490b0e0040b5dc77fbb6a351ddf188"
+git-tree-sha1 = "f1a1c1037af2a4541ea186b26b0c0e7eeaad232b"
 uuid = "033835bb-8acc-5ee8-8aae-3f567f8a3819"
-version = "0.5.8"
+version = "0.5.10"
 
 [[deps.JLLWrappers]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "Preferences"]
@@ -1305,9 +1309,9 @@ version = "3.0.4+0"
 
 [[deps.JuliaInterpreter]]
 deps = ["CodeTracking", "InteractiveUtils", "Random", "UUIDs"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "fc8504eca188aaae4345649ca6105806bc584b70"
+git-tree-sha1 = "10da5154188682e5c0726823c2b5125957ec3778"
 uuid = "aa1ae85d-cabe-5617-a682-6adf51b2e16a"
-version = "0.9.37"
+version = "0.9.38"
 
 [[deps.JuliaNVTXCallbacks_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pkg"]
@@ -1317,9 +1321,9 @@ version = "0.2.1+0"
 
 [[deps.KernelAbstractions]]
 deps = ["Adapt", "Atomix", "InteractiveUtils", "MacroTools", "PrecompileTools", "Requires", "StaticArrays", "UUIDs", "UnsafeAtomics", "UnsafeAtomicsLLVM"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "e73a077abc7fe798fe940deabe30ef6c66bdde52"
+git-tree-sha1 = "27044736be7c5727d35fc4318d7949dee33c37b4"
 uuid = "63c18a36-062a-441e-b654-da1e3ab1ce7c"
-version = "0.9.29"
+version = "0.9.30"
 weakdeps = ["EnzymeCore", "LinearAlgebra", "SparseArrays"]
 
     [deps.KernelAbstractions.extensions]
@@ -1469,10 +1473,10 @@ uuid = "d4300ac3-e22c-5743-9152-c294e39db1e4"
 version = "1.11.0+0"
 
 [[deps.Libglvnd_jll]]
-deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pkg", "Xorg_libX11_jll", "Xorg_libXext_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "6f73d1dd803986947b2c750138528a999a6c7733"
+deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Xorg_libX11_jll", "Xorg_libXext_jll"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "ff3b4b9d35de638936a525ecd36e86a8bb919d11"
 uuid = "7e76a0d4-f3c7-5321-8279-8d96eeed0f29"
-version = "1.6.0+0"
+version = "1.7.0+0"
 
 [[deps.Libgpg_error_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
@@ -1488,9 +1492,9 @@ version = "1.17.0+1"
 
 [[deps.Libmount_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "0c4f9c4f1a50d8f35048fa0532dabbadf702f81e"
+git-tree-sha1 = "84eef7acd508ee5b3e956a2ae51b05024181dee0"
 uuid = "4b2f31a3-9ecc-558c-b454-b3730dcb73e9"
-version = "2.40.1+0"
+version = "2.40.2+0"
 
 [[deps.Libtiff_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "JpegTurbo_jll", "LERC_jll", "Libdl", "XZ_jll", "Zlib_jll", "Zstd_jll"]
@@ -1500,9 +1504,9 @@ version = "4.7.0+0"
 
 [[deps.Libuuid_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "5ee6203157c120d79034c748a2acba45b82b8807"
+git-tree-sha1 = "edbf5309f9ddf1cab25afc344b1e8150b7c832f9"
 uuid = "38a345b3-de98-5d2b-a5d3-14cd9215e700"
-version = "2.40.1+0"
+version = "2.40.2+0"
 
 [[deps.LightXML]]
 deps = ["Libdl", "XML2_jll"]
@@ -1563,9 +1567,9 @@ uuid = "56ddb016-857b-54e1-b83d-db4d58db5568"
 
 [[deps.LoweredCodeUtils]]
 deps = ["JuliaInterpreter"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "260dc274c1bc2cb839e758588c63d9c8b5e639d1"
+git-tree-sha1 = "688d6d9e098109051ae33d126fcfc88c4ce4a021"
 uuid = "6f1432cf-f94c-5a45-995e-cdbf5db27b0b"
-version = "3.0.5"
+version = "3.1.0"
 
 [[deps.Lz4_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
@@ -1661,9 +1665,9 @@ version = "2.28.2+1"
 
 [[deps.MicrosoftMPI_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pkg"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "f12a29c4400ba812841c6ace3f4efbb6dbb3ba01"
+git-tree-sha1 = "bc95bf4149bf535c09602e3acdf950d9b4376227"
 uuid = "9237b28f-5490-5468-be7b-bb81f5f5e6cf"
-version = "10.1.4+2"
+version = "10.1.4+3"
 
 [[deps.Missings]]
 deps = ["DataAPI"]
@@ -1712,9 +1716,9 @@ version = "7.8.3"
 
 [[deps.NVTX]]
 deps = ["Colors", "JuliaNVTXCallbacks_jll", "Libdl", "NVTX_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "53046f0483375e3ed78e49190f1154fa0a4083a1"
+git-tree-sha1 = "6a6f8bfaa91bb2e40ff562ab9f30dc827741daef"
 uuid = "5da4648a-3479-48b8-97b9-01cb529c0a1f"
-version = "0.3.4"
+version = "0.3.5"
 
 [[deps.NVTX_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pkg"]
@@ -1728,6 +1732,12 @@ git-tree-sha1 = "0877504529a3e5c3343c6f8b4c0381e57e4387e4"
 uuid = "77ba4419-2d1f-58cd-9bb1-8ffee604a2e3"
 version = "1.0.2"
 
+[[deps.NaNStatistics]]
+deps = ["PrecompileTools", "Static", "StaticArrayInterface"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "f2a685149d4e7d62865babd606092f8e89a6d8f8"
+uuid = "b946abbf-3ea7-4610-9019-9858bfdeaf2d"
+version = "0.6.43"
+
 [[deps.NetCDF_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "Blosc_jll", "Bzip2_jll", "HDF5_jll", "JLLWrappers", "LibCURL_jll", "Libdl", "OpenMPI_jll", "XML2_jll", "Zlib_jll", "Zstd_jll", "libzip_jll"]
 git-tree-sha1 = "a8af1798e4eb9ff768ce7fdefc0e957097793f15"
@@ -1740,12 +1750,6 @@ git-tree-sha1 = "d92b107dbb887293622df7697a2223f9f8176fcd"
 uuid = "f09324ee-3d7c-5217-9330-fc30815ba969"
 version = "1.1.1"
 
-[[deps.Nettle_jll]]
-deps = ["Artifacts", "GMP_jll", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pkg"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "eca63e3847dad608cfa6a3329b95ef674c7160b4"
-uuid = "4c82536e-c426-54e4-b420-14f461c4ed8b"
-version = "3.7.2+0"
-
 [[deps.NetworkOptions]]
 uuid = "ca575930-c2e3-43a9-ace4-1e988b2c1908"
 version = "1.2.0"
@@ -1806,9 +1810,9 @@ version = "0.8.1+2"
 
 [[deps.OpenMPI_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "CompilerSupportLibraries_jll", "Hwloc_jll", "JLLWrappers", "LazyArtifacts", "Libdl", "MPIPreferences", "TOML", "Zlib_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "bfce6d523861a6c562721b262c0d1aaeead2647f"
+git-tree-sha1 = "2dace87e14256edb1dd0724ab7ba831c779b96bd"
 uuid = "fe0851c0-eecd-5654-98d4-656369965a5c"
-version = "5.0.5+0"
+version = "5.0.6+0"
 
 [[deps.OpenSSL_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
@@ -1841,15 +1845,9 @@ uuid = "91d4177d-7536-5919-b921-800302f37372"
 version = "1.3.3+0"
 
 [[deps.OrderedCollections]]
-git-tree-sha1 = "dfdf5519f235516220579f949664f1bf44e741c5"
+git-tree-sha1 = "12f1439c4f986bb868acda6ea33ebc78e19b95ad"
 uuid = "bac558e1-5e72-5ebc-8fee-abe8a469f55d"
-version = "1.6.3"
-
-[[deps.P11Kit_jll]]
-deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pkg"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "2cd396108e178f3ae8dedbd8e938a18726ab2fbf"
-uuid = "c2071276-7c44-58a7-b746-946036e04d0a"
-version = "0.24.1+0"
+version = "1.7.0"
 
 [[deps.PCRE2_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "Libdl"]
@@ -1882,9 +1880,9 @@ weakdeps = ["Requires", "TOML"]
 
 [[deps.Packing]]
 deps = ["GeometryBasics"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "ec3edfe723df33528e085e632414499f26650501"
+git-tree-sha1 = "bc5bf2ea3d5351edf285a06b0016788a121ce92c"
 uuid = "19eb6ba3-879d-56ad-ad62-d5c202156566"
-version = "0.5.0"
+version = "0.5.1"
 
 [[deps.PaddedViews]]
 deps = ["OffsetArrays"]
@@ -2113,9 +2111,9 @@ version = "1.3.4"
 
 [[deps.RecursiveArrayTools]]
 deps = ["Adapt", "ArrayInterface", "DocStringExtensions", "GPUArraysCore", "IteratorInterfaceExtensions", "LinearAlgebra", "RecipesBase", "StaticArraysCore", "Statistics", "SymbolicIndexingInterface", "Tables"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "6f4dca5fd8e97087a76b7ab8384d1c3086ace0b7"
+git-tree-sha1 = "32f824db4e5bab64e25a12b22483a30a6b813d08"
 uuid = "731186ca-8d62-57ce-b412-fbd966d074cd"
-version = "3.27.3"
+version = "3.27.4"
 
     [deps.RecursiveArrayTools.extensions]
     RecursiveArrayToolsFastBroadcastExt = "FastBroadcast"
@@ -2124,6 +2122,7 @@ version = "3.27.3"
     RecursiveArrayToolsMonteCarloMeasurementsExt = "MonteCarloMeasurements"
     RecursiveArrayToolsReverseDiffExt = ["ReverseDiff", "Zygote"]
     RecursiveArrayToolsSparseArraysExt = ["SparseArrays"]
+    RecursiveArrayToolsStructArraysExt = "StructArrays"
     RecursiveArrayToolsTrackerExt = "Tracker"
     RecursiveArrayToolsZygoteExt = "Zygote"
 
@@ -2134,6 +2133,7 @@ version = "3.27.3"
     MonteCarloMeasurements = "0987c9cc-fe09-11e8-30f0-b96dd679fdca"
     ReverseDiff = "37e2e3b7-166d-5795-8a7a-e32c996b4267"
     SparseArrays = "2f01184e-e22b-5df5-ae63-d93ebab69eaf"
+    StructArrays = "09ab397b-f2b6-538f-b94a-2f83cf4a842a"
     Tracker = "9f7883ad-71c0-57eb-9f7f-b5c9e6d3789c"
     Zygote = "e88e6eb3-aa80-5325-afca-941959d7151f"
 
@@ -2206,9 +2206,9 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 
 [[deps.SciMLBase]]
 deps = ["ADTypes", "Accessors", "ArrayInterface", "CommonSolve", "ConstructionBase", "Distributed", "DocStringExtensions", "EnumX", "Expronicon", "FunctionWrappersWrappers", "IteratorInterfaceExtensions", "LinearAlgebra", "Logging", "Markdown", "PrecompileTools", "Preferences", "Printf", "RecipesBase", "RecursiveArrayTools", "Reexport", "RuntimeGeneratedFunctions", "SciMLOperators", "SciMLStructures", "StaticArraysCore", "Statistics", "SymbolicIndexingInterface"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "cacc7bc54bab8749b1fc1032c4911fe80cffb959"
+git-tree-sha1 = "899468ac3c2fa6b87151cb3fa29367329017d365"
 uuid = "0bca4576-84f4-4d90-8ffe-ffa030f20462"
-version = "2.61.0"
+version = "2.66.0"
 
     [deps.SciMLBase.extensions]
     SciMLBaseChainRulesCoreExt = "ChainRulesCore"
@@ -2242,9 +2242,9 @@ weakdeps = ["SparseArrays", "StaticArraysCore"]
 
 [[deps.SciMLStructures]]
 deps = ["ArrayInterface"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "25514a6f200219cd1073e4ff23a6324e4a7efe64"
+git-tree-sha1 = "0444a37a25fab98adbd90baa806ee492a3af133a"
 uuid = "53ae85a6-f571-4167-b2af-e1d143709226"
-version = "1.5.0"
+version = "1.6.1"
 
 [[deps.Scratch]]
 deps = ["Dates"]
@@ -2479,9 +2479,9 @@ weakdeps = ["ClimaParams"]
 
 [[deps.SymbolicIndexingInterface]]
 deps = ["Accessors", "ArrayInterface", "RuntimeGeneratedFunctions", "StaticArraysCore"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "6c6761e08bf5a270905cdd065be633abfa1b155b"
+git-tree-sha1 = "8db233b54917e474165d582bef2244fa040e0a56"
 uuid = "2efcf032-c050-4f8e-a9bb-153293bab1f5"
-version = "0.3.35"
+version = "0.3.36"
 
 [[deps.TOML]]
 deps = ["Dates"]
@@ -2561,9 +2561,9 @@ version = "0.11.1"
 
 [[deps.TimerOutputs]]
 deps = ["ExprTools", "Printf"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "3a6f063d690135f5c1ba351412c82bae4d1402bf"
+git-tree-sha1 = "d7298ebdfa1654583468a487e8e83fae9d72dac3"
 uuid = "a759f4b9-e2f1-59dc-863e-4aeb61b1ea8f"
-version = "0.5.25"
+version = "0.5.26"
 
 [[deps.TranscodingStreams]]
 git-tree-sha1 = "0c45878dcfdcfa8480052b6ab162cdd138781742"
@@ -2626,9 +2626,9 @@ version = "0.2.1"
 
 [[deps.UnsafeAtomicsLLVM]]
 deps = ["LLVM", "UnsafeAtomics"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "2d17fabcd17e67d7625ce9c531fb9f40b7c42ce4"
+git-tree-sha1 = "de4287a6569bcf3a8d6201d387991a8dda25c954"
 uuid = "d80eeb9a-aca5-4d75-85e5-170c8b632249"
-version = "0.2.1"
+version = "0.2.2"
 
 [[deps.VTKBase]]
 git-tree-sha1 = "c2d0db3ef09f1942d08ea455a9e252594be5f3b6"
@@ -2667,9 +2667,9 @@ version = "2.13.5+0"
 
 [[deps.XSLT_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Libgcrypt_jll", "Libgpg_error_jll", "Libiconv_jll", "XML2_jll", "Zlib_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "a54ee957f4c86b526460a720dbc882fa5edcbefc"
+git-tree-sha1 = "7d1671acbe47ac88e981868a078bd6b4e27c5191"
 uuid = "aed1982a-8fda-507f-9586-7b0439959a61"
-version = "1.1.41+0"
+version = "1.1.42+0"
 
 [[deps.XZ_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
@@ -2679,27 +2679,27 @@ version = "5.6.3+0"
 
 [[deps.Xorg_libX11_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Xorg_libxcb_jll", "Xorg_xtrans_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "afead5aba5aa507ad5a3bf01f58f82c8d1403495"
+git-tree-sha1 = "9dafcee1d24c4f024e7edc92603cedba72118283"
 uuid = "4f6342f7-b3d2-589e-9d20-edeb45f2b2bc"
-version = "1.8.6+0"
+version = "1.8.6+1"
 
 [[deps.Xorg_libXau_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "6035850dcc70518ca32f012e46015b9beeda49d8"
+git-tree-sha1 = "2b0e27d52ec9d8d483e2ca0b72b3cb1a8df5c27a"
 uuid = "0c0b7dd1-d40b-584c-a123-a41640f87eec"
-version = "1.0.11+0"
+version = "1.0.11+1"
 
 [[deps.Xorg_libXdmcp_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "34d526d318358a859d7de23da945578e8e8727b7"
+git-tree-sha1 = "02054ee01980c90297412e4c809c8694d7323af3"
 uuid = "a3789734-cfe1-5b06-b2d0-1dd0d9d62d05"
-version = "1.1.4+0"
+version = "1.1.4+1"
 
 [[deps.Xorg_libXext_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Xorg_libX11_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "d2d1a5c49fae4ba39983f63de6afcbea47194e85"
+git-tree-sha1 = "d7155fea91a4123ef59f42c4afb5ab3b4ca95058"
 uuid = "1082639a-0dae-5f34-9b06-72781eeb8cb3"
-version = "1.3.6+0"
+version = "1.3.6+1"
 
 [[deps.Xorg_libXrender_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Xorg_libX11_jll"]
@@ -2709,21 +2709,21 @@ version = "0.9.11+0"
 
 [[deps.Xorg_libpthread_stubs_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "8fdda4c692503d44d04a0603d9ac0982054635f9"
+git-tree-sha1 = "fee57a273563e273f0f53275101cd41a8153517a"
 uuid = "14d82f49-176c-5ed1-bb49-ad3f5cbd8c74"
-version = "0.1.1+0"
+version = "0.1.1+1"
 
 [[deps.Xorg_libxcb_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "XSLT_jll", "Xorg_libXau_jll", "Xorg_libXdmcp_jll", "Xorg_libpthread_stubs_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "bcd466676fef0878338c61e655629fa7bbc69d8e"
+git-tree-sha1 = "1a74296303b6524a0472a8cb12d3d87a78eb3612"
 uuid = "c7cfdc94-dc32-55de-ac96-5a1b8d977c5b"
-version = "1.17.0+0"
+version = "1.17.0+1"
 
 [[deps.Xorg_xtrans_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "e92a1a012a10506618f10b7047e478403a046c77"
+git-tree-sha1 = "b9ead2d2bdb27330545eb14234a2e300da61232e"
 uuid = "c5fb5394-a638-5e4d-96e5-b29de1b5cf10"
-version = "1.5.0+0"
+version = "1.5.0+1"
 
 [[deps.YAML]]
 deps = ["Base64", "Dates", "Printf", "StringEncodings"]
@@ -2808,10 +2808,10 @@ uuid = "c5f90fcd-3b7e-5836-afba-fc50a0988cb2"
 version = "1.4.0+0"
 
 [[deps.libzip_jll]]
-deps = ["Artifacts", "Bzip2_jll", "GnuTLS_jll", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "XZ_jll", "Zlib_jll", "Zstd_jll"]
-git-tree-sha1 = "668ac0297e6bd8f4d53dfdcd3ace71f2e00f4a35"
+deps = ["Artifacts", "Bzip2_jll", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "OpenSSL_jll", "XZ_jll", "Zlib_jll", "Zstd_jll"]
+git-tree-sha1 = "e797fa066eba69f4c0585ffbd81bc780b5118ce2"
 uuid = "337d8026-41b4-5cde-a456-74a10e5b31d1"
-version = "1.11.1+0"
+version = "1.11.2+0"
 
 [[deps.nghttp2_jll]]
 deps = ["Artifacts", "Libdl"]
diff --git a/src/cache/cache.jl b/src/cache/cache.jl
index 6aecd88e95..2dc4215a18 100644
--- a/src/cache/cache.jl
+++ b/src/cache/cache.jl
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 struct AtmosCache{
     FT <: AbstractFloat,
-    FTE,
-    WTE,
     AM,
     NUM,
     CAP,
@@ -28,12 +26,6 @@ struct AtmosCache{
     """Timestep of the simulation (in seconds). This is also used by callbacks and tendencies"""
     dt::FT
 
-    """End time of the simulation (in seconds). This used by callbacks"""
-    t_end::FTE
-
-    """Walltime estimate"""
-    walltime_estimate::WTE
-
     """AtmosModel"""
     atmos::AM
 
@@ -98,7 +90,7 @@ end
 # The model also depends on f_plane_coriolis_frequency(params)
 # This is a constant Coriolis frequency that is only used if space is flat
 function build_cache(Y, atmos, params, surface_setup, sim_info, aerosol_names)
-    (; dt, t_end, start_date) = sim_info
+    (; dt, start_date, output_dir) = sim_info
     FT = eltype(params)
 
     ᶜcoord = Fields.local_geometry_field(Y.c).coordinates
@@ -180,8 +172,6 @@ function build_cache(Y, atmos, params, surface_setup, sim_info, aerosol_names)
 
     args = (
         dt,
-        t_end,
-        WallTimeEstimate(),
         atmos,
         numerics,
         params,
diff --git a/src/callbacks/callback_helpers.jl b/src/callbacks/callback_helpers.jl
index 74bd40f902..94474ead62 100644
--- a/src/callbacks/callback_helpers.jl
+++ b/src/callbacks/callback_helpers.jl
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import SciMLBase
+
 #####
 ##### Callback helpers
 #####
@@ -109,3 +110,44 @@ end
 
 n_steps_per_cycle_per_cb_diagnostic(cbs) =
     [callback_frequency(cb).n for cb in cbs if callback_frequency(cb).n > 0]
+
+
+# TODO: Move to ClimaUtilities once we move the schedules there
+import ClimaDiagnostics.Schedules: AbstractSchedule
+
+"""
+    CappedGeometricSeriesSchedule(max_steps)
+
+True every 2^N iterations or every `max_steps`.
+
+This is useful to have an exponential ramp up of something that saturates to a constant
+frequency. (For instance, reporting something more frequently at the beginning of the
+simulation, and less frequency later)
+"""
+struct CappedGeometricSeriesSchedule <: AbstractSchedule
+    """GeometricSeriesSchedule(integrator) is true every 2^N iterations or every max_steps"""
+    max_steps::Int
+    """Last step that this returned true"""
+    step_last::Base.RefValue{Int}
+
+    function CappedGeometricSeriesSchedule(max_steps; step_last = Ref(0))
+        return new(max_steps, step_last)
+    end
+end
+
+"""
+    CappedGeometricSeriesSchedule(integrator)
+
+Returns true if `integrator.step >= last_step + max_steps`, or when `integrator.step` is a
+power of 2. `last_step` is the last step this function was true and `max_step` is maximum
+allowed interval as defined in the schedule.
+"""
+function (schedule::CappedGeometricSeriesSchedule)(integrator)::Bool
+    if isinteger(log2(integrator.step)) ||
+       integrator.step > schedule.step_last[] + schedule.max_steps
+        schedule.step_last[] = integrator.step
+        return true
+    else
+        return false
+    end
+end
diff --git a/src/callbacks/callbacks.jl b/src/callbacks/callbacks.jl
index 4344298061..1334d397ae 100644
--- a/src/callbacks/callbacks.jl
+++ b/src/callbacks/callbacks.jl
@@ -364,98 +364,6 @@ NVTX.@annotate function save_state_to_disk_func(integrator, output_dir)
     return nothing
 end
 
-Base.@kwdef mutable struct WallTimeEstimate
-    """Number of calls to the callback"""
-    n_calls::Int = 0
-    """Int indicating next time the callback will print to the log"""
-    n_next::Int = 1
-    """Wall time of previous call to update `WallTimeEstimate`"""
-    t_wall_last::Float64 = -1
-    """Sum of elapsed walltime over calls to `step!`"""
-    ∑Δt_wall::Float64 = 0
-    """Fixed increment to increase n_next by after 5% completion"""
-    n_fixed_increment::Float64 = -1
-end
-import Dates
-function print_walltime_estimate(integrator)
-    (; walltime_estimate, dt, t_end) = integrator.p
-    t_start = integrator.sol.prob.tspan[1]
-    wte = walltime_estimate
-
-    # Notes on `ready_to_report`
-    #   - The very first call (when `n_calls == 0`), there's no elapsed
-    #     times to report (and this is called during initialization,
-    #     before `step!` has been called).
-    #   - The second call (`n_calls == 1`) is after `step!` is called
-    #     for the first time, but we don't want to report this since it
-    #     includes compilation time.
-    #   - Calls after that (`n_calls > 1`) exclude compilation and provide
-    #     the best wall time estimates
-
-    ready_to_report = wte.n_calls > 1
-    if ready_to_report
-        # We need to account for skipping cost of `Δt_wall` when `n_calls == 1`:
-        factor = wte.n_calls == 2 ? 2 : 1
-        Δt_wall = factor * (time() - wte.t_wall_last)
-    else
-        wte.n_calls == 1 && @info "Progress: Completed first step"
-        Δt_wall = Float64(0)
-        wte.n_next = wte.n_calls + 1
-    end
-    wte.∑Δt_wall += Δt_wall
-    wte.t_wall_last = time()
-
-    if wte.n_calls == wte.n_next && ready_to_report
-        t = integrator.t
-        n_steps_total = ceil(Int, (t_end - t_start) / dt)
-        n_steps = ceil(Int, (t - t_start) / dt)
-        wall_time_ave_per_step = wte.∑Δt_wall / n_steps
-        wall_time_ave_per_step_str = time_and_units_str(wall_time_ave_per_step)
-        percent_complete = round((t - t_start) / t_end * 100; digits = 1)
-        n_steps_remaining = n_steps_total - n_steps
-        wall_time_remaining = wall_time_ave_per_step * n_steps_remaining
-        wall_time_remaining_str = time_and_units_str(wall_time_remaining)
-        wall_time_total =
-            time_and_units_str(wall_time_ave_per_step * n_steps_total)
-        wall_time_spent = time_and_units_str(wte.∑Δt_wall)
-        simulation_time = time_and_units_str(Float64(t))
-        es = EfficiencyStats((t_start, t), wte.∑Δt_wall)
-        _sypd = simulated_years_per_day(es)
-        _sypd_str = string(round(_sypd; digits = 3))
-        sypd = _sypd_str * if _sypd < 0.01
-            sdpd = round(_sypd * 365, digits = 3)
-            " (sdpd = $sdpd)"
-        else
-            ""
-        end
-        estimated_finish_date =
-            Dates.now() + compound_period(wall_time_remaining, Dates.Second)
-        @info "Progress" simulation_time = simulation_time n_steps_completed =
-            n_steps wall_time_per_step = wall_time_ave_per_step_str wall_time_total =
-            wall_time_total wall_time_remaining = wall_time_remaining_str wall_time_spent =
-            wall_time_spent percent_complete = "$percent_complete%" sypd = sypd date_now =
-            Dates.now() estimated_finish_date = estimated_finish_date
-
-        # the first fixed increment is equivalent to
-        # doubling (which puts us at 10%), so we check
-        # if we're below 5%.
-        if percent_complete < 5
-            # doubling factor (to reduce log noise)
-            wte.n_next *= 2
-        else
-            if wte.n_fixed_increment == -1
-                wte.n_fixed_increment = wte.n_next
-            end
-            # increase by fixed increment after 10%
-            # completion to maintain logs after 50%.
-            wte.n_next += wte.n_fixed_increment
-        end
-    end
-    wte.n_calls += 1
-
-    return nothing
-end
-
 function gc_func(integrator)
     num_pre = Base.gc_num()
     alloc_since_last = (num_pre.allocd + num_pre.deferred_alloc) / 2^20
diff --git a/src/callbacks/get_callbacks.jl b/src/callbacks/get_callbacks.jl
index be491a65a7..469731c03d 100644
--- a/src/callbacks/get_callbacks.jl
+++ b/src/callbacks/get_callbacks.jl
@@ -234,14 +234,17 @@ function get_callbacks(config, sim_info, atmos, params, Y, p, t_start)
 
     callbacks = ()
     if parsed_args["log_progress"]
-        @info "Progress logging enabled."
-        callbacks = (
-            callbacks...,
-            call_every_n_steps(
-                (integrator) -> print_walltime_estimate(integrator);
-                skip_first = true,
-            ),
-        )
+        @info "Progress logging enabled"
+        walltime_info = WallTimeInfo()
+        tot_steps = ceil(Int, (sim_info.t_end - t_start) / dt)
+        five_percent_steps = ceil(Int, 0.05 * tot_steps)
+        cond = let schedule = CappedGeometricSeriesSchedule(five_percent_steps)
+            (u, t, integrator) -> schedule(integrator)
+        end
+        affect! = let wt = walltime_info
+            (integrator) -> report_walltime(wt, integrator)
+        end
+        callbacks = (callbacks..., SciMLBase.DiscreteCallback(cond, affect!))
     end
     check_nan_every = parsed_args["check_nan_every"]
     if check_nan_every > 0
diff --git a/src/compat.jl b/src/compat.jl
index 143bb888c8..03b9931e53 100644
--- a/src/compat.jl
+++ b/src/compat.jl
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import ClimaCore
+import ClimaUtilities
 import ClimaCore: Domains, Spaces, Topologies
 
 # To allow for backwards compatibility of ClimaCore:
@@ -20,3 +21,77 @@ if pkgversion(ClimaCore) < v"0.14.18"
 else
     z_max(s::Spaces.AbstractSpace) = Spaces.z_max(s)
 end
+
+if pkgversion(ClimaUtilities) < v"0.1.20"
+    # From ClimaUtilities.OnlineLogging.WallTimeInfo
+    struct WallTimeInfo
+        n_calls::Base.RefValue{Int}
+        t_wall_last::Base.RefValue{Float64}
+        ∑Δt_wall::Base.RefValue{Float64}
+        function WallTimeInfo()
+            n_calls = Ref(0)
+            t_wall_last = Ref(-1.0)
+            ∑Δt_wall = Ref(0.0)
+            return new(n_calls, t_wall_last, ∑Δt_wall)
+        end
+    end
+    function _update!(wt::WallTimeInfo)
+        if wt.n_calls[] == 0 || wt.n_calls[] == 1
+            Δt_wall = 0.0
+        else
+            Δt_wall = time() - wt.t_wall_last[]
+            wt.n_calls[] == 2 && (Δt_wall = 2Δt_wall)
+        end
+        wt.n_calls[] += 1
+        wt.t_wall_last[] = time()
+        wt.∑Δt_wall[] += Δt_wall
+        return nothing
+    end
+    function report_walltime(wt, integrator)
+        _update!(wt)
+
+        t_start, t_end = integrator.sol.prob.tspan
+        dt = integrator.dt
+        t = integrator.t
+
+        n_steps_total = ceil(Int, (t_end - t_start) / dt)
+        n_steps = ceil(Int, (t - t_start) / dt)
+
+        wall_time_ave_per_step = wt.∑Δt_wall[] / n_steps
+        wall_time_ave_per_step_str = time_and_units_str(wall_time_ave_per_step)
+        percent_complete = round((t - t_start) / t_end * 100; digits = 1)
+        n_steps_remaining = n_steps_total - n_steps
+        wall_time_remaining = wall_time_ave_per_step * n_steps_remaining
+        wall_time_remaining_str = time_and_units_str(wall_time_remaining)
+        wall_time_total =
+            time_and_units_str(wall_time_ave_per_step * n_steps_total)
+        wall_time_spent = time_and_units_str(wt.∑Δt_wall[])
+        simulation_time = time_and_units_str(Float64(t))
+
+        simulated_seconds_per_second = (t - t_start) / wt.∑Δt_wall[]
+        simulated_seconds_per_day = simulated_seconds_per_second * 86400
+        simulated_days_per_day = simulated_seconds_per_day / 86400
+        simulated_years_per_day = simulated_days_per_day / 365.25
+
+        sypd_estimate = string(round(simulated_years_per_day; digits = 3))
+        if simulated_years_per_day < 0.01
+            sdpd_estimate = round(simulated_days_per_day, digits = 3)
+            sypd_estimate *= " (sdpd_estimate = $sdpd_estimate)"
+        end
+
+        estimated_finish_date =
+            Dates.now() + Dates.Second(ceil(wall_time_remaining))
+
+        @info "Progress" simulation_time = simulation_time n_steps_completed =
+            n_steps wall_time_per_step = wall_time_ave_per_step_str wall_time_total =
+            wall_time_total wall_time_remaining = wall_time_remaining_str wall_time_spent =
+            wall_time_spent percent_complete = "$percent_complete%" estimated_sypd =
+            sypd_estimate date_now = Dates.now() estimated_finish_date =
+            estimated_finish_date
+
+        return nothing
+    end
+else
+    WallTimeInfo = ClimaUtilities.OnlineLogging.WallTimeInfo
+    report_walltime = ClimaUtilities.OnlineLogging.report_walltime
+end
diff --git a/test/coupler_compatibility.jl b/test/coupler_compatibility.jl
index fada5d40a3..70fb3a9fa0 100644
--- a/test/coupler_compatibility.jl
+++ b/test/coupler_compatibility.jl
@@ -66,8 +66,6 @@ const T2 = 290
     @. sfc_setup = (surface_state,)
     p_overwritten = CA.AtmosCache(
         p.dt,
-        simulation.t_end,
-        CA.WallTimeEstimate(),
         p.atmos,
         p.numerics,
         p.params,